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OBERAMMERGAU.— 1S90. 


BY WILLIAM ALLEN BUTLER 

A TREMBLING vow breathed in n night of fears ; 

A votive offering wet with hitter tears; 

Faith’s faltering cry through thickest midnight gloom; 
Hope’s last faint signal by the opening tomb ; 

Thus, in desjmir. the stricken peasants prayed : 

“O, Father, if this cruel plague lie stayed. 

We and our children plcdgu ourselves to Thee, 

In every dei-ade of the years to bo, 

While Ammer's waters through our valley glide, 

Or Kofel's summit greets the morning tide. 

With all our powers, however scant und rmle, 

In very act and true similitude. 

Before the world and in the light of duv. 

The Saviour's cross and Passion to portray.” 

The prayer was heard, so runs the record old ; 
Thenceforth no lamb was stricken in the fold, 

N'or man nor matron, youth or maiden died. 

But healing balm, breathed from the mountain side, 
Brought back new health to wasted forms, and gave 
In every home a rescue from the grave. 

Safe in its hill-girt vale the hamlet Blept ; 

Through the green dales the gentle Animer swept, 
New blessings brihging to each peasant door. 

And all was j>ence and plenty as of yore ; 

While far above, lit genius of the place, 

Gray Kofel, towering from bis massive base. 

Still kept bis sentry watch, where, Rtem anil lone. 
Rose to the sky his rugged, cross- tipped cone. 

Tho trembling lips which breathed that enrly vow, 
Long stilled in death, arc dust and ashes now; 

Tiio years have flown, the centuries rolled away. 
Kingdoms and crowns lrnvo crumbled to decay, 



cnnunra i josep maierl 



2 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., KO. lTt#. 


NEW EDITION 


nr 

Sir Walter Scott's Journal 

MOW H£AOf 

The Journal of Sir Waller Scott, 1825-1833. From 
the Original Manuscript at Abbotsford. With 
Two Portraits and Engraved Title-pages. 2 Vo|*» 
8 vo, Cloth, Uncut Edges and CJilt 1‘ops. $7 50. 

Tit* " journal " * vitriol awl vivid .picture o( Sir 

Waller Scott's existence ituriog the vein in which he kepi il. 
I’npuUithed letter* from him ami others wive to tlliidiair ilie 
text, while niract* front t tie remintccerico. in manuscript* by 
''kene tnd llaHantvnr give many intrre'tini' particulars xlmiu 
Sir Waller. Ttwwe* who read l lie " Journal will ib-xrly under- 
siand what he xm as x man, and o*ch i man nc he »» the more 
helm-nl the more intimately he it known lie iviv-il* himwtf 
u uh |>erfort cawlor anil c-implrleitov in hit " Journal," and be 
appears men greater in its |»iges than in other works from 
hit pen which are prized at English cti— ioi, — t*nJ*n / turn. 


Tk* obarr ir-iri r»/.u m tr by mil k.-itwVo>i ni irill b r «nl hy I hr pvt- 
a — f prrjMM, J» sic. pm,t Itftbe f'.nml Mnlrm. Ca.inOa. .>r Mr* 
to, •> rwmm< t * 1/ It. jltW 

Published BY HARPFR Sc BROTHERS. N. Y. 


ST. KATHERINE'S BY THE TOWER. 

X NEW NOVEL 
nr WALTER BRSUKT. 

ftUg iUuAtntM on if of rtmiqnr iutrrrmt, beginning in the 
t> umtrr Of H ARPKK's UaUK pirVAArd Jim tutor 31, trill run 
tXroui/X ttcrral mouthy. 


No. l“7fl. 

Haupf.rs Weekly. 

with COV1HI, AMI *r vri KMVST rOBTAWim 
A DOVHLE PAQE ILLL'STltATIuS, IN TINT. KN 
TOtKIJ "A CVKHNI.K RlltE. " 


TKHRSl l« l(J« 

. V a lvi fpliUt 


r — iih a it ut. is tiiitMt. 

tnjiii uifA any Xnmlor 


y^RRANGF.MENTS have been made with the fol- 
lowing popular authors to write short stories for 


Harper's Weekly in il 
Walter Besant. 

W. Clark Russell, 
j. m. Barrie, 

Mrs. Ot.iPHANr. 
William West ai.l, 
JUSTIN McCarthy, 

A. Oman Doyle. 
Jerome K. Jerome, 
kt/nvARD Kipling. 


Henry James, 

Thomas A. Janvier. 

M. C.. McClelland, 

C. H. Ruckwhli,U.S.N, 
Hamlin Garland, 
Sophie Swkit. 

John Heard. Jug,, 

Lynn R. Mkekins, 
Geraldine Bonner. 


TUB NEW YORK SBS A TORS II II*. 

1 1HR chief inlerr*t of tit* session of the Note York 
Legislature this year is the election rtf it Senator 
of the United S Lutes The political situation is Hint 
which Is supposed to eliaractrrize the traditionally 
incomprehensible politic* of New York. Both the 
great parlies are divided within their own ranks, hut 
upon the united vole in the Legislature the Demo- 
crats an* in a majority. The successor of Mr. F.vartn 
will be therefore a Democrat The Senutorsliip of 
New York i% a trust to which the ablest members of 
the dominant parly may well aspire. Indeed a seal 
in the Senate with the prestige of the imperial State 
as it* OOMtitnoncr, seems to many men ns d>-*iralde 
a place as our politic* offer. But the Senate is now 
less an assembly of conspicuous leaders than il has 
often been. and. upon the Demnrnatir side. tin young- 
est Senator. Mr. Carlisle. is probably (lie most emi- 
nent. Of late years other reasons than distinguished 
ability, public service, or evident Illness have brought 
member* into the Senate. Our system of party or- 
ganization. which is irrespective of all such qtialilica- 
tions. makes unexpected Hriiulorv Tb- great part 
which money' now plays in ]xilitirs uml election* is 
obvious in the eluiiec of Senators, and it i* lieonmiiig 
more ami more the conviction that only rich men can 
afford to go to the Senate. 

iu this State, however, it is agreed that Governor 
llll.l. ran be the Senator if lie dosiie*. and the Gov 
ernor is nut a rich man. His opportunity arises 
from his skill us a politician. He has obtained • 


undisputed control of the Democratic organisation in 
the State, and Iism will is law. We say undisputed, 
although there are many Democrats who ate opposed 
to him. But the opposition is an unorganized feel- 
ing. It is conceded that, except by a combination of 
a few recusant Democrats with Republicans, the Gov- 
ernor, if he refuses to be elected, will practically ap- 
point flic Senator. The list of candidate* is not large, 
and contain* no very eminent name, ami perhaps 
none which would be instantly recogn herd as of con- 
spicuous fitness. In aHtate of nix million* of people, 
in which )iarty activity is ao warm and constant, it ia 
■in turn I, in view of such an election, to expect some 
names of great prominence to present themselves. 
Itut that is not the case Various worthy- and some 
not no worthy gentlemen hare been iiatned, but none 
of what may be called the Senatorial quality of the 
Senator who is to be replaced Mr. Kv arts'* career 
in the Senate may not have fill filled all the an- 
ticipation with which hi* election won greeted, but 
his general distinction, bin ability, his public service, 
an* and were unquestionable 

The Democratic party will be judged by il* selec- 
tion of his successor. It is quite as much by such 
persona) considerations a* by its general public pro 
fessions that a party is measured. There is, indeed, 
no lest of a party so satisfactory us the kind of men 
that it selects to represent it. Platform professions 
are vague and irresponsible, but representatives vote. 
The Democratic party in New York, for obvious rea- 
son*. is always very conspicuous, and Tammany llall 
is the key to much of the general feeling in regard to 
the party. Governor Hill's supremacy is another 
atonrrr of that feeling. To the general political mind 
of the country, Tammany and the Governor, much 
more than tariff reform, or any other reform, stand 
for “ Democracy," ns the leadership of Mr. l’l-ATT hi 
New York stand* for Republicanism. The votes that 
will elect the Senator are those of representative* 
just elected. If there lie any virtue in our insti- 
tutions. those votes will show the disposition of the 
dominant jwrly in the Slate. As the amrion opens, 
the immediate interest is concentrated upon the for- 
tunes of the candidate*. But tlte final selection, by 
whatever considerations decided, will tie very itnpor 
taut to the party. 'Hie election of the Governor with 
his consent would lie the proof of the ascendency of 
the Democratic influence which is opposed to Mr. 
Cleveland. The election of Mr, Smith M. Weed 
would show the indifference of Democratic New 
York to tariff reform. It is a very interesting elec- 
tion. 


A NEW PARTY. 

A earner in Illinois writes that lie is a member 
of tiie Farmer** Alliance, but neither a socialist nor 
a quixotic currency man. Indeed, he says that the 
financial schemes sometime* associated with the Alli- 
ance are not *up|iorted in Illinois. and that the Alii 
ance is not at all united upon the financial question. 
He says. "The fanners feel that they have been 
robbed when the government grants subsidies to the 
railroad and steam ship intereat. and also when they 
an- taxed that manufacturer* may get rich." This 
i* undoubtedly one of the feeling* from which the 
Alliance springs, while the financial and other 
schemes are added to the plat form in order to catch 
vote*. The natural tendency of every such move- 
ment, when the impelling reason does not went to lie 
strong enough to secure an adequate parly organiza- 
tion. is to |mhiI several issues which arc not related, 
but each of which seems very important to certain 
pennons, with the view of pooling vote* a* well a* is- 
sue*. 

That the ngrieiiltiiral interest should be impatient 
under a system which levies taxes on its supplies, 
but which in the nature of the ease cannot really 
" protect " its productions, is not surprising. But the 
relief which i* sought lies iu tariff reform, and as 
this is a professed purpose of the Alliance, and is also 
the present platform of a great party, what is the rea- 
son. so far us this question ia concerned, for the Alii 
ami - 1 Why could not n farmer like our correspond- 
ent, who seeks relief from an unjust tariff, support a 
party winch pro|wr*e* that very relief wliieh he holds 
to lie the most important of questions? What dors 
lie gain by entering into a new organization which, 
in order to secure support, professes doctrine* and 
schemes which he does not approve ' Rag-bag par- 
ties are nut successful, Iwcause they do not cohere, 
When the abolition movement liegan. Mr. Garrison's 
associates used to complain that ho mixed up with it 
non-reaiidance and woman's right* and total absti- 
nence mu] other subjects, which, however good in 
tlieinaelvea, did not concern the alnililion of slavery, 
but dul alienate many good friends of that cause. 
Mr. Garrison defended bis course by saying that he 
held those views not as an alMililiotnsl, but. as a man. 
But none the less they were unquestionably asso- 
ciated injuriously with the cause in the public mind, 

If a farmer or a multitude of fanner* object to 
class legislation in the form of a tariff, why not op 
pose it with those who are already organized as a 
party to oppose il, unless there be some other measure 


of the party which they dislike, and which such 
union would promote T Or is the view that we have 
slated incorrect, and in the Farmers' Alliance are the 
financial schemes the objective point of the leader*, 
mid is tariff reform added for Die satisfaction of those 
who, like onr correspondent, are peculiarly interested 
in it? Our correspondent will see that when a new 
party platform is nnistructed of many measure*, and 
is not the simple expression of a strong and united 
purpose, such as the restriction of slave territory, 
which was the single great purpose of the Repule 
lican organization in 18S8, it will not stand, or will 
stand only upon its strongest prop, while the other* 
fall. The Farmers* Alliance is supreme for the time 
in South Carolina, but our correspondent will not 
assert that tariff reform is there iu chief concern. 
It need not have divided the Democratic party in 
the Stale to secure that result, and what the gen- 
eral movement under the uanie of Farmers' Alliance 
menus is not yet clear. 


FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC POLITICS. 

Thk recent excitement over the action of Parnell 
has placid in a very strong light a curious but not 
unfamiliar facL It is tluit of the part in British pol- 
itics which is played by a class of American citizens. 
Such a |utrt in our own politics played or attempted 
to Is* played by any body of British subjects would 
lie very promptly resented by us. But during the 
last few weeks addresses and messages of every kind, 
urging particular courses of political action, and ap- 
pealing to feeling* and considerations entirely foreign 
to American affairs, have been sent over the ocean 10 
affect political action in another country, and for- 
eigners but a few weeks in this country have declared 
by cable flint "America stands by” this or that course 
or person iu political conflict* elsewhere. Mr, TIMO- 
THY Harrington, an Irishman who has paaaed some 
week* in this country, returned to Ireland, and ou 
the eve of the Kilkenny election issued a manifesto 
in which, according to the report, be announced that 
"the citizens of the United States and the Irish in 
America won hi never Mibmit to the deposition of Mr. 
Parnell. " It would la* interesting to see an Ameri- 
can. after a short sojourn iu England, returning ou 
the eve of an election. and announcing that the peo- 
ple of Great Britain and Americans in England would 
not submit to the defeat of Mr. Harriwon or Mr. 
Cleveland. 

When such manifestoes proceed from strangers, 
they express very impertinently merely the opinions 
of those who semi them Any Ameriran in England 
pending an election in this country might telegraph 
that England devoutly hopes for the election of Cod- 
lins. or might even appeal to the voters of New York 
to take cutt- not to alienate Tammany Hall. But 
when citizens and voters in one country urgently 
appeal to lb (MM in another to support certain candi- 
dates or to favor |mrtieu!ar policiea, the inquiry is 
pertinent, Ate you Americans, or are you citizens of 
two countries f When a man. leaving his native 
land. choose* this country for liis home, and becomes 
lawfully un American citizen and voter, he agrees 
morally and honorably to renounce l>i* political «l 
legiance to bis native lund, and while, of comae, he 
does not renounce his affection for it, nor his interest 
in its welfare, he doe* agree not to interfere with ita 
own management of its own affairs. In his late ad- 
dress upon this subject. Mr Theodore Rinwevelt 
said, truly and forcibly : 1 This country has no use for 
Irish American*. German Americans, Italian Ameri- 
cans, or any other kind except plain, straightforward 
Americans. ... We have the right to demand that 
they shall leave their native politics at home, and be- 
come real Americans. It is an outrage for people 
living here as Americans to mix up Irish politics, 
British politics, or any other foreign politics with 
our politics. Americanism is not u mutter of birth- 
place or creed. It is a matter of Hpirit, of character, 
and of loyal citizenship." 

The question is plain and pertinent. If a natural- 
ized citizen cannot leave his old politics behind him. 
why docs lie not stay with them ? No man can be 
priqierlv an American citizen and lie actively en- 
gaged in French or Italian politic*. and the French 
and Italian governments, a* well as honest citizens of 
tliose countries, have a just right to complain of tin; 
practical part iripat ion of foreigner* in their political 
affair*. It was understood some time ago that Amer- 
ican citizens supplied the money to enable certain 
person* to sit in the British Parliament. How should 
we have liked to know that the money to enuhle cer- 
tain American* to run for Congress had been aub- 
srribed in England? It is sometimes alleged that the 
gold of the Cobdcn Club has defrayed the election 
expense* of free-trade candidate* for Congress. But 
if that Rtory were believed, there would be a storm 
There is an obvious line of distinction between ex- 
pre**io> * of interest and sympathy with moral move 
incut* in other countries and practical interference 
wir'i their polities, and no loyal American who ex- 
parti tho people of other countries to observe it will 
fail himself to respect it. Qjcjjtizcd I'y Cj()( )gle 


JANUART 8. 1881. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


3 


HAPP «AR! 

lUrrt Nc«-Y«i> will wished tliiw year as universally 
ns ever, but (hr aspen nf the old New Year's Day Is (tone 
Wbnt youth m>w set* fnrili to make n Inuulreil calls, the 
southern l'ltimn Thule le-ins Park (’lure, unit the northern 
I’ulon Squnre? Wbnt lica»|>ltitl>U* Iimiihc (lores now to be re- 
nowned ou this »u»|ii<-loii» month's for Its eggnog. Its rum 
piinrli. it* chocolate. its tnulleil wine? What n plensnnt. 
bustling. busy. breexy nlr the well doused crowd luttl. run- 
ning up steps itndilown steps, nuil checking trlumplmiitly the 
diminishing list* 

With what pay et y ami AcuAnwiiV. and on air of wit. 
the ordinary greeting* wen? exchanged " Good morning!" 
‘llnppy New Year!” "Good-by!" " Cull again neil year!" 
It was n pretty spectacle and a pleasant salination. |>|,l 
you enjoy it, sir or madam ; mid. pray, wliy? Waa it so ex 
hilamtiug to say " Oooil morning “T Was It such buppl- 
nns in liear " Cull again ”t Not at all. It was liecause It 
waa In the time of Consul Plaucus. Tltene are days in June 
when everyiblnp Is delightful In Ibis best of all pnssihlo 
worlds; days " wherein shall no man work, but play." Do 
you think It is June tluit explains It? Is it because it is the 
month of macs? No. it Is out June; It is youth 

Something of the old New Years Day still survives. 
Something of lint hospitnldc wassail in eerlain houses; plen- 
ty of reminiscence and sparkling tradition. The holidays 
themselves, as a season, are happier than ever. Indeed. 
Christmas, a* a universal feast, with Its attendant New- Year, 
seems to have come In within the last half century. What 
profusion of delights of every kind and everywhere' The 
city Itself is dressed for a gala, Whether it lir a heathen 
survival, with its yule and mislctnc, or a Christian tradition, 
with its peace and pood-will, everybody is resist lewsljr infret- 
ed. Even Hnoogn thaws a little, Thrre are certainly 
Chime*, anil perhaps airy voices. We ran not speak the sea- 
sonable lienedirtirtn, nor breathe the air which is full of its 
music, without receiving something of Ibv benisou— Merry 
Christmas and happy New. Year. 

THE DINNER OF THE REFORM CLUB. 

The dinner of the Reform Club in New York was an im- 
portant political demonstration. The occasion was tlwe cch*- 
bratioa of the lute triumph at the polls of the campaign of 
education, inclining the popular dlacitssUm of the tariff. The 
speakers were all Democrats, and tarifT reform whs presented 
as the great Democratic issue. The chief speaker was Mr. 
LT.kvei.and, who, ns President, iu his message of 1WW. Iwguu 
the dehute.und gave Ills party a distinctive cause. The other 
spcnkei'i came from dHT-ii-nt part* of the country, and they 
treated different aspects of iImi general subject, The entbu- 
elasm was unbounded, nml it wss plainly concentrated upon 
one person— Mr. IT.evki.and. Its object was utimbMakahle. 
It wn» to show to (lie country that llw voting, active, pro- 
gressive force of the Democratic party iu New York regards 
Groveii Cl.KVKl.SND as the true and popular leader of his 
party, and the candidate whom it can elect in 1883. 

Tliere is no other Democrat in the country whose podtintt 
in his party is so commanding, mid who would be hailed hy 
It every where with such significant aci-himiition Governor 
Hill is the unquestionable chief of the purty machine in 
New York, lie is. in our modern phrase. »n adroit party 

bow"; hut he is not. iu the old and intelligible phrase, a 
party kwlcr. Mr. C’LKnuXD is evidently, and unlike a 
great many Democrats, a sincere believer in the intelligence 
and governing ability of the people. Hut. unlike the tradi- 
tional Democratic orator, be does not flitlli-r a mob os dis- 
tinctively the people. He lias none of the familiar Demo- 
cratic servility Pi Ignorance and prejudice, but In a simple, 
mnnly way appeals to the gixst sense nf the average Ameri- 
can citlren. of wliom he Is an admirable llluMratluu. 

It Is clear that, uule-s «mnc extraordinary situation should 
Intervene, the Democratic platform in 1HW will tie tariff re- 
form, of which Mr. Cleveland is beyond doubt tbe mint con 
spiciHwiH ’representative in his party, with a personal follow- 
ing very much larger mid more ardent tlinn he lias ever had. 
It Is hardly eonreivahJe that the party should lay aside this 
Issue, or refuse to nominate the one leader who stands for It. 
Tliere is a striking fnct in the present situation which is 
described hy Mr BrntMCTT. one of the most sagacious Re- 
publican politic-inn* In MaiMachttscM*, as " the nidi of young 
men loui the Democratic party. " It is due to the fact lliat 
tire party fa coming more and more to represent a grant pub- 
lic policy which commend* itself to young mm. like the Re- 
publican policy of 18-M and fit) as simple and just There 
is still. Indeed, a strung and hitter hostility within tire Demo- 
cratic party to every gen emu* and progressive impulse, and 
lire result cannot hccritniiily foretold The least promising 
sign Is the want of mtl party independence even among in- 
telligent and "reform" Democrats. 


THE FEAST OF THE ••MAYFLOWER." 

Tiip. annual New England dinners in New York and 
Brooklyn were eaten llil« year with the usual enthusiasm, 
and there are never wanting nliutidant eloquence, wit, and 
wisdom after ’be removal of the cloth, It was curious and 
suggestive nl lire Brooklyn feast that Mr, BtiECXiNRinnR. of 
Kentucky, paid a glowing tribute to the Pilgrims mid to 
the New Engluud spirit, while at the New York dinner Mr, 
William Evehett. principal of the Adams School at Quin- 
cy. at tbe end nf an c«|tinliy glowing anil admirable tri latte 
to ctamirnl edtrenlion, cvlchratnl. wilb nn eloquence thnt 
kindled bis audience, tire essential national unity of the 
States. 

This was homage to the supremacy of the influences 
which Mr. IstOALM. of Kansas, thinks have no place in pol- 
itic*. It K in fiu-t, fust so far as the old New England prin- 
ciple and pluck still dominate our nntioitnl life that its fu 
lure is secure. Sir. Depew was of (ipinlon Unit tbe twelve 
years of the Puritan in Holland really supplied liltu with 


his moral equipment and the best results of his American 
career. He had then, undoubtedly. a< his descendant the 
Yankee ha* now, lire gift of "getting the best " and making 
it his own. Wlten Webster ivns going to make n great 
flnnnclal speech, he sucked all Urey knew out nf bis friends 
in Slate Street anil Wall Street, and then isauctl it. Inti in 
pure gold of hi* own mintage. Wkwtkr look the wisdom 
nf lire hankers, and the Puritan that of tbe Dutch. They 
were mrlHred, but they remained Wkrstkr and Puritnii 
still, 

Mr Everett spoke most worthily of tire founder of lire 
school nf which he is tire distinguished Itead. old John 
Adams. He set forth in fitting and incisive words lire 
statcsinsn of whom Stephen Hopkins sum! that he whs tire 
lic*l to build up, ns his cousin, SsM Adams, was tire liesl to 
pull down, nraotig all the public men be ever knew. It is 
pleasant to real! the sinewy truth of one of the greatest of 
American* ns Mr. Evehktt told it. There was plenty more 
of delightful forefather speech, and we mention hut n few 
words as illustrations. 


AT THE OPERA. 

A co it respondent of tbe Trihunr beg* the etlltor to ask 
the conductors at lire opera to tap sumtly on tlrelr slantla 
wlren they begin, a* a warning to late corners, and be ex- 
claims onre more at the loiterers and the " chatterer*." meta- 
phorically beseeching the power* that something may la? 
done to secure respectful silence for bearing works of genius. 
It is true that if Gladstone were speaking at the Opera- 
house, lire people in the house who chattered and snickered 
would he promptly and peremptorily biased Into silence; 
or if Mr*. Kan nt Rembi.k were reading a play of Shake- 
spk. ire's, the indecency of tbe familiHr interruption in the 
boxes would be indignantly resented. 

The offence is not leas when It la not an orator nor a rend- 
er, but a singer who is upon the stage, and when the genius 
whose work is presented is not a port, hut a great composer 
But there must lie forbearance with tbe notoriously offend- 
ing boxes. There is a dilemma. Either the chatterers umi 
Hiiickerer* have no sympathy with works of genius or nn 
knowledge of good mutt item. Either they think an opera- 
house b a circus or a music hall, or they have suddenly 
grown rich, and have only recently come up stair*. In cither 
caw they are to lie pitied, although, nf course, effort* mu*t 
he made to leach them how to behave. 

There are apparently those who suppose that it is impos- 
sible to he vulgnr in a Worth gown, or that an opera Imx 
is evidence of good breeding. Mr. Thomas was the true 
nrititrr eUy\intiaram wlten he slopped hi* orchestra in tbe 
midst of n symphony of Beethoven, and looking at a party 
whose noisy tattle disturbed tbe nndience, remarked quietly 
that he feared I he music interfered with conversation, fie 
was said by some inconsiderate critics to have insulted the 
tattling group. Rut the Insult did not come from the stage, 
and Mr. Thomas merely protected hi* audience. If some 
oilier conductor would show the same quiet courage- gig 
gling ami chattering in lire boxes would soon cease. But if 
good man item were required as the condition of occupying 
an opera box. said recently an indignant censor In the per- 
quelle, would all the boxes bo taken? 

IN THE SENATE. 

The Republican* in tire Senate have begun to defend the 
election bill, but Senator Stewart's speech against It is the 
most important Incident of the deltaic thus fur. Mr. Stew 
art reviewed tire history of lire subject. Including the de- 
bate In the Home upon the force hill of 1875. In which Mr 
Hoar and General* GmriKi.n and Hawley trad other emi- 
nent Republican* opposed tire bilL Senator Haw lev rested 
Ills opposition to the Lodue bill mainly upon the ground 
that in Ihe present stale of public opinion it could have no 
other result than the aggravation of tbe evils which it sought 
to remedy. 

Tire law could not be executed without force, hut the Sen- 
fttor s»ld the wholo history of such attempted legislation 
showed that fifteen years ago tbe country would not sustain 
such force, and, in bi« opinion, it would still leu support it 
now. Senator 8rooino, in his speech in favor of the bill, 
said that it was shocking to think iliui the fact that a com- 
munity m unwilling to allow certain citlren* to vote should 
tie urged ns a reason for not protecting their right to vote. 

But Senator SrooxKlt secured not to understand the point 
of Senator Stewart's argument, which was that in the- sit 
uniinn of tin? Southern districts force cannot prevail against 
public opinion to secure vote*, in the presence of such 
opinion the colored voters will not attempt to vote, because 
llrey know that they will suffer in a hundred ways. But 
as Mr Stewart says that this opinion is tern hostile every 
day. why interpose nn actiou which will exasperate lire 
wlmle situation? Force undoubtedly stand* behind till legi* 
latlon. hut wlren neither legislation nor force will produce 
any result Imt bitter feeling. It is a public wrong to per 
»l«t. This is undoubtedly tbe view of several Republican 
Senators. rj ^ ^ 

KILKENNY. 

At the first trial at the polls in Ireland Parnell has lo*L 
Them arr lire usual explanations of the result, It w«* due 
to Ihe priests. i( was tire moat Inutile of district*; Ihere 
were lying and clreating. and. In any event, it is not very 
significant The fact*, however, remain. Parnell threw 
himself into the controversy with passionate ardor, lie 
used every possible mean* of success tlut lie could com- 
mand. and Ire was lieaten. Hail he succeeded he would have 
claimed that Ireland was with him A* he failed, hr says 
that Ireland is yet to express herself. He will continue lire 
fight, and lie will yield only when the will of Hie people is 
ascertained 

The effect of tire situation on the Irish cause hire liern ob- 
vious from the beginning. Parnell throw* the blame 


upon the leaders nf tbr Irish party who threw him over. 
Hut suppose they had stood hr him, whnl would be tire eon- 
dilion of the cause to-day? Success i» and has always been 
Impossible without lire English alliance. Mr. Gladstone, 
who better than any oilier man know* his party, said to 
Parnell that tittle** he redgued tire alliance was at an end. 
If Parxbli. laid acknowledged that fact and had with 
drawn, the entree would liave ls>cu all lire stronger. Hi* re- 
fined ruptured lire party, anil llw " hopelessness of tire 
I r tdi i* to-dny the dominant feeling in England. 

Parnell has forced a choice between himself ami Ire- 
land. 'If the result nl Kilkenny had hern different, it would 
not lutre avniletl. If rvrry district in Itrlsiid should pro- 
nounce for Paunkll, it would not renew the English alli- 
ance. and no English lender could ever trust Parnell 
again. The suggestion of compromise with him is idle, 
Thoae who are willing to make term* with Paiinki.l could 
not reach any understanding with English statesmen. He 
bos irretrievably injured for tbe present tire Irish cause. 
He ha* dune wbut Bai.Fih it could not do, and tire work of 
Irish booicrnle tuusl lie taken up aguiu from lire begin 
King. 


PERSONAL. 

Dr. R. Wei it Mitciiem. whose authority as a nerve 
physician is indisputable, seems to mm ru vert in his Ilia 
Ids own theories ii|iimi "wear and rear." His literary 
work tills the interval* in his professional la hors, ami th« 
seat with which lie pnrsmw lioih avocations would seem 
ruoogli to wreck the nerve* of nn ordinary man. 

—Tire oldest soldier hi Klinqi* until recently was Victor 
ZaMKRILI, an Austrian. Hr died a littlo w hile ago, after 
having been in service for eighty-f wo yeans. 

—The Czar of Kiimiii is au enthusiastic collector of old 
hooks. 

— A new departure in woman’s work has been made 
by the Misses Mkari.K mid Gorton, of Chicago, wlto have 
organ i/rd a publishing Hrtu. Both Indie* are young, and 
one tin* flail some experience as n iiewapit|>er writer, while 
the other lias done illttsiraliug. 

-Mrs. Tihhi.KX. Is-tter known as “ Bright Eyes’* who 
has been sent among rite fmllniis by a Western paper to 
investigate the rattses of their discontent, a 111 rum that in- 
competent interpreters are res|MUisihlc for n great many 
of the wild and absurd alutenient* credited to Indian or- 
ator*. As she is Itersclfan Indian, and an educated woman 
a* well. site Is peruliuriy fitted fur the work she has under- 
taken. 

— The writer who has been dear to children's In-arts for 
ninny years under the pseudonyme of A. I-O. K. (A Lady of 
England), and whose real name is Mis* Tt'CEKIL i* a Imsy 
worker among the zenanas of northern India. Him ia said 
to lie a charming old lady, and to Un dn voted to Iter miaaion 
work 

Tlte greatest philanthropist in Kuropn is said to bo 
Baron lllllMH. lie has given tfi.INJO.IlOO |o the ramie of 
education in Galicia, and lias had his oiler of ||ll,lsgl,UUO to 
the schools of Russia declined, because Ire coupled with it 
the condition Hint ill it* use no distinction nf race or re- 
ligion should lie Disserved. His latest plan is to transport 
half n nillllim Iboninli Jews to the Itivi-r Platte. An at- 
tempt wits recently made by the I'ritn-o of Wab-a to hi- 
trodnrn the Huron to the Nnldes' Club tit Hmln-lWfa. hot 
the Hungarian aristocracy tire said to bam been deeply 
offended hy the suggestion. 

— F. T. pAUittAVR, of Golden Treasury " fame, hoe Jnst 
entered npon his second fire, ycuivt* term nn Profewir of Po- 

ctr>' »* Oxford. 

Aiming tho lte*t patrons of the second-hand tiook- 
stores in Lomlon Is Mr. Gl.AlnvTii.VK. Me i* foud of buying 
1 moks concerning NiiaEKskv.aRk'h life or works, and al- 
though he buys largely, u said to always Insist upon a dis- 
count for the cash payments lie nstiully makes. 

-Miss E. OT if KEY, a young woman nlwiui twenty years 
nld, is one of Ihe largest importer* of and dealers in wild 
animals in this country. She Is the dailghrer of a Dublin 
drnggist. and hit- a natural liking for the bnsiitere. Miss 
OTHWV is not llto first of her »r« to enter thl* calling, 
for some of till* most ■.nrc.-s.In I dealera in birds and auiaialt 

— Tire rvinniiis of ziir John Koknm, the eniincut English 
sculptor, who died smlilenly the olhet day, are, hy lire 
Queen's *|reciul command, to teat hi the crypt of St. Pnitl's 
Church. In the Inal twenty years only eighteen bmvals 
hnve taken place there, while at Westminster Aldrey In tire 
lust twclity-sevon years they have averaged one a year. 
Front 101*11 to |HUt» one thousand and thirty-nine mtenirenls 
took place at Westminster Aldrey.and since then they hare 
niimln-iwsl only one hundred and thirty. 

- Srrasti Huj. was one •■fa few Sioux Indians who 
con lil write in English, lull autograph limiters Irad to pay 
a rnniel slim for hi* signature. 

—Among the many gift* which rame to John G. Whit- 
tier oh his recent birthday was n barrel of pitch-pine 
kindlings from tho Whittier Colored School at TusraUNm*. 
Alalmma. 

— Rose Terry Cooke waa a cotiaiu of lire late General 
Alfred H. Terry, and the two grew up together aa chil- 
dren nt Hartford. 

—Hie Knipma Et'cftMK is said to have been a heavy 
iuvostnr in Noiith-Atnenran seeuritlsw, mid to have lost 
largely by the recent depreciation in them. 

General It. F. HlTl-Eii announce* that lie lian retired 
from practice in Ilia criminal emitta. 

— GtsoiMiR William Wahiien, the well-known organist 
ami cmn|Mnu>r, says Unit the writing »f chnreli music is 
largely n lalnr nf love, lie Iw-gan rompiaung over forty 
years ago, uml kns piiti)i«lred over one liimdr-d works, 
bill the royalties lie receives from tbem form a eoni|uira- 
lively small part of Id* Income. Dr. WaIiiiRN wnu bunt iu 
Albany . ami hi* father tried to nmki- a hardware dealer 
"f him till the niasiral iMstinel ia the hid asserted Itself. 
Besides playing the organ in M. Thomas'* Church in thia 
city, nml directing the music of the parish, |»r. \A in hen 
leetmcs nt t'oliiuilda College, nml Ini* enough pupils to 
keep Inui busy tire re*t of the tinm. 



E 


ARLINGTON SUS- 
PENSION-BRIDGE. 

For a long time there 
bM existed an urgent need 
that a bridge lie built al 
WmU||IHi l> a, i" 
connort the public grounds 
o« both aide* -if the Polo- 
id sc River. The Potomac 
Plata and tbe con netted 
public ground* »«t of 
and including the Capitol 
contain about 1190 ncrw 
of laud. Their are aliont 
HIM acres across tbe river 
in Ui« Arlington property. 
Tbe tiro existing croas- 
Inga, the Long llrldge nud 


ford indirect and i 
Veulent menna of passing 
from one tract to Uie nth 
er. A* early li 1(S*0 the 
eeoac of this nnd of a 
nrorv direct postage trrini 
the Potomac found ex- 
ioti in a Senate rnso- 
jution of May Mill of Ibat 
yvwr. culling "i.n tbe Secre- 
tary of War for a report 
on the expediency of con- 
structing a government 
bridge, with a Mill able 
draw and approaches, at 


near the fool of New 
York Annui’ nr New 
Hampshire Avenue. In 
response to that report 
plan* of a drawbridge, 
prepared by Lieutenant 
Colonel IVwr C. Ilains, of 
ll»e United Slatea Corps 
of Engineers, were sub- 
mitted 10 the Senate. 
This design provided for 
a roadway 94 feet wide 
and two aidcwnlka of 9 
feet each, giving a clear- 
ance of 2-4 frrt from tbe 
surface of I he water to 
Um lowest member of the 
bridge. Such a bridge 
would not seriously ob- 
struct navigation, and it 
would cost only about 
$0*1.000 

It vu *nnn evident that 
a drawbridge. or a struc- 
ture of any kind liuill for 
Utility alone. wa» not a 
suitable erection for this 
locality. A drawbridge, 
moreover. I» Ruble to get 
out of order, and tbe 
opening and shutting of 
tbr draw interfere with 
public travel. But tbe 
only other kind of bridge 
which would not in some 
degree otntruct naviga- 
tion must b« built with a 
clear height above the 
watrr of ISO foot, in order 
to admit tbe paatage of 
large w wh without re- 
quiring them to lower 
tlH-ir topmast*. Such a 
height for a bridge in the 
locality Mfccteri is out of 
tbe question, on account 
of tbe great oral of sm:ii a 
structure, and the sleep 
grades UnU it would nc- 
c-esailale In the approach- 
es. To nnwi tlte nbjee- 
tlons to a draw bridge, 
and nt the same time 
bring llie cost of one 
without a draw within 
reasonable limit* require 
that the bridge be draigt 


Tbe feeling that a ana 

K nuon - bridge was the 
rm of structure required 
was shown in a Senate 
resolution of February 
90. 1880. directing the 
Secretary of War to ex- 
amine and report In the 
Senate, wait estimate*. on 
the most suitable kind of 
bridge with approached, 
from a point nt or near 
lira foot of New York 
Avenue arrm the Po- 
tomac 111 * er to a point 
on Uhi United Stales Na- 
tioual Cemelery grotinda 
at Arlington, w» a* to 
connect In the best mnn- 
•tiblie grounds 
dp* of llie Po- 
tomnr River. Tbe Itrldg* 
required under the terms 
of the revolution is ooe 
that will afford easy ami 
aafe passage for vehicle* 
and pedestrian*. and at 
the same time not mate- 
rially ohalroet navigation. 
The plans of a sustiea- 
sion Itridgv submitted by 
Lieutenant Colonel Ilains 


the 




VOLUME X^K, 2f 0 j 


in response to (be second 
Senate resolution demon- 
strate that the lino of 
New York Avenue ex- 


tended. striking tho river 
at Uie Naval Observatory 


.’(no viuHuiiiuiqr 

grounds, about midway 
between tbe I»ng Rridge 
and tbe Aqueduct Ilridgc, 
or a locution very near 
this one, is by far tbo 
mint desirable position 
for tbe structure. It i* 
the shortest route from 
any point along the shore 
line of the District to Ar- 


got 


iglon Cemetery, and It 
believed by tbe distill- 


guiahed military engineer 
who designed tbe plana 
that there are no engineer- 
lug difficulties in the way 
of Its locatluo alibi* point. 
Tim aiquoucliea on each 
end will be on govern- 
ment land, to that the ne- 
cessity of paying lund 
damages will not occur 
to increase the cost of tbo 
structure or cause litiga- 
tion. 

In Uie designed suspen- 


jwuy 


above the water ii 
clianiirl is to lie I Oft fort ; 
tbo river span to lie 1100 
feet, and llie two shorn 
span* 053 feet each. Tbo 


will be pn masonry, arch- 
ed viaducts, and emlmak- 
rannta of earth hutpen- 
slon rabies of steel will 
paaa over two granite tow- 
era. each about 210 feet 
high, pierced w 1th ttrcbetl 
o[ieuings for roadways, 
ami be nuebored into 
masses of masonry at tbo 
outer end of each ap- 
proach. The grades on 
the central span will bo 
V fret per 1(«: on tbe 
shore s|ums. 3 S fret per 
JU0; and on the approach- 
es, 4 f««< |wr 100. Tit* 
extreme width 
bridge will be about 54 


vehicles 24 fret wW 
tbe chur, and two side- 
walks for prdrstiions, 8 
feet cecii In width Dr 
end vibration is to h 
prevented by a system r. 
ties extending nut from 
the sides of the lower*, 
and vertical vibration by 
means of llie four trusses 
Tbe live load Hist such 
a bridge could susiuin 
would he 70 pounds to 
the square foot. The 
clear taught of 10ft fi-ct 
above water level will al- 
low tbe large*! four mart- 
cd schooner* to reach 
Oeorgetown by lowering 

their topmasts. It U at 
rare Intervals that a *rs- 
m-I of this class appears to 
this bartmr, and the great 
majority of vessels that 
sail these waters can pare 
under the bridge without 
Inconvenience- Tbe s(«n 
of 11(H) feet practically 
leaves the full width of 
tbe river unobstructed 
Isilb to navigation nod to 
the free How ..f tbe water* 
of like Potomac. 

Tire picture of Ibe sus- 
pension bridge ns it will 
ap|ienr on completiim la 
a perspective view mad* 
' drawings nermu- 


a report on the 
bridge. Three drawings 
are dt-rigix-d to show the 
general character of sack 
a structure. Its outline*, 
general effects, ami to co- 
alite an approximate com- 
putation to Is- inude of 
the coat, which i» esti- 
mated to be $1881. 000. 
Ry reducing the width of 
the bridge to 40 foil, mak- 
ing the roadway 24 feet 
wide instead of 94. a re- 
duction of about g.VNl.OOO 
can lie made In llie r»tl 
mated cost, uud a furtlwV 
reduction of about $400,- 
000 could be mod* by 
building the apprcocbei 
on iron tru*fcs resting a* 
masonry pier*. But these 
tnuilllVcntlon* would de- 
tract front tbe dignity of 
tint structure, and would 
not harmonize with llie 
architectural features of 
other parts of the work. 


Digitized by 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 




■ ’'tt *•»■* a 


JAN LAKY 3, 1891. 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 




tized by Google 


THE THREE SENATORS FROM IDAHO. 

In accordance with (lie act of Conger**. President Harri- 
«“n approved l In- .ninn— u.ii of Idaho Into (In- Union nn (lie 
8«l of la*i July, anti (tie Territory Itecnmc a fuH-flrilgcd Stale. 
TIk? Stale odiitn were ilcclnl <m October l»t. nml alien (lie 
Legislature convened a frw week* later ■•lie of the first duties 
of ilial body wa* (o elect United Slate* Semilor* li> npiewnt 
their nrw Male in C'nngrea*. For Hie first time in ilio histo- 
ry of (be Unilixl Slate*, armrding to competent authorities, 
three Senator* ucre U> be elected, one «>f whom wu* to nerve 
until (lie end of (lie prraent Congress. hi* term expiring on 
March 4. 1801. the other two nerving for four awl *ix year* 
respectively. The tir*l two Senator* elected Were to till the 
existing vamnrir* In (lie present Coogre** and (lie third can- 
didate *•• to have the «lx year term beginning next Mnreli. 
With this undemanding the legislature of Idaho met in 
joint *ew*lnn. and on Dceeinlier IHlb elected George L. Shoup, 
»V. J, McConnell, and Fred T Du bob a* iltelr rvprwcuitativcti 
to the Senate of the United State*. An agreement vra* en- 
tered into that day hy the two first named that Coventor 
Shoup aboiild hare tlic »]inrlr*t term, hut later drspwirlira 
•late that llie matter cannot be definitely nettled until they 
tube their acatn in VYunliingtoti, when tin v will lie (ihligrd to 
draw Urta. an has been tlir cuitnm in nil previous instance* 
when two new Senators have l«een neater! for the flret time 
from one of the recently admitted State*. Mr. Dubob is 
elected for six year*. 

George Laird Shoup wa* born in Klltanning, Armstrong 
County, Pennsylvania. on J uoe 15, 1830. Freeport and Slate 


lick, of the same State, were hi* enrfjr place* of rc*idcnco, 
and in 1854 he moved with hi* father to llltuoU. He there 
lived in the vicinity of Galesburg, and for »ix years was on. 

K ited In stock farming until the gold discoveries at Pike * 
ak became known. Stnrting for the new El Itomilo lu 
the fall of 1HW, he reached there in the spring of the follow- 
ing year Mining and e»mm«rcial Interests occupied him 
until the breaking out of thr war. and disposing of bln prop- 
erty. lie at once enlisted lu the company of Independent 
fk-oiita of Colorado Volunteers, under command of Captain 
Backus. He received a Second I Acute mini'* romimmi.in In 
tlw fall of tins name year, and was engag'd during the Winter 
of 1NBI-2 in the Indian country, upon the Arkansas and 
Platte rivers. Ill* company an* transferred to Fort Union. 


New Mcxk-ixin April.IM13.niid 
he held the noalof commanding 
officer of the artillery at that 
place for a short lime, until 
relieved hy a regular officer. 

After till* lie wu* engaged In 
arouthig cxpeditlonx. ansi earn- 
ed high praise from hi* sti|«e 
rior* in command. He received 
the title of First Lieutenant in 
1*14. mid later mix promoted 
to the Colonelcy of the Third 
Colorado Cavalry, which rank 
he held at the clone of the w ar. 
lie wna oik- of tl*c early aelllera 
In the Territory of Idaho, niul 

X ned a »tore of general ntrr- 
ndlae in Salmon City, situ- 
ated in Upper Salmon Valley 
This was in 1*16. and front 
tlial time Iw lia* been promi- 
nently Identified with the ail 
vaocement of Idaho and all her 
interest*. He frequently dc- 
cllncd the partition of Territo- 
rial Delegate to Congress, tail 
was prevailed upon hy the pen- 
plu of hi* county to accept a 
M*at In Ute Terfitsirlal House 
of Representative* at the tenth 
session of the Legislature, and 
also to nerve In Ute I..-gblntiv« 

Council of the twelfth session. 

Being one of the lx«t known 
and renal popular men in the 
Republican jxirty of I lie Terri- 
tory. he was urged a* Governor 
upon the election of President 
Harrison, mid wit* w> appointed 
on March 48. 1**S. He wa» 
also elected llie firel Governor 
of tlic Stale on Oclolter 1 . 1890. 
heating hi* ticket hy a large 
majority. Ho is regnriled a* 
one of'Ute moot able meu in 
the Slate, and hi* election to 
the Semite Is looked favonildy 
upon by all ritixen*. 

William John McCottuell, 

Governor Shoup'g colleague in 
the present Congress, is fifty- 
one years of age. having beeu 
born in Onklnnd County, Micli- 
igtui. in 1839. Hi* education 
was received at Amt Arbor and 
Lansing, covering a common- 
school ami academical course. 

During till* lime lie taught 
school in order to accomplish 
hi* purpose. In HUM lie went 

to Ncvailn and California, driving a team aero*" the plnim, 
and went Into mining. Three year* later hr moved to Idaho 
Territory. and took up gardening, returning to California in 
n abort time. In 18.1 he went to Oregon, nml engaged in 
business at North Ynnililll and The Dalle*. During the 
great Senatorial fight when Senator Dolpli was elected, Sir. 
MeCnnuell was President of the Oregon State Senate. In 
1879 he established a large mercantile husinea* at Moscow, 
Idaho, still maintaining lii* residence In Oregon, hut Inter on. 
when hi* desire was uccnmpllxhcd by the election of Senator 
John II. Mitcbdl. the previous opponcut of Senator Dolpli. 
Mr. McConnell moves! to Moscow altogether, and huill a 
rr*hlrncc there. in which lm mill live*, lie was at one time 
Deputy United Stale* Marshal of the Territory and wax a 
member of (lie recent CooKtltulioonl Convention, and one of 
the active worker* in Washington when the Idaho delegation 
worked for adtnktlumv- to the Union. Mr. McConnell repro- 
sent* the northern part of the State and it* interest*, ami Id* 
claim* in the Stale Legislature were very cloacty pushed hy 
•not Iter candidate from the same district. 

Fred T. Dulini*. who will enter the Uni tea States Senate 
at the beginning of the next Coturreaa lor six ymm. was 
ltorn in Crnwfora County, Illinois. May 29. 1851 111* father. 
Jew K. Dulwi*. wa* a well known personage In the State, 
fnmiliariv called *• Uncle Jesac. " nud a warm friend of Presi- 
dent Lincoln'*. Fred T. Du Ixii* wa* a younger son. and 
after a public school education at Springfield, went to Yale 


College, from which be gmdunird in 1872, He tlten entered 
llie house of J. B. Farwell A Co. as a clerk, and afterward 
wa* appointed to a position in the State Auditor'* office. 

_ _ He quickly showed n remarkable ahility for politics, and 

North Ynnililll and The Dalle*. During the beforo long hectune Secretary of the Board s.f Railway mid 
— “ — ■ — •»-»-*• - — - -i — *—■ vi. Warehouse Commixsiouer* in Illinois. Bring obliged to re- 
tire on account of III lieallh. he returned to his home until 
1880, wltcn bo started for Blnrkfoot. Idaho He nt once 
fttarttd in hy taking a herd of cattle to Cheyenne. n u<| wna 
afterward employed nl llie Fori Hall Agency until I8M4, 
when be wn* appointed United Slate* Mnrshall for the 
Territory. He became Idi ut tried with theantl Mormon |»rty 
in southeastern Idaho, nml hi* record in endeavoring to sump 
out polgamy in that State b exceedingly credit able. Ilia 
fcarlcRsnc** in proceeding In the matters agaln-t the Mor- 
mons brought him into prominence, and lie wn* elected 
Delegate to die Fiftieth Co f tt a au He also served In the 
iirrM-nl CoDgrem in the same capncily until tlic enlrunce of 
Idaho Into lire Union. Mr. Dubois ts* a man of greul popu. 
Urity. and wa* the almost tinanimott* choice of bis joiiy 
far the high nRlce which lie wn* chrwn In fill lie is a 
young man. but has given evidence of broad nml (Irm view*, 
and ba* shown a capacity for managing which fit* him at 
a leader. Hla election is well received hy the whole Stale, 
and tire people whom lie re-preaents are confident in hi* 
ahility to perform good hooeat work ill tlic United Stale* 
Senate 


THE THREE SENATORS ELECT FROM IDAHO. 




6 


HOSPITAL SATURDAY AND 
SUNDAY IN NEW YORK. 

If then? Is one feature of our modem civ- 
ilization which more Hum another di-lin 
guiahe* it over all former period*, it I* the 
enlarged •Tinjiatby with which lint wealthy 
and the cultured regard their poorer and less 
fortunate fellow men mid women. It h un- 
deniable Hint much of tkb to tin* direct effort 
of Christian eultutr and I niching. and though 
men d'luhtlo* mrted the part ol lint giaaJ 
Samaritan before .leaiw proclaimed hi» mm 
sage of never and good will uu eurtli. there 
an- hut lew w ho would feel dbpuscU u* deny 
that nrurl v all Ihut i» elevating and pure and 
merciful in our w-orid of today In the out- 
come of Hut event which wan criebmlrd on 
Thursday all over the civilized world. 

Tlkougli apo radio, unsyiitcinatlwd charity 
existed hi all age*, the hospital at least mar lo 
regarded a* an institution peculiarly ( hrto- 
tiari lienee the appropriate neia of hniiiii.' 
special effort* made at Uiis season of tire year 
in behalf nf such institutions To the -y m- 
pathetic and hind, who remember how many 
of their Suffering fcllow-liring* are annually 
relieved nr cured in them to the nirdiutl 
luan. wlm know* luiw rniK'h his curative art 
ia aldxl hy the clinical experience gained 
witliin tlicir walls; nod to the general public, 
who receive either directly or indirectly the 
adrantagi-* which they bwtow. hi»|»tnl* can- 
not full to be retarded with a feeling ap 
preaching to sacmlness 

However open the amniripil government 
of New York may tat to adverse- criticism, 
neither It nor the people of the city have l*-*-n 
dctelii t in dutv to the |wior and tin* suffering. 
Probably no city In tlx- world is latter pro- 
Tided with hoapttnto and certainly in no other 
dly are llrey more limply equ>p|M<l with all 
that Is reunlslto for the treatment and cure of 
the suffering, or more lllierally supiurtwl by 
public grant* mid private benevolence* 

The scheme nf taking sprcisl eollertion* 
for the hospitals on the last Sunday of the 
year was tlr»t Icguti hy the Protestant Elds 
copal Church in 1X74. and met w itli such a 
gratifying success that It w us finally proposed 
to enlarge the ephere of operation* hy extend- 
ing tlie work of collecting to other driiotni 
itet tons. Pursuant to n resolution adopted 
at a general conference of prominent dergy 
men n ml invmen of tlie Prirtmtunt Epi*i'u|ul 
Church lie id In December, 1W7H. n general 
Conference wo* held at Hi Luke'* llmpilal in 
January. 1H7V, which was attended bv tepee- 
•enUtlvrs of thlrtMB city hospital*, and by a 
Considerable numbnrof representative clergy 
men of various denomination*, and other in- 
vited guru* At thi* meeting it wn* deter- 
mined to establish a general Hospital Satur- 
day and Sunday collection, and a committee 
wo* appointed with Mr George Mai-iuha-h 
Miller ns chairnmn Thu* constituted, the 
work w»* begun, anti the first collection in 
1879 amounted to orcr ♦26.000. At a meet- 
in g which was held in IBM, wh it mi* before 
hut n mm ml t tee was organized Into an auo- 
cialion deaignaled a* The Hospital Saturday 
and Snndav A nor lat Urn of New York City, a 
name hy wlilrii it has been known ever since 
This asaoetolioci now rmlmtn thirty ho*, 
pltais, sonic of llivui geoural Mid other's -js- 
dal In their eliararler. and eovrring every 
Irraurh of medical and surgical science The 
general collection Is divided among theta oil 
tlie laufc of free treatment giren timing thr 
preceding yewr to the suffering poor. Tire 
statement nf income and expenditure made 
hy the hospitals to Hie association to serve as 
a bash for distribution furnish** iiImi u means 
nf companion of management, which has had 
lire salutary effect of ititnslucliig belter iirellt 
ods and wiser economies into the various hos- 
pital*. 

During lire past year tire associated Ims 
pita]* cared for upward of 14, (MM) liesl |w- 
tients, of whom 10,500 were free [Mtient*. 
and also operated upon or gnve tnedienl aid 
to ISO, 000 free dispensary patient* Accord- 
ing to tire la*t complete rr|s>rts from the h«« 
pitaK the total exts-nse for this work during 
the year nmuiinlctl to ♦TiU X'i 28 To meet 
Ibis expenditure there was nri iurotne from 
Invretrd funds of 40. Irom paying 

S ilent*. *]W,2i»«4. and from lire dtv. 

If.TM Sff — leaving Hie sum of |80;j.O63 i‘i 
to he raised by Hie charitable public One 
means toward (wearing this end i* the Hiwpi- 
tnl Saturday and Sunday colUctlou*. 

To atill further enlarge thr- sphere of use- 
f nines.* In connection with the work in be 
half of the hoapiul*. last year the orpinic 
law of tire association was so clmtigrd us to 
render women eligible for membership. At 
the urgent request of Hie Executive Com- 
mittee of the usnorjntiou, Mr* Richard Irvin 
accepted the charge of sinning the move 
mmi for an auxiliary among the women of 
New York. In re-jeui-e to an InvitnHon 
•cut by Mr*. Irvin. II fly ladles. wIm> were in 
Uwratrd in charilahle work, met ul her resi- 
dence last April. A constitution and by laws 
were adopted, and the following elected ns 
officer* for tire rnsuing year : President, Mr* 
Richard Irvin; {Secretary. Mrs. Edmund L. 
Bay llo< . Treasurer, Mr-’ John A. I.owery; 
and Executive Committee. Mr* .1 IV Mm 
tiirn, Mr* II Muuroe. Mrs. John W. Auchin- 
clow. Miss i 'harlot le Wluthrop and tire Pres 
idem Statistics are not now available us to 
the financial suceesn attending the effort* of 
the Woman's Auxiliary, but that it will bo 
Mich ils to materially augment the funds at 
the disposal of the association acurvclr admits 
of a doubt In a ronvenuitloii held with the 
General Agent of U»« association, Mi Erode r 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., SO. ini 


ick F.Cook, be told me Ibnt one of the ladies 
of the Auxiliary remarked that she would 
look upon a refusal from a gentleman to con- 
Irihulc as a personal affront. While the jus- 
tice of such a conclusion could hardly he de- 
fended. still it is unquestionable (hat many 
women would look utxin the matter as tier 
eoiial. ami he who had the temerity to refuse 
would la- regarded a* not only uncharitable, 
but churlish as well. 

The comprehensive character of the work 
of the association is shown at a glance in the 
highly appropriate and exquisitely designed 
illustration* hy Mi*. Jessie Curtis Shepherd 
ncoim|>a>iyitig this sketch. The object aim- 
ed *t lit the Huiurdny and Sunday and other 
eolleetinii* I* displayed in the ceiitral group, 
representing a h-nulr nurse attending a pa 
llent In St Luke's lluapltnl. HiIb iu-.tltuiii.ii 
living singled out. not only a* one of the most 
ImporUinl, Iwil also a* that in whose behalf 
Ib-pit .l Sunday collection* were ttret taken 
uj) in this city. In the subsidiary group*. 
lliMpttiil Sutimlisy and Sunday in Temple 
Emanuel and Grace Church respectively 
show Imw people of widely divergent rell. 
glou* belief- call hecutne United ia Is-bidf of a 
oolde eliaritv. while the eolloctioe box at the 
elevated railway station lakes in tire gr-m-nil 
public, and lu a language mute though clo 
qnent to the eye, urges the unirrmliiy of 
Ihu claim of the wretched and tire suffering 
to the comuiio-riidnn aud iiMistaucv of Utose 
more fortunate than tlu-mu-lrcs 

Ab Implied above, the Hospital Sunday 
eollertion i- taken in theciiurdievon Uie last 
Hiiudny of the year, ami Hie llospitnl Hutiir- 
day oollectkui tu the synagogue* on tire nre- 
roling Hiitniday HovVnbeii dononihiallons 
contri Imtrd to tire fund last year a totai of 
♦iS.ttfti •«»... the Eplscojwliiiiis leading tire li-t 
w ith ♦IP.tVMI UP, and the Pnwhytenana com- 
ing next w Itli f 11514 45. It to. however, prop- 
er to slate that the latter sum does not rep- 
resent tire collections of tlie Presbyterian 
churches in behulf of Hie hmpitato. as their 
eonirihution* for tills taiip. ». an- divided 
la'tween the aswinatinii Ixwpiials and other* 
The same is also doubt leva true of other «'ou 
trilmting doBomlnalioiv*. 

Tire result of hut Halurday's and Sunday s 
eoltocttona ran only la* coujis turesl. as It will 
lie some time before the return* are fully 
in. Nolwillislnnding the prevalent IluanrUI 
stringency, the member* of tire association 
expect the conirihulioiis to etptal in iiiihmiiiI 
those of the pres-edlng year; liut even were 
the sum smaller by a few Hioumnds than 
■hat of tlie year before, the deerrasr would 
Ire more appureot Ilian real, as spis inl aildi 
lional collections were taken in tire Episco- 
pal cliurrluu to meet the InrrciiHcd expense* 
tncUlentai to the epidemic of iiillueu/.a. 

Collection* in lire inules ami nroftwaions 
mid upon lire exclumire* are miuV through 
the medium of auxiliary nmoc tot tons and 
eornniitlces. or by mean* of sulHcriptioii lists 
scut to separate eslablishnieuts, (tiese li»t* 
numbering n bruit :Pimm> As an Inducm-cnl 
to rmploters and employes to sreure their 
co-op* ration, the association offers free Los 
pita f tmUnn-nt to any eontribiithig r tnployo 
or any one mpiiriug such Irnslnirut who Is, 
recumiireiidcd by a coiiirilniting einployef . 
until lire entire uiumint cs.iitril.uted hv "any 
trade b exiuu*lcsl at the rale of acre dollar n 
day per p«tlci»t. The total of contribution* 
hy tire trades was U*t year f 1 0,376 ilil. and 
the entire auioiiiii from other wiutees thiui 
the churches f'-fx. 1 41. which, added to 

the denominational contribulicina, make un 
aggri gate of ♦37.0110 tilt 

The Ihwpltal .Saturday and Hunday collec- 
Hull has Ireen of InealcuUhle Iretieflt to tboii- 
sands of suffering humanity. *nd lias so 
largely inerrasrd the free hixpitnl « tv ice of 
New York city that since the Inception of 
the movement eleven your* ago It has practi- 
cally doubled. Still the service is far below 
what It ought to Ire to meet the city's nerds, 
especially in curing for consuniptlves oimI In 
iunit4e cases general Iv 

From Its Inception The Hospital Saturday 
ami Hunday Aanocinlion aimed at Intermit' 
ing the whole jieople in hiwpilal work, .ind 
w ith such a degree of mincers that now Chris- 
tian, Jew, und agnostic labor aide hy siiiu to 
the caminon cud of alleviating the sufferings 
■ >f afflicted humanity. Of course the mote 
t-hviou* effect of this enlarged sphere of hr- 
nevolent attlou baa been an increare in the 
urn. unit of tire un ui.nl OOHmUQM, whieli |rer- 
niilted n larger nunilx-r of pmir people Ireing 
treated gratuitously, hut the significance of 
lire effect prodirecii upon tire donors ami the 
general public Uimugb such a systematized 
charity should not he lost sight nr. 

However desirable It may Ire from tire po 
litiral ecoix.inUt's point of view llial- poverty 
should (w«. the various methods recoin 
mrmlrel by such from Malthtu down to 
lleliry Gmirge. even if nifficientlr prarlicu- 
ble to he attempted, would imM.1i Is quite 
certain, seeuiv mrli a desideratum The 
piM.r -hall never oewre out of the laud," mid 
such an Utopian condition of human Micretr 
as would throw tire active exercise of chari- 
table feelings into desuetude to not even con- 
tingent. But were it so. many of our high 
r«l typos of men and women never would 
become developed Into such a tiohllitv of 
character, through lark of n stimulus to evoke 
their sympathies 

It require* no deinonstiutlnn to prove to 
the kindly dl*po**| that " It t« more ble*w 
pd to give than to receive.' Dill those who 
usk. "Am 1 inr brother's kee[rerT'' know 
the degree of ideasuir to Ire derived freon 
ndnUtcring to lilt! accewiUes uf tlmr fcliow- 


nren, llrey would not defer for a moment the 
performance of actions wbich, while expand 
lug Ihdr sympathies In a natural und health- 
ful direction, would also result in a rorre- 
»|Ki|>dlug clevuliuu of rharaetcr The value 
of (lie petsonal coosHonsnewa of a good work 
done should not lie lightly estimated. Thu 
CoriHcioilsjiess is Hie reward of those whose 
unsciffsh efforts ctmtriliuu- to the support of 
iuslltutious for the care um! tre-uUncnl of 
suffering humanity. N. Maumisalo. 



t U ARLES -TEW AUT rABKBUs 

THE DIVIDED HOME-RULE 

PARTY. 

At n<> time since the foundalhMi of the 
Nationalist purtv upon it* pri'M-nt basis by 
the late Mr I Butt in 1870 liare the pms 
peels of Irish home rule appeared more h«|re 
lew* tluri at the present moment, United, 
the Irt-ii pnrliutncutnry |«arty re-pn-M-nled a 
force in Briiisli politic*, a power u-blcfa it 
wus netressurv for lire gnveru merit to take 
Into consideration lieforc attempting to carry 
through any h gidaiioii Divided, as It now 
Is. Into two fuel Ion*, professing toward one 
anotlrer a hatred of such III tel w bitlemesa 
Hut it rusts into tin- shade all tlreir national 
animosity toward lire English oppremor. lire 
Irish |s*iiinmeniitry parly lines the weight 
x.nd lire importikiit iudireaee, tw ills direct ami 
indirect, which, until a few weeks ago. It wn* 
able to exercise in nil malteni eonn>« ud w Itli 
imperial legislulion und administration. Dis 



JtwnX M«C ARTHT. 


integrated, It can no longer enter into lire 
lists as a power for Hie sake of whose friend- 
ship It is worth makiDganr sacrifice, and the 
Liberal* have given urimistnlutile evidence 
of tbeir Inlention* to remove (be home-rubi 
doctrine fioni the prominent place which it 
occupied in their programme, and of relega- 
ting It to a very back seat if. indeed. 1 1 toy do 
not nUkiidi.n it altogether. They have an 
tiniiurrd llreir determination to Ireireeforth 
give preference to mailer* of English mid 
imperial interest. Instead of permitting Irish 
affairs to moiio|>oll/x- tbeir time, a* lias Ireeu 
thr cute during the (Mist four years, and all ef- 
fort* iri the direction of home rule will be 
suspended until the Nationalist party can 
onew mote present a united (rent, and become 
again a factor of weight In British politics. 

.is long ns tire Nationalist loader was able 
to di-po-e. Ul uu absolute manner, of the 



J»»S DILI ATX. 


eighty thtee vote* of lit* follower*, he rerwre** 
«d somrtlilng very niiich akin to the inlauce 
of [>owcr In Pari lament. In moioenta of 
crilk'iil struggle tail wren the t.mreivnllrr 
and I.iireral jtorties tire Irish votes have fre- 
quently been found worthy of pincliase by 
some concession tending toward Irish mi 
tononiv and by dis|a>sing of their voles in 
this manner, now to the Toty and now again 
to tire Whig*, hut always to Hie highest hid 
der. the Nniiotialtsls (swilil win IsMire rule, if 
not nil at cnee at any rale hit by hit It 
was tills Hut Mr Parnell had in view when 
Ire entreated hi* followers not lo |*-rnitt any 
consideration of public opinion in England 
to affect llirtr altitude tunani him. or lo let 


it create a division in thefr rank*, lb w 
plainly before lliem the fact that thrEudM 
will uever grant Imiiiic rule In Ireltni! u \ 
nutter nf equity and Judice, Imt only «<» 
of party policy. And bu offered l>- n»|p 
Ills treat ul Westminster aud to retire jr/.„ 
private life if the Liberal party would n-|u:e 
his withdrawal a* the price of a plnlre 
their part to transfer tire control of the' lug, 
eonslabulary from the Ini|H-ual authority to 
Hint of the lir-t aotnunmou* government t> 
tikhlUhed at Dublin on a home rule l>ui> 

Mr. Gladstone however, refused lo give w»» 
on this mint vital jioitit, and Mr. Panwii 
thervu|*Mi doclaresl Hiat under Uie cumm . 
statue- Ire wouhl slick to Ins peat, notwith- L 
-tiuidlug the dcmantls of the British Ltberlt I 
for hi* re-jgnatiun oil the grounds of perwm*', 
immorality. Ileadileil moreover. U tat if Mr 
Gtodstotu- ami hl« friend* refused any furtb-r 
dealings with the lii-h partv an long av be 
remuiurd ul ils Itcad, he would terminate thr 
it II Unci' which ho* exislnl for tire |iasl ftan 
year* between (In- English l.ilreraU and tin 
Irish Ikomc rulers snd |. -in.it lire toltet tn . 
recover tlreir frccdum and inde|tend(-nre of | 
aclhm 

Titmiog a deaf ear t» tin- sppi-uls of Mr j 
I'uriiell. alsiut half Hie Irish |varlininrntnrv 
party dreidrd to merlliee their lewder rather 
than lo forego any Irenrllls which might ui j 
innately Is- secured by u (Xintinuallou uf their 
tdltotiti- with Mr. (itod-Ume s friends Tlrey 
nissMiiingly -evered their ootitleclion with 
him and elected Mr Justin McCarthy a* 
tbeir chief In his si.-nd Tire remainder of 
the Nationalist party detrimlned lo contium. 
their adlre»ii.n to Mr Parnrll. Irish blood 
i« pruvnblally warm, and the split soon de- j 



T. X. IIKALY 


veh>|HNl into open war. which is now lieing 
mrrtod on with n bltternea* and animosity 
that afford* a grim Mttofacilott to nil thoaa 
English Tones who have all along asserted 
that the Irish were uulltud for •relf-govora- 
nii at. aii-1 tbs' home rule would result in tbr 
devastation tire Emrmld Islo by civil war. 
The struggle Irelween the rival factinna d 
the former Pnmidllic |s»tty rewclseil Its cok 
minnung point at Kilkenny on Monday, De- 
combrr 2!W, when each srt'Hoa put forward a 
rival ramlliliktv to nil Hi. viuwncy left t«v tlw 
death of Mr. Chuma:. < >n ing largely to the In 
duron of the Oilhollc clergy, the candidnW 
■d Hie anti Panirllite party Sir Joint Pop* 
llennrssy was elected hy a nujoiity of tuon 
limn a thi. ii*ii nd Hir John, who formerly sot 
in Parliament ns ii ( ntiscrvaiivc. bn* spent Hi* 



THOMAS SRXTOX. 


major portion of hi* life ns Governor of oo» 
or another of the Queen's rolnnha. whore lx 
acquired the reputation of being tlie most 
wrong headed ami quarrelsome man in th* 
service of the crown. Under the rircui* 
•tanceo. It t* peculiarly appropriate that h* 
should represent at V, eslmituter a conatitc 
rney that enjoy* the |s-culinr rvputntion of 

NeiUirr Mr. Parnell nor hi* followt-r* ap 
pear dismayed litr their defeat, and expntl 
full contldciitv of- ultimately driving tliu sep- 
aratist mrmber* of their l»rty out «»f every 



-•■Ii-:, 

one* eyea to the fact Uiat tire dtouJcnto ax 



JANUARY 8, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


rayed under the chieftainship of Mr. Justin 
McCarthy comprise tbo member* of rbo 
Nationalist party who are meat noted for 
their brilliancy ami individuality. Fore most 
among them u unquestionably John Dillon, 
who is now in litis city with his colleague, 
Mr. T. P. O’Connor, awaiting the (vault of 
Mr, W O'Brien’s interview with Mr. Justin 
McCarthy at Paris before ulleinpliitg to con- 
tinue their American slumping tour. Mr. 
Dillon, who commenced his career as a Til- 
lage doctor, entered Parliament in IBM), mid 
after swifting Mr. Pann-ll and Mr. Davltt 
to found Uir land la-ague, became the au- 
thor of tbe Plan of Campaign. Next in im- 
portance as a parliamentary' tactician is Mr. 
T. M llralv. whose confidential relations 
with Mr. Pnrnell. while acting as tin- private 
secretary of tliat gentleman. renders his pre- 
sent altitude toward his former employer pe- 



st* JOHN PU!>£ HEXXEftHY. 


culiariy irritating. It i* *»ul that only three 
men understood the Irish land bill of 1881 — 
Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Law. and Mr. Hoaly— and 
the famous I truly clause, introduced by his 
efforts. has proved the most effective portion 
of the act. His eloquence is marked by ait 
abundance of invective and much liiltrrnesa 
of expression Tire orator, however, of I lie 
party in Mr, Thomas Sexton, who can claim 
one of the Oral three places for eloquence in 
the House of Commons. Like Jtistiu Mc- 
Carthy, J. O'Kelly, William O’Brien. Tim- 
othy Harrington. T. P. O’Connor. and ex- laird 
Mayor Sullivan, ho Isa Journalist Most bit- 
ter ami dangerous of all Mr. Parnell's oppo- 
nents Is Michael Daviti, the ex weaver, ex- 
Fenian. and ex-convict. Noonecan read the 
story of his life without a feeling of horror of 
bis treatment in the DartmooMUid Portland 
convict prisons, and as one wlm has bravely 
suffered a hard lot on behalf of Ireland, the 
powerful and eloquent voice must always de- 
serve the nlleution and consideration of all 
true Irishmen. 


THB DRIVE IN A CURRICLE. 

When you get down to tbe true definition 
of a cnrm-lo, you will And that our great- 
grandfathers meant a vehicle on one pair of 
wheels, and drawn by a pair of hones. In 
the Warren Hastings epoch, when Ihu pago- 
da-tree had not (mid mohurs but diamond* 
on Its branches asking to be pulled, an Indian 
millionaire once gave a grand cnterlaioinvut 
at bis country house near Loudon. Just 
when the guests were given their txuffr. there 
came up a smart abower. and a curricle was 
ordered from the stables. Of course one 
vehicle for such an elegant assembly — the 
ladies in silk, brocades, and satins, the gen- 
tlemen in fluent attire— would not hare suf- 
ficed- But the nabob, standing at tbe en- 
trance of his mansion, simply waved bU 
hand, and said, " More curricles." Whether, 
answering bin behest, some hundreds of cur- 
ricles, each with its pair of horsrei, did actu- 
ally drive up to hi* front door, ha* not beeu 
positively asserted. It is sufficient to stale, 
however, that a certain idea of personal 
grandeur must be attached to a curricle, just 
as. later on. mundane respectability has been 
associated by Carlyle with giga. 

Curricles ‘flourished In England during the 
last third of the eighteenth century and the 
Aral twenty year* of this, and Istugucre car- 
riage builders supplied well-to-do people In 
the colonics ami the United States with these 
vehicles. In time live curricle lost one of 
its l torses, hut never exactly its gentility. 
Certain modifications in build, derived from 
Canadian sources later on. modi lied tbe curri- 
cle ao that it did not differ wntcrlnliy front 
the French one-home rnlrrinlrt. 

Mr de Thulsuup. who never commits an 
anachronism, shows a solidly built curricle, 
wilb a heavy axle, massive wheels, and how 
Bpring*. As to springs, we may have beeu 
more inventive to-day, but those old fit-h- 
iontst bow springs were not only everlasting, 
but. defying concussions and joltings, gave 
pent comfort to our great-grandinutbcrs. 
Notwithstanding tile rouglu-r road* of a 
century ago. when a vehicle was purchased 
from n reputable conch builder. Ihn supposi- 
tion was entertained that it would last a life- 
time. and so curricle* had an extended old age. 

The artist ha* mnxie a picture of a gentle- 
man and lady who are taking a drive in a 
curricle nbniit * hundred years ago. Tbe 
little tag of frill, just visible pendent from 
the driver's aleeve. murk* the dale, as do the 
big metal buttons on his cuffs, tho cape of 
bU box-vual, and the pointed hat with the 


buckle in it. Wlren you study costume, you 
will And many curious things. For instance, 
little decorative marks, uon-ciwes distinctive 
of the masters at olio time, have with years 
descended to the servitors; and so, in livery, 
the cuadunen and footmen of to-day wear 
buckle* on their hats and mrtal bullous iu 
their cuffs. 

It I* a fairly cold dov. The road is hard, 
not muddy, and the pond has a thin coating 
of ice over it, and m> the lady Is warmly 
wrapped up. and Iter bonnet, with lire volu- 
minous sides to it, keeps off the wind. Some- 
times tbe artistic sense is inclined to regret 
tire absence of tire women’s lug bat* of thu 
past, d In Oairuimro irpA. because they be- 
haved best as a lining frame for a lianuMirire 
head. Ha* not the driver chosen his oppor- 
tunity to ask a certain question, vowing (gen- 
tlemen In those days uever swore of their 
affection to ladies) that on her answer all Ilia 
future hope* depended? Meu ever were 
full of guile, and so he inis been wise, in se- 
lecting a fairly smooth bit of rood, for how 
could his “charmer "(charmer wiin the proper 
word i listen or reply to him If she MM 
Jolted? Just think liow then as now some 
trifling acridrui. a mere nothing, lias turned 
aside forever tbe course of true love. 

Tho lady has Irer eyes half closed, but 
her lips are partly open. Kite is very wide- 
awake in one sense, aod rather shinned in 
another, and yet tire talk had I men intimate, 
personal, ever since she had taken her place 
in lire curricle by his ride. There hsd just 
passed a curricle, and another might come, 
with more interruptions, and so with lire 
gentlemau It was now or never. 

It all happened in the year after tbe Revo- 
lution. and in lire week brlwixl Christmas 
and New- Year's.aud the whole scene baa beeu 
repeated many a time since then, notwith- 
standing the fart that tire last atom of the 
curricle has vanished long ago. 

This was tire ending or It all. Tbe drive 
hail commenced at that well-to-do neighbor- 
hood near the Bowling Green, where people 
who kept curricles lived then, and had liecn 
extended to a great distance, quite out of 
town, in fact, to a mansion situated as far as 
is Forty-second Street in tire New York of to- 
day. And now the lights in the house where 
tire entertainment was to be Ireld were vi*L 
ble. as it was dusk before their journey 
was over, for lire roads were not laid out in 
straight line* in those primitive time*, and 
then, as he had so much to *ay, he was in no 
hurry. As he held out bis baud for her to 
alight, there wa* more than a matter-of-fact 
pressure imparled by tire young woman’s 
taper Auger*; and so that very evening, when 
they danced together, the guests smiled plea- 
santly, and it was whispered how a marriage 
had been brought about by a drive in a cur- 
ricle. 


THE NEW PRESIDENT OP 
SWARTHMORE. 

Ho*. Wti.ua w Drm. kt Fori.nK, A M.. 
wire on December Isl-was elected President 
of 8worthmore College by the Board of 
Managers, was Isirn in the city of New York. 
November !!0. 184b. After preparation at 
Friends' Seminary, he entered Columbia Col- 
lege in 1805. graduating in the cliuu of *89, 
one year hefure Ids friend Seth Low. LL.D.. 
now President of the College, lie wss a 
member of tire Delta Phi fraternity. Presi- 
dent of the Pklloexlan Society, orator on 
Class Dsy. and Greek sahiiatorisn at tire 
Commencement. After leaving college, Ire 
entered lire Columbia Law School, ana was 
admitted to the bar before graduation. Ho 
finished tbe course, however, and immedi- 
ately look up tbe practice of law in New 
York cily, where Ire remained until 1878, 
when he removed to Richmond. Indiana. 
He continued In the practice of Ills profes- 
sion la that city until about three years 
ago. being one of the solicitors of the Pitts- 
burgh. Cmrliiiiail. and St. Lmil* Railroad 
Company, and a mendicr ol lire State Sen- 
ate. It vi as while bolding a seal in this body 
tliat he first became interested in the enure 
of civil service reform, in which lie lias since 
taken a promlueiil part. He introduced a 
civil *erv tee law. and soon after became tire 
organizer and Aral President of tbe Indiana 
Civil Service Reform Ajeocialion. In 1889 
Ire was chosen chairman of the special com- 
mittee of the Naiionnl Civil Service Reform 
League appointed tu luvrsligatc tire rumli- 
lion of tire Federal civil service and the 
operation of the reform law. Tbe oilier 
members of the committee are such well- 
known men hs Charles J. Bonaparte. Rich- 
ard II. Dana, Wayne MnrVcngh. and Shrr- 
muu S. Roger*. Tire committee, with head 

S inrtrr* in Washington. I* now investigating 
e CensuK Bureau and the classified service 
iu the various departments. 

Mr, Foulke, breidc* thus being a man of 
affair*, is a man of letter*. He is the nulbor 
of a work on tire growth and tendencies of 
Russian clvIHxaUon, entitled Mr* or .Stm nf 
and U now writing n biography of the late 
Senator Oliver P. Morton, lire war Governor 
of Indiana. Ho will bring to the presidency 
of Swnrihmore the hmiul knowledge and ex- 
perience of a man who lias been actively en- 
gaged in tire business of the world for years, 
beside* tbe learning and cultivation of a de- 
voted scholar. He Is favorable to athletic 
sports in railages, is interested in all tire do- 
ing* of the student*, and his administration 
is likelv to be active and progressive. 

William Hyde Appleton. A M., PhD. 
who has born acting president for a year. 




will, upon the inau- 
guration of President- 
elect Foulke iu Murcti 
next, resume hi* Pro- 
fessorship of tire Greek 
Language aod Liter- 
ature. which be has 
held for eighteen year*. 
His short adminlstra 
tom has been murki-d 
by a success which is 
aii hoDorlo himself and 
to the nallegp. 

A. M. Palmer. 


JUSTICE MILLER'S 
SUCCESSOR 


PMCSIDCXT n.tltKI- 
SOX lus treated the 
country to a surprise 
In appointing Judge 
Brown to the place on 
the Supreme Bench 
made vacant by Justice 
Miller's death It had 
lieen considered almost 
certain by Washington 
correspondents, and 
other pentou* who 
ought to be well in- 


for 


t Attorney 


receive the appoint- 
ment Judge Brown's 
name hail been under 
consideration by tire 
President once before, 
upon tho death of Jus- 
tice Matthews, and his 
rejection at tliat lime 
was too hastily inter- 
preted to mean that bis 
chances of elevation to 
the Supreme Bench 

nndeT tlie present ad- * JJ«t ■ 

ministration were not 1 

worth considering. 

Henry Billings Brown was ixirn in Lee. 
MiuMtcbuuelU. Mart-li 2. ISM. He entered 
the class of ‘58 at Yah-, and was graduated 
when only twenty year* old. lie afterward 
studied law. and moved to Ikelrolt. where he 
became no prominent a mendicr of lire liar 
that lie was appointed District Attorney. In 
1888 he was made Circuit Judge of Way ire 
(‘aunty, nml held that |xisition for about 
seven veiirs. Iu 1875 President Grant ap- 

r limed him Did riot Judge of tbo Circuit 
ourt of the United Slate* fur the Knstrrn 
District of the Sixth Circuit— a position Ire 
has held ever since. 

Owing to its geographical situation, an un- 
uhuhIIv large part of the cases brought before 
tbe District Court at Detroit are admiralty 
cases, ami in this branch of tire United Stales 
law Judge Brown is recognized ns lire very 
highest authority, It wub of Ids decisions 
in admiralty case* tliat one of the nblest Jus- 
tices of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, with tire full concuiTeiice of hi* col- 
leagues, once remarked, ' ‘ They need no re 
vision In this court of tire proper application 
of the provisions of law. ” Florida lii« learn- 
ing and acumen in this very delicate ami 
difficult branch of the law. Judge Brown is 
recognized as pn»M-«oiing a romprehrnxivc 
mind uud u dear judicial spirit that tit him 
for tire consideration of all clan** of coses 
likely to come before the court. 

Ilk* posalble that Judge Brown might buve 
readied tire Supreme Bench before if there 
hail not been another candidate from his own 
Stale at the linre of Justh-e Matthew*’* death. 
This gentleman, Mr. Alfred Russell, is said 
to have been urged at (hat time by Senator 
McMillan and oilier in- 
fluential men. The ap- 
pointment of Justice 
Brewer relieved the 
President of his difficul- 
ty in choosing lx-lwceii 
the two Detroit camli 
dates at tliat time. 

J udge Brown is a warm 
frieud of Judge Jack- 
son, hi* laic Superior 
Circuit Judge, and also 
of Justice Blalcliford, 
and Is well known by 
the Supreme Court, and 
by members of tire bar 
generally who practise 
Indore it. on account 
of bb frequent appear- 
ance* in Washington a* 
counsel lu admiralty 
case*. 

lu stature lire new 
Justice I* rather below 
tbe middle mm. lie i* 
stoutly built and of 
strong constitution; us 
appears from his por- 
trait, Ire is smooth- 
shaven, and la often 
thought to bear some 
resemblance in Mr. 

McKinley. 

Home year* since 
Judge Brown married 
Mrs. Pitts. Hie widow 
of a wealthy Detroit 
merchant. She is a so- 
ciety lewder at home, 
ana is likely to be in 
Washington. Their 


EXTRA PAT. 
o jwa lie (Inis' lot <*> >. 
'•Mar HU' MT iimiiiii.i.ii' 


city, at tire upper end of Jefferson Are 
There they have entertained elegantly, 
both are very popular at their burnt-. 


TO A DEBUTANTE. 

HY AUl B WKUJNGTOX BOI.UN& 
Bmixu fur her all the loveliest things 


Flowers, touched like lrer wtlh youth's 
splendid kiss. 

Blossoming in a world with naught at 
.Shielded by sheltering cure from Chris' 


Yet a* the gallic red. glittering tribute* a 
Tire bliss that k crowned with all hu 
for Id is*; 

I, who um old, and yet not »il. bring tl 
A slur even through tire sunny hou 

Sweet arc these duys, and sweeter yet 


Tbe coming days thy listening heart 


Yet If Experience uud Fata decree 
With all their brightness a few bur 
tours. 

I, who am old, and yet nut sad. bid tl 
Fear not, dear child, to trust the odran 
years. 


taking irronc. 

wsssursa jirku ot Dllirty 

wk, anil tn a 


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E ARPi 


8 



JOUAKKB8 iI’KTKK KENDI. . 



Jt'DAS iJOUAXN ZWIN K > 



OBERAMMERGAU.— (0>nn'n«f«# from front pagt.) 

Old tilings have passed away. all things are new. 

Kilt to the fathers' pledge the sons an* true. 

No chance of war. nor tidal wave of change 
Has ploughed its furrows past this mountain range. 

While perjured monarch-* from their seats wen- hurled. 
And trusts betrayed with hlood huvo drenched the world. 
On these p*mr |*-asants. all untaught, unskilled. 

Fell the rich billing of a vow fulfilled. 

Till, on the mountain-top, the handful sown 
Of precious grain, to such fair height has grown 
That while, from far, the wondering world looks on. 

Its golden fruitage shakes like Lelmnon. 

We sat in silence, twice two thousand souls. 

Our thoughts together fused like molten coals; 

Hound the vast theatre, through its open space. 

The summer sunlight fell and tilled the place; 

In the blue sky, fit background for each scene. 

Kose the encircling hills with pastures gi-een ; 

A Said Kith stillness wrapt us all about. 

And overhead the bints llcw in and out. 

A sudden stir then, with clear note and strong, 

Thu bright-rolled Chorus, bursting into song. 

Broke the deep silence with the measured strain 
Which keejw throughout the play its long refrain, 

To herald each new action and rehearse 
The Scripture story, wrought in stately verse. 

While groups symbolic place before the view 
Those ancient types, the figures of the True, 

Which deep within their mystic lines enfold 
All the New Covenant, blent with all the Old. 

In these rare groupings, posed with wondrous art. 

From every home the |H.-usunls take their |«irt. 

For each ami all, strong man or tender child. 

An act of worahip, pure ami umlcllled. 

Chorus and symbols Ik.iIi, twin streamlets, glide. 

Ity the main Drama's full majestic tide. 


The curtain rises: a tumultuous throng 
Fill the vast stage ; with shouting ami with song. 
And wealth of waving |mlms, they bring with them 
The Son of David to Jerusalem. 

He comes ns written in the prophet's roll - 
Meek, lowly, riding on an ass's foul. 

Alighting, now. he stands before our view. 

IIow strange the semblance and how strangely true; 
The pluyer is a peasant such was He, 

Working in wood — His trade was carpentry; 

The noble figure, wrapped in simplest robe, 

Might lit a monarch born to rule the globe; 

Beneath the parted locks, the oval face 
Seems a true type of Judah's lofty race; 

That face serenely sad, severely grave. 

With pity tender, with high purpose brave. 

A human Christ, the Son of Man is He; 

Jesus of Nuzareth, in Galilee; 

True son of Mary, yet by sin untainted. 


Till Mi 

The Man of Sorrows and with grief acquaint 
John s Limb of God, unblemished, without ^ 
Who sought His own and they received Him v 
Judah's fierce Lion, as. with knotted cord. 

He clears the Temple of its sordid horde. 
O’ertuma the tables in His righteous wrath. 
Drives the scared usurers from His royal pu 
And spurns the caitiff bund, whose knavish tn 
His Father's house a den of thieves has mad 
L-nder ami J/>rd, true heir of Israel's throne. 
Will He not make this kingly hour Ilia own, 
While haul hosannahs, in the market-place. 
Proclaim Him head of David's royal race! 



THIS CHOW SING WITH TllOttSn 


J 


Alus! Ilis hour has conic, hut not the hour 
Of Judah's throne regained, or earthly povrif. 
Scam* cease the plaudits when the baffled 
Of Temple traders, with their curses loud. 
Smarting with shame and wild with rage and 
Besiege the Sanhedrim. On willing ears 
Their cry for vengeance falls; the plot is Uil 
To seize the Nazarene, with Judas' aid ; 

The kindled flames by priestly craft are fed, 
Jesus is doomed— a price is on His head. 

Thu greed of gold, corroding all the heart. 

Is shown with vivid strokes in Judas' part. 
He hears the hag, at best u slender buard. 
And sits a welcome guest at Simon's board; 
There Mary kneels, intent on service meet. 
And pours the spikenard on the Master's fret 1 
Then, through the perfumed air, with sudden lud| 
The traitor sneers ami chides the needless wiw 
“This ointment sold, three hundred pence 
brought 

To feed the poor— what folly she hath wrouiV 
In calm rebuke the Master’s voice is heard: 

“ L-t her alone,” is His reproving word ; 
“Against my burial this good work shall I*. 
The poor ye always have-not always Me." 

For death anointed thus, He fearless goes. 

To face once more His unrelenting fues; 

He turns from Hetluiny, calm resting place. , 
Ami toward Jerusalem seta His steadfast f*» 
There have the prophets perished, there must SI 
Last of the prophets, die ou Culvury. 

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X 


9 



i* iKirfsrs on the village street, 
nil Son for one brief moment meet, 
more tender: while her pierced heart 
Is. 

rp foreboding, earnestly she pleads 
Mis coming doom. His opening grave. 

I is foes Himself lie will not save 
le calms her - must He not fullil 
u»t hitter end the Father’s will < 
c. through tears, we gaze, with stifled 

h, 

from Man- on His wav to death. 

? has shifted: in the twilight gloom 
Ire are with Him in the upper room; 
leal Presence, when the bread lie breaks, 
■cup Messes and of both partakes; 
i His heart what wealth of love is paired 
« chosen round that Paschal board; 
ited nearest, loved beyond the rest, 
is his hem I upon his Muster's breast, 
er ended, silently He moves, 

1 crest ministry, to those He loves, 
cly stoops. O sacrifice complete! 
led towel, at the traitor's feet. 

moves swiftly; from the Master's touch 
disciple flies, and with foul clutch 
v piece* grasps — the price of blood ; 
dlong swept upon the surging flood 
i rage, at once, with stealthy tread, 
s shade the Human hand is led; 

>ercd signal to the soldiers this: 
m ye seek is He whom I shall kiss." 
tile each weary, tail disciple sleeps, 
ight watch, alone, the Master keeps — 
of agony. At hist He cries; 
betrays Me is at luiml. Arise!” 
p speaks, that holiest shrine of prayer 
ith Homan spears, and Judas there 
■uugli the garden, and with serpent hiss, 
aster!” calls— betrays Him with a kiss! 


The perjured hirelings; swear His life away. 

Anil meet His claims divine with taunting cry — 
“What need of proof! Ye hear His blasphemy!” 
Soon the swift sentence falls: His doom must l»e 
A felon's death, which l'ilnte shall decree. 

“Not death! Not death!” then Judas wildly cries; 
“Condemn Him not to die. To sacrifice 
The Master's precious life I never meant. 

What have I done? Iletruyed the Innocent!” 

“See thou to that,” unmoved, the priests exclaim; 
And J udus, stung by guilt, convulsed with shame, 
Flings hack the shekels, anil with frenzied stride 
Hushes to death— an outcast suicide. 

At Pilate's bar the Homan’s proud disdain 
Fades into fears he strives to hide in vain. 

In this strange prisoner, friendless and alone, 

He finds a nature nobler than his own ; 

No (tulilcun cast in common mould. 

Kingly as Caesar, patient, calm, and bold ; 

He seeks no earthly crown ; His nobler aim 
To witness to the truth. For this He came. 

And “What is truth?" the startled Pagan cries. 
While Truth Incarnate stands Indore his eyes. 

No fault in Him he finds, hut it may he 
That Herod, lately come from Galilee. 

Can best adjudge, and so the soldiers bring 
The guiltless prisoner to that guilty king. 

Here He stands silent. Herod vainly seeks 
Some word or sign, but not n word He sjxtiks; 

The men of war, like raging beasts of prey, 

Torment the victim whom they dure not slay; 

As long foretold in prophecy ami psalm. 

They mock and jeer and smite with ojien pcdni. 
While He, ns sheep before the shearers dumb. 

Waits in meek silence till the end shall come. 

How strange a contrast on the stage is shown: 

The cunning tetrarch on his vassal throne, 

Herod, the "fox," as Jesus named him well, 

Who slew the Kaptist in his prison cell. 

Loud with coarse sneers, half jester and half brute; 
The Christ, immaculate, sublimely mute. 

No judgment llerud gives; with crafty skill, 
lie bows obsequious to Pilate's will; 

And now, once more, the weary prisoner stands 
Before his judgment-seat, and in his hands 
Trembles His fate. Feebly the Roman strives 
To save this life, worth all Judean lives, 

But now the jiriests have roused the people's rage. 
And once again a concourse fills the stage 
And rules the hour: the false and fickle crowd 
That yesterday, with shout and chorus loud, 
Welcomed the coming King; their vengeful cry 
Is not “ Hosannah ’’ now, hut •• Crucify !" 

“What! crucify your King! behold ilim there” — 

“ We have no king Imt Ca-snr !" rends the air. 



PETRI'S JAKOB II BIT) 



draws near. In haste the rulers meet ; 
ited victim now is at their feet. 

.il the trial; set in foul array 


ORKEJUKO TUI LAST 8L1TI1L 


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HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. t?T«. 


One last appeal: “The Paschal feast is nigh. 

At which one malefactor doomed to die 
I must release." and, as lie s| teaks, they fetch 
From prison walls hard by a loathsome wretch 
Condemned for many crimes, the Law's just prev. 
Who stands before them, in the light of day, 

A hideous sight, whereat all outcries cease. 

While Pilate cries, “ Whom will ye I release?** 

Too swiftly comes the answer to his call— 

** Not Jesus, but Burubbas," say they all. 

With coward will, borne down by Jewish hate, 
Meanly he leaves the victim to 1 1 is fate. 

Washes his hands, vain allow, and in one breath 
Declares Christ guiltless — gives Him up to death. 

So swiftly all has passed, that Mary knows 
Only of Jesus' capture by His foes; 

The Master taken. His disciples fled, 

And in their flight the fatal tidings spread. 

Hut John and Peter, through the darkness, crept 
Where, in the High Priests’ hall, the watch was kept. 
And by the Hrelight, near their Master's side. 

Waited, in feur, for what might next betide. 

There, as the Lord foretold, to Peter came 
Ilia sudden, craven lapse; his hour of shame. 

Slow waned the night, and ere the cock crew twice. 
Had he, with oaths, denied tho Saviour thrice; 

Then the Ixml looked on Peter, and he went. 

In outer darkness, to the banishment 
Of bitter tears, his head in anguish bowed. 

Heating his breast, with lamentations loud. 

John hustes to Mary, and we sec them next 
In the great city wandering, perplexed 
With doubts and fears, when suddenly a cry 
Breaks on their ears — the multitude is nigh. 

Who view their victim, with triumphant hate, 
led to His death outside the city's gate; 

He lien in His cross, and now as Mary stops. 

With looks aghast, beneath its weight He drops; 
While, as with lightning stroke, upon her gaze. 

The whole truth flashes with consuming blaze — 

“ Is this the goal Ilia life of love has won, 

Death on the cross accurst. My Son ! My Son !” 

We gaze anti shrink, and shrinking still we gaze. 

As with strong bunds the middle cross they raise. 

AH things set down in holy writ are here— 

The crown of thorns, tho reed, the Roman spear, 

The parted garments and the seamless vest. 

The foul-mouthed rabble, with coarse jeer and jest. 
The wagging heads, tho rulers' boastful cry, 

The sudden earthquake and the darkened sky — 

Too real all; with horrors so compact 
We lose tho uetors in tho awful Act; 

The mimic scene recedes, the players* stage. 

Before the Passion of tho Gospel page: 

Nailed to the cruel wood, in dying pings. 

Between two thieves, the suffering victim hangs. 
Supremo in power, to him who faintly cries 
“ Remember me," He opens Paradise. 

Supremo in love, that love llis murderers share— 
"Father, forgive them" is His pitying prayer. 

Still beats llis human heart toward Mary’s breast — 
"Behold thy Mother, Son** — llis sole bequest. 

In cruel answer to His fainting call, 

“ I thirst," they bring Him vinegar ami gall. 

The Father’s face withdrawn, in brief eclipse — 
"Forsaken," trembles from llis quivering lips; 

Then, “ It is finished," with loud voice He cries, 
Commends Ilia parting soul to God, and dies. 

Beneath the fatal tree, in thickest gloom. 

The faithful few are grouped by Joseph’s tomb; 

With loving thought he begged, and Pilate gave. 

Tho lifeless body for bis rock-hewn grave; 

Then on the I odder' 8 round his aid he lends, 

As from the cross the sacred form descends. 

This is the sombre scene by Rubens cast 
On bis famed canvas, in the transept vast 
Of Antwerp's great cathedral, ami to-day 
The tragic movement of the Passion Play 
Starts into life the forma his pencil wrought, 

The players' action with the |»ainter's thought. 

Then for a little space her Son is laid 
In Mary’s arms, for death’s long sleep arrayed; 

With burial rite of tears and fond embrace. 

They bear Him gently to llis resting-place. 

Love can avail no more; the Crucified 
Is dead and buried. In His grave abide 
What vanished visions: Hope with Him has fled, 

The Lord of Israel shun, Messiah dead. 


Tho mourners puss, and all is over now. 

Only the spectral cross on Calvary’s brow. 

Brand of the world’s worst shame, stands lone and bare. 
Symbol of Heaven’s wrath ami man’s despair. 

This is the human ending, for tho rest, 

The sequel is divine and silence best. 

Few scenes and simple mark the drama’s dose: 

In the gray dawn the Easter sunlight glows; 

At the grave's mouth, arisen, as lie said. 

The Lord appears: tho Living leaves tho Dead; 

And at the last His radiant form is shown 
In rlomls ascending to tho Father’s throne. 

We quit the place, and home returning, say: 

“These are strange things that wo have seen to-day." 

Still while wo muse, one thought the most intense— 

How have these men this marvellous power, and whence ? 
No classic Roscius taught their earlier age. 

No tragic Talma trod their later stage, 

Nor modern players, versed in all the schools. 

Have hither brought their new dramatic rules; 

And yet these peasant actors, undismayed. 

In loftier parts than Sliakespeara drew, have played. 

And not for rustic boors, or mountain swains. 

Or simple herdsmen on Bavarian plains. 

Hither the world is drawn; from all its shores 

Comes the vast throng that through these gateways poure; 

Here sit tho critics who. with practised gaze, 

Viow cacti frwh triumph won when Irving plays. 

Or as the maddened Moor Salvini strides. 

Or Booth unlocks the secret Hamlet hides. 

How have these peasants dared this height to scale, 

Where to succeed in part were but to fail. 

With fearless footsteps on the dizzv edge. 

Where less than full success were sacrilege? 

Twofold the answer. Five times fifty year* 

Ono lofty thought possessed these mountaineers; 

A generation slept, another came. 

And still their purpose kept its steadfast aim. 

Ran in their blood and in their pulses thrilled. 

And all their life with all its spirit filled. 

Nor deem it strange. What altar fires have leapt. 

Where by a chosen few u faith is kept; 

What deeds heroic ever have been done. 

Where one strong impulse swept from sire to son ; 

See where, a|*art, in mountain wilds of Spain, 

One lonely tribe in all the world retain 
Their Orient, alien speech, and dwell alone; 

So here the ancient Mystery claims its own. 

And sets apart this far Bavarian elan 
To show the Passion of the Son of Man. 

Nor is this all. As on the wave the crest. 

One master spirit shines above the rest. 

Whose jwtiont htl»or, wrought from day to day. 

Through fifty years, has made the Passion Play. 

The village pastor, shepherd of his fold. 

Simple of heart, but fired with courage bold 
To niouh) the native thought with daring skill. 

And with the world its well-won fame to fill : 

Hi* touch has fashioned all: his plastic art 
Shiq>cd every scene and rounded every part ; 

His hand ha* planted on hi* hamlet’s brow 
The sparkling diadem which crowns it now. 

Fair Oberammergnn ! to thy pure shrine 
How many thoughts to-day revert with mine! 

From over distant seas, from every zone, 

What countless memories claim thee as their own! 

To thee w© flocked as birds of passage flv. 

Their close-locked pinions darkening all the sky, 

To pause an instant on some sunlit height. 

Then purl forever in their scattered flight ; 

From North and South, from East and West, we came, 

Thy loving welcome still to all tho same. 

Thank* to each peasant host. And shall it las 
This decade end* the Pa**ion Mystery ? 

Here, a* of old, shall sordid greed of gain 
The Temple court defile with touch profane! 

Shall the world’* concourse, like some mountain slide. 

Choke the pure streamlet with its muddy tide ! 

Perchance it must lie so. yet a* Time flies. 

A* the years roll, tin* waning century dies. 

Haply thy son*, with purpose high and true, 

In coining decades shall the vow renew ; 

Within the world, yet from tho world u|iart. 

And with the blessing of tho pure in heart. 

Safe in the fastness of their mountain home. 

Show forth His Passion till tho Saviour come. 



January r, mi. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 



Bui to return to 
the ixiilk* Then 
hit. mu luuoy great 
one* lu London as 
titer© an- tliealrca 
in Sew York city. 
They arc Turk- 
ish. Homan. vapor, 
elect ric. swimming, 
n red rental. hot. 
cold, tepid, nnd 
unit. Tbe most in. 
tervsilitg Mm ilic 
great public laths. 
Xeurty every dis- 
trict *if London has 
one. nnd often there 
are public wusb- 
houses in connec- 
tion with them. 
Some of the older 
of th«# (milts nre 
dark und ni'ire or 
Ins gloomy .Inti the 
Dower one* are very 
inviting. Take Ike 
Battersea Public 
Until mm mo t-xntn- 
ple. lu first clmet 
tank i» WO feet 


'laitiHIi St*?* 


din DAT wMT — 


NOT IN LONDON GUIDE-BOOKS, 
wr j lu. is ha 

Illubmuted bv Bbbt Wll.DKIk 

Bekork beginning my l**t rumble about 
London, let me pii-k up tbe Itrokell ends of 
many threads ibitt will go to make upon lit© 
rentier* mind tbe wane impression of the 
M rity that I got myself. Its bigne* mid 
its queernew are what Impr MO Wl ItlO most. 

I have told of it* crowds ami its huge police 
force, its great plain parks of gra*a, ita innu- 
merable aetni private green spot*. ita scores 
of separate ••centre*. In addition, every 
one knows of the scon? of famous recreation 
and study id ice*, like •the Z<*n.“ and the 
Botanic and the Ilniiieiiltuml Gardens, the 
Tower, (he British Museum, and the Abbey, 
which distinguish the great city. 

But who knows or ever could think of the 
foniinca* of tbe l/oii-lon people for swim mini! 
and bathing, or of Ute means User have for 
enjoying tiirir baths? In one of the great 
parks in tbe heart of London an ornamental 
sheet of water, more unseclndt-d I ban the 
iakr in Central Purk. In made all but alive 
with bathers Iwtween five o'clock, or earlier 
in the morning, nndfiu’clock A M. As many 
as 30.000 men ami hoys have been known to 
bathe in tliat pond in non day, That t* ilic 
same park, bylho-wwr, wherein if you should 
go on a summer night, you would sc© tbe 
award literally dotted, peppered. with tbe 
black forms of sleeping men— bomelett* and 
unemployed or luxurious men who prefer the 
grass to crowded tenement quartets. There 
is no loo nice objection to this by tl«o law or 
iu blue clad myrmidons. 

Tbi* is due to that amazing regard and 
demand for personal liberty of which I have 
before spoken, If the noble Briton wants to 
sleep out-of-doors in :i park that is bis as 
much hs auy ones, who mImII my him nay? 

When an American, at a meeting of 10,000 
sorisSiiis in Hyde Park oue Snodny. a-ktd 
why the police |iennittnl such meetings, a 
bobby math; answer, "Why. it pJeanOS tlieut 
and arms no one." There is the national 
spirit conveyer! in a nutshell. The Itorrihie 
murder* in Whitechapel last Vear Illustrate 
it unoe again. In a quarter frequented by 
outcast* it I* the Tuie not to spy upon them 
or disturb them. This Immunity from stir. 

VeillaDi'C, which they have enjoyed for n-nlii- 
ri«. operated again*! them when a man took of the vagrants as well 
it into his head to murder them off one at a 
time. I doubt if any American who bn* not 
scan tbn extent to which the liberty of the 
individual operate* could either understand 
It or believe ft powihtc. and certainly noirav- 
©Her could find a journal to publbli an ade- 
quate account of It. 


of 6 feet at one end 
nnd 31 feet at the 
other. It i« lined 
with white glazed 
brick*, roofed with 
wood am! Iron 
and ventilating 
skylights, and lias 
50 locked dressing 
boxc*. In tbn umr 
huiiding there is a 
second - claa* bath. 
73 feel by 35 fc-el 
in size. At certain 
tinu-* women use 
I wth baths Tiie 
water is heated 
when it is desira- 
ble. These baths 
are distinctly pop- 
ular. Tit© lirrt- 
olaaa price varies 
from a shilling 
to fotirpence, 
and tlie sec- 
ond class from 
sixpence to 
twopence, the 
cheaper iMttlis 
being those in 
the morelhlck- 
ly populated 
parts -of tbe 
city. The wadi house* connected with many 
of tire baths seem of very great public benetit. 
Our philanthropists at home sboahl consider 
whether there is Dot a demand for them in 
New York. These wttsh-bmi.es are each 
II 1 1 i*l with a steam -eng ini', nosing and boil- 
ing tanks, centrifugal wringers, a washing- 
machine, and a drying-roam For a penny 
or three ha'pence the poor of die neigh- 
borhood may perform all llieir "blue Mon 
day ” duties on any day of the Week. When 
th© wiishlng is MW and iMf goods are in 
III© drying-room*, limy go away, and return 
again io leare tlie use of irons, ironing tabUw, 
ami Ironing blankets wherewith to complete 
their tasks. 

Those who can afford them and want sea- 
water lailli* at home purchase ocean water at 
twopence a gallon, delivered at their doors. 
It corucs to town every niglit. the trade In it 
taring a speculation of one nf the railroad 
comparoe*. There is a swimming Imlb in the 
People's Palace — another Institution which 
conveys to the mind a senre of tlie size of 
l,oodnn. I did not see it, but I know iu u 
general way that It is an enormous building, 
containing n library, reading rooms, billiard 
hall, hat It*, trade aiid scientific schools flutv- 
ing 300® pupils in the evening classes, bv-tbe- 
way (refreshment-room*. public halls, W'lnler- 
pirdetis. and many other attractive and im- 
proving features. 

London lias nine homes fur shoeblacks — 
by which term ts meant lumrel©** hoys — a* 
well ns a slwicblack society that aims to give 
the boys moral and intellectual training, to 
help them to savo llteir money, nnd to give 
them self respect. London hus a lady guide 
society for looking after women strangers 
alone In London who can sffoivl to pay for 
rocti|Muiious and for advice in shopping, 
sight seeing, or whatever. Ixmdun lias a 
Home for Starving Cats, maintained in con- 
nection with a I togs’ Home. It la in Batter 
sea. Toihlscltarilaliie institution are brought 
cal* found starving in the streets. They tire 
kepi la a large clswa cage, which has shrive* 
for lied* and sawdust for a curjiet In that 
cage they are fed with milk every morning 
ami meat every night Once in a while simc 
visitor buy* one. ami so room is made for n 
new beneficiary There arv also some "ari*- 
tocmtic” (iU in the home, pets of families 
out of town for Ute summer or for longer. 
These are called " Uic hoarder*.' anti th© 


maintenance 

f.oriilnu ha* what are Called '■cabmen’s 
shelter*'* HcalUtred aiawit the city. They 
are liny collages, often in tbe intihlic of a 


carpel • beating company; it ho* 700 fixed 
points at which you tain find a policeman 
whenever you need one: It ha* nrvenicen 
vegetarian ’restaurants; it lui* » directory us 
Ingas Wrlwler's Unabridged, arid so arranged 
that you cannot tint! any man's address in it 
unless you know wbst tbe juhlrewi is before 
you look for it. London also baa the most 
surprising number of club*, nearly all maiu- 
•tliutxl on piggish prineiptra. .last os Ute 
Englishman's home, to Ire typical, mast be 
surrounded by a wall, so Iti* rluh mit*t bo 
inh'wpitsliUr to strangers. In some HuIm n 
member may take a stronger into a little re- 
tx'piUin-nsita by the door; in others, lie may 
lake a sirangrr into the dining-room; and 
in others live rule is. "Du stranger shall lie 
brought Into the dub- bouse under nuy cir- 
cumstance*. " 

lu walking about London you are quite 
likely io see a rat catcher, and you will know 
whni his calling is as quickly a* you set eyes 
ou him. He will wear a leather belt or sash 
over one shoulder, and to this will bo at- 
tached a row of ml* stamped out of a sheet of 
brass The man will cany a double bog— a 
aack separated in the middle — such w* men 
used to carry goods in on 1 torse back lu an- 
other age. In one end of the bag you will 
sec the nutlinrs of a Imx or cage, suggesting 
that for same purpose he eurritw five rat* 
about in that way. You will sue. at certain 
street corners, numbers of Ihitiichuin, or in- 
valids' peramlnilnturs. each with a man by 
it to be hired as lu motive power. Yon will 
*e© at night queer little carls, when-fmm are 
sold hot baked potato©*, You will see law- 
yers io great while wigs riding io open h*n- 
hoius. You will sec tally lio enoebes starting 
out from (.’haring Croat every morning with 
a fanfaronade of boms, atwl if you ride upon 
one, no sooner will vau leave the thirk of 
London than little beggar boys will begin to 
appear, and to turn rarl-wbrels la-side your 
convey aocc with the most siirjjrisinc persist- 
ence and skill to coax your pennies from 
your |MM!kets. 

But we must lake that lust walk in Lon- 
don. and what better lime to begin It will 
ever urrivn? if you tall on list; ( WsuMieti- 
entl of tlie United State* in Urenl St. Helen's 
Place, off Rishopsgittc Street Within, you 
will lx- within n stone’s throw nf wlutt i* rwil- 
©d Hit hatd the Tbitd's Palace, or Cruthy 
llall. It is a miwt striking building, nnd fa 
rendered gorgeoii* by illumination with stain- 
ed gb« him paint. Unfortiuiatcly It went 
to ruin at one time, and who. one see* of it 
to day is • restored a word full or uuguixh 
to the true antiquarian. The portion which 
remain* includes the bnnqurting-room, the 
council clinmlx-r. mid some minor apurtmeiils 
of tfao original Crr»hy Hall, which was built 
la 1-WU5 l>y Mir John Crosby, a merchant 
tirince of llte city. He died soon after llwt 
boijN© was Imilt, and his widow rented it to 
tbe Duke «r (JliMiooti-r. aficrwartl tbe Uiinl 
Kic-hatd. Here Sir Thomas More says " be 
lodged in Croshy’s Plane, wltcre. by little and 
little, ail folks drew unto, so tint the Pro- 
tector hati the Court, and the King in a man- 
ner was left desolate." But interesting though 
all Ibis b. the building is uow an eating house, 
k(j3t l>v a caterer loo enterprising to bavo 
left it for any out! Id tell a visitor In London 
of Us existence or ita beauties. It did not 
interest me half so much as Its near neighbor, 
tbe little church called Great Saint Helen s, 
that rises from a court-yard of flag *tor*e« la- 
hind the Hall Tbi* church is wen by few 
visitors, and I found many Londoner* who 
bud not beard of It; yet Shakespeare Is like 
ly to have worshipped in it. for lie lived in 
the pnrixb at one lime. This queerest of nil 
the otd chit relic* in larndon has Its history 
begin in a fog of myth and tradition. It fit 
named for tbe tnoll»er of the Emperor Con 
Mtantlnc, and one rumor Is that hI»c ordered 
it built It is generally liclievrd to dale from 
a. l>. 1010. and eeriuiiilv In 1313 « convent 
and priory were eslaMbwird beside it for the 
• Black Nuns." In Henry VIII. s linic these 
nuns were driven out. ami their property 
was confiscntrti. nnd in the early half of the 
sixteenth century the Leather sellers' Com- 
pany met in the Kuna’ Hull. The convent 
and all uctpt the church huvr long sine© 
disappeared, hut tbe church is quite a* sound 
ns when new. and exceedingly Interesting. 
It Is small— s mere box— with a nw-ati little 
turret on the roof, and with wall* of broken 
stotic coaled with cement, yet within it* wall* 
time .terms to have »tom! still fur rentories, 
and age asserts Itself hr It doe* nowhere else 
in London. Small a* it ntt-m* from without 
by reason of its lowness, it surprises tbe vis. 
Slur by Its Inurttal dlmen it om It <-•■01010* 
a strange confusion of the architecture* <if 
many centuries, blit it is iu its memorialft 
that Its boh! upon the mind and tire rye is 
the strongest. One sees there u crowding of 
quaint aiM'ieut lonilkt ami lubh-is; carved 
nuns' stall* and screen -walk, n rirh pulpit, 
sadly mmiral inscriplinns. u K"iiiati siliyl, 
long mistaken for the Blessed Virgin or the 
Lady Helvrta; a niclie for the l-oni Mayor's 
mnor when he came Id worship; gnudy amt 
beautiful windows; an anck-nt htlrrict of 
iron; figures nf knights crata-lrgged and in 
armor, ami of aldermen in antique clothes 
carried beside figures of their kmg-waiotod 
Indies and demure looking daughters, all ac- 
curately habited in the costumes of the re- 
mote past, 

To happen in Great KainI Helen's when the 
old woman in charge I* there Is to have his- 
tory, fact, myth, fable, superstition, ami guess- 
work nil ii<c’xirlcali!y mixed. It is much Hie 
U« time to go there, for she never tells any- 


thing nnleaa it i* more interesting Ilian th 
truth. When the shows you tire carved nuci 
chair*, binged in lire centre- ro that the nun 
might appear to Ire standing, yt-l might pant 
rest nt the sHMM' lime, this modes! Dovclist n 
mark* that thi-Mc m-mu were thu* made so.thn 
if unv nun fell asleep ut lrer devotions the >ru 
would fall with m crushing noise Above 1I1 
tomb of Sir Thorax* Gn-*li*m, a once gran 
city mcrchutil. Is a helmet on a bracket. I 
was borne before tire corps* at lire funeral 
Init tbe old woman says.so solemnly. "That 1 
tbe helmet of King lucliard." She will xhov 
you Julius Ciesar's lombaHo. if vou wish Ire 
to. unrl will tell you there is no doubt that tb 
dust of tire great warrior, historian, und onto 
lie* tlrerv 

But there nr© things in that church to 
qiMs-r for even this old woman to iraprov- 
upoii. Among tit© tnmlm k» a twelve Ton 
aqnare stone hox in UielKaiyof thechunrii. I 
»* tin- resting plm-e of <tne Francis Bancroft 
who i«urrha»rd (It© ground luaidc the churrh 
and M-tll«*i psrt of hi* estate for lieautifviiq 
and keeping it iu orek'r lie niuseil hiu.rel 
to 1 m) buiMsi lu a ei'lfln who*© )i<l w«m Idacei 
and not luekc<l, nnd he arrangeii that ihcke? 
of the tomb, together with a tinder Im».x ani 
bread atvd cheeac, Im- k©|X in lire tomb f<> 
one hundnii years, lie was umui nucal.n Jnn 
lor nffieer uf one of the Lord Mayors, ami h< 
made grand fortune n* an informer, tiikmi 
half tile fines he rnused to be levied. TJire. 
times he was |irotnolt*t from that post, am 
each tint© he lM>ugbt it buck. Wlren Ire wai 
buri<*l iti* funeral was mobbed sod hi* cofflt 
upacL 

SSome iascrlptioas in tire church are ver_* 
notalde. This i* on the tomb of Willtan 
Kcrwin. wire dh*l in I5M: 

*‘TIh- falv* lave tflneil**! this same* txtx to me wh- 


On lire tomb of one great lawyer. Sir Julin 
Ca-rer whom the guide to the church think 
was the l(om*n Knqiefor, is n carving of j 
pnrcbnreni deed of his soul, or contract fo 
Us ddimy "wlren cnlh*i for." IIih trm 
name was Julius C«!Mr Aidenrere, hut Im 
absr«ion>*| bis Miirname He wa»» politician 
judge, and general place bolder in Elizabeth 
time. He bought office nnd waxed rich 
Once, when the (Juwn vWted him. Ire gav 
her a ** gown of cloth of silver richly cm 
brnldrrrd a black net work mantle willt pur 
gold, a white taffeta hat with flowers, mid 
jewel of gold set therein with ruhUw and ilia 
liiondx." She removed from his house " wit* 
gocsl content nreot.” hut tire visit cost fTK 
exclusive <tf provisions. In bis memoir* h 
say* that tut ancestor of his, being o-ked hot 
Ire attained *tich grcnt age to have lived i 
the reigns of aeven monarch*, replied as fol 
lows: 


' l.ro **ui*i*g I (oriresr; 

Wtfie aim nmmin 1 liin-irrar: 

Mi tifcX sihI tret { keep fr©m cold. 
Ne aislwl, l turii, It©' I he old, 

I sm <i "Mow. wot su isik: 

I clilite, lint inner linrt with >trokw 

It Ihaa t r<-e. tMoome t*-t tr„ mt ; 

It "r*|u*-it In ili-tit, nr, tlknwtsi-, f.ninn 
IX- . w.-l Ivy rlrtili” n< wkfcol nltn. 
Tlikuk lJ«i. ImiI nil! Ii.wm- or .irtt«. 
It 4* it© ciilile, an aliMvrr gtni; 
lire "sum mippJj, ter erirl* t-rllevr; 
Hrj ,V' la kt, wd blmw her stilt, 
Am* klusts let ber lis>u tier ullL” 


Great Saint Helen's b- dtitte saint justtc- 
by so cursory n note ns this amrvutd* to. fo 
it is so full of interest to so many sorts o 
•treclalist*, nnd to lire general public ns well 
llutl it is easily third in importance runout 
the chtimhcA of Loud * re. in spile of tire far 
that no guide-book that I saw mode mu; 
nii-niion of it 

Front the Qi-diopsgate St rvtl, where Ihi 
queer old church is. if lire reader will lake . 
Ilollxirn 'tuts, lie will notice Maple Inn. th- 
most extraordinary of all the old inns. Ju* 
before it is reaelietl. nr.d on the other ‘ide •* 
the street, is III© "Old Bell Inn, which i 
worth slopping to see, if only for a moment 
It i* all •% ohl a» Elizabeth's reign. In tlv 
court, where tbe stage-coaches used to rum 
hie in, with tlrelr kncc-hrt**-lit*l. Irewigged 
taiauly - patched, and crinolined load*, th- 
house keeper II lid a daughter cir asaisUn 
now sit placidly knitting. In perfect ralin 
nrss, twenty bet from tire roar of Holhorr 
Over llieir Ireads Is it wondrous row o 
old fathiraxil Ml* on twisird springs. an« 
(hroagli one of the doors roil ree the lint 
man behind a tiny Iwr. bottling pewter mug 
benenth inronlincnt spigots 

Step Isw-k to the atreri. nnd in two mioutr 
you will *t*' another estuary of Hotborn pet 
rnmtitig a building. Over’ it are the wordf 
" Furnlvals Inn. You need not tnke tw 
minute* at it. hut if you tdep iu. )i>u hav 
liefore you a great square court, and Irebim 
it tin* quietest hihI meat eotictng tavern 
cslltd Wond’a Hotel, Around the ©the 
ahles of the court are plain, dull-lonkin 
buildings of the nvotiotoiioiift patterns lawyer 
are diMtoMs! to select for tbnr rhamlrers. an 
on the front of one of these is liie sign ; 



In fact Dickens did liettcr than live tbert 
He wrote i’n(*r*Bk there. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. 17?«. 


12 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 




wealth of hi* subject* in or- 
der la impose a tax upou them 
to nuii ibf cart of • threaten- 
ed invasion by tin' people of 
Denmark ami Flamlcr*. The 
great work, the earliest of Its 
kind performed in Europe, won 
llnl-bi il in eight months, unci 
in aildilion thereto record wnn 
made of all tlie entile in (lie 
kingdom. But the respect tlio 
l*M>k commami* crnim of it" 
later. Its present value, for the 
history of England raU upon 
lie duiu Cities that boast tlieir 
anlupiil y point to it* jmges for 
proof of i In-ir glory. Tlie old* 
tsrt families of all the English- 
speaking world draw their chief 
pride from it. A* the ncwtlyr 
iriicreil pages fall upou one an- 
other past one's finger*. It is 
noticed that the work is urmi- 
illnminnted. and evidently by 
ninny liamD. Iliat the onion'd 
initial* are almost us bright as 
though painted neatly -41X1 years 
after the discovery of America, 
instead of an many years prior 
to that now distant date, thnt 
though the pntvhineul is yellow 
the writing is hUck. anil that 
every page is uniformly legible. 
Along the inner edge of each 
margin arc little perforations 
like pinholes, one at eilhrr end 
of each ruled linn. These sltovr 
I hat tlie pricking wheel which 
stutionern use to-day — or some- 
thing very like it — was then 
employed. 

In the same room arc some 
equally ancient duplication* of 
part* of the historic work, sep- 
arate records of various coun- 
ties. But more precious than 
llicsc is the gorgeous treaty 
made after the doth of Gold 
meeting between Prancis 1. and 
Henry VIII. in 1/kSl. ami signed 
nt Avignon. It lias a brwuti- 
fully illuminated title-page, and 
appended to it is a massive 
seal, the workiriHiiviiip of which 
is user i lied to Cellini. 

And still more precious to all 
who value ihrir country aud 
its parentage, with all the pro- 
gress and civilizing Influence* 
that both represent, is the lone 
of greeting that follow* a visit- 
or's announcement that he is an 
American : 

" We like to show these trea- 
sures to Americans," says the 
.Secretary. "We feel tlinl we 
ate exhibiting tlie family jewels 
in such a ca«<>. We feel that 
you and we are close kith and 
kin. aud that both are dedicated 
to the groat work of Anglicizing 
the w orld, and of bringing about 
that glorious day when this 
old island shall lie as the lloijr 
Land to all the people of thie 
globe." 


Just abovo this ancient law- 
yers' haunt you will sec Gray's 
Inn it ml all its courts, ils niuare, 
and imrks, its turns and Ism s, 
it* solcmu, dingy walls, with 
their little door* and smaller 
windows, and tlie monotonous 
tin wgnv of the lawyer* who 
hide away in there. Then ask 
your way to Chancery Lane, 
which U at Tour very heels, 
and go to tlie Rolls Chapel --The 
chapel of the Master of the 
Holts of Chnncery— established 
as a place of worship a.d. 1233. 

It is of minor interest within 
and without — of less interest 
than Chancery Latte ilself. 
which Hen Jonson troll trowel 
in hand to and from his work, 
and when* Isaak Walton krpt 
shop and Cnrdiual Wolat-y lived 
— hut it is on the way to the 
Records' Building, where you 
may see the Doomsday -book, 
made HIM years ngo, anti guard- 
ed so well ever since then 
tlinl time has harmed it very 
little. 

It is a thoroughly modem 
anil uninteresting building in 
which this lime honored "first 
census report " is kept, yet at 
the very door something of the 
value of the privilege tlie vis- 
itor is about to crave is sug- 
gested by tin' perfunctory chal- 
lenge hn receives from a servitor 
there, who cross-examines every 
one briefly upon bb errand. 

This is needful to bring tlie nv- 
ernge American lo u realization 
of what he Is venturing upon, 
for tlie uverage Amerituin nev- 
er feels that anything may be 
rightfully kept from him while 
be b touring In Europe. 

Th> Doomsday-book b lu a 
amnll room above - stairs, in 
ell nr ire of a most agreeable offi 
cer. who. upon heating the ob- 

S t of tbis visit, points to tbc 
>k. It is so much smaller 
titan tlie mind had conceived 
it to be Hint tbc discovery is 
disappointing— a quite ordina- 
ry- look mg old tome in a quite 
ordinary glass box No one 
would lilt upon it as the Dooms- 
day- book who had not first 
heard it described. Besides be- 
ing undersized, it looks new. 
for it has been recently re- 
bound : aud afterward one may 
arc tbc original cumlwous cov- 
ers, pitted anil foxed by lime, 
lying in a muse impressive old 
oaken chest that is sheathed 
with foriniiluhle iron Istmls. In 
this chert tlie famous tome re- 
posed for centuries before pub- 
lic building* were as well for- 
tified and guarded as they are 
to day. 

Larger acquaintance with Utc 
old book beget* increasing re 

*pect As otw turn* over Its 
Miff pnrrhronnt leaves, and re- 
flects upon what he 1* touching, the ancient 
volume grow* more and more awe inspiring. 
Therein is noted .every "hyde of land" in 


every county of England, tbo work of hun- 
dred* of Hie subjects of the Conqueror sent 
out by him that be might dctinniue tbo 


OCTStDR CAUltAJCS StKLTtt. 


A BATH-CHAIR. 


JAMWKY !, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


13 



. JL •. '• 

X 

4- f 

■jgemhu ■ 


s§etu- mcrrifuf* 

' . ' ‘IWrfiA -xvin ■ 2J - 


THE WORK op THE HOSPITAL SATURDAY AND SUNDAY ASSOCIATION. -Dkawk »r Jrmir Siir-niKKn.-ISEB Page 6 ) 


agle 


14 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1771 


MR. LAS8UMS MIRACLE. 

IIe would liavo s*ld. In a doleful natal time. 
Ili»l lie irm a "pore fUi-r-il invalid. 'Aided 
fur many yean, mi' nothin' short of n nramcle 
0011M ( hip Udl'' 

Hi' bod nu mid sort of mawkish aeiilimrn- 
lallty. lure among I-m clw, excited by the 
routcmplaiion of his wry |-rcnliiii .'omlilion. 
Looking at him, however. mi bis generous 
(in I her bed. with its pitl>-n*. luxurious h« 
I hour of n divnn. limped under bis shoulders, 
It would have lieiii hard in find in Inin any 
resemblance to llic picture lie drew Ills 
weight mum have exceeded two hundred mid 
llftv pounds, and hi* linn flesh wu* rosy us a 
lii-nll hr child's. Hoftonr. he an- the pic. 
lure of comfort. The i. Id faHiiurod high post 
tadsteiicl on nhhil |m Ur was tnli cnoogti In 
bring bis bend on a line with the *iunll window 
commanding n view o| ilie bill road, on tta 
other side the outlook through ibc open door 
nbowed blm to follow 1J1- •him rood until 
tin- wooiLs took it into ««ivt keeping. On n 
tnhle witbln reach uf bis hutul were a tum- 
bler nnd n atone Jog . tlccomted wlili exagger- 
ated clorcr leave* m blue uliur. nnd frequent- 
ly refilled with water from tbe spring. Iu 
lire corner Blood a "tout hickory staff, wiib 
winch bn pounded on the flour to summon 
on audience when l»o wished to make his 
want* known. A heap of newspaper*, well 
thumbed nnd soiled, of respectable antiipiity, 
was also conveniently neiir. Oil the window 
ledge, in madiodicai precision. hU ern mh 
p ;-r. package of Sweet Navy, and box of sail- 
pliur mulches were ranged. Some out? hud 
Murk a red peony into u with- mrmthed hot- 
tie. that the unfortunate, no doubt, might 
enjoy tbe gorgeous evidence of perfected 
apnng 

lie bud finished eating his ereuing meal — 
from tlm adjoining room muir the sound of 
some oeic rnpiilly washing dishes— nnd lay 
bark on his pillows, with bis knees drawn 
up at an mure angle, his bunds clasped ta- 
liiud h\» head, anu no very pleasant expes- 
llon around Ills half clined eves. It Was ul> 
mn»: dusk in t bn room The small ono slory- 
iitid attic dwelling huddled iu the lowest hol- 
low of the country for miles around Long 
after sunrise and long before siraart a misty 
twilight wrapped it. Its clearing formed a 
triangle, with tbe road for the Ouse no one 
side the hill, nn the nlher Hie woods Tbe 
location of this freehold wus in Unit |Hirt 
of srmiheni Maryland common iy known a* 

' Godforsaken " to the stranger wiibiu it* 
binder*. Trucks of stunt" I torest growth, 
dense, not imposing, covered ncTe lifter awe. 
In some place* the p.uc had been felhd, and 
with wonderful alacrity lis pooh too supplied 
by un undergrowth of scrub «nk. With a 
ci rtesnonilingly obliging dispoailinn. ibe 
pine claim* -I the place of the oak. late re- 
moved. Roads of clay or rand, equally in- 
different. threaded truck after Hack of Idle 
land, showing visible improvement In the 
neighborhood of the rare but well-kept plan- 
tation* in the sect inn, whom- owners weir 
pretty sure to be county conunbsinncis, mad 
supervisors, etc Occasionally Ibc road went 
tliimiL’Ii low field* lying fallow, nnd then ilie 
problem of comfortable travelling w as easily 
solved. If II wash-out made Itself disagree- 
ably uoikeable.it consumed lew time to drive 
amumi than to repair it, and six - ronds around 
as many wash outs or mud-hole*. branching 
out from the original at different lengths, 
overtaking it again further on. were seiner I jr 
worthy of remark. Tbe county road wlibiu 
sight of Mr Job Lamum'* house embraced 
three several peruii.tri’ies in it* limited *|xicr. 
In dry wenther the hill was haul anti rough: 
lower down it was known ns 1 Feather-tad 
Lane," n haul sarcasm on ilie jtiflnitc number 
of smooth flint stoop* which bnd proved most 
dinutrniis in wagon springs from time im- 
memorial. Below these, a deep ami heavy 
sand marked tbe roadway into ihe wood* 

It was on an afternoon late in May that 
Mr. Lamum, tired of literature. surfeited with 
tobacco, being a mod* nil-- smoker, and f**l 
ing no longer hungry, heard the noise of n 
vehicle apprniielii nu lie- » -immit of i In* hill. 
Long pm-iire hod iwnde him expert in the 
inrtrrprelallou of sounds. He knew the 
buggy would be oh! man tklilsm*. ami 
brightened up mentally, hut assumed a de- 
jected expression, at the prospect of a ch.it. 
It was a rare thing for roan, nomad, or chiM 
to pn*» the iIoot without slopping to condole 
w it h “ pore" M r. l.uasum. He saw tbe burse's 
lag ruwboned frame come up against lira 
ski-, pausing ft second before descending, he 
saw wiry old Mr. Schism brace himself fur it 
Jolting across the flint*, and then. Joking 
the reins, drive deliberately past and disap- 
pear noiselessly over the sand into the wrxaK 

Mr. Lawuni felt aggrieved, forsaken, of im> 
lUTount. Hud be kept bis l<nl all tin- sc 
years fur this, to he pa*«sl by like a inini 
who had gotten up every morning at half 
past four or live, mid gone to tad at eight 
m*»y night’ It was tier neglect Unit rut 
him to the sotil.nnd destroyed Ilie tranquillity 
uf i he twilight hoar. It began to grow dark. 
A whippoorwill called incr**unily from the 
orchard on the hill; frog* cranked "knee- 
deep! knee deep'” from (heir pools; nnd pale 
faint star* came out to quiver above the tree- 
top* The dusky form of a horse and rider 
1 1 >i> tiled shadowy nnd indistinct agniost tlm 
sky on III* brow of the hill, a slumming and 
sr.orting over tlx- flints, a short interval -f 
silence, and w knock on the lintel of Mr. 
LoMum's door. 

•• Come in, -1 called 31 r Lussum. languidly; 
and young Pluky tjchUin, with u pout a- 


sumption of srlf-pnwsession, stepped over tl»e 
threshold. 

•' How d' yo' find yo'se'f to-rfiry. Mr. !.n» 
sum?" lie iisked. 

Ui-spite the fact of Li* Instant idrntiflralion 
a fi moment* ago, in the uncertain light of 
the room the host peeled curiously at hi* 
visitor with keen cyt*. whirh hr shaded with 
a fat while hand. 

■ Purely, purely. I'm Wigrd to yo'. sir. " 
lie mid, pathetically, "hut 1 don't seem to 
know yo'. -May he yo' air a stranger in these 
pints’ Would yo lie so kirn] a* to make 
yo’se'f known?" 

Toting Schism shifted his weight ftom one 
leg to Ihe other, put his hat on. took it off, 
and giggled nervously. Be had small faith 
in chi* omii recognition hut nevcrthclcM was 
very ill at ease. 

"Oil, IPs you. is It?" **id Mr. LasMtin. 
"Come in, come in. You's rrowed such a 
tine g». uileimm In yo' More duos o' ev'y day. 
Set down, set down,” 

" How d' yo' And yo'se'f to ditgf" repented 
the vtsltoi, ta.-cauae he could think of nothing 
else. 

He sat on tbe extreme edge of a chair, bis 
smart straw bat underneath. He was a very 
slight young man with sloping shoulders, bu 
hair a light straw-color, and his eyes n *«■ 
tery blue. hut he was ilie beau of hit circle. 
Hi* family was in ii transition Mule, rising 
from Hie ignorance and poverty of Ihe "pu' 
while "of t til'ii section to the thrift and rnm- 
fnrl of small fanners. They bad cleared and 
fenced their land, and. much to Un- envy of 
ihrir neightars, instituted a superior style of 
living. 

"No dlffent from what I was when y o' 
fust asktsl me. un’ inurli nnyliody carnal 
Yer 1 ben n lay In' an a lavin' settee Ihe **', 
« |tor.' 'flirted invalid, with a ctiv'ou* com- 
an' they shaken ibey beads, an - they gi*a 
away an' Imvcs me n layin' on my buck, ao' 
who cares? By Jolly: strong an' healthy 
neighbora ikies by on ihe other side, anil 
don't so miirh ii* looks lo'ards the house. 
They ride* |ki*' dost up Hgeo the fame, an' 
hero’ I am, nothin' tlii* aide of a inarneh- kiu 
cine me. 'Twarn'l like this before the *»', 

1 hud three a* likely nigger* as any man 
aroun'. an' a wjf« that wasn't afraid o' work. 
Then my wife taken sick and died. I could V 
bore it with the niggeia left, could 'a' Minified 
along some way. but f*cy had lo go. an' yer 
I wns left with two children on my band*. I 
might say. an' tbUcur ous complaint a genin' 
worse nn’ worse, The day Zcb waa ado lo 
fcrnK'li a little corn into the ground, an' look 
after the mule an' cow, at? Ctorindy tag 
enough to fetch n kiltie o' water from the 
spring, I taken lo my bed, an' yer 1 ben ever 
fence. “ 

Schism made a sound expressive of aym- 
pallu . " Zch honror be uskt'ii. 

'■ tie's al'ay* homo. Zeb I* He 'ain't got 
no time lo waste a cavortin' around Ifaa 
country from Dan u» Beoralteha ; but If* 
nmroi) likely he'* gone to bed. Ho never 
* ua raore'u llurty mile from home in hi* 
life; never waa on a railroad train, an' .ifug* 
goes in bed at eight o'clock'. There's a son 
for a father to be proud of! When 1 think 
how some hoy* Is Hz’ Maybe I don't av 
much, tall lajm' yer 1 doe* a heap o' tliink- 
in'. (.'nursin' over the country from one 
end to tlso other, sto' do'ea on o' wcek-diiys, 
an' *ueh like. Why. you lien up to Ber’ry- 
vlltc yotai'f iwioet in tiie lust two year, ain't 
yo'? 

Mr. SrliUtn, who hail a pardonable pride 
in hi* travels, answered in flic affirmative. 

'• I tlaought so; / Iseervl u* much." 

" t'hsrimly home?" 

No. I can't s*r she is. exactly * 

Under cover of tbe darkness Mr. Schism 
screwed Ills courage tu the sticking poiut. 
"Tlso hoiiMi s n coinin' up, an' 'll Ul- ready 
for the roof nex’ week." 

" Yo' don't *rf/" 

"An’ the plasterin' the week after." 

'• Yo' don't My.’ ' 

"An 1 imp bo thought it might be called 
done be loco linrve*. nn' I Iwtiif *|w.ik to 
yim. liltin' (.'lotiuily herse'f sbe serins willin'. ' 

There was an ominous silence, but to ilie 
•spirant for matrinu.ninl honors every corner 
in Ihe ris nil, every dark and dewy spare in 
tin? wimbIm, ev.-ry shadow In the hedge-row, 
seemed lo rail aloud, " Clorimly I Clorindy! 
Pinky Schism** come to ask for 4 Inrimty !" 
And voices from plain and hill nnd hollow. 

" For Clorimly! Clorindy!" tossed the wont* 
from one to another, an trad farther oil. hh if 
some wondrous echo, always amlildc, bnd 
laken it up wrrv.r to die awav. 

’• Hem ni m'" 

Mr Lassntn cloarod bl* throat etaborateljr. 
rnisi .i himself on one elbow, and looked in 
Ihe direction *>f the door, where Id* visitor'* 
lirod win indicated by n dark unsteady spot 
against the sky. 

■ I've tan •■wantin' to have a talk with 
yon thi* long time," he began, " nn’ it might '« 
well he now 'n later <m. Pinky Schism, you 
is too BOt tip In yo' ways You an' yo' fattier 
arts '• if yo' owned ee'gtllink. We don't 
wnnt nobody to look down oa im, tre don't. 
Bence y?»' talon the pnre fur turnlpe nt tlx- 
rattle show t Ley's ben no livin' f'r vo'. 
Yon'* hfaner rislycrats than the Colonel. 
You acuuily w*-af» Mo' clo'ca o ev’v day. 
Jeans good cuaugb f r Zeb. nn' was gnird 
enough fr Ids father when be bnd line f'r 
'em Lawuni* I* a* good a* Schisms any 
■ lay F.f I wasn't a pore 'llic-ted invalid, 
a hivin’ ver «n my buck ever wuce llic *«', 
Id 1 1 Hash the In min 'at 'ud any coutrwiri 


wine. I ben a mother to Clorindy; Hie'* 
had a better raisin Hinu any woman cmild 
'a' gin er. an' site ain't a-goin' lo fling amiy 
her prosper 'soa uulunly Iralsiiig Ills voice a* 
for tlx- hrlictil of n possible auditor, iltweti), 
" IXit after all 1 done for el. I taken mo re 
pains with tliat girl ilian lief nxulnv would 
u done, un' what I mrnii lo tell yo' now is 
that tbe plasterin' ■■' yo' hour*- don't nerd to 
go. on no fnrdcr *o fur * Clorimly s concern- 
ed. for 1 don't give my consent*, un-way*." 

Tlx-re was a IweatliV** silence after tli«?e 
word*, even throe inu-ldelling voices of wosul 
and hlil were null fin a time, ti-cu a Hiaos 
of s-iiind* indistinguialiahlc. After a wide 
the shrill mil of h cricket resolved itself from 
Hie others, nnd tlx- Inur old Ixxind uixter lii* 
master's tied yelped nnd w hined. .\* in dream* 
he coursed h lively codon-tail. A hominy 
better knot up a measured tap. tan. tap on the 
tbrevliohi, and the whippoorwill in the or- 
chatd began agaiu hi* plaiulivc mil. us if lie 
never intended lo leave off. In short, every 
performer in Ihe orcbesliu wbteb funiishes 
Ihe music of a summer eve was in excv-lh-nl 
time and rune 

' Well." remarked Sir Schism. Inking up 
his hat, “ I teckoti I'd heller ta* golu'. Good 
day." 

" GooduigAf." 

(’lorinda waa carrying Zeb'* dinner afleld. 
She walked llatlevsly over the wagon truck, 
between Ilie blade* of nisl-liiig gruMVeH iilfti 
weeds knee- high : n covered pail, ris king with 
moisture. In one luiml si«t a ln*ket oil her 
arm. Her head was lietii.and tin- (ace with- 
in tlx? tbppmg suit boil net sullen in it* lio|-r- 
h-Mine** Quite a pretty gill was ( lorinda; 
better Mill, she wo* mraiclird on a phut Unit 
soiiisi pofudar taale— plenty of lii-Hi, big 
Mack eyes, and n sli-iek of thick. If txrt long, 
blue blink bnir. Tl-e ' agucr " hail nut yet 
drained away tar soft coloriug: tar lips were 
dewy and ted, 

Zeb brought hi* mule leisurely along tho 
totau-ro row. turned him loose in the Mmile, 
and removing tta lid from Clotloda'a kettle, 
drank eagerly of the cool buitermilk, 

' ' That's he aald.n kill a drt-p respira- 
tion. 

"It'a been in the spring scnce churnin'. “ 
Mm nnswered. 

U was nearly twelve o'clock. The m-n. 
fras and penlmmon tree* rnst cireular shad- 
ows over the hedge row*. A line of tnll 
Cedars Mood out like spin-* ngnin*t the t-ky. 
Tito tartled air wavered and quivered far and 
near, ( lorinda wearily look off tar bonnet 
arid sal down iu tbe shade. A growth of 
fmltay wllil corrot blooms made a tremu- 
lous crow n above her block hair. She clasp, 
ed bet kncei with her lumds, nnd Uhl her 
chin upon ilitiu. talking across Hie rows of 
tohnnsi with troubled, unseeing eye* At 
her side Zeb rat heartily of the cron-Wcnd 
and hncon. He was a man of Boleinn visage, 
freckled nod long and hulk; hilt llicie whs 
much uf kindly feeling in the depths of bis 
*yM, of honest resolution In his unlovely 
face. The neighbors spoke of him approv- 
ingly a- s- rlou* minded. 

"To’ 'ain't tan yo'se'f lately. It 'pen* to 
tnr." ta said, hunger having ‘lost its edge, 

" What * wrong with yo'?" 

"Nothin' ain’t the matter with >m.~ re- 
plied ('lorinda, airily and ambiguously . 

" Yo’ don't eat, un' yo' aim got nothin' 
to ray, an' yo're a geUtt? pcaki-det an' |s-nk- 
{•der. Fluky don't come over no more, dues 
be?" 

"'Deed I don't know, an' I don't enre, 
neither." 

" Seems like I 'ain't seen him yer since old 
Mis* l oggias died." 

Sili-Dci!. Clormda made tbe ptint of tar 
teeth all over her bunds, apparently much 
interested in tta deep imprcs*ionw they left 
"An 1 that was early in tta seas-m. wam't 
It? I rec'lcc'. for I had to Mop wurkiu' to 
send the mule to tta biiryln'." 

'"Ain't no call fn conic 'f he don't wanter: 
nobody wants tm k«* n jp»« do " 

' ' I see him at nu-eiin' lust Sunday . ta had 
Uls coudn along Hi* house goes on slow Iv 

' ' I reckon ta'll marry lib cousin, an' dc'U 
lead blm a dance," said Ctorlnda, oracularly. 

"Finky’s party much cut up almnt tho 
Way paj> treated Iiiin; so onexpecied. too. af- 
ter |aario’ '* if ta were willin' ll« look 
miVnhlr I never see a mis'ahlnr look in' man. 

I do believe rw could 'mo*' count hi* teeth 
tlirough bln lips. He never bail flesh to spare, 
lmt he* ns lean nu' pore I'm a lhinkin' 
he'd tatter he n preparin'.” 

" Well. ta newln't Inketi Ills spite out on 
me I couMn't help pap s notions / w»s 
willin' enough." And lo Zeb'* nslnnishtnenl 
she broke Into a pasHon of (cars, hot, angry, 
in Bcra-rduncc with tar nitlurt . 

All summer (he Morin lwd been Imwing, 
hut a stuldavro pride kept it nt hay, Now. 
her with hind tawed <xi her knees, and the 
white weed over her trembling and shaking 
with the violrnre of her sob*, she wept her- 
self into a quieter frame of mind than she itarl 
known since her lover wns -o peremptorily 
dismiss'd; tltc slxwleoming* of his father 
visinsl on hit hear), mid tint* on hers. Tear* 
of ttiieev, rebellion, wound* d pride, und feel- 
ing for her own d*solntion. jealousy of every 
girl within twenty miles — hi* ciwt«in first »f 
all— exhnusied thetnselve* at last in a gentle 
ruin of self-pity. 

"I'll lie an of mnld. 1 reckon. " she said, 
turning her face from her brother, with all 
tta sensitive shame of her class at being be- 
trayed Into tbe txprevioL of uu etuotioti 


"I'll soon he eighteen, an' noliody ’ll look >t 
me, even if I wanted i m to. which 1 civs'? 
I'll live along er jwp s long '* I live nt all 
an' take rare o' bint. He’s been good to tnr. 
pup lm». I tuu*' 'low, never a cTibw word till 
- -I Mr ScIiImii rode by without lookin' or 
light in', an' mode |iap think » if he were 
put I in' un airs, '.* if we warn't no ‘count, 
though I don't think ta tuean't it noways, 
him a-comin' reg'lar ever settee 1 con rrc' 
l»*c*. " 

" I had *om«? ronve'raUon with Pinky." 
Zeb went on, ili'rrBnrding Ills sister’a elo- 
queue*' an' In the cu sc of tta rawive'sati.-n 
Wi e. ' Zell,' lx- sm, * I dot? care tin more f'r 
w-fifii'. I taken a pride in ilmt house wtaa 
I was n-huildm It. Intt I wouldn't rare ef a 
w ind was lo eome an' hl»w It luler the mid- 
die of the crick.' 1 told him ta was fly In' la 
tiir face o' Frov Hence to talk like that, am' 
be 'towed lx- never thought tab-re Ural ice 
girl could make a' much diffTuce; 'at he 
usually taken - m all »* a matter o' ro se, one 
Jet- s goixt '» another, exerp fr looks; but 
somehow n' other he couldn t settle down lo 
Done of era, an' be **t me *■( i could kind c 
think --' some way o’ straightenin' out ma( 
ti-i * Ha My y ou don't look lo’nla him wbn 
vo' see irn, uer make no Mgn uet uotliin', an 
him bein' awful cut up. 1 ini' him Twarn’l 
no funk o yourn: ttat. know? a - yo’ ’* well 
• 1 do— all my life, * I may ray— I kuowtd 
yo warn't II girl liable to make signs, au' 
Ix-'d ta»t come htrnlehl T you, an' ast yo' 
your intent inn* lii-we! " 

" I'll jKitiy quick leil him, "mid ('lorinda. 
" - f he i -tin-* I oolin' roan' n«c a gen. I'll let 
Mr Pinky tahism know 'nl /ain't lo ta frick 
ml up an put down like »?n»e girls I know. 
Hi icll hhn fast enough. You jes let him 

Nevertheless, there was b softness in her 
eye — Clortmla la-ing formed for submission 
—I tare was a tremulous *«ix-toe«a ou tar 
lip. that, dt-spiir- the spirited w-rnls, would 
have cnrouRtged n Irra confident man than 
Pinky Bchistn. Zeb, obtuse iu LI* linilied 
knowledge of tinman nature, »m not de- 
ceived. He ri-marked, quietly, 

"Then yo' lUm't wan' r hear nn more. I 
expec'," and made as (bough ta would fetch 
bis mule. 

Clorinda laughed, and leaning backward, 
•truck the tall Hems of the wlld-carrot until 
Its dainty umtal* danreii in a hundred gyra- 
lions above her upturned face 

" Well, then, for pmafiteM' rake, lelt mo 
what the goo*«- raid, an' lw <lon-- wnh It!" 

" lie said lied lurni many tiling* over In 
his mind nn' be had a offer to iiinke y o', 
nonH'Ddnk like this— '.it you two -tumid jes 
walk -iff quietly like au' git married, '' 

Zeb's fate glowed willi unseltldi enlhusi- 
a*m; his great cavt-moas mouth stretched 
from car to ear in n rare smile. He spread 
hi* lian-U in a comprehensive ge-*line. which 
raid, plainly. "There is nothing simpler; nit 
Voiir difficulties lire solved; prej-nie to be 
happy, " 

Cliiriixla'a face fell. "Oh!"*he gasped; 
"but pap?" 

" He ean't «iy nothin’ when ifaall over s u' 
done with-” 

" He won’t have nobody to do fr him " 

'■ Wliat'a w rung with me? (in't I find Tin 
somethink to eat?" 

" Flip * been good (o me," she said, dogged- 
ly, "nn it doit l seem right to go agvn im. 
even for Pinky Bchisni— him tain a invalid 
«noe tta; wa’! " 

Zeb said nothing, ntuu-l. hut ta made *ev- 
eml remarks Ix-lnw hi* breath before ta con* 
lltiucd: " An' lie said-- Pinky did — 'f you'd 
coma along o’ roe t’ ihe Imsh rneelin'at Mar- 
ly's nex' Sumlav. he'd meet us on the load ef 
he had to walk; an' you two, bein' deepest 
concerned, could talk ihe matter over, me 
bein' no impedywenf. That's about all. •*> 
fur 's I ree lect. Now what yo' goit? lo do. 
so '« I can tell Pinky 'a cane 1 »ec him?'' 

" I "wo'f go; I fon t go. Zeb. Thout tellin' 
pap. No; tli— beat thing 1 run do '* Jc* lo 
go Tonga-livin' a ol' maid s lung » I live, like 
Jcnny Taylor; she's thirty-four 'f sJie's u 
day. an' notady to look at fx-r twiret." 

Like must natures of which her own was 
a type t-ta enjoyed coiilcmplaiing a racrlfieu 
never to ta offered, making the most of its 
proportions; but site coula not nooount for 
tbe * IIcct *?f her words on Zeb— tta blm.lt 
that tinged his forehead, tta fallen jnw, and 
injitmi expression of eyo. Bislen are* Idlnd 
sometime*. How was she to know that Mis* 
Taylor and tar eight years of seniority were 
proving • powerfully dUturbhig element in 
Zeb's ii-ocsl mind? 

Mr Lamum was prennreii amt fortified In 
apend tlx- long Scptrnitar Sunday alone. A 
number of old newapajper* bnd tarn brought 
nut for him w|t|i which he inicnded to re- 
fresh his mind as to half-forgotten even to, 
a generous stit-ply of provision* placed with 
In reach and Ii- and hi*, bound left to them 
selves. Zeb and ( 'lorinda started lo (be tliiet 
ir-g early. Tbe mule wa* never more averse 
l-i Im veiling than oil Holiday, us Zeb kitew 
fi--m long experience! Over tta uneven, uar 
row rr-*-j they Jolted, between scrubby her- 
der* of brush aixl brier, under a fierce sun. 
oennl»uullj' through tta grateful Hindu of a 
strip of woods alive wlili Lolmy air* and the 
flu tiering* und vuirr* <>f hinis and Insects. 

The run- 1 lu Mari} * lay through a flat and 
uniimls'Tcd country, broken tare nnd there 
by sludlun -rir-ks and branches running up 
from tta- tiv«-r and easily fonled. At one of 
Ihe fords Mr. Schism, mounted ou his chc*t- 
nul colt. MeUied to have came upon them 
by accident, and to rerogiuxe iheai with dull 



« 


J A.JTUART 8, 1881. HARPER’S 


culty, at whom Clorinda would not look, but she. stepping with a dignity commensurate 
•tad a Tory serious time in arranging anil nr lit Irer new estate Into a smart new buggy, 
ivrrntiging the dinner banket to her ratbfar .Mr. and Mrs. Schism would drive away 
tlon. through till 1 4mll| to nib new lionio and 

Z**li observed that it wil« ‘‘purtv warm " Itappine** ever after 
'I r, Schism raid, "A little"; iiud after water- " 1 ran't do it noway." she tohl him, ns she 

• »> ic their horses, they resumed their Journey had told her brother. Nevertheless she in 
toward Marly's, Mr. Stliism, politely in the formed herself beyond mistake as to tlw 
rear, the iiiicoiisriiHta recipient (tf n (treat deal hoar and spot at which lie proposed to uwalt 

• >f red dust. The meeting had already la* her, and though she said attain mid again, 

irnn. Tiie first sound they heard was the "I can't do it." she had already settled in 
liittli strained voice of flic Drencher, then the her mind (lie advisability of turning the 
plunging of a Horae In the budie*. the erark iiaek hteudlh In her preen «*til! (town, and of 
inK of twig* and linurebcs, and the subdued wearing a winter Imniu-l. considering that 
voicwa of the nnlmprMatd on the outskirts the season might he r*>hh r so far away from 
of the gathering Zeh tied the nude, and home. The sound of lusty voices In a stir- 
being a seriiMis-io i mhsl you up man. tixik his ring hymn suggested to them the propriety 
place among the elder- The pulpit and of returning So nrcupled was she with her 
pint form were lniilt of old plnnku. toned to own thoughts that she |.*ok*d at Ze b and 
silvery gray by min and sun, resting upon nnt- Miss Jenny Taylor singing rapturously from 
ural support*. Six young hickories, grow tin* Kime book without comprehending the 
iiur at convenient angle-*, h.-td bean lopped gravity of the situation. She left with her 

off about four feet from the ground, and brollrer at III* close of the -err ire, and nil 

hopeful despite misfortune, still sprouted Hi* wav home through the fragrant, golden 
clusters of brilliant green, Around llic plat- nir sin- told Ireraelf inniimcrable time*. "I 
form great heap* of mk liranehes were moss- os n 7 do it," bimI its often fell lu ronlemplu- 
«1. nnd Hie spore eni-lnapd for possible peni- ting result* should she change her mind, 
tents, their comforter*, rxliortere. etc. spread Wednesday afternoon won; on with all the 
knee ileeji with golden straw. brilliance and beauty of which tnte Septem- 

Clnriitd.* took her place among the younger ber l« capable. An amber light Imthed ev. 
Women anil girls, and listened patiently to ery tree, weed, and blade of grass Cloud* 

the sermon. The preacher, a young man of muguifkem purple, rosy and violet, girth- 

from Washington held forth against the van errd slowly about the went. Clonmla, gown- 
Itle* and lens put ions of a wicked world. He ed in her green frock, wearing a winter hon- 
rxlioricd his hearers, some of whom had nev- net. n shawl ncruM lier arm, earn* out of the 
or seen a playhouse, to licwate of the Imlefnl kitchen, nod lingered along the garden. .Most 
influence of tlw theatre, lie painted in Intro- of the vegetable* had died down, but the 
ing words the dsuser* of balk ami fashion cabbage looked well, also the patch of lur- 
nldc follies to people whose wibk-t disslpa nip* and the cllabhgJMHi 
lion was n corn shucking or a quilting lie In among the vegetable* a few old-fnsh- 
wam aulte a young man, ami. ns f'iorlmU told toned flower* grew — kim-me-over tbegur 
herself long after she Inst the thread of the den-gntc. tall and graceful, along tire pH It; 
discourse. "he preached uu‘ preached an' love- Ilea- bleeding, blnck eynl *u*nii«: and 
preached." ngalusl the hen-house a rose-lmsb. that had 

She found herself, later on. fare to face been a wonder of dainty pink in the spring, 
with her admirer, who. with a generosity shook in the breeze until iu few brownish 
•ca roely to lie expected under the circnni leaves let go their hold, and floated lelvurely 
stance* asked plaintively, •• Ilnw'a yn' p*pT” nway, turning over and over In tMr flight 
To whom Clorinda, with much dignity, to the ermiud. 
made amwer.*' He's jes tlte aaiuc, 1 tu ‘hliged Clnrlnda looked at the homely spot with 
t' yo'. " something like shame in ber face, Her fa- 

They were walking slowly swnv from the tlu-r's Icsn hound, hearing her footstrp, left 
other*,' down a smooth glaue iu tbe wood*, hK sleeping master, and stood in the sunlight 
dusky with dense shadow pierced with shut- lit the corner of the house, blinking stupidly 
der lances of golden light. Mr. Schism sigh- Ht the unusual sight of hi* mistress in her 
ed and cleared hia tlmnit: not eliciting u re- Sunday gown on week-days. He could not 
sponae. he cmiglied pstheticnlly. solve the problem, or perhaps liad lost nil 

" Vou don’t 'pear to he any too well yo’- ambition to do so: for after a while he turned 
se'f." raid Clorlnda. who felt that the slle'nce away, and. with many querulous noises. curl- 
must lie broken. ed himself up on tlx; step 

" It don't 'mount to nothin'; I tnken Cold " It ain't right," tomI t'lorimla. resolutely, 
some time ago We got rntiRiimpiion in the "and I know it; Intt It’s no more'n fair at 
fam'ly. Mv unrlr's wife died of it. Tears he should know what I think, the reason I 
to me the lies! thing that could happen to won't go.” 

some folk* ’ltd bo to put 'em out o' they With stern determination on her face, ex- 
tnis'rr." pressed in her IsstMfp, she walked down tile 

"1'lint ain't a Christ I* u s|ierlt. ‘ raid Cln- path between the bean |tole«. aud dmnppeur- 
rindn. severely She hail picked up a little ed in the woods 

store of cut ami dried sayings, which she ap- Later in the afternoon Mr l.nssum waked 
plied at random, with it vague idea of ml- from his nap. and called. "Clorindyt Clo- 
Riini*tering religious instruction rindy !" 

" It* a fae". seticv yo" pap acted so aston- Not receiving n response, he turned liis 
isblo' — so uuwrri/M. I may say— Ft* been face from the light, made a comfortable 
wrllnigh distracted, it a t-imin' so onexper*- place for his shouldrr In the feathers, and 
ed. an' the hnu«e ready an’ ev'ytbink. We've straightway drifted into u delightfully happy 
goo*- on mi' finished It. It's ready fnrwhnev- stub- between sleeping and waking, lie 
er 'll come nfter me— Boh, or Joe, most like heard Zeh'* heavy foot fall in llic garden, 
ly. as lie's stronger notions o* morryin'— hut half uncotiNChmsIv. In the porch, and over 
it ain't flalsbcd f'r mt; / don’t xpec‘ to lie the kitchen, and then the awful tidings, 
yer long " ' Tap. Clorindy's gone off with Pinky 

This was very melancholy Mr Schism Schl-rei. an’ I wouldn't !*■ * 'prised 7 slie 
Ivad an infinite pity for himself, and (.Turin- were married ini' nil by this timer 
da’s heart won lender; the result was tlml Mr. I,n-Miitu sprung to the Hirer. »ml turned 
soon the foolish tears were wetting Iht instinctively to waid tlw spot w Irene lie had 
cheats, ami die. tortured betwixt desire nnd been accustomed to hwve bis trousers some 
duty, lenned alternately to one and the other, ten or more years ago. Strange to ray. nfter 
The d irk biota that 'iter father was. after so great a lapse of lime lie found them where 
all, hut an invalid from choice were beyond lie last placed them. It had l*» n a daily 
ber comprehension. TIh* proposal that she duty of Clorinda'* to shake, turn, and lay 
should steal away from one who had allow- tlrem nrnilv over tbe hark of the chair, 
rd her to nrnlribute to hi* mnintroanre nnd When Mr. I.tism in was first attacked by hi* 
comfort since long before l»er child l-h most mysterious and insidious disease, be 
strength was adequate to tlw task shocked weighed less than at present, was. indeed, of 
ber sense of gratitude rather a slender physique, and popularly 

" An ' him never * much os give me a crow know u among hi* friend* a* " |.<ing Job I jni- 
word sum" ; but since then ho had accumulated an 

On the other hand, to lie Pinky Schism's imm-eim* amount of Hrsh, so when lie *t- 
wife had seemed in her. from tlie lime site tempted to get into hi- long diwanled gnr 
first kiegan to look toward the port mairimo- tiu flf, In- found that though originally cut to 
tiUl. the climax of enrlhly inippln«-*s and nllow plenty of room. ]<aiiirtilnrlr a* to 
prosperity. Not the Colonel'* son himself, breadth, it was now a very tight fit. Dressed, 
whom she lead seen on an occasional fox- he presented ll*c appearance of having been 
•'bate, rould in her ere* compare with the mellr-d and (mural in hot 
beau of her circle. Beside*, she wa*. accord- " Hitch op tbe mule. Z*b*dee," lie sternly 
lug to l.i-r light, aconventional soul Pinky* commanded "The ungrateful creator! At 
propoani to ride away In the night to the ter all 1 done f'r that girl; more'n a mother 
county town awl tlod’n minister who would to Vr" 

marry ihetn, or. failing there, take tlx- Imnt Zrlmlrr stnod xprlttxuind. root«l to the 
fur Baltimore, lacked respectability in her spot; then a great light seemed to break 
etc*. Xo other girl of ber acquaintance through his mind. Reflection* of ronlrmpt, 
had ever been married under such cireum- di*gu«t. nnd anger succeeded each other rap 
‘lance*. Idly over Ills fscc. With so*|deuius alacrity 

She had often planned her wedding Zeh he slmde to the stable, and hame**rd the 
wradd ride around the country on* nfk-rni*in mule to the nondescript vehicle in whirl) he 
*Ld invite the r.eiglit" i>; -he would make and t l»niidn hm I goti.; to Im-h meeting the 
the necessary household preparntiona She previous Sunday 

had often picturml the arrival*; the long ta- " 1 'spirnmnl it," he said, wmthfully, a* 
l)le »|>resil in the kitchen, the «en-utl<>M (tic he drove to the Imnw " 1 '*pic -ionnl it this 
bride would create entering tire best room in munv a year an' now I know It," 
the midst of the solrmn atm-mhlagu. She M idi difficulty Mr. luissum elimlwi into 
had even provided the nrearlwr with a tire sent He was too angry ns vet to anpre 
. hagthy address, nnd herself with suitable re- elate tire novelty of hia surroundings With 
i Pita to the usual congratulation*, ami then, all the wenktre-"* of n jielty lymnnicnl nnture 
alien tbe Rev. Mr Smoot and a few of the *rt detinner. lie raged iit tin- Schism* nnd 
elder* had gone, there would be a dance for hi* duiurhier. Livid with anger, the h.-mils 
the young folk*— " Pitch In. Tucker," and that gra*|*(*l tire sides of tire wagon for sup- 
The Cheel,” with old Jim Coomhs at the port shook n» if with the ague Zeb leaned 
fiddle. Afler good- byes to pap and Zeh. how forward, elbows on knee*, the reins hiuig- 


WEEKLY. 15 


log loosely from hia hands. Ocraslonally planatioos fr y>'. All I want to know is 
hr Jerked the mule's mouth, and made it this, what yo’ gait' to do about Flaky an' 
queer chirruping noiae to hasten progress. (.'Inrindy f" 
but his thought* were far away from the " Him to come o-cararln* pas'—” 
present lie i bought of t ho days inimrdi- " Tbnl ain't lire thing. I reckon nf people 
ateijr after the wnr, ten years ago, when tbe know'tl what me an' yn knows they’d stop 
bim'len of lire fumilv * ’support fell on hi* longer 1 # jo' want ’em. an' be more part Ir 'In r 
shoulders, how Ire blindly followed his own in their 'tentions tliiui 'ud please yo - . This 
idea of whnt was best, caring tenderly, ns b what 1 want to know, are vou a gob*' to 
hi* nature prompted, for Clorfod*. and rev- give your consent peaceable like to Pinky 

rrrmly for hi* father He recalled the feel- nil' < ‘Inrindy when we come up with ’em, 

mg of awe with which in those first bard supposin' we ever do? Yes or no?" 
years lie used to stand beside lire bed, how " H m m." began Mr l^issiitii again, to be 
he prayed to find morning, noon, and night, again interrupted. 

in hls 'alttc room nnd iu the field, to relieve " I eim't rMsmelle it to my conscience to 
the sufferer and put the pun on him lie a partaker in a He with you. know!#’ n* 

Hard, hard, hard! Hut harder in after well '* 1 do 'at a sin ’* n sin; but ('Inrindy'* 

years, when a doubt ,v> ta lire geniiiiirtinta of lm<l nil tlw domtuevriti' site * gold* to stall*, 
this affliction began to fasten itself on hi* an' much » I Irate it, I'll make a even trade 
mind. When the neighbor* gathered around with yo’. Promise to do lire square thing 
to provide hb father the spiritual refresh by Cb’irtndy. an' i'll keep my inonili »lu-t on 

merit of winch by ren*on of Ills infirmity he the subject o yo' mororle * long '* yo' soy- 
as.* deprived, black thoughts tortured him nothin' alemt It before mr. Ye* or no?” 
as he sat apart and bean! lire plaint We hymn In the sth-iicc that followed, Mr La-unim 
or tire supplicating prayer for mercy and nv looked to all points of tiie eonttaw for ad- 
Hrf. vice, and found it not. He looked up Into 

His vu an honest soul. He had for year* thn wonderful depOw of tire dusky skv. and 
struggled for grace to do tire right Many down to the shadowy roud way. 
times hud he lm-n on the point of licensing Zeb wa* working himself into a pamiuu, 
his father of imposture, but always doubt of after the manner of meek and long-suffering 
his own Judgment sealed his lip*. Hr was natures when touched to the quirk, 
faint and siek mentally nt the contemplation " Yes or no?" 

of this hvpocri*y. established now beyond a "My son. my son. do not Ire *o vi'SenL 
dnulK. lie thought over Biblical examples Heein' at it i* Clorindr, an' at 1 might V 
of sinner* and tlieir swift punishment, and lien a Itrlif hard on the young man »n hia 
ixiuhl call to tnlnd no sin commensurate with father's acvotiiit. I promise to consider; yes, 
tills. He won hi not have Ireen astonished 111 think about it " 

hn<l some dreadful evidence of wrath dc. "Promise now." raid Zeb. "'at they «hnll 
acendod from the sky upon the man at Ills marry wire# they like, or say no more ationi 
side. It, an' Ie» us each pn ostr ways; but you'll Ire 

Mr. Lassuin, before five mile* of the rood sorry ef \»' don't ’ 
bad been traversed, began to experience sen- " An’ from Irenrefo’tli this silhjec' shall be 
ration* of lKiiiil v <li*r.iinf<irt He n u* a ru* itantele** ’twix' m<- un you?" 
tic sybarite within the very limited sphere "It ain't such n pleasant un 'at we'll want 
in wilk-h It bad pleased Providence to place to chaw it over o' evenin'*. 1* It? / won't. 
Itim No ntre annoyed him with unpleasant An' now I'm on this track, I might's well 
detail* of house keeping; no Startling an- tell yo" at 1 reckon on roamin' myse'f before 
liouneenu-nis were math- in hi* peewMit-e. long ntt even after I'lorimly * gone yottll be 
t 'lorimla'* low voice was lower in *|K-aking looked to." 

to him, nod Zeb* deep litua took on a rel- He Jerked lire reins. and called. "Git up. 
vetv anfineon Hi* Ratline was not stmng will ye?” The mule plunged forward into 
rnough in support it steady anger, llewnnl lire tnoonlighi, aud around the bend of the 
ed some one to hear him tall names, hut Jit* mad they come upon a break-down, 
companion * face wa* not reamuring. Qriul- A maiden all forlorn snt by the way side, 
unllv the nnked tnitli dawiMvi iqiou him. <>p|*re|rc stood tire crostfallea figure nf Mr. 
He iiad In an UDguanled inomeut liopdessly Pinky Hrehbm, and between tlrem lay the re- 
dc*t roved hi* reputation n* an invalid — a mains of a smart new road-wagon. Tins 
reputnlion of ten years' naaiduou* ctiilivtt- clre-tnnl c-dt waa not there, 
thin. ’ "Clorindy. < 'Inrindy," called Irer father. 

Hi* occupation wa* ymr "1 take it all hack, ev'ry wptxl; an' I come 

The sun »rt, and a rold wind blew up from a purpose to tell VO’ 
the river. A grant white moon loometl drewnt At Ills voir* the gill started, frightened, 
ily out of a violet mi*i. shix.ketl , amt Irer companion, after llic faali- 

’Mr. I.iuuiim'* anger was merged in lire ap- Ion of ItU Illustrious ancestor, tnanv. many 
preciation of his great mistake. He was drgrens removed, insiincilvcly ahiehled hltti 
tired, sore, and hungry, and they jolted on self behind lu-r. 

in siU-nee. He cleared his throul. rhunged "Oh, pap. pap!" sire sobbed. “It wa* a 
his position, and sighed, but could see no WRy nrean thing to do — to leave yo'. an' you 
out of his dilommn. good— never a cruas word, an’ now thbll kill 

It was Zeb who spoke Ural. "Pap." be im." 
began, iu a voice totally mitlke hi* own. CWtrtady." rahl Zeb, leisurely getting 

'"seem * to me '* ef there's ben a misun'er down from hb place, "it 71 make a man •>! 

stan 'in' somewhere*." Itim— a well man— from tills time fo'llt ; an' 

" How *>j. my son?" you can thank vo' stunt to dial effee' 'at yo’ 

" Well, alion'l a pa'oel o' thing*, bit mn*' tnken lire co"08 vo' did. I'np'II shake band* 

iu partic lsr about thi* cur'nire cotnplaint o' with I’inky. an' repeat the wools 'at 1 have 
yotirtt. Baema #7 mM to m '* ef It were a raid." 

maraclr ” Mr. Lassittu (reamed upon bis would-be son 

Escape waa mode known. Like u lladi he Inlaw; " We’re a omoy limes mBuken. an I 
seized Ids opportunity. never wu the man - a pore 'flirted inrnlid like 

"Zelreder." he raid, in an awe-struck voice, me — to hear spile. One evenin', some lime ago 
" that's Jc* what it were— a tnaracle! ' in tire summer. 1 might V Iren a little hasty 

Zeb turned his honest face, dark with in- Mnybe you wasn't as respec’ful a* yn might 
dignalion, upon him; hut far a time the V Iren. I won't lat (lie man to say JO* ttittn'f, 
shrewder intellect MM In* own Then on' 1 wont wn yo’ tut; but”— It* looked over 
was a revrrenre of expression on hi* father's kb ofauuhler to make sure nf Zeh'* convenient 
feature* (lint made him feel gttilty of pro distance, and lowered his voice— " tlreys Iren 
faulty, a imirni le.else how cause luy.re'f wrjnler ten 

"A mantcle, tltal's whst it were." year livin' obliged to keep mv bed? Don't 

Hi* eye* never wavered from the gaze of speak to Zclaitee on tho snhpre’: Trail hi* 
hi* son. who in deep dUgusl lurtird from religion Ztdietlre 'ain't that re* pec’ f'r wrird 
him, looked lirlplfoaly down the dusky rtmd. tiling* at I could wMi." 
and suddenly drew tiie Imise rein. Tlic young men went in u-nrclt of tire re- 

•'Wlton. iliere! lid * liavc it nut now fractory colt, nnd left < ‘Icuinrin nit awed li» 
'tween me an’ yon, uii'rrslood an' nil. I letter to Irer father'* recital. Sire never ln*t 
might's Weil tell yri nt I don't believe In tiie faith in the " maraelc.” mid. to Zeb* credit, 
maracle lMlsill«M newsy Thai is. o’ co'ne. wa* never entigbu-ie-d Sire married very 
outside o' Scripter, an' it - * route to me to- soon after. Tire wnUlliig. till her heart desired 
night 'at yo tnnde a jntrty consider hle fool — Jn*t ns she hnd planned whcn*he fiislcon- 
of us all. Not nn'jr roe, but (‘Inrindy ; mi letnplated henrelf a* a bride. Tire fact* of 
not on v noriody. intt the whole country s tire uosiicceraful elopement were never whol 
well. I don't rare about myself. Tire good Jy known to the community 
Liwd //•• knows yo' wa* a Pays welcome to In lire roUrtr of n few month* Mi** Jenny 
what / done Tr yo'; hut I here's Cloriudy. it Taylor became Mrs. Zeliedeu Lnwum, and 
do make tire bile when I think o' Iter a-dfoin* reigned in Clarinda's *teiwl. >Ir J.n*«iiiu s 
things day in an' out ’at you ottglil to V dime lioilily strength increased hut grailiiullr, al- 
yo'ae'f. But that ain't lire wti*t. by a long though Ire never tin* roniirelled to keep his 
shot, (i make me feel KjtHwnilsIt when I trying position in bed again. He fed tire 
think o'you a- lay in' tlrere. an' a-layin Tr ten eliiekcn*,amlwlth tben*-S-taireeof hi* hound 
long year. Ten— long -yenr—yn' 'laid there. ke|«t them out of litre garden; he drove tlw 
Kf 7 had a hen anybody* nine's fatlier. aoroe- turkeys Into tire tolnno pntrli, and *omr- 
liow 'tvrouldn't miittcred *n much; but nil time* felt able to fecit lire nogs; but Iti* dtt- 
tire ndgkhan a cumin arouu'yo' an' a pray tie* priticipslly consisted in 'sluing in the 
In', tioeli! when 1 think o' nil them good (Mirt h and furnidiing nn tmlimitnl qunnlily 
prayer* wasteil. an' nil them hymns f'r no- of advice on all subject*, lie loved, lore, in 
thiii .jes lu entertain yo' like. aiVgev ntayhy Zeb * ah-cn.*-, to enlarge on the marvel of 
a la itch in’ to yo'sc'f. I— I — feel like rayin' "lire maraclr," whose vroiiiler* and «wm 
somribink!" piny tug peeuliaritie* had so iiirrcnseil that 

Mr. Lil*mi!B niuntutrcd a sympathetic re- tlx- topic alone *ufib.-eil for an aficnioon'sen- 
spon*e. ICTtniument. He was regnnb*l with no little 

" But ilfil ain't what I'm u gettiu to. Kf awe hy many nf hi* auucbites. noticeably by 
lire folk* k mm 'd you'd Ireti a-ioolliT 'em f'r women, ami lunch »yrapaihv wa* exptv*«ed 
ten year, penrealiii- '* they i*. tlrev'd tar ami for tic' total lark of ap|>reeialion coldly in;itii 
feather yo'. I do belh-vr iu my heart." fe*u*| by hi* siui.wlo* evidently bad no faith 

A PonvuNive trenuir rail nrrr the cnipril'* iu miracle* of lire pre*cnl day, nnd whose 
while liody. " llvtwix' iuv iiu'jjvoi. ZcUKlee." advent was the signal for the inosi in*pireil 
lie began, persuasively. recital to <*mre to a sudden anil i-nil*>rrn**ed 

"Jo ot-cdui jpv’ tnr to make no et- conchi>iou A Lloa« lit.'tr 


16 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1770. 






before many day* I learned Umi it was aim ply 
a Irirk of his in gain a eesaailou nf motinu. 
and to ituud lu glowing comfort before the 
stove. 

" I don’t think you should blame I he poor 
mini,' Mid Piillladu one day. after I hail been 
expressing nrwlf on hi* manner of work ini;, 
or rather avoiding work: "In; must gel au 
occasional chill out there.” 

• ‘ Perhaps be does,” I replied; "he cer- 
tainly mind* Mill long enough to. Hut that 
should not excite your sympathy; for when 
he iteia a diJII by’ simply standing still, he 
sbniiM realize a burning fever by working 
like a beaver.” K R. Mi Nkirrim a 


AN EQUIVALENT FOR SUICIDE 

lr «rv show nor boAlIji Im trail les to Bisks away 
with ns thningb ces1«t. have we such la linaacus* 
mtiml sanotHE'uiHr :h« dellbersle eulcMe* Scarcely. 
Fur i-xsinpli-, III* ilenl I <if Hr-Cus Hleesae, 

dinlHOrw. arute MptirtCs. Mid grsvri la •lire— iWimi |rr» 
flhljp swUl III the «»l»stm|ili». M-»t ol m «• 

« lie li r.eaistl>iii know itit this Is Hi* slaplx. uo- 
T.i nil* bed tralh In rrsaril to tb>»e wMdy prevalent 
. To detoy jodlcliins aw^hathiii Is speelslly 


MUM. WIRBLOWB SOUTH I NO SYIIIT 
has beta used tw met lies yeses by tslllkw* n« 
muth'iakirth'IrrhlMrea » luV imh»(. with |«tfi-rt 
swrrsss It si withes iherhlM.sotiras tl-e ir*"<>, shuts 
all pola. cures wind i-dtr, *»-A is the lisss temedv hw 
dlsrri-wa bold by ilrnmcwis hi etrrr psit of the 
world. Twenly-Bte renin a ImtUe.— |drf#.| 

TIIB VOICE. 

Ticni who overtax the viilr* la slagine nr pnbllc 
sfeaklsg wIB M««t Bumwh Taia-iin" 

rtrn«li»*lt useful NOkMlIC them i'>ewdnremnrr than 
ordinary exertVm wiib ciiinparsltiu 


T'> tits Rnitna' PVsee Inf.xm yinir leaders that I 
Tin nsi Disease* DbBnMUS, hnffulii, N, T — M«t» ] 

BROWN'S BorSBMOIJl PANACEA. 


t'SK BItOWR'SCAM PIIORATED SA POttACBOl'S 
PKN I IFMH K lor the TErrU lMHJCIUlIt »e. 
— (difv.l 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 
a Drgnrtsixo katic*: 


we go from r*re 
fereuce. we ahull 
lat laughed at ; 
lint if our return 
be but a ouoMinu 
nf br.ullb, the 
aVRijxtlby of our 
friends will lie 
lavished upon 
us." 

That very day 
1 trudged over h 
Cranberry Cor 
n era— for it wt 
too cold lo drive 
—and made a call 
on the doctor. 

I ae." be 
said, after lie hnd 
BSfcod M II bs 
questions; "a 
bard out door oc- 
cupation, and no 
rest of tsody or 
spirit The thing 
you iicmI is not 
medicine, but an 
in-door life, a 
sedentary occu- 
pation. Now If 
you could only 
get to tbe city. 


« this prospect of getting 
f it. We were tilted witli p 


••Nothing." I replied; "but 
re got to go to the eity for it-" 

We never before experienced 
such happinraa in Dove's Nest 
if getting out 
lied with gen- 
tle visions of pirlurc exhibi- 
tions. a tid matinees, and pleu- 
snnt luncheons at I be rvaiau- 
rnnt. and the Ibmisnnd and one i 
other things that serve to make ] 
life wurili living in the city 
In die course or it few days I 
managed to effect a rom promise 
with Hie owner of Hie plaec, 
who. it aoems. In Ills effort* to 
dispense Dutrb windmill* on a 
lance walo. »ns nbout us sue- 
restful aa I bad been In distin- 
guishing im self as a farmer, 
inasmuch as Hie great majority 
of the tlrscrmUnts of llie old 
Dutch Mltlcra — who would 
nnturally acknowledge a pro. 
dileetiou for dir quaint windmills nf Holland 
— lived in New York, when the windmill 
toils not, neither does It spin. 

A* the real proprietor woutil be on hand 
to take possession in the course of two weeks, 
I made up my mind to tnkr things easy for 
that perirul of time. In looking over U»o 
colutnna of our daily paper, that was often 


FA KM I NO. 
XV III. 


1 T last the mnnv-hued autumn passed 
j V away on glittering golden sandals, and 
the only proof that the trees liad ever known 


curled leaflets Unit mill clung und trembied 
on tlic scrub -nnk*. Ansi then old winter 
Mime on apace willi sneli fury that even Mir 
winter tipples could not resist lu power to 
freeze tltein. until they wen: ns hard and 
frigid as so many snowballs. By keeping a 
rousing lire nil the time, and drinking plenty 
of hot water for tny dyspepsia, 1 managed 
to keep rea*ORaldy warm, although I often 
thought of the poor K»|uiinnu. amt how lie 
keep* up a happy glow on a dirt of oil, 
while I looked fondly at the krroMcro 1 lamp, 
n» ilHMigh I would empty it at a 
draught. in imitation of the hardy 
scaMiunb-r 

"If colil weather ami snow 
combined make a good fertili- 
zer. " I remarked, "next yeiir 
ought to be a great one fur crops." 

" Flo you expect lo farm an- 
other year?" asked Philluda. 

"Perhaps the owner of Dove's 
Non will want it." 

"He will have it. whether he 
want* it or not." f responded, 
glad of the opportunity to tie 
clttro myself 

*• Indeed I think we hare test- 
ed farming.” slui went on. with- 
out even iiuliilging in a smile at 
my expense. 

“Indeed w« bnve. " I said, 
from the bottom of my heart, 
when I thought of (he trials, ex- 
pense, iiud result* of tbe wild 
experiment. " Hut there Is one 
thing I must do first of all.” 

" Anil what may that be?” asked Pllillada. 

" I must have n doctor order me track. II 


when yon eould. for in- 
Manrc, keep u set of 
books, you would lie a 
new mnn in a 
month." 

“Once upon n 
time I was a book 
keeper." I replied, 
willi a Imigii. 

"Go anil be one 
ngnin." lie said, 

• and you will be 
all right." 

I never paid 
more cheerfully for 
anything in my life 
than l did for that 
advice, and 1 walk- 
ed lionu: so briskly 
(but I lie observer 
would hare been 
more apt to suspert 
that 1 was naming from home for a 
dorlor Ilian thni 1 was running home 
from a doctor. In fan. no one would 
e for a moment suspected that there uiis 
anything the matter with my general health. 


I*nrii<d i but our out flat was In the market; 
and by rom-Kivondenrc I suececded in secur- 
ing it 'at lli« old figure, which was very salia- 
factory to me. and saved me the trouble and 
annoyance of going to town on 
a Kin bunk 

About tbU lime a recently 
landed Irishman came to roe and 
ttoiit-htd the privilege of w orking 
for his lioarxl. Indeed. the wea- 
ther w as too cold to w arrant even 
a nnturally hard-beurled mini in 
closing his earn to trad his door 
against such a pathetic ip|x?nl ns 
u prayer for labor without pecu- 
niary’ reward. So I smiled upon 
his humble petition, knowing 
that if I could only prevent his 
presence at the kiiL-ben Move, ho 
would he obliged to work to keep 
wurnt. and tluit would givo roe a 
rhani-c to jairt my coat tails at 
the open fireplace, and enjoy a 
slight portion of the long needed 
rest that tbe doctor suggested on 
tlw- occasion of my recent viral. 

Although n fairly attentive 
workman, I think he was chiefly 
to lie enjoyed through hi* ul- 
teinpi* nl sociability, w hich were 
nevn lacking. Whenever ho en- 
tered u warm room hr would pre- 
fer some enmphiini. such ns (he 
fnrt. dimnveml by him. that a 
certain Irak in die barn wn* let- 
ting the min into the liran bin; 
or offer a suggestion, such as 
blanketing the cow a* well as the 
horses; and tln-n drift off into a 
st-ric* of n-rairuM-ence* after the 
fnsliion of Mr Van Hkklc. This at first led 
me to believe that ho was a worthy man; hut 




I 



? . y 

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SUPERINTENDENT MORAY, OF TFIE NEW YORK POLICE FORCE- Draw* run* Ltrr. ht Airnrrn ,T. OnonMAX -(Skk Pa«r 29. 1 


18 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 


Smalley's London Letters. 

London Letters, and Some Others. ByGKOROE 
W. Smalley. London Correspondent of the AVw* 
York Tribun*. Vol. I. Personalities— Two Midlo- 
thian Campaigns. Vol. II. Notes on Social Life- 
Notes on Parliament — Pageants — Miscellanies. 
i Volumes. Svo, Cloth, Uncut Edges and (Jilt 
Tops, $6 oo. 

For the emt part Mr. Smalley tells of Knglnh life *ttd Eig- 
hth |Kil>lic men, anil uhai he lm lo tell hi tulil in tlie 1**1 ii*aii- 
iver of what Matthew ArnoM un«d to tall the "New Ji.um.il- 
l«m.” ... He ha» * keen eye fur the miIm-iii pntnu of charnctet 
ami imliviilnitlitr. a viviJ »ay til preventing great wene* ami 
memnralile occasions, and a wide acquaintance with English 
social life, its trap and it« personalities. —L*aA*a Timtt. 

Any one into nhenc hands they may fall, if he hut open 
them, is sure to liecnoie a reader lie will nlight on some pas- 
sage which compels the perusal of at least two or three page* 
Alter that lie it mi longer a free agent, — 0'4i/*va> /Am U. 

Will be trail with interest and pleasure l»y everybody inlo 
wl»i«e hand* they tall. Mr. Smalley in a keen ubsertes of Hng- 
l.sh life, cm ilk social as n ell as its political side.— A'. Y ItrruU. 

Mr. George \V. Smalley it a power in jotarnaliom. No letters 
written from England before hi* day. and no letters written 
time, have leen comparable to his in dignity of style or authot- 
ityol information. Hr lias sources of news at hit command that 
are i Lord to other corrcs|>ondeiiik ; rulini pervinages break his 
tread ami cat hit salt, and cheerfully cocibde to hint tlieir secret* 
and gossip of government. —PS ikiJt If hut Prtst. 

Pi rlhiird tiv HARPER & BROTHERS. New York. 

F.t in.', b, all JwAi vfflm. Jr m Uk, un, *, Ik, fwHuktrt. ,W«JV r c 

J . !• fan t / tb , Sul ,,. Canal *, rr Mrtn .,. m ran ft Jf Ik , 


No. 1777. 

Harpers Weekly. 

WITH COVER. AXD M'PPLKMKXT COXTA ININA 
AX ILHSTRATKD ARTICLE ON TWK CUCAXMXU 
OV UHKAT CITlfcA 


TERRA! 10 tiitlK A flirt *1 no * IMU, IN A»T VXt'L, 

Satm-iifdiom limy Ai yin wilk any .YannW. 


PRESIDENT! A L fiPECU LAT10NS. 
fPHR national nominating Conventions will nol 
I bo culled for timer than u year, and will not «*- 
won hi* until a vc.tr from next AUiumer. But the 
jHtpalar fondness f.ir polilicnl speculation in *o gen- 
eral that 111 ** pndmbilitie* of the uclinn of the Oouven- 
tiomt are already warmly disc limed. especially upon 
tin* Democratic side. The riant* of Pirnidcnt Hah 
lilsox's mioniination lies in his position as the head 
of the civil service, not in hi* personal popularity. 
Mr. Blaine must be always considered a possible 
cm miniate. Bill. lieside* the fact of hi* defeat in 1884. 
t hets> is non- u strong Republican opposition to him 
to he reckoned with. In tiie situation of to day Mr. 
K< rlltCKT T. I.ISimI.v in the tin ml promising Republican 
candidate, wlm-b is a curious illustration of the forces 
that control Olir politic*. On the Dcuiorratir side 
lltere are hut two candidates nc-ntioued. Mr. Cleve- 
land and flovernor lilLL. They are both of New 
York, whose electoral vole U essential to DrutiH*ratic 
surer*. Mr. Cl.KVKI.aXD. like Mr. BulMC. has been 
once defeated. Hut while the Kepublican party 
rallied in List*. It was disastrously beaten upon its 
chosen issue in 1RT >. ami the issue upon which Mr. 
Cleveland was beaten ill 1888, and of which he is 
the distinctive representative, was enthusiastically 
approved in 1890. 

Hut nominations are not logical, and they seek 
negative rather than positive men. Tiie patriotic en- 
thusiasm which great military surema and distinction 
awaken may he counted upon to bring an eminent anti 
successful soldier into the Presidency Hut poliin-nt 
service does not secure the same enthusiasm for a 
stuD-smuti. as the instances of CLAY, the leader of the 
Whigs, and of Seward, the Republican leader, .show. 
Mr Cleveland is the popular Democratic leader of 
to-day ; lie is the logical candidate of his party; lie 
represent* both ila chief issue and its new spirit: he 
would command a large vote beyond his party, which 
would not be given to .any other Democrat, certainly 
not It) Governor IIili.: his former administration 
and liis course in retirement have made him popti- 
larlv stronger than lie has ever been ; but for all Llnst 
liia nomination cannot be assumed os certain The 
opponitiou to him la strongest in Ilia own Slut-Mind it 
is thoroughly organiz'd, while his friends art- not 
organized al nil; it controls the party machine, which 
is very powerful in the election of delegates. The 
fact of his acceptability to a great body of indepen- 
dent voters is disagreeable to the traditional " Democ- 


racy, and the feeling between the extreme CUVI 
land aud Hill Democrats tit New York is so biller 
that intelligent Democrat* elsewhere cannot help 
herd i tig it when the decision must be made. 

It i* the doubt of the fidelity of the op]Kming wing 
in New York, in the event of the nomination of either 
Mr Clkvei.and or Governor Hill, that makes the 
nomination of either doubtful. In the probable judg- 
ment of the wise head* of the Democratic Convention 
the nomination of either would imperil the vote of 
New York. If this view he correct, the nomination 
would go elsewhere That result would lie umlouhl 
edlv satisfactory to the II 1 1.1. "boomers," for appar- 
ently the whole HILL boom is merely a device to 
defeat the iiominutioii of Mr, Cl.KVEl.AXn. Tiie Hll.l. 
boomer* care lens for Hill'h success than for Cleve- 
land's defeat. Tiie movrnient i* inspired by |ter- 
annul hostility to Mr. CLEVELAND. But there is 
something else to consider. The failure to nominate 
Mr. Cleveland, who stands for the conviction and 
spirit that triumphed at the late election, would chill 
everywhere the new life and hope of the Democratic 
party. It would restore to prominence the discred- 
it ml tendencies of tiie party, and would be equivalent 
to the rejection of the Democratic policy as illustrated 
in the coarse aud views of Mr CLEVELAND. The 
election of 1K1HJ compels the Democratic party to 
make tarilT reform the chief issue of 1892, and to set 
aside the Democrat who raised that issue would he n> 
disheartening nml absurd to the party that it would 
injuriously alfect the campaign. The cry of mea- 
sures not men k nud that u party is greater than any 
of its leaders, cannot silence the demnud for a man 
who is himself the author of the measure, and for a 
leader who is himself an inspiration for his party. 
The chill of Mr. Cleveland's rejection would affect 
the Dcinnerutie party most seriously in the Stale to 
secure whose vote In* would lie rejected. If the Hill 
wing would connive at his defeat if It® were nomi- 
nated, what would l«e the effect upon the Cleveland 
wing if the IIlLb wing should succeed in setting him 
aside ? These also are question* for tiie wise heads 
of the Convention. 

THE ALDRICH RULE. 

TtIK principle of a rule providing for closing tie- 
bate in tin* Senate is sound. It i9 simply the prin- 
ciple of the rule of the majority. If the minor- 
ity may rightfully prevent legislative action by the 
majority, our whole political system is subverted. 
If the minority mar rightfully obstruct action, the 
necessary legislation for the proseculiou of the war 
for the Union could have been prevented. Mr. Kl»- 
iicndm’h recent remarks upon this point are unan- 
swerable. But it does not follow because a rule for 
closing debate may be pmperiy provided by the Sen- 
ate. that any rule whieli may lie proposed is justifia- 
ble or wise. Because government is necessary in 
civilized society, it does not follow that deg|ioti*m 
must Im* tolerated. Undoubtedly also, as Mr. En- 
JtrXIW says, the general principle is us applicable to 
discussion upon a proposition to end debate as u|miii 
any other pro|msilioi). If the majority lias tie! rigid 
to rule, the minority has not the right tu prevent the 
majority from taking action upon a specific measure 
to close delude. All ibis is incontestable. 

But nil this does not justify the passage of the AL- 
DKH'ii rule. That rule i* mil a proposition for gen- 
erally rinsing debate, but for reselling a vote upon a 
particular bill at this session. The purpose i* jier- 
feclly well known. It is not to enable the Semite al- 
ways lo reach a vote after reasonable discussion It 
is to reach a vote ii|m>ii the election (all. Now, while 
a proper rale for closing delude is permi.ssililr. the oc- 
casion for adopting it. not a* a general rule, hut to 
puss a particular bill, should be one where it is evi- 
dent that public opinion strongly demand* it. Since 
the organization of the Senate a century ago. mill in- 
cluding a period of passionate debate* that ended in 
civil war, such a measure lias not been found neces- 
sary. la there now such an extraordinary juncture, 
a public peril so tl.igniiit, and iimninpiii, and a dc 
rcand of the country so im|»-rutive. that tin* tradition 
of a practice which Senator Hoar ha* extolled n* al 
most iodik|iensalde lo the perpetuity of civil liberty 
should he overthrown? It is scarcely credible Hint 
Mr. KdmI'XIik would assert it. He says, indeed, that 
what the partisan feeling of the country may declare 
is wholly immaterial lo him. because when the coun- 
try understands the rule, it will approve it. 

But tin* Senator seems to us mistaken in this: that 
while the country iitidouhledly approves the princi- 
ple of tin- rule, it doe* not approve the form and the 
occasion, not because it is ignorant of them, hill be 
cause it mideratund* them thoroughly. The present 
form of rule is proposed not to meet an exigency 
which experience lias shown to la' intolerable, hut to 
pas* a ]Kirticiilur lull which neither the majority of 
I tic Senate unitedly approve.*, nor the united party uf 
the majority in tin- country. If the proposition 
were to relieve an iiitolerahleexigeury, the rule would 
tie general. That it i* not general i* the proof that 
the argument urged for it* passage at this lime i* de- 
ceptive. The custom described bv Senator Hoar as 
a safeguard of freedom is to be overthrown in older 


that a bill may be passed which the country may 
he fairly said to have condemned at the late election 
hr overwhelmingly defeating the party that proposed 
it. Event* show that the Republican party has large 
ly forfeited the confidence of the country, Hut 
should Senator EdmI'ND* take the chair of the Senate 
and force the passage of the Al.DRK'11 hill, not to 
facilitate legislation hereafter, hut lo secure the pas- 
sage of a hill obnoxious to the general m-nse of the 
country, and for a wholly partisan object, his per 
sonal sincerity need not be questioned, hut the na- 
tional condemnation of his party would be more dc 
cisive lliau ever. 

A MUNICIPAL PARTY. 

The Committee of the People's Municipal Lciiguc 
h a* decided upon a permanent organization to make 
effective ul the poll* the widely diffused conviction 
that the management of the city should be free from 
tiie influence of iiatiunal politic*. The proof of the 
wisdom of this course is the sneer with whieli it is 
saluted by Tammany Hail. Tumimiiiy is itself an 
orguiiuuition of political gambler*, who, for their 
own protU and by ineroeiiHry aud unscrupulous 
means, control the ignorant vote of the city, and by 
appeals to party spirit sophisticate intelligent Demo 
crat*. Its essential character was fully exposed in 
detuil hy the bJrrninff I’tutf last autumn, mid an a* 
founding illustration of Tammany success was the 
certilScnle of it* candidates signed by many reputable 
citizens. 

Such an organization, intrenched in venality, igno- 
rance. and puny spirit, i* nol lo be opposed success- 
fully hy occasional and teni|K>rary movements. It 
can lie resisted only hy ■ continuous organization, 
which, as every election approaches, will be perfectlv 
prc|uired and ready No great public work is ever 
effected without intelligent combination and cooper- 
ation, and no rally of minute men. however enthusi- 
astic and self^ sacrificing, cun cope in the long-run 
with trained veterans of the line. This is the sensi- 
ble conclusion of the committee, anil they therefore 
propose a permanent organization of those who agree 
that city affair* should lie managed hy honest and 
competent officers selected because uf those qualifica- 
tion*. uud not because of their views of national pol- 
icy. How many of the citizens who itigm-d the cer- 
tificate for the Mayor would have selected him iu 
their own tMixiiicsa for u place corresponding to tiiat 
for whieli they recommended him iu tiie manage- 
ment of the buhineKsoi the cityi 

The pro|M*sed organization is. for its purqmses, a 
parly, like all association* of the friend* of great 
public objects. They are opposed lo oilier parties 
that favor objects and methods which are injurious 
to the puhlie welfare The new organization will la- 
the party of those who think that national politics 
should la- excluded from the management of the 
city, and it will be opposed to the party of those who 
think that city officers should be selected for their 
national |Mihtics, and the city government controlled 
hy such men and for such purpose* as those which 
were made public by the Kcruiurj J*o»f It will lie 
the party of non - part imn honesty, efficiency, and 
economy, a* against the party of partisan rascality, 
corruption, and extravagance, and its fortunes will 
measure the capacity uf the city fur sensible self gov- 
ernment. 

IN THE BAD LANDS. 

Ir tire- reported interview of RED CLoCD with Father 
Francis M. Craft lie authentic, it is worthy the 
careful attention of every honorable and intelligent 
American. The interview i* published simultaneous- 
ly with the statement id General Milks ami thelwofur 
nish an aspect of tin- Indian question which is moot im- 
portant. The ini|M>rtaut |K»int Is their agreement iu 
the affirmation of the great wrongs of the Indian* 
from the whites. This is not, as tnauy persons *cein 
to think, a sentimental view. Neither General Miles 
nor Red Ctnn> >* a sentimentalist, and when they 
say that we have lied to the Indians und cheated 
tlu'm and starved thein.it is not half so sentimental 
a statement as that of our fathers in (lie Dis'larntioii 
of Ii)dc|>endence. HKD tVu'u’s review is au ex- 
ceedingly foreilde, detailed, and conclusive arraign- 
ment of the Indian De)>artmeul. and the graphic story 
told hy him is very much more pathetic than the 
speech of LottAX. It is as powerful an accusal ion as 
was ever made against a great nation by the spokes- 
man of an oppressed nml outraged people * 

General Milk* eoutlrni* much of the allegation of 
Red ChOt'P. although he attributes n great deal of the 
trouble to the arming of the Indian* by the govern- 
ment, and to Indian duplicity, of which the report 
from Bmi Foot'd bund seem.* to lw a confirmation 
The Indian* eiaim. save General Milk* and he evi- 
dently thinks with reason, that the government hu* 
not fulfilled its treaties, and tlial they have suffered 
from want of food and oilier outrage*. They are 
constantly moved, und constantly cxjioaed to the man- 
agement of new agent*, who. as Red Cloi d *;•> *. 

" lake cure of themselves and not of us." and " it is 
very hard to deul witli the government only through 

Digitized by (jOOglc 



JANUARY 10, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


19 


tham.*’ A* for the remedy of this state of thiiiRA. 
which will expose the frontier to ravages mid the 
government to enormous expense as long as it con- 
tinues. General Milks says that it lies in a govern- 
iiieni just and strong enough to control the Indians. 

That is a *ufr- generalization. Rut the iirst step is 
rather a government just mid strong enough lu keep 
its own word. It engages to civilize and rdtiente the 
Indians, and it cannot do this under the present sys- 
tem of |knrtis«n agents ami a political Indian service. 
Mr. Reminotox, in his late admirable illustrated ar 
tide in the Weekly, proposes to turn over the wild 
Indians to the War Department, and make a semi- 
military organization in the service of the govern- 
ment. General Mn.Es apparently favors the same 
disposition of them. R«> C'Urt'D says: ‘The Indian 
Department has almost destroyed ns. Save tu from 
It. Iret the army take charge of us. We know it 
can help ns. Let it manage our affairs in its own 
way." But if the problem Ik* to educate and civilize 
the Indians into citizens, would the Work be best uc- 
cnmplislicsl by the War Department t An Indian 
bureau which should not be u political machine 
would lie a good beginning, and such a bureau the 
present Commissioner would organize if heron Id have 
Ilia own way. With such a bureau, with adequate 
appropriations honestly devoted totheir purpone.wiili 
increasing schools and a sympathetic and friendly 
guidance, we should begin to recover Indian confi 
donee in our good fuith, which is the iudisjiensable 
condition of any successful Indian policy except wur 
and extermination. 


LIBRA KIRS. 

The dispowrien to found libraries in this country is An- 
other illustration of the public spirit vrbicli is characleriilicnl- 
ly American, and also of tbe universal expectation that rich 
men will deilicute a part uf tlirir nenltli In public u*r*. 
But with tbe increase of libraries tin* quest Inn of tlieir selec- 
tion ami administration become* of the highest hii|xirUnce. 
The theory (Imt a lilirsrlau is merely a rust oil Ian of books, 
tliat the wire of a library may devolve most property upon 
invalid clergymen ami men wiili a taste for liook* and curi- 
ous reading, is now antiquated. It U happily replaced by 
the conviction tint the usefulness of a library in any com- 
munity depends chiefly upon the librarian, anil that wilb- 
out a skilltd and I mined librarian. n library, inslrnd of nn 
urscnal where every weajion is liurnishw! and in ita placr, 
and scramble in perfect nnler at every moment, is a con- 
fused pile of weapons prarticnUy u*clc**, ta-causc unknown 
and onarmngr.l 

The whole subject of the library, the way to make it mat 
serviceable to tbe public, the thorough training of librarians 
for their duties, and nil that may be called library science, are 
tlie concern uf the Amcrirnn Library Association, composed 
of the chief librarians and library experts in (be United 
Stole*, a hich is now in ll* fifteenth year, und which huhl* 
an Biinunl meeting for tire consideration in |mprrs uud tic- 
I sites of library subjects. For iusianre. there U one which 
:■ unnreud- Itself to every person who is inlerc-ln! In start- 
ing a small public library for u town or village. The money 
is not the im>«t difUcult thing lu obtain. Marencliu-W'tts lia- 
picwd a law giving a certain sum tu every community that 
raises the mim mim for a library. But If It is to be a collec- 
tion of only liiree or four Ibmioitul volume-, tbe |>erplexliig 
question is. how sliall the luokt be selected? 

When Mr. Bryaxy founded a free library at I'linunington. 
where be was born, be Warn aide to choose the books. But If 
the town Itself bad supplied the money for the library it 
might not have been able to supply a wise choice of books- 
But well-instructed librarian* ran do this, aa Dr, C'onswr,t.t. 
did at the Imginnlng i>f die Astnr Libmry. Tbe association 
will promote all such iudi-prn-ulda work by stimulating 
public interest in lilwurie* mid di*cii**ing their ItUerest* 
fully. It baa already published nn excellent lUtlc miuui-sl. 
ffr.ish't ig fur lb* YvHutj To Ire nWc to do such things, ami to 
print tlie mart valuable of the paper* read nt its m retings, it 
requires a model* endowment fund, and Mr. Pl.t xv It. Sax- 
rax, president of ilie First National Hank, Palmyra, New 
York, is the clininnun of ttie committee. A little money from 
runny givers will 1*- a large Mini, mid a large sum will la-, a* 
we know, very wisely expended for a most admirable pur 

MR. GLADSTONE'S BIRTHDAY. 

Mr. Gi.adotosk Iras Just completed his eighty tlrst year, 
and Ids importance In Brltbli politics may be Inferred from 
the fact tluit Ills ugr Is OBe of the tread decisive elements In 
U»e question of a dlaaotutlon of Parliament Oi.AiarrosR is 
eighty one years old. That 1- the one fixed and certain fact 
In two years lie will la- eighty three, and presumably |s»st 
the power of active lrazlenddp. If lira mlutury dissolve* 
Parliament now. although the pww nt situation of tire Liber- 
als Is very unpromising, yet Gi.adutone Is still a vigorous 
leader. There is ii plain risk lu dissolution now. The 
chances arc that the Irish trouble will disintegrate Uie Lib- 
eral parly, and a year or two hence, with that party demor 
aliD-l mid OuiHTun older, tlie Tory pimped will bo even 
brtgliter than it is now 

The evktcui n|iiriion in England is tliat a few weeks ago 
the Liberal party, with n policy of Irish home rale under 
English leadership, might have relumrd to power. This 
result wa* due to one chief cnn*c — the ronviclion of the 
mid-lie clou Englbli mind lliul home rale dal not mean sep- 
aratism. that it would practieally end tire apparently cndle» 
Irish trouble, and that it would la? subject to condiiiou-v im 
[kivoxI by Eugtish good sense. But HiU la precisely the 
f tauiv of mind which tbe Parnell jwiforuiaucvi has shat- 


tered, and the English conthlence. so long denied, so slowly 
won. and so suddeuiy lost, can lie refused only very slowly. 

All the circumstances tend probably to persuade intelli- 
gent Englishmen, however reluctantly, tbnt Mr. Glad-tone 
has generously deceived him-* If. and tint there is not tin- 
quality in the Irish people which ran tie trusted to carry out 
a wise scheme of lionie-mlr. This impression, however er- 
rnnrous. evidently exists. Mr LkckyV vn-w. who fcs of Irish 
descent and of Irish sympathy, is Mated with great rand-ir 
in Uic two concluding volume* of Id* ///sforjr »/ i '■* High- 
••truth Cfntxrg. audit i* summarized in hi* recent uitirlc in the 
Xorth Aturrintu Nmtir. It in list have very great weight in 
England, and it confirm* the impression ilmi the settlement 
of the Irish question is now long pnalpotwd, ami that the ac- 
tive career of Mr. Olachttonk In coiled. 


THE QUESTION OK THE SEAL FISHERY. 

Very few people have followed Hit- details of the diplo- 
matic controversy about the seal fishery In tlie Behring Sr*, 
in which a great deal of ability bos lain shown upon both 
'idea. The correspondence is very long und clever, and 
there Is undoulSedly name question of tbo exact extent of 
our purchase from Russia and of our rights. Hut nothing 
lias occurred to show (hot It is not a question which sin mill 
tic submitted to arbitration. Nobody in lids rtmutry or in 
Kaglaret waul* to light ulxiut it. aud if the clever negotia- 
tors cannot reuch n cuiiclusiuit they can agree to arbitrate, 
and with the approval of both countries. 

Mar with Knginnd was long a trump card In American 
politics, hut It In ho no lunger. The suppuaril MCBttiiy of 
conrilinling the Irish vote, especially upon tbe RejMihlicati 
side. Im* led tu some mollifying performance-. like tlie 
shameful pandering to tlie Tweed ring in the city twenty 
years ago. Hut the United Slate- wilt not go to war with 
England to win Irish vole* until the -it uat ion is nenoa-ly 
changed. Tliat there is no want of u sensitive feeling of 
Mti'-nal honor lias been demonstrated tu tliis gem-niliun, 
and it may tic safely assumed tliat the admiui-lntlion will 
not choune a violent wdutioli of the seal ll-bery question. 

PROTECT THE PARKS. 

The Intelligence of the city of New York Is constantly 
Seeking to enlarge tlie are* of plea-ure grounds for the ben. 
etll of tlie whole city, and especially of the punier people. 
A wise law to Hist effect provides fur such improvement-* 
at great expense. Tbu propraillon to permit the obstruc- 
tion of such |vark* a* already exist should I*- resolutely re- 
sisted aide*' some conclusive reunion for such obstruction 
can be drawn. But the greater convenience of an elevated 
railroad I* not such n reason IbubtlcK* these rood* would 
like to appropriate the whole Battery for tlielr convenient*. 
But why should the puldlc coiiM-nt ? 

Already the Battery Im* been partly occupied by the 
Sixth and Nlutli Avenue roads, and upon tire whole the 
occupation, so far us it extends, is justifli-d liy the public cun- 
Teak- ace. But if tlie road* now wish gteiuer -pace, there 
l* no rv-HBOu that the city should farther invade the public 
grounds to gratify them. Acrta to the ferries is Mcuted, 
and if the redlioad rompwnic* desire more- room, why should 
they not pay fur it ? Tlwie is plenty of adjoining land w hick 
can Iw bought and the tMiil-lings removed If accessary. The 
politic has made a great concession in the disposition already 
made of tbe Battery fur railway purposes. There is no oc- 
casion whatever for doing more, 

NOTES TO THE POSTMASTER-GEN Eli AL’S 
REPORT. 

The Postmaster-General and Ids late Assistant have been 
the most consistent and cxuitemptunu- violators of Repub- 
lican pledges of reform But neither of them shines In con- 
troversy with the Civil Service Cmnmi—ion, of which tl*o 
majority is also Republican. Tlie Postmasier - General. in 
hi* annual report, hoped lliai Hie civil m-vtIit examinations 
for the Railway Mall Service will la- improved by luring 
m»dr more difficult. and add* tliat clerks appointed from 
the eligible lists are inefficient and pour The tone of Umbo 
comments was offensive, and their object was evident to dis- 
rrrdit the commission. member* of whirli. during the Inves- 
tigation by the committee of the Home placed Mr. Wana- 
makkk in the very di-ngreeable light uf trnlli In regard tu 
cert a in statements ami insinuntiorxs 

Tlse eomniisdon now my* that tbe Postmaster General ho* 
never hinted to It that tbo examination* wen- inadequate, 
and tliat the usual eomplainl i« of their severity But more 
Ilian that. It says tlwt the examination and prolmtion imd«-r 
which the Piwimastcr-Gcnernl umertx that tlie Railway Mail 
Service had become ihe moM effective lioily of eivil servant* 
in the country have tieen prc**’rre«l withont the least cbiuigc. 
except one in tbo direction of reform, namely, nn open com- 
petitive examination test for entrance instead of Ibr pa-rwinnl 
fnvontUm of nominations by member* of CongrcK*. The 
<v>mmi*«»nfi replies to the remark of lire Postmaster Genmd 
tliat alxMit a third of the eierk* ap|K>inled from lire eligible 
lists fail to fulfil the requirements, that lire rreatrds show 
tliat of lire 1-V3-1 eligible* np[H>iriti-d from Ihe exnininntious 
Up to June 80. 11*90, about 148 have been removed or liave 
resigned. Of tlo-u- then- were but 81 removals, uud as 
donhite** tire resignation* were free, they should not iqij-i-ar 
in there liguirs. Tliat i«. instead of one third only one- 
eliiventh hare Iteen se|ia rated from tlie service More than 
UM per cent, have been retained, and llrey are undoubtedly 
nalUf artery, or they would have been removed if tlie I’cvt 
m*-teT General hail done lux dirty. 

Tire eornmiiwion refers to the remark of lire Pu-tiniisler 
Gem-ial tliat the room of nren appulnkxl by tlie ('lkvklanu 
lu I mi lustration "was more valuable than their bungling as 
*i*tancc." There men, to the uumlwr of 1 -HaI or more. |rer 
hn|w half of those appointed during the four years preri-d- 
iug, were removed between March I anti May 1, IS*#, aud alt 


had been appointetl under the spoils system. From Hie 
Postmaster General’s own Matetireni, tlrerefure. it wo* the 
xpnik-ysiem wbh'b had brought iutoibe service lire bungler* 
whore nmm wn* larder tlmii their company ('umpiring 
Ibis with the result olaninrd -luring tbe laxt year and a half 
under the reformed *) Mem, the enormous Mi|w-riority of Ihe 
latter i* obvioii* from lire PiMimnaier General * rr|wtrt A 
Very small fraction of tho-e npfHMntrtl under the reformed 
system have been removed, The larger knowledge and 
logic of the rominbainn have made the hostility uf Ihe Punt 
master Ch-neral serve lire goial ran-', 

CORRECTION. 

In n lirief notice in the Inst Wkkki.Y nr lire drlaite in tlie 
Senate un Hie I.uImik rleetiun hill, tire name of Serial nr 
llxwi.t.v waa iireauliaiisly sulolitulcd fur that of Senator 
Stewart, thus reprerenting Senator 1 Iawi.lv im uppomd 
to the Lowie bill, which he h undenloud tu favor. 


PERUSAL. 

KtliTAlin Kipijno la enmirig «•* I hi- count ry iu lire spring 
to enjoy a hunting t*mr in tire West before he gire* to Inslia. 
W h--ir he ex|reer- 1 i>-)i--inl uiireh of hi- I iuu- during lire next 
few yeura. Jtr. Kii-U.miV father i» n elcrer arrixt, hihI ha- 
pir pai-s-il a *»-i le* ofelabnrnte dlu-tratluiiH fire hi- ami's book 
HUik «»rf IfArilr. 

- Apriq--.- uf the aiiin*iug baby binreo game l>y which a 
number of fending United Stain* Senators were Mrerrd, it 
i- ita id (lint over live hundred real ornllegett infanta have 
been aiuio-d after ClIAl'TS'KY MtTVHXI.I. IH'I'EW 

—The name *»f tin- late Mr. GKuRUR Hku, of the I^niidi-ii 
piiblr-hillg lirril uf Gkuhiik Bkij. A Sun*, on- eluwly emi- 
neeied with lire name- an- 1 writing* of -mire of KugUhd - - 
lie-t known untlior*. Mr. WILLIAM Moitiu*'* Itret lunik, JV 
Ikjmr iif Uabrrrrr. wnm published by Mr. Bei.L. on were 
Mi— Pm-LTKIfs tlr*l t-nik of | nielli*, t 'i i VKXTRY PATMORE'* 
Jugrl In Ikt II" nv uihI hla uthei worim and Mm. GaTTY's 
uud Mr*. KWINilV rharuiing tide-. Mr. ftlUJ. also nttaineil 
a wmlil-whle repuialimi among -loitenl- a- tlie publisher 
of "It- .till's Liloiin and lie wmt the Iirst editor uf Xnlrt 
a*4 f/errir». 

il k- -lated lliai Mr. F. M VKInN I’K.vWlolili i* ou worn 
out by overwork that lie Im- been oldlgeil ro m-ek rest and 
Ireullii at lire lu-l halls- ->f Tillis. ill Asiatic Knssia. 

Iligll-t linrehliieii hare lireii the rllief -ulmeiibers to 

tire Lid-ion Memorial Fund, which now amount- t-» 

'Ilie ni-i-l uoletl of I ti-uiunrk'- mu-ieiil ronqMiM-r-, Nirij* 
VYiuiklu (i.il>r. Iuu jioi died in t'lq-riibagen. At lire age 
«if ttteiilyreiglil lira overture to <taw« win* crow nesl. ju-l 
lie wn* jren»ionesl by royalty. Mkxi>kis>mi||-c ami St'irr- 
xann were In- warm friends. He waa "etenly-seren at 
tire I i lire of Ilia death. 

— At 1 1**- recent aiiuual dinner of •• (Hi) f'arthusiaua,'' a* 
the gradnutea of lire ('liarterli-ium- School in lavnilon t|s 
termed. a nnmlret of tire Mss, written hv T hackeray when 
Ire win* at ('harterhon-e were iliaplayed to lire asM-ioblrd 
giirst*. Tlicae IrnulneiitN litis been purehn-e*l l>y the gov- 
erning lastly of the school, and will be tn-ns-ured among ita 
arehivea. 

1'HAXCI* WlUMiX, the eoureitian. ha- lMinglit n chair 
foruieriy Iselouging to Sir Wai.tkh Si orr, anil given by him 
to s*r Edwin Lammekil 

The late Archliikliop Tiiiimmin, of York, Kugland, wa* 
In Ilia youth a curate of Kmhop WlLltElil'uKiK. with whom 
Im- soon quarrelled, and lire two lirenure life-long op|Miirent- 
i!|mmi -| next ion* of t lunch ritual and doctrine. ArelibUliop 
Thomson worked bi* own way lu pruniiireuei-, stalling life 
a- u *mnll trndnuiiau. olituinuig a -cholarehip at Oxford, 
and linnlly gaining lire notice uf Prince Ai.nr.nT nml the 
Queen llinvugh hi- text la-ok *01 togie anil bi* Jid» to Fair*. 
The nivliln-hnprie was gi vni him when he won only forty - 
live year- old. lie wa* one of the IhreAt preaclrera lu the 
RllgU-ll Clilireti. 

—JuNKni DuXiMitll'K, of Newhllfgli, New York, who I* 
the champion amateur akater of America, him! baa recently 
defentril the rmck* of tlu- world lu eonteata in Holland 
uud BwshIs-m, I* tuenty years old, uihI cusire* of a family of 
skater*. 

-Jaiiw* Gaiuiklii, the - ml «m of Pmusteut Oar- 

Kirn*, hai* jn-t been inarri—l ill Cliirago to Mi— Helen 
Vi wki.i., diiaglurrof John Neweia. President of tire Lake 
Shore xml Michigan li.nli'-iel Mr. ti uiriKi.li via grailu- 
uteil with hi- brother Harry at william* College in ink 
and lire two now form lire Cleveluml law linn of GaIII ikmi 
*V G A HI 11:1 1-. The yuniigerof ihe bnitlrera pirere-— many 
of lii* ludicr'- im-nlal nml pliv-ical rharacleriatica, ami 
hope- in tire near future to ruler public life. 

-Tire late Octave Feiti.LKT, the French novelist aud 
dramatist, waa best known in this ronntry liy the ilrunmit- 
xntion <if hi* IMIVel Tbr liilmunrr ttf is /'HOC Ivh*v J/ifH. u|. 

iliiMigh he wa- a prolific writer of *11 .'i-cmfiil play* aud a 

at lint eusitribntor to the review* and impel* of Pariu. 

lie i>m a imaulier of Mm- French Academy and ail officer iu 
the licgion of lliinor. 

—One of loyally '« e«p** ial favorite- iu Knropc i- Dr. 
TiiuMah IV. Kvank. the fiimoa- Aurenean *!•■ n i *->t in Puria, 
nh-aw »n«ce— fill pra-'l u*e of hi- prnfe—ioii Iran enntded 
hiui not only to amas* a large fortniir, hut alrei lo aecurc 
the fiit-nd-hip of inativ prominrni |--n*onnues. Tire fart 
llrat In' he||«rd tire Kmpivw* Kl'dfxiK tsi rw-ape fioiu I’arl- 
uller the fall of the Kmpire i* a IRatfcr of limtnry, but it is 
not an getimilly known that hi* acqiiaintnure with Napo- 
I.I.--N III. Iiegan while tire latter mix- loeri-h a claimant 
lire iliiv-tH’ of Frum-e, and tliat the C-mnle— of Muntijo wn* 
i in rod need lo her future Ini-liaiid through tire doctor. l)r. 
Evas* ha- mi intimate a- well a- * iui-1'c-- lonal neqnniiit- 
aiice w ilh the reigning fauiilie* of F.Hnqre, and, treing call- 
ed iu a- a friend when the Frown Prilire FlCEtiClilrE. of 
(Sermuny, Wti» taken to San Remo, made lire silver rnhu 
that nun ubciI in prolonging the Priuee'* life after lire oper- 
ation uf trurlreutomv lia-i been |- rforiued. Over two liitn- 
•livd orsln*. iio’lmliug nearly ull the lending one*, have 
been SNUiferreil on the d-retor. nlul hi- liotl-e contain- man . 
niber evhtencr* nf tire grutitu-le und esteem of hia ruynl 
patient* aud other friciitU. 



20 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1777. 



THE PHILADELPHIA AND HEADING TERMINAL FACILITIES.— Djuwm av P. CacauuH Sciilll.— [Sub Pack S3.] 

Elevation ut Brmd Hlrwl mid I.diigb Avenue 5. At Columbia Avenue 1 and Ninth Street- 8. Viaduct over Proud Street ut Pennsylvania Avenue. 
4. New Local Station ml Ninth iuk! Spring Garden Street*. 


m* m 

U,i 


— i jpI 

rli] 


JANUARY 10, 189! 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 





THE LATE DR. IIEI.NRICU 8CUUKMANX. 


from pinafore*. A* lie grew older lii* avid 
Hy of read i nir. specially in Hie Homeric sec- 
tlun of Greek history anil life. pointed lo 
university distinction, perha|i* to n professor 
ship, the goal for which the well regulated 
German mind naturally ycorns Even n* 11 
Ud, I lie great arrlueolngisl that wu* to lie In 
aisled Unit the remains of aneh-nl Ilium must 
still exist, buried under the du*l of age*. mi 
keenly wan III* imagination stirred This 
thought remained the lies con of hi* life 
through ail Ike da)* of poverty him! hard 
work. When Father Schlicmiitiu fell on rril 
day*, the rt$ tmantU liomi miulc it nrreomrv 
that the ardent boy should becomes grocer * 
apprentice instead of going to the university. 
At this ungrateful work he remained till he 
was nineteen Year* old. when, being wrecked 
on a voyage for which he hail shipped to a 
Venezuelan port, hr was stranded, sick and 
helpless, in Amsterdam. Here he obtained 
employment finally with n merchant, F. t\ 
Qtiieii. ami devoted himself with equal assi- 
duity to nuking out Invoice* and acquiring 
languages, a talent for which had Itcgun to 
show itself. In two yenr* he hod learned to 
spenk and write English. French. Dutch. 
Spanish. Italian, and Portuguese, in addition 
lo Latin, which Ik- hat! learned from bis fa 
Iher. Hi* study of Russian was the corner- 
•.tone of his fortune, a* It led to hi* being com- 
miKiioutd ns the ngent of the mercantile 
house of B H Sehmrder A Co. at St. Peters, 
burg. At the Russian capital lie soon ac- 
quired a bttfloeM of hi* own. and hr gnu to 
amass wealth rapidly. He continued to add 
to his linguistic learning, mastering Swedish 
and Polish, the modern Greek or Romaic, 
and ancient Greek It is snid that he nr 
qulred a good speaking knowledge of Ro- 
maic in six week*, with the help of two 
friends front Athru*. and in three months 
flirt tier he so far conquered the ancient Greek 
that be could read the classic* with consider- 
able facility. The young merchant* mem- 


ory had always I wen extraordinary, and his 
incesaaul prai tier so cultivated the faculty 
Hint he Co II hi acquire and retain a new vo 
cabulary with the greatest »w«- The drcutii 
stances of the I'rirucan war which nprmd 
fresh Helds for speculative enterprise, cnulilcd 
Scldicmann to augmeut his fortune rapidly, 
and in Hie ycur 1858 he wn* worth neatly 
li.ilf a million dollars. Ills Hellenic pawion 
had grow n with his wealth, nml he now knew 
the Hue I ami Odyssey almost by heart, braide* 
having (lipped deep in that cvrltis of studies 
wlddi has chr) Mai lined nnuiml the core of 
lloinerisni In 1x38-9 lie travelled exten- 
sively in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Italy, 
Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt, and 
added Hebrew and Arabic to Ills gift of 
tongue*. 

lii 18M Scblirmann retired fruin businem 
with a fortune, it is said, of nbont £10.000 a 
year, and the serkiu* labor of his life, for 
which all else hod been preparation, began. 
He wu* now ready to begin tlic task widch 
liod abolie before him as his life's ideal— the 
re mum of the credibility of the Homeric Epos 
and itN assoc laled legends from the contempt 
limped on them by what be i on-idere'd Ilw hy- 
percritical edge of nineteenth-century adml- 
arsliip; this rescue, too, he would effect by 
purely scientific agencies. After an extend- 
ed Journey around also world he srttlrd in 
Paris, and pnsud through a scientific study 
of methods in history aud archteology under 
Hie distinguished Buele. Here, in iMGtt, be 
published ids first book, Moyne, <«• /Vf>7*>n- 
nrw, rl Truie, describing his travel* in 1X08 
in Corfu, Cophalonin. Ithaca (where he fan- 
cied lie bail found reranin* of also home of 
l' I s mow), and the Peloponnrsus, nml riracrib 
lug the Cyclopean remains of ArgolU nml 
the topography of the Troad Tlie signifi- 
cance of Ibis l*nok wo* its refutation of Hie 
theory of idmtitv between Ibe modern Bou- 
narbaselil (**^«» i\o«e. "the village of tlae 
Ilians ” in Inter Greek time*), and 11 m site of 


ALEXANDER HARRISON. 

AlJtX A M>KH H.t hkin ix.one of the most dis- 
tinguUbed of American nrtlvts. is of New 
England stork, belonging to Hie Cniinectieut 
branch of the family, hut was born in Phila- 
delphia. The date of hi* birth is January 17, 
1838, ami be was christened Thomas Alexan- 
der. He began Hie study uf art while nn aid 
on the 1' mO il Stalr-s Const Survey, and work- 
ed from lime to time, aa his regular dunes 
permitted, in the studio of the portrait painter 
George I’ettit. in Philadelphia Leaving the 
govern met! t service, he entered the San Fran 
cisco School of llcsign, nnd studied there for 
about fifteen nKHiHis.nl the end of which time 
— ill 187V— lie went to Pam. H« became a 
pupil of GevAtne lit the horde dr* llraux- 
Arta, and first exhibited at the Salon iu 
1880. In |HKi he sent to lire Salon hi* well- 
known picture called "Castles in Spain.” 
w hicli attnrcied a great rk-ul of attention and 
be bo* been a regular exhibitor ever since. 
" Im Cr^puscule." " La Vague.” " Arendie." 
and “ Une Riviere” being bis greatest sue- 
i-t-sst-a, and the picture* which have in great 
part made for the artlM the International rep- 
utation he now enjoy*. At the t'niverwal 
Exposition at Pari* in 1td9. Mr. Harrison 
wn* n-pri w nied in the American Section by a 
number of Iris most impurtunl works, and 
was awarded a medal of the first -eUm hy the 
Jury, and from the French government the 
dei oval lull* of Chevalier tie In Legion d'lIuU' 
IM-Iir and OrtieK-r d lnsmiction putiliqiie At 
the new Salon this year. Gulled the salon du 
Champ dr Mar*, at which Mckannier is pre- 
sident of the jury, ami many of the leaning 
artists of France are exhibitors, Mr Hurrisou 
was appointed a mrmlier of the Jury, ami 
achieved a remarkable succew with the ex- 
liihitioii of a numlier of Ids most recent 
works, lie came to New York in the sum- 
mer of |H0H. nml spent some mouths painting 
land-rape and sen-shore motives at Newport 
and Eiisllianiptou He has a studio this seu- 
*on In the city, and mean* to stay until early 

K 'ng, when hi* affaire will call him bark to 

Is. 

Mr Harrison is often spoken of a* n "ma- 
rine painter, '' but he should not be thus nar 
rewly ileiMHuiuated. for ihongli some of the 
ln-st of his works are pictures of the sen. he 
treats landscape Motives quite a* often, and 
one of hi* mo»t celebrated work*. " Arriulie.” 
is remarkable as a Miwly of the rlls-cl of out- 
door light ou nude figures. At Ibe recent 
exhibition of hi* work' in New York, which 
included. Iiesides a dozen inqior taut cuiuno*!- 
llotw. a lurgi' numlier of landscape mist *ca 
studies, there wa< nothing more interesting 
and characteristic of lit- inetbisU in painting 
■ hall Mime studies of nude figures in out door 
lighL These arc psinted with great tnttli of 
obaervaUon a* to values, nml with nn appar- 
ent purpose to olrfain as much of the charm 
of nature in color effect iih poftMhkt. It may 
Justly Im- odd of Mr Harrison's work in gen- 
rral thnt Ik- prefer* to socrifii e form to color 
If Im- cannot always get both, and it is as a 
eolorisl chiefly that he nukes Hie strunge-H 
claim to our eonsideralioO. Tht» i* i-Mpeehd- 
ly true of the “ Arcodie," in which, though 
the landscape is very well drawn, and delight- 
fully true in effect a* well. Hie clarm that lies 
la the (minting of the mule figures does not 
come from elegance or grace of litre, tail from 
just observation and rrmlering of sulitle col- 
or values. Tlie picture is one that poatCtfefl 
my great chann, and yet the figure* are nut 


in ibrraselvr* lientitiful, except in the sense 
that they are iu hnrmony in the color scheme 
of the composition. The great merit of IhU 
work is iu ndmirahle tuacinUt and its re* 
niaikable truth to nature. But though It !• 
true that Mr. llarrisou paints nunv oilier 
tilings tlinn the sra. it is also true llut it Is la 
picture* of the sea Hut he has done hi* enm- 
jiMesl and la-st w ork " le Cr4|raaCBle, ,, ex- 
hibited at Hie Salon of 1885. ami now in tbe 
galleries of Hie museum at St. Txuiis. a won- 
derful picture of the ocean rolling inshore in 
long, gently breaking waves under an effect 
of twilight, with the full moon ruing, the 
"Open Sob/'u simple composition of the sky 
and Hie water moving slowly and grandly in 
long glassy billows -a mo-i admirable pic- 
ture of tlie sen, and one that fitly depicts it* 
sublimity; ami "La Vague." which resem- 
ble* " Le CK'puscule " In composition, but is 
painted umler an effect of full daylight— are 
the I wst of H»e sea picture* that have been 
arrn in Him country, at least, ami lliey nrn 
certainly tlie one* upon which Mr. HuirUon 
may most safely depend to Justify Ills high 
reputation os u printer of ability in technical 
achievement, nml us a nun of the most dis- 
linguiaitcd nrtistie teiii|<ernment. Among Ills 
fellow artist*. Iiotli iu France and America, 
Ills talent Is fully recognized, and hi* diligent 
study of nature nml earnest search for truth, 
so nppuictii In Ills works, are generally cotn- 
mrmh-d. The individuality of hi* work is 
une uf its chief merits, nml without being 
what may lie c-illod popular with the public, 
it is mi highly np|»reciut«l lir aiunlrur* that 
Mr. llarrisou may be considered as one of 
Hte most successful of Arnr-rirau artists. 

William A. Corns. 


DR. HEINRICH SClILIKMANN, 

TiiK world of scholarship mourn* Ibe Ions 
of nn extraordinary man. to whom it lies un- 
der the greatest obligations, in tlie death of 
the Greek arehasdugisl I>v. Heinrich Xchlic- 
inaon. As an example of nlmt U as near a* 
is humanly ponsilde to the solution of an im- 
iKnsible problem — lifting one'* »lf hy the 
Im ait straps — Dr. Rchllemnnn's enreer Is a 
shining picture. At srveulmi a grixvr'a 
hid (leddiliig sauer kraut and herting In a 
petty German town; at forty-one n retired 
merchant of pnneety wealth, whom the luost 
prosaic of trade* hud nut pn.-veiiied from be- 
coming a linguist of polyglot iicvomntiah- 
iiicnts, a scholar so ndmiraldy «v(iilp|Ms| thnt 
ordinarily a life of cxrlusive drrolion to 
study would scarcely have overshot his murk, 
nil enlhuslist Ixirumg with zeal toward a 
venture which ItelongN lo tlie most poetic 
ami romantic side of erudition, and yet a man 
of affairs with no much gcuio* for basilic** 
that be had amosaed a great fortune from 
nothing in a score of year*. Dr. Mcliltemann 
at lhr~pnrling uf the ways strikes tlie im- 
agiuathHi even more than wIr-ii be had reach- 
ed the ri(iene** of hi* fame. 

Ileinrirh Schlit-mnnii. who died nt Naples. 
Itulv.on tbe <lay after Christmas. of alwoi-oion 
the lirain, was Ituru at Ankrraliagen, in )lech- 
Icnburg. In 18^2. the sou of a imho I'roteslaut 
(Histor Hence be inherited tire tastes of tlie 
seholar and waa fed ou wlMdi-Mime mental 
(Kip hy n father who loved history and tlie 
classic* even more than he did tlieolugy. Tlie 
stork-* of Herculaneum and I'oiiiik iI and the 
deeds of the Homeric heroes were red led lo 
Hie youngster from the time that h« Wiu freed 



ALEXANDER UARRUON, THE AMEU1CAN AllTlEV.-Da*. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV„ no. 1???. 


ancient Ilium lie advanced (h* theory that 
Ibe high plateau of llissurlik concealed I In' 
ruins of iIk> city of Prism am) Hector, and 
t lint flu* true rile wax lliat after until lap 
ti*ed Ilium Novum, full luli^l 7t*l B.C., 4M 
yearn after tire complete dralradion "f 
Homer'* city. In the beginning of IMTlt. 
Shlicni4un.*u<r»tiq.univd hy tin- Greek wjf.- 
whom hr htul racvnilv married, mi norma- 
p'i.sbcd Imly who shared hi* enthusiasm. t> 
r inuij to tile Troiul iitidct n tlrniau from the 
Porte, and continued lit* exiMivaliuu* nt I list- 
nrlik during n period of l Wo )mr-. with but 
liiilu interruption. Hr coMlnctcd his work 
with 150 men. nrnl unearthed vast quant n W-x 
of arm*, ornaments, hoHscliuId utensil*, vuse*. 
etc.. In iitsiurlnli of bronze. gold. silver, cop- 
per, ami iron, lierid.-* remain* of null*, tern 

! ik'«. mill edifice*. ami what lie claim* to have 
htu Priam's inline lli* record of tln-w 
rraearebe* nn» piihltriit-.l in 1*74, nailer lire 
tills of JVwjr u «<f /'» Ilf m>i in*. • book wliUli 
nt once initialed n biller imnlmcvny. Mill 
l»-itig waged. lie Imuul till- mill* of fi»e 
ililtr relit rilh* III III* rvinvalluu* at lli**ar. 
lilt. It was the ncroml city, about forty feet 
I* low the surface. nbleli |lr. S iiliemnun 
identified wiih the Troy of Dourer. lie n- 
Inmed to Alliru*, and pre-rnlcd I lie result* 
• if In* loveMiguimtis to tire (link govern- 
ment, ami thrw-c proceeded lo Italy, where 
lie spent n little lime in making studies of 
tbr HDcJi'Ut Etruscan civilization! He I on ml 
himself once more in (ln-n r I lie onu- year, 
am] be now gave hi* utlcnlkm to excavation* 
on the site of undent Myccnie. the dty of 
Agamemnon, wliirli lie pursued fur several 
year*. His Ant love drew bim Ixtrk in 18784*. 
and lie resumed hi* researches at llisaurli*. 
milking the further dbemrery "f a sixth suli- 
temnoui city, lli* rtriad cundudom were 
given to (Im' world, under ilm name of IU-* 
Me l.'ilt rttui OtnNlr/f hJ Mr 7'rvj/.r«*. in |N*0 
ipuWbuod la the United States by nnrperifc 
Brother* (, 

To return to Srhlirnunn * work at Myct-mr, 
which was In-gun In 1*74. lie unrnrtbed w hat 
hr Mippiwrd to I* tiic tomb* of Agamemnon 
and other early Arglve kings, aud n great 
treasure honor containing gold aud silver 
linage* anil ornaments in iinifiiriuu. The 
archie, dogtsl, who wu«a strict cMiNlructiom 
U» of the Hellenic Irgrnd*. In lirvi d that he 
had foiiiul the pi n e* of sepulture wherein 
had once hurt the bodies of the great Cm k 
king and hi* companion* slain by ilie mur- 
derous wrath of .E-gistlm*. Hr ulso made 
important researches at Tlryns. another cllv 
of Argolis, fiunoit* for it* Cyclopean waif* 
aud I hr rnhinl capital of Perseus. In 18J7 
was puUli-hed n A'-ierw/rVe It- 

v'lrrafiitiiit IHtnutrittiil Vjirrutruiui Tn-t/Mt, 
and to the volume whs added nil iutn •itiirlii-u 
by Mr. CUadatonr.whom l»r Srhliemnun hod 
inrt the yenr ticforc during au English visit. 
W'herclu the must bHIlinut liuunrs weiv show 
erod on him. In ltWS hi* step* were nniv 
inure ilrnwn to iltc Tmwl, and hi* furllM-r 
rrscarehe* in till* fn-ciiiailng region were 
embodied in the Isiok of the following y«wr. 
entitled Tntpt; RtfMlU »f tkr L.iltat ItrMnrrh 
m it »rf Jhtr>ifri-irA «« t4r Silt nf //surr'i T''H, 

etc. fpuMIshod in the United Suite* by 1 1 nr- 
per A Hr other*!. This emuaiacd an diiho 
rate preface by Profemnir A. II. Sayre; aud 
il may In- said, in pa*t<iiiL'.lliiil its predecessor 
IUm was also hofliKvd liy preface, notes Mini 
npTwmlicc* bv *uoli ftmnii* *clu>hirs a* Pro- 
f.Mom lludalf Virchow, Max MUIhr. A. If 
Snycc.J. P. Malta tty, II. Brugncb Bry. M. K 
lluniiKif, and other* scarcely l«*» noted . All 
of these.' fand been druwn Into the ' war of 
Troy.** ami it i* honorable to the finite of 
the great archieologisi ih.il sneli authorities 
should have In *urli liugr nmasinv ih feuded 
the NithsianiUl truth of hi* more im|Kirtani 
r.inlnitioiis ngninsl tlw uttacks of Horilicher, 
Brentano. and oilier*. While it cannot lie 
said that the consensus of contrm]iorurv 
scholarship sustain* all of Hr. CSrhlieinuuii * 
views, there i* a growing tendency to accept 
much which wu scoffed at only n few year* 
ago. 

The latter jwrt of ttchlieniann'* life was 
spent at Athens, where lie built an almost 

t rinedy mkkmee. »nd dispensed n princely 
Ofipitality to visiting scholars front all parti 
of the world, lie was u member of litany 
learned nocletics. ami n D.C.L. of Oxfmil 
University. In addition to the work* already 
cited, l>r. SclilieliMnu H klternry remain* in 
elude TruftU r'« tin Tn*i<l. mid a work on 
China and Japan. Huring the year preced- 
ing ltia death he hud been engaged in exca 
valloos ou tbD Acropolis nt Athens, ami hud 
nlso pusbod further menrehes at IlisMrlik. 
f*r. Schlirmann siwnl several years In the 
United State* during tile perirsi of Umi late 
civil war. a* hi* investment* wen- largely in 
this country, ami he l> rcpulwl to linve built 
i lie first firc-pnxd strucUirv crrctctl in Nur*- 
mvnki. 


SUPBRIXTBNHKNT OP roi.ICB 
WILLIAM ML’HKAY. 
lr i* not to be ez|neb'd tliat tile gn-aic-J 
city ill America dinuhl have at the Ik-si! of 
it*" police force a matt who I* lint in lie 
largest sense capable in the di*cl largo of 
*ny and every duty that may fall to a j»i 
licimum. Sui-li a man, as Ini* been amply 
proven by more than twenty year* of e\- 
jvrrtcncc, i« William Murray, Superintendent 
•A fin- fwilicc fnivo of New Vork cil>. A 
little lev* than forty-sis year* old, he fs -f.il 
in the prime of ntanhoix), aud though not a 
giant in sire, be Is one of the heat athletes In 


the ritjr, allowing nothing to interfere with 
Ills perfect physical condition excepting, on 
occakion*. the performance of extraordinary 
duty. Huring the great car strike, when 
front 4 A.M.. Jaiiimry 8®th. till fUA i*.u., 
Fchrunry 7lh. he never left hi* office for a 
liliunetil. he w n* pfiutlcallv without sloop, 
vet on the lu*l day he wa* a* ulert, a* clrar 
Lcwilcil. nnd a* vigutUtta ill the iltMlIoii of 
tli« warfare lie im- earrylng on a* he w* at 
tin- L-giitning of thi* Iremendoiu feat of en- 
dlirunrr. It may In- luenliuned a* an illn*. 
(ration of Id* character (hut will lie appre- 
ciated by every smoker in Ilia world, that 
having quit *moking ut tile beginning of the 
year, he did ih* put a cigar lu In* rnotnh 
during nil llw*e deeplesa lunir* 

t'oneeniing his personal up|xwraiMv, the 
iiceouipnnVIUg |SKtrait will give i lie Isest pi.v 
tilde testimony when mupl.d with the slate- 
ttient that he i* of some* tint more limn av- 
erage lieight. hill i* mi hr. mil llial when stanil 
iug alone Ik- give* the iiupmsinu of being 
rui her under Ilian over the average *lze. Hi* 
fnei' U n capital index to lii* elmnielcr. In 
lellrxitul, kindly, mid lilaml in Hie extreme. 
Itc l* nt lli«’ Mine time Ntent anil unreleliling 
in hi* pur*uit uml nunUbmeiit of evil doer*. 
An InslaiMc of Ihl* wa» Id* prompt oil ion 
when iIm- ]silieeman Unnuor* tin. urn-sieil 
in the art of liuiglnry. The HuperiutcmleM 
I >ei Mill *||y rat tile button* from tlw uniform 
mot of the nStMler, and by pushing the pro* 
eeull-m Inm-elf. b.i.t the unhappy mini eon- 
vieled. •* nteiMi'il. and oil Ills w’nv to Sing 
>mg within twenty-four hours of hi* arrest. 
Until mn ml log. it* Ilie )Su|>eriutenilriit ilont, 
w hat i* pmlulily tlie brat tirganlzetl nnd he»t- 
tlrilletl *nisll army in ilie world, he ha* not'd 
Hot only of all soldierly uiiidiiie*. hut, con- 
sidering tlie nature of id* ttulie*. he has to 'at 
al*o a goml lawyer mid a pmcliinlly efficient 
dtizen at owe. 

Williiim Murray was Inttra ill New York 
dty, of American |Kireiilage, ami wa* edtica 
led in the New York common school*. At 
the oulbrenk of the war, in JNIII. he wa* 
hot quite eighteen years uhl, IhiI he rnli*!ed 
in the Ellsworth Fire 7 ,oimvi h. awl took pan 
in (lie first bottle of Hull linn ||i- was 
saved from the necessity of joining in the 
n'lrenl ltv the fuel that lie wu* wounded 
severely in Ilie thigh, anil left on the field of 
battle. Tlie recovery from the wound wa* 
tedious, and he wu* UM upncitultsI for many 
inonih* After the war, -Murray returned to 
New York, and applied foe n |s'*>iiiua on the 
police, and wu* appointed |Htitolmuu In May. 

He wa* not at that time required to 
|»a*" a civil »en ire eXjiuiimfii.it, hut ninetri'u 
year* later, when he hail climbed through 
the variou* gneh -of promotion, ami had to 
]»** thi* examination in older lo aiiaiu the 
rank of Superinlemlcnt, he received from 
tlw examining laonnl a certificate showing 
Dial he had pavoal through the or. leal with a 
credit id lilt) |<er miL 

It doe* not *cem like specially nipul nm- 
moiion. though many uien servo more than 
nineteen v>ar* .hi the force wiilioiit nttuining 
high rank. Murray, however, was marked 
for special "duty from Ilie lime Im: entered 
the for.*'. In the old day* — aunie twenty 
year* ago, and even later— political influence 
had much to do with the Sew York police 
force, Indeed, it t* only lately that tlie de- 
partment lu* Ikx-ii MijN-rinr to it. hut Po- 
Jitemail Murray, front IIh: lime of Jii* ap. 
poinlment unit! now. Iiaa never I wen credited 
with an ounce of power of thi* kind to ad 
vunee III" dnlltl*. lli* gtent itttelligenre ]WT- 
fcct rooliievi. nti.l >wlitiimble Jililgnielit, how- 
ever. commended hint nlrray* to hi* superiors, 
up to tin- time when he received hi* up|a>int- 
in. ul a* Chief, and have Ijtcu eveu llture emll- 

llegiuning a* patrolman, lie u-a* assign'd 
to sfirclal duty almost constantly by l.h-u 
truant Oruer. then in ctunniainl of the Third 
IVerin.t. ami in that capacity he look the 
llrsl steps lu IIh- career which has culminated 
in the ttio*l brilliant record of any policeman 
whu ever served on the New York force. He 
wa* made roundsman in October. 187#. and 
in a little more than u year tlieteafler wa* 
promoted to it Sergtsnlev. lu 1870 he I*-, 
came a Captain, lu 1**77 an Inqtcil.ir. nnd iu 
Ihs.I hr Mjrrredcd the releran Ceorge \V, 
Walling n* Superlntemlent. It i» slid of 
him that in hi* tneniy-thiw yean of service 
he lu* personally secured the conviction of 
crlininnl* for a greater aggregate term of 
ncrvlee than any one else ever did. While 
he wu* ( sprain he personally arrested crim- 
I mill whoso tern to ml.lnl together made !*•- 
tween 4tw and ■%*»(* years. It » to U- slid, 
to iIhi credit of the aiiminUtnitinn of tin- itc- 
piirtm.nl, tliat till* fact of unusujil servi.c 
Im* l»* n llte power that coaipelled Mr. Mur- 
ray'* .*.n*l»Mi promotion lie Im* .-out- 
riH'iwUnl hitni'l f always to those who came 
iu i .inlucl with him a* u man who wa* fitle<l 
for high 1 1 > 1 * 1 ( 1011 . lie wa* a junior Uaptalti 
will'll he «»» m:«l< all lii'pecteir; In; wa* a 
junior ln*|>erlor when In- wu* made Super 
Intend, lit; and Im- wa* the vmingcst nanti 
ever iipp'-ini.-d to either position— fu*|icrtnr 
nr Sii|<erililemlenl. 

Among the notable feal* be Im* perforto- 
cj it i» only necraoary to specify u few. 
While iKiindmnii he cnplunsl a mn'skol lair- 
alar, .me Jake J. rolomeu. wlio hml terror- 
i/.eil, nearly killed, and site. -ra.fully roblsul 
n fiiinllv named Ward near Newark; mid he 
deti-Ctnl and stnMnl one Worth, tin- utoit 
noinrioH* *afc hurgiar of hi* day. < >n < 'liri*t- 
nvas night in ld76 the home .if n rirh man 
m A*iorin wa* entered by a gang of mask 
cd burglar*, who succeeded in gelling away 


with a large amount of money and jewelry 
They ra. -a pel iiiiiili-iifilied mid I'lHiniilleil 
SiWaTV oil lire highway while going to the 
laatt iltal look them away, No clew wa* 
«ppart-nl . IhiI two day* later a pencil ease 
w«* in Uaptnln Murray's bands which hud 
Lvit pnwnril by souic unknown mun . It 
was a pari of the proceeds of the robbery in 
Astoria. It wa* the first and only clew. 
Within u few day* the four men who inn! 
Itt-cn in Ilie gang hail hern arrest til by Cap- 
tain Murray. They were convicted, and *eu 
IrtiO'd to an aggregate term of ninety-three 
year*. Mull HanrrT, n famous and wealthy 
gambler, who lived with hb> Msler ami nicer 
in West Eleventh Street, wu* roblwd owe 
night in 1877 The th'tevra took anuy 
lf.'ANMItll) in riHHley and United Slates tKind*. 
Tliere wa* *aid lo he lio clew to the roldier*; 
tint < 'upturn Murray discovered mid arrest- 
ed them, and recovered one hair lire Imoty, 
Thomas Helton, u trusted employe of II. It. 
UUfiin & Uo„ stole uhuul $50. 0*J< I worth of 
neeilhaccarrying them away uthler Id* clolhei 
from day to day. lie *n» detected nnd ar- 
re-'te*l hy Uuptiiin Murray. 

Other safe iwirglars were deteclod by liim, 
anil lii* nervier* iu the arrest nf one wun led 
rohhcl n jewelry firm in M.xldeti Lane were 
*o coiiHpiritoiiA ilint tire jeweller* of ilie i-ily 
dubbed log*! her. Imughl a wall li and cluain 
value.1 at $t(NN> nnd prcx-lited llrem to liim. 
The jeweller*, however, have not brail lire 
only ones in the cotiitnunily who have tesii- 
thsl In their appreeintlifu of the services of 
till* gallant public uffiocr. Tire Society for 
tire I'revnilinu or (Time luve presented him 
wiih eiigruswvl resolution* telling their opin- 
ion of him a* an nlliciul who has dull.' ni'ire 
Ilian any OtltM* to —htlatll TNlUlc dftlcr nnd 
lo repn-w* crime in the city. Momor'imr 
I'rrai no, Yicar- Ocneml of New York, ha* 

• initially thanked him for hi* good work. 
Slajor Getirtal Hnnevak did the *atne thing 
in an oflh'ial re|a>rt that he made cofirrrnlng 
tlieexlraorilinarv pngeant wliicli utlende.1 the 
funeral of General Grunt 
.Mr Murray wa* then Siijs-riii U ndent, and 
it wa* nut until he was Superintendent that 
he bud an opportunity to effect lire reforms 
that he had lieeu studying for year*. He 
lost no lilnc. Ihoilgh, in ordering change* 
when Ire wa* io the position to do It. Hi* 
Iwlief was Ihul Ibe power of u department 
like ihul of llte police should Itc central herd. 
Hire of hi* early order*, therefore, deprived 
the liispcdor* l hi* seriimt* in cHumniMli of 
their personal *tulN ami their outside ufli.*-* 
Each Iiwpcclnr Isdnrr that bad had a head 
■pinrler* fur hi* district, and hail mnimnnd- 
ed a perwntntl *»aff of aergeHItU. roumlMuen. 
and jwlrnlmen. The iu-w order relegated 
these men lu pnllul anil desk duly lliruugh 
the ilepariment. and laroiight tire insjaH-ton. 
Iiaeis to llnwl quarter* to art a* Ilir |aw*«inal 
-'ad of I he Su|ieriliteudrUl. It wa» a radical 
idiange. and tire rraull Im* breil •allsfaelory. 
He ha< insisted upon the highest grade !>f 
discipline ever known In the department. 
No ni.'inticr of the pdirv milkiiie of llte de- 
tective force is allowed now to appear at 
Head quarter* excepting in full unif.irm. 
He ha* ottaMislird n Bureau of General In 
fomiatton nt Head -quarter*, lit whirli in- 
fortnallon may Ire olgalned any day concern- 
ing any peraon who may have btHiD taken to 
a hospital, arrested, found .lead, or iu any 
other way come under Ilie online of the po- 
lice nn to 6 r.a, of tire preceding day. Willi 
a tllsregaid of " Ibe liower of tlie |ieo»s " 
never shown hy any nf hi* prodcccwont, hu- 
]H-riDlctideiit Murniy ha* onlcn-il that xt. li 
informal |ou shall not Ire given to lire uew*. 
psper* fur puMicalwn excepting in eaten 
where it is of |tublic service, uimI Ire Im* hail 
sufficient lierve to maintain till* order in spite! 
of the protest* of some of tire daily papers. 

lli* HClual service a* Su|ierin(eiHieiit em- 
la-srcs ounier.iu* reform*, which lie I mis car- 
riisl out without regnnl to lire pre**urc that 
|M>lilielans ami "men about town" have 
smiglit to bring to hear. In enforcing the 
excise law* lie Im* liccn esptu'ially vigilant 
He says: ” I have uotltiug to do with unking 
the laws. I am Iren to enforce them " Ev 
cry New-Yorker know* (hat the exrtre Ians 
are cnaatanily v»olat«l. anil that a perfect 
enforcement of tlrem i* wcllnigli impiso.|hle. 
Under three and a luilf years of Superintend- 
ent Murray'* u-iiinc of office. Imwever tlrerx- 
have ls-cn over lA.IKW nrre*U fm vaJalion of 
these law*, a* against les* than fltMxi arrest* 
iu lire tame length of time before be came 
in power, lie pay* attention to lire minutest 
detail of imiuiripul law, and dors not lie*i- 
Mte to call hi- CapUlllit together at any 
lime, ami warn them dial they must enforce 
regulations a» to a*h barrels on the shh-wnlk, 
n* to the personal appearance of their men. 
n» to lire exrisr law. a* to gambling' house*, 
as to reckless driving, ns to piml si-ller* a* 
to everything, in sliatrt, ilutl cutim wit bin 
tire purview of a vigilant pnliicmnn 

It i*. however, in command of the depart- 
it wni In tiuirs of |Mildic iti*ur.ler that Mjper 
intendcnl Murniy .li*plays tluise qualiri.-* 
that i«ii>4 attract public Hi tendon. In 1877. 
as lnqm-tor, he ketulcrl per-.miilly a force "f 
•VM> poliis-mcn. ami attacked a mob of snriul- 
i«ls who ttiMlertook to tnarclt from Tomp- 
kins Square lo Broadway without the p*r 
mil to |iant.l.' which IIm; law requires. It is 

have followed the parade, but. a- a polier 
titan. Inspector Murniy was tint looking nt 
the result* He wa* ik'iiling w Itli lire present 
facts, and hi* prompt am) decisive action was 
credited with saving the city from riot and 
pillage. 


No considerable disorder orrtirrcd In the 
city tret ween 1877 ami 1886. when the car 
driver* anil nmduetoni went on what they 
Mill cull the long strike. It i* certain now 
that tlie great laxly nf them intended no 
vioh-irer nr public disorder, but they were 
excited, u ltd IliatiV who personally would 
I utvg maintained tfte peace were lire! ted by a 
few bolheiulrd oire* lo riotous lM-hnvi.rr, ’flu- 
duties of lire police were delicate nnd ordti- 
Ot|s, They Mood la-twce n eaptlal and lain r 
to keep the peace. W Iren the car enmpanu-* 
cikImii ortsl lo run their car*, and demar.drd 
protection from riotous rink ere. the polrcs- 
gave it, but they were specially prohibited 
by the 8u|wrintenik'nt from doing anything 
that would justify a claim hy the Milker* 
that their work wu* jierformcd hy the public 
servants. This order wa* ula'vrd with ail 
ntiraltic judgment by tire perfectly ilrill«*l 
palicenreti, uuii wns en furred by Murray’* 
per-ooMi -opcislsion. For some reven week* 
tin- Irottble continued, and during all tliat 
lime cunt were run with polieenren on board 
to protect them; hilt no policemen assisted 
iu the driving or in the work of the coadnct- 

It was while title strike was going ou lliat 
Superintend. -lit Murray thought out the plait 
widt h lie )>ut iu .qK-rulion in the strike of 
l“SO, and hv which he wa* able lo provide 
for lire extra duty without calling on Ida 
men for any extra work A* be mid himself, 
tlw- *triku could have continued Indeflnltely 
w ithoiit nenswitniing the performance nf one 
hour of cxlm duty by any |s din-man except- 
ing hiturelf ami Ilia Inspitlnrs. Il wn» a 
simple plan. He put one-lialf tire force on 
"Strike duly." and kept lire oilier half on 
regular pntnJ duty, No la-tter plan seem* 
feasible, hut the fuel that (hi* i* necessary 
gives point lo the urgent re<ximinrndalion 
wliicli SuiHTiiitriuh'iit Murray made In hi* 
ie|Kirt on the strike lo Ibe < <nnoii**ioner*. 
tlml lire police force lie iireunsed hy at least 
l.HtO men. Tlie pnesilMilty that tLi- regular 
duty nf the forte may at any liim- devolve 
u|*ui oue-ltalf tire men is not a pleasant one 
for, property owner* to conteuqdiitc. cape- 
daily when lire fact wIiIlJi necesMlatra the 
move I* that disotvler nnd riot are imminent. 

Il would lie manifestly unfair to Superin- 
tendent Murray * predecessor* uml lo Ilie 
other offiis r* cf tire force to give Idm sole 
credit for the condition and nrer«iJr of lire 
New York jKilice, Imt it l» entirely true that 
under hi* command Ibe force hits uweticd 
a much higher point of cfllrirnrv than ever 
before. It Is unquestlcinnlile that there i* 
much les* open vie* and violation of hv in 
lire c ilv Uian woa ever Is-fore known, and 
Ihul tin* fact is owing cliletty to the Superin- 
te-mlentspetKinul vigilance aud llrediseipline 
Ire muinlaiii*. 

IVismially Ire I* not only rvfftceled and 
feared by hi* nren, IhiI r* greatly loved -vnd 
admired hv llrem all. Aliliougli hr i* im 
plocubly stent when oerwrimi demand* It, he 
was never ncra«ed of injustice or liaishne**, 
and was never known to show the b sign 
of excilctneiit. Easy ami |Hdl*li*'d Id de- 
meanor, Ire never raise* hi* voire nlsive con 
rerMitloUal t.are*. never refuse* to listen In 
anv reasonable appeal, and 1* known to hin 
sulionliiuitc* a* a man of princely gntcrmilv. 
There are few men on the force wire would 
not follow liim. where he ha* never hesitated 
to gn, into imminent peril of death in the 
irerforiuumc uf duty. 


THE PHILADELPHIA AND 
HEADING TERMINAL. 

It. vein transit-- or. pcrlinpa, In speak more 
properly, inter-urbnri transit— Is a muuk-ipal 
spectre which confront* all our large Arner- 
Seali elite*. In New Yolk the eievnied ronds 
are mere apologies for ranhi tiair-it, or any 
other kind of transit, if iil-vriitiliitod. over- 
crowded ear* and dilatory train service un- 
auy criterion of wlmt the 'public Ire* a tight 
Ui expect in return for the vast privilege* 
enjoyed by tflCwe cor|>nratk>n». In Ih-.'on 
Urey Ireve" recently eonirected the outlying 
sohiirli* bynverlrend electric railway*. which 
doe* not solve the priiiileni.but merely shelve* 
it iiuiil some future .lay Chicago has het 
"Alley Boud." which may help the south 
side a little hut the nortli side. and paitii <i 
larlv the west side, where more tlian one-half 
of Chicago live*, urn I with without any more 
real iiipal ■.rartslt than w Imt tire surface cahle 
ruttid* afTortl With the World’* Fair r ilv lire 
question is wlrel lodowiUl the Chicago I liver, 
and II has *•• far tvinnlned unauswenal. In 
St l.otiis then- hat Item some talk of an ele- 
vated fund, lull il ha* ended in talk, eilheT 
from n lack <>f enterprbe or a genuine lack of 
m'Cvarity, most prolml.ly tire latter, Hrook- 
Irn lia* uatumlly copied New Vi.uk. Pklla* 
dclpliia. die last of our large cltltw lo attempt 
*«inre form i>f rapid or ialcriirlMii transit, Ire* 
been uml i» yet ctuifroated hy n more diffi. iill 
neriea of ubMacira to a proper solution of thi* 
truly momentous question Ilian biiv other of 
her a inters. In lS'M lire AsHendd) *ias it wa* 
then culled i.d I’eniisyl vauia pns-**l lire act of 
ronuoliflnl inn. by which these corporate low n- 
»lii|*s and Imrooglis of tlw county of Plilla- 
ilelphU licoaim- |u»rt of municipal Pliiladel- 
phiu. vix . Grrmanlown Southwark. Bristol. 
Maas* 'ink. Hoxiiorough, Northern l.lberri®*. 
BylK-iVv.lV-nn Oxfoid. Kliiir*e««ing. B* Imont, 
Morrlaiul. Kensingirai, Bichmond, Spring 
Garden. IVi-t Philadelphia, Pnreyuiik. Low- 
er Dublin. Block Icy. Movamenstivg, Frank 
ford. Hridraburg. White llnll, Delaware, and 
A ram In go. Kt that tinw tire question of rap- 



JANUARY 10, 1891. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


23 


Id tmnrtt w« not born: nod yet from that 
prrxxl tlx- difficulties ul the prevent situation 
imiv lie hi id lo date. Hy lire existence of all 
there intconiK-cted M-llU-iiiL-nls the city inher- 
ited a numlicT of In* ntllroiul r'lmissimii 
which Imvr with tin- bqo-c of lime hlowuini-d 
into downright nuimneen, prejudicial to Un- 
live* salmi mm forts of ll- citizen*. In thine 
day* all «f the unsettled portion of Phila- 
delphia County consisted of truck farm*, 
tlin>ut;1i which the lr»ti horse ploughed hi* 
way iinre-drictKl by tin- enuaiug of mi era* 
at grade, hundred* of « lih ii since then have 
come i ill- ■ evidence upon the city map The 
railroad- then. a- now. entering tlx- city were 
the Philadelphia, Wilmington nod Bnltituore, 
with its atitlion at Eleventh and Matfcrt 
streets tin 1854 sold to the IViuov Ivnniii 
Railroad, the Fhilndelphm. Wilmington, mtd 
Baltimore moving to Broad him! Prime *t reels, 
for venra the on>y derail passenger station 
in Use rityl. Philndelpliin and West Clx-slcr. 
Philadelphia and Trrntoti (now all leased 
lines of tlir Pennsylvania Koilmsdi. and the 
main line of tbe Pennsylvania itself; besides 
Ho se were tile Philadelphia ami Beading main 
line, and the Philadelphia, Germantown. and 
Norristown, and North Pennsylvania Knil- 
rmirl for several ymra lewMxt to the Phil- 
adelphia mid Rending company). The city 
of Piubtdelphia cover* nearly 1*1 square 
mile* of territory—a greater im-u. prwlntbly. 
Ibiui any citv in tlic world, and the heart of 
the town la-fug then, ns now. in lire immedi- 
ate m-igblH<rbiHs1 of Broad tunl Mat ket sired*, 
tire railroads sought to come as close to this 
centre na p wsllde. 

Jiefore the Pennsylvania pasurtl from the 
hand* of tint Stale lo its own control its first 
isiwenger station was at Third Mini Illicit 
M reels, then nl Eighth and Market. and from 
than- Inrnting at Eleventh mid Market, tire 
silo of the present Bingham House, mid its 
freight staiion wna where slnnda to day Mr, 
Wamunnker’l Grand Depot. with its .VMH) eiU 
plnvc*. Tin’ Wert Clx-Mrr bud it* first depot 
at Bread ami Race streets, wlx-re the build- 
ing long known as the • ' City Armory " stood, 
now the nrntory of the lmlln!i<m of ’’KtHle 
Pcncihles"; afterward tin- West Cheater and 
Philadelphia moved to Eighteenth mid Mar- 
ket, anti later vet to Thirty semnd and Wal- 
nut. The Philadelphia mid Trenton lit first 
came no further tlian Tacony, but finally era 
mn-red to Front and Harrison streets. ken- 
►loginu, from which at at ion some local nits- 
sengrr train* ate yet despatched. Heading 
hr might her main line Horns* tin- Schiiyl- 
kill at Belmont. around Hie Park, ami down 
Pennsy Ivaniu Avenue to Broad mwl Callow- 
bill alrcets; I*liaLa lelpbiu, (ierinniittnvn, and 
Norristown. slurring nl the latter place, ex- 
tending through flermantown from Chest- 
nut Hill, and a Itrnucli lo Mannymik, Ibi.x- 
borouch.and Xonirtown. gndiroin-d the city 
and county hy way of Ninth Street to that 
avenue * joncilrai with Green Street, wliete 
Maud- its prcsi-nl passenger station 

The North Pennsylvania eventually ealah- 
lisbed itself at Third mid Berk* HI reels, then 
out ' in the hush," In shape. Philinh l|dnn 
re-emhlra uiu< !> a* any thing the avemge 
sweet- potato, witlt its narrow end extending 
to League Island on the south, ami gradually 
widening north nud weal to meet the taun. 
dnry hues of Montgomery and Delaware coun- 
ties. Through this brood end caniir tearing 
down toward the heart of the city Hie mil 
roods, every year adding to the alrcets which 
they crossed at grade, and these which the 
city’s grow ili added rnatMiug tlie railroad* 
at grade Every year added in Uir manu- 
facturing greatne-s of die (Junker City, mid 
naturally along the line* of these ironed rond- 
n-ay* the great foundries mills, vmi fartorii-a 
estalilished llicniHelveH. with siding* connect 
ing them ut grade with die gn ut trunk lines 
that furnished them with tntusjmrtniion for 
thrir ware* to all pons of the Unhid; nud 
ahmil it* manufacturing industries grew up 
a city of a million of people. It soon Ire- 
came a question how to hull'll'- these |H*iple. 
liow to transport them to iln-ir homes and 
the inter iirtwu traffic uf Hie rnkliMKl* grew 
to enormous proportions. Tlxi name* of 
most of Uic townships ami boroughs la-fore 
mentioned now apfa-nr upon tin* railroad 
mnp of the city n* prominent inier urhan 
points yet purl of the niunici|wl whole 

Rapid transit flrat came to the front In the 
Quaker City some six or aeren yearn ago, 
dirmigh ih»- activity of tin- late linn. (Jeurge 
II. Boker ami hi* associate* wlio made sev- 
eral unsuccessful attempts to p.x** un r-rdi- 
naneo througli the City Council* granting 
permiasion to erect ujuxi Market Street, from 
the Delaware to tl>e Sriiuyikill. mid theme 
heyniMl to a point in JMiiwuic Cmtnty. au 
elevated road on the New York principle, 
tail such wa* the popular Imligttnilon. the id- 
temfit signally failrti at eneli trying. Tlii* 
agltatiou brought inlo etisteuoe the Traction 
Company who sought by tlirirmbln »>»iein 
to fiuniah the imaary nimii transit; it im- 
proved two sliUMiion. lint It fur from cunvl 
llic evil. When the IV-nnsylvanta people 
crrimctl the Schuylkill and huill a ulmir via 
duct over their dim propertv to Rroml and 
Market street*, built a rmid of tlwir own 
Germantown wav, another to rap the S:huvl 
kill VnJIejr. aeuiiirod the Plliladelphia. Wil- 
mington. nud Ihtlliniore. and also I'iiiliidrl- 
phin ami West Chester, and centred all iIihhb 
rirnds. with their fine suburban home*, nt die 
City Hall. Rending * main stronghold wna 
invaded, and n ovrioua Mow struck nt her in- 
termla. Heading Hied to eounteract these 
proceeding* by leasing th« Gcrmaokiwci 


road— the North Penn*vl ran hi— nnd securing 
control of the " ISound llrook Houtc ' to New 
York; 1ml m the mean time Heading Iwcanw 
ii financial wreck, and passed into tlie hand# 
of u reecivcr. Then cuine plan- nf reurgunl- 
(alion. ami till* wav finally effvcterl aftr-r a 
iies|«-Tiui‘ mid pmtnuHrd legal battle. When 
Ibis was ended. Mr. Austin Corbin la-nime It* 
president. A* main a* die financial atmos- 
phere lue I been snlllrirntly cleared. Mr. Cor- 
bin began lo lay plan* for cenirahidug Ills 
passenger hitdneio, then divUiwl Ml ween 
throe tcrminnla. The natunl ubjutlve point 
was Market .street, and thti centring i*m»t 
w lu re all their line* could meet would bn 
Twelfth Street. The first appliculitm Was 
■mule for au elevnted structure aud a Marki-l 
Street station three year* ago. At once the 
ipivstiiMi of ulailisliing nil grade crossings 
b.'idied to the front: live dtizMia had ulllen.d 
from this dtctnlfiil ioculm* for years, nud 
here, thought liter, l*oor deluded creature*. 
wuh the long vt ULeii for otipiirtuDiiy to get 
rid of tbeiu onre ami for all. 

Keuditig ih cupie* to day al lens! ninety 
per real, of all the gntde crowing* In I’liila- 
delpliia. and. nhut L* most to tlie point, it 
liohl* the right of way “at grade" In “feu 
simple." and cannot bt»«li*rvu*ite*oed, norenm- 
peilrvl Ui vacate these grade crossings, uor In 
depress or elevate it* truck*, except nl h* own 
sweet will, And tlii* the Quaker* soon dis- 
cotrered. The word terminal ill till* c> inner- 
thru k* somewhat of a mhnuiner: in point of 
fact, it i* nothing more Hum n construction 
eompany. which the peculiar condition of the 
Hesding Company’* bonded and share cap- 
ital mafic a niiceority in order that the com- 
jvanv could issue slinrcs for their terminal 
project, and willt the proceeds const nut their 
mail. The pnqmsition of (hr Kind ing Com- 
|uuy. which has firinlly beomie a law. is. in 
rlTrct, that the road. *» it rim* down Ninth 
Street, ahull la* depressed so ns to allow 
Broad Street and Lehigh Avenue to p*va 
over it* track*; it will then proceed at it* 
present grade until Columbia Avenue is 
reached, wbicb will be carried over the rail- 
road. The viaduct will leave the Ninth 
Street line at Fairmount Avenue two block* 
north of it* present Green Street *«ni Inn. ris- 
ing at a mralerate grade un solid nutwairy to 
ii jHilnl just north of Green Street. It tbrre 
(kis-s t.i an Iron court ruction i holding i wo 
track*} diagonally southwest across the city, 
Upon the company's own land— property 
bought and building* drrnoliibrd for tlii* ini- 
proveini'iil. The viaduct ns an iron con- 
struct Ion extend* to Callowhill Street, and 
llwnrg to the r-ew station at Market Sims it 
run* on solid masonry. A little amilh vf 
Callowhill Street a birandt curve* to Hie 
wcstwanl, crossing Twelfth and Thirteenth 
streets overlwwd, joining the surface truck* 
of tin* main line at llraal Street. All street* 
crossed above grade will do so hy Iwick or 
iron nrehwaya having a clearance of tbirlrat 
fra above tlie pavement, The main line, 
wbieii circles nlinut I he Park, crossing all tlie 
street* from Tweiiiy fifili lo Brand nt grade, 
n.rvnccting *1 gnuh- willi the BaldwinT^H <i- 
rmilivc Work*. Heuvcut A Miles Tool Co., 
tlie William Seller* Tool Co., tbe Whitney 
Car Wheel Works, nutl a doyen other impof- 
tnnt manufacturing interest* fronting on ami 
coHtigunue to Pennsylvania Avenue, will re- 
main a* nt pn-M-nt, shutting n(T Fuirmount 
Park ii ud a Iwaiitifully und rt|ieiisively hiiilt 
portion of the city by Its girdle of iron track*. 

Win-re tlie main line crosses Biruid Street, 
instead of elevating Hie track*, tbe city ini.*, 
iikarvellou* to relate, conscnml to eleva'te the 
street, ami a bridge, which enn only In- liken- 
ed to the liump on a camel * bark, will dese- 
crate Philadelphia's one Him- avenue and ruin 
it a* a prominent highway forever. One of 
the adjoining building* which lid* budge 
will partially close up ami wholly destroy 
as to appearance will be tbe armory of tbe 
First Regiment Infantry, tbe crack uilliiary 
organization of Hie Quakrr City, and the only 
one |*i**ct»lng a really fine armory. But in 
Hmsms day* of railrenid gnnniiudiring what 
can lie expected? The city has not la-en nUt 
to dictate term* to Hie railroad ; in fact its 
citizen*, in spite of the laitlle they waged 
against grade crossing*, were powrrl»* to 
compel ilieir removal. Of course It was p**». 
silile tn witbhnlil nnv further concessions lo 

lire railroad, and lot three tear- tins wot 
done, Intt thr people gained nothing hy it. 
Tltev soon discovered llutl the railroad corn 
imny held a winning hand, and thus grace- 
fully siteenmbed. In spate of the foci that 
by ibis ordinance nine tenths or lire grade 
rroH*ing« are retained, the new pamenger 
terminal is of inestimable benefit tn Phila- 
delphia. ami, alavvc all. of immense profit to 
lire railroad company, Thr Ri-iuling Com- 
|stnr, with it* main Mnn of 9Ct mil.-s, wus 
originally projected with a v|.-w to the Imn*- 
portnliiJii of coal from the uiilhraritr regions 
in Pennsylvania to llde water: it Iim Iwcomu 
n»w one of tlie most iniportunt cwtrier* in 
the coimtr.y. Iricludlug It* branch lines, and 
acquiring hy purcliase or least- die line- nf 
other rain ramies, it operatra 5J2HI miles of 
railroad, nil terminating in Philadelphia. He 
gardi-d as a carrier of passengers, tin- Phila- 
delphia and Heading Is primarily and dis- 
tinctively a local mean* of communication 
between Philadelphia, it* snlnirbs. nud the 
interior of the State. Of lfiOOtt.OOO ia< 
aengcra earriml by it annually, npwawi of 
IO.OOO.OUO arrive al nml de|a»tt from Phila- 
delphia; of these latter SO per cwtt. ate clafc- 
sified as siiGir.ViT.-i tnirtt, corwisting of n»s- 
•engera to atvd ftom points within a rattlua 


of 2fl mile* of Iht cHy. At their prevent 
alntiun nt Ninth anil Green street*. 22H pm- 
wnger train* arrive nud depart dally, U lm 
ing tstimuUsI Hint the interserlion of Ninth 
and Wallace sired* is cffiMcd hy an engine, 
with or wilhsoit cam, ItltXI times eveTy 24 
hours’ Is it to Iw wondered that the eili- 
zeos cry for a removal of grade crossings? 
Tike new termiiiul Million to be erected ut 
Twelfth and Market will occupy the prop- 
erty popularly known at tbe Twelfth Kited 
Market." 

Mort people — and those who are not lire 
willing to In- — lire Well MSI Milted ntih 
*’ Philadelphia Imitrr. Philiulrlpliiu |Kiuilry. 
aquulw," etc., nml this inurket Is bend qunr 
lets for thi-Mi rellbles. It Iraik* a* if the 
Rnuliug pi-ople were going lo imvr a compli- 
cated legal controversy liefore securing the 
condemn*' ton of Hie intitkcl cofn|i«oy‘K prop- 
erly; an it i* l»ow proposed to retain tlie innr- 
kelon ihegriHind floor, with tlie station prop, 
er over bend, coni wet ing with tlie market bv 
plevatora. It i* tli-night that tin- rw with 
which produce cimld be liruiiglit lo the m»r- 
ket from nil |Kirt* of the territory, and tlie 
equal facility with which cwlnmem could 
reucb it. would cumldne lo make the market 
an cxceprioiBdly prosprrmi* institution, amt 
therefore scran- the eu operation i>r llmse in 
lerested lit the present mstkels In the ail- 
vancenu-m nf tin- new arnmgrmcot. The 
at al ion itself will lie mu- uf Hh- firn-SI railroad 
strucritres in tha world. In the shed. ai») 
extending- -HKl feet beyond it, there will Ik- 12 
truck*, ami every effort will he mode to sc- 
enic areitUectural broutjr for tl»e liullding. 
enmhined with comfort mid security for the 
tru veiling public, it will Imvr n frontage of 
26U ftx-l o«i Market Kttevx.ainl tlie main Iniibl- 
ing. containing the olHcrs nud WHiting-rixim*. 
will have n depth of fill feet on Twelfth 
KHect. the almd running Hinnigh to Arch 
Street, making the entire structure <174 feet 
in length 

By thp term* of the mdinancr which calls 
into existence the. Philadelphia and Hending 
Terminal Company, work Is to tw begun 
within IMl day*, and the entire improvement 
completed within three year*. The Phila- 
delphia and Heading Company, a* nn evi- 
dence of good faith, is required lo file u b-uid 
witli tlie city in the penal sum of fl.isst tssi, 
ami proper provision is al>o marie for tlie set- 
Herei-nt of consequential diimugv*. It w ill 
be seen that from the first entiuncx- of mil* 
way* into Philadelphia tlx- instinctive con- 
vergence of tlw-ir rauarnger traffic was tow- 
atvl Broad and Msrkclstn.-ets. Pennaylvaula. 
and some of it* ullirs.iificr tlx- citv compelled 
tire remnval nf strain track* from Broad Street 
and Market Blivet, moved across the Schuyl- 
kill to West Philadelphia 1ml returned close 
lo their old honicv nt Broad and Merrick, np. 
puslie Hie City llnll. NotwItiiMmidiug the 
retention of so many of the grade crossings, 
nod tin- danger lo human life which llx-y en- 
tail, with tlic completion of this new terminal, 
and the existence of Ibc Pennsylvania's Brand 
Street Station mid its probable furl lx-r exten- 
sion. Philadelphia may In- said lo have se- 
cured for her people almost (M-if-ct inter 
urtmn iranHlt, and. to a certain extent, atw> 
rapid transit By these two gre-al passenger 
siatiens, controlling almost ahooluit-ly the en- 
tire MWMicer truffle of tlic city, Iter travelling 
public will in- landed at the very doom of her 
great commercial I mow*, clow toiler harbor, 
theatre*, public buildings. mid Itnnncial insti- 
tutions, in less time and witli more comfort 
and safety than Ml any other citv ill Hie 
United Slain. It re confidently predicted to 
menu a new Philadelphia. 

lI.lltRV P. M.lWBOff. 


THE LAST STAND, 

Itc these days of Indian warfare in the Da- 
kotas special lnlem-t attache* to Mr. Fred- 
eric Remington* masterly picture "Tlie 
l,n*i Stand,** given in the present numlier of 
the WxtxLY. It* Immediate *toty B vividly 
told t-i tin* eye. ami the imagination supplies 
the sequel. Tlie remnant of a body of Lull- 
ed State* troop*, surrounded hy an over- 
whelming fiwre of hostile*, has been driven 
from point lo |«iint until all that remains for 
offlevt* and men i» to sell tlu-ir lives ns (Ira rlr 
:i* possitilc o«i the little liitlork where they 
are brought to bay. Tlx- dead and dying, 
tlic net* of aiming and firing, show that the 
final nioni(-iil« are ut hand, tbe enemy «uming 
in from all aide*. There U no sign' of quail- 
ing in this party of doomed men stalwart, 
stout. hi-lirtcd. keen eyed, IIiwm- bronzed vet 
emu* will make tlie red warriors pay tlic full 
price for Ilieir victory The last survivor* 
w ill perhaps have a spore cartridge left, with 
which to save themselves ifotn rapture by n 
merriles* foe. 

How nmor oentea of which till* I* typical 
have lircn eiiueleil on this ( •ontioml, wlio mu 
say? No one tlx-li I* left lo teil the lull-. 
N« one of < 'urtrr's command remniiied to 
mimic the rmoMcre of the little Big Horn. 
Contra-ting the enormous power nf the gov- 
ernment with tlx.' renontres uf u single Indian 
hmi'l or Irila'. it mar appear thnt tlw Mruggle 
is always lxqs-le** for iIm? re*l tunii IVaeti- 
e-allv it always in w in tlie end: lent la-fore 
that end is rrarbrd tlic vety u.-iture of tlic 
warfnre may put the troops nl a di-advan- 
tage. Tlx- army B small at Is-rt. ami u large 
part nf it occupied with guirison duties that 
an- not to In- almiidoni-d tin Indian hortilities 
In a single locality Tlie Indian*, too. in 
taking to Ui« war |Kilh, make for rough nod 


desolate region* where campaigning is diffi- 
cult. where any superiority in the govern- 
ment’* military appliam-cs U neutralized, 
where even its supply trains are hlixlr rafters, 
and pvrltapa aoitrcc* of peril Belter armed, 
often, than the regular soldier, sometime* 
having two horses where tlx- soldier ha* oou, 
inured to hnulsldp and to privation, active, 
hrave skilled in wood-crafl, qx-lidirig half 
Ills life oh bnlwebark. ii gi«»l diet, the India it 
i* the ideal irregular cavalryman, espr-ciully 
where in- choo-ra Id* owu ground for riper- 
•lion* If he do longer ha* the buffalo herd 
for his cummis-arint. a substitute U furni-h- 
*-l by the much of tlie settler, wlicre he may 
find trot only cattle for food, hut horse* for 
remounting. 

Alarm* here and then- may compel the 
burning of force* to die relief of agencies 
or of settler*, and these columns then may 
run a risk of unbuali, or tif being confronted 
by I lx- ctwmy in full fome; or perhaps scone 
sVidilen alloe-k on a inarching column is itself 
lln- fir-l sign of an Indian outbreak. Koine 
time*, by dint of perfect skill nnd unflinch- 
ing courage and endurance, troops thus sur- 
rounded limy inimaL-e to keep "If the enemy 
for day* and night* till re lief comes, a* in 
" Foray th's fight, " Hint tlirilling struggle of 
year* ago. which Getx-ral Slurtai styled “a 
rime call ’; or n» in that dramatic incident 
of the last Ule curopuign, which General Mer- 
ritt mure recently detcriix-d in Ilixrcii * 
Moxtiii.t M.iiixzixk Sometime*, alas' lielp 
may collie ton late: anil tlx-ll the final acetic 
i* ih«- |«atbetie nud tragic rare wbx.lt Mr. 
Remington b*» ili-picted 


A DEFINITION. 

A -resrr I- a tiling my Irivinl rana-laa *o at*. 

X lilch I la lam m-.ao lo trlrad* ol mmr, iM 

Strekihlasy to (ili-uds -a ili.-ir* raatita ii. till »• 

A m-M mil)' Is is <■(•*» » |U* rfnjr. 

J— ■ K.»i-*ica 1 .M 4 


TORPEDO CRUISER NO. 1. 

TllR 1or|redo cruiser for w hlcli Hie bids will 
l<e opened February II. 1 «f»l . nl the Navy 
Depart mi-lit. is to be much larger than first- 
cU*a torpedo tmat*. aud Mill retain many of 
Ilieir cUnrarteristies, aurlt ns great speed nml 
quick maiKi-uvring. tu whiiii will he added 
a steady gun- platform nnd great si ill lira*, 
She w ill lie the first vessel of her class built 
for rair navy. Her general ilimeuMoua are 
length, 24d.5 feat on drek and 2-Mt f«s-t on l-nul 
line, with 27.5 f«x-l beam nud 1» feet normal 
draft (8 feet forward and 1» feet aft i She 
is tu liave tninsrrew propeller-., driven by 
direct acting. Inverted, triple <rx|«nsion, four- 
cylinder cnglnwoflfiNXiiiidiciiied hnrae- -power 
rarb. witli eight Tliornycrofl laiih-r* for sup- 
plving hlewm. Hie whole inncldocry plsnt 
will only weigh 230 ton*, which is much lrra 
than the ordinary weight required to gain 
Mich power, being only fill praiuda per I II F 

Tin- bull is built with n double bottom, 
which extends under the inugtixliii.'* and m» 
chitK-ry. nnd i* framed on tlie longitudinal 
system, the triuts- erar frame* la-iug 10 feet 
apart and Hit- continuous longitudinal girders 
being Ifi inches npnrt. which, taken with the 
bulkhead- and protective deck, pire great 
freedom from vibration due to lire high aprari 
of tlw; engine*. Tl»e protective deck extends 
tlx- full length of Hh- »ldp, sloldag down to 2 
feet below the water-line at tlic -iite*. Tin- 
slope* will lie J nf an inch and the Hat deck 
j inch. Tlii-" coven tbe umguziur*. uiaebin 
cry space, elre lrieal upplinncc*. steering gear, 
arid, in fact nil the viral |wrt-i. and with the 
coal that te stowed Inside bunker* nnd the cof- 
fer dims, will give such prnleetion from the 
fire of gun-, large and -null, na run lie given 
in a vewrl of her high *|xed and di-plarv- 
iiirnt. Kile is to have u rudder uf about *U 
square feet area, actuated hy direct -acting 
oHclIlatiug hydraulic rylindraxwliipli will la- 
enpaldc of turning her around in nlioul her 
own length— n luvewary frattire in this class 
of vpwM-t*. whose duly it i* lo catcli and de- 
stroy Hie torpedo bunt flotilla throw n out by 
modern latitl«i»!dp*at*kirinf*hrr*. Her line* 
nre carried out both forward nnd aft beyond 
tbe deck in (rive an ca-y enttanev and Min. 
thereby milking lev* dbtnrtinncr in naming 
through Hie wnlrr nt tlx- speed of 23 knots 

The accommodations f.-r offleers nnd crew 
nn- large, and well lighted nnd ventilntrd. the 
galleys, latutolie-. etc., in-illg vililntefl in a 
snmli house that enclose* tlie machinery 
batelxt on the main ■ deck. She ha* two 
masts, rigged fore atxl lift, and carries three 
]H>werfnl search • light*, beside* a romplrtr 
electric plant for interior illumination, run- 
ning light*, etc. Tbe battery consists ref three 
4 tin'll breri-li- hauling rifle-, four 6 -pound- 
era. four 1 - pounder-, and two Gatling*. 
I*lng an exceptionally heavy Inllcry for it 
ic*cl of this speed and ilisplaceimrit. Al 
her normal draft six- will carry 40 tons of 
coal, but ha* bunker capacity for a total 
moonlit nf 1110 Ion*, which will gtvi- her a 
steaming capacity of U^l knot* at full speed, 
■ n 441 In >ur*' st '•atii tug. and nt HI knot* site cau 
steam 14 dat*. or knot- in contrast 
Willi -UIMI of tbe *iiuilnr ships built abroad, 
she will have u Hush duck fore nud wfc. doing 
away with the poop and forecastle and cor- 
res|Minding well, which will gn-utly add to 
her m-s going qualitivs, and make her ■» com- 
fortable and dry rrnft Tlx: vassal v»* dr- 
stgtud by Chief Constructor LYiUoo. and her 
cuginex hy Kn;incer in chief Melville. 


24 





26 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1777. 


LOR1NDY-S DOUBLE 
HOLLYHOCKS. 

BY BBS* I K M 1 1 in j a X 
" Those hollyhock*," raid Mlu Rel*ten. 
" long tin-re l«y til** frin* I call after l.nrin- 
dy— -she dial mr* Lori ml v Stark, you know 
— 'cstiiMi 1 got th« wed from her. They'll* 
real handsome, I lliink, thry're to double, 
l.nrindy set a Store by Yin ulwuys. Shu 
Heed with the widow Wynn, in flekten*- 
ville. She'd tuui u sight o’ trouble, Ill*- wid- 
ow hud, an’ you'll believe IM when l tell 
mm (he'd kwt three- bnsbtnri* ’fore she wna 
forty yearn nhl. She wna (Inf dbcanngnl 
with t lyin' to he married. Lorlndy was a 
coorin o' her*, tui * cboarful-spirilnd Kiri ; 
ho slrf got her to come an' stay with her, lu 
try nn’ chirk her tip. 

'll was it kind <>f a mournful plan- for 
IjMindy Mis* Wynn kep' nil Ibiw o' bur 
huslaui'ds' pilot* 'graphs on tlie |»i l"l mantel, 
with thill silver coffin platea right in front 
•hi 'em. (hi Mimlny night* she'd go In nn' 
look at 'em. an’ cry Site wna real good- 
looliln'. the widow Wan, one o' the sort o' 
women thnl mm like, an' her lin*ls*it*la had 
nil left her money. She could lout her 
fourth ie*t '* well ns not if she'd wanted 
him. Tint r*>w o' silver plates on the mati- 
tcl didn't *erm to amrr 'em any But the 
willow nl way » told 'em 'tw'iia a Vale o' tear*, 
an' *lw*'nT tin tnm for her to think o' liappi- 
nuii again in Ihia world. Her lii>* huaband, 
I’rtrr Wynn, left her n real handsmue place, 
an' money enough to keep it in order un' 
have everything she wanted beside*. I.n- 
rinilv didn't *re why al»t! rotlhln't la' happy. 
But "Mi»‘ Wynn nlwuyrx told her .lie didn't 
know what it wna to hav e n liiiNlumd. lei alone 
Hirer', an' lore 'em all. I.orintly didn't want 
to runny nohody. Site whh kinder sick o' 
bearin' 'bout husband-, anyhow, an' ‘he did 
her best to make thine* pleasant for her etui- 
kin, but 1 rerknn she'll Imd a lotiMutne time 
of it if it hadn't twvB for the flower*. Peter 
Wy nn ltad been dreadful fond of 'em. an' he'd 
an onrommnn nice garden. 

"Mb’ Wynn said *lie couldn't la.nr to 
look at H p*i»y now, it made her think to of 
Peter, but (Grimly took solid comfort with 
urn, specially the hollyhock* They was 
double m ro*es, nn' nil color*. Once, wberi 
the wit goin' Iti a party, she piefctd ii lot o' 
tbe pink one*, an’ trimmed her white draw 
with 'em. an' wore umr in her hair They 
looked real pretty, un' 1 gi**'— u g«***d many 
o' the young mill tlmught the *n me. They 
all felt kinder put out when .Martin L. Floy d 
went home with lwr.au' Lorifidy wna a little 
•lltAppolnlod berralf. lie was it goal ilenl 
older n the rest, an' n plain lookin' man. lull 
he wu* good— Martin Luther bt* name was 
He didn't often go to parlies IkiI llmt one 
was at bis cousin's. so I *p*iM' lie fell kinder 
'hliged to be there. He didn't dance, nor 
play gam*-*, nor nothin . but jest »I<km 1 iu ilw 
ivirner lookin' ou. a* if it 'mused him to watch 
the young folks, an' 1 reckon 1/oriruly in her 
pink holly houk* M>r 1 er catchcd bis eye. Liv 
rindy couldn't see wluit In- w anus! to go I Mm mi 
wltli her for. 'Moot any o the other* would 
V lieen belter company for lief but she irlrd 
to be phauinl all' talk with him as they 
walked along, lie wasn't much of u talker 
himralf, »n' *lie thought itvu* dull enough, 

•She found the willow up. wailin' for 
her. tut' though 'two* plain she'd lieun cryin' - 
over them jihotngliiph* again, -he wanted to 
know nil 'bruit the party, nn’ Lnrimly sal 
down. Utc a* *1 w ns. an' loki her The « til 
nw was real inierv-iod. but when Lorindy 
mmr to mention that Martin I.. Floyd see 
her home, Mis' Wynn sIm- took out Iter" |w*ck- 
rt hiindkcrrhlef an' la-gun In cry. 

1 had hoped I should he |K.'rmllt<il lo 
keep vuu with me.' set she. 

What OH earth'* goill' to binder?' sez 
I.nrindv. openin' her eve* 

•■Marlin L. Floyyl Is.' 

• Nn. it ain't t> 


head lie* a scrim; 


rag the willow 
i to shake your 
an' whatever he 


. e*. lie means aciha 

• I don « '-are wliat Iki ramus.' se* Kotin- 
dv, beginning to get ctvis* ' I don't want 
to marry, anyway , but if I did. I know a 
down I'd ml Iter hare ii him.* 

Why you'd lie (lyin' in the facer.’ Pmv 
hfenee !' *i / Ml* Wytin. cryin' more n ever. 

' II* a gi««i man, an' lee's well oil: nil' (In y're 
gmn to make him a demon in. the rliundi. 
I’ve been tokL Girl* arc »o foolish I They'll 
hr their opportunities all slip by. an' then 
feel bird 'cause the)' never got married.' 

■ ■ I wouldn't many him if there wa'n't 
another man in the wo’rld. *c/, Lorlndy. get- 
tin' more ’it" more worked up. 

•• Oli dear! oh dear!' groaned Mk'Wvnii; 
• I never knew a girl to my that 'Ixml n mnn 
that -he didn't take him in the end. Oh. I 
had b"|s d I wi< goiu' lo Iw abb- to keep you 
with mo for n spell!' 

" But l«urindy was so mad -lie just jump 
oil up nn' went off to bed without another 
word. Well, it ‘| wared «* if the widow 
knew what she wns talkin' 'bout, for when 
Sunday night cmie round, then* was Mur 
tin, teg'lnr a- ehwk work. He never atst 
to see iiooiu' in particular. but Ju-t ln>|iiiied 
if tin* Indies was In home; so. ronrer, Mis' 
Wy tin liml to go in un' «•-<• him. Well - leirlii- 
dy’ But slic'd welcome him r»wl i-ordlal. an’ 
then draw off to one side an' leave l.nrindy 
to do all (in- talkin’ an' *bc lioil It alt to do. 
Martin, he only seemed to want to listen. 
I.oriiwlv tuihi. w Io n -lie came to go (>• bed. 
her tin oat wna tired 's the minister * : an' 
after it tiud been guilt' ou two or three weeks, 


she 'dared the wouldn't stand it no longer. 
She Itadn't never will slic'd keep cnmpnnr 
with nobody, an' -lie wasn't gotn' lo, 

•"I'm goin' om this evenin' mysrtf.' *e* 
she. She was standin' front o' tlm parlor 
Imiklu' sI«mi. uinDiu' on some morn o' her 
pink holly-born* 

rwmildn t liv.k well for you to go out 

when you know lie’s mmin'.' aez Mi* Wynn, 
'an' fcnve me here all alone; he'd think I 
*' (Mansi Ik 1 war* mmin to see me UeaUUw. It 
ain't right for you lo trifle with such • man, 
bn indy.' 

-flood gnu-iouaf scr Lorimly. 'who's 
trillin' with himT Wbo'd •ruitl la trifle with 
such a man — great, aw kwnrd, homely cm- 
turn — ' 

■•Shi* stopped nrcttr sudden, for happen- 
in' lo turn round, she see Marlin Mantlin' 
them in the open front door. He'd rung, 
but they hadn't beard him. I-arindy, she 
Just stood Mill. She didn’t know 'what 
to do: but ihc widow knew. Site bustled 
right forward, nn - armed pleased lo see him 
a- could be. She km w they hod n't men- 
tioned no name-., an' if only Lorimly could 
iwrv it off well's die dUl.thi-ru wh'ii'I no 
n«*l o' hi- thiukin' twna him twaa meant. 
But Livrlndr couldn't do uofhing to help; she 
said 'fhaal-evciMn" wlM'ii be rnmo in. but 
sIm- *ai<l It dnadful faint, an' didn't durst to 
look nt him 

" Well. Marlin he snt down. He'd heard 
what sin- said, course. Iml lie wa'n't tniul, 
He didn't have ih> vanity, so you tviuldn't 
hurt it. If slic'd said he wi. n’lud man. or 
mrnn, lie wouldn't V liked it. lail lie knew he 
want hanVumo. an' he didn't meet hnbmly 
lo think lie was. He rrrknmsl Ins Maker il 
tied liintM- lie thought lar-t; 'I wa'n't nolhin' 
be il Imd ituv bund in noway. m> he wa’u t re 
•aaasible He di<l more taikin' IhHt evenin' 
tlvan lie'll ever done fli otic o* Id* visits aforr; 
an' he ken' Inin' to draw Luindy inter the 
eon venal ton, mi" lonkiii'ai her kinder wist- 
fill, as if III- wished he could tell her right out 
that lta hadn't minded what she said But 
Lorlndr couldn't get over it. sire left all I lie 
talkin' ?or him 'n‘ tike widow. Pkwreri toiler 
she'll raid 'rowt enough for one evenin' — ’a 
great, aw kward. homely creature!' T wa'n't 
no harm to nay n man »»» * large'; an' 'nwk 
ward' wa'n't anything very dreadful, but 
at for the re-l on'r. then? dfdli t seem lo In- 

and turned it. Til *11 *hc looked at him side- 
way* lie wa’n't very plain, after all; bo 
nuuic her think nf a big. bonost. giwal-nalunsl 
dog- She'd never said unkind things 'bout 
him. tirvwinw as be was. if the widow had 
let her alone, in* not talked Tiom Itla heia'a 
arehiwa limit, with nrriuit* iulriitiuH*; uu gill 
con I- 1 help gel tin' ctikx 

"Martin dulu'; stay late '• u*ual that even- 
in’. an' when he rose to go. the widow, -lie 
.‘aid ; ' l.nrindy. don't you want to go an cut a 
le.iknv for Mr Floyd to take to his mother? 
1 reckon it ain't (oo dark to find 'em ‘ 

" Lirindy jumped up. thankful as could 
be for a chatn-v lo gel off. »it' thru -lie *ec 
Maiiin was coinin' with her. Sliu didn’t know 
what to do. 

•• ■ Won't yiwt come too, CuumIii MvllaT'snt 
she. 

"But Hu* whlow, she looked at I'elcr 
Wynn * phob>gra|di on ihc mantel, nn' shook 
her hand . then *hr turnml away with her 
hamlUrri hiuf to her eye*, an' Lorimly knew 
'tn ii* no use to ask her, so she snatclMii up 
her gnntrn scisHirs nn' went out. The widow 
(■•ok down her handkerchief to m ’em as 
they went by the window, an' then she went 
over nn' Mood lookin' at her husbands' pic- 
ture* 

" 'They wen* goiwl limbin' men every one 
of 'em.' «■/ she to iM'tMelf. 'I don't blame 
Lori ii-l y one mite ' 

"I'eter Wynn s garden was laid out real 
pretty; he'd took a -igllt o' trouble with it. 
lin' he wo* a mnn o' litsti*. Peter was, I w i-h 
you ci Mild 'n' seen the nrr-li o' |Hlr(ile an' n bite 
Hetnatl* that Ird to it. *n' tin- w ide path go- 
in' down through the middlr, with rows o' 
tile ill splendid hollyhocks each side. There 
wu* other walks, bninehin' off till* way an' 
that ; an' on the side toward* the road be had 
a fountain: It hadn't never worked very well; 
still Two* there, an' there wa n't another gar- 
den in the town that Imd one. 

■ • IMIylwck* look* pretty, grawln'.' wr. 
t.nrinily. ns they went down the walk. She 
knew she must sur something, an' die 
loiiMu't think o' not Ido' else. 

■They’re like pn-nh-st flowerv in tho 
world.' -u/ Martin. «■ sildden an'deciileil that 
In* made her jump 

" 'Do you like 'em in a bnkay?' wz she. 
kinder Hcalrt; an’ she cut off a great spike 
of cm, heavy enough to a' knocked n mini 
down willi. 

"'Oh. lliat'* it pity!" wr. Martin, but lie 
was Ion late to -top |^r ; then site MimkI with 
it ill her band, lookin’ at him It's u bo- 
kay all by Itself.' *ex be. An' then he went 
on : ' l.orioily, I want to n*k you a qu«>iion. 
A* I untie tip to tbe door to night I heard 
you -liv— 1 wasn't listenin', but I inoldn l 
help licwrin— 1 lu-nril you sity you didn't want 
to keep coni|Hiny wjiJt nobody, an'ymi wbtli- 
eii—soinebisly 'il slop comill toMwyou. Di<l 
you mean It? - 

l^irindy slu- held her branch o' hollyhock* 
tip front o' her face, an' kinder smelled 'em. 
though. huhWne us 'twa«. 'twa'n't noways 
awrrl, Hite didn't know nothin' what to 
say. She didn't want to Is* rude lo him 
again, but she couldn't tell him to keep on 
cornin' to *cc her. for she hadn't forgot what 
the wldu-v -I - -.-.i, ls>ul serious intentions. 


"' You needn’t Ik* Tmld o' Idlin' nu*.' vr. 
he. grtiilc. a* if lie wna speak in' to a rliild 
that was seuirt. 

" l.orindv looked a» him through the Iml- 
lylio. ks. an' she couldn't help furlin' sorry 
for him. t«*r (hough he tried not to "prar as 
If hr W as diuppnitltcd. lie couldn't help show 
in’ it some. Blit sbi' knew 'twaa lx-.*t lo tell 
him right nut. 

"'1 — 1 did mean what I said 'bout keep- 
in' company.’ -ex she; 'hut I— wouldn't have 
l»*cn so rnile il I'd not lieen cows. 1— I'm 
very virry for what y«ui heard nw snv.' 

" ' Oh. you needn't mind. ' w* MuitSn. ' I'd 
n grant deal rather know. 1 might have kep' 
on earnin' loser you for— nnlioily ran tell how 
long. Ju*t think how tired you'd pit o' Ilw 
sight o' tnc!' *ez he, kinder raisin' hU eyc- 
browH an' umillu* at her. 'fan 1 have my 
hoknrl* fakin' the hollyhocks out o' her 
lutitd. 

" They was all she picked for bint to take In 
hi* mol tier. Lorlndy let him have Yin. She 
slissl there, makin' her month up like a habv 
that's goiu' to rrv. SIm- didti t say nothin', 
an' Martin lu* looked down »t lirra minute 
w it lu'ii I .‘jM-iikin'. Then he kinder siglu-d to 
himself, an' went off with hi» holly hock*. 

' Tlte widow made I^iriinlv tell her every- 
thing they 'd satil In rite garden, an' then, sez 
she. • Cornin' from him. that wna the ■ante 
thing ns a pn*poKtl, nn' you've re-fused him 
Oft deal ’ oil dear I You'll never get another 
such chance. I know Ik* ain't htiu soinc an* 
attractin' in the war that lakes a young girl * 
fnnev; I don't blame you for wantin' look*; 
1 always did myself; but they ain't every- 
thing, after id!.' 

"'Ill* look* hadn't nothin' to do with it.' 
sez Lorimly, tirginning to rrv. * I don't want 
any body. An' you raid you liked me to slay 

' Well M» 1 do 'M ML* Wynn. 'But 1 
don't want you to uo-s evcrv’lldtig on my 
'count, an' I do like Martin Floyil real well. 
He'* worked han! all his life doin' for other 
folk*; an if lie * Said up money, be Min t nev- 
er kep" it jest for hi* own enjoyment, Fur * 
I know. Iliis Y the first tune he's ever tried 
lo have anything fur himself.* 

” Izvimlv didn't say nothin', nn' the widow 
MS' tea n't no arc. an’ gin up nrgrrin' with 
her. though she «iid nay It Mx-mru real lone 
miiim- come Sunday night l.oriiMly wa'n't 
one t*i talk miM-h, l«it I do believe »lie got to 
Blinkin' Im.iiI Martin real friendly then for 
a while- bni be didn't come round no more, 
nri (hat fall Luciun Ntkrt took up visitin' 
her. .Mis' Wyun she felt laid 'tniugli Unit 
it. 11c wan a g*ssl luokin* young fellow , nn' 
one that alwavs nuuic hini-elf very agirtwlilc 
to the linin'* . iml he wa'n't no hand lo work, 
an' I jnit»s he calculated lo depend *»n hi* 
mutlM r for what Im: hud Tlrrv was a good 
family, the Nih-ses; Mis' Nih-» she luul witne 
money, an' I.ticiu* watt her only wm. I rvt k 
on she'd spoiled him Tlte widow knew I**-'* I 
make a pour sort o’ husljand for nny girl, hut 
siuiMt time she knew in such «■*> tt wa u l 
safe In say much. She diti iniml Lmntiy 
lliat site'll said she wouldn't keep company 
with nobody, an' site couldn't htllp savin' site 
thought J. '.u in* Nile* was pretty much like 
her liollylMK-kv— tall an'ahowy.tiu iwccmmi* 
little Yount nny other way, - But I like hol- 
lyhock*,' «*z Lorimly; nn' Ilw widow didn't 
nay no mot*'. Slur d been married limes 
enough herself to know how ‘twaa. 

" A girl "II always say slsc wouldn't look 
ut noltody till the' right otic «s*tiM» along; 
then you mn'l stop her, no more'll you emiUI 
•In* east wind. But the widow couldn't help 
inkin' pride in tbe sort o' husbands *hr ii took 
If site had Iht-ii married Ibm-tinic* she hadn't 
matle a fool *•' herself ary once 

"Hut I reckon Luindy wa* kinder fa*H- 
natwl by Lucius. Nir Wouldu't hear to no- 
body, nil' he kep' cumin' to *ec her all that 
winter, spite o' the widow'* turnin' a cold 
shoulder on him, an' mutin' him anything 
but welcome. She always siakl in the 
room, tbe widow did, while he was tliere; 
■sine time* slic'd Iw lootin' over Peter's desk, 
in Ilw coriM-r. sighin' enough to make tho 
eheerfille‘1 folks feel low spirited, an’ mhiu-- 
times ‘•lie'll take one o' her liiidmnds' photo 
graph*— it didn’t matter which— in her hand, 
an' walk up an' down the timmii with il. lu-r 
eye- sut in I wir hciuL 

" I guess Lucius found her n sort of n hill- 
demin e, an' when spring Come lie'll ask I.o- 
rutily to walk in the Harden with him, nil lie 
found the widow alw«v* come too. photo- 
graph' an' nil. an' she sighed an' groaned «o 
much more out there, wheru everything rc- 
rniadisi her o' pHrr that they wiU glad to 
Rt l"i'k inter tlm house again. Lorimly 
felt kinder put out w ii h her aometimes. but 
long's she livcsl with her ciMisIn Me)L alw 
csnihln'l Hay MitliD'. an' Luuiiis kup' cotniti' 
till one evenin' Mi*' Wynn's patience wna 
wore out. all' site up Hli'l-ihl him slic'd nisiN' 
lip her miml to h'live all her money •■• build 
a Imme for poor widow* in Unit town, an’ 
arst him where lie thought would lie a itikhI 
situation for it. Well. If you'll l«-lieve it. 
he didn't come up the next Sunday night. 
The minfcMer had a niece stayin' with him 
from llnwltlra. an' Imt went an' called on 
her. Mis' Wynn was plni«ed a* cnHhl be. 
but 1 ••windy felt I Mil. though sin- did her *s-st 
to m-t as if sIm* didn't care : a girl don't like 
to la* dropped Unit wuy . an' Mir wouldn't be- 
lieve what tin? widow wld Iter wu» the mi*ot» 
he'd Mopped oimin . 

" ‘ 1 could prove it to you cuir enough.’ 
srz Mi*' Wynn. ' liy goiei' down aii' mention- 
in' to liis mother tiiat I'd gi't up the poor 
widows, mu was goin’ to leave my money to 


yon Inctead. an' I’d do it In n minute, only 1 

" 'Die wiiluw wan real good-hearted. She 
knew slic'd acted for the brat, but sbe hated 
to sue Lorimly lookin' down in the mouth, 
an' she kup' Irvin' lo think w hut she could do 
to make It up to Imt SIm? thought perhapa 
they (I id ii I get nut enough. The went her 
was gvtllu' warm, nu' drivin' might be good 
for Lorimly. They titcd it ones) or twice, 
hut thuir horse was so slow l.orindv said 
she'd miller walk, tlM'n maybe she'd get 
somewhere aftrr n while. Tiie whlow tier 
self thought t Would Is* kinder pleasant lo 
have one that travelhtl a little faster, so 
when she brunl 'bout Drnron Spraggin* 
halin' one to sell, she went over to see him. 
'Two* a pretty hurra, an' the deacon snld 
*Iwhh ci title, unly 'twiis too light for the 
w-rk Im hud In do. The deacon wns a nHi 
able ni»n. so the widow didn't hesitate to 
take lii* word for’t. an' the bargain war 
iniide Tln-n *lie an' Lorindy went drivin' 
round tin- country, an' enjoyeil it real well 

" t^-t me sre, 1 guess 'twaa near the middle 
o' July when that horse run away. Twaa 
one afternoon, the widow an' fxirindy wo* 
mu dullin', nil' they went up past Martin 
Floyd's farm. TIm'T hadn't seen nothin' o' 
him Vuptin' in church for 'mint a year, lli* 
holin' looked real juuasant as they went by, 
slvndin' there umler the maple*, the big dou- 
ble front dour wide Open for the cool breeze 
to get m. l>o«iiidy said she guiaueil they 
mu-! lie ex|mitin' company. The word* 
wa'n't hardly out o' her mouth when the 
horse shied they never knew what wnltl 
him hut he run. The widow couldn't hold 
him ill Hie did her best, but he went faster 
an faster, rigid down that long rorky hill. 

"('••urse they wh« both thrown ou>. an' 
Mis' Wynn was luui considerable; Imt when 
they liHik up poor little l.nrindy they thought 
all*- w»i dead. an' ilie visitor* that wide plca- 
. amt front door was standin' open waitin' for 
Went in, rnrrvin' Imt ill lleeir arms. They 
took lo r up Into the great front room, nn* 
pul Imt down on the high fuur-pnst lirdslend 
that was always lu tendim-ss for whoever 
might come; an' tlu-re site had lo lie for 
wreks. One o' Imt legs wna hrokr, an' tbe 
lUictor mid Im' reckotrol slic'd pit some tn- 
terrml injuries a* well. Martin whs one that 
hel|>rd t arry live up tn hi* liiuiv. lie hnp- 
ptitnl lo lie cornin' up from the meadow with 
tw<i o' hi* nu n nl the time, lie waited to do 
all he could an' hear what the doctor said, an' 
then he Went down lo the town to mt Den 
con Spraggins. Martin wa*as well Ypuinted 
with that lew-c's character «* the deacon 
wa* If In-'il known Isiut Mi*' Wynn - * buy- 
ing if, lin'd Ihs-ii to warn Imt; but not vudlin' 
there no mou-. Iw hadn't IumiiI '(unit It. 

•• Well, I gin*** he idii'TisI hi* mind to the 
deacon, au' told hliu pretty plain what lie 
iln 'light o' a iiiuii iwould sell Mich a eteeiur 
us that to > woman. 'Twa'n't the first limn 
il had run away, by a g'*s! ileal, an' the den- 
con knew it. But.' Ism!' Jic was a good man 
on some p'lrl*. an"l wouldn't lie safe to buy 
a hurra o Ilw. archangel Gabriel . the l*>«t o' 
folk* 11 cheat when it r sunes to that business. 
But. uh I wus nay in’. .Martin spoke pretty 
plain to the dean in. an' it rat tint lu* riiaiicf* 
o' ever lain' leticd to hold •ifflis' long with 
him. I>c»cnn Siwaggins ltad a deal o' 'tiior- 
ity in the church, an' lie told Ym Matttn L. 
Floyil wa'n't fit for no such position. Bui I 
reckon Marlin wouldn't V took it while 
Spraggins was in, m> Ywas jest as well. 
Folks can t never ravin to rae the difference 
'twcon lirlnglri’ tlw-ir religion inter their every - 
day life, nn' Imagin' tlteir evcTy-day life inter 
Uicir religion. 

"Alt' l.nrindy lav up In the Floyds' spare 
room un the widow nn' Mi* Floyil look care 
un her with Mis Mens'. *me o' the neighbors, 
to help off an' on Every Is sly felt Ind bout 
her ai-rideut. an' coinv to impiirc for lu-r, an' 
offer In do wlwt tlmy could — everybody but 
I.uciu* Nile*. Hi* ns* heard lo say 'tun* a 
ilrviutful pity biuit Lorimiy Hark * havin' 
to Is.' htiue for tile rest o' lief life, for lira 
widow wa n t goto' to leave her tm money 
Homebody laid' 'Mis' Wyun wliat lie said, nu' 
site laughed right out". I Kit site did n t *ny 
nothin'. Lori mly couldn't get rnconrileil to 
the idm o' hrin' hin-.e. Tlw doctor found her 
cryin' over it one day. an' lie mhl her she 
iMssln'1 Is- sotiit. -lie waa doin’ well, an' her 
lUncin' day* wa'n't orrr yet bv a good ileal; 
an' after tli»t »lte fell la-tier B'hen * 1*0 got 
so *be could la- moved. M.ulin iimsI lo iw 
ii(> every morula "fore he went off l<> hi* work 
an i-arvy Imt over to her sofa, nn at night 
he'd move her back again to her bed. He 
was dmulful glnd lo have a cliancs' to do 
somethin' fur her; an'he wa* strong an 'gentle. 
I.oritxly told hint hr was the only one who 
ever touched her llutt tlldn t hurt her. an' ho 
was plrsx-tl eiiougli Hit f/irindy lav Ibero 
througb llie long summer days li*t*.'iil>i' to 
lb*' lo* tl*t* siugin' out in tin*" in e» an' tbe 
li st * *rt» goin creakin' by in the alrepy sun 
ii v aftefoaoiw; an' *be did a *Uwl •■' ihinkin'. 
Site knew pretty well by this tune lliat Imt 
coilsia luul bn-n light "'bout l.uelits, Not 
that I think she'd ever cared for him. she’d 
jest Ijreli fnwlnabsl, a* girls w ill Ire some- 
time*: an'IiM'kv it is tor cm when they Dud 
out their mistake 'fan* ii'a too late. 

" Well, bv-'u’diy lxrrliidy got wlu-re she 
c* ki I d walk almut a little by lierself. an' one 
night when Martin eomc up as usual she 
look'd t;p at hint kinder saucy. ao’ tukl him 
she didn't mean lo lx It her him no more; *b*i 
vras goin* to lie inde|Hindetit after that. But 
Martin Im look her up in hi* arm* jctl us ' 



JANUARY 10. 1091. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


27 


•• * It Hin t taut lo be l n too much of ft hurry 
'hunt Independence,’ SC7. Ilf. 

•■•The nru thing nnylaxly know* 1 11 lie 
■o spoiled. I ll insi-i mi larin' carried laiul 
for i be rest o' my life. sex riir. 

- •By inr f M-7. Marlin, very quietly; an’ 
’.■trimly turned red n* fire; she Inul il l menu l 
10 lead up to untilin' like that. 

'"I gin-w yuu'il beg tu ini excused,' act 
-he 

■ I’m ready to lake die coutraci.' -*-z Mm 
tin, lay in' lierdown careful an could be. Au’ 
LoriiHtv 'mcmla-rial how »!»*-■ called bhn uw k- 
ward, au' all (lie- -Oar hateful ihiug* bed 
heard her any bout blm.au' her eye* go* full 
- ti'are. she wa» *o shamed an sorry; Inn 
she tried to laugh it -fl. 

" ‘ Nobody could do it wiiluuil burlin' me 
but von.' sex rile. as she'd tub! him -no' be- 
fore" an' Marlin slo-qa-d d< «n an' kissed lirr. 
I' tie widow was Niiuiilm' light there. but Ire 
didn't mind her a mite. 

" ' OIi.'k-z Lnrindy. hidin' In r face in tiro 
pillow. • 1 dlilu'i mi-iiii that 

•The rontriut is signed ami sealed." ho* 
Martin. ' Then , n- s«*in' buck from it now.' 

" • But pel blip* I'll lie lame fur *11 my life 
long,' so* site, lookin' up at him dreadful 
piteouw. 

•• • You won't never know it with some- 
lowly to curry you round,' sex be. 

"Well. Child, I gtMM that'* 'Iwiut all the 
story. I.orimly was married in a while dress 
trimmed user with pink hollyhock*. Jr-t as 
she'd worn 'em to iltc party when Martin I,. 
Floyd frll in love with her. Folks wild Lu- 
cius Niles fell bml enough 'bout It. for lut'd 
liked Iter rt'Hi well; and the dtiy o' tin* w<d- 
dill* the willow give it out to everybody buW 
slic'd willed all Tier money to Lottndy. 


THK WORLD'S VERDICT. 

Tua ilrvp* uf sut>f Sene arnws IW urnuli birt 
H Ml l.ait-J, and all lie; day U|k>u Ike desert sands 
Til* water, dnij. I IV ilrup, lisil telku, till si b.l 
Tlir skins want well* ale li drained, and tint which 
aim remaliiid 

tft’ban s'stliPfisl la the tap o< goil mads t-»vr drupe 
T ut, tlieie uetv Jewels hnnleriiig Die inNalk bowL 
The UnstlnT piljvtiM, nlm nwetker •nnnt'l Hi- shrine 
Ol bolt Mil's ninilymd mid>, al saw 

The mill uturii Iha dsy liui limuKht sulu Us.ii- Ulus. 
t»l eatk I me liHihud Ibe ulhsr tlnHail le Ike IJe. 
Ei -a saw till- shaduw ut tlic wllics ut Jtxrac-I. 

T*t i at a muifwat nriihei spoil,-. ww III Inw ptayvr, 

|ienre and llle S> thlae.” 

tr la i he Prophet's u-.il -.tmik toon." 

Time srrnrU they 

I util KJ Jl.ul It. stsl they laid them down tu n-l. 


Itsiii A': n.',ia wliisi Iheroskisl. The humlnr wsn 

II »« keen on stzii Inur koura, and wllliia Hint time 
tied dried llm ,-ni.r up. Wins this IImi linilhers siw, 
They Word la prater, snd rtelmj. Iim...iI Heir lea-is. 


They laid tSwm d-nru scnln. iwt la Ihelr dieaius ut 
thlist 

The cap o’ertlo wr.1 with crystal water * kith each u*vu 


Wini n^sili the rnt enn art 
Qaidts uf the Kil'hlal llnis 


Neal day a ran Van |ms»— t liy that sjnil, anil mw 
Tlui hrotlma l;l*£ with Ihulr lunula atoiriml mit 
as 1 k»qrh 

To xtisp the gnldca cap, rath stUI in ilnsth's tar 


And —lie hma-lir.nl —I eiHIt. ulnwe hair was while 
Fill,— I up the cup, I, olid the MiuMInff (ems and 

•ICllirt. 

q«**m>nlHg Ike grotil liy which luilli was nixie In 
else 

t'p ilte. and all lifn In |,f, fur list •null hit ut f(U 
And Huai tlic car* -all passed on sfsMi. 

fiitit *•« Mists. 


NEW ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 

AllLUHiDIKXTt, it is understood arc Again 
being mnde fur nn expedition I- Ibe region 
• if the snuib pule. Tin- expedition will I*.' 
of * Joint character. as pntt of the expense* 
will lie borne by the Australian colonies nud 
rail by Umtl Britain . and Sweden and 
Norway will be intm-tdetl in tin- enterprise, 
thr, mi'll the promised cn operation «f Baron 
NordenskjSld ami Barm <W«r Dickson. 
TIm- understanding is that nnb^a wmiic un 
lookrcl for olsstat lea ptwml tbe'llselves the 
txpplilinil will wr» out tome time during the 
course of next summer 

I n a mw tlie velwmi- is not nltiijrrdht r a 
new one. It ia rather the resumption of .> 
srhemn wbirb was hmuglit forwart) lowartl 
tint clow of ltflfa. At Hint lime the Altatla- 
han cvilonie*. Uiwmgh Sir (irabaut Berry, rep 
resented Its tl»r home I'orrniment lliiit. in 
tlu'ir Opinion, ureal gtnal might In- elT.vled 
by what they writ plitiscd to call nn nut- 
arctic nennnoiwuMN>,''nnd ua a jirelimluarv 
to all expedition for tlw tbcirtuigii exi.l.ini- 
tion of the nnlart'tit- rcitlotia. In onler to 
give effect to the suggestion, anil by way of 
elM-Tiurogtng tile b-lne guvcmmctll. tbe Alia- 
inilian cilonii-a offi ri;r| n> cnutrlbntc 1-VXNI 
l ♦4-1. tWUh no coiiditiim that a like sum Ih- 
given by the mother country. Tbe pmpratn] 
was well mceived Tbe (Vdouinl twice, the 
Koval Society, ami tbe Royal ft.-ogr*|di>ral 
Society all lent nic-tMiragruifnl to the enter- 
prise- It seemed for a lime ft, if nothing 
w as to lie allowed to stand in the way of the 
expedition. In January t»T the full-wing 
year, however, the Treasury uiui-uiu eil il-.ut 
it dhl not ace its way lo muking llir grant, 


the ohjepts to he ntlainetl twit np|vearlng to lie 
such «•* to justify iIki cxpcntliiiiiv of even ao 
small a sum 

It was natural that in certain cilx-lea the 
tlrclalou c-nic to by iln- Treustirv should 
have iH-ensioned n eerUiin aiiKitiul -f regret 
ll was for a time (lie ciltlMi of ft litUv had 
feeling in tbe coloni.w Irom ed i n teJv concern- 
ed tind liven- were many |ierwin", isdli In the 
lavhmlt* and In tbe mMucr country. who «m- 
siderr.1 it unfortunate that such un opportu- 
nity fur co ofn-ralhm in au undertaking -f so 
much Imjnirtancu should have Ivtrn idUwrd 
to fall tbiougb. In scientilic circles tbe ro- 
girt on account of tlw rejection of tiie Aua- 
imliiui peopo**| was tlw lo*. Iiecansr tbe 
hint wna thrown out that mil arctic exiihira 
lion niiglil la- lakrii up by tlw Impel ml gov- 
ernment in tlw near future, anil on a scule of 
iniupiit title eum-sponding to the lulereoL* at 
Make and tu the requlri-meuls of Ibe sltu- 

Minn 

This grander expedili-n baa nol yet taken 
shape. It Is understood, however, that the 
Briii'h government i* no longer unwilling 
tn < o oja-nite with the colonies in Ibe nuittcr. 
Tlw revival of Ibe selwine. in fact. U very 
much due lo N-nieiixkjnhl ami Ilia ricii 
friend Oscar lilckson. wlio never falls tn 
come to time with hi* money, and to whom 
tbe greut Swedish explorer ha, Ih-tii greatly 
indebted for ht, past kUOMWW in tlw regions 
of the North. 

N-rrlentkjfdd is beyond all question the 
most exfiericiiowt polar authority now liv- 
ing; and everything else being sutbfacttiry, 
the Australian, must I* considered as fortu- 
nule In nbiaining the cn opera! i-n of such u 
man. It Ls not only that Iw is au accom- 
plished acicntllk- observer, dtillwl by long 
experience in iee navigation, anal rapahle of 
making tlw most of Uic means al Ilia dU 
fMSsal ; his economic inaiiaucirient. iiuhv.1. 
approaidicH perfection. With tlic full de- 
tails of the arrangement we have DM yet 
been imulc fumiltar; but we only Male the 
fact when We say licit the cnnvirliou whirli 
prevails among I hose best iici|Uaiuled with 
the man. and with tin- work to In- done, is 
that success ennuot fail lo lUleud any antarc- 
tic exploration entertwi-w with wiiMi bis 
name may Ih- connected- 

The original Aiisirnlian arbemc contem- 
plaled. as lias been slaletl. a liirfe rcc-nti-l 
iring cruise around Ibe anlnrrtic region. It 
was this limited purpose which led llle Brit 
i*h government. In the early part of l**#. t*> 
throw cold water on Ibe enterprise. It is 
undeestmal that Ike «4«ipr of Ibe project has 
lH-en greatly widened: ami there can laj no 
d-liht lliat u Urgrr porpis%e wus no votary In 
Justify nny high eX|WrtallnUH uf sath-faclorv 
results A mere reconnoitring cruise would 
Ih- of little value. We know ao Utile about 
tbe i omliiion of ihiurs In llw antarctic region 
that it is hut slight i-xuecvmtion of fart lo 
■ay we kuuw nothing \Vc know but little 
a, to what land 1 1 wan is, anil even less as to 
bow I hut land is disIribllUsl. We know that 
there Is iitMindaiMu of ice; hut whether thr- 
ice lurtirrs which have la-en encountered 
indhwlc correstKindlng strelclws of emrt. we 
can not tell, We know little of the chnnudrr 
of tlic temper iiture of tbe air nr water, of the 
pressure of the atmosphere, of (be miow or 
mill-fall : ami of the fauna and flora, we know 
Just enough to make us eager to know more. 
To nuke tlie MCMUiy obtH-rvati-os. ami to 
give value to the rvoilu. much work and 
much time are needed, ll would la* neces- 
sary. for example, lo leave a party as far 
south ns wiu conipalihlr with reasonable 
safety for a whole year. Tlie psriy. in ad- 
dition to the ordinary means of suljulstrocc. 
would have lu In: pmvidnl with sledges, 
Xoi'weglmi snow slvoen. and other kindred 
miuirements. All ihi, menus expense; ami 
it is extremely diflk-ult for Ibe uninitiated, 
h-wever It may bo for the hiltiat«s|. to w,v 
how it is to he iteeoinpli'lied al tbe small 
curt of ilO.(HM> On this fHtiut t'apUin V as- 
cot) Uhl great strews on the ocCHslitm of tlie 
rv-ccnt nut lings in Australia. In view of 
these liurd fads, ll is lo !«• bnrue in mind 
i hat Nonicuskjnkl b> to make out all tin* 
plans, anil whether he shall or shall not ac- 
company the cxiHsliiion. In- win lot its con- 
trolling "head lie is n-t likely to begin If 
he <locs not see the enil from tlie beginning 
Tlie presumption is Unit purse strings will 
Ih- *i i-omuinnd far Iwx-ont! tlw: limits uf 
Cl 0.1)00. 

Iflglnl v l« appreciate tlw importance of the 
prii;si*etl expedition, it is nnvssary lo have 
some knowledge t»f wliai has iilready been 
attempted anti accomplished in tlve show di- 
reeliuu. It was long n belief that n Vast cun 
tlueni exiciidetl from the south pole up into 
the Pacilic as far ns tlw: equator. Van Die- 
man and Tasman hud reneniedly cnMUd 
Australia and New Zealand: hut it was not 
until CisA hatl, in thr last cenlury, sailed 
round anti ioiiimI the Antarctic S-a. and had 
arttlrd the forma uf N« w ZanlaraL New 
( ulctlouia, and -ihcr Aurtndian liuids, that 
the hh-a of ihts vn-i Soutliou continent ran- 
klusl t'erik JMllelniUd lo 71 ' 10' south. Ill 
INIU 1 1- I it ngh.iM-M-it, a Biissiau iiavlgntur. 
reached til" south; and two years later hr 
diuoverrtt ant! named Alexandrr's l.nnd anti 
Peter s I .and. then the nne-t soutlicrty i -l suds 
known. SimullamsMidr with lliesr diacov 
cries. I’almt-T. an American, diacovend the 
island which benrs hi- name. WetUlell. in 
1822-4, |iciit‘inil«l lo T4’ 13 wmili, three 
ilegns-s fartlo-r amttii than Cook, but, la-- 
yoiiil miiieitig an open sen to thr soulh, his 
dtw-overlca were iinim)Kit1ant. Blscoa fol- 
lowed iu 1NJI; anti before 1K18 he hail 


discovered and named Eldnrlay I.-uhI and 
(irabam l.snii. Snltriiin I .xml w as tliseovensj 
by the h'tUn Srutt, a eclidonrr from Now 
Zt-aland iu ixilu Tlw I'niusl States expe 
ditioti, under t'uptain Wilke*, hi January. 
UHULcanic u|von what, whit g.«sl reason, was 
supposed lo lie it continuous t-ncisl line, hut 
nil Its: line of fi-m u lu 12 mih-s In lengih 
made ebtser iavesiigalion of mini muon* land 
■mpussiblc In the same rear D'tlrville made 
u similar dlseoxcty. H« CMun u|Hin what 
In- considered an cxlrudrtl e-ast line, but 
Hliccvss ill tlie mailer tif oltserx ali-ui was 
hindered by tin- sanw oUtlHclc which sIihh) 
in the way of Wilkrs, It wns he who ilis- 
covetwl autl minted the islands Allelic and 
Clnrle. 

Tlic most KiiceeKsful of ail antarctic explor- 
er, so far, ha* been Sir .lames Clark*- K-,s. 
ulu. iii.-vle ilifce scjwilHtO voyages Ijetweeh 
I84U mid ItMJt. Family instiiu-t . and *|H-i-iid 
tunning iiatl emuirullvflltctl him for Ibi, kind 
of work He discoverx-d Ylrt*.rla Land with 
iu miigniflrcnt mnuniains. iu nrlirc volraiu*. 
and it, great it-*- wall. He t meet I the coast 
from latitude 71 : to latitude 78 ; It/, tlw near 
cat approach tu tbr miuIIi (Kile yet lundr In 
his thlrtl voyage be verlfletl the ilistinverln* nf 
OTrvnle I. nl found the i-laml- to Ih> of In 
tv.irisidcniblr niugnitiiilc. lie gave tin- names 
of Ids two ships krrtiun and Tirmr In llw two 
lofty | icwk* ill Victoria Land: and be gave to 
tlw lower elevation* the names of Runs, t 'ro- 
sier. Sabine, and Murrhlaon Biwsa mission 
was avowedly Hcientiflc; and in tbi*. a* well 

in other particulars, tin- voyages were emi- 
nently auitvwiful. The CJmUi ngtT wns Ibe 
laid KWri in these region., bin she hurt'll 
crossed the uularcllc circle. Notluug bus ever 
happened to ralst: a question as in the iiilm- 
or acruracy of Boss, work: blit a Urge ex- 
tent of surface w-ilhiii the luilnrrtir circle re- 
mains lUWXfilored. Il l« prop*-r here lo slate 
that so far no atlempt has i» . ii iniidt lo ex- 
plore ihcse regions wiili the aid of si rani It 
rvianins to U- wen what steam will iu-coiu- 
plisb. 

M hat has las'ti Ibe result of all these expe- 
ditions': The meat uud ckarector ol ibu 
Uml discoveries have lwn imlicaltsi hs we 
hove adviuiotd There I, ll vague, unde tin, ,1 
belief, lituvrver. foiilubsl oil eon h-eture ntlher 
tbun on fact, that lH-rnntl the lauds named, 
and nearer to the poie. is a great Uml mass, 
whose outer tslge runs for many degrees 
ii lung the uutaretk circle, sluHiling M>me»hat 
ulNMipOr Miutli into a great bight opptarile 
New Zealand ; while on llw ullwr. tin' hind 
htmdu-s unit'll further south, prolsitdy to 
within nt)*' As we have said, bowever.’ihis 
cohduaiau i, laistsl on nuijis-tiin- mtliei limn 
©u fact, as tlie cihaervalititi* have l*ni taken 
at rvilattsl |wiinis' Willi legnrd tn the futinn 
and flora llw discoveries, although limited in 
range, have hem of some value. In-er of 
various kind* have la-en found, also the 
iiiu-k **x llw fox. and various other animals. 
Tlw vegetation is rough uml cowrse, lint Hit: 
s|h-i ine n, do not justify any general miu 
Mon. The geology of the region is yet a 
hidden mystery. Front the ]mrely st ieuiilli- 
Hlautl ■ point, il w ould he of iiie III most Interest 
in Msts-rtftln the nature of thr fensil plants, if 
Him- are any iu llw antarctic hand. It i» no 
longer doubtful that (treenlaiul. even in the 
tertiary age, had a climate like thal of south 
era Europe; hut we arc in davkhca, as lo 
whnl has caused the oscillations of climate 
on the earth s Mirfacc. There are those who 
think thui Ibe primitive home of mail and 
Indeed of all life, was in Ibe arctic regions 
If the geology of ibe antarctic could apeak In 
us.it might help to solve one of the greatest of 
scleutiflc s\ Metlis. Fuel, ale much wauled 

It is gratifying to learn that Interest in 
anlarvtic explomthm is. after a long interval, 
reviving. w> arc not ja-rmlucd lo douhl 
that this exiwriition will lake sltape. and that 
success if pu-silde will fas achieved. Another 
expeililion.it is unih-rrtiM«|. will slarl from 
I sermon v . at the sole expense of I >r Neu 
mayer, IHrector of tbe tii-rmim Naval Oli- 
aervatory. TIm doctor Is iu, well known iu 
this country as in Germany lie is an onthu- 
aiast on llw MihjeiT of nntnrrlic exitlorulioii, 
and he has the means uf giving effect to bio 
wishes. 


COLD WAVES IN THE UNITED 
STATES. 

BY WILLIAM A BDbY 
Tutf mid wave in llx- l’nile*l Ptutaa is 
usually herahltsl by a high wind front Ibr 
wwi. and by a Imrsli diy *id'*r In tlw air. At 
sundown uml with the waning of twilight 
the wind Minus ua it blow« along a cloud uf 
Icy dust. The severity of the cold wave 
may Iw estimated hardly ns having relation 
lu the severity of the wind from tbe w<«t 
ami north, llcfnrc tbe fall in tnnpemiurr 
act, in there are a few hour, of criol clear- 
ness with a gentle wind from the west, which 
smin mignwuU in force. Tbe chilling effect 
i, more liiiciiinforlNhly nolle* able than when 
tin coldest point is reached with the going 
down of llw wind. 

Tlie cold ware usually follows snow nr 
winter ruin, in storms like the New York 
blizzard the Icy particle* me driven before n 
cutting wind at a trmperslu'c of alamt xitft 
Tlie rohlnesM mar come on iluriug two or 
three hours, artil may lie felt la-fore the snow 
lia« ccow'il falling, ' When tlw cold i* cx- 
tremr- llw- winlt-r slurs glitter in the farclmr 
m -s. Sjriii*. w Imho- brightness has bceu care- 
fully measured, and found lo la- four lime* 
that uf any other fixed star, sparkle* like a 


brilliant diamond. Then the snow grow* 
haul and dry. the passing sleighs, mul espe* 
daily ibe wagon wln-el*. creak with ■» me 

lallic sound, mul IIm: liver* « nd foiili 

ing revert a-rallng reports which si art h- the 
skater us the icc hanb-n, iis grasp. 

The advance of a rohl wave i* generally 
cmiseil by a dct-idnl storm centre in tii>* 
Soutbem !*i ales. >v lik-li draws the air of Hie 
polar regions rapidly southward In the nr - 
company inu chart No 3 draw n liV Lieuten- 
ant ,1 oli ii I* Finley. of tl»»- 1 niioi Slates Sig- 
uai Scrviiv, the dSrretion in which the four 
lypr* of Cold waves move urn -s ||m: L'liilerl 
Mutts is clearly oliown. It will be ‘cv-u tint 
tlie four dark king line* representing cold 
wave path, terminate in arrow ben* Is. Miow- 
ing the dlrtrllna of (old wave movement, 
w hieli is generally soulh easterly Tlw dark 
lines show the direction of triuvemeul of a 
MieuiM of ci *1*1 «ir thal may la- rtve liumlred 
or a thousand mile, in diatiielrr. t 'aplain < 

A M. TaIht. Iu Ills work entitled HYurf*. 
Ohara < Hi irNlA, uiuf f« /Vcwsf*. ad vatwes 
lie- opinion lli .1 the warm air of Ibe tropics 
Iom-* it* moisture by riindc-nsaiioii a* it rise* 
lo higher regions of the almiwpiu rc. This 
dry. ins il, henvk-r nil- then flows northward, 
nherr- it rinks to the surface, and gives ri-^- 
tn area* of high pressure, causing cold wave* 
that generally follow ill tbe wake of gri-ai 
storms. The northwiiTd oblique flow- of the 
cold tipper current* doubtless bn* relation to 
the ao -utun I Ailmi of rxirenwlv <old dry »iir 
face air in British America hih'I in tbe North 
western part of the i oiled State* But cold 
nir Munetimva rtmls |i- way eastward iu u 
grrat Tolume inward ihc Gulf Stream, as 
m.n-ii iu chail No. S, where the four principal 
type* of cold wave movement may Iw com 
pared. Olaa-rve thru only mu: of lbc cold 
wnvt-schnrUsI luovrssmilliwanl. it hart No. 
.V ro|t| wave |**th No. | When r-.mip*re-t 
with I he mrrvcment of storms nerns* llm 
I'llitc-d Slate", tbe redd wave*, with the ex 
nqrtion of No. I. are fttuud lo IlMVt far lo 
the srwitheasi while thr average storm move- 
UH-nl. uni here clisrUsi. is deeidnlly north- 
east. Tlic must rciimi kahlr ivpc of cohl wave 
is Ihc one lliat starts from tile North I'tieiflc 
cchisI i see chart No -V mbl wave path No 
•ll. ami with a In-iui-ndous sweep extends to 
the AlUnih: coast, wllh mi enslwartl move- 
nu'iit through (Ndonido. Kansas. Missouri. 
Miuiliern lllinola ami Indiana, Kentueky.iin-I 
YlrginU. Il t* evldenl, from tbe va,l terri- 
tory traversed by Ibis cohl wave, tlial it in 
vi lives ihc jireaeuce of an immenw muss of 
rvild air to fat found only iu uihlwiuier 
There is a fifth kiori of cold wave iku here 
charted because of it* excejaioiial Inral un- 
tun*, wiririi rlesremls suddenly upon tbe 
North Ailantir- mssl frinu the north. r*r cv« n 
from the nurtbeaat. It comes and goes in 
lew* than twenty - four hour*, blit il limy, 
while II last*, run live Icmpcrnlurc down io 
trio as far soulh os Atlantic t’liv. New 
Jersey. 

In • hart No. 1, of the cold wave of Mnreh 
It. lK*t I In- ininoM curved line drawn through 
|Kiiulsoflheliar«iniclrkhiglipiv-«HirrlraveiM* 
an area in which ihc buromder ntnrl iu high 
u> .HI n; iiK-hi-s widt h is the highest reading 
rre-ori'.i-d rinring tbr cold ware* here Irenled. 
and mu- id tin- hlglu-st ever recorded bv tlw 
Signal Serritv. Tin- r-bart give* only teniha 
of Atiinebvf lKiroinetrirpre,«iire. The wind*, 
a* shown liy llw small arrows, are ail blow- 
ing away from the tvnlre -if high pressure, 
drawing All increasingly gimlet iiiinniity of 
cold. dry. lira, ier air from rtgioii* high above 
the earth. Near Ihr centre i<r thi- area tlie 
Ihenniuiwler nr KockciilTc. < Aiiydii. Pmtked 
:i:» Ih-!dw *ero, while nlii.nl two liundn.l 
mile- west ills- n-ading was Jp below, and 
•Ihhii the same dislancc east it was I2 : la*li>w 
The tctnperatimw slratlily rise on all ride* iu 
tlw diM iiiun- from Ihc centre of high ptnvsurc 
im resM - uni il there arc readings r>f 24 : ahore 
zero at Chicago, ami 71 J al«>Vc lit Key West, 
Florida. Tlu- latTometer shows tbul ilie clear 
bright air that lUN-ompaiiied the U-mperalure 
of &{’ fa-low zero affiN tcd ihc country as far 
smith a* Key SVesI, where tlie influence was. 
however, very diglil. ll i» the rush of nir 
away from the region where the buromrtcr 
may read -HI IfJ int-iirs. mid thr tlM-rmomrirr 
:« la-low zero, that may c-aii-e live stliiglog 
Idnsis of cold front tlie north tsr w<*»t 

A |H-(-nliar kiml of cold wrarc known to 
(Im- iuhahitaota of tlie MHilhweMCtn part of 
the l uilrd Stale*, rsperiallv in Texas, is 
shown in chart N>> 2 il is locally lulled n 
•norther. Surh vUiiaimns are greiulv 

dn-adr-l in l.ouidanu and Texas, because of 
the great Hi Wire from mild weather to a 
temperature nearly at zero. In western 
Tefta*, in the prerent ia-tnuee, tbe reading, 
were from 4 to H above zero, frit the 
npnrnarh of this raid wave tlie temperainre 
fell -|u ihirinu twenty -four hours, with furi- 
ous winds blowing in op|Ma*ite direction-. 
snmHinu-, from the south ami llwn again 
front ibe eortti extended to the 

NHithern pari uf Ti-xa*. which i* very null- 
mmL This evil- 1 Wave i- -me of tie- must re 
markable ever cbnrusl by Ihc Signal Service. 
I.ieulrniiiit Finley points -ml llw fact Hint on 
ibe day before lit I* chart wa* -Irawn tbe lai 
romrtrr at Fort Barry. Mauitulu. rr-gi-ti-ii-d 
110.91 inHw* — one of the liigfaesi r-wling" 
ever jpeorvhvl In this cuunirv The tempera 
tun: ill the same linw and pl»ee w»* 44) I*-, 
low zero. The cause of till* great blast of 
col«l air. a* traced out by Lietin-nant Finley, 
wit, tlu- smbk-u appearance in Montana ami 
I Hi kola during the previous wes-k of a storm 
centre of mnrk<d intensity. The raid air 
was drawn after this storm in great quanti- 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1777. 


2S 




CHART So. 1. 


lie* » it moT«l aouthnut. The rash of uir 
southward was furtlirr acre Icra led by the 
formation of mil another storm centre. oil 
the COM! of TrXiu, 

Chnrt No II dtoeliwwiB iIm* conditions thnt 
accompanied Ihr coldest weullier ever offl- 
dally recorded in the Cnlldl Sinter when 
Hi.- ihrrmoinrtrr marked tW In-low zero ut 
Poplar Hirer, Montana. It will be seen that 
w ithin a few hundred mile* of Poplar River 
ut I lie snme time the thermometer marked in 
two Instances »i ' lirlow anti, while Mill fur- 
ther awav. priiwipully nnrlhirnrd. it mark- 
ed 42 iu'i.1 153 below. At Fort Buford, 
North Dakota, and nt St Vincent. Minnesota, 
tl.e reading* wen- 46* Moff zero, while ut 
Tower, Minnesota, about four hundred mile* 
east wunl, u temperature of 4* below was 
rectireled, Tire report of <W below zero 
seems nil rrrnr until we examine rliart No. 1 
herewith, in which the remarkable eastern 
colil wave there shown reveal*, a like discrep- 
ancy N-twcen the It- 1 Mow zero at Rock- 

I life, nmi I he 11“.® .ami II Mow of the 
surrounding country. During a eold wnve 
which ran-*-* a fall of teni|ierutiirv of from 
-Ilk 1 to .VI-. like special region of innat intense 
eoltl is usually very •.mull, anil gvnendlv ap- 
pear* n little to the left of the region of Eiijclt- 
i-*l hnroinrtrir pressure, ns shown liv the chart. 
Further north the air b> warmer. At Poplnr 
Rivrr the territory ttmlcr the inHucnre of 
tin- severest cold wus prulsahty not grraler 
than nliout one hundred miles’ in iliumcicr, 
l*-f nn»e nt Fort Rufonl, ulmut the same ills 
tam-e w est w uni. the temporal urr w.-wonly 4<l J 
Is-lnwr zero Tike absence of moisture in the 
ait wasdouhtlcui tstte of the special loeul con- 
ilitions ut Poplur River. Ilut nt other sta- 
tions ihe cold was aevere beyond precedent. 
At I kiiliith. .Minnesota, the temperature was 

II In-low win, anil at West Ijis Animus, 
Colorado. .HP below— the lowest temperature-* 
ev.T riTonleil at Uiese stations. At St. Paul 
Hie tattling was 3.V below Zero— lit* lowest 
hut one ever recorded tlkrre. Tempcmlnrrs 
in the Luke region. the Ohio \ alley, anil 
thence to tin- Atlantic omul fell from XPtn 
-to in twenty four hours. In various places 
in Montana nmi ihe Yellowstone region -now 
fell In a depth of more than two feet Mnny 
|» o|.|.- were lost In the deep snow, ntul frozen 
to death because of the low temperature*. 
< old uir wasdniwn down from British Amer 
Ira In rust >|ii.tnt!iles toward a storm centre 
Hull suddenly developed great power, extend- 
ing from the Mississippi Valley to the upper 
I .uke region. 


General Grecly has eallcd attention to the 
treeless nature n’f the high ground along the 
houndnry line between British Amerirn and 
Ihe United State*, including Montana and 
Manitolxt The most marked average of ex- 
Ircfiku cold applies to this region instead of 
to that further north, It appear* thnt these 
plains of high elevation give rive to very low 
temperatures. Blanfonl has shown, ax Gen- 
eral Greely points out. thnt forest* ami vege- 
tatkxi retain moisture, which always lessens 


lire radiation of beat. As the polar wave 
moves southward toward the nortllWrst 
Imtindnry of the Culled Stale*. it is no longer 
n Heeled by the lieat-retaining moisture of the 
forests far! Iker north in British America. The 
trci'leK* plains and spurts' vegetal Ion of Mani- 
toba mid Montana « auwe the cold ware to in- 
crease In lulriisily as it mures southward. 

Chart No 4 show* the great California 
cold ware of January lit. 1882. which gate 
rise to severe cold weather In central ami 


southern California. Deep «now was fol- 
lowed hy freezing temperature* that caused 
i<-e to form nlmost to tile sen-const on the 
Mexican bonier Iu fact, light snow fell ut 
Ban Diego, in the extreme southern pnrt of 
California. At Stockton. California, which 
is east from San Francisco, mid near the cen- 
tre of the Stale, ice formed ail inch thick . 
and at Fresno, which is much farther routli. 
I Ike temperature fell to 21 ; above zero. Sheep 
froze to death In large numbers iu southern 


< 'all for ilia anil Arizona. At Los Angeles the 
hills were covered with mow At Riverside 
the snow was live inches deep, mid ii depth 
uf from four to ftfb-en ilM-lie* was reported 
from Siii Bernardino to the nice of the Mo- 
Imve Desert. At points in souihern Califor- 
nia ihe »now was reported twenty incites 
deep. This 4p|ienmucc of winler weal her in 
"our Iialy."iu a semi tropical region, raiiml 
greul astonishment. Such n cold wave ill 
sutitlierik California may uot be again experi- 


enced during liulf a ccnturv As in previous 
instances, this mass of cold air Was drawn 
southward by a storm centre, which hud de- 
veloped Iu soul hern California and Arizona. 

It is, of course, desirable that such visita- 
tion* be predicted, because a fall of temper- 
alum amounting to 71'-' in eigbtecu hours, 
which actually took place at West Milan, 
New Hampshire-. March S. 1*87 mny cause 
sennit* los* of life, especially when accuni 
pnnled hy deep snow. t Jwin'g to tlie general 
absence of meteorological stations iu British 
America, the proem of the development of 
llieae cohl nave* is still partly unknown, but 
the coining of n cold wnve to the country 
farther smith cun be foreseen with a higher 
ii. irm , B ch aCT than in IlM MM of a 
storm centre. A storm may be very uucer- 
lain in its movement; it may siuhienly erase; 
but a severe rold wnve generally manifests 
sufficient persistence to result iu veiided fore- 
cast*. The cohl wnve forecasts of the Signal 
Service show a high average of vrrifleallou 
a* compand with those of wind and rain. 
Si ill farther north than Manitoba, where the 
ice is tter|M'iuu1 like greater part of the year, 
Ihe cold wave is at home, with a temperature, 
its given liy General Greelv nt Fort Congor, 
of TkJ below zero. Some of the tendings lie- 
low zero, oliservetl during vurious polar ex 

I s-ditlotis, as cited by General Greelv. are as 
ollows Merry lUy.tU ; Van ItcmuclucTlIar- 
Isir. OH : Floeuerg Beacii. 73 ; from which it 
appear* that 1 Im< temperature of minus 63 at 
1‘oplar River during ibe great cold wave of 
January I, l**K5, wu* of truly polar severity. 

Flnromarinn, tlie Frrneh astronomer and 
meleonalogist. gives some of lire lowest tem- 
perature* observed on ilie Continent, reveal- 
ing Ihe fort Ihnt the eoltl wares from itfilUh 
America travel further soiilli and with great- 
er severity than those in Europe In France 
a record uf 21 la-low zero h given; ill Eng- 
land. .*> hel.iw; in jlolland and Belgium. 12 ' 
Iwlow; in Denmark. Swctlcn, and Norway. 
67 Mow; in Russia. 46 below ; In Germany. 
32 Iwlnw ; in llaly.zem. Ilut (ienernl Gn-t-ly 
cites tire lowest ii-mta-ratune ever re-corded 
in the woi hi IIS I*' l»-|nw urn. at Wi rrlm. 
)an*k. Siberia, i Hlier lnn|>enitures ohwrved 
at the »n me nlaee were S4 . 7s . mid 77 ' be. 
low zero. Thb slarion is dtunlesl alx>u1 330 
feet above sen level, and in n valley where 
Ihe sun i* alnerit during Ihl-rmla-r. At iu 
the case of southern Manitoba and ROrlltcril 
Montana. WeidioJnti«k may lie reniarkaiilc 
for iIm- aridity or rocky nature of the surface 
Upon which ft It situated. 





CHARTS OF THE Fill’ll TYPES OF COLD WAVE PATHS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
ClUKTKIk nr Liritknant Joiix P. Fim.f.v. Hioxai. fours. UxtTKD Statc* Armt. 


JANUARY 10, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


29 



THK UNITED STATES TORPEDO CRUISER No. I.-Duawx bv J O. Daviimon — [Srk Paoe 38. | 


THE GRANITE QUARRIES OF THE NEW 
ENGLAND COAST. 

What granite whs to ancient Egypt so il is (o tlic United 
State*, fi has been of vast use in the construction of our 
monuments, am] especially of our public Imitding*. Whrtlier 
we liaTO yet predated any structure destined or able to last 
aa lone as those of F.gvpt may be reasonably doubted, for. 
aside from uur melbuds of construction, our climate seems 
uncongenial to sucli durnbility .i» we see exhibited hi tbe 
tlrr nuno'itlieru on the bunks Df the Nile, where DOIIO years 
appear to produce not Hie slightest effect on tbe sharp 
edge* cut by (lie ebisrl. Tbe necnl style of construction 
now followed In our cities for large buildings, making tbe 
frame of iron enclosed by a thin casing of Mooe. especially 
granite, would seem likely to dec-mute the demand for that 
durable material, while tlic many Invention* intended at a 


substitute for paving stones also threaten eventually to tie- 
crease the value of the quarries of New England. 

But ns yet there is no more evidence Hut tbit demand for 
granite is’ falling off than llut tbe supply i« decreasing. In 
fact. tl>e supply mid denmnd continue Inexhaustible, and the 
granite industry is one of the most rigorous and healthy in 
New England.’ The crop of stone was garnered there by a 
beneficent Providence untold agns ago, for jmuiilc is by 
many geologists supposed to lie the oldest of miucra) forma- 
tions; and all that 1* now requited l* to go ahead and ntlbrr 
it for the building up tutd beautifying of grant cities all 
over this land. 

Quarries of granite nuv he and are exploited in many 
parts of New England. Sew Hampshire goes by the grim 
sobriquet of the Old Granite (Mate. One may And much to 
interest and inslruel by wamlering through the granite re 
giuns from Gutmectlcut to Maine. But there Is OM group 


of quurrics which, yielding in importance In no other quar- 
ries In the world, powcew* picturesque feature* that render 
it especially fascinating. Wo refer to the quarries following 
Hie coast -fine from East purl to Boston Bay. whose con- 
verging points arc Penobscot Bay. Cope Ann. ami the Quincy 

ICLtl'III 

Never wns there a place more appropriately named than 
Rockland, Maine, near the western rntrnncc of Penobscot 
Bay. guarded by the bold. aggressive bend-land rnlletl Hwl’s 
Head. On every Imnd are i|iuitri<«. The place itself, a 
flourishing city of 10.000 people, U almost a quarry, for the 
wnter-fmol U faced by lime kilns and a trestle work for 
tbe trains bringing liini-stone from tbe vast qiinrrics it mPe 
out from tbe city. while tbe wharves are thronged with cnaM- 
ers freighted with wood for Iniraing tbe lime. Tbe lime 
quarries are exceedingly interesting, presenting vast exca- 
vations 100 feet doop. great picturesque ebustu*. which the 



by Coogle 


AN* EAST SHORE GRANITE QUARRY — From a Photograph. 


30 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME NXXV., NO. 1777. 


famous New- Zealander of tlw fnlnn mar 
i-- rhaixs consider ns freak* of nature. Tl»e 
Cnbb Lime Company i« the chief agency for 
the luw-kland lime, of which the 
annual shipment*, average 1,350,000 Iram-ls, 
or 125.000 tons 

TlioninUon mill SxiUth Thomn-liili. SptllCf 
Head and St Gr -orge inimivliiitrly adjoining 
II- - hi. mil on lite soul li mi'l Waidnli. -rough 
"ii the west, contain an abuwbint supply of 
granite, which is being exwivutcd at several 
qijimii-*, Iltur of Wahlolsiruogb l*iug Vallln- 
bk' for p<vving-*tonf‘ . bill it is o<i tlw islands 
of IViudwcot Bnv Hint one finds the most 
interesting mi write* of llinl region, and per- 
ks pe of the Vuiicd Slate*. Tlw quarries of 
Dix, Hurricane. and Fox islands .-ire tlw most 
Important. They are right onl at sen. Itcaieu 
by tlw gale* of winter, ami bilked by the id 
mn«l Italian sunlight of summer. 

Tlw 1H* Island quarry furnished tbn stone 
of which tbr New York city PuM-ofliec wax 
liuili Mild lielirc pnsM-sM'N it curtail! historic 
Intcfesi. But it f* not worked at prmcnl. »x 
its granite i* found in irregular minxes liar, 
lug no certain cleavage, and her.ee involving 
great witur of effort and material, while rven 
at its best it i* liable to be disfigured by dark 
Idutcbe* that impair It* beauty when tuud for 
architectural purpose*. 

llnnricane Island lias a wild name that 
suggest* tempests and pirate*. In reality It 
appear* to l»e a focus for the squall* of iVn- 
onscxit Bay. and tnauy a passing schooner llO* 
bent low to the furious blaMx sweeping dow n 
from its prreipitoos crags. It lx n mere fork, 
uml yet holds unloid wealth w it hi it it» Borrow 
limits, for It jMVMiito a «dUl nuts* of moot 
valuable granite, fit both for building and for 
monumental purposes Oau quarry repre- 
sents at least 100 twren of clear granite, rcndi- 
ing more than l.Vl feel ulsire Uie sew. nud its 
far lie low. were it necessary to quarry *o ilecp. 

Porqmury Ing pit i pore* tlw granite of llur- 
ruwnr Islntiil is nf mixed value, Some of it 
is in bowlder form, ntiil not altogether to tic 
depended upon for rutting into regular blocks 
of any size, while some, ami llinl l lie larger 
proportion. Is In layers tint can be cut nidi 
the ordinary methods to almost any desired 
sire and shape. The largest monolith* of 
Egypt, or of tlw Druidie menhir* of llrittai.v 
— and some of them linre lieeti ftxim 80 t-> VO 
feet lung— hate been fai eurp*»*ed by block* 
cut at Hurricane Island. A* a matter of 
curiosity, one block was cut out of It* quar- 
ries no le*s than 200 feet long mid tit bet 
square As there wits no ilrnuuil for such a 
monolith nt that lime, it wiin cut up into 
• mull ‘eel ion* We lieg to xubmit. however, 
that if tlw committee of thr Grant Monument 
could secure atteh a Monolith of New Kug- 
Umi granite, mid transport anil wit it up in 
Rirmldr Park, they could fairly rival the 
feat* of the ancients, nml present the must 
remarkable monument of the ages It in 
worthy of note that there is a derrick at lliese 
quarries, invented by the proprietor, which Is 
utile to ludst « I duck weighing i’i lous nud 
move it in anv direction 

Hurricane island Is owned hy Mr David 
Till son. wl«> until recently hax worked the 
quarries bim-s-lf. But they arc now I cured 
to the Boutli Blot her*, of New York.wlsoalxo 
own grtuiile quarries at South Tboiuiislon. 
Of course all the sloue quart led there nnr-t 
be shipped to market by coaster*. The St. 
Louis Poseoffirc wa* twill by Mr. Tillson. be 
sides ikikmtou* other iiupunuut structure*. 

Almost within bailing distance from llur- 
r m m iic Island is South Pox Island, win »e 
landing place and anchorage an- at the south 
cm emi. ami air known u* Viiml iluvrn uml 
I'arvcr's Harbor. Fox Island is a long and 
somewhat lofty Islet more or le*s covered 
niih *crub finest*, anil presenting many pic- 
lurrsque bits ullrnclirc to the artistic eye. 
But it must be admitted that the importance 
ol this island is due rather to its granite titan 
to it* u-sthctic aspect*. It I* a little singular 
that the formation of the island scents to sug- 
gest two distinct geologic epochs, dll idol as 
ii is hy a line running acrons ii ea-t uml wort 
On list- south of that line the granite U found 
nlmoxt to Hut exclusion nf any other stone, 
w hile on the north of it then' is not llw leaxt 
dgn whatever of tbr existence of granite. 

There is quite u littie town at Viiml Haven, 
including KVtnl hotel*, one or two of which 
ure for sominer visitors. But the hu-inrx* of 
the place is granite. There ure several quar- 
ries, and two harbor*, with dock- and der- 
rick* for skipping the stone One aim sees 
there uii artifii ini Inke w itli lloodinles. and 
supplied bv the tide*, which *iv i ousiderahly- 
higher on ilmt must liiau south of Cape ('<«]. 
Tire water of ihl* lake wn* imiI for power in 
running tlie innehinery, and ullhnugh largely 
superseded now hy steam-power, it L» still of 
use soltie-liinc* 

The quarries and plant of Vina] Ilaren arc 
owned hr the Hraiwell (Inutile Coin Jpany. 
whose Jtrexhkai Is Mr. Ucorgr M. Bruincril. 
If not the largest and innxi inqiorlanl granite 
rtimpany in the Lniled Stale*, it undotibl- 
edly Ita* no superior, either iu ex lent, the 
quality of its stone, the character of its 
plntil or I lie amount of llie IliiislMsl work 
*bip|<ed from Its dork*. The romptmy is 
■ npituUn-d at *300 Ollti, nml besides its works 
ul Viiml llaviti owns valuable quarries of 
granite at Sruruce Head and St. George, wur It 
of II..I khmd. nml u lerx iuijxirlniit quarry of 
red or »ieulle gtiillltC of a beautiful eraill 
mol tl it at JuneslKtrougb, near Marbins, 
w (licit i* taken to Vilial Haven to be cut uml 
polished. 

Thu q nan ic* of Vinol llavcu have fnr- 


ni*hrd tlw stone for the State, War.and Navy 
Ivpiirlmeiit* Building nt Wnshiugloii'. the 
llnrlem llJver Bihlge. the Pilgrim- Monu- 
ment at Ply ranuth, MasuwlinseUs ; the <‘nr- 
iwgie Five Library. Allegheny City: the 
Pennsylvania ftaMipr Station. Phifadeb 
pliiu: the new Mcthmli-l Bonk Concern 
Ihiikliug. New York: il»p Huvenwyer n*»i- 
•lence; the polished granite for the Stale 
lwMi*e at liKliiimipolls : tin- new Federal 
Building Brooklyn , ami many other prom- 
inent buildings. A mono Ike numerous monu- 
ments fluislMd nt Vlml Ilaren nnv lie melt- 
tinned the Laden tnsuMileum, \VnodUwn 
Cemetery . nml the noble innniinirnt to Gelt 
mil Wool at Troy, New York, composed of 
u single sliufl of granite sixty-lire feet kmg. 

Tie- company own* a Hevl of schooner*. In 
which it -litpi it- granite, white anotlMT HksU 
is constantly cm played bringing cistl to Carv- 
er'- llarl»i| for the U*e of the steutn eiiglhe* 
and of the ]wop)c rc-iiiing there, or IntnlsT 
for boxing the finished granite, u detnniul 
which aloiic eon-timei) a very huge quaiitlty 
of wood. Ilani a* granite may aptM-nr, yet 
win- n cal and tn>lislM-d it requires to U- pro 
tccicxl from aiiRv-iiin almut a* curefullv ax 
wood. 

i treat exp>-ri«txxiand dexterity are required 
iu packing the granite na honr<l the ship*, 
uml the hnxnrd oT navigating them with Midi 
a cargo acro-sthe stoitny waters from Maine 
to New York is by no inejinx trilling To 
(ran*|>ort tlir Wool Monument it w»« neee- 
*»ry to cut a large liole in the bow of the 
vessel, and lay it carefully nu n Ivsl nf crov* 
tLinla-i* in line with the keel. The Bodwell 
Comptmy sbl|» sonn- 10 . 0 UO ton* of granite 
nnntully', lmtii finished nml unflnisbisl This 
really repreaenl* an enormous output, for a 
very large proportion of tlx slilpmi-nt i* cut, 
polislMs!, ami iKixed, ready to Is; set up im 
nirdiniely on readting its deeiltmlion. 

The ninipsny •* exploiting t w o large quar- 
ries at Yinal Ilaren, aatl Ini* a most exten- 
sive plant The granite thu* fur quarried 
hn* lw*-n in luyera or sheers, rendering it 
highly Irneluhle. The formation of gniuite 
i« such— being, aa it* name indicate*, tl*c *g- 
gregnlinn of sepurate uml imb'pemlenl gran- 
uU‘— Hint one non Id -uppene it to be uluuys 
un nmorphous him— liiihh' to break off cu- 
prirwmsly in any direetinn. Much it often 
Is, «* nt 'Dlx Island But ouhe us often Ii 
xrrtns to liavn solidified in Inver* nr strain, 
and by taking iul< tin Inge of these u straight 
cleavage can he olgnluetl. the hkak- varying 
in thickness nccordittg to llw width ol the 
stratum. Such is the ease at Ytunl lluven. 
The rruilt B lo mloimizc the nervosity fur 
udrir powder nr dynamite, nml to reduce the 
waste of truiU'riul. 

One of tlw nisi common nicthiwU of split- 
ting ofT the mek from iu bed. which is still 
u*vd at Vitial lluven allliotlgli less raliosl 
el-ewheri', i* wiili n drill Ilmt iMllkr* nlmt is 
cnilrxl the Leni* hole. Thu drill has a Irian- 
pilar flics- (H-rltapa an inch nud a (purler 
wide. tY hen one hole has Item drilkil, an- 
other is mude abuul an iueh nud u half from 
it. The cote lietween llw two Index i« then 
cut nut, prndiiring n diumnod-sliapisl hole, 
which is filled with tiuwdrr tamped In with 
xuikl Tlw |*»iot- ni the lozenge follow tlw 
intended litw of ek-avuge. nml lor this reason 
llw) can he very fat apart, even twenty in 
forty feet. Cate |» taken that nt each end 
of tlw proposed ldoch the stone lias been 
completely aebaraied. Thus, when tlw blw*ta 
arc sprung slmnltaiwoitdy, a straight sepa- 
ration ix mode (rum end to end. uud a com- 
plete rua-a Is secured, ttf courne such a *ut 
ixfaclorr result can only Im depcnrlixl on 
when the granite formation is regular, ns at 
Fox Idaml 

Ilorscs arc now used instead of oxm to 
draw llw grauite from the quartte* to the 
work*. Tlw drays are very powerful nml f»ir- 
ttisbed with drrrick*. They inovr on vrlus-ls 
of Immense dinnwler provided with (bmkle 
felloe*. The large*! truck at Vinnl llnvrn 
is called Jumbo, the wheels have a diameter 
of twelve feet, 

There i*a Corliss strum-engine of seventy- 
five horse power.hy which most of tlw hrnvy 
w«rk at \ inul lluven Is dune, such as pinn- 
ing. modelling -hafts, ami tlw like, The 
turning lathe is umilnr lo llw one u*rd at 
lnurble quarries, aral cuts into the granite 
with a tooth of steel that hmghs to acorn the 
inikdkly link* of antediluvian monster*. Held 
by chimp* strong ns fate the uncouth block 
of granite reluctantly comes forth from tlw 
tretlwndoiM "i deal u *lui|>cl\ , haml-oim shillt. 
reudy for the vinery poll-h tlmt slmll make 
it sluiw like a mirror, uml bring out all the 
ominkrl ls'iiuty of vein nml tint which 
was hidden while it remained iu the rough, 
Granite, like human nature needs discipline 
lo develop the worth of which It I* capable 

Tlw proem* by which granite i* rot down 
or Mitisilhened differs -omewlml from the 
i-.ihblng Iwsi used iu shaping marble. Iu the 
latter two the Im-iI of metal, covered with 
sand or steel dust, whirls under tlw marble. 
Hut Iu phiiilng granite the proevs* i* re 
v creed , Tlic block of granite is firmly fixed 
with the face lo lie smoolheiwd utraard. A 
battenatal revolving iron di-k then pu—rs 
over it. cutting it down with sunil or chillis! 
iron dn*t and water. By iwo long levers 
the disk may Is* turned by the workman in 
any direct loo. The disk is really a wheel 
composed ul ■* *ctkw of t Ing* Joitws'l together. 
It iK.furmcd tluix in order tlmt tlir material 
Hint is thrown off tnuj |«i-x away instead of 
oh vying the pinning machine. 

I Vl Imp- the tiio-t rvinarkuble ft-ul ure of 


the great works nt Vinnl Haven is the cut- 
ting shop, where blocks are simped and fin- 
Uhnl l>y liand m every form isquinrd for 
architectural nml inouuuieulal Ohjecl*. This 
l« Hie largc-i retahltolimcnt of the soft in the 
1‘niled State*, mid hundn-ds of carvers uiiiv 
Is- seen there hnsllr ply lug mallet and chisel 
Tin* ntimlN-r of men employed nt the Fox 
I -lit ml quart ic*. of course, vnrhw from year to 
year nccorditlg to the demnnds of I be bu-i- 
iw», hut it now- averages nlsuit *ix hundred. 
Formerly, before llw employ merit of labor- 
saving ninehlne*. the miniU r wn» ‘umdlme« 
as high us twelve hundred. A large propor- 
tion of these men are American*, while at 
mn« of our other tiuarriex foreigners are 
hugely employed — Irish, French, Italian*, 
and latterly many Finns uud Swedes 

There ix n novr] coutiiraorc used nt the 
cutting *leip at Yiual Ilaren for facilitating 
tlw htuiilling of the granite An elevated 
railway Ix-gins outside of it, and runs thu 
entire ’length of the Interior of Hi.- shop. A 
frame on wheels runs on the rails, from which 
are suspended chains and dumps, rrnchbig 
lo a short distance from the ground. The 
truck, carrying a bhx-k of granite, is brought 
under the railway, and tlw stone U attached 
to llie i lumps ami chains, and being liftevl off 
the truck, hniigs from the tolling frame on 
the railway, which can In- easily moved by 
one or two men, ami thus the block of granite 
ran lie pushed In any pur; of tlw shop ami 
depusitnl there. 

TlmmaMon. South Tboroaxton. St George, 
and hpriwe Point, at the sniithw i-xt cut ranee 
of I'eiMdmcnt Huy, ul«> have granite quarries, 
turning out tut MiUBdanou of the gray Mime 
of Hut region, hut calling for no special men- 
tion bcumd the fuel that they form pari of 
llw great system of the ci«*t quarries of 
Maine. 

The next distinct ntlrin of granite quar- 
ries i,u the New Kngiarul const is found at 
t'»|ie Ann. which may In* said to lie literally 
a solid block of granite capable of supplying 
tin- world with puving-stoiws for n i|iouu>nd 
years. Ciqie Ann is u small neninsuU pro- 
acting from the coast of MoaMChuseHs. 
Mast people xuppiue that it n-iujwx In the 
extreme ea-irto end: hut the outer part of 
tlic pr.inuiiii.iry ix in reality an i-'-und two or 
three miles square, xrpurutnl hy n narrow 
strait from the innio laud, utid suuil) vessel* 
mn entirely clrcumuavigule it. This has 
ln-en u fortunate cirruiustanie for our llriirr- 
niell caught lit heavy weather off one of the 
most iidiinpiiahle parts of out tiwU: for if 
north of Hu- cape oil n lee shore, they could 
Mutwiime* run for shelter Into Squiun, whidi 
i» nt the uorthent entrance of the ('ape Ann 
Inlet. This gave rise to the old story of the 
Murblchcad parxcti who was pleaching a 
vivid sermon on the terrors of tlic last day, 
Illustrating it to suit llw life of the rough 
Mmt folk wham lie wax oddreedng. 

'In llml >.l iy,"»md h« , ' when the sky ix 
block with scud, and the wind i* howling, 
nod the >».i is rising enough lo fonmicr yotir 
ship, what 111 eft will you do for a refuge, my 
frlendx?“ 

" Put up your IwIm.atMl make for Sqnnm!" 
♦yoke up a weather beaten skipper in the nu- 

Advnntagc lias ln-en taken of several small 
rocky points to const nut u nttmls-r of min 
iainre hnrlxir* around tlw cape capable of 
sheltering half n dozen schooner* enrh. 
These qunint little ports form a peculiar fea 
tore of t'ape Ann scenery. They are pro- 
tected by Itigh walla of granite built with 
much labor and expetare. and arc reurhed hy 
narrow entrance* wide cmnigh for tlw pa* 
xage of u xclwioner inul rosily mixxrd iu the 
dark The hariMir nf Ibirkixirl consists nf 
several slip* of this sort. Pigeon Cove I* 
perhaps llw most picturesque, with it* little 
beach left dry at low tide, while the |s.rt* of 
Lnneatillt nud liny View an- the most clnlxi- 
mlelv txHtstrtMied. A* one rule* over the 
winding hilly road* «»f CHpe Ann hr expert- 
ctwes a sense of humor as here and llw-rc lie 
pi-rrviven a line of musts rising nuinng the 
locks where he would hoist expect to find a 
safe anchorage. 

But for til.'.- made harbors it would hr 
I'XciHnlhigly difficult to export the granite of 
t'upc Ann by sen, for loading shine on a ship 
is u ticklish biisidCAs. and can only In- done 
in a secure haven. Wlwn the giirerniDent 
finishes the grent breakwater which it is 
nnw- hulldil'U |«rullrl with the n.nst of 4 a|»- 
Ann, it will not only afford a harbor of ref- 
uge for ship* iu heavy easterly weatlwr, 
bill nlso fiu-ilitate tlw sliljntwni of granite. 
The breakwater i- to be Oixin feet long, and 
lo contain I.OOU.IXW ton* of stone up to w itb- 
in 22 feet of the surface. Alremly !kV).t"Kt 
ton« of granite huvr lieen depoeited, covering 
a distance nf about IfttCO feel. Tlw Inst 22 
feet ol depth, ntul the |o»rt above the W'tltel, 
may lie either of Iwwn granite nr of concrete. 
The latter Ls generally considered the c.hrtqs- 
c-l mid most etwlnring luulcrtal yet discover- 
ed for xueli u purpose when mixed with tlw 
asb«-» of sugarcane, iu it hanhns by ex|K.«sure 
to tlw element*. The cost nf till* inimen*e 
work i* eMimitled at tf.Y4Hh>.(XHi, t.ut tlic ex. 
perk-nce of the people, gat be r<sl from -ihiiiur 
public enter|'T“cs, ntak<-* it doubtful wheth- 
er Ibis breakwater will be completed for 
anv »uch trilling MIN ii* that. The pn-*i. 
Isillties for a permanent income adtlcved in 
llw New York Cujutol ut Albany muy well 
Mkiiiulate other coutmetors engau*.*] iti |hi1>- 
lie enterprises requiring ycur* to cornpiele. 
Slmll the breakwater of (.'tipe A uii prove a 
rimSUt' iatfaucu ? Let us hope not. 


The qtmrric* of the cn(ie form a cotttinu 
on* line from Kor-kport lo Buy View. At 
I rust a dozen different c-oinpuiiles are engaged 
111 getting not granite on the ca|M\ the stone 
lx-ing nliiMisl entirely the .nur-s- gray' qttulitt 
suited f..r foundation jm-ces or f..r (Utvitig 

Otto off tlw nurnl inqtorlaul of tlwse cum 
wnw-. nud the fit*t lo w hich one comes ofi 
euvitig the station, is the l<... k|H«t Granite 
4 onqmny Tin- office U in llie Imc k |>arj of 
a little country grocery More. All tbe-*- 
companies nave ugendex nr main of- 
tl(cs in lloMun. cliieffy In the building of the 
Association of l tilted Builder*, in Devon- 
shire Sreoet. But on the cape llw office* nre 
generally in the rear or the way-side grocer- 
ies. aiul wlwn one of these i* mti, one i* 
pretty sure to strike the ofilrc of n granite 
quarry. 

I'uwlng through tiles of ttutir-barreU and 
under l*sm» hung with *m lioots slate*, 
flsbiug line*, hatchet*, ham*, brooms, cheap 
IimimI tiiirrors. oil fackfix aclwol-bnok*. mar 
line spikex.xoimdiug lends, and pickaxes, and 
though au aimo*pltere perfumed with plug 
tobacco. keroaeiM’ oil. molasxca, and rad fish", 
one n-tu-lM-x the small olth e where the secre- 
tary of the quarry hold* lofty sway. Ac 
conllng to t Ik- moral nf tlw hour or the dr 
uuind* of Imsiness, he is found perched on n 
high stool nt a de-k wickling a quill over 
bulky ledger*, or xpaled on a l»-ix whitlliug. 
or iii a rickety office tlialr lilted bock *o 
that lw tuny rest UK heel* oil the will of 
the window, through which the ocean i* 
m*-ii, and : 1 k- schooners in the little hat lax 
Ih-Iow loading with Mime. Annual him ate 
gathered the magnates of llw iieigblHirhood 
dbcUMiiug llw gossip of the cope, or man 
ners. eiu-axed in oil jackets mid pirtiirenqiw 
sou’wexlcr*. Inking their order* nod talking 
over the prosjiecl of getting II stunt ocn.-- 
the hay with a Irani of granite before the 
quartering of the moon. 

Thu granite of Cape Ann K taken to Bo- 
ion in old sloop*, and to New York and l*hi: 
ndrlpbia in scliouiK.-ni of some size. In any 
case « bnznivlotis enrgi*. it i* especially so f-r 
the sloop*, which go hiailcd down to the 
decks. They are ubeululety dcpcndettl on a 
fair wind mid u stivnotlt wn. and arc often 
oldiged to run for Salem when the weather 
look* threatening. Sum time* one of them 
soring* aleak, and goes down no «oddeo ly 
lliat tl c crew has Luirlv time to scrambb- 
into tin- boat which in mrefully lowest 
astern. 

Tlx? Hock port Granite fouipnny is said ti- 
ll*- capitalized at fSOU.UtNi. 1 doubt the 
amodtii. and only give it n> I Iwnrd it. twing 
unntile to obtain preriar fuel* at Hw ofilre. 
w In-re. for the first and only lime, a singular 
reserve wax. fur unknown reasons. *p|xircnt 
in giving infonnatiou. 

Tlw lbick|mrt Granite ( ompauy Ua* u 
small IxirUir of its own. owns n number of 
vrswlx. and runs two large quarries at pro 
sent, one of tlwtii of uuuxuul magniiuiJr. 
But it linx no mnrhini-ry Im-voimI Mmtn-drili- 
mid nn engine for hoisting tlw granite. It 
xht|w the xinne In uiidrr‘eed condition, chief 
ly for paving, rvi-epting lluit some of the 
stum- i* squure-d or la-veiled for foiiodutimi- 
I -aw wme large block- iu dw »Ik*U by 
the wharves Hint were ls-ing cut for Ho- 
Mount 1 levin Copper Mine*, on Lake Su- 
parlor, to serve a* bi*K for the support of 
nuirhiin-ry. 

The i'igi-ou llili quartk-* are pear Pigeon 
Cove, The company i* capllalizrxi at $50.- 
ishi, and owns n made liarlxir. from which ic 
ships annually ntioui 40,414(0 n-n* of graulli 
chiefly paving - atones, to New York and 
I’hihidclphia. It also ships some cut stouc 
for inonuim-iitiil purpures. to Is* pulhheil 
i-Kcwlicrc, It employ* alioul tail men. 

The l.iuu-*ville Granite Cnmpnny is enpi- 
tallzeil at $>$U,4I0U. and pay* for llw u-o uf lire 
cxccllrnt tundr hsils-r which adjoins lr* 
quarries. This company give* cmplov mi nt 
tonlioiit 140 men. including sailor*, and xldp* 
nil nniiual average of some XY4MH) tons of 
undo— o*i stoti*. to I lost on. New York, nud 
PtiHadciphla. The granite i* qtiat ri*d at all 
srawins of the year although less is taken 
•<ui in winter liiau in summer The wot-t 
time to cut granite is Just after a severely 
cold spell, when the surface is warming to 
the xnft air of a thaw, while the erae cotit lit- 
Ui-x rigid with eulil If attacked then tin- 
stone * him * irregularly, resulting iu much 
waste. 

Among tire other quarries of Cape Ann 
may be im-DtKinrd that of Mr. Charles Gui 
det" of New York, and tlmt of Mr. Bartlett. 
wl«> is in jurtneoUip with the Barkers, of 
Utiuicy. All these quarries turn out the or 
•ft nary gray New England granite. 

The most interesting anil probahlr the 
iii j«t importnnl mni|tuuy mi the rape Is the 
Cunt Ann Graniie Ci-mnnuy. whore quarries 
anil works are *1 Bay View It i» capital 
l/esl at $I4Mi.lMXl. anil also owns quarrie* nl 
Kn*t Cm.wny. New ll<mi|>Oiire. and at Join-- 
port, Maine; the richly colored, varicgntrsl 
grnnlti-s of iluw- quntre-x air token to Bin 
View ti* is- finished. The iirrsident of the 
company is Colonel Junii* French: General 
B. F. lliith-r i* said to Is- Inleicxicd in tlw-. 
quarries Inn we do not vouch fur (he fai t 
Both nf those gentlemen have elcgnut *utn- 
mer residence* nt Bay View. 

The i-oinpuny ba» conslniclcil the large-t 
and best harbor on Cape Alin, exclusive, of 
course, of the jwirt t*f Ghnuv-ster, nud own- 
some of the ships iu tvhkh its stone U ex 
potted. The numljer of men employed v« 
rilS with cLmuustamcs, hut average* at pn- 



JANUARY JO. 1891- 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


31 


m«i about 300. A (team rail war convey* 
i!.c granite from the qiiarrie* to lira cutting 
work* and the dock' Ttil» 1* the only com 
pony ou tlic rape leaving a complete plnnt 
fur cnr.iug amt |f**li~l»ioji “tune, ami » very 
Urge proportion of tire .VMM) too* it iinuiml- 
lr 'hi i» Ihtiabcd Hint nady to lie put in 
place. There It a comfonaiilr Ihmoino ufllcc 
near the work*, anil everything about the 
roiiipany'a |nviiii»»j Itidmitm thorough »y*>- 
h-m mil tucana generously managed for prof 
noble result* 

The granite of Uieae quatriea buna straight 
riravngc. ntul la generally separated hr the 
well known In gran It steam drill, w bleb con 
curry hole* to a depth of fHtevil to eighteen 
feel . Group- of them* hole* arc drilled tome 
Pvt apart, aud tilled with ponder; a cartridge 
i> plared in each, .vttaclusi by u wire to u 
miutnoD lottery, and till llw- charge* are cx- 
plndisl by one electric shock. 

Another method I- also cotitnion when n 
fleitti separation i* desired. Small round 
hole* lira drilled llirec to nix Inches iu depth 
and several Inches apart Two dip* of iron 
called half round*. ami sonratitw* feather* or 
Mirking*. vredgr diatmil, but round on lire 
notable, n ml tbrahi-unig nt (lie hottimi. are 
Him inserted in car-h hole; a autnll sler-l 
wedge is thru placed tielMueo lira two half- 
rmitidn. When all the iioie* have been thu* 
supplied, a man goendown the line? of a edge*, 
In-ginning at one end. mid given each wedge 
cm; *1111111 Irlott with n hainiiH r. With tlic 
lad blow, if not before the cut ire iuim cleaves 
fruiu the bed-rock with a thin dluiglit 11*- 
mire ranching down several time* the depth 
nf tlie bole*. This in apparently • simple 
proem. ntul yet il could only occur In uw 
who bid long experience in the quarrying 
of alone. 

Tin; (ape Ann (ira title Company lura fur- 
tn*hetl humic fur tunny public buildings uud 
uuportaut mnnuinenln; recently il hn» sup- 
plied Inure of the granite ilk tlic new court- 
house at lioMon, lint perliaps it* mini 
remarkable nirmi wa* exhibited in the 
cutting and moving <if the atom* for the 
pedestal of tlic Seolt MiMuinrnl nt Washing 
Ion. Few people realize the alzr of tlan-e 
mhMMl block*. They ant Are in all. The 
four smaller one* nmnun- respectively 2d 
feet ;t inches tu length. IT feel II Inches. IT 
feel 4 inches. and IT* fi-ct tit inches. A l»ve 
‘Im-iii comes the platform, the hinted singh; 
piece nf granite* yet cm and pul in place in 
the United States, so fur u* known When 
in the rough il measured ftt feet 3 Inchew 
in length. 1* fen T, jnrlite in breadth, ntul :l 
feet H inches ill tliirkneia, mid if* weight wna 
l.TUJ toils When cut ami Hit idled tlic now 
•urvwctit* wore 3(1 fra-t V inciie* length, IT 
feel 4 Incite* width, nml 2 feet lu indie* 
ihkkiKM, or 1310 cubic feet, and the weight 
was 1 ihj Ions. 

This enoriniMt* mam was taken to Wash- 
ington hy sen. It llrwt hud In !*• tumid over 
in tin* quarry in order to trim the Inner side. 
This was dune by powerful derricks nml 
■Idfiug. It Wax I beti laid ot» il car especially 
prepared for tlra purpose, mid slntvrn to the 
wharf hy hydraulic power Rut the ends 
mid aides projected beyond lira car. and were 
tinishnl in that position. .Supports, call 
liuura fusliluoi. were then placed under tlic 
ends, lira car WM removed, ami lire finishing 
louche* acre given to the pnrt Villi'll had 
tv»(«l »a the tar When it was complete it 
wu* lifted hy hydraulic: force and rolled upon 
.i platform prepared for it an the deck of the 
-hip. The iiu-u employed In moving this 
block in Ray View wen- sent to Washington 
In place it in pos'.lieu then.-. Thirty one men 
»{*» MimdliUi employ ad on this *totra each 
mositb. although tlie uvcragi; wun se renter- u, 
represiiitiup the Work of line mini f»r 2441 
eiinsecutlre day*, or nearly seven year*. if 
indeed our mnii could have ever notxMii 
|di-dlt.‘d Mll.ll till Undertaking IlInlM'. 

The next great system of tlic New Ktiflaiul 
const grti ti ile quarries is found in the Quincy 
dUirlet, Norfolk County,* short twenty min- 
utes from Renton by rail. 

The eolldilioiis hen; nn? altogether dllTef ■ 
ent from thoau described at the Peimhacoi 
Hay mid Cape Ann qininie*. Iiislend of u 
few lanp- cotn|mDii , s exen vaiina the sitme. 
.■lid ttui'hing uud s|iip)iing u tlu-tnaclves, we 
find no eml of *mul' i:om|Kinirs gnllicTisI at 
Quincy. Quincy Adams, and West Quincy, 
«t scattered atMMit tlw- outlying district*. 
Quincy Adams ha* jwrliap* the largest col 
Uttiou of eMublWifti- nt- ami ii« in a city, 
iln-rr is a subdivision of tlie lalinr. one part 
fulling to (me* eoinpnny. unoifier to still nu> 
id her association. Thus one csnnpany ex- 
ptoiUi tjie grnnile, another cut* unit 'lui]-** 
I lie dOtw. atuilher planes ami turns it. while 
another furnishes th»- boxing or the tools. 
I nstrail, therefor*', of half n du/<-n grtsil eon- 
rents. wre sire u lniiuiii'il «r mum all over the 
■icigblKulHwai. and the entire region ring* 
with lira click of lira cbbn l and the Iminmer. 
The Urgv.it quarryiag company I* at West 
Quincy, nil led the Rail way Grnnile rmu- 
|xuiy-' It i« capital iaul at 4Ra,(W(i, nml fur- 
ii i -lie* thf bmuUfttl blue granite tutfodmhle 
for mortuary mnnumrnt*. But tin ml nf ibc 
r-otnptuiic* nr>- orgaaittil «n a niueii smaller 
finarjciiil baslft. 

By far tlra largest pmportlno of llu output 
cf the Quiory quiurirs i« liui-bed mi the spot, 
find tlru* iinpioy nu’tif Is given there «<> many 
skilled arlisnu*. at surh e-1»tili*buieiil» a* 

McC ilt ary A Oalg A Idebuids. or the 

Merry Mount Granite Company. It is ditll- 
calt to —iy lin* mi mv men find cmploynwnt 
iu the Norfolk County glacnte- IWflllMria, hut 


tl>c number at Quincy Adam* and West 
Quincy i* in the uniglilmriirmd of 25IH) men 
This give* one anine Ideo of th* inngnituilp 
of the operation* in flint di«triei *)iw:i>f the 
fblGf pdMa of shljMWnt Is at Quincy Point, 
nithongh inueh of the Quincy gmirile iiImi 
rtweheH the markets by railway. 

A visit In tin' Quincy qnatiies will give 
one a I'lcur irlni of the method* for grlling 
out mid finishing Hie New Knghuul grnulie. 
iiml of live extent of the business. Rut at 
Cape Ann, mid apeeiallv ill V iiml Haven, 
one necs lira work tierfomrad In tbn mw4 
IHriiiresqur and teJImg manner, showing a 
retilmliiCL-d cumhhnuiuu of effort u in til ah 
tractive surround iujfs thnt give one an in» 
)Ki*ing impression of skil), enterprise, nml 
vast pecuniary (MMalliilillet mid results. 

is. G. W. UEvr.iMtN, 


TUR BROOK’S BONO, 

Tukru mi all ihc drifted noire 
That till the woudlnud oixik. 

In Ibping murie flnwe 
The dark, nalllied brook. 

While winding awlfl idnug 
l|xxi it* ley way. 

It* song l» bill the song 
It nng in rosy May. 

Ah. happy brook, to ring. 

W hile winter days depurt. 

The iim'IihIv of sjwing 
That ripple* iu It* beiiTt ’ 

R. K- Mimkiitrick. 



THE ARCHDUKE JOHN OF 
AUSTRIA. 

BY A CHANOHRfCMK 

Al.Tltot'iiH several year* linvc elntwed Jinee 
I hod the hmior of rcL-rlvIng Archuukc .l«hn 
a* n guest at my bouo* diiriog Hie annual 
mnuu-nvres in ftulicin. vet the HnpiaintaBCV 
whk'b rotnnratussl tlrare. imd which aulrar- 
qiietitlr ripened into fricndriiip at Vraniin. 
eiiulde* lira to appmhite letter Ilian mint 
people the blow which tlie sorely •irieken 
niqrariul f umilv of Austria has sustained by 
Ihe lone of this lira in.*a l-fllllaiil of all h* nu- 
merous inrmlM-m, For only his odngeuiirtan 
nmf tier, lira venerable Grand Ihirhuiu nf 
T H<ni) v. appear* to retain hone# of ever see. 
ing agiuo that favorite son who saileii from 
l.n Plata on July 13»li— uu ominous date- 
nnd who 1 ms never been aeon or heard of 
since. The trip around Cape Horn to Yal- 
Miroiso. wllhrli wn» the (iort of destination of 
ik« tine sailing ship, till: .**. V" r-/nsvilr. gi-tl- 
erally ka>l» iliirty iU> *. anil nTjisionnlly dur- 
ing lira stormy .sewMin iu long as forty -five 
day*. Rut nearly six months have now 
elapsed sine* the Archduke drifted down 
the Plate River, anil vanished Into Hm' blue 
mist which bung nriiund tlic miiuHl tlutt 
mighty stream. Under lira rircum*luticr* 
It Is hardly surprising that his ship should 
have lie»-n |»w>tid as " foundered at «*." 
How mid where he peVulird. if imleeti he be 
no longer of Hi!* world. K nereanrily only a 
mntlrr of conjecture Rut it must lie admit- 
ted Hint he rvullv Courted diaiisler. for white 
nt I^» Plain Ira found It tttmwn to get till 
of lint Ii hi* K-coiirl nml third nfiWi*. while 
nt lira verv hut moment hi* ski|>|M-r. Cap- 
tion Swlielt. fell scrioitriy tl|. mid had to be 
left tiebinil. Tlra Arelidiikt- coiisequriilly 
.vailed wilhoiil a single olflci-r oil Imiinl, ami 
with a crew mvuited from Mtllorsvf various 
nntionalitie*. who were aware that be Inui a 
large numi of money, niuniiuliiig to several 
l.undrid rbouKind iforiu* iu specie, mi tKinnl. 
He wn» therefor* exposed to more lino nr- 
dinary rUk. nnd ev. u If Iris knowledge of 
seamanship— he held n rnnster'a certltU-ate— 
cun bled him to weather the fierce storm* 
which rage during lira iiutumii uiotnli* 
aroand tbe»oulbi:riunu*l }s>iut of Amcnt ii, it 


is quire possibla that hi* crew may have mu- 
tinied for the take of the money on board, 
and lia vo either put him to death or caat trim 
■tililfl in 11 lionl 1, fur oue, cludl eeilninli 
not feel siirpibcd in hear aoino day of tlie 
Archduke being disistveml in the guiM nf 
a iiiiieHfnih iemui’V Uoliinvou Crttsue, cast 
nwoy on snine lonely tvland. for every thing 
in connection with this lVim* I in* l**n im 
pngmted with mow nr less romniK*. mul 
m> luiventiire of Hiia kind would cOBSlitlllc a 
fitting rplsmle — it piin* inc to use the word 
conclusion— of hi* rNuarkaltle career. 

Tlra A mint ul.e when I U*l saw him w as 
scarcely wliat won hi lie ml list Iniudsofue — 
his friti itivs were too ttrHtlnglv linp»lMirg 
for that - hut hi* far* was singularty bright’ 
oleVCT. and ritcnvting. nml Hie kind lilies* 
Hut shone forth from lil« dark brown eyes, 
and hi* smile, were exreedingly winning, 
wlran lie illd liot hiqqie-ii to Im- in one of hi* 
sarcastic iiiMitti»hcri mo.*]* Ilisdark blown 
hair -nn* parted in Hm; middle, und brushed 
slightly forward at Hie side*. Ill* whisker* 
and mustndra wi-re of tlic -wine color. Tlra 
mouth, with il* somewhat thick lip*, was 
thornughly HapOnirg. but Ibe uiim; Win di«- 
tinclirrlv 'IhHirVsm — h fact pivdaiblr line to 
Id* mother ta-tiig a Prince** of the Nenpnli 
tan RoutIhui*. She Is a shier of tlra late 
Kmpmx of Rmril, of tlu- lore Qius-n Chris- 
till* of S|Kiin, nn'.l of the Comic lit- Clinic 
bonTs motlM-r. the faiiiou* |)uehe«xi’<lo Bern, 
Tlra Archduke'* Kniidvme and elegant figure 
wns M l off to prrfettlon hy Ids utrfforut or 
1 ieulrnnnl (ieiM:rul,»nd hi* whole apiM-wanre 
gave one Hie hur>m*ion of urantnl and phy- 
siiwl aetlrily nun power. Indeed, be seemed 
to have liern ciMlownl lij unn* fairy god- 
mother with every i-om-eivable talent. Hi* 
intli'ary genius and attniunietii* have Ixvii 
deserilied hy tlra most rnm|icl,-iit critics nf 
ItlC day as In-lug of Itti extraordinary nature; 
nnd some of lit* li-eart**'- nod ]miup 1 ilei* on 
matter* csmnerinl with the nrniy — nutahlr 
one entitled " Drill nr Kd weal ion "—have had 
the rffwt of almost revolutionising the War 
Depornnenl* both lit home and nhrmul. To 
a profound knowledge of c-heinlMrv anti of 
other similar sciences he added the some- 
what inixitn|xiHble gift of |wwlry; nml sev- 
eral volumes of really Iwauitfid jiuems liiivc 
l*s;n piihliriinl by him muter the pseudonym- 
of Jolmiiu Orth— a name derived from Hie 
Ciisile of Orth, which was hid favorite reel- 
deuce, on lira (imundm l.nkc Asa musical 
eompOMT. too. hr mqninsl cunsideruhle fnilra. 
Two of hi* rvidixcs were played ami dnncvd 
to Ihrnugltout the entirn carnival of 1WJ «t 
Vienna; and a Imllel which lie mnipOHi-d. 
rnntieii Die Assnasinen. ‘ has freqiwatiy 
been perfonned at the I III perial Opera He 
pliiveil e\i|niaitcl> on tlic xilher; nnd nothing 
ihfiI to delight me more than w him lie would 
seat liliUM-lf at my piano nnd allow hi* lingers 
to roam over the lit-i*. mlllog forth lira 
strain* of House *wret and plain- ivc KaCmth 
IHT l.l'xl. or of Noun; llirliliug Tsignlie mel- 
ody. irhirh rtrotmi through the air. nnd out 
through lira open window* into the twilight 
tmtswtv. ill* mu a Mr rs toward woini-n were 
iiiarkis] by all the chivalrous courtesy which 
I* traditional lu the llii|niitirg family, while 
in Ids dealing* with men he was aver trendy 
to forgive an injury, or to make amcnil* for 
any outplay uf hi* somewhat quick t«n[*-r 
With rvgnrd to his nobility of character hi 
tbi* i*s|«ect, the lies! illuslraiioii Hint I enn 
give la his behavior toward Major von Ikanlxi. 
oira of lira ch-vci»-*t alike r* of the Austrian 
tutiiy, who wiik disniim-d hy lira Emperor 
from active service a* u jraatilty firr the |nir- 
lictilatly hitter and "arcjifllc trcalim- which 
Li- published in reply to one isnotl hy the 
Archduke. Ills *u|H;rti>r I'lUcer. on the suit- 
irrt of hrtivy nnlnano- Awnrv that lira 
Major |joN*»-*snl hut little beyoad hi* pay. 
Ira sought liy rvevy iih-miib iu'lii* twwcr to 
provide for bix maiutcuauei-. mid finally se- 
einril him n lucrative pmiiiuu a* the person- 
nl able dc-enmp and iqtnrry of Hie weulthv 
Prince Ferdiiiuiul nf ttuc-Caliurg now ruler 
<d Rtilgarin 

An impremkifi appeura to prevail mixing 
the public I but Ihr Archduke's |um* of hi* 
title*, rank, ami hnuora cnfi*lUuUal u pun- 
iriunent liy tin- Kni)»-Ti>r for fijinc peculiar; v 
flagTiilit act uf impropriety nnd mim onrlm t 
Till* Is fur from Irelng Hit- mv Hi* renun- 
ciation win n purely voluntary an. and mi* 
repealed several times brfunr the Kmperer 
roukl 11 n.ally Ira indiieed lu gntil his consent. 
It mi* n projofX w hkli lei had conceived 
year* aud year* ngn, and I cun rviaill to mind 
Hint In- dKcttssed II In my pmt-Me a* far 
hark a* ISM). Only Ibrxu- acquainted with 
the terrible sererily of tlra niu ii-nt Spanish 
ciiquctU- whbh premds lit the Austrian 
cuurt, and which stille* every indi'|a'iid<-ni 
s*-li t Invent and feeling under media- val prece- 
dent, will Lc able tu apprt-clsle the biii<-rue» 
With Whirh lira exasperated AndltlilWe was 
wont to lament bkettalietl birth, mid to yearn 
for a humbler rank lit life, whirh wuiJil en 
aide him to haul nn iinttniiim-lleil existence, 
and to devote Ji in energies to tlie wotk most 
congenial to him lu no army iu lira world 
do more antiquated pn-Judk’va exist than 
among Hit! old Geiienil* at the lirwl of the 
Austrian army, who Had llrali prlii< l|<»l Mill- 
port in tlu; venerable ami cliariniiig Art'll- 
duke Albiwdil. the vlcior nr ('twtaxxa. tuid 
hciogeimriini tti'liernhskiino of the |lii|* rial 
fnrei-s. All 'In- enligliieunl and progTi-adva 
kbw* of Hie young Archduke were gull ntul 
wormwood to Hu- dear old gentleman uni to 
lit* while haired follower*, among whom rira 
cohyIcUob prevailed that Fritter John was a 


■linwrou* character, who required an unliin 
lied amount of Huubhlngaml ivpicsrion Tie 
Archduke was not slow lo realise ihl*. nml 
|rai hapi n Irifie indin na-t n: Ike loudness 
«>f his cwtipUtnt* about the manner in whirl, 
lie was pt«-i cnlnt from apply iog hi* talent* 
to the nervk'e of hi* Kiapcrtir aod of hi* 

" I ukl not become n soMier," lie would 
exclaim, "merely for llw sake of having n 
•nitre clanking at my hecla, or for that ■,( 
riding in u brilliant uniforni ainring the Km 
|s*.i, it "a euitc at tlie review*. I want to fi*-l 
that I really cam my p*y as General, 1 «l« 
nut wish to lie lookisi ii]kid a* a mere uui 
formed Idler " 

It was protmlily tin* ardent clt-rin* to r— - 
i :i|h- from the tiuliinicl* hv whkeli Ira w.i' 
liompetrd on every ride licit !■ d Idni to seek 
a fn-.rii lli hi f. ii- Ins eiu rgy in ItiilgNTui wheii' 
h<' fir-t nfleird himm-lf n* a candluale for tlra 
throne left vacant lo lira aUlliaHuti of Alex 
antler of HntlcnU-rg. nnd where he miIiw 
qneatly applied to Prince 1‘i'riliiiiind for tlra 
chief comniAiid of lira Rulgarhui fotcex 
llulh uf I liiae |vililiiiil iudiu ret ions rauwtl 
dismay nml Ineoavei lence nt tlie Vienrra«c 
Foreign Offlcr. nnd likewise gave mudi uf 
ferns' to tin- Emperor Rut the latter, with 
bb usual klinlniss of In-nit. soon fotgnve his 
wayward young cousin, wluioe edocalloa he 
hail silperililcnilcd, of whose talent* he w.-is 
proud, alt-l who ;is n In .y bail )ieen Ills pitlif 
ular favorite. Nor was any odd of nil aim 
memhers of the imperial family more uffer 
tiotuitely rttsjvcd by In* Majesty than Hie 
ArrhdiiKc John at tlra nmmunihlc nsw-uiiiUgi- 
of the Prim-ex of tlie rvigniug bnun-. which 
look |d«n- on lira day or tlra fuocnl uf lira 
ill fa!cil Kronprinz Kuril 

Archduke John is the youngest son nf tlra 
Grain) Duke i>-n|MiM 11. of Tit*caiiy,antl wn« 
hom iu IKVJ ut FImiv-imv, which in Iboae day* 
wa* lira i-npitnl of hi* father's .sovereignty. 
Kt-vcn year* Inter Ira iurtiiiipoiikd his pamils 
id their precipitate flight to Vienna, and Was 
old enough tu nlMc-rte nnd lo reuramlHT the 
grief with which hi* father witnessed the in. 
<vir|><)ration of hi, iloiuiuimi* in rlra kltigih-in 
of Sanlhd.-i. and the contbrnilun by Victor 
Ktnmnnurl of the priceh-tw art ttewsiiii'* emi 
laillnl in lii.s su|ierb Pilli Pnlticc Hlltl TfU|t/.i 
Galh rita on the iMliks of the Arno. It ii 
worthy of note that although thirty Team 
lieVi- ■ liqiNisj stills: then, lira *«'i/iirc of the 
Grand lluehy lra« twver been rraoptizal up 
till now by lira imperial government. Fur 
liiUwilliHltiriiling Hu- intimate relation* whirh 
have l«s/n l.roughl about iRtween Auslrin 
and Duly by the triple allinnri-. tlra dispro 
st'Hst'il ruler, Leopold II , muitinunl to Is- 
rvrogniwd nt the itiiiH of Vienna as the 
reigning sovereign of Tuscany uuHl the day 
itf Ilia death, in isTO, wln-n hi* eldest arm, the 
hrother of Archdnlie .luhii.waa recoguin-d in 
a similar manner n* Ids *um«Aor under lira 
style of Grand Duke Fi'iilinuuil IV. of Tn* 
eun.v It l* a* such Hint lie IK’Utes even lu 
this iliy at rdl court and oflh ial cerctupnici 
In Au*irhi. 

Hi* younger brollier*. Including Prince 
■Tohlt. who rank iis Imperial Gigli in os-* nnd 
n* Aieluiuke* liy reason of lira membership of 
the llou«- of lfn|)*hurg. have all three ms-ii 
active verv lei- in the Auslrinn array, t liarh*. 
llw eldest of the Hide*, is lira father of young 
Francis Hid valor, who m-nried the Emperor's 
faVurileilniiL'Iiler. Marie Valerie. 1**1 summer. 
Louis, who comes tM-xt in point of uge, re- 
Kemble* hi* younger 1. ratio r Joint lu hi* in 
tense aversion lo lira tnuuinrl* and restraint'* 
■if ofltcUl lift- xml iNvurtellquellc iu AnHrt-i 
Many yiwra have paved nway hIim-c In: bn* 
Irani seen nt Vienna. He livraahnnat all lira 
year round lu n fairy like clifilenu which he 
lui* built for hiiUM-lf in lira l-laixl of Mnj-,- 
ca. Where Ira wa* rpeenUy visited lur Empret* 
Fliratipth. PaMuonatt'ly fond uf yarlitiDg 
nnd nn H<*-oinpli*hnl uavlgntur. it 1* report- 
ed that he i» nlaiut In undertake a long troy 
nge around tlra coast of Patagoiiin anil aincmg 
llu- islnu.D of lira noothrrn INieltle, for lira 
tinl'|a>M'iif fCekiug trace* of hi* brother. The 
F.ni|s-n<r lias phicerl tar of the governnrari 
eruiM.-rs nt ht» dispoial for the pitriiora. and 
In 1 t“ expectral to sail from Trieste fur South 
A iiravirau water* within Hie iraxt few days. It 
is probable Hint in lira course of his explora- 
tion Ira may hatch at the bland uf Juan Fer- 
Ivarnir/.. <>aee Inhabited hy Kobilooti Crusoe, 
nnd now tenanted by n funner Austrian nf 
Beer. Itiiron von Ibslih, who, after faring 
furred by the tirril-le won ml* which he re 
ceivcd nt lira I utile of tWown in le»‘4l to 
have tin- army . grew tired uf lira monuinny 
of exigence in r ivilired Europe, and deter- 
tiiiiMsI to devote Ids fori him- lo a life of nd 
Venture. For fifteen ynirs |n »»1 lie inis been 
living nn tlu- island of Jtiuii Fcntatidr/ w lHi 
m small eoliHiv of imiivr* ntul of EurupcM* 
dwfton friMti civUiuulon, and only runi 
tmtuirating with the world once a r«r. w Iran 
In' semi* Id* Bui- laiiing xiu'lit to Valparaiso 
for provisions and nuppHe*. Il I* not allo- 
getlrariniposMblc that if the Arelotuke I.utiD 
visits the island he may find his missing lire 
liter Joliu living there *w lilt Huron de Kodlb. 
for I ennnot hrlp thiuking that he bad some 
si heme of the kind iu view wfu-u lu- W rote to 
*i friend. Just before Killing from l*v Plata, 
that ninny, many mouth* would puss before 
ll« Would 1a; heard of ngnin. Meanwhile III* 
disqipcflrqrir-e wilt reiitiiln ;■• rontRItllc nil 
would Ira hi* discovery on come lonely island. 
Indeed, it I* lira only c.i«c in tlra history of 
lira world where the -dull of <uu- of tlie great 
reigning house* ha* *o v.’iniibt'd wiliiuut 
letiung auy trace. 


33 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV. , SO. ITT? 







city I could match with one in every trs-pegt remove the bay reed 
burnt ir In the city the janitor U-cutaM from our hair, and 
enamored of and purloins your cotd; tu tbu Introduce u» once, 
country a nun will come without no much more to the n-riniV 
in a letter of introduction, and help himself Njuenti of civil irnut sn 
to your n t 1 "* Wml M** p“»'li»*= Vtr Min Ml P„>king 

While thinklneof many nttr arguments 'nut of the hack w in- 
to justify my new move, and while wonder dot* across the snow 
lug how • man with the refined songful soul dad field*. A* the 
of II. Finer us could liarc contented him- ooly light in Use room 


Proat Cater rige.jer lltw.ssrh UiMtlioau <1 :$ 

Rv-k ‘■'•net he 1 , l«r line, eaclt luserllow I 

v..«-5 Curer i*> hue. u«eh LasotMi ... I rj 
Tlilnl Cihot !*«••. i«- lllir.tntb luremmi.. .. I in 
!»!*<-»; Hauling Niilke*. per Itur. <vic* Inrertiun f 00 


DARTER k BROTHER?, New You*. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


XiX. 

T HAD but a week longer to linger in the 
1 I hive's Nest At Hie expiration of that 
time 1 would have to lake «t Inga unto myself 
mid fly Isu’k to the list, which. In euntradts 
tinrtiun to Dove’s Nest, we railed, but not 
sarcastically, a set of pigeon-hole*. 

Even as enthusiastically as we had looked 
forward to liie country, we now looked for- 
ward to the city, and w’bcn wo were not look- 
ing forward to it. we were looking backward 
ut it. and longing for the time when we should 
renew its acquaintance. From the picture of 


tile c 

to that of the condensed milk man driving up 
to the door and delivering unto us nnv quau- 
tity desired, while the dealer hail tbe con- 
densed cows to liMik after in health, and to 
can* for In sickness. 

When I refierted on the Inimp to Cran- 
berry Content to catch the train, which, if I 
missed, I could not catch until the morrow, 
it seemed n real luxury to I* half a pared, 
lighted block from tlw •* L “ road with Midi 
a goodly service. 

It seemed actually M ranee to me that my 
views Should change so; that I could see ‘o 
much cui*l where I once could sets only evil; 
that I could note so manr drawback* In a 
region which I at one time had ngnr.h-d only 
as an eattlily paradise. Every trick in the 


self on a farm, even on the classical Tilwr. 
Phillnda announced that she biul commenced 
(lie parking, and commanded me to stop 
dreaming iny dreams about burying cul> 

. bags* and unearthing 
turnip* for the winter, 
and come to her u- 
sisUnrr Till* flat I 
rra|au'ted with alac- 
rity. not bccaure pack 
ing for a move is one 
of my several weak 
Di-sses. lint Iiecausc I 
did not want a n- peti- 
tion of ber last unaid- 
ed effort in the same 
direction. 1 will nut 
make more titan a pass- 
ing comment ou tbe 
same, trusting that tlmt 
may account fur my 
ready response to the 
summons to lend a 
band And that puss 
ing comment is to the 
effect that she parked 
too omnivomukly, if 
1 may no put it, to 
agree with my Ideas of 
what consistent park- 
ing should la-. I do 
not pretend to boast a 
knowledge of tbe deep- 
er mysteries of thin art, 
nor to | sinless even a witw-rflcinl notion of ita 
requirements, yet I feci (but I was not un 
reasonnhle upon the occasion of our arrival 
at Dove's N«*t when I spoke disparagingly 
of the bump of order of tlic fair packer, who 
had Indbcrtmionlelv mixed tin ware, crock 
cry. clothing, and food, when I discovered 
that a unit codfish was rnrnmpasocd by my 
dress-coat, awl that my silk but was rudely 
form! out of shape hv having had a ham 
furred into it. 

Tlmt night, when wo sat before the blar- 
ing logs, we felt happy in every scn*c of the 
word. We hail tried an experiment with 
out realising a long cherished drenm. But 
we felt tlmt our extierienre would tend ta 
make us hetirr satisfied with our lews roomy 
quart era iu the city. Wc luul a lung list of 
things wc iulcnded do 
ing on our return, es- 
pecially in the wny of 
amuseiiients calculated, 
figuratively sptuk ing to 


ilcnil white, v 
very distinct 
white house 
could Wit he a 
Nearer and 
identify him aa our n 
worker by Ills great i 
He never paused in 
ed the room w here \ 
tbe dreary field*. 


was llud of the spilt- 
tcring logs, we could 
see far into tbe whit- 
-i I - 1 1 - 1 - ' - i ' i - 
was a dreary sweet- 
ness about It (hat gave 
me a pong of regret 
at leaving, despite tbe 
fact that I had never 
known real suffer 
mg before occupying 
Dove'* Nest. 

I think Pbilluda fell 
the same, for she utter- 
ed not a word until she 
broke tbe silence with. 
" Who’* that roming 
oTi-r the hill so fast?’' 
I looked, and «w a 
man running ut full 
in I lie direction 
house. It wns 
a misty night, 
was snowing, 
very-tiling was 
* man s figure 
itanre. while a 
down Hie rood 

r. until I could 
tw wage or rather board 
ham of red whiskers, 
hi* High! until he reach- 
re were looking out on 


chasing the forelog* and head of another 
black cow. That no matter how fart or 
how stow the forelegs travelled, the Irindo 
members would always remain at the same 
distance. When line bend would toss iliwlf 
in tbe air. a* though maddened by tic* pair >t 
not lieing aide to eacnpe, the tail would whip 
the air in precisely the same frenried gpiilt. 
And n* frantic a* the brad Iwcnme txcuiiw- it 
Could not throw the hinder leg* off tlie trull. 
Ju*t n* frantic would the tail la-come Isecaiisc 
of Hie inabilily of the hinder member* to 
capture the head. When be left he said tlw-jr 
wm- standing perfectly Hill, neither being 
aide to gain on tbe oilier. 

•’ Wm that story all to gain a rest by the 
fire wl-en you ilioutd be carrying in wood!** 
I asked. 

lie not only denied tlut this was his mo- 
tile, hut insisted on my going with biin to 
s*r tlmt be was Dot fabricating. On my re- 
turn I had to laugh until I was helpless. 

" What was It?’ asked Phillnda. 

"Van Sickle* Holstcin-Frisian cow,” I 
replied. " The surroundings were so while 
and snowy (hat Ik- could distinctly sec her 
black head, leg*, and tail, but could not di»- 
cem (he broad white hand about ber body at 
oil." R. K Mcnkittrick. 


SOMETHING FOR THE NEW YEAR. 

Tar wntlil-reiKiwnn! Ml cress d HnitMlri’s Mudlark 
Biticrs, an -1 ihelr ruinloaed j»'-,-*lsnlr r->c ores • 
third id * crwlsrj ■ sMmscblt, M Karcrljr more 
w akrtal thin tbe welnune tlmt [n»i- the *u*n*l 
*p|xnrsnce ot llnslrtler's Almanv-. Ttis ratnsh 


BROWN* llOl’SRmi|.H t-ANM-RA, 

"TUB OltKAT TAIN KKLIKYKR." cum* 

J Oraiaps, oillr. mills : all |>»ins. *ScU. * 1 


I will BOt attempt to give bis wools, but y T*S Br*’ ' 
will simply any Hml lie w*» in n slate of fright » rereflag* cutnta, 
bordering oil madness. Just overthe hill ho 
said ho saw the binder leg* of a black cow 


THE CLEANSING 


BY a T 


h the world grows oilier U becomes lingsgnte, denounce that city an tbe must Illy 
not only moM'Uiui nf new prob- cleaned city of the country, ami therefore of 
lento which It has to solve, but It the civilized world. Then a Chicago journal 
becomes more keenly conscious will echo the self accusing cry. ami lash its 
of the importance of old ones own community with the some indictment, 
which It has only imperfectly met Among Again Philadelphia or St. IxmiI* newspapers 
these are the questions involved in municipal will o*c the ocourge with pious Zen), Just as 
government. ThU differs front uatlotral guv- a inediaval monk was wont to scarify hi* 
eminent in that the object* to which il ad- Imre lack when a specially holy euthusiauin 
dresses itself are much inure direct and pmc- slipped the lejudi. Between such cries of 
tleal. They come home closely to * man s " peocavl " Il is difficult to make a choice, 
heart and beartb stoue, to his daily health It is wife to conclude that all these rival* for 
and comfort, and they closely affect the iur- the pulm of uuclcanlineia ure vile enough, and 
roundings made up of a multiplicity of little much worse Hum they ought to he. 
things in which, alter all, his happiness con- On the whole, as New York is the biggest 
sista. Yet, strange to My. the average Amur- iu everything, else, both for good and evil. It 
iron is vastly more interested in the tariff is- is fairly nit to conclude, tor the purpOM* 
sue or th* ' ' Force Bill " than bu permit* him of this article, that she easily lurpaams her 
self to la?, for example, in ademmte methods would- bo competitors in dirt, tlhe certainly 
for keeping such cities as New York. Boston, has the largest foreign population among the 
and Chicago iu a dean and healthy condition- cities of the land. This fact alone suffices 
It is out necroiury to cuter into any ar- to insure prominence for fllthv streets and 

K liment as to tbe Cause* of tills. It cuntioi tenement limine* reeking with' stench tuid 
b denied, however, that concurrently with grimy with "mailer out of place. 4 ' The 
great increase of theoretic discussion as to writer of lliis article wa* recrntly driven 
right* and duties involved in city govern- through the Italian quarter by a city official 
moot, there remain the amc fatal listless- on a tour of inspection. Tiic Itafiun IH'O- 
ne»s und Indifference in backing up ami ca not who iu the United Htatm hhuaoms into 
forcing statutes for die itenefit of the ritiwn, tlir organ-grinder, the rng-plcker. and the 
on the part of the citizen klmaelf. Low. uo railway navvy is probably the dirtiest ho- 
le** it is made vital by energy of public sen- man animal extant this aide tbe Australian 
Unseat, is not worth a Dilip. In the United bush, lie is tbe intensive term in the scale 
States It seem* to be true that tbe larger the of values. A city lllk-d with such denizens, 
city the less that enthusiasm which we rnll and tlirir nearest rivals, Hinwian or Polish 
public spirit. Tbe easy going good nature of Jew* or Bohemians, oauld onlv be properly 
the American, poronuMeruv the New Yorker, cleansed a* Hercules! cleansed the Augean 
in the endurance of nuisances which have stables. or as Carlyle proposed to cure the 
finally grown to be chartered abuse* is no- evil* of Ireland by burying it deep under the 
lorioiu. We laugh at tbe incesaant grunt- Atlantic. Who can adequately plnklograpb 
tiling amt self-assertion of the Englishman. Mulberry Street, the w oes of 'w hich, from 
Yet it i* to that very spirit, rxlious n* it may the strect-cb-aning point of view, if more etc- 
sometimes be, that the American owes, when tended would soon turn gray the hair of any 
be go«* to London, that order and smartnen* commiwUiBerT 

iu public aimed* which he is accustomed to This district is a* picturesque n* it is foul 
do without in bU own dearly beloved. Imdly and unhealthy The day iietore it wus sreti 
governed, and slovenly metropolis. News- by tbe writer It bad been fluslted with water, 
papers. to be sure, keep up an intermittent and thoroughly scrubbed with the sweeping 
IimIIwIc on the subject when necessary to machine. Twenty-four hour* bad again made 
find material for thrir editorial or news col- it a liumao pigpen. The pavement wits cuv- 
umttt. but frequently with a* much inlelli- ered with u thick coating of wlml M-emed 
genre a* in the ruse of dogs baying at the grease A profuse litter of orange and be- 
moan. The fact i*. there Is abundance of nans peel, withered cabbage leaves, vrge- 
l*w wherewith to smite public nuisances hip tables in different stages of decomposition, 
and thigh; but uo complainant ever seems to unil various garbage was scattered over the 
eometotbe fore, except some sporadic polioe- street The intense beat of the day had 
man. inspired, hr knows not why, with a emptied the teuemeuts, and the population 
sudden ami inexplicable frenzy of teal. Thu lilted the sidewalk on full parade, largely in 
average citizen, nrciistnmrd io endure nui- uniform similar to that of the Georgia major 
sauces as a humpback carries his deformity, —a collar and a pair of spurs. Nearly all 
saunter* along sublimely indifferent to foul tbe multitudinous liable* were Baked, ami 
smells, obstructed sidewalks, filthy streets, tbe mothers, almost nude, suckled their 
etc. "Oh." he says to himself, ''this Is the young with the unconcern of the bitch feed, 
bstsinc** of the police. I can't w aste my time ing a litter of puppies. A barricado of hand- 
mu king complaints, and taking tbe chance of cutis ou either side made the street a narrow 
going to court a* prosecuting witness. Growl- strait, and swarthy men lounged about stuok- 
ing doc* not put one penny into my pocket." ing lazy pipes, while brown monkeys of sol- 
Tbe iierchaut. intent on Mctllf M office. emu and weazened face, hoik tug much akin 
care* not a whit if some handcart vender U> their master*, wandered about much at 
empties u load of rotten fruit or vegetables home In tlm chattering crowd. Could some 
into tbo public thoroughfare, or a liouMi-maid of the babira have been well scrubbed, they 
discharges a puilful of slop or gar luge under would have been as beautiful us cupids. hut 
his very BOM Wealthy shopkeeper! permit the stones themselves were not dirtier than 
their clerks and [wrier* uj sweep a day's ac- the skins of men, women, and children, whiwo 
cumulation of litter and dirt into tbe street olive huh made doubly and deeply lawny, 
gutter, which is straightway blown about The disreputable shops swarmed with miil- 
Ihe street uud added to the burden of (lie ions of flies, and the doorways and rosr- 
st reel-cleaning burden. It i* owing to th« menu of every bouse were stained almost to 
utter limpness of public feeling that muni ink with the accretion of smut and pollution 
cl pal action I* not more efficient No stream coining from foul bodies, foul air, and foul 
can rise htgltcr Ilian the level of its source, insert*. Tlio stenches of the stroet could 
When tbe citizen la forced by wo*e of duty not have been sweetened by all the spice* of 
to become an amateur [lolieeman, mid looks Arnby the Blest. It is a wide range from 
stringently utter bis interest* as involved In the belter parts of Fifth and Maduon uv- 
tbe enforcement of law. thru and not till c-uues to Mulla-rry Street, the Ghetto of New 
then, will ability, conscience, aud vigilance York, hut the average condition off the line* 
•how themselves in civic- administration, of tbe great thoroughfare*, one fears, is, in 
Till* i* the great evil of all for the public warm weather, more approximate to the 1*1- 
prcsN to attack, and uisuull on detail* Is like ter than to the former extreme, 
hew ing *t the tranche* instead of the root. An examination into the method* of street- 
Notliiug is more essenliul to individual cleaning used in the three representative ciUcs 
health than bathing. The removal of dirt nf modern civilization— London, Faria, and 
and filth from a great city 1* just as emeiiiial New York— the condition* which embarrass 
as the cleansing of the pore* of a mat)'* skin, the problem, uud the comparative result* ob- 
ln f*-w citinst U this adequately accomnlbhed. tallied, will perhaps throw some light ou the 
Paris and London per hup* reaching the Ideal question which is now perplexing all our 
among the world's great capitals more ntwrlv largo centre* of population, 
than in other cases. According to the (cult- It is only within the lust century that the 
runny of foreigner* and American* alike, the value of systematic street-cleaning has mode 
leading cities of Uii* eouuiry du not compute itself felt a* a need of civic adntinlMretion. 
favorably ill street cleaning methods and re- The Homans, moat practical of llie ancient 
Hulls with the corresponding citie* in France. pcnpU*. though great aqueduct and road 
England, and Germany. In Holland, Bel builder*, seem to have cam! but little for 
giutu. ami Sweden civic deanliman is ear clean lino** In the city highways, though 
rind to a higher degree than iu any other nominally this was a part of the duties of 
part of Europe, but the cities are very the sdlwt. Those most frequented by the 
much smaller iu extent and population, sod patrician r losses were, to some extent, purged 
the problems to be met are less difikult to by servile labor, but there sei-mod to tic no 
solve. Neither are there large foreign col- keen sense of the connection between scav- 
onirs, with alien aud un*y mpathctlc habit*, eugering the public ways sod sanitation, 
to complicate the problem of kreping a city Juvenal, in one of Ids satire*, make* hitter 
clean. In European cities, too, an Intelligent complain! of Use condition of the streets. and 
f«>ari*iu I* sometimes possible in directing tell* u* that it wa* only less filthy than the 
municipal affairs, which under an American morals of Urn Roman ladies. Tlie medieval 
system cannot exist. citle* of Europe fairly reekrel and stank with 

In tb>« country it is not easy to decide an indescribable accumulation of everything 
which of the great elites in the uio«t filthy, that was uaslv. if we can trust tlu< somewhat 
All of them dnim thU uuaavonr pro eminence »roni cult tem porary records lieariog ou tbe 
from time in time. Now and then the puls subject. Tlu; plagitc* and pestilences which 
lie prints of New York will, willi furious so often ravaged European eilles found govsl 
energy and grvat affluence of polished BU- feeding-ground; and Slackiavelll, in his nc- 


F GREAT CITIES. 


FERRIS. 


count of the great Florentine plague, the the rolled mirth In the form of irregular 
Black Death, alludes to the foul cuudltiim stone* from six to night Inches in size, Vnrc- 
of the streets. IVpys and Evelyn, who give fully pioexd In position and forming a rough 
such a vivid account of the England of pavement, on which the macadam metal I* 
C'harle* II.. often refer to the noisome accu- placed. If the Telford foundation is not 
miilalicms of the London highway*; and used, the metal is pl*«d directly on the earth. 
Daniel lie Foe, iu hi* Jour/uit of the Ptoyne In a uniform layer not exceeding six inches 
o/ltVW,” one of tbe most graphic and realistic in depth. This is then thoroughly compact 
of narrative*, call* attention to Hie same thing ed by rolling with a heavy roller for sevcml 
a* one rouse connected with tire* ravage of hmire. until tbe metal will not yield under 
the pestilence. the roller. Another layer of broken stone 

The other branch of the purgation of citlei of the same depth 1* then placed ou the first 
—a system of *cwer* — ha* engaged the alien and compacted in the same manner Fhiailv 
liou of government* from an early date in a layer of from one to two Inches in depth of 
civilization. Tlic mo«t ancient citle* of the very fine broken stoue or gravel, not exceeil- 
wurld have sliuwn us in their ruin* the re- ing three-fourth* of an inch in largest dimen- 
mainsofsewersonAuiagiilOceutscale. The sion*. is spread on the surface, aud this in 
CVouofs of Home, originally plaiinrel in Uie turn i* cumnacind hy roiling. The mad is 
early days of tlte republic, lasted through then ready for uao. " What m often callrd a 
imperial time*, und the great wwer the macadam road is partly made on the Telford 
Vtvoen Jduriwn still remains in part nnd on- system. The street pavements of I.nitdou 
*wcih it* function, so massive 'and perfect and Pari* arc still to some extent built on 
w as it* structure. Farit sewer* were planned the Macatlam or TrewsguelTelfurd method*, 
a* early a* (lie fourteenth century, though it or a corn lunation of them Iu the prorinclui 
was not till liut rarly jwrt of llm pr«»cni citle* of both Eiiro[a> and America they are 
century that the system, by order of tin; first widely used, but the tendency everywhere la 
Napoleon, wa* reconstructed into one of to substitute a more durable and outig rl*<ut- 
WOrld wide repute. txl pavement, specially where there is heavy 

It is *<>mew hat singular that offensive ac- traffic. Yet It may Ik justly claimed that all 
cumulations altovc-ground should not Itavo good city paving today is the logical out- 
Impt eased public or official attention u* dan- come of the general principles laid down by 
germ** to lu-allh n» well a* repulsive to the Telford ami Macadam, 
senses till u cumparativclr rrcc-nt period, III great citle* tl*u problem of cfflcieul and 
tlKaigh the priority of interest In the subject economical cleansing nnw neeetnarily enter 
of sewerage is not a fact difficult to explain, into the pros aud row* of puving methods. 
One tan readily understand, however, that Aside from greater durability, ease of Irac- 
street-c lean inx was not very practicable ou a lion, awl economy of maintenance, granite 
large scale till an adequate system of street- blocks, asphalt, and woi.alen block* have 
paving came into vogue. This was tbe hinge proved to lx- most deurublc for ends of 
on which the whole problem turned. cleuuliouw. All three of I brae method* aru 

It la perfectly true thut the paving of city u*etl in Paris, the preference, however. iHiitig 
streets u nothing new. Hcicntiflc rood nwk- Riven to a*[ihaJt wherever practicable. In 
ing was practised very succeiofully hy the London, while granite block pavement* are 
Homan*. tliu«o [st*t maatera of alt the prac- common, asphalt and wood are very fre- 
ticul arts. Aside from llie magnificent mad* qucutly the [taring material. Iu New' York 
hudt with mihlary and [mllllcal ends In view, the uapiiuli ex[ierimenl has been and is Uiug 
such as the Appiau Way. the Via Domitiana. made, but somewhat uusatilfactorily. Thu 
nud lire great lilghways the remuius of w hich granite block pavement is untriy universal, 
are stilt found in France, England, and Oer- and it is hardly worth while to consider any 
many, lire street* of the Latin cities were otlrer in It* relation la the street cleaning 
more or lc»* paved. Lava block pavement* problem. 

with ruts worn by chariot wheel* ore mill to Tbe advantage* on tbo side of cleanlineaa 
la; seen in Hereulaneum and Pompeii. The are all on the side of asphalt. Its unbroken 
iiu[H)rlant street* of Rome were thoroughly water proof surface afloids broom ami aw«* p- 
pavod 00 the same system which governed ing machine the best [Mmsiblc opportunity 
all their road-building. Over several courvsi for effective work. Block pavement*, either 
of broken stone anil rubble cemented with storm or wood. are. on the tuber hand, every - 
lime were laid large polygonal or rectangular where broken with Joint*. Here are twin- 
blix-ks of stone, the edge* of which were fit- ually gathered hone dropping*, urinr. iliit. 
toil with the greatest nicety. Tlreugli such and all manner of street filth, auil the Joints 
mutter* [sowed into ilecarlcnce during tbe *he la-** cm never be perfectly ch-ancd. 
Middle Ages, the paving of cities wav irreg- This evil is aggravated tenfold by crimlnn] 
tilnrly carried on. Cordova wa* pared under carelesanr* of method in laying and mala. 
the Moorish regime, a few Ru»iun slnreU taiulug the stone pavement* of New York, 
were paved in toe latter part of the twelfth Perhaps this reproach lie*, indeed, lather 
century, and London, by tlte middle of tbo with lbs latter than with the fonm-r It 
sixteenth century, hud many of its principal may be Mnsumed that the Public Works Ui- 
wuy* ntdelv cobbled. But tlte attempt* w ere reau insure* through its tn»|iecloni.wli<i may 
so carelessly and siMMnodically enrried out, bo supposed to lie superior to petty briberv, 
and eo unskilfully oerigtwd, that the effect ta a reasonable drgrtc of Ihorougluic** on the 
decreasing the foul condition of ciilc* was part of tbe contractor* to whom street [laving 
but trifling. i* lot on tlw principle at the lowest bid, 

It wa* not till the early day* of tbs pre- which is not alwuys round economy, 
sent century that systematic and careful When, however, we look at the question of 

paring of city street* on a great ~cale began maintenance, it i* not needful to ansume or 
to lie practised. Tresaguet, in Pmu«e, who take things for granted. Auy one w ho u* a 
labored about a hundred yean agu. uud hi* eyewght can reach only one conclusion, 
nvodifled ancient Ihmum metlvml* to fulfil The pavement after some yeurs hccomr* full 
lnixleru needs, aud, a quarter of a century of rut* and holes, resembling a hones -comb, 
or m after, Telford and M *< adults, In Kng- but not full of honey. These, instead of be- 
Innd, were the reformer* who presaged all log constantly repaired, ate fur the most 
Improvement lit this direction, and hud civ- part ignored Thu Board of Public Works 
ilizatinn tinder a permanent del* At the disdain* patchwork. When we add to tht* 
risk of treiichlug slightly on ground so ml- the constant tearing up of the pavement hy 
mirsbly covered by Capuiti Francis V. private corporation*, to whom permit* are so 
Greene, of the United Slates Engineer Corps, recklessly grunted, aud tlirir audacious care- 
in his article on " Rood* and Road nmklng," lesaowa of reconatructiou. which scent* to la- 
in Haui'KIi * VYmu of August 10, 11441, a superior to restraint* of inspection, we muv 
brief review seems iieolful. ill view of Uie conclude tiiat the malnteuanis- of pavcimul 
essential coDBOCtinn between paring meth- In New York is about a* had a* powtibli- 
o<U and street cleaning. Both Tresaguet and How any street cleaning machi in ry can keep 
Telford unxl tlw *y*tcm of laying heavy such thoroughfare* clean Is difficult to *cc 
stone* at the Ixitlom of the road-bed, and A good pavement uccds ui<-e*uaii( watchful - 
covering them with a coating of broken maw after it i* laid. In Loudon. Pari*. Bet 
stone*. The foundation consisted of atono tin, and uther European cities tills vigilance 
hliK'k* no au arched bed. The road metal, of repair i* always exorcised nt I<*m mi the 
n* the filling 1* technically called, consisted important tborougUfiirea of busioe** and 
nt stone* not more than two indie* ami a half pleasure. It I* a well known fact, also, that 
In diameter. Macadam denied tb»t the Tel- dirt io large quantity work* up through the 
ford foundation wa* neeenMuy to good drain- crevices of the blocks from the road l«.d uti 
age. and used a crust of angular broken stone U*a the greatest care is taken iu making and 
of nearly uniform size, arid weighing about maintaining llie [lavement. It is safe to as- 
alx ounces, which were laid directly ou the ntnic Unit among the difficulties of Ntivvt 
ground even in marshy *[*►!». There still cleaning in the cities of this country as cooi- 
conlinucs to be a divided judgment among pareil wlllt those of Europe, hud paving 
engineers as to the merit of llie two merit- method* cooalituUi not the least formiduhk' 
od*. Captain Gn«na briefly sumtnurizea the llnpcdlinrtil. 

present application of the two methods to Street cleaning In the mctrxi|Kili* of Loti 
road paving: «lo*i bus bewu the subject of study and caper 

' ' MaciuUm roods are now every* here coo- intent by the ablest English engineers, and. 
Mructed on substantially the awno principle*, on the whole, willi cxcellnit result*, partly 
The ground i» first cleared and levelled of the due, perbH[*, to good adniiniatrathiu utterly 
prescribed width, and. Sf twoMMiy, excavated divorced from that lone of American munic 
to the depth of the rood covering. All mol* {pal life, politico Tlte metropolis U divided 
of tretss. and soft and spongy spaces not afford into various parishes or vestrios, of which lire 
ing a firm lienring. are removed, and ilteir city of London i* tlte chief. Bo thaw is hy 
place* filled with gixid gravel or broken stone, no means uniformity of method, though Use 
Til* surface Is then rollivl with a heavy roll- tendency is more aud more in ibi* direction, 
er in artier thoroughly to compact it. If the The cleansing of London City belongs to 
Telford fouudatloa is used, it is placed on Ihc department of the Commissioner* of Sew 



34 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


(n Tlie boad-quartere of operations b at 
Lett's Wharf, ou the hi with Ixsuk of the 
Thurnes, just east of Waterloo Bridge. Thin 
is the great receptacle for lUe sweepings and 
refuse or the city. uud lrerc it on elaborate 
phot, Including the most approved appli- 
ance* for gathering ami dialing with the 
waste noil tilth of the great net work of 
streets. The force employed consist* of 
•hot 1 1 300 men. women, and children. There 
are 80 borne*. 70 dust van* and water-carts. 
I«r*ide* earl* for tins removal of disc-nred 
meat, ilcsd animal*. etc. The variety of 
briKini*. hand ami median leal, scrapers sque- 
geea, and Other frnds suited to all went hers 
and street eoudilious i* nearly endless. The 
night brigade begin* Uie work which cannot 
lie done in the daytime at eight o'clock. 
Hi* hours luler the vanguard of the day 
section commence* the washing and sweep 
ing of the twelve mites of main thorough- 
fare. At Saw the regular day work be- 
gin*, during which all tlie carriageways of 
the city have to bo swept nt least once, in 
addition to being strewn w ith sand or gravel 
The cart* for the removal of sweepings ami 
boo tie dirt leave Lett's Wharf ut ft a m.. iiud 
at 7.W the lioy*. who are the skirmisher* of 
the great street cleaning army. divided into 
four companies under the charge of inspect- 
ors, scatter over the four di«rrict» of the city. 
AH *trocl sprinkling i* done by the regular 
city force, aud i» regulated to ni<ct the exact 
needs of tlie work. It i* regulated on the 
principle of aiding to remove dirt, not of 
making irremovable mud. n* i* the effect 
for tire most jmrt of street watering io New 
York. Streets are also washed down from 
the hydrant* wlicncvcr necessary. In brief, 
the application of water as a feature of strect- 
clcauing is mnde on n nciemitlc method. 

From fl to 9 a. m. the whole energy of the 
force is employed. After tbl* the night bri- 
gade retires, ami the work gradually relax- 
es, for It has been principally achieved. At 
4 p.JI. the tnnn and rnrts are ill liooic, mid nn 
hour later the buys are buck in Houndsdllcli. 
That London City, the cleanest purl of the 
metropolis, attain* this distinction is largely 
owing to tlw work of the hoy*, tlie street or- 
derlies. Tlir»e lad*, who number alrout 130. 
armed with baud brush and scoop peculiar- 
ly devised for the purpose, durt everywhere 
in and out through the press of hoist* and 
vehicle*. The duty of each is to remove 
terry particle of dirt, especially hone drop- 

t ags, in the area assigned to him before it lias 
ca ground by a wheel. Bins at the street 
curb receive the gathering* It mny In? fan- 
cied that the duly of the street orderly i* no 
sinecure, aud the marvel Is that these human 
monkeys, agile a* they are do not oftener re- 
ceive scriou* hurt. They do their work mist 
effectually, noil the operation of the system 
L such as to make it valuable for general 
imitation. What can bo done in tbl* way 
the New-Yorker may *ce in the private enter- 
prise of shop-keepers on Broadway between 
kerrnleeutli and Twenty-third streets, who 
employ street orderlies to keep the thor- 
oughfare free from munurv and litter. Not 
only more important streets, but minor ones, 
courts, and alleys ure looked after by the or- 
derly boys. Those hoy*. «* they reach man- 
IiikhV aru promoted to positions In tlie dust 
yard, or on the destructor, or become Lronm 
m< it, van drivers, or even petty officials: and 
when ibey ullaiu old age, after faithful ser- 
vice, they are pension"!. They are lodged 
and fcl by tlie c-U.v. at tbo expense of a cer- 
tain deduction made from tlicir wages. 

Variation in nietliod.of course, has tu be ap- 
plied to cleaning pavement according a* it r* 
block or asphalt. Difference in weather, too, 
causes difference In tool*. Ttic sqiregcc, for 
example, whii'h is u slip of lniiiu rubln r set 
in a slide mid provided with a long handle. is 
most effective in cleaning slupnml mud. wip- 
ing pavement as clc-.sn n» » towel would. This 
instrument l» invaluable in waablng asphalt, 
(treat care has tu be lukeu during winter as 
In how the asphalt pavement is cleaned. A 
little too much water would leave a Him of 
ice, and the result would Ire dangerous. Ev- 
ery branch of the work is dune under the 
charge of an iuspeefor or foreman, The b* 
minder at Lett 's Wharf ts anxiously watched 
evening and murniag. ami its prophecy de- 
termine* largely the work of the next twelve 
hi. in- The’ i ••ll«-c-iion and removal of boon 
refuse and office rubbish are effected before 
eight o'clock in the morning. The total 
quail til v of refuse from the City delivered at 
Lett's Wharf increased from 50.1154 tons in 
1871, to 81,209 tons In 1880: and ft was esti- 
mated thill the amount last year <1W9 i w»* 
about 85,000 lons.earh Laid being estimated at 
shout a ton hi weight The mliu uf home, 
trade and market refuse to street sweepings 
was JW.UCI0 tons to 27.000 ton*. 

The great muss of accmnulated rubbish Is 
sorted in the dust yard. About seventy *«■ 
men are employed in this work. Standing 
In the midst of fine dust piled up to their 
waists, with face ami upper extremities be- 
grimed with refuse, they breathe the warm, 
foul, stenrli laden air flora early to late. The 
fit, t » legation uf maleriul is through largo 

circular sieve*, wlik-li divide it into finr <lu*t 
and the coarser elements. Of the latter, all 
the articles which have a commercial value — 
such ns unhurried cool and clinker*, bottles, 
old metal, emc kcry paper, corks. bones.rags, 
siring, etc.— are sorted itriodUtinntive heap*. 
All this W'Ofk is done under the charge of u 
general contractor, who U paid by tlie com 
niisaioum. ttlMl wlio also lake* the more sab 
able snide* The city re-laius the hreew. soft 
core (garbage, etc.), ami turd core (worn-out 


pots and pan*, hrokcu bottles, aud ctockery, 
etc.). The breeze or dust and the italic* are 
•old to brick milkers; the hard core 1* brukeu 
up and utilized in road-making; the garbage 
is cremated in the destructor with other u*e 
lews material; and the manure gathered by 
the orderlies is sohl to market gardeners and 
farmer*, wIh» remove it at (heir own ex pc tine. 

The dotnirtur is a set of furnaces in 
which all offensive and worthlraa matter is 
burned up. Mr. Fryer. the inventor, de- 
scrilie* it a* a form of furnace designed for 
the reduction by flic of substances that con- 
tain only a small portion of combustible ma- 
terial. The lop is a Hat platform, with an 
opening over rucb cell for the odmUsion of 
mutter to be burnt, w bleb i* directly shot in 
from the cart*. Without entering Into any 
more detailed description, it may be saul 
that the furnaces are fed by a strong air 
blast, and that one of >ix compartment* like 
usual sizej wilt consume 18. ltM tons In lifty- 
two weeks of six working day*. It is claim- 
ed that by mean* of the destructor the re- 
duction of mixed matter is effected to the 
extent of from four fifths to six tenths; so 
that for about six loads of more or lews of- 
fensive matter which had to be previously 
carted or boated away, only one load of de- 
siccated material lion to be handled. 

Yet, with all this care and ingenuity, the 
Huai disposition of refuse in London is a 
very serious problem. A vast amount of it 
—indeed, the greater bulk— U positively un- 
saleable. The brick manufacturers at the 
Medway receive much of It in tbelr barge*, 
which is supposed to be taken bock in bal- 
last. But the Inspector of Fisheries report- 
ed that in IhA? 37,34)0 ton* wore dumped 
into Uie Thames from the barges surrepti- 
tiously by thr*i! country bargemen, aud by 
I-ondon men who were dust contractor* and 
barge owner* combiutd. The gTcni diffi- 
culty in I^mdon is not in the cleaning of 
the at reels. This, ou the whole, aeem* to be 
admirably nrvomplisluri Tire problem Is 
to get riu of the ruhliuli. 

Mr Thomas Codrington. the engineering 
inspector of the local government bourd, 
who was instructed tu report on the dispose 
tran of town refuse Inst year, raid, among 
oilier things: "Town refuse, consisting of 
the content* of nsb pita and dust bin* mur- 
kel and trade refuae, and Ihe sweeping* of 
paved streets, include* materials which. when 
•orted out and separated may yield a small 
return, or can be utilised in some way. But 
this part of the refuse lias, from various 
cause*, lost much of whatever value it for 
morlv laid. and Ore unitary objections to Ore 
handling of an offensive material for Ore sake 
of a small gain are now more generally rec- 
ognized. ft ha« also become mure and’ more 
dilflrult to get rid of that part of refuse which 
i* absolutely worthies*. The practice of fill- 
ing up pit*, quarries, nud hollows with ma- 
teria!* containing offensive and putrcsclble 
matters, aometimes af te rw or d to be built 
on, Is trow properly condemned on sanitary 
grounds, and town authorities, when place* 
for depudl within their own boundaries are 
no longer available, find neighboring author- 
ities more uttd more averse to allow refuse 
to (hi accumulated within their district. Tbo 
disposal of town refuse has thus become al- 
most everywhere a troublesome question.’' 

Tire price* posaible to Ire obtained for *nti- 
"I material, manure, and the animal or vege- 
table churn ml into which the garliage lias 
been sometime* made by Ihe enrbouizer have 
become gradually Inn Tire balance of re- 
ceipt* over expenditure* in Ure city of I<on- 
dott for tho ireainrent and disposition of tow u 
refuae, was reduced from £2366 in 1876 to 
£478 lu 1884. and It Menu front such indica- 
tion* a* can 1st had at the present lint* that it 
is now a Meady Item of expenne. Were Iaju- 
don a* near the aca a* New York or Liver- 
pool, it is probable that city refute would bo 
disposed of in lire same fashion a* In the two 
lattcT tunned cities, with some slight inodifl- 
catioo. 

\Y« have thus far spoken of Ixrndon City, 
which lie* lire beat system and is tlie most 
thoroughly denned section of tlie metropolis, 
The forty’ purMies making up Loudou tire 
great arc all m imaged by local aallioriUcs, 
and there is norite divergence In street clean- 
log admlnislmtinn. Yet all copy in marked 
degree after the City, and u* a sluudard of 
comparison, tho ono already sketched may 
slued fur tire rent. The liiuin difference is 
(hat while London City owns it* own plant, 
ami employs all it* own street-cleaning force 
from highest to lowest, except the sorter* In 
Uie dust yard, oilier parishes are more or lews 
hampered by tire vicious cuntract system. 
The complotonca* of it* plant, uud lire per- 
fect discipline aud ooritrol of the employes 
of the department, arc tire main factor* of 
mjcccaa. The oulv use of contractors, aside 
from tlie disposition of tire content* of tho 
dust yard, is at times of extraordinary presu- 
me. ’There arc a certain number who are 
under bond In furnish a specified number of 
horse* and curt* w Iren called on. Till* need, 
however, rarely occurs, except in case of very 
severe snow stunns. which do not often oc- 
cur In London. All lire annual report* of 
the different parishes show how keenly the 
evil* of tire cuntract system are felt.’ and 
avow the determination to reach the goal of 
ownership in the case of the street cleaning 
plant, and direct employment in the ruse of 
labor, as soon os possible. Buttcrw*. Hump 
Meud, Mile Eod, and Whitechapel use in- 
structors, while otlrer pnrishe* pay contrac- 
tors to do all tlie work of strect-ctauiinf and 
dis]K>*it)on of tire refuse. Again, in some 


cams, tbu local board pays for sweeping and 
collecting, and the carting is done hv con- 
tract. It I* cot needful to enter Into further 
detail*. Our object ha* been served in call 
lug attention, fur future com par Ison, to the 
methods of the Citv of London, which, be- 
fore many yean, will probably dominate lire 
whole metropolis Tlie cost of gathering 
and disposing of it* refuw! to the metropolis 
of London. which uiuv he estimated at 5.300. 
00U population, is about £113(1,4100 a year 
To accomplish It* work it has a park of 1500 
dust and water cart*. 300 mechanical s»ocp- 
rn. a brigade of over 3000 men, anil a fleet 
of 150 barges, aside from wbnt is contributed 
under contract. It is claimed lliat, a* be- 
tween the different parishes, it costs tlie- City 
one-third leu* proportionately to do a vorfc 
which la tuueh inure perfect than in the cone 
of any other part of ure metropolis. 

Tire demising uf Paris was formerly a 
function of the Prefect of Police (ns was 
also Ure fact os to New York), hut is now in 
tlw deportment of tho Prefect of the Seine. 
The staff consist* of two engineer*, one for 
each group of umindisactirculs, one being 
sulNlivlded into three lecti on *, each tinder 
the charge of an executive engineer, and the 
other into live sections, similarly supervised. 
The sectional engineers have under their 
charge 31 MrpariotradruU trad 81 overran*, 
whose employment involves a cost of SftO.OOO 
francs, ‘rhe acavengering plant Is stored at 
a central depat and at four miucr stations, in 
•ueb fulness and variety of equipment a* to 
meet extraordinary arrviec. and tlw engineer 
lug resources of Ibe chiefs who direct tlw 
work are of tlw highest grade. Tire latest 
exact report of Uie work of scarcngrring in 
Paris obtainable by tire writer is for the year 
187S, when a fair estimate of the population 
would give a little more than 2 OOO.tMXI 
This exhibit, however, will sufficiently il- 
lustrate lire French methods, which nave 
changed but little, if any, since that liure. 

The roads of Paris ’ in 1877 included a 
lcugth of 5W i biles, covering 8,618,238 square 
yard*, there luring also 342.782 square yards 
of immelalled roads, and 15.322,(151 yard* 
of foot-path* and Wind alley*. At the vu- 
rious minor depots scattered throughout tho 
city were stored supplies of chlorate of zinc, 
sulphate of zinc, sulphate of iron, carbolic 
aetti, hydrochloric acid, ami uilmbrnxidc ns 
cleansing agent*. Tlwwc were thoroughly 
Used for the disinfecliun of places tainted 
with urine or ftocnl OMUer, cleansing gut 
ter* carrying sewage, and wasliing and wa- 
tering Uie market*. The annual tost of 
plant and disinfecting materials wn* a little 
over $44,400. The force employed in swrejv- 
ing and washing the Paris streets "insisted 
of 2240 men, AGO women, ami 80 boya, tire 
wage* paid ranging from 2J franc* to 1) francs 
per day. Thu plant, iu addition to the hand 
implement", consisted of 100 mechanical 
■weeper* of the most improvnl models, each 
with Ibe capacity uf IU uian-puwcr, and prac- 
tically adding ltitrt lalraa-rs to the force; mid 
822 water-catls,inaddlliunlo the bore, which, 
wherever applicable, was applied tu ihe city 
hydrants for flushing purpose*. During the 
year cited. 7,189,183 square yards were daily 
watered by cart, ami 2.783, 092 by bon*. The 
nnnual con of this lm|iuriant function was 
about gMi.itOO. The washing is all done di- 
rectly by the street rJeanent, and ordered so 
as to facilitate, not to Increase, tlie tabor of 
■weeping, as mud is the most difficult of 
all dirt to remove. The band sweeping bri- 
gade and thi! mechanical balletic*, na they 
might be called, perform their luhora 1 h;- 
twien 3 ami ft a m. in summer, and between 
4 and 7 jl.U. in the winter. Tire rnrt* for 
removing the public and private refuae op- 
erate from 6 to 8 a.M in summer, and from 
7 to 9 a M. in w inter. Each cart is at- 
tended by a driver and two shovellers, the 
latter having to provide daring the rest of 
the day supplemental sweeping, as order- 
ed by the inspectors continually patrolling 
tire city on the outlook for the great enemy, 
dirt. The same men have also Uie duty of 
rinriDg the gutters twice a day, aud of clean- 
ing uud disinfecting urinal*, etc. All the 
work of sweeping and washing the street*, 
which i* done at lc.**t once and sometimes 
I w Io* a day throughout the paved area of 
the dty. and of removing bouse and street 
refuse is completely finished by 4 i’ll., 
except in unfavorable weatlier. The saure 
"street orderly " system used in the City of 
London Is nl*o a feature of the Fnrls method, 
and is found equally advantageous and eco- 
nomical. 

Pari* refuae is disposed of by public lender 
to responsible contractors for a term of four 
year*. In 1877. wh* n the dty bad it popu- 
lation of eav 2,000,009, the average bulk re- 
moved per atom was about 2223 cubic yards, 
requiring the daily use irf .Y30 cart* m'ul 980 
horwe* Of course the reader will under- 
stand that by the method* of street flushing 
from the hydrauLs in those portion* of the 
city which make dirt the moat rapidly inireli 
of the refuse and dirt is disposed of through 
the rewrrs, kmtulng to that extent tire burden 
of cartage. Apropos of tire methml of dis- 
position. It i* iinileiht- uhI that the deervusu 
In manurial value of lire Paris mud year bv 
year, specially since the street orderly sys- 
tem wus introduced, is nuking it more mid 
more difficult to dl»t*u*o of the street sweep- 
ing* by contract, and sonic now method of 
getting rid uf the lu-curuululian of worth U*i 
stuff will hare to Ire discovered. Tlie Paris 
rug pickers of the past, os well a* tire London 
rng-pickcrs of tlw; pa»i, no longer exist, uud 
tlie possibilities of the "golden dusltuan 


bate ceased. Only a few yenrs ago au nc*d 
rhtfonHu i* of Paris, w hu had plied her dia- 
gUHtiiig craft fur iifurly three-quarter* of a 
century, died, mid In herwrvtclred apartment 
a quarter of u million franca was found stuff- 
ed away iu gold ami bank note*. Since the 
aduptiun uf the contract avstem of final dis- 
position lu whole or part, iLr picturesque hut 
unutterably filthy and disgusting methods uf 
lire independent rag picker have censed in 
l-ondon aud Paris. In New York, however, 
the work go* merrily i>», mid the labors of 
tire street-sweeper have to tour silent to 
he twice performed in consequence. It i* 
safe to conclude that the experience uf the 
two great cities of Eurojie shows one result. 
The conunL-rrixl value of material that ran 
be utilized in city refuse U continually de- 
creasing, and it will soon beculue u serious 
quest ton whether sorting the dust Leaps is 
really worth the labor nud trouble it involves. 
Aside from this, the sanitary questions in- 
volved in tlie propagation uf durewc* are be- 
ginning to arouse serious alarm as connected 
with the commercial aide of the question. 

The topographical conditions of Manluvt- 
tau Island, which include* that larger portion 
of the mctroviolia of New York lying within 
the Jurisdiction of the department of strret- 
r leaning, lire favoruhic to good drainage. 
A long narrow "trip of land compnaaed within 
two magnificent waterways, and with lire 
boundless sea only a few mitoi away from its 
wharves, should offer toil few natural diffi- 
culties to skilled engineering in solving tire 
problem of grind sewerage and disposition of 
city refuse Other things being equal. New 
York should he the best sewered and tlie 
clmm-st of cities. TbU U precisely what the 
city i* not. Of tho great cities of Uie civil- 
iced world, it is n ilbimt question Ihe fillbieftt 
in summer and winter, In wet weather and 
dry weather. Engineer* estimate that nt 
least one-third of ibe dirt of Loudon U de- 
rived from the atmosphere, tire snot bclcbed 
forth from a miilion of chimneys. From 
this, a* from some other aggravating causes. 
New York U free. 1*1 us then look at tho 
main causes which conduce to make this 
city the pigpen it is, nud at throe which oper- 
ate to interfere with tlwi effective work of 
clrn using the pigpen. The desirable refotiu* 
arc diminution of the causes which make 
dirt, and perfecting lire agencies which re 
move It. Bath of Uie*** easily lie within the 
grasp of the people of New ) nek. or uf that 
intelligent public opinion which i* tire force 
behind administration. 

The dirt-producing cause* common to all 
cities exist in excess in New York in three 
out of the four principal classes. These ure 
hone droppings, dirt forced up from tbo 
substratum through crevices iu the pave- 
ment; and tire overflow of house and shop 
refuse In the street. The otlrer main ageory. 
lire deposit of dart and other wasle matters 
suspended in the air. probably affliit* New 
York It** than it does mint European eities. 
1-et us take a brief glance at there consecu- 
tively 

Firstly, horse dropping*. This material, 
valuable a* manure if ctillected nt once, la 
rapidly ground to powder under Uie friction 
of wheel anil hoof It thus adds rui offensive 
eh-nrent lu the body of tire street dirt, or, Hy- 
ing in Uie nir, becomes a dangerous fact in the 
••Hilary sense All commercial use U dc- 
atroynl by lack of cure iu gathering it prompt- 
ly As we have seen in London mid Paris 
(and in many other European cities), ibe fresh 
manure is promptly collected bv street order- 
lies 'Hie auiouut of valuable fertilizing ma- 
terial which could be sold if properly cured 
for would he worthy of cunshieration. Un- 
der rxi*iing rniuliiuui*. Instead of affording 
a possible income to the «reel cleaning bu- 
reau. it increases expense by greatly adding 
to the bunlm of matter to he swr'pt, carted 
•way. nud dhrpoml of a* rubhUh. There 
arc probably not k-»s than 100,000 bones in 
tire city of New York, slid at least half of 
their excrement La deposited in Ibe pubLic 
thorough fares. 

Secondly, av to the dirt forced upward 
through the joint* of pavement liv various 
cwnrea. Paving in New York i* laid hr con- 
tract under the ausidces of the Board oi Pub- 
lic Work*. To all intent* and purpose* we 
may consider tire material a* confined to 
gntulle block*, though nspbali, luireadnm.aod 
woodca pavement have been coquetted with 
from time to lime. The theory* of the gran- 
ite block pavement pvesnjtposui that the 
Joints nli ■> II lie nuide waterproof with hot tar 
and gravel, which, of course, would give full 
protection against tho dirt Iretreath n* well as 
from water. But this i* for the mwt part 
mere theory 111* more than doubtful w belh- 
or tlie work i* ever Iboroiighlv done at th« 
beginning. Tltose who watch the process of 
such things in New York have constant oc- 
casion to note the -luvculv nniute id the exe- 
cution A month or two generally suffice* 
to show the uncovered joints. Tire tendency 
of the subsoil to work up. according to Lon 
doit aud Pari* engineering reports, accounts 
for u Urge portion of the street dirt, except 
in the cure of asphalt pavement Of course 
(he more carelcns the jawing, Ibe greater Ihe 
upti-al «f earth from below. Again, pa»e- 
itrent It. lurely pntclMvl nr tncnd»l except in 
a moot desultory wav, though tire importance 
uf tilaiuteualM-e is fully equal to that of first 
structure Innumerable breaks, ruts, and 
Irohjs tend lu make and ln>M tlie dirt. The 
street car aysletn, no utiiversnl ill American 
cities, tlggraratcs the problem. The centre 
and side- tearing rail* in general iw offer 
irtesUliWc tuuiplaUon to the truckman to 



THE OARBAOE DUMP AND HEADQUARTERS OP THE NEW YORK STREET CLEANING DEPARTMENT. EAST RIVER.— Drawj. by W. A. Rook**. 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


HllTLKiiENT. 


:io 


utilize the tar uack fur hit tuner wheel- Ho 
heavy ti attic, instead of heing spread urcr Uu: 
street n ull iui equal weal, hollow* out gutters 
itj lilt (MVUHDt. Another equally polc-nt 
i-jiuw operating under New Hit method* 
to destroy tlie efficiency of jmvciueut coin** 
of llit' nckkMUCM in gruuliug permits to all 
manner of cumpiiuiea t« tear up the itiwb 
fur privalu pur|*)*«.*. Mk from lire Inter 
fuptiou* to travel auii the eiiuitiimu quan- 
tity of «liit cnai Into lliitlRtU by lire upe ra- 
tions In Ukonae(Tt% it ia safe to asM'ii that 
lint (muc ia it buiulrvtl tiltH’8 ia lire pavement 
re plated wltli a tithe <>f the care even with 
which it nus laid. T rue la it that the ram 
psriicx me presumed to restore Ibe pilVellHOl 
uiider inspuetion of city officer*. But tin: 
latter appears to be tin; ntensl farce. So 
abiiiaek-sH and wretched ia Ibe result itml it 
in a standi itf[ joke among pcditeriuii*, unless 
it is viewed lu tt diflereul light ami deuiou- 
strated tta an audacious swindle 

For all these various reasons tile methods 
of I (tying and maintaining' pavement in New 
York tend not only to gather and bold dirt 
flout nliov v.but toil rent ly liiclearo the ittfluUtit 
wpiecxcd up from below, and to add in lurge 
measure to lire diflleultie* of strecrl-cleiiliing. 

The third cause mentioned as u special 
agency in the creation of alreel dirt, the over 
How of bouas itml shop refuse, ia 00 lea* plain 
to tbo ntucTver. Even vigilant bouse keepers 
soiiivlimeH have difficulty iu preventing tlicir 
eervnus (rom depositing illegal mutter iu dm 
street. But iu tile teneiuciil-lreuse disliicls. 
aad Ibis region includes many respectable 
families. there stents to la- tut utter lack uf 
con science on the subject, an utter ignoru.net; 
of or indifference to tin- requirenreuia of mu- 
nicipal statutes. L'ntil recently the police 
department has entirely neglected to eufurre 
the statutes. T ruler tl*e administration of 
t.'omtnbsUiher Beattie a tie Up I of Maty po- 
)iivnn.-ii bus been put in the servlet! of the 
Department of Street cleaning to exact obe- 
dience to the iawa. Not only households of 
the lower class, but shopkeeper* both up and 
down town, in Hruadw ay as well as on the 
less tiuporiniil streets, buve been tit the habit 
or emptying much of their refuse into the 
gutters iif the street* Again, ibe utter luck 
of proper equipment ou tlic port of tlu; street 
oleaniog bureau cause* tt pereenlagc of the 
cun leu U of the iisb carls to be deposited pre- 
maturely. Altoul uro thirds of the cart* are 
furnished by cuOtf*i tor*, utid the plant ia 
almost worUiltw. Tiltee vans are mostly 
U Drove red. mid they generally bate a wake 
of adieu mnl other » »*tc in llici r track. Tim 
additional street dirt, which would lie entire 
hr 11 11 necessary under a thoroughly well-nr- 
g suited abd well administered system, pmli- 
ably a mo tints to thirty-three percent of the 
total must which must la- removed. 

Before proceeding further, however, some 
acrouat of the street denning bureau a* it 
now exist* is neceasarT. Until lfcmi ilda Hu- 
I >1 >r 1 : ■ 11 1 work was joelndeil within On- juris- 
diction t>f lire police. A separate depuri. 
meut was then organis'd, iu Hie hope that 
the time boiiOl.d inefficiency would bn re- 
moved by corneti Hating authority and re- 
sponsibility. There have boon thix* core- 
mU»i> luers’sl nee Hie bureau was established, 
uf u|i> ini wav f> discouraged by the dif- 
ficulties or bis task that he resigned after a 
few weeks of struggle. The of 

Administration coomsM of lire cnmuiiwiuirer, 
bit ilvpuiy. 23 clerical assistants. 113 fotviirel*. 
35 av-jsUut foremen, II Uu»|«elnr». aad 1W 
assistant IumkcIms Tire plant bclougiug 
to the city ■ wretchedly insufficient both 
tit extent ami quality, 'lid" U Mured in uu 
ancient market-bunro-, far too cuutiuulcd for 
a. ioirp.icvt.at the fool Of Scvettusiutb .Street, 
on the East Bivcr. Tlw department owns 
ttl etuis out of Fib in daily use. tire remain- 
der being furnished hy contracture. and uot 
tea per cent. «f lire*" are worth much except 
for firewood nttd old junk. There are W 
swivpiug niai'hiuv!>. single und double, of 
which M »re practically worn out; of tire 
remainder perhaps a half wore urc of Ibu 
iiiiRUrn improved piitterns. and the rest urc 
bartered wientur, which do tlteir work in 
limiting fashion. 

l li»; upprupumion for the expense* of tue 
department I. mud« bj ibu Board of Estimate 
amt Aftpi-rUonureui, each item L* Dig rigidly 
llxed liv these pundits, the nmsl of wiiuut 
prc.Lil.fv know lull little of the real exigtlt- 
cbes of street clcuniog. it is just to say. 
buvrevet. that ibis U » iwwi itiuuvalloti. 
Pot example, the appropriation for tbo 
year 1WIU. COOShling of fl.SJW.KiV was iSi- 
"v idi d a» follow b t Mmhtialfatlua, ♦118.000; 
cnrtlag. f.yw,W30: snow and ire. fif'.tHNi; 
sw.rping, ^IW.IWO: tlBal dwpoallion, ^.W,- 
mat ; new stock. fl'T.OOO; reitub and r..ntin- 
grfirivs. ♦I.YKS-Y No margin was left for the 
(ti.i-reticni of lire cotntiiia«lotrer, as there 
u 1 -u Id he if lire appropriation were u lump 
sum. A deficiency in unu category tannot 
tie supplied from lire surplus iu aoothcr. 
Thu nwtUod »[ PlwrtiiU* iiHuiMlM everv- 
Uiing, und while the head ciT the department 
bus u. UtBtr the rcsfKiusiblHty of using Ibe 
Dtnncy to lire brut advnatuge. he is without 
authority use hi. judgment- In spite uf 
tire fact that the ncufi of swevphw are gov. 
trued by utreerlain factors, if fund* run 
short III tills set ! lull Of 111* work, all that can 
be done i* to discharge sweepers, k't the city 
need ibeat never mi badly . 

Tire ['lived area fur which the CuujdiJmLijd- 
er of Hireet • Henuing is K»|»n»iWk5 i.ovei* 
IK® limar miles, and includes tf.31*.4t>.i 
s.,uai., yards. Tin* is divided for couvcoi- 


ettcc into M districts, and the different gangs 
are apportioned according to the nevus of 
i1k-jc uivUiuns, The total number of men 
employed, exclusive of tboac furulhlred un- 
der contract, ia 3X1. As tin; contracture fur- 
n»U 311 earl*, thin butuber, as repreirentiug 
the driven, will increase the total of em- 
ployes Io06l. Tire tvu tracts are made year- 
ly. and H gviea witlmul saying that 110 prudent 
■nun, delia/red fruni making au arrangement 
rxteudlng over a term of years, could afford 
to supply liiuuvjf with a Uiorooghly ade- 
quate pluul. Any kind uf nun sb settle cart 
must do. liowcYtir aieve-like it# atmctuiv. 1 u 
justice to the cuulntclore, buwever. let us 
aay that the depart idvdi carts are but little 
belter. 

In luldlimn tu lire hand awvepere. who 
numlx-r about 2110 urea, some 45 miichiuc*. 
siicli as they are, are Mi|qx>i*d tu be iu use. 
A good macbiire, needing otic man and a |atir 
uf burse*, is estimated lu do the work of tu 
bkilful and faithful laborer,. No optimist 
wiil for a munuul cuulcod that the New 
York luudiini'ti will Occuuipbsh mudi more 
Uiuu half tbi* saving, only 1b of theiu being 
fully up lu the murk or efficiency. Owing 
in the wretched condition uf the pavemeuta, 
butrey combed with holes, ruts, channel*, ruid 
brvnkb from cue to six inches In depth, the 
machine broom is often useless. ( leaning if 
done must be wrought tliiuugb the laburiims 
uxr of lire sens per. A careful survey of ibe 
streets uf New York makes it tolerably dear 
that to keep tlrem measurably clean requires 
a daily aweepiug uf every square yard of 
paved are*, involving the uw uf at leust 
iluulde the number ot madiines of Ibe most 
impruved type. Olid I bull* than duubie the 
uumber uf baud sweeper*. If the street de- 
partment under Its present methods ciui 
sweep wen the main thoroughfare* euptr- 
lldully three linm a week it is urcomplisii- 
ing w dialers. Even in this ca*c tire lusulli 
cieut supply uf carts and curler* often cutises 
the redlsinnuttctt of rubbish before It cau be 
removed, and the woribbua cart* semter a 
puitiuu uf their loads befure Urey reach Ibe 
duinpa. 

Tlie him/m nptntudi of removing tire bouse 
and street refuse of New York needs but ibe 
brrefest skcldi. lu summer, hour* refuse— 
a* I its at nt uffsl — U placed uu llie curb sUiire 
the night befure in barrels and boxes, and 
removed t.y the a»h curU before 7 am. In 
winter the servira w after 7 a w.. spceUi 110 
lice being given lu ibe bouse holders of inch 
district of Utc hour* wlliiin which rentuvsl 
will occur. Nu utlcmpt is made tu M’patate 
asIh's und gar Luge, though spasmodic efforts 
liuve Ikcu made from time to time to en 
fulcvr this divialuu. The sde-ii title ideal uf lire 
utiliniiiHi of city refuse bus changed with 
iu a few } ear.*, imd the weight of opinion 
among experts npjswrs tu favor its dtsSUno- 
lloll iis uguiust uny la-lief tbul it will pay lu 
diipuM of li cumnreiriiiily. experiimuu in 
which have Iw-t-u (aiisistetuly crtid iu lyi>u 
dou and Fan*. The cunteuts uf the owls arc 
conveyed tn the dumping place*, of which 
Urerc ate l®, where they are placed in scows, 
w liich hold from 4W U> 0»*l Uroda. There are 
10 scows which require shovelling of the mu- 
lct lid by Iui tnl fur tlm till.d ili*p<)Mliiru iu Ibe 
dt*ep m s, and 14 self duiuiiera, wbicb drop tire 
cutilctil® mechanically. The funner do** be- 
longs to tire (lr|*an incut, and the Juliet tu cun 
liactors owning or c>iiiiroilitig Ibe right to ure 
tire apparatus There linrgra are tuned out tu 
sea three mite* fmiii remiiy I look before lire 
refuse la committed to tire drop. Coinplaint 
is ufleu made Unit tbe iairgemcu, under cover 
of bight. disJSiMj of (belt leads within tlu; 
legal limits. Unutterable Nliuiriinalioiix are 
•uineUmta fouud un (lie bathing Uaclivs of 
Long Isbind and New Jersey. 1‘bis evil, 
however, could be eusily cured by a dom 
WMCb, iKfbaps by au otflclal detailed for in- 
spection on tire light ship, to whom ib» foro- 
uisn lu charge of each barge would be 
obliged to report. It kx nut probable that any 
tail ter method uf dixpiMition will la, fuuial 
than cuuuuiiul to the dejith of the great 
ocean, if executed under light condition*, 
(.'ritidsm of atrevt chaining in New York 
finds tire mulii point of attack lung before it 
rcacla* ilus thud stage. 

The w hole system iu New York ia nvdicwily 
bud. and a coinrulvluiicr with kite executive 
genius uf a Nupob-im would fail tu iu liii-ve 
cleuli Htroela uutier the conditions lltqiureil 
un him. Nearly Imlf tin: work U dom* by 
cxiulractuni, who have no constraining lu 
tcrest io doing it wall. No dMciptiire can 
he enfunx.il over the men by the department 
wbiclt does nut pay them Contract* arc 
givcu from year to year to the lowest bidder. 
The experience of all firndgii cilkw, and some 
of our own (Boston, for example), it, that 
sHvx't cleiiulug Cun never be Well done except 
wlreiv Ibu city own* its own plant *'■» M->, 
and rompels all of the etnpjiivrii under a 
system of Ibe strictest ducipiliie. Even lire 
scavenger must have some reuse of duty and 
responsibility, and must be taught to respect 
himself, amt that gum I wage* and peruiu- 
nencc of entlilii) luctil depend solely on faith' 
ful work. New York need* a completely 
r>|uip|Kil plant of sweeping miuhincs of the 
best construction, and uf all Hie minor im- 
pi (meat*; of carte » proudly built fur the 
work, which shall nut redeposit ten percent, 
and Upward of tlicir loads; and of all the ap- 
paratus of removal to rea. Every mao work- 
ing lu the dc|nt1i»uQt should be on the coin- 
nMHicr '11 pay-rolls, and held to a rigid ao 
euuutiibiliiv fur neglect, orelerutieu, nr in 
tultneo. Tlic ash cart driver often rival* 


tbe truckmau in hi* command of foul- lu Milan the sbuw carl* are emptied into 
mouthed abuse when rebuked hy an Ittdlg- tlic navigable canals ami watercourse* in- 
nant citixun. lie is only the hireling of a lencctmg the city, and latterly into the new 
contractor perhaps. rowers iu the mitral portion* of tbe city. 

An evil lb our liretbrol", loo. is found in wbhdi arc jirouiptly llushtxt whenever it 
Ure fuel that the s twinkling of street* is done snuws. During lire winter uf 13(9-410 the 
by private Individuals. The only purprou cute of ckiuiiug l,tlufi,20O square yard*— lo- 
in view u to alluv tire dust. Tire quotum ud area uf *tptarci<, streets, and lanes within 
of making additional tuud and iuereasing tire city wulU averugrd ♦ltNgi jrer Inch 
tbr work of stivtt cleaning i" lmt in the cal- depth of lalK-U stiuw . and for the 502,800 
culatioiL The latter result is attained by wquure yards outside the walls wrv» about 
private flpriBkllflg. whereas In dtka where ^*10 per inch, «i|uivalcni tu n little mure 
such matters arc tbornugbly studied the than two ccuta |tet cubic yaid. Ordinarily 
Mrtx't sprinkling Is pursued iu strict couuec the cleaning uf lire mure active thorough- 
tiqn witli cleaning the highway*, and by tbo fares is liuisbed within leu hours of the rea- 
ssure authurity. The entire lock or liar- aution uf the sturui, and of the rest within 
mony, wlrercby interest* clash with each twenty four Ireur*. exclusive of night. Tire 
ulber. ia sluinii cm one aide by this method remarkable dispatch and complelebesa uf 
of private *pitukUng; on tbe ulber baud by snow chuuiing in Milau was lire work of Hig- 
tbe failure of the Board of ITtWic Work* to Annibale tiaffuriut, a well known engineer, 
co operate with the bureau of street cleaning The city ia divided Into small district* uf va- 
in msuers appertaining to good petreuiem ryuig extent, aecunliug u> Uie iuipuruuice of 
and its luaictcuancc An rflleieul plant and the work to l« duuc and the depth uf Ibe 
complete rvipuujible coutrul uf all the work snow. An avrnige rare of pay per inch 
done iu Ute depwrtiiMiDt, xueh ns dues not cx- depth u settled fur the whole area uf each 
1 st to day, would go very far reword making district according to extent and particular 
effective street cleaning; but even lliia would cundiliuns. Each district is uJh>Ucd to a 
nut fully Suffice until an utter reform occur* cuutractur. lie ho* to ltud carta, burro?, and 
in method* of laying und maintaining jkivc carters, while tire city fumisluw tin: neccn- 
Uicnt. Asphull, uf ctMirsr, would pii'M-nt tbe sary iiupleiucuts — spades, shut els. biouiua, 
least difficulty, but it is doubtful whether scrtipvrs. burrow*, etc,— with proper siipula- 
the extreme* of our w'iniiTweatlrerwlJI ever tiuus aa to their rare. Tbe rootracls ore 
warrant the use uf asphalt ou un extensive inode annually, nod generally the same per* 
K'ale jo New Yolk, Good work iu granite sons are anxious tu secure them. Tire form 
block , kcjrt in a stale of thorough repair, of tire cuutrect U rigid; aul the eoiilraciura. 
will leave uo excuse for dirty si reels if tire wlu> are drawn from tbe trades most vlTcct- 
eommissioner in e barge has the proper plaut ed by winter— jatv lure, bricklayers, musua*. 
wherewith to Wurk. As it is. tbe depart areiil gravel quarry men, etc,— arc held to a rigid 
is oliiigi-d tn tniik'i Irrlcks without straw. It rioj)uo»ibUity. i'uyinent is only uxade tor 
has been estimutnl by ronijM-tent judges ibat wutk which la well done. Hloveuly nud 
tbo outlay required’ to purehuse a {rerfect (wtteus* execution gtwa fur no thing. The 
•tncl- cleaning plunt nmpli- fur all |s.isnili|e supervision of lire wurk k* arranged un the 
requirements and the adiiitiiaml leiuio iieixw- baci* of foul wetiotis, to encli om- of which 
sary would be fully met by the savings . ,f an engineer and assistant ure appointed, who 
lire aunual Inuigel within five years. TLU ole assisted by tbe police, 
includes wror and tear and tbe coat of inttiu In tacit mow storm Uie ileptb of fallen 
le nance both uf machinery and livestock snow, L4t which 1* based the pay'. Is deter- 
Wbatcver lire diurteofuiugi of the heads of milted by means uf a Dumber uf stone post" 
the bureau, an iblclllgrnt critirtatn w ill find *lx«l in ujicd q aces and clear uf shelter from 
far more to eonilemn iu the method* under buildings, each Uiog capped with a list Itor- 
whJeli lire ilepurtnieui is urguuixed ixonul slab. The depth of fallen suow ita 

Au imikurtaot feature of *lncl cleaning i* caught ou the slab* Is fixed by the engineer 
that involved iu Ibe removal of snow. Such iu preronoe of two uf tbn rontrartors of bin 
a bloekudo it* chut c>( the Mixrmd of Match, section. Tbe nuitiLwr uf UicU urdiuarily «»- 
1 S*M, dot* not ufleu occur, but there are aev- gaged iu sou we leaning, iu addition tu the 
eral otorxus every winter uhleh seriously Itu- regular street ■ ck-touig farce, rangv* front 
pedo travel, Tire methods by which lireac 2WU to 3000. aerordiDg to the wventy of tbe 
exigencies are met ate fully a* luttdrquuUi Morin. The inqih-tireni* are huiiMsf iu dtf. 
ami higgledy-piggledy u* tire feature* uf the ferenl storehouses tbtuugbuul the city. Tbe 
ilsily wurk. All that lire department cau do whole •xpeitm; of n-moving uud di.jsiMiig of 
Is tu ublain ah many teauiN and workitK'ii un the mkiw during the remarkable winter of 
piMsilile on the spur of lire occasion u. aug. 1874-0. when ini-fv than forty inch-.? of snow 
merit the regular force uf tire street clemicis. fell, was aUiut ♦44,000. In lire case of each 
inclusive of tire nintraeliir*' gaug*. T’he re- xtorrn Hie work uf removal was done within 
suit is that much urerc time I* rotlHUBied in twelllv-four hour* 

till* im|w>riant npiTHtion than U nnxlfuk, as lu Turin much tbe same method is Hired 
tire requisite force of iidduloiial curls and us tint uf Mllittt. w.itk Uiite paid for by U 10 
tetania cannot alwaya tre Imd at a moment's exact measure of mow fiQm The tram- 
muire. In I J ari* there i* a coutruet made Wuv cum|Kiule» arc ohllgcxi to hour tlreir 
eneli year witb lire General Omnibus Com- fcltsir uf the aiamro. |aiyu>g for a width of 
[uiiiy to supply ciiri* and horars at any time nine fii't ten iuehes fur single and nineteen 
treiiled. In IaiuJuu, also, cuntinueiil cou- fcrl eight iuefara for double trucks. Several 
tracts provide for any additional iiiiinber of inrojumieid met Lists uf melting tbe snow by 
teams required at a loomeul's notice. The the application uf strain ur led dry air lire 
only (hnruughly orgauiml ■ystem of tiiouv iiml, as also kail, tint the priucitsLl d- is iid 
removal, however, uf which we know, U tbui wire i* in remuval by cartage. Jt is by l lie 
used In Milan and Turin, Italy, a system adudrablv ■■iganixaiiuu of the carting aysten: 
which should be universally copied iu iu that the celerity of result, which Ilu won so 
mala featllics. luueb uduiltutluu, is iiieural. 



Tin: lAsntsii. 

“ It >i'|ir«s«ijl> flip laiKtlna uf Hip Pllgilnia 111 Ainultiu, all." 

“ If d»? Is' pVtmtf® t'lMtp liirflla 3 " 

“ Oti. tbat'a lung Mate CwflU- liawWii wss bull I. Hr. They Isi.d.il un the ruck you rev In the 
ptelif*" 

** Ph ftfil, !'• *<■ vriimlcf »«. {-iw A|I,.T>C*I1« Ivti emuo to tbM eouiiLq, If Ui 1-7 1.»| to |>nl uj> aid 
*»cb iainljn' iirconr'InlMHi* as tlisi. * 


Digitized by Google 





NEW YORK. 8ATCRDAY, .1 ANITA ItV 17, 1W1. 


THE LICK MONUMENT, SAN FRANCISCO —Diuws nr II. I), Niciou rno* tub accepted Demux u? Fhaxk llAri'Kn^nr.Ri'Mi — [Skk Pa»k 42 | 


38 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. IT 78. 


A Charming Historical Romance 
IN HARPER S YOUNG PEOPLE. 

7> h/pH J/tinarj ao, 1891. 

MEN OF IRON. 

BY HOWARD PYLE. 

Aituor or "Tm* W1ww.11 Clock." “Tmk Rose nr Pa*. 

ii.u'xt*atkj> av rim ai ihoh. 

TIii* i* a romance of llw lime* of (Unlljr, ihe s:eoe Kring 
laid in the England of King Henry IV. The hem i» a ynwth. 
«lie '■cm ul an old blind lord who has Iwen wrongfully «lit- 
gisird for alleged high treat'll. Filtering the wrvke of a 
powerful noble as a page, the lad receives the military training 
uliK h was all the cilia ai ion ilut «i* priced in those days, and 
quickly mn to l»e an centre and ft knight. winning tbe rec- 
ognition <if his smeieign and 1 lie fnrndOiip of the Prince nf 
Wale*, afterward King Unit V In due lime. also, through 
thr "net leal id I •attic.' he secure* the restoration of his a gel 
lather to rank and estate. 

The *twy i* full of romantic adventure, and the details nf the 
manners and cintwme* of the lime have lieen carefully studied, 
so tlut the ataxy and illustrations present as true a picture of 
that early period as modern research can discover 

HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. 

Now is the Time to Subscribe. 

Subscription Price. $2 00 a Year. 

MhIIii .*. id /WnuMtar* sewi.'l i /win •nAnwi/Ci'/au. ipti'ii 

•rnf Jtrtrt lu (A. pmUuA *r* afcw.'rf S* v«.«j«i.W L» Pvi-nftt JSmej 
Ontr* w f> iw/r. WArs hh nnu u .jenM. »Un>ruiu wilt l»iw 

rr.f mntHl S'vmbtr. Mi p» ,fnr f» ad w/Wnl.r. it tht fnitrJ OtalM. 

OtMUs.er MUnra 

HARPER & BROTHERS. Franklin Squnrc. N. V. 


No. 1778. 

Harpers Weekly, 

WITH COVER. AMI acmaUlltXT KIXTAtNlMl 
AN lUI KTHATKII ANtlCLI ON " BETWEEN- 
DM KA-CII.U AXU NEW - 

Tmis: t» mn a tori— siou » itn 11 mtwt. 

A'uAi rriyfiiMM may l*yu ntA any .Vnnsier. 


A CHECKMATE? 

T HE Senate suddenly set aside the elections bill: 
Eight “silver" Republicans voted with the Demo- 
cmU. So the long donate ended, and apparent! y will 
not be resumed. The astonishment <»f the Republican 
leaders who great, hut their defeat was complete, and 
the country undoubtedly welcomes the result. For 
why was it that Republican journals urged the Senate 
with reiterated and vehement appeal* not to flinch 
front passing the bill ! Why wa* so much caucussing 
c»f the majority of the Senate necessary to screw up its 
courage to the jxsiitt of adopting u rule fur the previ- 
ous question l Why were the Republican Senators 
StewaRT and Wowuri and TELLER and WamIIBCRM 
decried and denounced by parly organ* I Why was 
Vice-President Morton. by ruling that ait up|>eul from 
lii* decision is d abatable, regarded a* obstructing the 
party plans' Why was the situation in the Senate 
called a crisis which required heroic action upon the 
part of the majority! The answer to these questions 
is evident. If the election* bill had been felt to he a 
measure demanded by the convictions and desire of 
tbe Republican parly, if it had been iiclicvrd to he 
approved by Uie general good sense and patriotism of 
the country, and to lie proposed nut fora party pur- 
pose, but for the promotion of the general welfare, the 
Republican majority would no inure have hitched and 
hesitated and caucu«*ed. and the Republican papers 
would no more have exhorted and cajoled and threat 
cited, than when it was proponed to pas* any great and 
distinctive uutUluvcry measure in the earlier day.* of 
the pariv. 

This course of action was due wholly to the sus- 
picion that neither party sentiment nor public opin- 
ion really approved the measure It was due to the 
consciousness of a Republican and general convict ton 
which made the Republican Senator WOLOOTT any, 
"Tito hill, Mr. President, should not become a law, 
Iteciiuse it involve* Federal interference and espionage 
at otlier than national elections, mid such interference 
is contrary to tbe spirit of our institution* and an oh 
stacle to the right enjoyment of onr liliertiea.” And 
again. “It would be idle to say tbiil the government 
could not enforce this law: it would 1 h? equally idle 
to claim that in fact it ever would lie enforced.” 
Why ? Because “the people of the United States 
want no more civil strife, and against the united op- 
position of the white population in the Southern 
Stale*, any attempt In enforce it would menu, practi- 
cally. conflict between the Stale and natioiuil authori- 
ties.” And again, because " in the present economic 
(’■•million of the South, and with the present general 
ignorance of 1I1* colored race— for which it is in no 
wise responsible - there are many thing* more intpor- 
taut aud vital to the welfare of the natiou than that 


tbe colored citizens of the South shall vote." And 

once mote, “In Colorado if such a condition 

nf affairs existed an the Senator staled [in regard to 
the supposed voting of the Chinese in Oregon], and if 
that vote was opposed to the united and intelligent 
white vote, then, in some wnyattd by some method. 1 
know not how, the white vote would govern." 

Mr. Wolcott said that if a day for Congressional 
elections separate from any local election could lie 
selected, and its supervisors could lie so limited in 
power and tenure of office a» to secure impartiality, 
lie won h| favor such a measure. Hut “any Federal 
meddling with State elections is. to my mind, intol- 
erable. ... It iv to my mind, better that ita [New 
York'*] lorn) and Spite election* should be uttended 
with fraud and dishonesty than that they should be 
kept puis- by Federal interference ” Yet Mr. Wol- 
cott admitted tliat "wherever in the South the col- 
ored vote outnumbers the white it is not permitted to 
lie cost; or, if cast, is not permitted to lie counted.” 
He conceded that Congress had the right to puss the 
bill, but he held that it was in the highest degree in- 
expedient for the national welfare, for the colored 
cilizens.and for the Republican party. because not only 
could not such a bill accomplish the object sought, 
hut it must necessarily produce great evil*. It was the 
consciousness that in a few plain word* Mr Wolcott 
had expressed a deep and wide spread Republican con- 
viction. which expluitis the hesitation in the Senate 
and the hectoring of part of the party press. There 
wa* a general whistling to keep up party cmaragr to 
pas* the bill. Hot if it could have been or ran still 
lie passed only by a practically revolutionary sup- 
pression of delude iii the Senate, the old party of free 
speech would lie a singular instrument to accomplish 
such a result. 

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK. 

The report of the Huperintcndeut of Public Inst ruc- 
tion in New York is one of tbe most important State 
paper* of tbe year It is very fortunate for tbe Slate 
that the office of Superintendent is held by a man of 
unusual ability and intelligence, and of untiring and 
courageous devotion to a commanding public inter- 
est. Mr. DkaI’KH'm services are recognized beyond the 
State, and it is satisfactory to know tiiut when he 
speak* to educational u-aemhli«« in other States the 
voice of New Y’ork is heeded as worthy both of the 
cause aud of the commonwealth, Tbe statistics 
of the report are suggestive of the importance and 
the power of this dc|virtn>ent. The number of chil- 
dren of school age in the State is 1.H44.51W. of which 
1.<<42,I*M> have attended school at some time during 
the year, while tbe average daily attendance has la-en 
642.984 This show* an increase of about 40.01X1 
" schoolable " children since Inst year's report, of 
about 9000 in the number who have attended school 
ut some time, and of about 5000 in daily attendance 
I.a*t year tiie Superintendent remarked that the total 
attendance doe* not advance at the sni.ie rate as the 
total number of children of school age. and he gave a 
table of comparison by percentage*. 

The percentage of total attendance as compared 
with tbe total school population was 0.573 in 188#. 
while in 1851 it was 0.756; and the decline, although 
not regular from year to year, has been constant. 
The children included in the difference are to lie 
found either in the jnrocliial schools or in private 
mcImniU. or they are not in school at all. When the 
statistics of actual school attendance are known, as 
eom (sired with the cost of tbe maintenance of the 
schools, the question of an effective compulsory law 
will lie much illuminated. If it be tbe duty of tbe 
Stale to provide schools for children, it t* a* peremp- 
tory a duty to take care that tbe children go to school, 
and the Sii|ierinteiidcnt again urge* a more effective 
compulsory or truant law. The whole number of 
trurhen* employed at any time during the year was 
31.7U3. The salaries aggregated $10,422,171- The 
average salary in cities is 29. and in towns 
$285 49. In ten years the average salary of teacher* 
has advanced from $375 to The report attrib- 

utes the marked increase of interest in school work, 
aud the constantly advancing qualification*, to the 
system of uniform examinations as tlie basis of tbe 
certificates of the School ( ’ommisstoncr*. 

This touches a vital point of tlie public-school sys- 
tem -the method of appointing teachers. Super 
intended! Dkai-kh has urged a system of uniform 
examinations ns indispensable to the elevation of the 
standards of instruction and the equalization of the 
value of the schools. No greater measure of im- 
provement of the school system in the State could lie 
proposed, and the Superintendent * persistence, and 
l lie evident reason and utility of his scheme, have led 
to its general adoption. In Ihe absence nf law. how- 
ever, tlie adoption can lie only partially effective 
from the want of a common revision of the paper*, 
aud to secure that result, the legislature may well 
heed the recommendation uf tin* Superintendent that 
provision lie made by the Legislature for an examina- 
tion of tlie answer pii|icrx by a central board of ex 
u miner*. in substantially the same way that such pa- 
per* from the academies are examined in the oflh-e of 
the Regents of tbe University. The number of ex- 


aminations during the year for teachers' certificates 
wasl8.594.andI>877app]icai)tsdidiiot pas*. Thecause 
of popular education in llro State would be greatly 
advanced should tbe Legislature authorize a central 
board of examination of the answer (upere. There 
is no reason why the schools in every rural district 
should not lie all of the .same excellence, and ns this 
must depend largely upon the teachers, the selection 
of tcaclters should In* regulated by a uniform and im- 
partial system. The Superintendent's report call* at- 
tention to the fact of the passage in 1795 of tlie law 
contemplating a public school system in New Y’ork. 
and suggests that it is not loo early to consider the 
question of a becoming observance of ihe centennial 
anniversary. 

PEACE OX THE BEHRING SEA. 

TUB rumors of the refusal of our government to 
submit to urliit rut ion the Behring Sea dispute with 
England, and the speculations of the London and 
New York press, were suddenly ended by the publica- 
tion of Secretary Blaine's letter of December 17. 1690. 
concluding with a proportion of arbitration. It is a 
very long paper, practically reducing tbe difference to 
the inquiry whether the phrase "tbe l*ucitic Ocean'' 
in the Russian treaties witll England and America 
of 1824 and 1825 included the Behring Sea. Great 
Britain maintains that it did, tin* United States that 
it did not; and in this leiter Secretary Blaine 
shows from the diary of Secretary John QriXCY 
Adams. and from tbe secret archives of the State 
Department, that the Russian Minister, in a note, 
defined the construction placed upon the treaty by 
Russia, with which note Secretary AI>aMn concurred. 
The English treaty was made after this transac- 
tion. and must, of course, be interpreted ill its light. 
Tlie ijuesl inn. therefore, is what right* in Behring t?ea 
were granted by Great Britain to Russia, from whom 
they passed to us. This question Lord Salisbury 
ha* proposed to leave to impartial arbitration, aud 
Secretary BlaINK now accepts the principle* of Lord 
Salisbury's offer, hut not its terms. The Secretary 
expressly denies that this government has demanded 
that the Behring Sea he pronounced a rinsed sea. but 
justifies the proposition to hold a section of it for the 
protection of fur seals by an extract from a letter of 
Mr. E. J. Dhelpa. our late Minister to England. 

The important fact is that the letter of Mr. Blaine 
|hiU an end to tbe rumor* of war. Tbe report of hi* 
peremptory refusal to submit to arbitration was ac- 
companied by the statement that the British govern- 
ment had issued order* to its Pacific squadron, that 
the German government had begun to take a lively 
interest iu tbe question, aud thut our own govern- 
ment bad directed the concentration of a large part 
nf our naval force in the Pacific. The Secretary* 
alleged refusal to arbitrate was the more surprising 
not only because arbitration is ulways preferable in 
such disputes, but because the department has seem- 
ed to consider the rerent Pan American Congress 
fully justified by iu proposition of arbitration fur all 
inter-Aiuericau difficulties. The arguments for such 
a course with foreign American state* are equally 
applicable to differences with other powers. More- 
over, tin* suggestion of war with Englund upon a 
question so little understood in this country, and in 
tlie present condition of our naval and maritime de- 
fences, was absurd, and the supposition that we could 
help the mutter by bluster was no leas ao. Beside*, 
the letter of Secretary Blaine i* conclusive evidence 
of the desirability of arbitration. The question is of 
the interpretation of treaties and of historical prece- 
dent*. Why should we fall to fighting about such a 
difference i If arbitration is of any use in any case 
whatever, wliy i* this not precisely tliecasc.* If there 
be some political or party consideration involved, does 
anybody seriously suppose that the fortunes of the 
Republican party would be improved by precipitating 
a war with England about the seal lljiery in the 
Behring Sen t The war of 1612 bad at least a popu- 
lar cry. Tin* impressment of American citizen* on 
British ships, if not the real cause of the. war. was its 
popular cause. Y'et never wa* a more unpopular 
war; and an administration which should so wholly 
misunderstand tbe national feeling as to contemplate 
war as a settlement of thr present difference ubnut 
the seal fishery would at once, aud justly, entirely 
forfeit public coufideiicc, 

THR COPYRIGHT HILL IN TOE SENATE. 

THE Heuale. it I* ho|x*l by flic friend* of tlie measure, 
will not long delay to take up the copyright bitl. ami puss it 
as it mine from tlie lloUM'. Thor friend* arc agreed that 
amemlmrnts. which would, of cottrte. require Its return to 
Ihe House, would ptolably defeat it. and therefore tiiat 
nmendinetns tiin*t Is- regarded n* nscasiire* of liontlltty to 
tlsc bill. It l# very cn*v to urge plmollile argument* for 
amendments of various kinds. Bui nobody knows Hit* bet 
ter t Issn Us opponent*, nnd the proposer of ao ntucminieiit 
must be suspected to Is* a Greek I /ringing gift* 

If Uie Semite really favor* the purpose of the Mil. which 
its former action seems In prove, it may lie very sun- tint It 
represents in it* present form the happy union of sentiment 
of all ilie Intevem rourrrnni The great interest — that of 
tbe residing public— is nyrewnlcd with quite a* much bearti 



JANUARY 17, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


39 


ur%i n* that of llii 1 author* nml publisher* anil innniifurln 
ten. Ii* reprweuttlivt- i* lira prv-M, which supports with 
great earnestness i!m» Mil In lit present form. tbe only form 
which seemed to *nti*fy nil view*. ami to be I he prereiil 
limit Icnble form of tlf great measure. 

We duetto ihut Mr Max Mi Ki i.ru. dm of the mi*i 
Minacious of Ilf KujelKli friends ol the bill, anticipate* me 
thing but good from it* passage. claiming ibut It trill open 
a larger market. and consequently red lire the price of book* 
both iu England ami America the extra coat of the doiihb- 
printing will he unimportant ns rum parol with the advan- 
tage, Me seen, n< every Judicious friend of the measure sees 
nul say* that it ia a rnm promise. ImiI un honorable nnd wise 
com promise, whirb extnblhdiea a just policy, ami which when 
it is once a law can be amended ax experience muv suggest 

FINANCIAL WISDOM, 

A roXRRWWt DCXT of tlf New York l.'tmhrr Tm/U Junr- 
imi. in expnalsg aotm of Ilf fallacies of the tdver craze, ritra 
the views mid pnvetwes «.f tbr *Oge (tavern or KlKrr. of New 
Amsterdam, a* recorded by Diedrieh Knickerbocker, which 
seem to be worthy of console ration by some members of 
Congers*. 

“ Ned to his project* for tlf suppression of poverty mar he 
classes! those uf Wuiux the Truly (or im-raieing tin- wealth of 
Nr n AmMeniain. Solomon, of rime ulmranar for wiolotu l lie 
hide tiusarnnr was soma* lint i-iwiimiii*, had mmte eld and silver 
ns plenty as the Mooes in the street* of Jerusalem. Willi m 
hi hit i-ould not portend to vie with him as to elf pu-cNin* mala la, 
but If drtei roil rati, as an rquirvlcnt. lo flood the streets of New 
JMnlm (*s New York «*> tta-o eatMl with Imffaa m a no r 
Till* was nothing mure nor less than strings of Imuh, wrought 
tint ill dams, periwinkles, and other sliellflnii. a ml called mwnsn 
or snaipiiii. These had formed a tvstire correwcv among the 
simple savages, whu were content to take them from the Dutch' 
tnew ia urbane* fur pellder. [it an mshtcki moment Wit.t.UM 
the Testy, seeing this money of may production, eon eel veil the 
project of msking it tlra corrent coin «l the province. It is true 
It had an intrinsic value annHig the Indiana, who used Si lo orna- 
ment their rulies and mneoaslns, hut aiming the honest burgher* 
it had no more intrinsic velar than llio-e rags which form the 
piper rurrency at mmltni days, This conshlevallnti, however, had 
no weight with Willi an the Testy. Hr began by paying all the 
servants of the company and ail tlf debts of the government in 
strtisg* of wampum, Hv sent rrnhuarlos to sweep tlf shine* of 
Long Island, whwh was the Ophh of this modem Salomon, and 
ativiunle-J ill she Ihllsli. Thru* were iranspniied in hauls lo New 
Amsterdam, coined into Indian money, air! Unncbrd into circu- 
lation. 

"And now. for a time, affair* went on swimmingly ; money be- 
came as plentiful as in the modern days of piper eurrency, ami, 
lo use the po|odar phrase, *a wocolerfol impiiUe *a» given lo 
public prosperity.' Yankee timiers pconvd into the provinces, 
buying everything they could lay their hands on. and iiaring the 
worthy Dutchmen their own price — In Indian twoirar If the latter, 
however, attempted to pi v the Yankee* in the same coin for thrir 
tin ware and wooden howls, tlte case was altered ; Milling would 
du hot Dutch guilder* ami work like metallic warmer What «a« 
worse, t ie Yankees introduce! an inferior kind of wampum, made 
of oyster she Is. witli which they -icing**! the province, carrying off 
in exchange all the divei and gnkl, tile Dutch herring*, and Dutch 
L-lraeaea. Thus carlr diil tlm koosriitg men of the Best manifest 
their skill in bargaining the New AuiMrnUmer* tall of thw oyster 
ami leaving them tka shall." 

•* BOTHBN.** 

We recall nn honk published within the lost general inn 
which produced «si immediate nml brilliant an impression ax 
EalhfH. iJie author of which. At-KXAXtir.n Wii.i.iam Kivu- 
t-VKtc, has just died nl tbr age of eighty. It was it book of 
lra vela in the East, but it was writ leu in a style and with a 
spirit so fresh anil alriking Ibut it captivuted the English 
speaking public, nml wo* translated iulo every ('onliiieiilnl 
taugungr. In this country ils popularity was very grant, 
and it wns bmaed in many diftcraui form*. 

Aid A < m wns i he ttrtst of books of travel In tlie modern man- 
ner: not n diary of successive events, but a serif* of pic- 
ture*. it romom-c of mlveniute. in which impressions and 
aentimeut* were treated with glowing TM-Unr** of rhetoric 
and scholarship and literary skill, The opening sentence*. 
»« in HaWTHOiuck's talcs made the ac MI live render con- 
scious of a s|w II which iteld him lo the end; and if wltcn lu: 
closed the Is mk he could not give much infnrmnliou about 
Egypt or the lower Daniil**, lie had, as upon the t-nebiuilrd 
Arabian carpel, been transported to the Enal. nml hud seen 
very Egypt nnd lira Nile. "You tlnrc not mock nl the 
Sphinx." 

In later years Mr. Kixui.vkR wrote hi* other book, un 
elaborate ami exbattwlive history of lira Crlnraau war, which 
look at once, nnd ludda n place among the last of English 
historical Work*. The episode upon I/olis Napoi.rux ia 
one of lira moat Inchive ami caustic accounts of tbal person- 
age. Tlte whole work lia* Use hrilliancy nnd *niiriral inde- 
pendence of tone wliirlt eliaracterixe Rttkru. allbough with- 
out a certain frauhrmn* of nitlursiaxm which murks the ear- 
lier work. Mr Kpcoi.ake'* personality *» not fnmilmr in 
the public at any lime. Hut hi* name will always have de- 
lightful aaaociatioiis for those who fell Ura cJiarm of Jv</Am , 

THE DUTCH AND THE PILHRIMS. 

The propouilioo of a monument at liclftxhaven to com- 
BetnonUe Dutch lioapliality to tbs Pilgrim* fan* received a 
■ heck by the refusal of the Connecticut Congregational Hub 
to co operate The report of St* committee denies the lm*pi- 
lality. and limits the Dutch kindness to a simple i«iU-ntlinn 
of the Pilgtlint during their stay. The fact* probably are 
that, a* HRvnronii *ayx. tlte Pilgrims went to Holland be 
cause they hoi beard that in llut country there wax " free 
dom of relighin for all men, "and when they left. Euw.vnu 
Wt\*tJow snya Ibut they had enjoyed nincb petrae ami lib- 
erty. ' and he does not mention nny uukituiues* of Iraaluieut 
from the Dutch. 

Thera is no tradition of aurh unklndne**. and the probable 
trutn is tbal they were nut molested, although in no other wny 
especially favored. Hut to nran who were ucllvely perse- 


cuted ol home, entire freedom to worahip nt their will and 
to pursue their callings seemed both hospitality and liberty. 
The New Ifnveu < ougragntionid Club says that lira Dutch 
gvoerameui merely allowed the Pilgrim* lolive. Non wecnll 
Atnerlrn the home of the oj)ptv»-cd Hut what oilier hospi- 
tality do »e sltow to foreigner*, except the CUIim-sc. than per 
mbxlon lo liveT Must lira Dutch lie sltowti lo huve displayed 
sonic especial and tender consideration for the Piigtini* fie. 
fore tlrey tan be cttlbsl hospitable* 

In tlite* «Uy* wj»* not permission to live In a foreign coun- 
try and to work uurooli**ted. Iiusplmhiy. and are we Ivospita 
bit* lit any other sense T Could Hie Moravian* claim tbnl we 
were not hospitable or derertlng of grateful regard lievnire* 
we merely allowed ihetn to live on the honk* of the I^hlgiiT 
We <h> not recall any expraoslon ntnotig the Pilgrim* after 
their arrival In tin* country which accused lira Dutch of in- 
iHispItality. The monument at DelftxUaven would coin- 
raemonile tlte uomolestMi residence of the l*ilgrim* for 
twelve year* in Holland, their peaceful worship there and 
their departure for America one of the grenti-xt incitieni* in 
history. In later time* thrir drttoetnliiiiUi and descendant* 
of the Pilgrim* may wrli ileligtit In lira fact that lira Pilgrim* 
cliosc Holland for a refuge from lira persecution* of llrair 
native land, and so la-gun the Imppy uaaoriullun of Dutch- 
men and Englishmen who in another laud and under com- 
mon beneficent institution* have now la-come American*. 

MASSACHUSETTS REPUBLICANS, 

Tiik iiuic|a-ndent movement in Mnssaclitreetl* ha* bad 
much sympathy from many RcpubllcaiM who were not 
willing to leave their party, tail who have deplotxvl It* 
recent tendency ami control. Home of lira more positive 
Kepubliriin infill reformers Indeed left the party ranks and 
awociatcd themselves with the Democrat*, and lira hue 
election boa diown ralier Keptibliran* that reiura Itevoic and 
nniteil act but i* necessary if lira party I* lo retain the sym- 
pathy of the best ram Intent of lira Slate To many of the 
mod intelligent anti liberal and progressive citizen* rtf Ma« 
xncliuretl* the Democratic, mime, tradition*, anti tendeurie* 
are not ngreentde. anti a movement which ha* liet-n pcivalely 
ilbcuxrarl for tome time Ira* now taken form lo secure con- 
trol ami reorganization of the party, 

A Republican conference, but not of tlwme most interested 
in the new movement, wax recently hrld in lb* ton. possibly 
to obtain command of it by prior action, lint the new lni.l- 
erx.comporatl largely of younger men, were not to be thwarted 
in that way, nnd iraued a call for it meeting to form n rluh, 
which was atUIrrased to 100 Ri-juililican*. with the exception 
of Senators, Representative* anti oHIce. bolder*. The llrxt 
conference doe* nn« appose thi* scheme, tlm* yiehling the 
leatlersiiip to the fatter movement. The dcrlaralioa of prin- 
ciples i* a* follow*: 

"The purpose of this rlnb i« to pvnmote honest pditic«; to 
npnnra eandiilarv fur imtiKr nfllre of (mrly pramilietare fur priiatr 
gala; to purify vlet-tinn*, i-aiicuses, and |*iliiioil eofmalUei-s; to 
eiioniiragc political aclirUv at primaries ami eaiicuxr* amnog -ill 
giH*! ritireti*; Hi idvocste *ud ilUramlnate lira |iilncipl--t an 
■hich the flcimhlkrin party w*« founded, and by whirii it lias won 
it* greatest lictorles; xml siili surh pniH-i|ilo* nl tanrt in nsiiu, 
einiv from time to time new objeL-t* and measure* deserving slip. 

"(II. W* belie if in liMiMt money. We taliere in ssvurlsig t lis* 
adoption hy tlie cliief cummctvial n*tio«i* of tlie wurtd of n Died 
ratio between gold ml silver. We believe in the onirervaioe 
leguhtinn af the eisrrency. and nmdrinn i>* inflation either hv tlo- 
i«*ne of inconvertible paper money or hv the fne rnsnage of lire 
-h'lirevialed dollar. Our eniresray should lie i-iabli-li-d sod mailt 
tabled upon a* linn a basis as that of any oilier nation. 

“Hi. We believe in a protective tariff that dsill impose duties 
where they arv wrelnl, an>l only where needed, to «*|ialixc I hr 
■alaie oust of prndnetson, a»d to d ■ - veil n , American mKnirccs and 
Anirriran uoialnerve. tail not to re lie re favored corporation' or 
bolivhhials finsn foreign conipctitHHi. 

•■(Sy We belrate in lira eih-iieiisi >»f Ameriran own mem- nml 
in the vninaragraartit of Aioeriean *hlp|dsig. atol In tilurlox it on 
an mpial fuoting with foreign skipping in tlie snuggle foe the 
imriiog (rode of I lie World. 

“(4y We halievn that seiection for the puhlir aervire stamki t<e 
mn.te for merit ami not for partisan activity, and Hint Hip civil 
*err*r* law sliuuld tie rxt*nded 10 all ileptrllnrvits of the gmerti- 

" (<V|i We tielieve in the restriction of immigration, ml in the 
etelnsion of pa«|wr*, crrmlimU, ami other person* -in6tte,| far the 
duties of Ameriran ciiixm*hip. 

"(lij. We hrlirie in lira iiri'seMitliaii of our |H>htic sciiools and 
ill c<inipiilsqey idiinukti. Tkr a cl tare of tlm slate depends u|a>ri 
the ialeUijrriK-e of it* ritiams. 

"(7). We belief* in a free and pare lulhit. and *• honest count 
at every polling ptcrinrt in the I hits*! Slstr*. There (lanikl Is- 
no rrelrietion of the Mitfrage » tsT.pt by law." 

This declaration i< explicit In its second and fourth arti 
clew; the *ex.*Hid rt-jert* the principle of the Mi Ki.m.KY InrifT. 
the fot trill i* nn tiinpluliflcd acreptnm-e of tlra principle of 
civil service reform, the ravenih arlit-lc i* n Matcmeul with 
wliicli every hniraM nnd patriotic rili/cn will agree, lull it 
doe* mb imply that lira election law provides the racaii* of 
securing lira object, nought. Tlra program of tlra movement 
will lie ait interesting study. Tlra nhl party hands will in- 
to obtain (Mini of It, ton it i> wffe M iq timt If llw Mil 
Rcputilican State Convention In Massachusetts hoira*tly 
Hilopls substantially the platform of the proposed club, tbc 
DetitiK-rulit will not carry tlra Stale in 1M9. 

HUMORS OF THE HOLIDAYS. 

Mr. Clarkson, the Ule Assistant roatmaslrr-ncwcral. it a 
pletuanf humorisl. ami largely contributed to lira dtrerful- 
ira** of the holiday *en*o» liy an interview whirii wa« ex- 
ceedingly Mauling. Alluding to the elecVinn bill, he said 
that Ira believed it would pas* because It wa* right, nnd la* 
cause it «« “tbe tlrxt and |nramcunt pledge of honor” In 
tire Republican platform. He further remarked that the 
■' Republican duly under the OOMClMM of tbe iwrly “ I* to 
" keep it* covenant*. 1 ' and "if It due* nut do it, now tiwt it 
ha* tlra full power and opportunity. It will die. utid de*ctve 
to die. from tack of courage and honor to live." And tbe 


humornu* gentleman repeater! tint the Republican party 
wns peculiarly and distinctively " u party of sentiment and 
consT-h-nr*-. nml especially plnlgrel to »ncred lioimr nn thl* 
Wlltject.” 

Tbt* 1* rb-btii-s* beyond Srpieer*. Tlra Hciwtbltcan parly 
in the same platform not only moth- a mil her pledge upon 
another subject, which it hs» also re|>eate<l regularly since 
-1899, that it would bonwtly enforce civil service reform, but it 
expressly pledged itself to keep tlra ptcrlgc. and ils candidate 
iraroomtlly renewed lira premise He wa* elected, and called 
Mr. I i.Aim*ON into the l<ratu-h of tlra aervlce to which reform 
i* peculiarly nppliouldc, and In which it i* peculiarly practi- 
twlile. and Mr. f t xrksox Inngliingly and rntlilesslj broke 
(hr pleilge atwl in word aiwl dost frankly repressed Ilia eon- 
tempt for lira reform whirii was a " pnniutount plclge of 
honor" of hie party. 

So lo speak, lira huiltoton* Mr. fl.xliH*oK whistled tbe 
imtty *• ctin-raleiice *' and " •cnliment" and "snered honor" 
down the wind, and if Mr. WoLCuTT and the other liepnl)- 
limn* wire voted too-t a*lile tlra election bill are "deserter#," 
"traitor*. "and " conspirators." as they are now called by 
Republican organ*, what. pray, la the humnreux Mr. ('i.aiik- 
»wx to wltom the tairietque season was greatly indebted* 

PERSONAL. 

Tiik signature of tlra late Oeiraral Kiiamx* HSmxxr.it, 
*X-Treamtrer of lira l.'nileti Stale*. w»* one of tlie worst 
*1 itiMbli ng-ldirak* fur forger* and enuiiferfrileia that ever 
wan devised, ||e originated it nheu a huniess-Maker's ap- 
prentice in AniNtenlaui. New York, at seventeen, prnrriwd 
on it in later vent* when he Ireranae a t'uiigrr**iiiau, him! 
)rarfeelf*l it a* Treasurer of the I'nitrel States. The writ 
iug of the signature involved considerable labor, and when 
(ieiiernl SlIXXIIII alllxeil it to many Treasury note* iu a 
■lay it is «nid Hint hi* wrist treealire so swollen nnd pniiiful 
tbnl it had lo lie swalln-d in we| eloths. While Ti.-asnn r, 
Mr. SeiXM'.tt earned the gi-atiunle of tin- women *if this 
country by being lira lltst man t« admit nraailmr* af tlrair 
*rx in i be government *ert iee. lie was eighty-eight year* 
old when lie died, in Florida, flout tlra earner that had lirru 
slowly eating away Ids life. He was tairti in what la now 
known a* Mohawk. New York, and hi* talker, who bad left 
lira l(•■llluu ('nl Indie prir»tln*Hl to Im-cohn- a I'rolestant eler- 
gy iiinn, educated him enrefitlly first, ami tlrau had him loorn 
both the timles of a eollferliiMier ami Inn nr** -maker. He 
fnllotreil neillirr. but Iraraine ii iirarelmnt, nml then the 
cashier of a l«*nk. holding various town, enmity, nml Stale 
•dlti’es in tlie mean time. and winniiig hi* military title iu 
(lie Slate militia, fienrrul Snxxru wa* elei'led to Con. 
gresa iu nn nntialuvery Ih-niM-ral. nml nerved mi the eom- 
mitlee that iiivenlignlrd the awvanlt of rRKJrro.V HikmiKX 
on ('UAMI.K* Sl MXKR. I(e n as re-elected a* n Republican. 
President |JX(»LX enllril him to tbe ITuited State* Tren- 
snrership iu Irttl.aml In- held the place for fourteen years 
when lie resigned. Tlra general'* precision iu even the 
most minute matter* wit* show n in hi* last oflhial act. 
when, hav ing discovered a defleiency of one cent iu tire 
umney in lira Treasury . Ira milm-d n recount, tv'|itlring aev • 
erul weeks found lira diaereputray, Imhuirerl his l*ioks uud 

Itialiop JiMix P. Nkwxiax, who is ntte nfflra best- known 
M e ih odial dmnes aval roitMStan m the maxlty, wiU I*, a 
proniinent lignre at the <inarter-reiitpntiial Meth(*U«l ju- 
bilee « lint i» soon to ta- held IU New Orleans He will speak 
on o The Future of tlie Negro Uaee " .» siilijret w hldi Ira ia 

pnrtieulnrly lilted to diwiiasa* mneb rtf Ilia work ha* been 
amrflig the rotated people of lira Smith 

KfiWtU S.vur.. tbe large*! noli virlual bmner of mourr 
in New York, |rarha|M, is *airl to have a rale never to loan 
more Ilian 85tUO,OIMI on nny given day. 

— A dewjHitch tvrelverl last week from tamilon aiilHMllircd 
the death of Chari, K* Krkxr.br nrtial nn lira staff of /'a*r*. 
The term " caricaturist " un* liarrlly iippliealdv Iu Kk>:xk. 
Tile snlijeets rbioeti by him were humorous, but the jwiTmtt- 
ages Ira drew ami mlio *pnke llrair word* uerr never iu lira 
least groteM|iie. Kt-KVi: was II realist in its highest sig- 
•litieation. Ilis skrlrke* present not the remit neilirs but 
idiiMviu-rasies of ini-l-ll.- t lss. Knglisb amt brofeh men and 
women. There was no extravagance, lie hod a predilr- - 
lion for w hut wa* roinie. and he followed that vein. He 
might have been dainty, but ns idealism wna wanting lit 
tin- orriipaul* of 'Ini* or mil way eBrriage. Ira never made it. 
What particularly delighted Aun-rirnn artist* were tlra lit- 
tle suggestive Ini*, slieb ii* oflaiidiM-ape nr intelTui'*. With 
a few line* all tlra adjunct* were there. Kkkxk nn* aliso- 
litlrly Irntliful and |inne*t. and lira very ta-st man fur Id* 
sperial work ill nil England. In t**>k form <»«r Itupt t con- 
tains tlra Itmjor jmrr nf Kt t vr's works, and hi* umst recent 
rontriUnliiMi lo I’nurh was in August of last year. 

I.VAZii XlTrura, a nraiatar of a di*l iriguished Japatrase 
taniily, nnd a graduate uf Harvard Cnllrge and a fiermnti 
BNlreraity. boa jnat warrinl Mis* M.viiy KtAii.vmx, a cult- 
nti-d young Pkilailel|dna tjuiikere.-m. lie w ill take her lnu-k 
to Japan, where Ira i* In till nu important government office. 

— Ifrv. Mr. PlXKll.a .M--rliodi*| miiiLstrr. rati for (ioveruor 
on lira Republican ticket in the last AtkaoRas election, lie 
bit* now been suspended for six month* by hi* bishop f..r 
going into politic*. 

— In the recent dixastroax lire ill the (iilaey liloek on np- 
l*-r Hruiulw ay. which destroyed the Fifth Avenue Theatre. 
Mr. i.’IIAMl.hx liltAHAM. the artist, whose drawing* are well 
known to tin- readet* of ||*nmi'a Wrrki.v. narrowly • *- 
cii|ied raii. -n* lo*a. Hi* stmlio was lira Wily room in tlra 
block that csrjpi-d injiiiy. The llano* were not elieeked 
until alter llray bad burned tlmuigh the ffout* ami rriling* 
of tlra moms across thr hallway, ami had damaged tin- ad- 
jacent n|>ai i nraiit , The deatnietinu nf Mr.fillAMsvt'Anludio, 
with it* tilting*, would have l*-en a great ami irreparable 
h*w, ri-utaiiiiiig as it doe* hi* large collection of *| itaisia l> 
eiitiou* relic* uml nioilel*. Here be kee|n the srmp* and 
portfolios nl twenty year* of artistic work iu a wide and 
varied Held, many of the draw mg* ib-pu-i lug scene* of West- 
cm frontier life in an epoch non | nt **eil. With these it a 
large amouiit of freah material gnlhri>-*l in Western jour- 
ney hi-* through tin- past summer slid aututuu fvC. Hak- 
fl-l: * Wi:t.st,v. 





JANUARY 17, 1391. 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 


49 



*U. I. C1HRV3. (TUB UIUllEST CLOL US, AT AN ALTITIIH OF SK ABLY TBS MILE* l 


No. 1 cwiNwnKATia. (ABuirr six miles from tub Barth.) 


DISCOVERIES IN CLOFDLAND. 

bt william a- F.nnr. 

Tun Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, at live summit 
of Great Blue Hill, about ton utiles south ot Button, Mas-u 
rbuactls, is fortunately situated for meteorological research, 
especially its related to cloud movements. It u on (lie Ini'll. 
c*t ground villain ten mile* of the Atlantic count from Maine 
to Florida. Tile circulation of the air 
around Gn at Itluc llill ia not influenced 
by irregularities iu tile surface of Hie sur- 
rounding country. Nor is the situation 
of tlta observatory ton high to sntUfucto- 
rily record tl>e surface effects of great 
storms. Professor William M. Darts, of 
Harvard, points out tbe fact llial at U>e 
Pike s Peak Signal Service station, dis- 
continued July I, 1H87. the meteorological 
conditions at the summit were not subject 
«• ■ serious d iaturl since from passing storms. 

Mr. II. Helm Claytons observation* iu 
Tennessee, at Ann Arbor (Michigan), ami 
at tlic lllue Hill observatory indicate tbul 
storms are borne along like a whirlwind 
in a vast general stream of air. truces of 
which extend to a much greater height 
than Pike's Peak. The data already col- 
lected at the Blue Hill observatory em- 
phasize the subtle nature of storm dis- 
turbances aa related to the higher regions 
of ll»c air. 

This observatory at the summit of 
Great Blue Hill was built by Mr. A. Law 
rrncc Kntch as u private enterprise. It 
cuOlinund* an unbroken view of tbe bori. 
ion thirty three miles dUlaiit.uf the mourn 
tains iu New Hampshire seventy miles 
away, and displays weather signals fur 
one hundred and twenty towns and vil- 
lage*. The importance of ibia silualiou 
for scientific purpose*, which occurred to 
Mr Hotcli Iu 18*4, was conlirmed by bis 
visit to the mountain observatories of Ku- 
ril pe in 1885 On Jauuary Hist of that 
year, at midnight, tbe opening of the ob- 
servatory was made public by a display 
of nickel* from the summit of Great lllue 
11 ill. All observations ordluurily made at Signal Service 
stations uud many special investigations have since liccn 
carried on by Mr. Ilolcb, assisted by Mr. 11. Helm Clayton 
and Mr S. P. PcrguMOti. Mr. Hotcli lias carefully equipped 
tbe ubwrvaiory with tbe best aud most ingenious meteoro- 
logical instruments. 

On January 8. 1839. Professor Edward C, Pickering, di- 
rector of the astronomical observatory of llarvald College, 
published an elaborate record of tbe Blue Hill observation*. 


with tabulated statements of the results achieved by Mr. 
( lay ton, who bus made important discoveries in the laws 
of cloud movement. The cloud formation of coming storms 
bus attracted attention during many centuries as it docs to- 
day. and certnin Inferences from the appearance of tbo sky 
And justification in the actual results, yet an old strum-ship 
captaiu, having an experience of forty yean at sea. when 
questioned, insisted upon the treacherous nature of sky por- 


tents. But when the heavens are overcast, thousands uf 
people come forth with Ibeir umbrellas, and the wbdom of 
this action Is sustained by die Signal Service weather fore- 
casts. Sergeant Dunn, of the Signal Office at New York, 
says that the advance of rainy weather eastward is no often 
preceded by cloinlhieM llial the condition uf Ibe sky becomes 
an important element in making up the indications Elab- 
orate information iM-aring upon the proportion and kitwl of 
clouds is collected by the Signal Service officers. 


At the Blue Hill observatory careful scientific teats have 
been applied by Mr. Clayton, wbuse discoveries empliatize 
the fact, of which meteorologist* arc particularly conscious, 
liiut much of tbe failure to calculate tlie movement of storm 
centres is due to deficient knowledge of the air currruta 
situated at a distance of from 20.000 to 30,000 feet above 
the earth's surface. The direction, height, and sjrced with 
which clouds are moving must, of course, ho approximately 
known before any relation between cloud 
movements and storm progression can he 
discovered. Tbe direction of cloud move- 
ment wa* measured by Mr. Clayton by 
means of a mirror which he invented, di- 
vided to degrees of arc. The velocity wu» 
found by counting the number of <|iiarier 
indies through which the cloud image 
moved In a minute across the surface of 
tlso mirror. He timed the movement of 
cloud shadows over kuowu distances of 
the country surrounding Great Blue Hill, 
and thus practically verified his own esti- 
mates made byr using the mirror. The 
cloudiness at night is recorded by means 
of un ingenious automatic photographic 
apparatus invented by Professor Picker- 
ing, and called llie poleslar recorder. This 
is an instrument io which a telescope aud 
camcm are so combined that tlic trail of 
the poleslar is |4iotogni|>lied. Pussing 
cloud* are revealed by tlic fuel that the 
photographic impression of tbe stars 
course vanishes. Estimate* arc I hen made 
on tbe basis that the amount of cloudi- 
ness in tbe region of the polcstur repre 
Mill* the average amount over the whole 
sky. An alarm-clock doses the shutter 
of the camera at dawn 

Mr. Clayton's measurements demon- 
strate that clouds of all kiuds Boat at 
about the same height in the United 
Stales as at Upsals, Sweden, and at other 
parts of the world where special observa- 
tions have been carried on Cloud obser- 
vations at intervals of u few hours have 
liecn taken during several years in Eu- 
rope at Coimbra, Madrid. Perpignan. Tifiit. 
Turin, Vienna. C refold, Dorpat, and Hel- 
singfors, in Asia at Ukawci and Bombay: in the Eust ladies 
at Baliiviu: iu Africa at Malaueo and Pungu Adongo; In 
North America at Washing! on .Great Blue Hill. Lo* Angeles, 
Point Duttow. and at the I'nited Hlalc-s Signal Service sta- 
tion*; ami in Australia ut Melbourne, thus showing that lire 
interest in cloud science hat heroine general throughout the 
world. It has been found that the highest cloud layer* In 
the United Stale* manifested an average velocity of eighty 
tulles an hour during about two years, uud that the move 



No, J. L'lKKO-C I'M I'Ll S. (FROM FOLK TO SEVEN MILES FROM THE RARTILl 



No. «. CCMVUK.TRKI*. (FROM TWO TO PIVF. MILES ABOVE TUB BARTH.) 


No. a- CVMVI.CS. (VSVAU.T HALF A MILE ABOVE TUB EARTH.) 




50 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. !T?« 


moot of high nir currents I* more rapid in 
America Umu in Europe. A aurfare wind 
velocity of eighty miles nn hour in great 
siorm* off the North Atlantic const is rarely 
experienced. So severe n gale has not taken 
place in thl« region of the sen tine* tire great 
Stew York blizxnrd of March, IW#t In fart, 
the blithest wind velocity recorded nl Great 
Blur Hill. (Ki foot above sen level, and one 
uf the windiest meteorological slot inn* in the 
l' lilted Stute«. is wily seventy-four mile* nn 
hour. These cnmimrUoiw suggest the gout 
vrlneily of Uie up|*er currents. 

Several mereoiologlsts believe that the 
next great advance in mrtcfirolngiciil srienre 
must crime from tlie study of tire upper nir 
cm rents, Mr, ('Inyrein wink* Ihnt the re- 
sults already obtained from Uie study of tin* 
highest cloi’ul* Indicate tltal gWHTnl wenther 
cm millions CRU be predicted n week abend. 
This possibility U due to tlir filCt Unit the 
upper currents are clearly not governed hy 
local causes, but liy general c-*um** ulrendv 
becoming definitely known as acting over a 
wide area. The arcuihlilalinu of brnled and 
moist nir over vnsl extents of territory ran«e* 
a dfaturtiaiice which t* revealed tli-i by the 
swifter moving upper currents, 

Illustration* No. I mid Nn. 2 show the 
kind nf clouds that more the gnraUvd dis- 
tance hi advance of n ruining storm. In Nix 
1 the clouds seen are from seven !•» ten miles 
above llse earth's surface. Tiny nre com- 
posed of Hue linir like fibres, or thin slierls 
of vapor in which the fibrous structure piv- 
domiuates. nnd they thud nt the highest 
level. In No 9 the clouds alt* iibout six 
miles from tliecnrtli.nnd nre devoid nf til irons 
structure except around their edges. Fre- 
quently uo fibres arc visible when large 
musses having luuty cilgrs cover the skv. he- 
cotnitig dense, and obscuring the sun. moon, 
am) «tar«. w developing adat k appearance. iu- 
strnd of iIm- glistening white mx-ii nl high lev- 
els. The clouds shown in No. U are at time* 
found at uonrly as great a height n» tlir rirrm 
in No. 1. In fart the rirrn.f»m»lriM cloud* 
(No. 9) may Host within four miles of the 
earth, and then nguin may reach the higher 
level*. This mottled Hppenrance of the sky 
u*u»!lv accompanies the formation nf show- 
ers. in No. 4 the cloud* are from two to 
live miles nliove the enrtli. They are larger, 
lower, and denw-r than the clouds first de- 
scribed, and when well developed they as- 
sume u globular appearance, with rounded 
bases. The well-known while rolling clouds 
often piieil up to a great height on a bright 
wnrm summer afternoon are beautifully 
shown in No. 5. Threw cloud* arc generally 
characterized hy level or Hut I macs, some 
what rounded or jugged top*, with n vertical 
height equalling their horizontal extension. 
Tliey are Biomlvc. Imposing clouds, from 
which suinrtiinrs, far away, a shower tuny lie 
sceu io fall, trailing like u darker veil of mist. 
The high, while, magnificent tna-w** arc like 
distant rounded utouiitain-lotM, sbiniug with 
the glare of a snowfall. These clouds ate 
usually less than bnlf n mile above the earth, 
and rarely extend a greater lielgbt Hmn two 
mile* above thrir lower surfaces. The low. 
ragged, torn dark clouds that rush along in 
advance of thunder *t»tm* arc not lu-re u p 
resentril. becauw* they arc so difficult to 
photograph, owing to dcllrietd light and 
want of contrast ’ It i« surprising to lind 
that these low (lying cloud* rfrcnm upward 
to a height of iib«n( 90,000 feet, nu-inurcd 
from their lower surface*, which may be 
only a few hundred feel nfaive the earth. 

Mr Clayton's cibwivniiou* during three 
yearn altow that the most ctaudinc** occur* 
at suurive and nt 1 p.m.. and the h-nst nt 
Uru This relative daily doudinee* »p- 
uliea lo all cloud level*, from tin* bright of 
Great Blue Hill (635 fe*u which I* often en- 
veloped in clouds during rain. In the high- 
est cloud*. whirll flual ul u height of ulxml 
30. (HW feet as usually given, ami of 40.000 fed 
a* claimed by Po«y nnd FUnimnri-iti. The 
cloud* one mile high are greulvsl in quantity 
at 1 pm. while IIm- clouds live mile* high 
are greatest in quantity between 4 nnd il 
p M In otheT words, tlie cloudiness. iis Indi- 
cated hy the averages, imgietM* tow aril high- 
er level* Inter III IOC (lay. disclosing the • ffert 
of warm ascending current*. In fact, changes 
in tlir direction of the wind and of the upper 
clouds, us recorded hy Mr Clayton, denote n 
dally expansion of tin* rnrth's ntmnwphrre. 
doe’ to tbe heal uf the sun nctlug lateral I v 
aod vertically 

The in -irked separation of sonic cloud lay- 
ers lias been experimentally demonatmted, 
while ascending a mountain, by Profesaor 
Muller, in Qernuitiy. Tbe lower cloud was 
left behind when lie hail gone upwnnl of 
1-JliO feet, hut high above him Wen* cloud* 
of the middle Inver* at a height of 30,<NIQ 
feet, which noon fa-gnu to darken with mill 

The higher cloud*, when carefully studied 
by Mr Clay too. clearly revealed not only 
the direction but the velocity of movement 
of different cloud layers, Certain port* of 
the highest while Berry cloud- wrre to 
overtake oilier*, showing difference of mr- 
rent or difference of elevation. At anmln r 
time a rapidly inuring current wu« »m lo 
push under another current, rousing At the 
point uf contact Utile cddte* and Minima of 
uir. a* shewn hy the condeiisatinii of vapor 
into delicate cloud filice*. Mr. Clayton ob* 
served tlit* exceptional formation in the sum- 
mer of 1SXC ou February SSI. 1**4 ; Miireh 
S3, HWJ: July 3. 1888; ami on April 111 18*1*. 
He riled an iovtance wlierc heavy pnrliclea 
uf cloud fell lustcit and assumed the appear- 


ance of long fibre* cauaed by decreased wind 
velocity as tbe cloud dropped to a lower alti- 
tude. ’ W but the cloud lUweenda into n mr,rr 
rapidly moving current the fact is shown hy 
the lower mamefl hurrying fnrwaid in nrf- 
vanri* of the main cloud, which is drawn nut 
Into narroner form, ltd* peculiar effect 
lias In-eii nlwi i>Wm->l in (ierninny. 

From the lop of nlntosl every well-dt-vel 
oped shower cloud tbe lleecy fibre* of ll*e 
very )iigbc*t layers ranv l«* *ce« to extend. 
The cloud* observed in No. 3 may wild dU- 
lutbiiig invisible curiciilsof warmer air modi 
higher Ilian I he puiiu shown hy tbe inugtiifl- 
cenl white (UIUWCH. Tbe movement of a pen 
rirnting Imi iriMital current is often din lined 
ul a great height hy the curve of a feuilwry 
cloud Isnit Ixickwiiid while forcing it* way 
thr-High air having a slower movement. 
W lie re tlie rear of a cloud la curved forward 
ill the direction of the line of niuvement a 
decreasing wind velocity i* indicated. 

Flanimariitn, the Fremli a-unmooier and 
meteondogist. elnim* Unit the upper cloml* 
nre from 90,000 to tu.iUHi fret above tlirewrlli. 
and that they nni'isl of minute Ice parti- 
cle*. When (jlai«hi-r, during hi* mrmoruhle 
In IIm mi BKs'ii-iim. July IT. IM9. nllaiiHHl a 
height of 117. •KM) feet |»eveB ml leak he found 
llist the Fiihmdieii thermometer niarknl 
19 C Iwlow zero. At Ihk givat altitude lie 
suw the higlM-st cIoihU Mill far almre him. 
It K however, hy no menu* certain that ill 
these upper ivulons the clouds always con- 
sist of ice parlirlr*. liecause Flnmmaricin dis 
rviverad during several Inlhsiu nsrensiou* 
tliut at very great height* the cold disc to 
elevaltou wn* (H’lirtniled here ami there hy 
warmer Mirums of air. Ilurlug another bal- 
ham awrtwion, on June -Nl. 1 WI,wIm-ii fllai- 
slier had gone up lo a height of 13.000 feet, 
he found an Immense cloud of d» Iw-aie snow 
i-ryMiil* nearly a mile in tliickno*. The 
slight irldr*cetit effect seen when lunonliglit 
illumine* M-iuitrans|Miriit clouds l» donlit- 
lc« caused in a similar way by fine ice dust 
floating In the uir at a gtval altitude, linlo* 
nr be from Hh< same entire. n» shown hy Flam- 
marioti. who demonsiraNcI tlmt they wen* 
due to tin' decDinpo-jti.ui of llglit while Ini**' 
iue ilmmgli iutiiinM-inhlc ice cryMals. 

On August II. 1X90. the upper air currents, 
measured l*y Mr, flay loo from iIm: utnervMl 
cloud movement nliout seven mile* nlaivc the 
earth's surface, were found in this exception- 
al inatnnm to be moving at a velocity of near- 
ly 900 mile* nn hour. A* not more tlinn 
twelve l line* a year do tlieve upper clouds 
move in any other direction ilun from tlw> 
w«t. It follows that u Imlliwm journey nerroa 
the Atlantic (N-caii might Is* made from the 
I'nitrvl States nt a mte of consilient lily more 
Ilian 9400 mile* a day. Flnniinnrioii give* 
nn instance in which * tail loon Miit up from 
Baris lit II P.M. n-iichetl Home nl 7 K »l next 
morning I bus traversing sonihca*-! ndistaBce 
of nearly 800 mile* in eight hour*. The nir- 
rents that might Carry n linlloon irrom the 
Atlantic eastward to Korop* are riitdneed hy 
llie upper t-lornl movemetii*. which show the 
general drift of the atmosphere on n vast 
«wle. Beside drooling the velocity nnd di- 
rection of motHMi of gieiit storms coining 
from tile west, tin we high rl»ltd» rrvenl Hie 
iucreaaiiig or decreasing intensity of inch 
storms, with the tesiiltlugritsirilMilfonof rain 
It hn* I teen found hy Mr flay too (lint curved 
light fleecy cloud* denote the approneh nf a 
Morm of increasing energy, and (hat these 
lilgli cloud* frequently give indicritloiis of 
(soiling rain ill advams- of lairninetnc indi- 
tali-ms nt the earth'* surface. It I* becom- 
ing clear (lint tin- old • fashioned weather 
prophet was in agreement with some of the 
ndvaurni melrorological ineth'aU when In- 
firrecnst the n'euUinr from the np|H*nranrr of 
tlic sky. 

Tlie storm* plottisl on th« went her maps of 
the Signal Service may vary greatly and to 
some extent InraJrulahly. in tlielr riuxion. in 
tensity, and in IIm- itiiexjuTted siuhU-nnc** of 
their cessation. In averaging the more meat 
of »iortn lenlP's then- j* always n marke-l 
element of coutingi-nry. This fiu-t doc* not 
detract from the great value of Mgnul Herrice 
storm prediction*, hrcmise 1 1 a- tiata recorded 
and ilvducthnis drawn hr that organiuitiou 
must la- highly and Ju«tly valued by many 
toniing veiicralinn* of scfentitlc turn Tin* 
weather Kiaps sufiph -ment Hie work of tlie 
cloud student, resulting in rnnilniwd im- 
prnvcmeni in wtallu-r timlictiou*. fom- 
jdete eahlllalhiU-. veiitksl hy later tabulated 
(*impnn*«m« la-twccn the moremrat of storm* 
and that of the upjs-r cloud*, remain yet to 
l«- nuub- from the careful r. -cords at the Him- 
llill ohsetvatnrv. Mr Koleh'a wlmimhlp 
scientific tsuwpriu aud energy have reuiltcil 
in n series of lioiirly olxH-rvathm*. which hy 
tlieir frequeurv. rontinuily. and nccurary 
must be valuable f<sr reference during many 
hundred year* of tnreMigntjoii. 


MASS OX BOARD “LA GASCOGNE." 

It i.* oddly suggestive or *|v>oks nnd pirate* 
lo *ec at half p«-t four in the morning, a 
jiriwewion of eight figures, dnd iri rlark. 
flapping skirts, go stealing, single hie, up a 
ship* gniigway At flii* hour all on Ixmnl 
are HU|ipc»ed to la? sk-eping save the Kllloiw 
up above, ami, below a blue Mouaetl polisher 
of hoots, who i* rubbing «wuy in a distant 
corner under a dim light. 

Very gentle and kludlv tiu'ii are the u|s 
patent cun-nirator*— eight good Cupiicidn 
friar* L.’uud for America Tlieir snndul* 
Bap itrvgiilarly at they utouul the rubber- 


Ismtid stejm that lead lo the music room, 
where a ctrcular opening give* oa the dark 
deserted (lining- hull bcion*. and n rirenUr 
skylight help* to make darkness visible. 
Softly muttering their prayer*, the monk* 
move nlsiut. unpacking two or three hoxe* 
they have brought, ana so making ready for 
five o'l-kick mu** 

The rule* of their order romped tin- Ca- 
puchin* lo travel In-Hu- second cabin, but by 
a speeial arrangement they I lave the u*e of 
the tiiikdc room for curly mam. By live 
o'clock tin- preparation* are completed. 
Good aid Wnr Lndislxs. tin- father of the 
flia-k. U orntvol In hi* embroidered vest, 
ment*; Hm* skylight lias laegiin lo shcil a lit- 
tle light: two tiuy camllrs arc iHirning nn 
tbe imorovked altar, people liave dliwssl In. 
and there nre dark figure* kneeling nil nliout 
the room. When the service* ara over, 
Hmmk> who have taken part -lip quietly avrav. 
Tin? emlwoiilcred robe* nod tlie bright little 
altar disappear by magic. There i. a quiet 
moving nf brown role-*, a new flapping of 
sandals on the stairway, and all I* still. 

Tlo-n suddenly tire 'day light unit- quite 
bright, a French waiter, with a napkin un- 
der Ills arm. Come* tunning up the Mnirwny; 
n tall young man, whose uiMrr all hut con- 
ceal* hi* pajnmik*. follow* the nailer, lo ask 
for lee arid Ajs.lliunrl*: iIm> deck Mewanl 
begin* to sJrepily soil the rug* rm the balus- 
trade. And yon nth your eve*, wondering 
whether you have drr-Mia d a quaint dream, 
nr Wbethev you have renlly la-en lo n five- 
o'clock moos on board drip, and have seen 
the service conducted tty Hie luir* foot filar* 
Ml.N.MK 111 I'MXNAX (tin HIM vs. 


EAST-SIDE STREET MEWIIAXTS. 

Dt RIXO Hie whole rear sidewalk tner- 
rhani* arc acatlerrd ibrough New York 
sln-cts, but almut the holUbiy M-as<in tin i r 
forces are cunct-utrnterl and in a vied in lail 
i cries in particular thoroughfare? Your 
■H-diUcr may have hi* war** in a laisket or 
box occupying the sidewalk, or may sell UL* 
good* from a ram-diacklv truck n luclcl cliee 
to the rnrbsliHic. An Aiurrirwri crowd, a* 
you find It on Grand. Canal, or Fulton Street, 
is invariably goud humored ami novel in 
cllncvl lo vicious malms. Il doe* not qmirn-l 
Uvwiim- of lu-ing huMled. But nevetlWlcM*. 
"hut with the attractions in the shop win- 
dows, where wax ladies In Urilrixitii n<is- 
lumr* an* gyratieg, ami tlie crowd they 
draw, ami the mavt of people on Hie side 
walk selling amt buying, to move ul all Is 
difficult. 

W lent i* kuotvn as ll*o East ftiile in New 
York I* Hie Elysium of the street pcddlei*. 
The good* he offer* are cheap and varied 
For twenty five cents you tuny buv ten dil 
fetent toy*, any nor of which’would delight 
a imrimi] cliiltl. I f you were lavish, ami hud 
n dollar lo spend, a regulation Bagdad por- 
ter would la- wanted lo carry your haul. 
v» liis’li ndglil not la? so heavy a* bulky 
Hwmx* ami candier. gum drop’*, pop-corn, 
dikes, fruit, nre for sale by tin* eurt load. 

There is compel it Ion among the dealer*, 
nnd each one eric* his good* at the top of 
his voice, expatiating ou tbeir particular ex 
eelh-nce ami clieaptic»s The regular native 
fakir is rntlicr of a rarity, and so Hie English 
n*ed is of a mongrel character Tin- tiny* 
wIk» sell ninv he understandatde. bill their 
senior* ib-cidrtllv uninlclligihie. The lan- 
guage is guttural. A man exhibits a toy. 
and rays over and over nguin. " Zcrme/U-k. 
xeemericfc -. but the conclu.-km. "Vive /cuts 
—vim dickul." can la* undcrMood. He is 
■riling the rough print of a boy Muck nn a 
bit of wood, ami there is n wire spring to il. 
You pull a string, the puppet launches out u 
leg, aud a tnarhli! attached to a string is 
hurled into anus*. Tbe muue of that toy i* 
"ice me kick." sod would la- npiirccluiie*l 
by nascent Yale fool bail team*. Thr " «•*• 
me kick “ I? iipiwi-cnHy popular "Tehuinp- 
iltnti-liak*" pri-senlrti’iio difllcultic*, h’l .iiii- 
tlw loan «n* jerking away at tbe string of a 
jumping Jack: and hi* neighbor* cry uf 
" I'owwnw togs! Tog*! Bow wow!" was ul 
once made cb-iir by the exhibition of a ken- 
nel of plusirr-nf- ISiris pug*. Om- old wo- 
man who pitied "Tommy toe* ! lomotyloes!" 
waa Mipgi'siive of tonuluc-. Her diawl had 
fallen over her lML*krl, wi Hint her good* 
were hutifen for Hit* time being; blit when 
she removed the cover, small boxr* of toy 
iloininoes were visible, which you might buy 
for ten cents. No mistake could be made 
ulaiiit ‘ A boat for a penny," for a craft wu* 
exhibited. There wns one fakir who evl- 
dently prld> d htm-elf on Id* recent acquisi- 
tion of English, for he bud a good putter He 
raid, " I buffer for Vutir coii/iderv-liuti n 
gommodlons dree sifory house, wld allca 
modem gcinvenirim-s. for ten »-ul*." Ifi* 
palaver helped his luidnea?. for lie wandi* 
po-ing nf his real eMiile u* fast a* lie could 
lake paper liuiisr* out of hi* basket. 

Mr. \V. A Rogers. wImhw social liking it 
is to have hi- fingers in inurh with the gTcnl 
pulw? of N>-w York. Jw* made u page of il. 
iu-tratioiis showing various type* of street 
mcrcbuut*. particidarty on the ea*t aide. In 
Use middle of the picture is tlie pretrel mini. 
There arc many vender* of i|d* lidlllc -toff 
on Grand Street mid rbcwhcTc, but Mr. 
Rogers ho* drawn a particular one. Boor 
ohi man' He lock* us it he li ,.j n l.ii. r 
day*. He carries a long staff, and on it an? 
slipped Id* premia. A rack, 1 am sorry to 
say neither very white nor rlrnn. i* near him. 
Generally (be Lust preUri, tbe ouc ul tbe 


lowest level, la in rather too close proximity 
with Hie side walk. It might be safer, thru, 
to purchase tbe uppermost prctial He I? a 
silent, a retiring man. and doc* not cry hi* 
adamantine ware. It i- pitiful lo .*ce how 
imtieiitly Iw* *land* of cold night*, doing mi 
little tiualncaa. Mr. Roger*, with artistic 
sympathy for hi* model, believe* that this 
old inun await* certain dentil from exposure, 
‘o ■caiiUIr clod b be, hut that be will lake 
bis final departure only when hl» ln*l pretzel 
is sold. Tlie railing of the pretzel merchant 
docs Dot Weill a profitable one. fur having 
watched Hii* old man for a long time, 1 never 
w» a pnrHiatu-r. Tlie fact is. the wbv. tlie 
whence, the wherefore, or the pteixrl I* nut 
readily umleratnml liy ilu* American iniud. 
nnh-s* i lie publicans, on the one hand, sup- 
port the pretzel busiiu-a from I Ik- thirst il ia 
‘lippie-ed lo engender, or the dentist* l(eciiKM“ 
it i* so dcsirurtlvc of human teeth. Still, 
there stand* the old mini far luto tbe night, 
appan-nriy Impefui that at some time or 
other I here may pas* a Mray drvourer of 

porUelt 

FViirly aggreaslve i* hi* who wlla doll*. He 
criwl In* puppet* in nn Invctwe. defiant way 
Hod at fir*; souudr-d like " Dulifiil boll*": 
twit then, listening cto*wr. 1 innile it out to l>e 
■ ' i it j vui toil*' toll*! i"ii-' loan for • 
(planter. " lie stvjwleil si* wln-n Iw cried 
hi* i lolls that I look him to be n rascal; but 
I wronged the man. A little mite of a girl, 
who was In -tli allured and startled by III* 
bowl, timidly npprnacbfd. mill then the doll 
man's dirty fare wu* cleared with a Miiik*. 
He Selected throe dolls Tor the girl, ami bid 
her pick out ii fourth, which she did. Then 
he raid: 

"No: dat one wa* grackeil. Here ia u 
coot one. Now I sell you this gnicked one 
for t litre rents " 

Well, Hint was honest. Au old woman 
wu* m-ar. and offered three cent* fur the dull 
that wauled rrvpanui»g; but the dealer was 
dmrp. niul rah! "No. you give me four 
Xents for that loll, and 1 no 7*11 ||*r. If y uu 
buy fower tolls for n qunvntrr. I drovr |u 
thiii toll for two rents " 

Never were aucii original colors given lo 
pmnjHi gras-is as may l«e iceii oil Gmod 
Street, nnd for five cent* an uma/ing hunch 
ran la? Uiuglit. Tlie dculer in jiniqiiug 
monkeys cried. "Down *c gn**>; up V 
and he was soon surrounded liv a crowd of 
rhihlren There is a i-lct- Jixikirg Utile Ijoy 
who sell* paper birds with tlieir I kecks, wings, 
and lail* Hisnendcsl front string*. If. mg 
from Hip ceiling of n dingy tvueinerit. no 
limiter how trashy is this poor pap* i thing, 
it Iwings pleasure ntul lire th'-ugiit* of green 
field* and shady grove* and the framing pi- 
gfihs. The lad, through long ptoctiet-, has 
tin- knock of notking bb l>inl*, and they 
seem lo fly, poise, anil la-at the nil with their 
wing*. An old Woman, a* broad ns she js 
high sell* mitten* of all »lze* and color*. I 
mu afraid she n-w* -<-nic guile, inasmuch a* 
she dec dated thm -he had nude them, for tier 
song went: - Minins* mlttius! 1 knit cm ' 

I knit 'em!" They were decidedly not of 
borne production, hut might la- none the lr?« 
servkeiiWe on Ihnt account It wa* tine 
to mt how she look hold of n little boy's 
pudgy fist, a trillc blue frulU lire cold, and 
tenderly put n pair of blond ted lulls on bis 
band*, and aim did it so nicely nnd deftly 
that tbe linir i bap's mother hiuglo-d. nnd 
having paid for llreni, straight away »be 
■ •ought another fwv|» fur herself. And the 
min i*u merchant sub), as -he pocketed llie 
money. "And dal w ns uu estry small baud 
rira got. ma'am; and i don't -w’ll wnnst in « 
week thm «ize for u grow'd wuimui." And 
then nl) hands were delighlrd 

' llank'cb'f*’ IranVroTs!" i* about the 
phonetic wav to spell what one man sells, 
■•nil Hm final "eh f- " ok io alunwd nnd ef- 
faced a* In leave no Impression on tbe car. 
The article* faring lumdkcrebicfs, they stand 
out nma/ingl\ white and fine in contra-t 
with the rurieliniit'* dirty nod coatwe fin. 
grr* The inoiiograiii* and emblrms In 
glowing color* nre startling Handkerrhipf* 
me in good deinund. One man. cleverer 
than bb mates, showed n bottle of Mrong- 
snielling eatencr. and raid : I Iran mm your 

lian'kVh f for ntidding*. Mrk you buietl 
goor " 

Japanese doll* and Jnpetww rattles went in 
grrot ahuiidiince, rind it xs-iurd to imp (but tlie 
lime may come when tire old rhyme may In* 
rlmngcd where make «-m " wa'« npbllcnhle 
to the Xurt-inlicrg mi l "break 'em" to the 
American children. 

The Iota sold by street im-rrbniit* rarely 
change in character, nor nre new fanglrd 
one* in much repute, nml so the demand for 
mrchanical plaything* I* im ter large by that 
cbw uf customers there- mm cater for. A 
certain aurnlx-r of very poor ami trashy ar 
Helen railed '* nsefui on* to he fniiu'il iu 
quantity. A novelty on Grand Street wa* 
offered bv a ulcc-looking uhl woman, who 
wore a pair of iron framed spectacle* Her 
goods were little Holy Fninibc* io pink wax, 
all nicely ihure up In* gln«* laxr*. Sire was 
u silent woman, mid raid nothing nlwul her 
go«Hls. A group of Sic ilian women In purple 
skills, with green silk diamU lied clo-elv 
around tbeir neck* and breast* with their 
block Itair tightly knotted, aud pendulum 
ear-ring*, hived round lire old woman, and 
her stock of Holy Fa mil te* wa* fesaeneil l»y 
two There had la-en sonic (-buffering, but 
from what little I know of thi* peculiar Ital- 
ian f> oM». the iModnooe Sicilian* hud taken 
awuy with Ibeui the grim old woman'* Mcis- 
iug. b p. 



JAM; ART 17, i»J. 


HARPER’S WEE EXT. 


51 


WIND SCULPTURES. 

The wind Is carved nod dimpled 
With sculpture* f|iiuin[ mid rare; 
Strange lewllei*. vines, and fluwt-re, 

A od turrets high mid fair. 

Odd arabesque* nod gargoyle*. 

And dainty flllfFew. 

And pyramid? and nuHintnin* 

By augry rolling sen* 

It'* rich in f*irv laudscupi* 

And pk-amnt garden nook*, 

And castle* und cathedral*. 

And forests Veined with lm«ik< 

When o'rr the land it murmurs 
lu music »*wl nnd law, 

Jt print* then; airy fancies 
Upon tb* sparkling *now. 

H K, MvmmWK ’ 


SMILE VAN MARCKE 

A dwtatcr received January Tilt an- 
nounced the ileutli of Rm ill- van Marche, the 
pupil of Troywu. nt Hyt're*. a |>oii uf tlic 
Mediterranean. Emile vno Mart-fee was Imrn 
at Sevres. France. August 20. )•« Ills jmr 
mis were Belgians, ami as ii child lie re- 
moved wllli them to Liege, wlrere In- re- 
mained until IH47. Being then in Lila twen- 
tieth year, lie returned to tVvrr*. and. ns ills 
master had done, entered the famous porce- 
lain factory. Here hr remained eight year*, 
ami i* ura> not until tie was nearly thirty 
that lie became a pupil of Troy on, who wu* 
a native of it'vrrr Truvon Was tia-u near- 
ly fifty year* uf age. am! tlw greatest of all 
cattle "painters of ui» time! ami following the 
imr line of work. Van Mari kt- won became 
fatuous. and bade fair to rival hi* roaster 
But the crown remained with Triiron, who 
died in ml Van Marrfec wsnever s| adieu 
uf as Ms greatest pupil, During the earlier 
year* of Hi* sut-rx-** Van Mart fee was n con- 
stant cHHitrilnitor to the Union, receiving med- 
al* In 1887. 18611 nnd 1870 In 1Kt;t die I.e 
cion »f Honor w-ns rouf>-md upon him . and 
la 1879 a medal of the tlrst elamat tin* Uni- 
versal Exposition. Normandy wn* hi* favor- 
ite place for Htuilv. although he had a hotel 
In the Rue dc Florence. Para* Pm the |w*t 
two venrs the artist wa» a sufferer from nrr- 
Toii» trouhle, and hi* removai to ll>< rvH «w 
in order to regain hi* lienhlt. He leave* a 
wife and married (laughter. M.vrie Dirlerle, 
who studied under her father. 

You Marcke* tab nt for painting was in a 
measure an inheritance, his father having 
lr*eu u landscape artist and lit* mother a 
1*111. ter of flower*. Hi* paintings were of 
nature, being remarkable a* work* of real- 
ists. They contained the warmth and feel- 
tag of life, anil his rattle might have breathed, 
so faithful was the artist t» lie subject he 
sought to portray. He wn* a muster of rom- 
pusilion, and hi* drawing strong. ll might 
be said that attlm.n In* paintio/t were euai*e, 
b-tt outwit In. landing they nil Ixirelbr imprint 
of the master, la this country tire works of 
Van Marc fee arc well known. Ill* " White 
Cow.” “Cow* in u Pool," nnd "( 'attic " are 
in th« V under hilt ootlectlou in New York, 
and the gallery of Mr W. T. Wallen*. In Bal- 
timore. Tiold* hi* "Study from Nature." 
"(’>is " (bright Sunlight i. "The I’oul," 
■'Thu Approach of the Storm.” and "The 
Mi*lv Morning." 'The Mill Farm "wo* 
purt'lmseil at auction In New York a few 
tpmtt ago for fll,9tQ, mill other of lii* works 
Lave real iml lurge prk-i-s at soles within 
recent year*. Thrr.ughinit the country are 
leuttered a munlicr of his la-sl example*, nnd 
the popularity of bit work l- shown liy the 
avidity with which tlrey are pon-imxrd. til 
all n-tpret* he w u* a wouderfui artist, and in 
the death of Entile van Mat ike the world 
lose* a genius and a master iu his particular 


THE HISTORIAN* KtNGLAKR 
The late Alexander Willitun Klnglake was 
know ii to few uodrr middle age in any other 
rapacity thnii that of tire vi.ltirtiinoii* liisto- 
tiatt uf the in elision of the l.'rimen But hi- 
was n nun of vast energy nnd sinking origi- 
nality, and ill different lfnm» during 111* long 
career lib litomry. intellectual and puiilirid 
trails brought him into prominent m.tiec in 
England. »u the Coatloeot, and In America 
Kinglakr was lx. r n in Taunton. Kuglnud, 
ID 181 (. He wil* i-ihll-alvd lit Klori and Trio 
iiv College. Cambridge, graduating In 1932. 
Ill |.*C<7 he wax " enlksl to live lair lit Lincoln'* 
Inn, "us the English like to*ny of llreir young 
lawyers. F-w nearly n worn of year*, except 
■luring a trip to the Kusl, hr m-i-iiis in have 
devoted liitiiwlf to hi* legal linofc* mid lire 
court*, and i* »uid to have unpim-ii a large 
« tuns eery practice. Kingkike'* literary fiirne 
r»*u u|h»ij two product tons— a Utile book of 
travel* and n history A»iil<- from thin- 
Lc wrote preriicully nothing Furthermore, 
il.eie iwo work* were largely the result of 
two curious accidents, without width. pn-lv- 
ably. the first would never I save liecu publish 
*0. aud the secutnl never have been thought of. 

8bortlv after hi* udint«*ioa to the tior, King- 
lake made a trip to the Hast, i to Cowtau- 
tiaople. Greece, t lew Holy Land. Egypt, etc. 
After hi* return he endeavored to write au 


account of hi* travels, but lie gave It up in 
disgust. A wci>D<i lime he made the ni tempi 
to put hi* imprearion* in piv.per form fur 
puhl lent Ion, but ngwin be fuih-d. and nlittit- 
duneil hi* undert liking " with n heiwnllon of 
utter distiisle.'' Siiioevnicully an inlimute 
frtetnl.wlin wntcoiik-iiipialing a siinilnr jour- 
uey.uskrsi Kiuglnke for an mil line of hi* irav- 
rk A French map with llw course marked 
was sent ia re*iKiu*e. Shortly afterward he 
felt i hoi his friend's ns|ik’*t bud not hern 
very generously complied with Mainly with 
a view ta ease hi* qilnlma, he returned to the 
twice nl. undone. 1 luiwiorniida nf hi* travels, 
iu 'ending to enlarge them fur his friend'* use. 
" 1 tried, "he wrote in his preface, "and tlic 
i)len*ure anil oonfldctwc whir li F felt in *pmk- 
mg to ynu scon made my l.i*k mi easy, and 
even amusing, that alter ii w hile (thuiigh not 
In time for your tour) ] completed die scrawl 
from which this bnok was originally printed ~ 

Tlie Imok wo* given the name of Kutkrn 
— n word taken from the Greek, meaning 
"from the early dawn,” "fruin llw Ewt, 1 ' 
Tlie circumstance* of it* production excuie 
some of Its oddities. What could he more 
startling than these lines from Us Preface? 
"1 have eiHlexTorod to dlsrwpl from it nil 
vwiuahle nuttrr derived from the work of 
others. .. .1 believe 1 may tmly acknowhslgr 
Hun ftmn all deiails of geographical diwsiv 
cry or sulUprarian research, fn.ni fill dlxolav 
uf’’ sound learning and religion* knowledge’,' 
from nil historicnl and scimliflc illbslnttlua*. 
fr-mi all useful statistics, from all |K>lilicwl 
(IlsquMllons. and from all grand moral reflec- 
tion*. the volume is thoroughly free. My 
entire for the hook Is it* truth." Tlie au- 
thor spoke of hlnvrelf os "a brndsirong nnd 
not very luniahle traveller, whose prejudice in 
favor of other people'* notions was llirfl C*- 
nvdlngly slight." and added, "a* l have felt, 
an ( luive written " This mid* like ipira- 
lionahle egoifstn: hut egotism is paiihinnhlc. 
as III tire CIWI! of Curly!*, if there be genius 
hack of it. 

Mm Is a* brilliant as It is different from 
the ordinary book of travel. Tlie accret of 
its value is in tlie fact that it Is a t**ilhg re- 
production transferred to paper of tin- im 
pmaimts which the weird sights uud expe- 
riences of the Orient made up.'ii a yotiitg 
mon of fine feelings Iml of nigged ami |k*- 
culinr pbilusnptiy. There I* tiotldng frara-esl 
or perfunctory alwnl It. U I* the East itself, 
ami it* author Is the mirror and irandatur. 
It* style is conversational, anil we can altnra** 
feel iu it. as we read, tlic mellow warmth of 
a fik'twl. Pir(iireM|iie dcKiription*, humor, 
snrra*m, anil an ititercMitig ilisrcgwirl for 
common prejudice* crowd almn>t every 
cltapirr. ilcre i* a view nf a Moslem i.uxr 
ter of n Turkish city: ll " Is lonely and iJcmv 
lale: you BO tip. and down, nnd on. over 
shriving and hillockv pallis. through the nar- 
row la dcs walled in by blank, wjndowlcss 
dwellings; von conic rant uprari an iqien space 
strewed with tlic black ruins that some late 
lire Iu** left: you p*** by a mountain ofewa- 
srtiiv things, tlic mliliish of ernturir*. ami on 
ilynn see uumla-ra ur big w<df-llkc do/* ly- 
ing torpid under the sun. with limb* out- 
stretched to the full, a* if they were dead; 
storks or crane*, sitting fcarleu* upon the 
low roofs, look gravely down upon yon; the 
still air that you breathe is loaded "with tlie 
stem of citron nnd pomegranate rind* 
scorched by tlto sun, or |aa yim uppraiicJi 
the Bazar) "with the dry, ilead perfume of 
strange splcos."' 

Hi* reprawninlion nf an EngUsiimnn's in- 
terview with h ]suha by iimwds »>f a trau*- 
htli.r U worthy the gift* raf our best liumrar- 
ist*. It is tnsi lung to quote more tlun it* 
iniriKliictmy seutenees: 

*■ I’imiktt. ' Tl*e F.uglkhman I* welcome: 
miMt lilcssisi aninug hour* is tbi*. the hour 
of Ilia cmiing 

•* Ihwji-otutu (to thi Tixtrfiltr). Tlie Pnxha 
pays von hi* compliment*. 

JViwlIrr. Give him my !«•«* compliment* 
In return, and My Hint I ni drlighied to have 
the honor of seeing him. 

" l>r"y>mnu |(» iht Hi* lonlship, 

this Ettglishinnii. I.nrvl of Imnilou, Scuruer 
of Ireland, Suppressor of Franee. has ipdited 
Ids covcminents. nnd left his enemies to 
bre-Atlie for it moment, and Im* cr esid tlie 
liriKtd waters lu Uriel dlsjnil-xe, with n small 
1*1! eternally fnlilifnt retinue of follower*, 
in order that he might look upiri ihc Irrlglit 
rmuitCMMi* of the PiuiiA nmniig Fiishas— 
the I’aslia of the everlasting I'nshxlik of 
KiiragUoliwiknliliiur. 

" 7V.mt.Ve M-> hi* DtYWta .Tflk What <m 
earth have you ts-en mring abiutl [.otiduti? 
The Pasha will take me for n DMS riwkin-y." 

Home of the critics of the lime nun plained 
that Klnglakc's numinctits on PnU -i.ii.- were 
not auflh icntlv minute n* be Insinwrtive and 
were lacking In religion* fervor. It wn* tlie 
purpose of the author In leave *ltrh want* 
tinreiislHsl. Guide-books were cheap, ami 
Bildc llbtorirs were not rare; but to produce 
a book of travels which Would fascinate by 
the vigor of It* originality and the Is-auty uf 
it* diction require.! ability akin in get, In*. 
A lii*l»riiin of the literature of Hir Victorian 
|H'ii.«l ha* dcsrrlJicd fCatim os "the m.wt 
iirilliuiit ami vivid tira.k of travel known to 
onr modern English," 

Klnglflke left his legal prnrtirc and lauded 
with the British army in the Crimea In 18*4, 
It Is uni stared that he come with nnv inlen 
t ion different from that of other KnglNh scen- 
llemeD Who WetU atiXlou* gWtllOM llow 
ever, he toon left hi* companion*, piun.il 
hituvdf iu the raddle, otul uu the Utorning of 


lire battle of the Alma wn* a member of the Wnilaot F Sheehan, who on the tkh Instant 
staff of Lord Raglan, the British Commander was elected by the Assembly of the Stale of 
in-cblef. That erenlng he dined with Lord New York to preside over Its delibc-ralintu 
ItiigltD in celebration of the victory — the during tire one hundred and fourteenth sen- 


"bermc scmmhlc." as It has htro wittily sino nf the UgrsliiUire. W a* no different from 
called. Warm friendship sprang unlictweeu that of thousands of lire youth nf die conn 
them. Clre-uht*t sucre suggraled tlial King- try, He wa* Iwiru iu humble < irnunixtiuicea 
lake should attempt a JiUtoiv of the war in the city of BufT.il>>. N-w York. Educa- 
ted at tlie ptililie srh.MiU mu| at Ht, Juxepb's 
College of llutt city, he studied law in tire of- 


After Lunl Kuzlan * dentil nil hi* p*|'er* ted at the ptihlic srhiail* mill lit Ht, Jiswph'* 
were given to Kiuglnke for thb pnrpime. College of that city, lie studied law in lire of- 
The greater part nf the next thirty year* Ore of Charles F. Tabor -now Aiiomey- 
was devoted to tire prasecuLion of thi* work. Uoireral of the State— anil in 18ft! was nd- 
TUe first vuluoie of (he English edition nr milted to tl»c firm. Two years later he was 
The /j.mw.ui of itu Vriutut: tl» Oripm, nnil elected to th« Aseemldy by h flattering inn 
im Arrmint nf it* /Vugrva* db*r« ft- th< lUnth Joijly. and Iregan hi* term in the LcgUlnturo 
of’ bwH Sttjfiu n,ap|iCHred lit 1808 Tire eighth with David 6. Hill* re-gin.e us Governor, 
anil la*i was published in 1S87. Messrs. )lr. Cleveland having re-igued tire Gubema- 
Har|X'r it Brother* brought out the American tonal chair to mvept the l “residency In 

reiUtun in sis yi.Umre*. the fall of 1883 Mr 11:11 wu* nominuted for 

The literary style noil the intellectual keen- Governor, aud he hod no more ardent and 
nes* uf Kotttru were suftlcbenl to oskiiiv two ciiihusianiic worker on eleciiuu day Ilian the 
qualities important to hi* undertaking His tall, impetuous, pugnacious, nnd honest Buf- 
obserrntiim of ninny of the must thrilling en- falutiinu. Hirer linn that year was re elected 
gngvmeiusgave him a special advantage over in the Assembly bjr a larger majority Hum 
most military historian*. European travel- before, and when the legislature c. livened, 
hr* in the bunting silent mdiliule of lire ile* the Governor threw all the iittlurnrr he poo’ 
ert. a* they advanced with faces hid from scored in favor of Sheehan fur leader of the 
the light, have often believed that they rnulil intuorlly. In this p.i»i»i.>u ids alnluieft were 


hear *onre old fniulllur strain or the ringing devrlopnl and ih-played to the best ndvan- 
of their Tillage liclls, Kingluke* weniory tagr He i* « barn parilauieiitarian. quirk, 
was so vivid that he may often have ima- full of resource, nnd always ready to grasp 
giticd. a* lie wrote, that hr remld Iwar lire the olightcal wivantttge >1 looped bv hi* op- 


shout* of rhnrging soldier* nnd tiie roar of |x.nent‘ 


(wliboii. In nddltfou. be liad tlie jwiUnc.' and a vigorous 
and searching mind of a great lawyer, and ini-ing partisnn 
his material wa* practically romplete. H«> enjoy* tin 

However, lire fluisltvd libtory was not re nominatixl const 
reived without revere criticism lii* Inti- H|ieuker tlian in 
inncy with Lon) ltaglan gave his mind n of the Male, aui 
favorable Idas in that direction, and mono- mnnd I,. I*ltl», 
qiicutly Mrenglhhned his lirastillty to I^mis of lieiug tint y 
N npoln.n He could see uuthing guixl in H|i-iikera wllo h 
the Eni|x-ii>ror lib follower*, and thought >>f *iti<.n. 
the former e*jicciiilly scented entirely tn dc- In ,*p|iearanc. 
prive him of he* lulrer judgiiieul. N.iprtleon Ireighi Hlrlider 


and a vigorous speaker. au.l nu nucontpro- 
inUing part ixnn 

He enjoy* tlic distinction nf having been 
nominatid cuiwei-utivi’ly more fmpictitly for 
H junker titan any lit bee man lu lire history 
of the Mate, and. with the exception uf luJ. 
mnnd I. F'ltls, wlw was elected in 1887. 
of Iwing tin* ynungcn rtf tli# seventy -one 
H|h«kew Wllo have fllhsi tbi* bnuonibUf po- 


rive him nf bmauber jndgureiil. N:qiul.s>n height, slender bill nmo iilarty built, with a 
scnUal tire reflect upon hltnuelf by for- frank, open eiptXMlm. dear blue err shud- 
iMil.liag the sale nf the liimtry in Franee, owed by an overbanging lirow. HU man 
Not a few insisted that the work win Inez ncr* are cordial aud liu*innivUk«, U* prv 
cum hi v lengtiiy. To many tlu-re may Ire •’ 1 * • ‘ 

mom fur criticism here, especially when it is 


mom Inr critlrnsin here, especially when it is U equnllv divldrsl between 
twited ilnii the third and fourth volume* of lead* ntuf thore whom lie up 
lire Kuglidi edition gave lire history of just staris lv a oommiuec in (he 
thirty live day*. One critic made the uinu*. that of Halt to Way* and 


owed by an ovcrhangit.g lirow. Hi* man 
nsr* are cordial aud li.isiuravlikc, U* prv- 
*eni« in«pire* cont)dcn<'i-, and blfl popularity 
U eq i inlly divldrsl la-tween UlOM. Whom be 
lead* arid thore whom Ire qipoara. There i» 
m-arix-ly a oomioilten in the A«embly, front 
that nf Halt to Way* and Means, that he 


Inge*! I in Hie that a clorely printed duodecimo has not w-rvod upon, and in all be has left 
pxgc was .'■United to lire event* of every the imprere. of n man txmUoIlctl by con 
forty-eigltt hour*: relrntlous motive* and a determinatwa al 

Tl»e». like many orirer and more weighty ways to do tire right thing lu tire right way 
criticisms which followed the publication of at ibe right time In all lire vU-huti (tides of 
lire diffeiviil volume*, are, after nil, not Very a public career. In the turmoil und strife of 


lire different volume*, are, after nil, not very' a public career. In the turmoil und strife 
serious, and atw likely to lie lust right of af poliiieal cantprilgu*. ht* Integrity has nnv 
let the lu*UWT trike* its permanent place in lict-n impeached or hi* word doubled, 
literature Tin* two in not Important iilln- His home irews|ai|rere are already putting 
hides of a good history are correct o*-*- in bint in tlic Ik' Id for the n.unlntniou for Lieu 
slnlomctil of fart* and n pli-using originality irimiii Governor this fall on lire Democratic 
in style. Btimed judgment, pereonxl favociP ticket — a promotlnn which will very largely 
Ism. and even a lack of proper proportion# depend upon ins record iu the apnken 
can all lie |umiiiily Corrected by lire reader os chair, 
lie progren***; Ilitydo not necessarily virl- 

ate the narrative Tlic*c twn rsM-ntial ijunli- CONTENT 

lie* are especially prevalent in Kinginke's his- 
tory. He Iras hi any utbef wrong pninls, but Mv day* have ls:«i eo filled with happinc 
a fuller cUaracieriziUinn of Kinglakea bUtor- That sltoold the balance of tuy life 
irwl work may best be left to a brilliant fellow 
historian. JttMln McCarthy ; " It show* nun v 

gleams of the poclie.and it lu* *mir of the I" naught but woe and unrelieved dUrre 
lightest and bnllerest sntarical passage* In the 1 still *lumkl live in sweet and bh 
llrerainre of onr time. The diapicrala which content 

Mr Kingluke goes oat nf hi* way to dnterilie 

tire character and the companion* of the Km- , . ... . 

peror Napoleon III. cut like corrodvc acid. Tire pkamire* I have touted cannot dre- 

. . .They (sonic rhapl«r*| are nnd for llreir The memory of my joy* most ever la 


That should the balance of tuy life ire 
‘pent 

i naught but woe and unrelieved disiro**, 
1 still should live in sweet and blest 


peror Napoleon III. cut like corrosive ncid. TIm ’ P***"”™ I «»«>* ^ic— 

. , . .They (sonic chapter*) are nnd for llreir Tire memory of my joy* most ever lost, 
style, »ml m.Uung more.... It hire lilrioryl Miw ran Fate wring from au one bitter 
I* brilliant: it I* powerful; it I* fall of thrill- ^ 


Kluglakc'* career in the II. 
mon* r. vrnsl a | wrio.l nf 
altout eleven year*, la-gin- 
ning in 1 837'. He wa* 
most ninspicuoOs in cuh- 
iicction with tire question* 
of tire Cnnxpirary Hill, of • 
the Ottfhnri. and of 
Vknrit* ft ijtnrftf A* wn* 
nut und with nne having 
hi* views Of Napoh-on. Ire 
Rtrougly ilcncainccd thr nn- 
nexnti.ai of Nice xud Savoy 
to Franc*- lu lfOtt. His 
gift* were not suitaMe fur 
a successful parliamentary • 
career. He wa* never alibi 
to reuricr a suffU-iently 
strung following lu give 
hint the moce** which b«- 
desired. 

Fhki>kkic Bamckoft. 


Jobs Kend&ick Bangs. 


- 


WILLIAM K. 
SHEEHAN, 

In llre*c dnV» of kah-ido- 
M-opic politics" a young man 
barely thirty-one years of 
age, who ha* Iohmi chre«-n 
by tbe Mine muxtiturnc-y to 
serve tlreni fur seven terra* 
in the Slate Fregi*hiture. 
who has been selected hv 
hi* party fur five sin-ei* 
•iVe m-refuti* to lead it uu the 
flour uf the House again ‘C U 
Rwilexa, reaonrecful.and ng- 
grwwlvc nisjnritv. must ims- 
m-*» i|unlitM-« other tliuu 
Uiox of the eudCWMiul pul 
Ittcbu. The early life of 


b 



52 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1778. 







"Till'd why did 


- A P^ ro ^i ,c i ^qunbnnd grinning right lank 
11 " r ‘ “* * * " “ *“ * ’ *‘ l I Uxidcrmitt. one lone 

and bear Spot Nark 

.curled iu a plenmuit 

-ormrljr heap of ami fort, could regard myxlf a* 
Wonted and happy u an Kogliah lord— 

ui Attiirlmu girl. 

K. K. MrKxrtTmcK. 


you giro It up?” they carrot without ilitturtilng the dreamy repose tu tbe glawi eye» of Hie 
would nek. *'*"■' 8 ®“P ®F ha-*: 1 c*mW gather Killury Pekin duck, a 

tor lire mow chicken* viibwit a elms*. and apple* with- playfully at it. while I. 
reason that 1 itbwn- out a pole; and could silently and serenely heap of ami fort, coul 
keep. ftintcmplan the cabbage exposed to public JwtWil w 
;ne. 1 would reply, view with a retail price oe its lu-.nl. ./when he 

wmlisig "la« wr. Sty WTOM a qT W g u^ , cov -red with eUow- 


FARMING. 

, ■ — X X ji^^jchiiMHt) 

I T was a source of great relief to ua wlu*-. 
we oace more sow the weary, drfealad 

rtampioB of wtataiOa duly arUldishtxl in to change __ . 

” u * - s -— — * wlini 1 banesily believed from toy knowledge 

of the subject treated. K» Iy. tnkt-tt ■<* a w bole. 


Is It a 
rule to (flapungn 

book-keeping in n 
mllil way, that I 
mlgblreem Mire o»cr 
it n occupation that 
really was the cause 
of my contented 
stole of mind, and 
ftt il: ii Mine lima 
create the imp rai- 
son that 1 waa the 
rlotim of keen tlis- 
appointment iu not 
befog able to con- 
tinue in the balmy 
fslb of «*rl culture. 

1 still bud tlie /’uipA 
and film* on my table, having CO ad dreed 
sufficiently valuable to risk the publisher* 

" nddme, that 1 might enjoy 


dered to do Noth by ered Persian mg. would he the flower bank 
tbo isoetora. One into which 1 could sink with a sweeter for- 
doctor nd vised me getfultHw than I ever knew on nature's 
to dni{i the pea and BW*rd. And there 1 cxiuld dream and dream 
Uke up the lux- — when out engaged inn mod pursuit ufter the 
another told me to aeren resits neoeaaaiy to bsdnoce tlw books of 
~iM<g up the hoc Bsn i Ux. S mi t h , & 8miU> — and wand«r in fancy 
and seek refuge in by the margin* of lisping runnels Infringed 
rlie pen. ami in each with dewy Bowers, and gently sloping mead, 
caw I w ns an ohedl-vows sweet with the non gs of Wrdt. I could 
cut patient,” 


about the finest and Uveliwt specimen of alj 

tbe humorous (mhiunUoas estun;. . . ... 

Whenever an agricultural play was put on see the sun rise nujcsticaOr above the wood £ “^ dlri ! te a °' r '» lu ’^r ingredient*.' 

' ’ ’tom* respowive to the crow log of the lordly Bhang- fcv ***.*’nsups. 


PHYSICIANS HAVE FOUND OUT 

Tbst a rrmtsmlnstloo nod foreign .lement la i|>, 
btood. dsnloiw) by liMUgntimi. te Urf tm * c f r ^.„. 
Distlim. Thin nrtcln njion to* Mnsltlv* auls^ataiie- 

oMS omvUw of tb* nn»de« *ud llpimeot* of tv, 
rolet*, canutng coustsul and rfaltuiig |*ln, nod nei-ru. 
eaiUg aa a tnlcueota, chalk; dc«**slt which yno- 
dntea stlffm** ui distort «m of the Joluta. jc u £«{ 
which extwrlnxe but doncm.lnlcd Su wnrd to 
Il^ieltcf'a fluwsrh Bitter* h*» slnwgtr mtdeiKe 
t.. asrport tl.au Ihb, namely, ihoi Hit* mudlnne of 
rumpreaeiutre uu rt-rk» tl.r fonnldable and atro- 
Him* dlrnue. nor I* It l*a» poalttrel; eaiabllibcd that 
1* |w*ft<r»bW lo th« ih.Iumw often m 


tlw stage «e made it * religious duly t. 


*** °««» *>» f u r * rapturous hai, and observe it ret with a brciul'm 
sturly of it* vwlslinilllude. ,.r hide of tsftod grin heblod the old Iluirii windmill, 
It. But in truth 1 cured nothing for ami cute it* buy ttruu relemp ugttlnal Sol's 
forming stnw lxHng inltmtcd into iu bflre.iiigc.juuUnaiice I could dream of even 
mysteric*. I cared 


Rally Urey fail, 
tbe city uutrkoU 
are tlwayu orer- 
stoeked, { did 
not can If the 
whirlwinds tore 
(he topknot foli- 
age oil tbe tur- 
nip* of rtureia. 
or tbs beans frotn 
tire gaunt n ml 
scrawny pole*. 1 
could *it in my 
air - tight, snow- 
proof flat. and puff 
tbe roocn full of 
Mints wreaths 
of >mi he from a 
lobftooo *> . spicy 
that it would be 
difficult for me 
to IwUeve Hint it 
ever grew in the 
country, for Ike reason 
that In the rural dta- 
Iriols I had never 
fonnd any fit for use 
in n corn • cob pipe. 
Ami w Nils I looked Id 
the airy cloud* of r 


mus. WftrsiowTs tonrniNo syhi'p 
'•™ »**d S.r mar fle* >r*j» b. noiltm 

nben fur Ubelrrhlldreii «Mlu inrtlilnii. with pr 


A GOOD HKIUTATIOX. 
b*"»<«UL Tmamm* b4»e tMau brdec 
'V psWIe ■*»; and »rr r-ro.r.brrr ukii-u b 

»dffwJ (•» ”* Hie beat re~.tr fur all tftr»*t Uoablc. 
1 1«7 ♦ikkly irlW-T.i (''«>**«. horvThnul, »nd Bruiirbl- 
»I Aawl>®» rrkf. *v rent*. Po* a*A arerrwtMre. 
and only in wna-Mdr.] 


BltowMB HormRnot.il i'aj<aok*. 
"THR UltKAT PAIN KKUKVKN. - rune 
I'ruspt, tulle, colila; nl! (wlua. » ci*. a bi>l|l«..| 


Once more I had the jdeastsre of seeing 
PhUlsdft in tht attitude of a il.it wife, and 
8pn< essreWng m of old on tbn wimlo«v-«iri. 
and capering up and down our rooms, ar- 
ranged, of course, in tandem, or Indian file 

rtyltL 

Wboit I had to muxla down town s|| nlglit w , , ly . 

*--.»«,»a w »«» «»•**•«. t. b&f i„m, .„u ,i.v 

- T would In: | XT- '>r la no* indepeodeni, etcept in tbe irnagkia 
rtcily willing to tiou of the p.*«. Aod from these plcwraot 
•in nn« vision* j coc Id wake..nnd nbscmi, as a last. 


<lo Buy formiog 
i I ll.r fut-in- lit 
the cornsT gro 
crry. where the 


ing memeoto of our erpedencr at Three . 
Nett, perched upon a l*)«( of flnelsv just 
above my o*kcti willing desk, a* w hite as 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 

ADf’gJrm/.YG RA T9«: 

WkaA Covet Pair*, jvr Uiw.aaHt mn-rr-an. |r :$ 

Bauk Cover Page, jor law, each hi(vrt:«m j 

Sr mod (hirer I'lljr. jer Hue, rich insert lun ) fS 

Thin) Cover Pace, per line, rises lascrlioa J iy> 
Bird*! Kendlnc Nottees, per ILur.rarit inmrtloe. * :<■ 
CitMt TAarttu-r at » AM l 
DiaciHiat-*M * within nne you, of the 

*!>•*• tot 

“ '• 11 InsertWf , within one year, of (hr 

" "IB lTi*mlnllf. wlthtll one ynr, Ilf ISr 

»»■•» »JWOf fllg 

" " M lurerlioiis, wuh’tn <ne yrur, <>l thr 


HARPER'S PERIODICALS. 

Fan Tx*at 

HAHPntV MAGAZINE.. IWnje /*.«. >4 (Si 

HAHPRIiB WEEKLY - «m 

HARPSUB BAZAR « 4 Rl 

HARTER'S VWtINO PBOfU... « SOI 

Bividttltr’M am* /\*ri*«*Vn owoltf j mttv Mibtrrij- 
rfsaa, AWAam>eiMa suit ifrrrrf r» (hr jniMi-i-<s titmll 
be «w*wsji«iifnl hy /M-oJfln So/y Onhr ux 

A If ItAKPERfl CATAUiGt'E, Id bciwceu the** 
and fell IhnoMiid m'.giritr, mailed on recv'pt of Ten 
Cr=t» In roeugc-iRiwps. 

IIAltFliU k BROTHERS, Nan- Vans. 


Wftlcli the Irrc whose br.mchf* bent boumth finest spr'clmcna of cvcrv- 
their great luifik-u of chickens, tbinc duvirnbte atul green 

" ll< n fy friends c*ure uromul and asked cnuld nlwav* lit hud on 
me how 1 Uk«l farming- 1 waxed enlhaiu- appllcAtiao, aid where a 
octie, anil told litem that it nm the only crop failure would ever 
genuine purauit cvt.mi In Hirt, I spoke of la? an unknown nunniitv 
It more warmly thin I did when I flr*t There I onild imd the 
thuught of cmhrALtDg it u* an occupfttloB pumpkin in ltd natural 
cotnhining phanme with business. state, or formulated lulu 



BETWEEN-DECKS-Old and New. 



BY HENRY LOOMIS NELSON. — ILLUSTRATED BY R. F. ZOGBAUM. 

V 




T ITE dap of the old wooden walls- the wooden 
walls of America following the cxa.nplc of tbo 
wooden walls of England and of the rest of tbe 
naval powers of the earth— are over. Old tailors 
and lovers of old sea-literature do not like tbe 
change. They seem In think that the poetry of the sea and 
of the old war ships Is doomed, and indeed Charles l>ibdin'a 
songs and other songs, so far na they are inspired by the 
helpful or the retarding gales, will have little meaning to 
the hoy wlto knows nothing of cnnvna, and to whom a riiart 
signifies a short sparless pule with a protected station mid- 


men sang. When Hereward and hi* crew were followed 
by the witch whale, the outlaw sang, cheerfully: 

•Ujlillj the •ong swill 

Uia alter tempests, 

ttfljly tbe aanxleaaa 

CIS.™ after rain. 

la labor tad Suing 

■Am luck <■! all aaortata; 

rnul slnd* and liilll olu.li wives 

Tnj womno sioua." 

And again: 


r auim-avumin 
live unun, u-Xh-Illigtlted, 

TucHbor «*1I dls." 

It is out of the life of the aca that the mmnmt of the sea 
comes. It la what happens " betweeu-deck*." not the form 
nor the mnterlal of which the vessel is composed, that U the 
subject of songs, and some day in tbe far future, when llie 
roaring hot things in tbe hold are thoroughly understood, 
and when tbo sailor has grown accustomed to looking up 
witliout seeing the maze of ropes and span, there may come 
other figures of poetry to his imaginative mind than those 
suggested by the wanton winds and the swelling nils. And 
yet it would he hazardous to predict that such would be the 
case in this day. when poetry u deserting the material world, 
and plunging into psychic groping* 

There wero certainly between deck happenings on tbo an- 
cient biremes and triremes. Even in the one-decked galley 
there was a space between the keelson and the deck, but no 
one lived there. It was like the hold of a modern vessel— a 
place for the storage of provisions, the supply of which, for- 
tunately. needed not to be great, for the one decked galley 
never ventured far from home, and provisions were renewed 
every day. As for the bigger vessels, the crew * probably 
ato ami slept on their rowing benches, and at that they took 
their meals as comfortably as many modern sailors take theirs. 

In ancient days there seems to nave been built a great war 
vessel by Archimedes for Ilicron, the King of Syracuse, 
which must have been as unsafe as it w as ambitious and ex 
travngant. It was not only a fighting ship, hut it possessed 
even more splendor than the most sumptuous American 
steam boat. Being the work of Archimedes, It was. of 
course, replete with curious and ingenious mechanical con- 
trivances Its interior arrangements, with which we are 
now chiefly concerned, have been thus described: "The 
middle deck had on each side of it fifteen npartments for 
dining, each furnished with four couches, such as they used 
to lie on nt their meals; and on tbo same deck was also the 

5 lace for the accommodation for the mariners, whereoo were 
ftoco couches, and threo large chambers for men and their 
wives, each having three beds, next which was the kitchen 

for the poop, the Doors of all which were paved with mosaic - 


coptade of fresh water; where there were also several arlior* 
of ivy and vines set in hogsheads of earth. whose mole were 
watered in like manner as the plants." Were cut mariners 
so well housed and circumstanced as these? This brief ex- 
tract from the description of the ship gives but a faint idea 
of Its glories. There were cabins for the marine soldiers 
(they had marines in (bow for distant days); and ‘'twenty 
slu tiles for horses " (horse marines also were apparently not 
unknown), and In tlie forecastle (what a glorious forecastle 
it mu*t have been!)" was a receptacle for fresh water marie 
of pluuks, well lined with doth and pitch, which held two 
hundred and fifty-three hogsheads; and near that waa a 
well, lined with sheet-leud. which, being kept full of sen wa- 
ter, nourished great numbers of fish." 

This ship was loo big far the shallow harbor of Syracuse, 
BO Micron sent her as a present to Ptolemy, siiruatnrd Philo- 
pator, King of the Egyptians, and her uome was changed 
from SyntcuM to Aleraudria. 

The luxury of marine life 1* illustrated In this palace, wlih 
its baths, its sleeping-rooms, its couches, Its banquet halls 
with all the devices that could he invented by the pleasure 
loving, sensuous Greek*. It was all iu keeping with the soft 
nirs and smooth waters tbut kissed the purple hills of the 
Mediterranean and Ionian ocas. 

Manners and habits were different in the northern seas. 
There not only waa luxury wauling, but common comfort 
was despised. There was no life between decks on a Scan- 
dinavian draka or sueksr. The deck on which tbe rower* 
oat was movable, and beneath it there was little room for 
anything In-tide* tire boxes of stones and other weapons with 
which the Vikings killed their enemies and their quarries. 

Commodore Parker, in his very interesting work on the 
galley period, aays that “it seems to bBve Been their [the 
Norsemen's] custom to make a harbor every night, and sleep 
atbore under Hit*, or ships' tents; but when necessity obliged 
them to remain afloat, the rowers found a shelter nniliMiips, 
under ' tented * awnings, while the officer* am* petty oBicer* 
took refuge under the poop and foTecostk- decks. In some 
of the filial of tlicir vessels, however, there was n poop 
cabin occupied exclusively by the captain or commander in- 
chief." 

The Greek mariners evidently thought much of personal 
cleanliness ns well as of pci-tonal comfort, if we arc to accept 
as evidence of that the presence of abundant water on booni 
of Iho AUsaiutrin. But the Norsemen did not cure for the 
dainty customs of the South, and when they were on their 
long voyages after conquest or plunder, they got atuug very 
comfortably without changing their clothe*. 

Whe n McrrwanI rrtimnil to Bruges nflcr winning Mare 
Swallow, and waa ushered Into the presence of Torfrida in 
the guise of a lieggar-iniin. Charles Kingsley tell* us tbut 
"his shirt was browu with gore and tom with wound*, and 
through Its rents showed more titan one hardly healed scar, 
lit* hair and heard were all in elf locks, and one heavy cut 
acroM the head had shorn not only hair, hut brain pan very 


work. wherein was represented die whole story of the Iliad; 
and suitable to so rich a floor wo* the workmanship of tbo 
ceiling and door to each apartment. On the upper deck 
wa* a place for exercise, awl a fine walk, wherein were sev 
rial garden idols furnished with plant* of all kind*, which 
were watered by leaden pipes laid to them from a great re- 


close. Moreover, any no**, save that of Love, might hare 
required perfume. . . 

" ■Hereward," said Torfrida. a week after, "and did you 
really never change your shirt in all ilud time?' 

•• ‘ Never. 1 kept my premise.’ '" 

But these fierce, dirty sailors and warriors were the sul> 


enemies w ith ordnance tl 

“ Wo sailor men don't like 'em." said an old navy officer 
of the last war, referring to the modern vessels of tbe ser- 
vice. “ We don't like cm They ain't llko ships to us. Wo 
can't look aloft on them nnd sec anything. When we sailor- 
men look aloft, we like to see something We like to see the 
sheets and rigging. When wo'ro in a storm, we fool safe if 
we can stretch a bit of canvas. But there isn't any canvas 
on these thing*, and there is a great big roaring thing down 
below that we don't understand, and I don't boiicve any ono 
does, and that's all we've got to stand by. No, I don't like 
'em. I like to tee something when I look aloft." 

There wa* poetry and there was misery within the old 
wooden wall*. The misery came from man's tyranny, and 
the poetry from man's heroism and love of the free life on 
tlie tea. They who are descended from the old Nome Vi- 
kings and Berserks have within their veins blood that runs in 
rhythm with the fiercest passions of the Northern m The 
softer waters and sweeter breezes of the South have produced 
great navigators and enterprising tra- 
ders. but they have oot I trough l forth the 
mighty mnu’of war. whose contests with 
the tempest and Die waves filled them 
with a thirst far their combats with 
men, and for the glory of overcoming 
their enemies on the wide wastes of 
water. 

Not that the southern nations have 
not die daring of their craft. Tbe Egypt- 
ians. the Phuraictans. the old Greek*, all 
made memorable voyages, and encoun- 
tered and overcome perils. Sails are said 
to have been suggested to the Egyptians 
by Inr. and we Know the splendor of 
thoae decorated wing* which bore tbo 
burk of Cleopatra out of the fatal battle 
of Actium. It waa not that hark, how- 
ever, which Shakespeare described. It 
wa* when she went to meet Antony 
that 


She had purple sail* at Actium. but 
whether they were "*o perfumed dial 
the winds were lovesick with them “ tbe 
poet does not tell us. The cnchiintrcM 
was able to lure Antony out of the fight, 
however, for lie fled after her “ like a 
doting mallard." 


cries the Egyptian queen, and Antony 
answer*. 

'* Roc', mo* hnewlrt too writ, 

Mr ttesrt was I" tlijr r»J.Vr tint l.r tbs slrlug*. 

A 1*1 tlidll steiuldst tuw me alter * 

Hall sound* very little like dte hoarse 

cries of tbe northern sailors, who re- 
joiced in the sea for It* own soke. loved 
their ships for their stonclineta and 
■wlfloi-a*. loved them for the free life 
they led in diem, and for the opportuni- 
ties they offered them for fight arid plun- 
der. Their Balia wero never fearful. and 
no Norseman '• heartstrings gut entan- 
gled with the rudder of it fleeing charm- 
er's, They were made of different, 
stronger. and wilder mnterlal. Tlie mail 
sea that dashed upon their rooky roasts 
was their eharaer. It took them in It* 
strong arms, filled their hearts with both 
iu Madness a ltd it* lovely gentleness, 
mreosed them like a lover, waned wlili 
them like a jealou* Fury, ami when it 

:n it* secret place*. 

Out of this life bos come the poetry' of die life which Ira* 
Us-n led within the wooden walls of the northern nations. 
And shall die poetry reuse to be because those wooden walls 
have changed to rteel? 

It waa tbs manhood bred of the tea of which the Norse- 


SUPPLEMENT TO HA] 


54 



jecU of much poetry. It «u Oltfi fleet— the fleet that dextruyed 
Loudon Bridge— which inspired tire " Scald's Song": 


ril with iron*, flung into a boat, stolen from his wife aud family 


ng „ 

mayhap, knocked down once more by n midshipman, arid dragged 
to the must for punishment before Ida wounds v ' * * * * 


The Omit ll<irry. built bv Henry VIII.. the founder of the 
British navy, was the first ship of 


• healed. And 

vet these song* were snug before the men had hammocks to swing 
between decks, tiefore lubles for tbeir mess were thought of. before 
it entered into the bends of the authorities that decent food. decent 
clothes, decent treatment, were necessary, nor anything very much, 
except grog; and of that there was an overflowing and uncun9clon- 
aide iilmndanrc. I'erlups one may guess the reason for the con- 
tent ansi eren the foyoiisnrss of the old sailors from that breczv con- 
fession— or boast, it may be, if you take bold Jack's point of view 


nun's life mud have felt the exhilaration of the sea. 
never went to sen. tutd haring looked upon the dive 
forecastle, he concluded that no one would go wb 

cnnui’li Li in* I inln tnil tt..i II- T..I. 


rnougli U» get into Jail. But Hr Johnson a bn l 


Scotchmen bud no wir nor appreciation of it. 

The man who enlists in these days b 
trrx if be Is fortunate enough to lie sent to" the li 


»■» days has very couth 

----- -r.b to be sent to the it 

otlserwisr he may I* cramped for room, hut that Is i 
have good fond, well cooked, tutd there will be absniut I 
in bis surroundings. When lie L III. lie will have ev«, 
that u skilled surgeon (au give him. aud the sick-bay Jj 


that service. It was a most com- 
plicated and striking structure. It 
was a three-decker, with the addi- 
tion of an enormous suprrxtrucli 


e poop and fore c a s tle. Prom 
every available spot guns protruded 
- fair- ms. dumi cannon, satires, min- 


ions. and cannon petmnels. ThU 
wns the first great sailing ship of 
war, the predeo-aaor of thoae that 
afterward made their way from 
Spain in Ik Armada. Prom ibis 
type am developed the man-of-war 
of wood which endured until the 
Monitor abiolutcly revolutionized 
naval arch i lecture so far as con- 
cerned WOT Vessel* The spar-deck, 
the gun deck, ami the berth deck 
Istcnmo poMiblc, And caeli deck 
lias had its laws and traditions, 
fnnn the ipiartcr-drck down to lit* 
orlop, for n lime whereof the mem- 
ory of man runneth not to the con- 
trary. 

It is not essential that we should 
weary ourselves with searching into 
the mnnncr of life in those old i*ea- 
si-!», whose voyages were generally 
short, because every day on tins 
ormn threatened the life of ship 
and crew. Life ever} 1 where in that 
obi time was scant of comfort, al 


c glory of many blows and of 
much gore. Between decks In the 
vessels of the Armada, or in those 
which Sir Walter Kah-igti dp Essex 
commanded, could not have Iwcn 
pleasant place*, and would doubt- 
less nppr-ar to the fastidious officer 
of a modem navy as past redemp- 
tion. 

Dirt bred disease aud violent 
plagues theu as It tloes now. Iwit no 
one knew it then People mistook 
dirt for a visitation of Providence, 
and os kings and emperor-, and 
rvctl popes of that ancient day had 
not as cnmfurUble beds as t Im> Irish 
constabulary now throw out of the 
mud cal ii ns of evicted tenants, the 
sailors did not grumble about the 


fulfilling tiir full duty of a first rate 
Jock to find fault with everything 


a chance to break % 
head, 

There is little likeness between 
Ibo life in the ship* of our own 
time and in those of England three 
hundred years ago. nor i* there 
much resemblance between life now 
and a hundred years ago. when 
press gang* flourished, and when 

* ... - I. M ... i ... I. . ,1... .. I- 


Marry at and Smollett have made us 
familiar. 

The cruelties tbot were prac- 
tised on those obi ships of war are 
not. however, to Is- charged to the 
officers alone. Hie government 
and the Admiralty had a gi-id deal 
to answer for. Roderick Random's 
commanding ottlcer iusUtcd that he 
would have no sick on Ills vcasel. 
and ordered men on duty who died 
with the first effort that lltc tyrant 
compelled them to make; hut if we 
ore to luke Mmofiett's description of 
a sk-k bay as accurate, fatal work, 
or even suicide, was preferable to 
Its fetid atmosphere, A sick bay 
of tin obi man of- war was bleated 
with neither light nor air. and the 
poor fellows who were confined in 
it, some of Hum suffering from 
wounds inflicted by brutal officers, 
hud very little attention frutu the 
surgeon* or tlio surgeons' mates, 
ami often that little could well have 
been spared. Everything is differ- 
ent now it always was very dif- 
ferent in tlie American navy. whose 
suitors were first found among the 


free and very imh-nemh-nt fisltcr- 
i of Cape Cod uud Marble- 


ON TIIE OUKDEC* 


bead. 

Ami yet. notwilhstiuiding all 
tbeir hanleldpa. Ilie sailors of the 
olden time — such i* the in llu- 

cnrc of the sea. miii'Ii Its freedom, ami such the wonderful slim 
ulus given by salt nir to the imagination — were able to sing those 
ho|M-fiil mill voeiferoua wings in which a little cherub is stuted to 
lie silting up aloft keeping watch over poor Jack. 


-interpreted by Dihdin, and concluding with tboie memorable 


“Jiek italic** anil stnps, suit 1* itni* nmlinl; 
!■ Ill* «•»» t’> til* IM fc*H br’rr'luil k*r; 
an****'* nil *p»wt- 


t -vlal lift 
■••I s frnwd. 


One waukl lianll.v expect to hear threw cheerful srntimenta 
fioui a man who liad l*ui knocked down by a pres* gutig. iuud- 


Whoever shall understand the apparent vagaries of a seafaring 


light ami well ventilated a* Ibe vessel nnd the state of the «< 
at ares will permit. Of course life al wa cannot be wholly p 
fortnble US life ashore. Even an admiral, in his military •:« 
Ins liig cabin, is not surrounded with the luxuries that •>. I 
his house. But one who love* the oca and the service li- mil 
many eotniM-usutinn* fur the discomfort* winch hr b c ii* 
undergo when lie is doing sea duty. 

Ill the greal old frigates and fit* of tiaUie ship*, with *b> 
remler* of •.* fighU are nwwl fnmiliar. the men lived on ‘I* 
U-rth-di t k, nearly every purl of which was visible fn.tn >• - t 
of the ship. The great masts, which stood like column' 1 
inUbllc fore and- af I line of the dok, constituted about U* v f 




;VAL OF CiyiUZATj^ 


) 


IN THE TRENCHED AT FINE IUDQE.— From a Sketch taker os the Spot. 



NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JANUARY 24, 1891. 


THE SIOUX OUTBREAK IN SOUTH DAKOTA. 

BY PRP.DBIUC KEMINUTOM. 

Wic discussed III* vague report* of the Wounded Knee 
fight in the upper rump* of tlic cordon, mid old bunds ukl 
it could bo no ordlnan' affair because of Ihe largo casualty. 
Two day* after I rode into the I’ino Ridge Agency, very 
hungry and uearl.v frozen to death, haring ridden with Cap- 
tain Baldwin, of tlic staff, and a Mr. Miller all night long. I 
b*d to look after a poor horse, and aeo that he was groomed 
and fed, which require considerable tact and "hustling" in 
a busy ramp. Then came my breakfast. That struck me 
a* a serious matter at the time. There were wagon* and 
aoldien — llir burial party going to the Wounded Knee to do 
its solemn duty. I wanted to go very much. 1 stopped to 
think; ia short, I hesitated, and of course wua "lust," for 


after breakfast they had gone. Why did I not follow thooiT 
Well, mr natural prudence had been considerably strength- 
emsl u few days previously by a half hour's Interview with 
six painted Urutc Sioux, who seemed to lie in command of 
the situation. To briclly end the matter, the burial party 
was tired on. and my confidence in my own good Judgment 
was vindicated to my own satisfaction. 

1 rode over to llte camp of the Seventh United State* Cav- 
alry - . snd met oil the officers, both wounded and well, ami a 
great many of the men. They told me their stories in that 
inimitable way which U studied art with wnrrinm. To ap- 
preciate brevity you must go to a soldier. He shrug* lii* 
shoulders, and points to the bridge of his nuee. which has 
had a piece cut out by a bullet, and cays, " Rather close, but 
don't amount to mucli." An inch inure, and some youngster 
would have hud his promotion. 

I shall oot hero tell the story of tbo Seventh Cavalry light 


with Big Foot's band of Sion* on the Wounded Knee; that 
has been done in Ibe daily papers; but I will reeuunt some 
small talk current in the Sibley tepees, or tire " white mail's 
war tenia." as the Indians call them 

Lying on his back, with a builrt through the lardy. Lieu- 
tenant Mann grew slrm when be got to the critical point in 
his story. "1 saw three or four young bucks drop tlicir 
blankets, and I »w that they were nmivtl. 1 Be ready to 
tire, men . there is trouble. ‘ There was an instant, mid then 
we lw-ard sounds of tiring In the centre of the Indians. 
’Fire!' I shouted, ami we pound it into them.'' 

"Oh yes. Mann, but the trouble began when the nkl med- 
icine-man threw tlic dust ia the air. That i* tin- old Indian 
signal of ‘ defiance,' and nu sooner bud lie done that ac t 
Ilian those bucks stripped and went into action Just la-fore 
that some one told me that if we didn't slop that ohl man's 
((Vstiwnl «w pap «),) 


i 


JANUARY 24, 1801. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


59 


for lie says that " few cam's have ever occurred in 
the history of the United State* navy where n com- 
manding officer so completely nbuiiiloncii the rr*|nui- 
ubililies of his position/' This implies that there 
was really no question. But if a Russian man-of- 
war lay in the harbor of New York, and a Russian 
passenger steamer called upon her way from a Soutli- 
Aineriran to a European port carrying nn American 
•gainst whom our local laws and officers had issued 
4 warrant, should we permit the Russian captain to 
dreide whether the warrant should lie served ? I)oes 
Russian law take precedence of ours on Russian ves- 
sel* in tho harbor of New York t The question is 
one of very great importance, and if the Secretary's 
view he correct, it is one in which other maritime 
countries will lake profound Interest as adding new 
principles to international law. 

THE INDIAN WAR. 

Thk Indian war which General Milks apprehended 
would be more important than any such war since 
Pontiac's, lie has apparently successfully avoided. 
But his own plain speech, and the statements of those 
who are sincerely interested in the Indians and pos- 
sessed of full knowledge, have produced a general 
and indignant impression throughout the country 
that our national conduct toward the Indians is 
utterly disgraceful, and that the Indian civil service 
is one of the worst illustrations of the infamous 
spoils system. This is the significance of the letter 
addressed to the President by the Board of Indian 
Commissioners, who say ” that for many of the great- 
est evils of the Indian service a remedy can be found 
only by securing permanence in the service for ca- 
pable, efficirnt. and honest men and women. M Tho 
commissioners, therefore, in the name of • the most 
intelligent opinion of the wisest friends of the Ind- 
ians throughout the country ... strongly urge that 
the* civil service rules aud regulations bo at this time 
extended over nil that partof.thc Indian service which 
can be reached by executive action to that effect.’’ 

The Indian wrongs would have been avoided if 
public opinion could have been earlier interested in 
tho Indians sufficiently to acquire detailed informa- 
tion. They are largely due to the folly of intrusting 
our Indian relations in great part to agents who ate 
changed at the whim of politicians who have no 
knowledge of the Indian situation and no care for the 
Indians, and who rely upon the general public igno- 
rance and indifference to permit without inquiry the 
frequent misconduct and outrage of our Indian man- 
agement. Both the present and the last administra- 
tions were apprised of the situation and its necessi- 
ties by intelligent and impartial witnesses, but they 
allowed the whole subject practically to drift. There 
have been, indeed, within a few years, a rapidly in- 
creasing interest in the question and larger knowledge 
of it. and public opinion ha* stimulated and approved 
remedial legislation. But the mere partisan pressure 
for spoils, of which every administration is in mortal 
terror, has largely succeeded in the usual way in the 
appointment of agents of all kinds and in the allot- 
ment of contracts. The cheating and starving ami 
general mismanagement of inexperience have con- 
tinued. and they promised to end again where they 
must always end— iu blood and terrible suffering. 

This is true according to the most authoritative 
evidence, although it may lx- also true, as the com- 
missioners say, that “the Indian service is now in 
better condition than ever before.” If it be so, it is 
la-cause of late years there are some conscience, some 
fair play, some intelligence and common sense intro- 
duced into it, and because the hoprh-Tittness aud beart- 
1 css ness have begun to yield to increaaing knowledge 
of the facts. The Indian is often undoubtedly crafty 
and treacherous, and he is far from a romantic figure. 
But our offence* are not condoned by sneering at 
the demand for common justice and humanity to 
him as sentimentality. Whatever the Indian* may 
be, what have we shown ourselves to be during 
what Mrs. Helen HUNT Jackson, who had lived 
much among them and knew them, culled a century 
of dishonor t It is an accusation of our sagacity and 
our character that ufter mure than a century brave 
and accomplished soldiers like Wallace and C**IY, 
win* were themselves friendly to the Indian*. should 
be the victims of Indian assaults. But what stimu- 
lated the assault* f Such soil catastrophe* would not 
have happened if our general conduct had not taught 
tho Indians to distrust ua. The friends of heme* 
who may fall in the melancholy fights with Tndi-tus 
may at least have the poor cousolation of know ing that 
at Inst there is a righteous public opinion which will 
hold administrations sternly to account for what are 
called Indian ware, as if the Indians were especially 
and culpably responsible for them. 

IRISH “COMPROMISING,” 

Tm; intimation* that Mr O'Hiukn would be easily mould, 
cd by Mr. PaRRKI.L won to be confirmed by tin- feeling with 
Which these negotiation* have been regarded rather I ban by 
any actual knowledge concerning the interviews. 1'ahhf.U. 
by his acknowledgment in tin ■* •oust of Commons that he 
had drlibrratrly lird to affect ' vrUon. by hi* conduct in 
reference to the U Sui.a affair. his periurunuicc* since 


the break In the parlv. ha* “given hi* measure'* pretty ac- 
curately. No honorable Englishman or Irishman can now 
readily trust him. and nothing is plainer than that "com pro- 
mise " with him is useless If lie should remain the leader, 
directly or indirectly, there may lie an Irish parly, but while 
(here may lie bargains, there will be no English allianre. 

In (lie desire not to break with a man who has already 
broken with them, tbe protnlneul Irish lenders neem unable 
to see that their course imprwues the public with the convtc. 
lion that tliey consider Parnell indispensable to their cause. 
If the spirit of DaYITT had been that of llie party, or of tbn 
nnli-i’AiiXKl.l. seclioo.it would have been very much stronger 
than it U now. The situation demanded that the diunisnl 
of Parnell by the election of McCarthy, aud tbe signal de- 
feat of hi* candidate at Kilkenny, should have liecn sreepted 
ns decisive. But O'Biukx, ami those who net with him, have 
succeeded only in persuading the public that they are unable 
to proceed without Parnell 

At present Uie game is entirety in his hands. His oppo- 
nent* do not yet see, apparently, that whatever hi* abilities 
ami former service*, he hits practically betrayed tire cause by 
insulting ami outraging tbe English alliamt'. That was an 
offence which bo brilliancy of previous service could con- 
done. There was no more accomplished, heroic, ami Inspir- 
ing soldier in the Revolutionary army than Benedict Ar- 
nold. But when be betrayed tbe cause, all was properly for- 
gotten except the betrayal. Parnell ha* not sold out to 
the English to oppose home - rale, but he has sacrificed tbn 
interests of liomc-rulc to his own srlflsbncwi. and. ns Davity 
say*, he has preferred himself to Ireland. Tlust is not a 
lender with whom honorable compromise is pomible. 

QUAY’S ELECTION BILL. 

Tin: election bill Introduced by Mr. Quay I* a grim Jeat. 
Ills appearance as an apostle of pure elections and honest 
politic* I* merely comical. But his reported explanation of 
tire bill Is suggestive. HI* bill I* substantially like the pre- 
sent one, but It* last provision is this: 

“ When it shall appear to the satisfaction of the President of 
tbe United &alcs that in any locwl'W the provisions of this law 
cannot otherwise lie •treated, It shall bo bis duty sad lie I* hereby 
empowered to suspend there the writ of habeas corpus and to 
emp'oy (be armed forces of the United Stales, Uarsl and Military, 
for Its eiiforrament.'* 

The McKislky bill leave* the adjustment of custom* taxes 
largely to the satisfaction of the President, and this la a pro- 
posal to leave the conduct of elections In his bands. 

Air. Qr ay, of course, means nothing of the kind. His bill 
I* a satire upon Mr. Hoar'*. If we are to have force, says 
Mr Quay, let us have It plainly provided. “ I do not tliink 
tbe bill will be called up/' Ik I* reported a* saying, “but If 
it should be, here Is a test of the sincerity of it* supporter*.'* 
The fact show* bow discordant is the Republican majority 
upon such a measure. Even Mr. Hoar cannot think that It 
Is heartily or unanimously supported or demanded by party 
■Bllul. But wc venture to think that he i* greatly in 
error if be suppose* this condition to nxi»r from indifference 
to the rights of 11m colored citizens, or from ignorance of 
the vital Importance of free and honest elections, 

It B dtte to the fact that the peculiar difficulty in the 
Southern State* at which the legislation is aimed cannot be 
relieved by legislation, The situation vu well described 
by Senator Hawlkv fifteen year* ago: "There is a social 
anti educational and moral reconstruction of the South need- 
r<l that will never cone from any legislative lulls, State or 
national; it must be the growth of time ami education anil 
Christianity.'* Since then tlila reconstruct ion has proceeded 
rapidly, and Mill proceeds, toward llie end which all good 
citizens desire. It is utterly usefeaa to revile thuae who lie- 
liere with (Jeueral Hawley, as recreant to liberty and justice 
and humanity, and to suppose that fidelity to those supreme 
objects is proved by supporting a bill which expresses u hu- 
mane nnd patriotic emotion, but would be neceanrily in- 
effective from causes which General Hawley suggests. 

THE YELLOWSTONE PARK BILL. 

The lobby Influence* which surround Congress and State 
Legislature* art so omnipresent, insidious, and artful that 
honest legislatir.n is constantly made to pay toll to ait kind* 
of personal and corporate schemes is the form of riders anti 
amendment* which are mndr tbe conditions of passing the 
bills. This I* illustrated in llie case of the Yellowstone Na- 
tional Park bill. It has been pawted by the Senate, and in 
the House has encountered an amendment, proposed by tbe 
Committee on Public l.nnds, which i* undoubtedly duo to 
the efforts of the agents of the Montaua Mineral Railway 
Company 

This railway seek* an exclusive right to construct a rend 
to some mines near the northern boundary of Ibp park. The 
friends of the park, who desire that it* character us a park 
shall be respected in the public interest, and iu u» private 
interest whatever, are willing to change the northern boun- 
dary by making the Yellowstone River the dividing line, and 
placing the railway wholly outside the park. The railway 
opposes, because It wishes to oldain the exclusive right to 
rnler the park, and command not only access to the mine*, 
but the enormous passenger trnlfle which would lie diverted 
from other and rival reads now loading to the park. 

Tbe Mineral Railway assert* Hint it is these reads which 
oppose It* amendment for special privilege. But It I* not 
so; it Is the intelligence of tbe friends of the park, who un- 
dvmiutid the truth of Professor Samuuct * remark in a late 
article in Garden and Forint that it would lie tbe beginning 
of the end In the question of lire preservation and proper 
care of a great natural pork the counsel of acknowledged 
expert*, of men who have all the information derived from 
experience and study, a* well as a generous and patriotic 
public spirit in the imiintcuiiucc of Mich reservations, may 
lie wisely followed by Congress in preference to the wishes 
of tbe agents of a railway company seeking au exclusive 
franchise. The lull a* passed by the Semite should be pass- 
ed by tbe House, 


A NECESSARY APPROPRIATION. 

A* wc say elsewhere, public opinion is now thoroughly 
persuaded Hint one of the mud pressing and important pub- 
lic questions of the moment is our Indian policy, and the 
country Is fust reselling the conclusion that the policy must 
be radintlly changed. Tlic present Indian Couuiinrinuer. 
General Morgan. L entirely iu accord with the views of the 
viftat friend* of the Indians. But the late Commissioner 
Oberlt, in a recent interview, stain live extreme difficulty 
of the CommMancr * pod tine when surrounded by various 
forms of hostility. The appointment of General Morgan 
was bitterly resided by tbe influence* which are largely re- 
sponsible for the wrongs of the Indians, and which, since hit 
appointment, have sought In hara** and defeat hi* efforts 

General Morgan is striving to recure the essential object, 
namely, tbe confidence of the Indians, without which every- 
thing is in vain. He seeks to promote their civilization, to 
provide them with proper schools, and to save them from 
the rapacity of swindlers of every kind and degree. This 
lie does with a sincerity which those who beat know the 
situation do Dot doubt. He and hi* bureau are crippled by 
overwork and want of adequate assistance. An increase of 
seven or eight clerks in the bureau, and such Increase of sal- 
aries as the Secretary of the Interior recommend* iu Lit 
report, are imperatively demanded by the interests of the 
service. 

This increase llie Indian Committee have not seen fit to 
grant, and it it omitted In the appropriation hill as reported. 
Politic censure of fntilu in Iodlnn administration will be of 
little service if a faithful public officer, especially charged 
with the rare of Indian interest*, and honestly engaged in 
promoting them ns the best public sentiment direct*, is not 
sustained by Congress. The omission of the necessary in- 
crenae in the appropriation i« not in the interest of the Ind- 
iana nor of llie wise and friendly policy which is now de- 
mand'd- Public opinion upon tbe aubject may well and 
promptly make itself felt in Washington. 

PERSONAL. 

F man-run W Smith, of Boston, i* the projector of an 
ambition* scheme to build an immense temple of the aria 
at Washington. It ia to coat $.'>,000,000, and occupy on* 
hundred and fifty acre* of ground. Mr. burnt ha* had the 
plana drawn, it is said, and hopes to raise enough money 
ill tho next fire year* to begin the work. 

—The leading character In W. If. Crank* play The Sen- 
ator is rousideied a very good eopy of the energetic Junior 
Senator from Kama*. Mr. Plumii ha* discovered a *eri«aa 
defect in the imitation, however, ia that he never wore a 
"stove-pipe" hat. while that article of head- wear plays au 
important part iu Mr. Crane's moat enjoyable representa- 
tion. 

—The body of the late Alexander William Kinolaer, 
the historian, has been cremated in England, according to 
his laat expressed wish. 

— Lady TAYLOR, who baa Just died in England, was Inti- 
mately acquainted w It It nearly all the men and women * ho 
have won literary fame iu the lost half-century. 8be 
married .Sir HKXRT Tatlok, the poet, aud was greatly ad- 
mired for her wit, 

— “The (treat American liras* Fiend," aa James H. Ol- 
COTT, of Mouth Manchester. Connect ic nt . is some! icuu called, 
ou account of tbe reuiurkalilc knowledge of *uurel grasses 
that he Inis acquired, is going abroad to pursue his inves- 
tigation* and studies. Mr. OLCOTT has an extensive grass 
garden of hi* own, nnd ha* become *o expert in bu branch 
of botany that he can distinguish by sight, smell, or tasto 
any of the grasses he is familiar with. 

— General CharubJ. Paine., who owned the sloop yacht* 
J/oijr.lfmrrr and Falun tear when they defeated the Oatatm and 
Thintle lit contest* for the Jmtrion'e cop. thinks that n chal- 
lenge from the other side fur a ruce t It ia year may yet hr 
received and accepted. He will »nt enter the lists him wit 
agnin, but will leave the defence of American prestige to 
some younger yachtsman. 

— Mewtiw. A. C. McC'Ll'RU & Co., of Chicago, who stand at 
thn head of Western publishing honor*, have recently pur- 
chased the entire stock ami good-will of Maxwell A Co.’* 
hook bnsincs*. This latter house, originally of Blooming, 
ton, Illinois, has been established for the 1**1 eight years in 
Chicago, and had built up an extensive trade. 

— Notwithstanding tire severe cold weather In England 
and hi* owu advanced age. Lord Tennyson, who i* winter- 
.ng at n resort on the Isle of Wight, take* hi* out-door 
walk dally. 

—Until quite recently the old Fjiscx Head Tavern on 
the Strand, London, w htrb wo* one of Hr. Johnson’-, favor- 
ite resorts, has Wen kept by two Misses FiEt.ni.NO, who 
were dcnccinlant* of the author of Ton i Jonen. Now, how- 
ever, tbe old building i* to lie pulled down, 

- Waiter M. I. khan, a veteran actor, who had played 
before General Jackson. Davy Crockett. Aaron Bi kh. 
< HAKLO Dickkxh, aud other celebrities, some of nlium lie 
knew prlEouall.V, has just died at San Francisco at the age 
of seventy-right year*. 

-A collection of book* that hud belonged to President 
FlU.Miiltr. was recently nnrtionrd off at Buffalo, and hut 
small prices were realized, gome of the law Ismt* britigiug 
but live rent* npiecr. 

— ftARAsAMC, the violinist, bn* pockrted $96,000 as the 
net |*r»llr of a two mantlin' tour in England. 

— An interesting sequel to Mi** El.AINK Gouda i.e's work 
a* a teurker among the Indians i* her engagement to marry 
Dr. CHAiiut* A. Eastman, n fnll-ldnoded Sioux. Dr. East- 
man lived among the Indians till he was fourteen yean 
old, pit-king up a smattering of education at a reservation 
arbnol, and forming au ambition for something belter, lie 
went to Itclnlt College, mid from there to Dartmouth, where 
he took live full rtwirse. After studying modlelne at llar- 
v*d 1. lie returned |.. hi* people iu Dakota, unit has been 
doing useful work among them. I>r. KAxnux unit Mis* 
G.miIiaLK ore both nt the Pine Bulge Agency, and tin- former 
has been appointed house physician of the little Episcopal 
chills h « tiirli now fnrnis the euirrgruey hoMpital for Indian* 
who were injured iu the reccut battle at Wonuiled Knee. 




THE CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW. JAPAN.— Draws bt C. D. Wbldos.-ISee Paoe 63.] 

1. The Street Dnngn/Aka. a. Appronch to the Exhibition, with Flower Sitrn Ml Kntmno- 3. First Scene of the Piny, Oviyi-Kumaptye. r A. Mivnmoto Musnnfai 
killing n Devil. 5. Interior of norther Show. <5. Tim Nymph of Ctirywotbeth tints. / 


JANUARY 2-1, 1801. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


G7 


whose extreme lreeudtli of person wax in lu- 
ilicrons contrast lo Adnlinu* wiry rcnnti- 
ne*» — walked aloof from die oilier* in un- 
compromising w-veriiv. while Luella Biisgv. 
in a new list and fcnllrer. openly made face* 
at I Item. 

• • rorlnnn '* gettin' lo he consul abb lively ; 
don' know hut wbnt we shall have lo wlurt a 
newspaper." said Laban. Monday morning, 
a» be arose from the breakfast table, at which 
Ail il ine had been rigid, but had not men- 
tioned the poochmise. 

"Wbnt are you a bein' cluoc mouthed 
alaiut now, LahiuiT" said Lis mother, pit- 
•oudy 

" Right no lop of Int el Luke's bliylu' the 
tavern. 'n'foiks'sbcin'Hiureh-iuaiilcd. tin-re's 
a big failure. Pay«nn Bradley up to the Cor- 
ner baa gone nil to smash: they've |Mit un at- 
tarlnnent on tire mills The creditor* won't 
get a cent. Well, be don’t one Die nothin," 
added Lulian. facetiously. 

■■'Tuin't true; 'taint no such a tiling! 
Keith me. tramli; I'm dizzy again! Ilea 
Jest as Drill aa the merlin' Inane " Adalina 
bad risen, and was rluiehing ut a chuir huek 
for support " Why. lie's worth llftv iIhhi- 
siind dollar*. He's been payin' me six per 
cent. right along." 

" Why. Adnline, I thought your money 
was in the lunik, "exclaimed Sarah Oakes. 

•' I 'ain't never la-eu one to tell folks where 
my money was." tali I Adalinr. •• But 'tuin't 
true, is it, Sarahs You liain't no idea that 
IF* true, have you?" she cried, weakening 
suddenly, anil raising ber voice lo a shrill 
staccato' " I hadn’t ought to a risked it. 
Imi be said it wouldn't lie riskin' nothin', 
'n' I wn'n't grttin’ hut four per real, in the 
bank. You don't suppose it can he all awep* 
awav.do you. Sarah? My whole live tbmi- 
ran' dollars!" 

Tain l no use to believe It till you tlrnl 
out for sure, anyhow," said Samh. consoling- 
ly. “Ml things is apt lo be tXinmle I " 

’• ‘S' I'd ravexlcunsldable out of the inter- 
est. 'n' I let him have that I am spring, when 
he was huildiu' the new mill. 1 liain't got 
lint a hundred 'll' fifty dollars in the world* 
Don't slnn' there a-gaw pin', Laban! Say you 
don't lielieve it's true !” 

Dun l take on so. AdnUivo! You do look 
dmful. Tain t as if money was every- 
thing." said Sarah Oakes, wiping her eye* 
willi lirr apron llrr honest hrart was quite 
mrltrd at tiie sight of Adallne'silisires* "'S' 
'tiUu'l aa if you hadn't folks that wouldn't 
let you want Lulmu 'n' 1 wouldn't never 
think nothin' about the Imard. would we. 
LahanT 'S long as we have anything you're 
moron welcome to it." 

••Tain't me that's come to this, is it?" 
gasped Adalinr. "me that was always so 
savin'. I'll kind of— kind of go up Malm. 
Let me atone, Sarah' You're real wrll- 
meania'. but I've got to be alone to sense 1 l" 
l.iilnn, haiu't yon got do fcelin's’" de- 
mniHled hb motlier. as the door closed ii|*io 
Adalinc. “Can't you do nothin' to help 
her?” 

•• Wouldn't If I could. I expect we’ve 
struck a real Mresk of luck, mother. No 
more rich relations in ours ' And Iwahun, 
w ho had the wrongs of Luelln Briggs's mo- 
tlier fresh in hit mind, went off whistling, 

Adalinc went up slides and began to set Ii«t 
garret in order, willi a confuted feeling that 
she was going to die. 

“ I must V come to an end. 1 couldn't 
live with nobody without I could pay my 
Uisrd reg1ar."*ho said to hrrsclf. " I can't 
have folks a-ridin' cock horse over me." 

The had reeling In her head increased so 
that she was forced In lie down, and that 
flight Surah sent for the doctor Adalina 
was very ill for two days, but there was no 
concealing from her the truth of lire utter 
loos of her money. She Insisted upon hear- 
ing all particular*, and wlwn Thursday came 
she was up at>d dressed uud reaily for the 
church mewling. 

•• You go 'long of me. Sarah." she said. " I 
don't want no more of ’LizabnlU Cuutnba " 
Then* bad been great reiiccucv Iretwocn the 
sitters in law through Adulim's illnesa. Sa- 
mil I tad shown her sympathy bv Wars and a 
fussy tenileroesa.w lileli Adalinc had received 
in silence, although it always irritated her. 
'• I expert I liain't always tboagiit enough 
of you. Sarah: 'o’ I've bwn too hard on you 
for not bein' as savin' a- you'd ought to Ire 
I've item loo worldly minded, 'o' set my heart 
on riches. 

•• No — no. you hainT" stammered Ssrali. 

It s nat'ral for them that ha* proputty to 
lie set up by It; V I'd ought to have hooked 
more rugs.’if it is kind of wearisome when 
you he so fleshy, n' nut frosted my cake wi 
common; 'n' — 'n' I expect we're all some try- 
in' to each other in this world. " 

Adalinc arose in the church meeting un- 
invited u* soon as the minister had finished 
hi* prayer "H long as 'twas me that set 
this wiiieslnewi a-guili'. it’s for me lo stop it. 
so far forth as I can." she said " I've slan- 
dered Sister Wealthy Briggs for my own 
worldly minded end* Ye*, 1 have. Sarah, 
'n' you nerdn't try to pull me down, The 
Lord He’s pulled me down lo show me what 
I lie. 1 heard Sister Briggs say Jrel what I 
said I did: but she never said it to gran'- 
inarm, nor where sire could liear ber. She 
was Jest u-givln' way all alone In tlie pantry, 
at the be*t of us lias rive way some limes. 
'.V them that knows w hat die had lo |iol up 
with— without no reflections upon them tliat* 
dcarl 'n' gone — won't feel to blnmr her." 

The tcar-brokm voire of Sister Wealthy 
Briggs hurst forth as Adalinc sat down: 


“ I have gire way sometimes to grnn'marro 
herself Seemed us if I bad a I no grace to 
resist when I'd been ironin': but I never said 
nolliin' so hud u* that to ber— never"' 

There were some confused remarks by tlao 
dencons and Ibc minuter Ui the effect that 
tla- charges bad nut been sustained, and some 
one was luppily inspired to suggrst some 
other business which ought to come before 
l be meeting: and when the exercise* were 
over. Ailuliae ami Mrs. Wealthy Briggs walk- 
«i I tome together. 

I-uIjwii ami I.iu-11* were married that win- 
ter. and in the spriug Adalina became the 
wife of bur old lover. Israel Lake, the tavern- 
keeper. 

• It wa» more lor the sake of gtittln' where 
site shouldn't fi r) a* if dic'd ought to pay 
her Ismrd than for any tiling else.” die frankly 
admitted lo her wooer himself On tire day 
before her wedding she presented Luellu with 
her Ikix of buttons. 

Tot! you’d belter keep era. They'd do 
von n sight more good than they would me," 
raid Luella. frankly. " When I lutvc a new 
dress iImj button* od it urc goiu' to be all 
idike " 

"You can kind of hide 'em under tlao 
Irimniin's; 'n' it does scent a pity to keep 
bus in 'em,” raid Adaline. 

“ 1 like real baiidsome buttons, n' a good 
full set. "said Luella uncompromisingly . 'll’ 
I'm ii-goln* to have >m." 

" I liain't got no influence now I linin'! got 
imi money," raid Ads line lu herself, bitterly. 

She turned hack after site had gone out 
to the wagon, where lier bridegroom wailed. 
She bail only taken tim« to tuck tire box of 
buttons carefully under the scat. She look 
n five-dollar hill' from ber purse, and gave it 
lu Luella. 

“ I didn’t give you no weddin' present. V 
I Want you should take it." she raid. “ I've 
got a humlred dollars, V, after all, Ac tuny Im 
squanderin'." 


WINTERS, PAST AND PRESENT. 

Anolinixo to reeent despulcbes from tlie 
Ok! World It la appnrent that a winter of 
unusual severity hn* bound nil England and 
the C'Dniineiil with chains of ice. Print 
John o' Gloat's Homo to Land's End 'he 
country is covered with snow and ire. There 
i* skating un the Thames above and below 
Oxford for miles. Above Teddiugtou, where 
tlie tidal water end*, the loe U eight Indies 
llilck. Belgium. Holland, niul North Ger- 
many arc blocked with ice along their coasts. 
The Seine U full of Ice. and I he SaAne is 
frozen. Along tire Rliinc snow drifts seven- 
teen fret in <U'plh are piled in place*, and 
Kavuria is hidden beneath a mantle of white. 
Northern liuly h:i* Irern visitnl with weather 
such ns the present generation has never felt, 
and railways ure blocked with snow at Man- 
tua. Turin, ami Milan. Snow bos fallen in 
Spain, ninl orange grove* In Valencia ruined 
by fronts Anil down in Algiers, ami for 
sonic distance inland, snow and bail have 
wrought havoc and nito. Such are the re- 
)>ori* that come to u*. coupled with tides of 
disircsa n ml misery among tlie poorer damn. 
A winter like t|u* is unusual, hut not unpar- 
alleled. Some faint hearted people, who have 
read the claims of the scientist* that in some 
flvu millions of years the sun will have 
reused lo give forth any heat, are assured lu 
this belief by a winter such as the present. 
Bill nothing' i* so iinccrtain us the weather, 
for it I* recorded I lint us far back a* 404 A.D. 
the /Vn4lM Kaxiau*. or Blark S<a, was frozen 
over for twenty days, and the falut hearted 
ones will not deny that since then we have 
experienced several extremely mild winters. 
Prtim October, TIM. until February. 784. the 
two seas at ConUaotlnopie were frozen for 
a hundred mile* from shore, and on Mid- 
summer |)uy in the year ltKii tlie fruits In 
England are raid to liavu been destroyed by 
frost. As for the icc-liound Thames, of 
which so niiu.ii is said this year, the chron- 
icles of 1008 *ay that for four! ecu week* the 
river was frozen. In 1433 4 again the same 
i« related, and carriages pus's.*! over from 
Lambeth to Westminster in l.M-Y There 
were sports and diversions on the Thames 
during Hie Christmas season of l-MM, ami 
also In 14187; uud of Dcccnilier, IflW. to Feb- 
ruary. 1634, this melancholy account Is giv- 
en: "The forest-tree* and even the auks in 
England split liy the frost; must of lire hol- 
lies were killed’: the Thames covered with 
ice eleven luclrea thick; and nearly all Ibe 
birds perished." like reports liave been 
made oft and again since then, the lust ex- 
rrplinniil winter occurring in t835- 

Tlie Continent also furnishes parallels ol 
severe winters running hack 1400 year*. Tire 
Cal legal wa* entirely fmxeu over in 1804. 
and Immsc* and men passed from Denmark 
to Sweden over the frnwm Baltic in 1440. 
Four vmrs later it is recorded that the weather 
was so severe ill Klamlers that wine distribu- 
ted at the time wn* cut with liatchet*. The 
Khhre. the Scheldt, and lire sea at Venice, 
were frozen in 17194. loe covered the llrllna- 
jwint ami the Zuvdrr Zc r as well as ail the 
rivers in Europe in the year 1623, and 
Charles X. of Sweden conducted hi* entire 
army over the Little Belt on the ice from 
Ib-lsiein In Denitiiirk in 18>*!t. Wolves, ren- 
dered il (.-*(«■ rate by lire cold in 1801, entered 
Vienna niul attacked nu n uud cnltle: and In 
the early part of 1M0 the fruMs in Norway 
were so Intense that quicksilver froze, and 
person* exproed to the air Imt their brcaih, 

These records might be couliiiucd ut pte* 



(JESTt-EMAN. • t Inr r-iu'rs r- ut. (>• gel mmtnl n 

PAT " IlHlwte. *lf. I •■. an' t« Ure lul.res — • " 

OEXT1.KMAN- ••Wlm'll l» |ha 
PAT •' llurrtu' hi* Kliuituce, t. 


ber |,nt fat la a 


sure, hut the instances cited go to show that 
the present reign of cold i» not unpreredent 
ed And wire forgets lire March blizzard of 
11448, which bebt lire Fjislcrn Slate* in thrall? 
Tliat venernlde Ireing, the " otdc-4 Inbnlii 
tanl.” rtcrived a drniu-hlow at that time, for 
such a stale of things was never equalled in 
lilt memory, and If it had Ireen no credence 
would have licen given to any word of hi* 
Tliat blizzatd will be a wonderful thing lo 
tell pf sixty year* from now. and a plain un- 
varnished slntrinenl of the slorm will cauie 
the coining generation lo blush for their 
mendacious grandsires, even though hi-iorv 
liear nut their slntetnrnl*. Tire " blizzard, 
Imwever. was short lived, though lls efftvtt 
were lasting, and New York wa* visited by 
greater cold lu 1188, when the IUv was en- 
tirely frozen and teams crossed on the he. 
In 1H31 the Hoy wa* again frozen. The 
mercury exmireshsl in uorlhem liulinna in 
IMA, and in 1881 the thermometer registered 


zero in Mobile. Alabama. To offset these 
examples of exin-nre cold there arc numerous 
record* of extremely mild winter*, which 
have followed cadi other for years, and have 
been Ure rule rather than the exception 
Scientists will speculate, and seek lo prove 
tlreir theories regarding the weather hy I he 
exampkw of a dozen or fifty yewre, and llirn 
the winter that follow s will complcicly npsei 
all ideas hy a simple repetition of history. 
Mihl winters and seme winters will nrolsi- 
Wy ciialtane a* in year* jx*«. and tliouuli 
some deckled climutir change* may lie traced 
to certain altered conditions of landscape and 
walerroiirec*. tire hiMorian will ever con- 
tinue to add inslnutes of exceptional cold, 
and scientist* will continue to mlvairee new 
theurie* regarding rnnse*. Tire uncertainly 
of life is a favorite speculation, but the 
wriitlier can safely Ire raid to be Ibe meat 
uncertain element that enters into rxut- 
CDCU. 



JAXl’ART Si. 18*1 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


69 



Digitized by Google 


OX TIIE AVENUE.— Dm* wx i»* W. T. Smkoust.-ISm Poem ox I’ao* 70.J 



70 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 177». 


ON THE AVENUE. 

TIIP. miLO-SOPHY OP CONTENTMENT. 

A i«.tr s lb* avenue lie walk*. hi* iiiin.l 
Toward tlietn. * nmnent since |M*»c't hv.lacflNad, 
Tin 1 maid lie one* <ii<i low lie »cc* «ritli him 
Who «rt« hi* rival, ami hi* eje* grow ilim 
With lean he m*'l suppress. But »imn lii* rare 
i *u sti'ldmi lifts. The Inuring aimer air 
! '.vigor*;** him, sn-l a happy thought 
lie up'H# retWetiun. 10 haw caildK, 

Ami thi. it is: Wlir Jin I rant c»"l.nt 
With what I am ami haw? Why have I »pem 
Si Mli> im>in*"te of -In* iilies'ie-l »'»■ 

Bennie n simple taaiilen answwd ” No"? 
tiuppw* that answer liml lin«“ Vi» nrhat,thea ? 
Would I, in tiuth. In- happiest of men S’ 

Tiieii li.vl all* droopr-l »i*J like tl.e nwe, 

WoiiM chla iiot he the greate*! of nil wne* ? 
Or slioulil I chance to die. wnral'l Oil* wot plarn 
The mark of sorrow on her h*|>p_v face 
W«ee <he the partner of nr hrnnWe life. 

The slinrrr of it* IimUh mwl it* *irlfe? 

'Tin htlcr thn*. N-i more shall 1 lament. 

But gw my way. ami smile in blest oml-tit. 

Si mnrli for him. Then wluit nr yonder U-l 
Who shovels snow to live? I* he ne'er aid* 
He is for jtu one Moment when lie mil** 

Our pv'in-ii.v-liag frielid. bis opal of coat*. 

Hi« hat — a fashweiahle mi*— ami tie. 

The like of which ihali nuke pmir Palsy rigb 
In very riiviniuiK** ; the general U'h 
Of chappie rouses all hi* jrafeu* Idle. 

Then Patsy thinks — a rare conception this— 
Hour ehappie’* life irtnnol Is; nil pine Wise, 

He knows— 'tin instinct iti him — how that lie 
Wool I fiirli I mist with unililuied glee 
Could lie hut roll yon soft and flaky mow 
Into nn iev lull, ami let that go 
With all his force across poor chappie'* path, 
And make him victim of hie jealous wrath. 

W Ilk'S' thought • kith Mintin' his troubled “ml nnd 
sad, 

And leave* trim in hi* heart hnth blithe and glad, 
W.-i-sum, In dress ilotli make him all exempt 
From wilea of those whom men likn chappie 
tempt 

nia niueurntarr jealousy is spent, 

Ami lie i*. like the otiiee, moot content. 

As for the man and maiden in the *k«gh. 

They twain are both contained any nay. 

Jons Kxxeatcx Hxmih. 


A PILGRIM IN THE FAR WEST. 

BT ANXA FTLI.BR 

I'ikk'm Pr..* k wo* superb that morning, big 
anil strong, ami glittering with snow . Little 
Mrs. Nancy Tnitiell turned, afler ‘hulling 
anil lcM*kitiiC th* door of Iter cottage, and 
looked down Hi*- atre*<. : t tlao end or winch 
l lie friendly giant stood ran against a clear 
blue sky. The cotton- wood-free* on either 
shl« of the road were Just coming into leaf, 
and their extended 1 wane lies framed in her 
might v nelgliluir in a moat l-en'imtig man- 
ner The water in the irrigating ditch lie- 
■irnlh flip trees wits running merrily. Tlie 
round of it brought « wistful look Into the 
rliwrfnl old fnrt- ll made Mrs. Nancy think 
of the gay Hill* brook in the pasture I* liiml 
the h"i»*e at home — at home, in far New 
Englnnd 

Surely it must have town n strange wind of 
destiny that wafted thi* unadventurous little 
woman across half a continent hi the very 
foot of the Rocky Mountain*- a long nnd 
weary journey for the young and vigorous. 
Yet it was something uo stranger than n inn- 
tlier's love for her only child. For ' 1 W illi*'« ” 
sake the widow Tarhell bail tinned her buck 
upon the dear New Englnnd woods and 
meadows, iiism tlie tidy village where every 
man amt woinnn was tier friend; for bis sake 
aim hod conic to dwell among stranger* in a 
strange anti barren land. The old home 
Mead had loam «*>bl, and with the meagre 
proceed* riie lutd pah! their wav across the 
prairies, ami liad bmigiit o little house ami a 
lot of laud on the outskirts of this Western 
town, white Willie looked iilmut him for 
something lo do. But the enemy before 
whinii lin y li.nl lied followed Hum In the 
high nine altitude it loves not. ami la-fore 
poor Willie hnd found any thing to do. lie 
hud been "called up higher.'' This was the 
phrn.se the minister used at Willie's funeral, 
ami it hud been |*vuli:illy Comforting to ill* 
bereaved met her She hud known well I hut 
lier I soy needral higher air, for ilmt die Imtl 
Come ti» live six thouraad feet nhore the level 
of tltr New England pnslure*. Hut the IjioI 
snw that she. with lier prior human wtulnai. 
Could not lend hint to the Deeded height mid 
He. in His loving provide nee. hnd called him 
Up higher vet. when! are blessing ami healing 
forever. Willi this abiding consolation in 
her heart Willie'* motlwr could fare lire 
shining peak day after day and month after 
mouth with n countenance no brave and 
cheerful a* his own. It wn* only when »Im> 
listened lo the sound of running waters, or 
some other voiee of tlie post, thnl tli* wistful 
look maw into her fan- 

Meanwhile it won good life-giving air llud 
she bt eat bed. anti good wnttn smi-biu* thnl 
rested upon to r. n* *lte stepped brj*kly on 
her way. Her lillle evitlngc was no longer 
on the <Hit»hlr 1 a of the town. Stately man 
sions had rt*cn up nlmut her. tmd n long pro- 
cession of houses now stretch imI fur up to 
tlie northward. The people Idly looking 
forth front the windows of the stately ai*n- 
skwH did ttni realize how mtieh a part of Ilie 
laiwiM-ap* the little bhu k IlgiiriTiud Iroim*, 
passing uud (epwatlog their doom. A MB all 


meek figure it was. with little indication of 
tlie bright spirit within. It won boi "bent 
dress ” of ten year* ago that she now 11 wore 
common ” Thai folds of the skirt, cut in the 
fashion of a by-gone day, offered nmplc nc- 
enminadiUioB for Imstle ami sled*, nnd in 
the ni.isenre of iImm< props the gown had 
a rollnpscd, ini^in*ci|iient nir. Hut little 
Mrs. Nancy hail never seen her own back, 
and site wore iIm> gown with a pleated 
ronscinusnr** of being well ilmtMsI. Then 
there was the thin cMUBciw shoulder ca|*e. 
with tlw long alimpsy fringe, which Wil- 
li*. hi hia pride nnd fondness, had persuad- 
ed her to boy, ami which hod a curious 
ly jaunty nml ii.nnt appearance on the nar- 
row shoulder*. The done black felt bonnet 
was rusty ami of nurujutmd slmpc And 
since few ever thought of looking within 
lh.se prosaic externals to note the delicacy 
of the soft old check, ami the sweet immemt* 
of tlie faded blue eye* beuealh the thin pray 
lock*. It Is perhaps no wonder that tlie dweli- 
ers in tit* stately mansion* quite overlooked 
their niralest little neighbor. 

Mr* Nancy ua* expecting to living Iwck 
lier innrketing in the lint twine latg she car 
riisl. nnd die was also thinking of calling at 
the milliner'*, mid inquiring the rust of har- 
ing her old black straw IhjiuhU pressed over 
nnd mrilBPied. Hlie hdd her pun*- tightly 
fietween her fingers, eurnsetl in looae lihtric 
cotion gloves, as she tried to estimate the 
saint of Mich an unwonted outlay ll*r mean* 
wen? very, very staukr. yet site couldn't 
Unr IliM Wlllfe's mother ‘ahoulil look too 
aim Mir 

And nn* that all’ Who know* hut dial 
the spring lu*ilnct of renewal and rejuvena- 
tion played .« part in her resolve quite itnle- 
peudetit cf the pereiiiiLul tliouplit of Willie? 
The drama of life dies mrt m*r even in the 
most unobtrusive ci.iisriiiusoe*». It wo* go- 
ing on In little Mr* Nancy * brain at every 
step of her morning walk. As the shriek of 
a loouuntive rent die air it bright *mile sud- 
denly ernased her face Her thoughts bnd 
liik'-ii a different and more inspiring turn. 

" Who knows?" she sahl to herself "May- 
be that u the very engine that will take me 
home soiut day — when Atchison begins lo 
pnv ngnin." 

The noisy engine* bnd always n renvuring 
sound in lier ear*. She V'iild sometime* 
lie in bed listening with rapture to their dis- 
cordant criew They were like willing ser- 
vants that would uM day carry her east- 
ward. miles upon miles, hours upon hour* 
—eastward to the old home, within smell of 
the salt air. where there were familiar faces 
to welcome her. familiar voire* lo stwak of 
Willie. 

The people here, die few she knew, were 
very kind, but they seemed to have forgotten 
Willie, nnd she was shy of speaking of him. 
Hut all the home folk* would flock to meet 
her. and to hear of hi* last brave hours. 
How glad liter would l*e t" know that lie 
hail lacked nothing' Atchison hnd givrn 
diem *11 they needed while M illie was alive. 
She blessed Heaven for dial. 

She had arrived in the Imslnes* part of 
die town, where w agon* and foot-pMoeBgera 
thronged at this hour of the morning. >hc 
willingly lei them divert lier IhlwiglHB She 
liked the bustle nnd Ituvry of the scene. 
The well-dmurd roea nnd women in tlicir 
trim turn out* lillle gues*ed what pleasure 
tlicir high-stepping horses nnd silver mount- 
ed bitrni-Hses gave h, the miHieKt little woman 
(breading her way among tlie people on llto 
aide walk. 

Suddenly Mr*. Nancy* pleased survey of 
the scene WB* intcmiplcd. tilanring down 
a sUle street slie beheld a sight which made 
her heart beat hard A big. rouglidooklng 
man was striding along the sidewalk, drag 
tring at the end of a long pole a frighletMii 
w hite dog. The dog *HS pulling l*rek with 
might and main, sntrccly using ii* unwilling 
leg* in it* enforced progress over the ground. 
What could it mean? Wa* tlie dog mad? 
lie looked harmless enouph. They were only 
u few nxl* off. uud Mr*. Nancy auon overtook 
them. The dog proved to !*■ u small white 
collie, and a» she came up with him lie gave 
her an appealing look out of hi* great brown 
eyes, which filled her with compassion and 
iodirn.il ion. 

"What are yost doing with that dog?" slie 
demanded, in a peremptory tone of voice 
quite out of keeping with Use rusty black 

' Doin'?" repealed the man. vmiewliat sur- 
prised. T in Utkin' him to Hie Citv Hall " 

' What for?" 

' lie ain't got no license on.” 

“ And what are you going to «l« with him 
w lien you get him there?" 

“ / aln t coin' lo ih> not b In' more w ilh him." 

" Will they put a license on him?" 

"Not irucli! lie won't nerd no license 
after to-morrow inornlug." Tlie man'* grin 
seemed perfectly dinitolirnl 

" You don't mean they'll kill him?" 

“ I reckon that * about tire *!»• <>f it.” 

■ Hut suppose the owner would rather pay 
the lirenmT* die urged. 

•TIkui he'd better *tcp rouml lively' and 
pay it. Them ain't no time to lose." The 
inw was on the l*t of May. anil the owner d 
ought to have attended to it l>ef<ire now " 

Tlie uuutterable tragedy of flat 'ituiitinn 
was In ightcnrvl by Ute needle** hiimilknlion 
uud terror of tbe victim, anil once again Mr*. 
Nanev protested. 

WliHt makes you drag him nt the cml of 
*.ltr»t raid ' 

•* I ain't gtiin' to give him a chance at my 


breech**, not If I knows myself."replied tbe 
tunn. defiant I v 

" lie w ouldn’t hurt your nanlaloon*. See 
hou gentle lie Isl" sutl the llttk; woman pull- 
ed off her glove* to pat the pretty White Itead. 
A* the grateful crenlure licked her IihuiI *Im.' 
felt a thrill of new pity and tenderness. By' 
Ibes time they were at the City Hall "Whul 
do you have to |mv f"t a license?" site a*ked. 

"Two giMMi soliti dollitt*. " raid thr man. 
" I never seen a dog yet that was worth that 
money, did you?" Aral dog mid iK-rov-mor 
disappeared tfigeliier n itiiiu a sinister-looking 
lHi*einent dour. 

Mr*. Nancy Tarhell stood for a moment 
irresolute, and then site slowly w c-mlcd her 
w«y along the sidewalk, pondering the thing 
*lic I in- 1 seen, Twodollar*! Tliat wua n large 
*um of money In these hard lime*. Could 
she possibly spare it ? Slie did not know yet 
w Inn her tax bill would lie. bill f>>r some un- 
explained reason it tinned out to la- larger 
every year. She atipprwed it wa* owing to 
llie imp'u vniient* tlwry were making in the 
town. «nd *bc hid too much rclf-rospect to 

protest Rut it was really getting to lie a se- 
riotm mutter. 

In Imt perplexity nml absorption the little 
lady had turneil eastward, and presently she 
found lirrwlf close upon ii mllrond track ovr 
which a freight train waa slowly passing It 
wa* the AtHiison rood, mid slie watched with 
lntere*t the long, slow trnib. 

" They appear to la; doing a good latri- 
ne**," die said lo heraelf. "Seems ns (hough 
they might make out lo pay tonic tiling or 
other." 

When tlie train had pa ssed die stepped 
ncTO‘» tlie track, looking with interest at the 
weil laid rail* and the solid ties “Qlietrr, 
isn't it?" file thoitglii "Now I own *ix 
thousand dollara’ worth of that track, and 
yet I can't squreze out of it enough to pnv a 
poor liiile dog's license '* 

Slie never cotlld think without a feeling of 
awe of tbe magnitude of tlie *utn left lier by 
her thrifty huritand. the hulk of whirli suiii 
waa represented by tliiwe unfruitful ret r id- 
eate* Slie aloupeti and felt tbe rail*, looking 
cnutinusly tip and down the mad to be sure 
no train wa* coming. Alter all. St un» 
soling to think that that good houest *teel 
uud timls'r was pnrtlr her property, ll was 
not lier flr»t vUlt tu Ctw *|*'t 

"Queer, isn't it, riie n-flerted. as riic had 
often done before. " that there isn’t any way 
that I can think of to make ray own roatl 
take me home* Anyhow 111 buy that license 
yiMt h> ijiik 'nn." sire exclaimed, wiili suilden 
decision; and shaking the dust of Atchison 
from her feet, and tlie fur more bewildering 
dust of flnaiM'iat perMe.xlllea from I»er mind, 
she walked quickly latck to the town 

It took a certain nninuut of resolution to 
tnni the ImuhIIi’ of Hm* ainistcr looking door, 
nnd the group of tnen lounging in tlie smok- 
ing-room. nnd turning up'-n lier inquisitive 
glance* a* she entered, might even then have 
iluoiilfd her, bad not lier eye fallen upon a 
dejected bunch "f wliltirii hair In one corner. 

A* site stepped into the room, n while tail 
disengaged itrelf from tbe round Itniry bun- 
dl«. and Isgstt paUietlcally to heal the floor, 
while two very beautiful and beseeching eyes 
were fixed u|*>n her fare. Hud *bc still l»ru 
irreoolute tins mule apjieal would have l>een 
im-siritble, and suddenly feeling as ladd a* 
n lion *he stepped up to the d<*k where Hie 
city marshal waa throned, and demanded a li- 
cense for the white dug Tlie two great nil- 
vet dollars which die drew from her puree 
looked Very Intgc to tlie widow Tarhell, vet 
it was with a feeling of exultation that die 
paid them a* ram-om for tire white dog, In 
return fur the money she received n small 
round piece of mrial with a lude bond 
Ihrougli it, lH-nring a certain mystic legend 
w hleli ten.* lo act a* a tH'-l-iii.sn to the wearer. 
Her name ami address were- duly entered on 
the books. Then her agitated little licuuflciatv 
» m* untied from the chair leg. the ru|»c w hiiii 
Ixoind him wn* put into her hands, and with 
a polite courtesy Mr*. Tarhell turns -d to go 

By it sudden" impulse one of the rough 
looking men got up from his chair, owl. Ink- 
ing hi* hnt off. opened tlie door. A light 
Sunil crowed tlie little wotunn a cluck »* die 
ncis pied the nttentiou. and then the two 
small figure*, the black and tlie white, pawed 
out into tlie dellciuit* ( "I'lrado aunriiluc 

" She looked 'moot Inn *mnll to luindle tliat 
big door." said the tall fellow, apologetically, 
a* he re eatahliaheii hia wide Nonilirero on 
tbe luck of his head, nnd. resuming hi* seat, 
tilted his chair once more again*! the wall 
Tlie oilier men smoked on in silence No 
one fell inclined to i hall this shatnefaerd 
Bayard. Mr* Tarhell. meanwhile. |,-d Iter 
willing captive nlong, drlighling iu bis elieer- 
ful Oaperl nml expressive tail. He was 
dirty, to Iw sure, awl he wa* presumably hun- 
gry. Who rsmld tell what hanlsbip* Lie lind 
suffered before falling into Hie hruial hands 
of the law? She stopped to buy Ivor dinner, 
to which ahcaddril five rent*' worth of dog's- 
meat. but Hm; inilliner * door wa* pii— *-d 
cohlly by. Tbo old straw would linvc to 
nerve her another season. 

Before they had gone two blocks. Mi*. 
Nancy had 11:111**1 Mm.* collie llavid, She 
hail no question whatever about tlie name, 
for bad he imt Iran dolixrofeil oat of the 
hands of tlir PbillMinesT Slie was patient 
with him when lie paused to make Hm* ac- 
quaintance of oilier dogs, nnd even once 
w lien he Hiiocevded in w in-ling the cord 
tightly nlxeit her tinkle*. Nevertheless it 
was a relief lo get him home, awl to lie him 
to the |«"t of her flout pulclt, where lie es- 


tablished him>clf with entire willingness, 
mid promptly dropping arieep. forgot alike 
hi* perils ana bl* great escape. 

The hret care of hi* new friend on arriving 
home wa» to secure tlie license upon him. 
lie wa* eollarlesa. bimI site was a good deni 
" pal to it to supply Hi.- lu. K . At lut aba 
rv solved to mcrifiee her shawl urap In the 
emergency She might mi** it. to lie sure, 
when she came lo go home, but iIm-ix, she re 
fl'-Chd, If »be were once on her way home. 
hIh- would not care alioiit any little Incon- 
venience. "*o n* soon n* *br aiui David had 
had a gmd dlmier. rite gnt down tlw* old 
strap, which Itml hung on a certain nail for 
Hie long year*, nml taking a kill hen knife, 
ruthless!) chopped It off to the right length. 
Then slie bored a new bole with her sciwwir* 
for the tongue of the buckle la pass throogb. 
and. going 10 Willie's tool box. found a riiort 
piece of wire with which — it seemed but tlie 
oilier day— be hud been tinkering maieihing 
iiIhujI I be house Willi the wlte she fasten 
«*i the licence securely lo the collar But 
li-fon- D.ivid couhl l»- fi.uad wurthy of such 
decorntion. he wn* subjected to a pretty *e 
vrre Ixtlli In an oh! tub out in Hu- liock 
yard. 

Pttor David! This was a novel nml pain- 
fill dispensation, and l-e submitted only un- 
der protest But hi* new mistreat, wns flrtn. 
and. nrrayed in Iter okiesi caliro gown, with 
aprcladro on her u<**e. ulte applied heraelf, 
with the energy und determination of all her 
Nt*'V Kiiglatid grandmother*, to the tusk of 
scnthhing nnd *-iiiping and *qiu*./ing nml 
combing the dirt out of the long, thick hair. 
Three tuba of water were barely sufficient 
fur the process. Imt Anally David enM'rgeri. 
subdued but cleiut. looking very limp ami 
draggled, and *0 much smaller l<eenu*e 
"f hi* wet, elose-rliuging coat, that fur it 
moment Mr*. Natter tliouglit. with a pang, 
that riie might have washed away a fair; of 
the orlgiual dog. Later, however, when llie 
*un hod dried the fluffy Imlr. and when riie 
fastened the new collar nlcut the neck of 
the *|Kitle»a Mutual, she let him Hi k her very 
ftM.-e, *0 delighted were they both with (lie 
result of her labor* Tlie test of the nfter- 
noon they patticl amietddy together on tlie 
sunny porch. She would look tip oeov-011 
ally from her sewing, and *ay, tiix «3 dog 
gy!"nud David would immediately wag hi* 
tail iu delighted response, lie wa* extremely 
nvanncrly and appreciative of Hie *lightr*t 
attention —always excepting hi* enforced 
al'JulioiiB— and lie seemed lo approve of tbe 
kind eye* of hi* little protectees* a* warmly 
as *Im- approved of bis cool leather no-e anil 
•jw-akiiiL’ ear*. As often na he moved, hi* 
license, bitting against tbe tvllnr buckle. 
IBtule a safe, cheerful round, ami Mr*, Nancy 
felt quite overcome With joy and gratitude nt 
having lasin the cboeen ItiMruiiM-iii of lii* 
preservation. When rit- lighted tlie lamp In 
tlie evening and began in-t ii-gtilnr game of 
iMtckgamttinrj, David eurle«l himself up at 
her feel in a most comiMinlomtlilc manner, 
and pricked hi* ear* with interest at the fall 
of Hie dice. 

But for lier backgammon it would be diffi- 
cult to imagine what Mr* Tnrlstll would 
have done w ith her evenings, for her eye* 
were not strong enough for lending ot sew- 
ing. She hail giA the luilrit of playing hack 
giiouiou With Willie, nflet he Ik-ciuiic loo 
weak foe more active occupations, and they 
had kept Hie score in a little green blank - 
lawik. After he died she had miweil the 
puue. and slie had found it ple«*aDt to tuke 
it up again, and lo play for both herself and 
Willie Tltc wore, too had l<cr-ti continued 
in tiic old book. At the top of cavil- new 

n lgc riie wrote, in her precise old-f:triiinned 
Mid. " Mother," •‘Willie." and under her 
name all the vigtarlrs of tbr " whites'' wen? 
scored, while tb»*« of the " black* ” were 
still record rd lo Willie's cmllk After u 
while Imt eyesight begun to frail *>l ill more, 
and It became mrcMary to lift Hie dice and 
examine them "Bear la" Then gradually 
sire found that the Mack rheckcra occasion- 
ally eluded her. and Hint she wn* straining 
her eyes in her efforts lo ace them in the 
Hhadowy corner* of the board. When at 
last *Im- fi-uud that by an ore night *Ik< had 
commiittsl a llsgrual injustice to Willie'* in- 
teTe-i*. .-he fell that Mimetbing must tic done. 
Being fertile In resource, rite presently Is-, 
thought heraelf of tbe bright-eulnml wafers 
she had played with iu her childhood, and 
to Iter Joy rite found they were still to lie 
bought. Huving pa**e*»rd heraelf of a box 
uf them, rite proceeded to stick a glittering 
gilt *tur tiixiri each side of each checker, bolli 
black ami while, after which llie Checker- 
board took no a showy ibenukal appearance. 

Mrs. Nancy rarely felt lonely when playing 
bnrkgainnion. The rliek of the dice sound 
ed cheerful uud sneinble; tlie checkers, with 
their shining eyes, seemed to lake a mil in- 
terest In the game; and when she scored lire 
r-- lit t" Willie' or to "Motbtg ' Hie old 
familiar everyday rrlntiou rertired rexlnred 
between tlietn, 

To night Willir wa* haring all Ute luck, 
and that was Mire to pul hi* motbrr in the 
ls«.t of spirit*, she play ed on and on, much 
later llran was her custom, till at last tire 
luck turned, and looking at her Slat, gold 
faced watch, rite found, with a shock, that It 
wa* ten minutes after leu o'clock, 

“ My sake*?" sire cried. " I ought to be 
arimini-il of myself' Come. David, cotoo 
right ukuig to lusi. You're going to rieep ou 
the mat ni tlo- buck door. " 

Dnvtd. who whs nothing if not nmenablu. 
iliivifull) wm-tlrd to this iirrungenreut. 



JANUARY 24, 1801 . 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


71 


Even lieforc hi* now mistress lin.il finished 
lying him to the railing, hr hail curled him- 
M-lf up on the mat am) hum fii.t asleep. 
When she putted him on lire head, however, 
bv way nf good night, hi* tail gave u rc»|xm 
st’vo wag, and little Mm. Nancy loft him with 
the friendliest feeling*. 

The next mormon the dog wax gone Yea, 
incredible a* It Kflim. that graceless dog wm 
gone-gnue without a word of farewell. 

Mm. Nancy wm standing caring Hi delect- 
ed mood nt the fragment of airing hr had left 
liehind him, when tlie milkman, one of her 
special cronies. arrived. The good natu red 
Sam vm full of sympathy 

•' I reckon lie came in with some Hindi 
man yesterday, and got b»l in the town. 
I.ike i«* not he's gone borne. Good Irenl! 
I'd just like to see that 'ere rnndmian when 
hi* dog gits hark with a locket miind hi* 
neck!" 

•' 1 wanked him loo. Sum.'' Mrs, Nancy la- 
mented, n« sire accompanied her visitor to the 
gn'e. Sire wiis too conscientious to detail) 
llie man from tlic performance of lii* duty 

" You washed bim'" be cried, a* lie got 
lolo lii* cart. " Jerusalem? I girere. ttat's lire 
Aral time a rtinch doc ever got a taste of a 
hath." 

And the cart ratlin) off. leaving David's 
little friend Mandiugat the gate. It »n‘ ju*t 
after sunrise, and she looktsl ilown Hie street 
to the mountain, which were bathed in a 
flood of translucent crimson reflreted from 
the east. 

"I wonder if the wall* of die heavenly 
Jerusalem look very different from that' 
she mu*ed. a* she glued into the deepening 
color. When she turned Imck to the house, 
•lie liar] almost forgotten the ungrateful run 
awav in thought* of Iter boy and hi* heaven- 
ly abiding place. 

The next aftrrnoon Mr*. Turtrell wm sit- 
ting on Irer front porch endeavoring to read- 
just the l*»ws ii]iou the old straw bonnet, 
She bud taken them off. and sponged both 
ribbon and straw, and she was now trying 
her best to make the bow* hold up their 
head* whh the spin! and grace which dla- 
tioguUh a ml I liner's trimming. 8b» look- 
ed up from time to time to enjoy die relloc 
tiun of the ins* iu the lake (unrounding the 
house. For her gras* was bring Jlnoiksl to- 
day. and that was always a pretty sight 
•• ft looks almost ns pretty a* Watkins'* 
pond not on the Gnodhuiu turnpike,'' she re- 
flected. as the water glistened iu a broad ex 
pause. Hie owned u good piece of land, n 
hundred feet front. Willie had meant to 
have a vegetable giirden when he had got 
strong enough to work iu it, 

A horseman hnd turned into the street, 
and came cantering toward the House. But 
horsemen were a part of the landscape in 
Colorado, ami alie scarcely noticed ’hi* ap- 
proach till a joyful larrk caused her (o look 
up. just in time- to *oe I>nvid take a flying 
leap over the gale and come duiJiiug up to 
her. 

“Why, Davfdr site cried; and then she 
stopped* abashed, far the horseman was al 
ready tying Id* pony to tire post. 

"Mr* Tarlieli f Ire questioned, ns he open- 
ed the gate; anil without wailing for alt an- 
swer. he went on: " I’ve come to thank you 
for getting my dog away from I bone acoun 
drels at lire City Hall They bail the de- 
cency to tell mo wlrere tn look for you." 

"Ok. pmy don't mention it!" said little 
Mr*. Nancy, with oM-fuMomd courtesy, 

" Not mention ill" cried Irer visitor. " It 
was lire kindest thing I ever heard of. I 
don't sec wlmt mad* 1 you do it " 

•• Oh. I roiihln't hrlp it. David looked so 
mlaerwble being draggeu along at tire cud of 
a pole.*' 

"The coward*"’ he cried. "Don't get a 
chnir, mutism 1 like lire ste|*> Iretter. Did 
von call him David' 1 Ire asked, with a twin 
kle of amusement in hi* kiud gray eye*, a* 
Ire staled himself on the low Mep. w Ufa hi* 
long legs trailing off over the walk. 

"Well, yea. 1 didn't know shot else to 
rail him. and as he'd been delivered out of 
the hands of tire Philistine*— 

'Thnt'* u good one!” cried the ranchman. 
••Come here. David. You've got a mune 
now os well a* a lockrt Do you bear that?'' 

David hnd established himself between Ills 
tuasler and his rwcuer. and looked from one 
to the other wilh evident satisfaction. They 
»rrt soon enguged ill nil amicable COttTOfM- 
tlou, quite tiDoonscious of tire picture they 
were forming. The tall niiichmiin, clad in 
full cow Uiv paraphernalia. Ilia ex tended legs 
encased in leathern •• simps" decorated with 
h*iig fringe*, hi* Iselt of rattlesnake skin, hi* 
louoc stiirt showing a triangle of bronzed 
throat, in hi* hand lire broad sombrero clasp- 
ed about wilh a silver hand. 

Little Mr*. Nancy, sitting upright in Irer 
chair. in Irer newt old black gown, holding 
tire forgotten bonut'l in her lap. watched her 
{KCturesijue visitor with the greatest interest 
Aud looking up into the delicate little old 
fare, he noted all the sweetness and bright 
ness which Imd so tong Isren lost upon the 
world To make a clean breast of it. the 
two fell frankly iti love with each otlrer 
upon the spit, and before tire *1 ranger hud 
de|«*rtpd. hr had persuaded her to rislt hi* 
ranch with him the very next Sunday. 

' Hut I don't know what to call you." she 
raid, after having agreed upon this wild e* 
capode. 

■ That'* so, " raid Ire, "I go by the name 
of Wat Warren out here. but they used to 
call roe Walter at home. I wish you would 
call lire Walter." 


"If* a pretty name. " *lre said . "I thought 
some of calling my boy Walter at first." 

Walter wo* ot> the point of depart nre and 
a sudden emharrussiui-iit sremxxl to seize him. 
He hud hi* ham) in Ills trouser* pocket. "I 
'most forgot the money for the license," 
he stammered, as lie pulled out n couple of 
diver dollar*. 

Nobody knows what came over Mr*. Nan 
cv, but she suddenly found slrecoultiol take 
the money. 

"Oil. that's of no conanquroee," she said, 
quite a* though -lie had had the whole Ire* 
miry surplus nt Irer command. "I should 
like to make David a present of the license," 
and as her two visitor* departed at full gal- 
lop sl»e ant down in a flutter of pleasurable 
excitement. 

How surprising Hall w«»! She looked Imck 
upon the last hour quite incredulous. She 
felt ns though she bud known tbU strange 
young man nil her life. Not that he had 
I old her much about his own concern*. On 
the eonlmrr. after comtiliiiientiug Irer on tire 
mi hied of "David's collar and Davids hath, 
he hnd gut her talking about berwif: and 
die had told him about Willie, and about 
Alrhisnn. and about her desire to go iwunc 
to New England. 

"My sake*!" said *he to Irersclf: "wliat 
a chatterbox I'm getting to Ire in my old age! 
Wlial tuuM Ire have thought of me? ' Bill 
in Irer heart she know Ire hail not though i 
any harm of her confidence. There had 
I *-> ii no mistaking the sympathy In (hat miii- 
bnrut face, and if there boa been any doubt 
refunining.lhe heart y grip of the rough hand, 
which die still felt ii|>on her palm, would 
have set her mind quite at rot 

But if Mrs. Nancy wondered at herself on 
Tuesday, she hud fairly lost all track of Irer 
own identity when, on Sunday, she found 
herself seated beside her brutul-sluiuldemi 
friend in a light wagon, bowling over tire 
pnurirs Irebind a pair of fri*kv four-year- 
old*, while David Inumled beside them or 
scampered about in the ruin pursuit of prai- 
rie-dog*. 

" Do you feet afraid ?“ asked her host, look- 
ing protcctlngly down upon the liny figure 
nt hi* side. 

•' Not n mite," die declared. "I never was 
one of tire *carv kind." 

They liad left the mountains lieliind them 
and were speeding to tire east wind It seem- 
ed to ber that n few hours of this rapid pro 
gres* would bring them to tire very shoreaof 
tlie Atlantic. < hi and on they went over the 
undulating yellow plains. A* llrey neared the 
tup of each rise of ground Mr*. Nancy's heart 
stood still in a strange fantastic suspense. 
Would there be trees over beyond, or lake*, 
or river*, or perhaps u green New England 
meadow? 

" Isn't it like sailing?" said her companion 
a* Urey bowled along. 

' I never went soiling." Mrs Nancy replied. 

I've only been out iu n bom on the poad, 
and I Brink this Is pleasanter. '' 

They diil little talking on tbnt drive. Mrs. 
Nancy wo* too entirely absorbed .w Irer new 
experience to have much to »nv But when 
at lut thrv reached the ranch, lying like an 
nasi* Iu the vast barren, with young corn 
sprouting in the wide field* and n handful of 
cotton- woodtree* cluttered about lire house, 
the tears fairly started to the littlr woman'* 
eye*, so much did this hit nf rural l.«D<l*cnpe 
remind her of her owu far away New Eng 
laud. And wlren tire master of Ure house led 
tlie way into n treat little room, with n south 
wind >w looking across tire plains. It came tils 
turn for confidence* 

" This mom wa* built oo for my mother." 

"Did she live bore with you?" 

" No; sire died lief ora she could get here." 

" Oh dear!" said his lii lie visitor. 

The two small word* were eloquent with 
sympathy 

That was a red-letter day for Mr*. Nancy 
TarbelL Sire fell a* though sire wa* getting 
a glimpse of the great West for the first 
time iu uirthesc year*. When her host casu 
ally informed lw'r tliat lie ow ned ahout thir 
teen square mile* of land and four hundred 
hi'sd of raid*-, she gave a little gnap of amaze- 
ment. 

" I always wanted to see a cattle ranch." 
she KHlri. 

"Oil. this U no cattle ranrli. It* only a 
ilniry. " Ami hr took her iilmut through the 
many *1**1* mid barns. which were hidden 
in a hollow a few rod* away, i lere lie show, 
pii Irer id* he house*. hi* huge churn x. arid 
Ida mammoth •'separator " that went whirl- 
ing nroUDil, dividing the crenlu from hun- 
dred* of gallons nf milk in the time it would 
have token her to skim a couple of three- 
pint puns 

" Bake* iHnfdM exclaimed tigniii and 
ngain. a* these wonders were explained to 
her 1 1 Mikes alive ! what would our folks say 
to that?" 

"You'll have n great deal to tell them 
when you go lawk." said Warren, studying 
her animated face 

"Iff ever go." she said, wilh a little sigh. 

Thi* was after dinner, which hnd lo-e-n a 
savory men) served by a man cook. 

•• Do you want very much to got" 

"Oh y«-*! I shall go Just ns soon a* ever 
Atrliison begin* to pay again. I hope I 
haven't any false pride. ' she added, deism 
cntingly, " but I eon live cheaper here than 
I should lie willing to there, w here I've seen 
better day*." 

Brave little Mr*. Nancy* It was not in- 
deed false pride that deterred her, but the 
fear of being a burden to others. 


They were sitting in the big living-room, 
which on thi* great occasion had been made 
ns neat ns her own little parlor Antler* 
and other strange trophies ornamented the 
wall*, when) also guns and spur* ami Irooa 
hung. The little woman did not seem iu the 
least out of place among three warlike oh 
jeer*, She rat in an nldhwthwu chair. Irer 
feel oo u coyote-skin, looking almut her with 
quick bright motions that made lire big fel- 
low think of the shy field creatines lixit some- 
time* strayed over hi* threshold —ground 
squirrels. raliliitH, mid the like David luv 
curled up close lieside Irer. rind iiulf u dozen 
lesa favored dog* lookesl wisifullv in from 
time to time, Warren wa* wondering w belli 
er she rould pa**ii>]v lit in iialuriilly In the 
cliff, scant New Engiauxi life which he luid 
fled uwny from when a boy. Presently be 

"Have you any Idea how much your bouse 
and land are worth?" 

"Oh ves! We paid ten hundred and flflv 
dollar* for It when the house wa* irew. hut it's 
a good deal out of repair now, " 

’ ' But you know real estate is pretty high 
lure Just now." 

Struck hv t lie peculiar emphasis with which 
lie spoke, M r*. Nancy gave him ii slarl led look. 
•• \\ hy— why— what do you mean?" 

"Well, 1 was talking' with n real -estate 
mnti about the value of land tire otlrer day 
and he said you could tenlun six thousand 
dollars on vour place any day." 

“ Six— thousand— dolfnr*?’" 

•■ Y«*. six thousand dollars " 

" Why. that's just what we bud in Atchi- 
son'" 

“ Wrll. I guess Uirre's no question hut that 
you could get that for your land to 
row.” 

It hnd inderd lieen nn eventful day, and it 
wo* followed hy a sleepless olglil. For 
year* link- Mr*. Nancy had had one great 
wish, anil suddenly ii was to Ire fulfilled. 
Sire could go home— home to New England, 
to the village where *he war born, to the vil- 
lage where evervhmly knew her. where they 
would talk of Willie. Through the hour* 
of the night, which sped fool, she thought 
and thought of tire home coming. She pass 
eil in review ail Irer old neighbors, forgetting 
for the moment how many would Ire found 
tiiissiug; sire wumlerrd iu *|Hrit through the 
familiar pastures, beneath the green trees, 
beside the pond nt the foot of the hill Sud- 
denly a Btrange augcertlou intruded itadf 
upon ber thoughts. Must it not Ire “kind o' 
damp wilh nil that swampland so near by. 
mid the great elm tree wi clow about the 
lioutc " ? Her hoiue no longer. howevrT It 
hnd paused into tire hands of strangers— city 
people, whom die did not know. 8bn woii- 
dered where she slum Id live. She should 


But with the alloy of perplexity b 
uni vision* faded, and she fell a*lec| 


her mdi- 
p Foi 


the Hist lime in all these years Um BlOunM 
found Incited doora He wouldn't disturii 
the "little «lddy." but alien he had left the 
ran upon the liick steps he turiwsi away, 
feeling somewhat aggrieved. • 

The next morning, after her house *u 
set in o«ler and her marketing done, Mr* 
Nancy sal her-*.- If down in her porch to 
darn h«r stocking* Hie had foimed the 
habit, for Willie * sake, of doing all tire work 
possible out iu lh« air and suuahiire, and 
sire still clung to all the habits that were 
associated with him Her weekly darning 
wa* a trifling piece of work, for every hole 
which ventured to make its appearance In 
(host* little gray stocking* was promptly 
nipt red in tire bud. 

The water wa* merrily flowing in tlie irri- 
gating ditch, a light breeze was rustling in 
the cotton woods before the door while tire 
passing seemed particularly brisk. Two 
smnll boys went cantering by »u our bare 
bucked boreo, a drove of e-attle pooeod the 
end of tire Street two or Ihrw rcsl* awnv 
driven by niouutcd cow. boys, a collection of 
small children in n donkey can lialusi just 
before her door not of llieir own free will, 
hut Iu olredrenre to a caprice of tire donkey's 
They did not hurt Mr*. Nancy's feeling* by 
rudgt-i'iilig the fnl little Irenst, hut Mt laugh 
ingand whUBing and coaxing bim until, of 
his own nreonl, ha put bi* big flapping ear* 
forw ard ns though llrey tmd been sails, aud 
ainbks) on There were pretty turnout* to 
wateh. iuhI spiritist burses, and Mrs. Nanev 
fieiud her mind constantly wandering froth 
what she meaot should be’ the subject of lier 
thoughts. 

Wlren the piMmmt appeared around the 
corner lie cam*- to Irer gate and lifted the 
latrfa. It was not time for her siunlt tank 
dividend. Tire letter must Ire from her hus- 
band * sister in law. who wrote to her about 
twice a year. A* Mrs. Nancy am down to 
read Uie letter her eye* wwtrd for a moment 
upon the mountains 

" If Almint could have come with the let- 
ter she'd have thought those snowy peak* 
were worth tire journey," she raid to herself. 
And then she read tire letter. 

Here it la: 


" Dkar XxxrY. — Excuse my long silenoe, 
hut I'ti; lieen suffering from riK'iiinutislii 
dreadfully, ami haven't hud tire spirit to 
write lo anrhody hot my Attain. It * bora 
so kind of Innrsome sinre sire went away 
that I guuM that's why tire rlreumatism got 
such a ItoW of me. W hen you ain't got any- 
body lrelonging to you. you iret kind of low 
spirited. Then lire weather— it's been about 


n* had a* I ever wen It Not a good hard 
rain, hut a sternly drizzle-drrixzle day after 
day, You can't put your f-«d out of duora 
without getting your petllcoAU draggled. 
But you'll want to bear the new*, t'oiisin 
Josiuin he died Inst month, and lire plius* 
wiioroid to nuitiou. Deacon Stehhin* bouglit 
it low. He's getting bnr.li t-.fl-ied every year. 
Eliwi Stehhin* slir's pretty fur grave with lung 
trouble, living in that damp aid place; hut 
he won't Iresr to making any change, and 
sire ain't got life enough left to »sk for It. 
Both Irer boys I* off to Boston. Does seem 
as ihoiigti you couldn't hold the young folks 
here with ropes, and I don't know who's 
going to run tire farms and thr corner store 
when we're gone Going pretty fast we Ire 
too. They've been right death* in (lie pur- 
rislt since last Tlisuksgiving — Mary Jane 
Eva ii « nud me was >s>untiiig them up last 
sewing ciixile. Mr. Wiilimns, tire new min- 
Ulor made out as we'd Utter find a more 
cheerful subject-, hut we told him old Par- 
*ou Edwards before him had given Us to un- 
derstand that it was profitable and edifying 
to Hie Spiritual man to dwell on thmigliis of 
dontli aud eternity They do say that Par 
snn William* would Ire glad to get another 
parri*4i. lie'* a st-rriiig kind of moo, and 
there ain't overmuch lo stir round here. I 
sometime* wish I could get away myself. 
I'd like to go down to Boston and hoard for 
a spell, j.«i ro see somebody |m**mg hr; bat 
the* ray hoard's high down ilrere mid liv- 
ing < |s*ir. nml, after all, if* about as easy lo 
stick it out here I don't know though* I 
wonder that you feel's you do about coming 
home, Tain t what you're used to out West, 
aud I don't suppose 'you ever feel real easy 
in vour mind from row-boy* and Indlau* 
ami wild animal*. I w«* reading only yes- 
terday almut a grizzly-bear that killed u man 
rigid there in the Rocky Mountain*, and I'm 

f ad you feel's you do about coining home. 

*kauM like to think (hat you'd be here to 
close my eyes at tlie last, 

•• But no more at presoni. Thi* is quite a 
letter for me. Your true friend, 

A min a Tahrell. 

" P 8 — You renumber mv old tabby that 
1 set such store hy? She died along iu March, 
nnd I hurled Irer under the siigar mapic swle 
of the barn, The maples didn't do as well 
fills year." 

"Poor Almira.' said the little widow, fold- 
ing the letter with a sigh; "she* having * 
real lurd time. I do feel for her. I declare " 
Ad hour after, when her new friends War 
reu and David came to inquire bow she had 
borne the fatigues of Irer yesterday'* drive, 
they found Irer sitting with the letter In her 
blinds. There was a bright flush on her 
cheek*, and a look of perplexity iu her bine 
eye*. 

"Fine day. isn't it?" said Warren, while 
David wagged hr* tail till it almost touched 
Ilia ear*. 

"Yea. If a a very One day. Pear* to me 
Colorado never did look to nice as it doe* to- 
day " 

' ' That la because you're thinking of leav- 
ing us." Warren rejoined, thoughtfully pull 
lug the ear* >>f David, who could scarcely 
contain hinreclf for joy at being the object of 
such a flattering attention. 

"I don't know's 1 should lie In such a 
hurry to go right straight away, even if 1 
could wll my laud." said Hie widow, clapping 
the letter into Iwr pocket wilh a guilty air, ' 
They chatted awhile in tlie lirlglit *uu 
shlue. and Warren siviti had an inkling of 
the little wnmnn'* slate of mind. 

" 1 don't suppose, now, you'd tic willing to 
take a ground tent on the other half of your 
land if n ilesindile party should apply? A 
rent. say. for live year*, wilh the privilege of 
purchase at tlie expiration of the term'; 1 ' 

The long ward* sounded very lechtiien] 
and business like, yet rather agri ridite too. 

“ You mean somebody might like to build 
on mv land?" 

"That'* the idea.' - said Warren. “Fhet 
»»," he went on. after a piume. " I happen to 
know n nice steady young fellow who is 
thinking of getting married lie told ine be 
would be w illing to pay ♦900 and laxe- " 
"Three hundred dollars'" cried the won- 
during little hind owner ■• Why, 1 should 
feel like a rich woman!" 

" Well, the land's worth it. anil the young 
man'* able to pay." 

The air was growing warmer nnd sweeter 
even- minute, aud the water in the irrigating 
ditch sounded quilc jubilant n* it raved post 
the house. Yes, Colorado wn* a plcaaant 
place to live in, rspocinlK with Walter War- 
ren for a neigh Iwr only ten mile- away. 
Tire ranch didn't seem at all far off since 
that rapid drive ocrews the prairie*, 

She sat *o long silrnt that Irer visitor felt 
he must offer greater Inducements. He be- 
gan pulling David's cars *n vigorously that u 
dog of a Sera refined petrrptiun might have 
howled remonstrance, and then, wliilr the 
color deepened in the sunburnt fare and au 
engaging sliyuewa poatewed him. Warren 
raid. '• Perhaps you'd take more kindly to 
Ute arrangement if you knew who the young 
man was’’ 

*• My dear, arc you going to get married?" 
cried Mr* Nancy, forgetting alike her per 
plexitkw nud her dre ams of opulence. 

"Weil, yes. I am; soma lime next fall 
Sire lives isick East ; and I thought it would 
lie nice to have a little place in town where 
we could slay through the off season* 
You'll let u* come, won't yon?" he cried, 
with u look of boy ish bereeihing •• I know 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. vow** xxxr.. },„ 



TITE LATE GF.OROE BANCROFT, HISTORIAN.— Prom t«r Paintixo by Gcbtat Rirnrxn — [8 ke Paoe 68.] 


you would if voa could tee Jenny. PAe’i m> 

tirtrf 

Tim momentous visit wim over, Warren 
li-sd hud Ills turn at confidence*. and bus 
now ‘trillion down the strcct.with David at 
Ilia heel*. 

The little widow stood at the Rate, her 
heart feeling bigger and warmer than for 
many a long day. Once more she looked 
down under the row of cotton -woods. which 
had come Into full lenr during the pan week, 
looked to where her giant mountain wlrli 
lior alood, strong and constant as an old 
friend. The air seemed dearer, the sunshine 
brighter, than ever before. The running 
stream was singing its own gay song, and for 
once It waked no longing in Imt breast. As 
Mrs. Nancy turned to walk up the path, she 
drew forth Almira - * letter, not without a 
inrimnitarv pang of remorse. With the let- 
ter in her hand she paused again, nud looked 


anil listened as though she would drink In 
the whole of Colorado at one draught. Sud- 
denly n gleum of roguish wiJfulne-sa came 
into the sweet old face, and speukiog half 
aloud, she murmured. 

"I don’t kuow hut I’m geltlng to he a 
hearth-mold woman, but— I'm afraid I’d full 
as lief somebody else closed Almira's eyes 
for her!" 

Awl with this revolutionary reiit I meat the 
faithless little Xew-Englnnder passed into the 
house that had at lust taken an the dignity 
and the prrciousocM of a home 


IP YOU HAD A FRIEND 

Abont to villi njm section cl Iks nui rjr where 
msIsrUI lit— r«*e. eufcer la Ibe Isa uf chilli ltd 
f»«r ur bitmni rraslttent «»• farttrnlsrly rife, what 
would be stoat IS. tost siltl.-e you c°atd glee him? 
W* will Mil jua— to carry slang, or proems oa ar- 


riving, that | Mitsui mediclual ssfrxninl. HosCetlsr's 
Momseh Bitun, knuwu llirungluxit maUrta-ptagued 
n-fl'Mii, hero amt lu olhsr ooaiilrtre, sa IBs lineal 
bwsim of disarming tiis wtnim.il lr in«rp-, anil rob- 
kin( li uf Me Ml dcmmcllie UButncr. N«| ,m r d.t. 
k fuctlfy the mi™ by lucrasilog Its Unmltu. but 
ovsreoascs Irrrgmlmiy of digestion, lbs lire/ sud IU 
bowels, sud cuaiilerscU tbe uulsvunblu vffucu uf 
owr-axietlun, bodily sud menial expnauts lu roagt 
w Il.tr , .« ocrapallnn l»o sedentary nr UbartOM, bos 
of sptMtMr, and »«<t-*ler servonimwt. Tlio fuucitoos 
of oltwatallai, hi I loos Mcretlno. sad ileep lure hi 
U a Boil ittwrrfut acd irllaMa auxiliary.— (.Hr.} 

WHS. WimutV’S MXXITIIXn HYRIP 

baa her* saail fnr over *f> r erera liy inlUloui r< 
m -lh»r» fur thel- children ■blleieelhlna. wjlli iurfert 
aoeisti. IlMMiOw>iherklld.«i(li-nailii< pin™, sllnjri 
art pslu.rarei wlwd r-illc, and Is Hi* ImwI ioomiI* fur 
■tlinl.HK Sold ley droutila lu rrwy sail of the 
world. Tweuty-Aic cauls a tulUc.— [Jda.| 


the pahWr many roars, and are mary where acknowV 

ftr*d to he IB, hcM rr.nt.lt fl* u iraa i i .wbk*. 

Tbri qul.bly irllr.H O h (be. Hot* Throat, and Bmwlil- 


When si* See sine Ml- Ho clang lo Q 
Wkeu ato bad CULM ten, ant K iv« t | um c, 


BROW ft W llOdltRlltiMi PANACEA, 
••TUB t.KKAT PAIN BKUEVKU." (area 
Cramps, colic, coHit all pauie. ttru.s bocUs.-<4dr.) 


snnlluge t'nmd-i, 

Brn»m'» Pstsnsisn lives, era ore to. 
ftowludgnt lUe |iarvst sad Lott. -(Adr J 



SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. 

A NEW ENGLAND “CITY OK HOMES.” 


S PRINGFIELD, Massachusetts. tire 
‘ oldest «f nil (lie American Spring- 
field*. read* it* title clear iu llfil to 
a front seal in the world'* amphi- 
theatre of beautiful nud bustling 
eititn. and well maintain* tire complimentary 
character that ha* come to tin acceptance of 
late year* of being " a City of Hornet" It U 
of itself full of element* uf beauty, and i* »ct 
thickly uliout with attractive surrounding* — 
the choicest that the valley of the Connecticut 
River tin* to offer ill ull it* long reach and 
ramble, from the wild sublimity of il* head 
waters in the region* of the White and Green 
Mountain* to ibe quiet repose of it* varied 
ami wayward winding* through valley *nd 
meadow along it a course*, where 1* heard the 
lively hum of Ita deftly turned millwheel*. 

After a cbryaall* state of existent* of two 
hundred and 'sixteen year* of hnmU-l and 
village life and thirty-nine year* of city pro- 
scnc« and prosperity . Springfield come* forth 
"adorned as a bride," with chaplet* of em- 
erald lined forestry, to please the eye by day; 
with tiara* of glittering electrical bright u«is 
on every street corner nHiighifidl; with brace- 
lets of ringing steel street railway track* iu 
profuakta; with her gate* of hospitality wide 
open to the world at large, her landscape 
loveliness unsurpassed, and her homes those 
where twill Mae and beauty bleod hatmtmi- 
uuslv together, aud where pence and plenty 
reign. This is Springfield, Marauchusctte, La 
1ML 

Of the thirty Springftelda that dot Uie local 
map* of the same number of Stale* of the 
Uuited State*, Springfield on the cast hank 
of the Connecticut ltlver, over against w here 
the Agawam— old time Wuronuco— emptio# 
its water* into the Connecticut, If not the 
parent, is at least the sponsor for their titles. 
Its Oral settlement was made In 163$. two 
hundred *od flftv-flve years ago. and never 
in all Ummc two bund red and fifty five yean 
has it beeo posicfd of more vigor or virility, 
never a brighter or belter habitation for hu- 
manity to gather together In for dwelling 
prosperously and contentedly, than now. 

At first the town was limited to fifty fam- 
Uica; now we may hare fifty thousand— if 
we can grt them ; and the recently gathered 
census figure* tell u* that we have nearly 
that number of people uireadr. Then no 
one but William Pynrhnti, the founder of 
the town, was allowed to have more than 
ten acres in a home lot; now one may have 
a* large au acreage or lot a* one can pay for 
—or, ui accordance with the modem war of 
doing thing*, get credit for. History tells us 
that " the great work of the oeltler* wa* to 
eelaldlsh and spread the kingdom of Uud iu 
the New World." That this lias Ixwu accent- 

S fished, at least measurably . vre have abun- 
»ot evidence in the Christianized methods 
of our everyday life, hut there Is equally 
conclusive evidence that the annul " spread " 
1* m much to be desired now as it was then. 
The kingdom of God may buve been spread 
abroad, but the kingdom of fitiUn still bolds 

C mitre ni place on God'* footetool, and la- 
loua efforts to dislodge the latter from 
one of hi* accredited stronghold* »« the 
occasion of die founding of the first Spring- 
field In America. Although an interesting 
story, tnavbap, tliat of William Pynchoo. we 
wifi not attempt lo repeat it here. As it is 
with the Springfield of to-day that we are 
more particularly dealing, we will only refer 
briefly to the fact that " the great Work of it* 
settler*' was of an orthodox nature, and to 
be nccomplUhcd by missionary effort. With 
this reference lo the object bad in view in 
the formation of the town, let us leave (lie 
then uf our Springfield with the pail, and 
turn to its present condition and prospective 
outlook. 

Springfield is. by ibe combined Influence* 
of location and force of circumstance, tire 
metropolis of western Mwiftimctt* a* Bos- 
ton is of New England, and New York of 
the Western hemisphere. Hampden, Uump- 
ahlre, Franklin, and Berkshire counties, and 
annin of the ragged though rich edge* of 
Worcester, with nil their varied and thriv- 
ing Industrie*, tlieir educational Institutions, 
their commercial and financial feature*, tireir 
political, religions, and social life elements, 
centre bv common consent and convenience 
in Springfield, Iu growth and prosperity 
hare been steady and continuous, from » ball! 
let in 1636 lo a thriving village in after year*, 
and from a city of some fourteen thousand 
people in 1833. when it took on city lire aod 
honors, to ono of nearly fifty thousand in 
185*0. having au enviable position as a com- 
mercial ana industrial centre, and of fast be- 
coming ono of the most delightful and de- 
eirablo places of family residence In New 
England; yea, let us tell the whole truth, in 
the wide world. 

The Connecticut liivcr come* down from 
the White and Green Mountain regions of 
New Hampshire and Vermont, cleaving 
Franklin. Hampshire, nml Hampden coun- 
ties In twain, with the traffic of the (Tmnectl- 
cut River Railroad in close relation along iu 
banks; while the extended arm* of steel of 
the Boston and Albany Railroad reach out 
to the eastward, through Worcester, Middle- 
sex. and Norfolk counties, to Boston, and to 
the westward, up from the Connecticut Vnl* 


BY CLARK 


ley Into and among the Berkshire bills, mak- 
ing of Springfield the central office of Its 
traffic and travel for western Massachusetts 
and vicinity Tin? New York, New tUvcn, 
and Hartford Railroad here has Interchange- 
able connection with the Burton and Albany 
and Connecticut River railroads, forming iu 
combluutiou one uf the beet-equipped and 
most profitable of railway systems, the New 
York and New Haven reaching up from New 
Y'urk to Springfield, the- Boston and Albany 
passing through Hpringfichl on its two hun- 
dred mite stretch from ■ the Huh to the Hud- 
son." and tho Connecticut River road con- 
necting Springfield with Montreal and t^ue- 
bee ou its pawtuge over the direct line of 
travel through the While rod Green moun- 
tain*. The New Englund Railroad alto bus 
oue of it* termini here, stretching out to tho 
coal field* of Pennsylvania, to tide water com- 
petitive freighting facilities, lo the lending 
mart* of trade of New EugUnd, to the me- 
tropolis of (he Western world, to tire great 
West, the greater Northwest, aud still be- 
yond. To these advantages of traffic and 
travel a branch of the Bmton and Albany 
run* up through cornu of (lie flourishing 
towns of eastern Hampden and western 
Worcester to Athol, where connection U hod 
with the Fitchburg line uf rail* ay from Buo- 
too to the far West, 

The excellent futilities for communication 
and intercommunicntiou which Springfield 
enjoys have bi«u prominent factor* in the 
introduction and maintenance of its lively 
nod profitable commercial and Industrial life. 
Its exceptional facilities os a distributing cen- 
tre have secured fur the city many brunches 
of business not usually to be found in place* 
of iu site aod comparative importunes, no- 
tably the Waaou Railway Car Manufactory; 
the manufactory of the Smith Wesson re. 
volver*, the valve manufactory at Indian Or- 
chard; the publishing house of Webster'* 
Unabridged fnow International) Dictionary; 
the manufacture of envelopes, popeftrift, and 
folded papers (numbering half a dozen dif- 
ferent establishments), the preparation uf col- 
ored and glared papers, and the manufac- 
ture of paper collars, made feasible by the 
cloie proximity of Holyoke and other ; taper- 
mill ecu ire* of western New England; Iho 
manufacture of sewing-machine needles, bi- 
cycle. halloo, and abate manufacturing; wire- 
wearing, railway axle making, bridge-build- 
lac holler- making, and oruameuial iron- 
working; brass- work* and iron-foundries; 
decorative wood-working; gus-mucblne man- 
ufacturing; tlie manufacture of small tools 
and of palm* nod chemical*; with many oth- 
ers of a tnisrcUroeous nature — nearly tbu 
whole Hu beifig largely Indebted to Spring- 
field's excellent transportation facilities fur 
tlie success whirl, they hate unlfurmly at- 
tained. 

On lire bank* of the " famous river," which, 
according to historic record. flr*t became 
known to the English in 1631, and where in 
1633 lire while mro Hist BUM his appear- 
ance, the Iron horse now to**r* hi* tfaocy 
inane up and dawu and across the (Juont-ck- 
Ucut, or Long ltlver, of old time record; 
mile* of busy stres- 1 * ore tastefully arid elabo- 
rately built up; church spires point heaven- 
ward In large numbers; a wore and more of 
well-appointed schoul-houses are scattered 
from river - hunk lo easterly suburb* and 
plain*, aod from Rockrimmoa to Fccowhc ; 
stores packed with ml«elluut<ius merehau- 
disc Hue the more prominent thoroughfare*; 
the busy wheels of industry revolve glibly 
ou the less frequented street*; and tho pul-i 
of a sensible and chancing domestic life 
beats reqtonsircly lo the echoes of commer- 
cial thrift aud hduncM «ucccm. 

The pogi-s of tvpringfiehl's history were 
numbered but slowly during the days of Iu 
early generation*, and the learr* of it* hook 
of fate were but leisurely turue-d, until Its 
village baud* were suudered, and a muni of 
citylifo dawned upon its fortune* It bo- 
carne a city May 33, 1832, having then a 
population of about 1 4,000. It w»* at first 
a city of Mattered localities. and fur a lung 
time was called, in badinage, "the infant 
city of magnificent distance*. Court Square 
was the axle upon which its wheels of 
bu-diicsa and social being revolved Round 
Hill wa* out of town. The railway depot 
was one locality, the armory another, as wa* 
the upper water shops, and the lower water 
shops— now no more -still another. Inter- 
vals of hut thinly populated streets connect- 
ing these different local ities were, in many in 
stanoca, adjacent lo pasture* where the fam- 
ily cow of the resident villager chewed the 
cud of contentment complacently in sum- 
mer. and the ring of tlie skater * steel v us 
Ward uswr at liood in winter. 

For a long series of year* the Springfield 
armory, and mote particularly it* arsenal, 
where 

*' Pram tfcw In rrtUtig, 

Like s tiuga orgw, tltu iu konMml sms,” 
wire the lion of the town, and it was rare in- 
deed that a visitor to the village — Of after be- 
coming a city even— wa* allowed to came 
within the gates thereof and depart without 
"doing" the armory building* and grounds, 
and a view from the arsenal tower had with 
It an exaltation of soul nud sense not exceed- 


r* BRYAN. 

ed. perhaps, by thoee to whom It may fall In 
Imagination to 

*' SisikI wlirr* Moan stood, sod vlrw tha laudtcspe 

o - «." 

From this far reaching outlook the eye 
rrsia upon a Mcne of surpassing loveliness, 
while the ear lUu-iis lo subdued echoes from 
the distant mw and rumble of the life of u 
hustling city, and the nmthined w;n«* look, 
listen, and linger, in a high degree of enjoy- 
ment and sotisfuriioo, upon ascetic that may 
scarcely he equalled for Its fascinating pro 
scntntiun of both active and still life pic- 
tures. 

From the arsenal tower the eye lakes in. at 
a hasty giatsco northward. Mount Holyoke 
and Mount Tom from pinnacle to buttress, 
with tho spires of Holyoke city reaching sky- 
ward from their foot-hills, with the Connecti- 
cut River winding its sluggish course be- 
tween To tho westward, the Agawam River 
threads it.* way up to ami among the Berk- 
shire HlIK with the village* of Mitt inrogue, 
West field Fairfield. Russell, Huntington, 
Cheater, Becket on the- Railway, with Mont- 
gomery. Mlddlcflchl, and Beckat Centre 
crowning the neighboring hill-tups, like beads 
on a silver cord, with no one bead like 
unto another. Lcuniug up against the west- 
ern sky, outlying and beyuod all these, 
the far famed him of Berkshire stand forth 
lu bold relief, ns If In shut out tlie great 
world beyond from lire seeming Micrcd pro 
cinct* of Connecticut Valley charm*. Turn- 
ing to the southward, the skie* nppireuily 
hang lower than In nny other direction, the 
earth acui sky blending In distance so remote 
that it is Indeed difficult to tell where one 
begins and Utc other lotvc* off. To the cast, 
only a half score uf utiles away, rise* 

M lf«fagM6 mountain, wVre CM dvr* II 

A lotuly jruulti who no Lnoiru quit* ■•It, 1 ' 

o* told of lu the old-time ditty, tlie culmina- 
tion of the tragic event being when “a pizin 
tuirpiiit hit his heel," as the song, which has 
been sung In ull quarters of the globe, ha* 
told its again and again. Thu "sad" clr- 
CUma lance gave Springfield its wound throb 
of notoriety, tin: first being tiro liule it u plea- 
Kim Incas of a religious flavor iu which Wil- 
liam I’yuchou and I’lirson Moxbou of early 
day funw were purticipsoi*. 

The streets are remarkable for their wealth 
of graceful trend and tracery, aud often for 
their picturesque reach nml range. Whether 
the tnolllJun that lla original street* were 
pathway* for the villagers cow* between the 
Lomcstcuds aud the outlying fields is a faith- 
ful one or not. It la difficult for a street to bo 
named tluit bo* not a curve or deflection, or 
nu angle more or less acute arid almrp. But 
be they straight or he Urey crooked, there U 
scarcely one of any premier- ore tbut has not 
at some point feature* of shujwly Mtmhlance 
aud beauty, which, taken in combination and 
in connection with surrounding artificial for- 
retry, make up a city whose public walk* 
anil way* are surpssningly lovely and attrac- 
tive. .Main Street. us full of curves and bends 
as the river itself, divides the low land* of the 
city about midway from the river hunk to 
tire first rise to the" eastward, from the Chic- 
opee dividing line on the north to that of 
LongnwwduW ul the south, and lltia, the street 
1 *ir «wUfj ire, j* thoroughly cosmopolitan in 
ail its leading characteristic*. It Ls lined on 
either side, here with tire homes at once of 
nabob* anti nobodic*. there with tlie stately 
marls uf trade and tire modest shop of the 
mechanic. It* pavement* are thronged alike 
with the hurrying footstep* of the millionaire 
aud they of modest tneana, apparently ou 
terms of equality each with tire other. 

Substantial evidences of the fact that "the 
great work of the settlers to establish lire 
kingdom of God," etc., has not been In vain. 
Springfield now lists twelve Congrtcalloual 
church organisation*, one being of "French 
Proti-siaiil proclivities, uud our with a mem- 
bership mane up from the city's colored imp- 
utation; six Methodist KpiKo|sd, including 
one colored; five Baptist, inrluiling one cob 
oml ; one Episcopal; onu L'nunriau ; one Uni- 
venuillst. ami one Union Evangelical; one 
Swedctihurgian; une Second Advent; one 
Jewish synagogue; OH Spiritualistic Union; 
five Roman Cntbolie, two being of Krench 
nationality. Of ibeMa g<x>dly number have 
coally churolt edifice*, with all " nu xlern im- 
provLiiieut»."and all are comfortably housed 
and temporally succcsaful. Sii|ipU-meiiting 
this practical clement of lire city's religious 
life, a large number of beucvoleiil orgnntZA- 
lion*. are in active and healthful existence, 
tire leading onus of which are the Union Re- 
lief Aaoclntlon, for Ibe cxinslderutc dispensa- 
tion uf charity throughout the city, having 
an Industrial Home, the latter aiming to aid 
destitute person* by devising way* iti which 
they may partially or wholly help ilretnwlvas; 
a Home for Frletidlews Women uud Children, 
with separate establishments, both of wbreli 
are. however, under one mauugemelit and 
control; tl Provident Dispensary, tho object 
of the management being protection against 
pauperizing among famine* who tuny be pre- 
venter! from caring for Iboaoelvc* through 
sickness or accident. 

The first notable business boom experi- 


enced by Springfield after becoming a city 
wtu in 1661. when President Lincoln iastted 
hb famous cull for troop* to fight the battles 
of tbo Union. Tlw United State* armory 
was transformed la a few months from a 
dull and almost lirete** military post into a 
busy manufacturing establishment. Work- 
men were called from all quarters, gun Bak- 
ing luachitrery wa* built and bought a* brat 
It might lie, old building* were enlarged, and 
new oue* erected on the government ground-, 
until ihc ttpiiugiield armory wa* enahh-d to 
equip a full regiment with arms in a single 
day. This fact necessarily made Springfield 
fintoux, and gave much occasion for its name 
and locality to lie kepi constantly before the 
eye* of tire people nut only of our own Innd. 
hut incidentally of the world at large. Over 
three thousand men were at work at gun- 
making early In I lie war; while Just before 
ib breaking out only some two hundred mid 
fifty could he moated. The city limit* had 
scarcely room lo contain the new oomcis, 
had nut food and shelter sufficient for tlie 
proper accommodation of all tire workmen 
w ho hud U*-n *o suddenly gathered upon the 
grounds of our nutioual urniury . From sheer 
necessity many of these sw armed into lire unl- 
iving precinct* in *carelt of temporary homes. 
Railway car* brought to the city eweb morn- 
ing scores of workman from Chicopee, Chic- 
opee Falls, Holyoke, Northampton, West 
ypriiigrteld.Mlltiireugue.und Westfield; while 
hastily improvised vcbklea entue loaded daily 
front Longnieudow, east and weal, from Ago- 
warn, WIlMlfem* Ludlow, aud inlervernng 
farm houses, all returnin gat nightfall Lad- 
ed with weary workmen and empty dinner 
pail*. Every available house iu the city was 
Stowed full of humanity from buetlH'M IO 
attic ; boarding houses sprang up. like Jonah's 
gourd, in a night, were ready to “take hoard- 
ers "in the morning, and prosperity ruled 
the hour. When the war wa* ended, aud the 
occasion for more urm* hod patacd away, 
many of tire men who had sought and foumi 
work in the armory hod seen enough of 
Springfield to convince ihrcn that it was au 
excellent place In which to make homes for 
themselves uud their fnmilir*; that it had 
good church, school, aud general serial priv- 
rUtges and advantuna, with tho promise of a 
rapid grow ih aud devrlopincnt in all depart- 
ment* of even - day living. A* a conse- 
quence, many round ways and means for lie 
turning permanent residents; and lire build- 
ing of new houses, stores, aud block* wu* 
commcuced. as was the work of improving 
old and opening new street* and thorough- 
fares, tire sttccemful development of new In- 
dustrial Interests buving since hern made 
without even a break or halt. The war of 
1861-1 may then be jiutly credited with 
being Hie kultlal cause of Springfield * mate- 
rial growth and prosperity, which has ever 
slnee steadily increased, been multiplied and 
added to, until she now enjoys a well earned 
fume as a notably flourishing and promising 
business centre, in addition to its oft-quoted 
MAriijiut of “a City of Home*-" 

Tlie educational feature* of the city have 
prominence iu one high, eleven grammur, 
one manual - training, and sixteen primary 
schools, with, generally speaking, com m odi- 
ous ami well-appointed school bouse*, many 
of which have been erected within tire lust 
decade of years. p<wressiug all modern nppli- 
anre* and appointment*; two Roman Catho- 
lic parochial school*, two young ladies' sem- 
inaries of eminent fame and Bellied fortune*, 
oue French I’rulexlant college, one busim-M 
college, one pu pamtory school, one commer- 
cial *■ hool.aad a lialf-dozco juvenile private 
schools. 

In connection with the educational and 
literary tranche* of rjty t-*inbliriinient aud 
austcuance, the City Library holds prominent 
place. This institution wu* orgumxed iu 
1837, tire organization being the outcome of 
the cunsolklatioo of two ul that time rival 
bodies— the Young Men * Literary Auaocla- 
tiuu and the Young Mena Institute The 
city provided a room In the City Hull, fur- 
ntihed rent, fuel, and light* free fur tire new 
organization, and from 1861 to 1870 the use 
of books on tire premises was matte five lo 
all. by an annual appropriation of glUtiO from 
the city, the yearly t-uhscribc-ra ;hi\ ing one 
dollar for tire privilege of drawing hooka 
for home reading. The library in 1870 con- 
tnined some 17. WO vultiines, aud hud a fund 
contributed by citizens of $43,000. Tlie ns- 
aociatiutt wn* reorgunlxed iu 1870, under n 
new charter, with authority to hold real and 
personal estate to the umuunt of (1 30.000, 
which ha* since boea increased to $300,000. 
The library having outgrown its allotted 
space in the t'ity Hall, a few public spirited 
citizen* xlaricd a srhenw for a library build- 
ing. The lute Hon. George liliss gave tire 
IiiimI where lire buildiiig now stand*, and 
$ 10 .iXi 0 cosh, ns a nucha* for a building 
fund. In the spring of 1871 the new build- 
ing was completed at n cort of $160,060. with 
a debt of only $33,000, and this w«b soon 
wiped out. It w»g opened to the public at 
* free library iu 188.3. During tire year 1880 
12.201 person* drew book*, and the number 
of liooks drawn and given out for reference 
in the library hall numbered 107.283 volume* 
The number of took* added during the tome 



74 


SUPPLEMENT To HAK 



Hr*uirnv»< 

IHMSQ3JSV 


^iles r\c.r?M\, 


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MjHj 


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7G 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


lime was 311 to, bringing tbe number of rol- 
utnra no w in tbe library up to 73, 723. Full 
lu overflowing is ibu word, and it U already 
found MCCmary to provide additional room 
ut no tibiuni day, in older to be able lu prop- 
erly ni»*t the rapidly increasing demands 
upon it* mtv ice anil ropuciikx, Fur this 
pur|x>M ibe old-time Elijah Blake hi-ioerUuil, 
adjoining llie library domains on the cast, 
him liet'M purchased, with a view to the erec- 
tion of an additional Imitdiugat mu call) day, 
a bicU shall be not only supplemental quar- 
ter* lor the library proper, but afford room 
fur ii» non clumped museum department, 
and lor tin- em-Uou or iui art gallery, lu 
which Mr. G. \V. V. Smith bo* generously 
donated a rich ami rare colk-etiou of ait trea- 
an ru», which lie lw» gullre-re-d from all quar- 
Irih of Uie g Voire iu the course of many years 
of foreign trav el. 

With all ns well maintained (irearoce of a 
trappy blending ol the miiierlul nlilfl Unit go 
to make up u solidly pru»|*-M)iM city, there 
have come iu addition or late by means of 
generous gifts and grant* elements of lott- 
ing ts-auly tlial have promise iu their full 
deveVujuiHiiil of giving to Springfield the 
opportunily mid menu* ol possessing u free- 
to uli wide outtcmli of delightful landscape 
Mviitiy unexcelled. if it limy be equalled 
even, else where. Forest Park, donated to 
the city by O. 11. Green leaf, a reridcal whoso 
mutcnal prosperity bus been gathered here, 
and the homestead o( E. il. Harney, of aiiiti- 
luriy acquired fortune; together with tbo 
picniir-pivly beautiful and clulionitely np 
|v.iinted surrounding grounds of tbe latter, 
•I 40 donated, with Hie imrchiueof nn inter- 
mediate farm, give, in combination, a park of 
some live hundred acre* of forest and field, 
of vuusbine and shade, of water ■ falls, cas- 
cades. end lakelets, fountain* and flower*, of 
open carriage driveway* ami forest foot- 
path*. of bridle path* and rustic bridges, of 
mviiuw mul ili.vnn*. presenting in tbe giuud 
whole u k*lciduM-o|« of Genuine natural 
beauty, pleasautly intermingled with the iiu- 

C oving elements of eullivuted life which me 
lug here strewn from tbe open bund* of 
tustc anil art profusely. Tin* piurk, to u Inch 
ii boo of uhclricul railway cur* lead* from 
tbe heart <if the town, covers the holder lug 
territory of the city on Us toutbera extremi- 
ties. and commands tbe gatewuy of iogic*» 
and egtv*» lo ami from tbe brood and thick- 
ly tree- lined avenue of historic old Long- 
rneiidon, which is declined ut lio distant day 
lo become tbe southern suburban ward of 
Ibe city iu its rapidly extending sweep of 
ad* led territory, 

While these briefly described improvc- 
meirs and accretions are going slow ly for- 
ward, older llitmiHlen Park at the north end, 
with tbe Connecticut Ulver flowing quietly 
by oil it* westerly Ixirdrr*. *imI the tracks 
of live Connecticut Hirer Knllroad deflutog 
ils boundary on tbe eastward, bolds uiuiiy 
channs as a ivtrvuiiou centre, although ol u 
different nature from those of Forest Dark. 
This, once a ruUirbsp loculi l_v . now well *ur- 
rounded by business activities, still Imlds iu 
old lime prestige as un arena where the cir- 
cus ring-matter crack* bis whip and tbe 
clown hu rvu|Kiratcd jokes as ntrrrily a* 
ever, where bailoou MeeiMtoo* lore uone of 
their early protige. where the dumond Held 
l» kept well trisliicn. uud where flye-ra show 
their pace* on n fori niik track. Hampden 
l*urk had its origin iu the flrsl Biinuu pure 
' horse show JS-plembcr, 1 tA3— ever given 

iu our country. Tbfct was held on Govern- 
ment Square .'where arc now Benton I'ark 
ami government buildings, and was so emi- 
nently successful that "homo shows" were 
held here anDunily for many y mis afterward, 
ilutupdcn Puik having Ikh'Ii brought into ex- 
isted' c to provide suitable ijuurlere for these 
exhibitions. But these ultcc fiunoiu "horse 
aboara' 1 me now iinknowu, having degener- 
ated into the ordinary "liosv trots ” ol the 
prewnt day. Court Square, once the heart 
of the city uud still utie of ils ut live brewlh- 
lag-placv lungs, with its Sohlicr*' Monument 
mid Us .Miles Morgan stuluc, is bordered lsy 
Mam Street ou on* tide, with the mans of 
trade and the seals of money changers over 
agHinst it; and Is surrounded. lu turn, l>v tbe 
t i iv ll.dl t Mil Fellow* Huh, Iht- OM YllM 
Church, and County Couit • house, with a 
prospect of a soon-lo-lre-rrreUtl opera boose 
<>1 nioileru piece an; 1 , presence. Huge dais 
tench out their brawny arms of leafy Ixiwer- 
likt- protect it-^ to the seeker lor rod who 
tuny chain - lo improve the opporuiuity hero 
afforded lor the enjoyment of refreshing 
shade in the long summer days. 

l o these pluo - of public resort and recre- 
ation may be added Benton I'ark. cast of 
Armory Squure. with Ils full shaded lanes, 
ii* tnuch-frvqtieiiled fountain* by the rising 
generation, uud Us well trodden pathway*. 
Mi-nti'k Park, at the corner of Slate and 
t lir-inul streets, ncslliug quietly down lie-. 
iH’et-u the Cily Library Building, the KpU- 
t-"|iul Church, uud the nenr-hv Luilarinn 
chureii nnd pursouugu and High -School 
lulus' . S'euins Park, reaching from Worth- 
Inglou Si net to Bridge, east of Main, with 
it- spraying founiuiti* mid its Ikiwiag-nian- 
lied iu iced ml statue of i Jeueon Samuel Clus- 
pin, one of tin- early father* or lire plethoric 
v hitplu family; Guilng Pint, lu-twe-eu lower 
Main Streci and lire fool-laill* of Maple 
Street, where games of Late-bull, fool bull, 
and Sire like abound; Hie near by teum*- 
grounds; lire nthhTic grounds, it) tire eastern 
city suburbs; nml Calboun Park, ui tin* North 
End, where a tuiuialure take flunks Jcffcrxou 


Avenue on the north, making all lire region 
roundabout blithe uud beautiful. This wue- 
wbat exu-nded list of park*. ptay-gTouiula, 
and breathing - pi need. Is iodtcalivu ou the 
pint of tbo City Fathers of • desire- nnd pur- 
pi.ee to fumkli abundant means of healthful 
recreation anil reasonable enjoyment for llirir 
tnuuicipal children, iu oddiiiou to which pri- 
vate enterprise well improves tbo opportuni- 
ties that lire river affords for pleasure iioaling 
to the noted picnic-ground* on lire Agawam 
bank of Lire river, and up to Chicopee and 
Holyoke. 

Next in order to the park clement may 
well be mentioned lire dub feature of tire 
city's social well-being, tuid its remarkably 
full list oftoclitl. religious, benevolent, musi- 
cal, spurting, and secret organiratioos, a sim- 
ple list of wliicb U suggestive of how Bpriug- 
fldd people ' dwell lugetlrer in unity —tbe 
seem, luiiyhap, of ils nuicriul incrense in 
populaiiou and wealth, tuid of it* lutppy so- 
cial couditkia. Of lirese, lire tirst in jHiiiit of 
yearn, at i* tire flpringfldd Club, with 
u well provided home of it a own on the cor- 
ner of L Irestiiut and Worthing! o* streets, 
cunUiiuing rrodittg riKims, hillUrd room*, par- 
lor*, dill lug- loom, kilcheu, and sideboard— 
uli well nnuDiiiineU by n rrpretcsilalive con- 
stituency drawn from the " rlrst families " of 
both hiuiness uud wend circh-s. Tire um*t 
popular uud ptos|rerou» on (be list is the 
!\ nithrop Club, in commodious and elegant- 
ly f uni mliod leaned quarters ou BtaLe Street, 
cast of Mailt Mrm, having tour hundred 
members drawn fiuut the taut soeiety ele- 
ment* of the city; from n* pulpits, ns le- 
gal aixi judicial rejueseutatives, un nudicat 
amt mucsliutoua ptofomknoi dreles, its 
chuiches and scbixiU. it* mercantile cxuinter* 
aiul inaoulactunug shops. Its desks of flounce, 
ils city and county official lui»— iu brief, 
from every place where res|veiTubilily, good 
breeding, and good charm ter are recognized 
us cards of oduiilluticc ul the entrance door 
ways. Only reading, biljiud*. and curd- 
rooms have place wjtu lire Win tin op, but it 
»», nevcrtltclm*. the moat popular ami well- 
itlleuiUd ”Urop|ung.in" place iu tire city. 
Tire propriety of lire ndlnlttauce of Women 
to Lhe arena of eluti life ha* uiccavful rec- 
ognition iu lire Women's Club— a Well inuin- 
lutued, intellectual, ojuI six ial orgnnizatioo. 

Other bodies of a ' club" uuture are the 
Woxhingtou Club; tbe I'rupice Club, Kuiop 
Komfort Club, all of s purely social charac- 
ter; the Atlanta ikmt Club, bpriogfluM Boat 
Club and Camie Atsocialioo, in Ure line of 
flixdliig MKirtsiuansiDp; tbe Bpimglkld Bi- 
cycle t-luu, the llamiaJeu I'ark ANreietatUin, 
Athletic Ciuli, Turn Vcrulu. 'lehuia ( iuh, 
iShooting Club. Killc AsaocuUinn, KcliDtzcu 
Velvdo. and Btuitb <k t-sMiu UevoJrer Club, 
iu tbe line of nusoeUiureous *jKirl* ; Ure 
Camera Club, which proposes to know •• uu 
NorUi.no !*outb, no East, no West " in Ure 
horizon of its environments, aiming to se- 
cure recreative enjoyment wherever It may 
Lc found, on land or water, or even in tire 
air; the Orpheus Club, tbe itampdeu Coun- 
ty Musics) AMUcituiou, the tiichestral Asso- 
ualion, the Flilihuruiouic Club, ail uiusicatly 
ioehnx*!. Natural history, botany, ami flori- 
culture have their devotees in a -Natural His- 
tory Society, Botanical buctety, Connecticut 
Valley FloiUt Club, Hanq-di-n County H<ht- 
lieuIiuiuL and tbu Auiau-ur lloriicuiturai so- 
cieties. Stuencc i* representipl by a Science 
Assuciuliuu ; puli ileal euuuomy, by uu Eco- 
nomic Ascoctalwu; history, by Urn' Connecti- 
cut Valley Hbloutiil buddy, with ils well- 
filled Ilex of half a thousand mciuUr*. and 
its appropriately hired up rooms for public 
Diecttog* ami the uric keeping of hretorkal 
treasures, agriculture, by the ilumpiicu Ag- 
ricultural txiCK'ty, with bend quaiters lu 
bpringfleld; medu inc. by lire llunipJi-a Dis- 
trict Medical tjockety, llotuus'putlire Meulrat 
becicty of W calern Mux»iu:hu*etU, and lire 
Society for Medieul OLwcrvallol); the ’ g<al 
of war " being kept trader sutnnhaion by 
the City G uaitl uud FeuhuJy Guard. The 
complete eauloguc ol religum*. bnurvolcnt, 
aeerel, musical, tiislorhal, Oolunicul. agncul- 
lurid, floricilllural, military, sporting, tem- 
perance-. uud miscellaneous organua lions 
nuiubci ulsiut one hundred uiut thluy dif- 
ferent bodies— u tuullitadiuous list, indeed, 
of associative lutereat and effort, made up 
from tin- popu lation of a eily of 4A WI souls, 
ail nations, trlliee, and kindred*, both se-xts, 
all eretvl* and m-eds, ail tosb> and lalcnt*, 
nil aspirations and aintdlloivs, here having 
vulce and venture. tUmnld Uu* inleretting 
lisl be uialerially extended, there woulu 
scarcely Ire people enough to go round with- 
out a largely increased doubling up uf pil- 
grim- lo llie* a»*f»ct»llve ttiriurs. 

t>f lire Mtlsstanlial orgauizalioits, having 
reference it) their respective flekls of effoil 
mol e jMirticularly to commercial. Iiemdcul, 
and busloum everv day interests, we have tuo 
Spriuglieid llourd of Trade, the Springfield 
Improvement AtacreUti-m, the behoof for 
ClerLstian Workers, tire I'nioii Kclirf Aseo- 
clalion. Provident Dispeiisiuy. Home fur 
Friendless Women and ClllUlvu. Children * 
Jluine, Home for Aged Women, and lhe 
bjvnnglirld Hosjutul. 

it talk to the good fortune of Spring- 
field to be iitliu to put two unusually fine 
feathers lu her cap --the Union Biulvcny 
Dvjsjt, with it* OIK' hundred and sixty live 
ornviug and departing paNO-ngcr train* dai- 
ly, and tire Lulled Bute* Pont otto* Build 
tug. The railway ntnilou building* and 
equipments axe among (lie must eUborata 
and complete of llretr kind >u the coun- 


try. and the government building gives tbo 
city poetul quarters and facilltka unexcelled 
by any city of lire U uioa. Tire nrciutecturnl 
features of bollt these iuttitutious are- well 
defined in illustrations accompanying this 
paper. It only renraLiis to udd that wuh lire 
military post of liucic Bam crowning it* fa- 
vorite Ii Ill-top dtllook, the government wa- 
ter shop# down by ii* mill river water-side, 
Its million -dollar railway slalion. ils qnarler- 
(if a millioD dollar pwiiid i diflcc, and it* alinv 
ltouMi structure, one of the most poiatial-ap- 
jjc-aring ntablUbments of the city, nttely 
bpriagtteld may he excused for boast i tig of 
it* "liiMia," and for luiening to Ibclr luxiui- 
leva roar With genuine complacency and 
laudable pride. 

This record iv it may perhaps be said, 
without a parallel— at least without tunny 
punllela — and after winnowing the chuff 
lioin tire catalogue there must be clean gruiu 
enough left in the winnowing fan to prove 
iliul tire different gvtierutiuiu of Bpriuglk-id's 
hktorv liavc not been idle or carotcM legurd- 
ilig the Hunts and well-being one of another, 
albeit tlrey may not have compassed all that 
could have been accunijdkhL-d in " the groat 
work of tile settlers to c*tiil>iUh the religion 
of God iu Ibe New World. ' 

Oire feature of Bpriligtteld's modern grow Ut 
and expansion may out well he overlooked 
(Veil lu till* brief survey of ils growth and 
increase that of Ure Bpringtk-ld highland 
M'cTiou. which bus ulrvaiiy l«coure one uf 
lire moat doirahlc location* for private rvsi- 
deoocs of the many Which the dty 'pasaesaie*. 
Here where only a decade or so ol year* ago 
wild rosea and sund violet* flourished, and 
where Uic whistle of the plougbboy was of- 
ten heard, now miles of JiamUomely nppoiul- 
rvl street* are lined ou cttlrer side by aitractlv c 
liouves, ranging from cnstly viilux to nuHicri 
collage*, all with well-kept hnab inter- 
spersed with fouuuin*. giving to tlic*c tran*- 
fotlucd saiul-pLaiu barrens ail the heuula-s 
and convenience* of combined country and 
City life. Listed lu reul estnle vocnlHjliiry, 
tire Uighinnds axe now represCDUnT by hun- 
dred* of retkleucca of modern architectural 
atyle and appointment, two chuiches, a line 
puhiio training school building, with street- 
railway privileges, and all where ouly a few 
yeur* since a dozen or two of people ouly 
sutwUud primitively uud prumirooously— 
an additiaa to the city’s growth utul material 
prosperity of which any municipality might 
well he proud. And while there oew street* 
ii lid Uiui oughfures are couvtaully being add- 
ed to ami brooming more densely populated, 
the bugle notes from the gathering army of 
a similar new world to conquer aiu being 
sounded iu another direction. The eye nat- 
urally turns quickly to this new jKtikiuud of 
promise-, near unto where fnrevU and fnun- 
inkus wave bivexy and refreshing welcome 
iu mpiuisc to Uie music of Uic ktendily in- 
crvwotng trump and Head of advancing toot- 
ttepe lou'urd this irew Mecca for lire mill- 
ions. where the generosity of a Gioeulenf 
aud it Burney and Ure geuius of a Buckctt 
have helped to make tire heauliuv uf nature 
•till nuxe U-uutiful and attractive for Uic ua- 
joyuenl of Ure throng* uf day by -day visit- 
or*. and for laying out and jki feeling path- 
ways to charming resident c sites, and for 
lire rearing of pkuouul pctiuaucnt homes. 

Cou leu pantry with this thrifty recutd of 
a city of tbe living, it mvuos meet mid prop- 
er to make nreutiuu here of u silent city • 
record, having a oettaua reckoalog non 'of 
aoure TZANN) jssrccls of ' du*c to dust, akhvA 
lo tubes, where new streets and avenues 
uie quietly opened, and 

'• Wiutf* sujh.vu smiIiIi-- Imilsh tistu diiwct and Visa 
■ lid ksf. 

W'lu-Tu teiHlir nmmuiii* elialct sad Usds a*v bos- 
ret ant gitel ; 

Winn Ills duxt* srs n-ondrd uu d«(Uy resli'larad 

tl -i" . 

Ana s Stvsiil CII? iialldvtb ils Ivnsmats (or aiw" 

Tbu old Springfield Cemetery, originated 
in 15H1 with the laic lamented pi lest und 
poet W. B. O, Peabody, then u r»reienl of 
Springfield, having bevotne so densely popu- 
luUvl us to roll lor fiKinding uu audit luiial 
city of the dead. Oak Grove Cemetery Wa» 
opened m 1W1 on the highest point ot land 
ud of the city proper, where ntw ttueutculs 
for rare are cumtontly being prepared und 
occupied, uud where the story often told in 
“dull, cold marble "is being ivpeatrsi again 
and tiguin, in eeho to Ure sulriued murmur 
of the pines standing thickly around, like 
sentinels ou lire wulU of time, lo shut out 
from mortal sight the con litre* of derail) ; 
where tire oft repented refrain is heard from 
the sexton, leaning upon las spade, iu pro- 
cessions file joist, '• ItixMU.for lire dead, "aud 
still tlwre’s loom, these cities of the dead 
keeping puce iu tireir census of new-conrets 
with those of the city of the living alike, and 
yet not alike, ut that, however many may 
come, uone ever go out. 

Springfield ha* an an viable name tuid fame 
in the matter of Lbui delightful virtue hos- 
pitality. of both public and pi irate record, 
and lire: wide fame of her bote) service bus 
king been rewgulxcd ami favorably accept- 
ed. Tbe old \V arriucr House hud a record 
to be proud uf iu Us rally days, but Hie it on 
horse upon coining to town drew tire world 
away from it; Uie old American House, now 
tlripluced to make room for the Huston uud 
Albany Kuitruad building, wo* once a far- 
famed Mage tavern and genial laretulry, us 
wits the Hampden House, which long since 
wuot up iu smoke and down to a*l,c*. front 
its picturesque site on Court Bquare, and of 
equal farm: iu Mage coach day * was the Ex- 


change Hotel, recently crushed to earth to 
rire again in slatelyr block* for nrercanlUe 
ure and occupancy. The Mussosoli House 
stands a* a connecting link between the past 
arid the prevent of kpnngOeld's hotel repre- 
sentation, keeping well up to iu noieworiby 
traditions, even lit this day of modem hotel 
excellence and elegance while Cooley's Hu* 
tel. always nmiutuining its place in the front 
rank of good hotel-keeping, in |>us*itig from 
llie hand* of otic generation of ul>h- anti suc- 
croriul mairag' tm ut to another is t u.vlly well 
qualified, lows nothing of its old-tim'' pres- 
tige ill the palatial quarter* In which it ha* 
hut reoeutly slielti-red jt«-lf over ligaiost 
mid neat Uto the UllOD Hailway Station. 
Hay tic* Hold, laiilt nud for many yron con- 
dueled by Tilly Haynes, of nattering hotel 
notoriety, still "leads the way" down-town, 
dividing its following with the Hotel Gil- 
more, away front ‘ the maddiug crowd" of 
railway dt-jul clatter aud cou fusion. Tire 
Marwick, of more modern date, aud the 
Glendower, the lutest addition to tire list, 
both within rosy reach of the railway sta- 
tion. os is the near-by American, together 
round out a list of aecomiiMKlutloua lor lire 
puhlic of ran: uud varied excellence. 

Thu World of biters lias eminent repre- 
sentation iu Kpringfichi, It i- und always 
has Lk.s u Ibe puhlUhiug hi.-iue of Webster * 
Unabtidgcri Dictionary. Tire ability of fire 
products of its teeming printing-presses it 
joompdy rocogni/nt in Ure coraiuct of its 
morniug journul, lire Bpritigfieid JtrpuMi- 
•via , with n wide nod well- earned reputa- 
tion for carefully trained journalistic char* 
aeti-rislic* and for marked intelligence iu 
iu every day treatment of the world's daily 
doings; lu tire evening Js;ue of lhe Union, 
notulVre for its industry in a omrelentiou* 
and loy al applicatioti of tneatis to ends iu ils 
well -cultivated field of usefulur**; in the 
iVnw, for the t-aruerititas w ith w hich it lalrera 
for the ifltcrasU of it* cotiMitumcy of holing 
humnuity; in b'wd succr**- 

fully rcpu-rentir.g bouscbol'l journalism of 
the higher type, hv clinging cmokIv to it* 
originally announced platform. "In the la- 
leresl.r of the Higher Life of tbe Houtc Jiold "; 
in TAe I’tifxr BwW, reflecting trade jour- 
nalism in a/cxtriiniKt- with il* mi-tto id "A 
Special Journal of lu foraiaLUm, Dueiuiiuu, 
and Hccitu! a* to l'npcr"; in the field of 
agriculture by the -Vue Huy/and UtmutUad 
nnd the Am >mti Jlomt, of w ide circulation 
nnd high rank in their *|reclalties; its social 
arena in the Springfield Jlor/ti*lr<ni ; white 
lighter vein r ruder* have creditable portrait- 
ure iu Ure (fivtp Are. aud Cutholict*iu bu* effi- 
cient local support in the Springfield Tribune. 

Springfield asMi takes high rank lu it:»nr- 
ante circles, the MnsMchuM-lls Mutual Lifo- 
iUMiraoco L'uiiipauy buvtog assets of over 
it Kt.UOUADtf, the Springfield Fire aud Murine 
C i-lMpauy. a cavil capital of |1.&0LI.U0I>. Both 
of these institution* have line building* of 
their own. 

The final summing up of lire hualttcn nnd 
beauty of Sjretnglichl may well he left to 
comment on it* commercial, industrial, nud 
financial exhibit. Tire wholesale trade, from 
compilation made July 1, ]M*U. is found to 
amount to nearly f I'J.OUO.IMI, with a retail 
record of about the same amount; while the 
industrial outjvut amounts tosotuc ? lo.igHi.ixxi, 
its ran). estate transactions roundiug out a 
aituiinr sunt. The yearly consumption of. 
coal is over I'JO.LKK) ton*. It luc* a bunking 
capital, held by its nine national bank* 
ami a vufe deposit and trust company, of 
fit SOO.OtHI; me prosperous co-openUtvo liiiiik : 
uud its Clearing house balances uim>uiiied 
iu !<«<a to more than #«l,b00.«00. It has 
tweiity-fivt tulles of strdet- railway track, 
ninety-five miles of mam* and distributing 
pipes", carrying ils ample* supply of Ludtow 
water loall runs of tire city; fifty-four miks 
of sewer service; eighty utiles of electric 
strtvt wire, and an equal amount of under- 
ground wire service, lighting the streets and 
bulldiun by electricity and tut ui*hing power 
to small inmiufiK hirers, iu addition to forty- 
two miles ol main gas pipe service, and some 
1MI.0W gas hunier*. The Holly system of 
Louse and oflln heating ho* five miles of 
street pipe, 840 consumer* of it* Mrniii hunt. 
12 , 000 , 1.100 cubic feet of space being heated 
by the system; tire: turning of it valve cock, 
und the Ore i* kindled; uu coal, no dust, no 
n»hc*, no kiiulling wood, ami no profanity 
because "the fire don't burn." 

Here, then, U a recital of some Iocs) re- 
scutches among the tuisU that gather around 
tbu nasi. *u|'pi« iranted by a nvoro in detail 
culaJogiic of u city 's inner self aud prcscul 
Mimiuiukiigs, t"ge liter uff-»ding iihundaut 
BMUrairer: Unit the future of Springfield, the 
seventh cily of tbe Union Iu the list of In- 
creased pnpiilation in tire- lu»t leu yrara, will 
not Ire found lagging in the race for the 
world's iiislory place ami preferment in 
years lo Come; tlnvt she may safely submit 
to Ire wrighnl in the balance of ctinipctiiivc 
worldly strife and coiiqirett without being 
foutrel wanting, ami ever be expected to keep 
not only Weil up with the priureasion of 
event and ciicuuiMatree, but a tittle alirod in 
the neck acid-neck race ou the liouie rirelcLi 
to Uic goal of alUlumcui and pcrfcciioo— 
that goal lo he 


1 A city **t IreiuM. la iiol sit 
Where |.*y i.iy" Lri.— . Mnl Ii 
To Oils ellj ol ’tTlit 

l-*-**l Iti'itl". j fM^lln 1 m 

With teoil-iol Uu'i'rlii. * 
W Uu>v tuyslty tipou* wit 


Ilk* 


tuieiutirurfi* leader 
we j.-*' 1 iuiui£ clerics 
|K*)<r und a Uunatng— 




MET BO POI.IT AN Cl.l'B, WASI11NOTON -DIPLOMAT TABLK— Dun •* C D. OiaHM. 


THE 


CLUBS OF WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE. 

BY HENRY LOOMIS NELSON. 


THE CLUBS OF WASHINGTON. 

T HE club* of A capital should be tbe most interest 
lug In the country. At le**t tbo visitor from 
tbe moon. having only a general knowledge of 
tbe eartb and iu lababHauts. would expect to 
fiml them *o. There are club* in Liverpool. 
Manchester. Birmingham, in Edinburgh and Dublin, but 
who that hits not eaten and drunk of tbnir hospitalities 
know* of them? Whereas hundreds of American* who have 
not crossed tbe salt-water can uumber and catalogue tbo 
great club* of Pall Mall, and ran namite tbe sturv of the 
origin and development of W kite’*, Brookes'*. tire Reform. 
Die Carlton, the Univcrtltics. the Army and Navy, tbe 
Athcneum. and their fellow*. We do m>t know the names 
of tbe clubs Where the wine merchant* of Bordeaux and the 
►ilk makers of Lyons entertain their visitors, but we have 
all heard of tire famous Jockey Club of Paris, 

Art the club* of Washington, then, the famous lustitutlons 
of tbe United State*? Not ut all. Because Washington it- 
self it not comparable to tbe great European cities around 
which struggling people* have combined Into nation*. At 
least thl* I* true of tbe Washington of tlic post and of liirtory. 
It is singular In being younger than the nation whose seat 
of power and wlioae creature It is. It wa* obliged, there- 
for*. to grow up to it* position, and it was many year* in 
doing it. for it had neither commerce to attract the busy and 
best life of tlte country, nor beauty to beguile tbo»e who had 
money enough to tic idler*. It W unnetvsiary to add much 
to Die stories that have been told already of tbe ugly, muddy, 
straggling village, with it* provincial hotels ami iu popula- 
tion of politician* and negroes. Dickens and Bacon lure 
done their best, or their wars*. and we are not lacking in 
American lampoons on the derided city. 

All lbi»l* changed, however, and Washington D now in 
•ome reatieit* the 'most charming and beautiful place in the 
country. It is a centre of the kind of society which ha* re- 
cently Ikcooki an important feature of our life. It is the 
uio*t popular of tbe winler rcxirU of the men and women 
who in summer toil and dig for pleasure on the rork* of 
Newpott and the bills of Bor Harbor. So iu great dub. tbe 


one club that i* founded on the social principle, following 
the chances and keeping paco with the growth of its hnbitat, 
as all clults arc in the habit of doing, is one of the most dis- 
tinguished and Interesting organizations of the country. 

To catalogue the club* of Washington would involve one 
in a wearying tabor for which there could he uo proper rec 
ompen** There would be a dreary fist of name*, nearly 
as long as might he made of the ephemeral institutions of 
the metropolis which arc occasionally mentioned in tltc 
local column* of the newspapers, and wbidt bear such in 
geninus titles os, " Gentlemen's Sons." “ Tim Coterie," " The 
1 tough and Beady," etc., eta. etc. For clul*. as 1 have bad 
occasion to mention, are ns broad a* human fellowship. Tbe 
tinker who wants his pot of beer prefers to lake it in the 
companionship of some one whom Im may not like especially, 
hut to whom lie is accustomed. Every genial man bos bis 
haunts, unless lie lusnol outgrown the barbarism of absolute 
and wearying domesticity and where two or three or more 
habitually gather together fur comradeship, there is the club. 

The Old Washingtonian," that fast disappearing relic of 
a crude, genial, hospitable, proud, and indolent time, will 
tell you of dub* whose glories increase os their memoriea 
recede down the aides of time. To ask *ome of the elder 
generations for their recollections is to offer the worthy gen- 
tlemen a pleasant aod exciting afternoon's dispute. Even 
the names of the clubs have faded out, and there is a differ- 
ence of opinion a* to the title of tbe mast famous of the 
ante helium organizations. But they were famous clubs in 
their <Uy and generation, typical of a life about them, a life 
that still exist*, haunting the corridors of hotel* and the 
dingy old ports of the town, which ant daily becoming shab- 
bier as tbe newer quarter grow* in splendor and importance. 

We know thoao old ciub* a* we know Die Ufa of tbo place. 
In Ike lung, (draggling village, which had been started at 

two ends a mile ajiatt. there were Gadsby 's hotel and Bou- 
langer's restaurant: llierc were other hotels, all of llvem now 
fallen Into tbe fcxd decay which waits upon old building* 
Uiat come in time to find tlinl the thoroughfare or social 
ceutre In which they stand lias become, bv arbitrary decree 
or other cause, n mere byway, or out r.f fashion." There 
are great double brick dwelling* oti (he streets and avenues 


near the Capitol which were once the homes of famous 
statesmen But this was before society became omnipotent, 
and before office-tagging In Die ebumtare of the executire 
offices of tbe government became the principal business uf 
public men Now these old homes of Webster, Clay. Cal- 
houn, and Chase are boarding houses, and not being in tbe 
fashionable quarter of the town, they are not nought after by 
fasbiouable people. While many of Die old native families 
and somo of the besl known of the public men dwelt ucwr 
the Capitol, others lived far off in Georgetown, an whose 
beautiful heights, still crow ned by some of tire noblest man 
aioos of tbe District, were the abodes of the foreign minis, 
ter*. Am*** tbe present fashionable promenade, on which 
stand* Die English Legation house, ruu a brook whose tanks 
were marshy, and through whose mud the diplomatic corps 
were forred to flounder on their wav to transact business 
with tbe l'reshicol or the Secretary of State. 

It wo* a rough baby town, entirely unworthy of being tbe 
capital of the nation, even a* tire nation was In the young 
and eallow days of Die early century. The clubs of live 
time were as informal as most of the society. Aod when 
Washington's early day* are spoken of. we must remember 
that they endured to tbo war, when a mighty change wa* 
wrought by tbe clash of arms between tbo Mellon*. During 
all that time the South was dominant. The rich slave hohf 
ing population and tbe powerful, autocratic Southern poli- 
ticians ruled Lbc social world from the While House to tbe 
Capitol. There were a few Nnrlltcrn men. especially from 
New England, who kepi together, ami who were occasion- 
ally visited by pilgrim* from their fiir off bonus; but If lire 
public men ami visitors from New England cn toyed them 
selves, it was in lire society of Southerner*. Even Philip 
Hone, tbe Mout friend and champion of Webster, who made 
almost an annual Journey to Washington in order to Dt at 
the foot of Dm great Whig leader, to listen to hi* wisdom In 
the Senate or the Supreme Court, fastnd much of lii* plea 
sure with the men who set tbe fashion of Die dny and plu.e 
At his visit in 1&S1 be describes a supper to which be wa* 
hidden after be had prepared for bed It wa* at Boulanger s, 
Die famous restaurant of the period, and lire cuinpuny con 
aisled of Southerner* There were Mr. Clay Mr. Crittenden, 



78 


SUPPLEMENT TO HAKi 



General Scoll. Colonel Daw*t»u of Virginia. Lee of Mnvy 
laud. General Waddjr Tbotnpton. Mr Bott* of Virginia, and 
one or two more. Thera were a supper of game and wine* 
nu<l whist that lasted many hour*. 

The dub* that were founded during till* long period when 
the South reigned were scattered hero nnd there about the 
city. There was ooe on Tenth Street, where stood Ford'* 
Theatre, lliu scene of Mr. Lincoln's aasussinalion. This was 
a late rnmer. Befure that moat of the clubs Ud lwcn con 
leut with room*. where the meirdier* met nt staled Interred*, 
and where drink was plenty nnd play was high Before the 
war. mini when the Washington newspaper writer w as a man 
of deep philcnopby. Utern was a club of correspondents who 
entertained the notabilities of journalism ami literature who 
visited the capital. There was a food deal that wo* pon- 
derous in the political talk or tliat old day. as well as a good 
dial that waa tierce and editing- There were wit. loo. anil 
anecdotes of a kind that still spice the atmosphere of many 
a cominiite^roofn. But high and important conversation on 
mighty topics, coming to nothing, hut opening mnny a Ixil 
tie of champagne and refilling many a whiskey gift**. was 
even more the fashion in the fifties than to-day. The bahil 
of thinking with pursed lips lingers yet in the corridors of 
the Capitol and the vestibule of Willard's. 

Famous among the old clubs, roost famous of all. was T m 
U ni«». in whose list of members are to he found the name* 
of men famous in the society of Washington when it was a 
slave city. It is t curious social phenomenon that when 
the feeling against abolitionists was llm lutterewt that human 
nature knows, one of the founder* and governors of the 
dub should have liren Peter Augustus Jay, one of the uioet 
cou*i»tent of abolitionist*, for lie freed all the negroes that 
came to him frxini his marriage with Miss Carlisle. But Mr. 

Jay was ft social magnate from New York, a grntlcman 
whose manners were up to the standard set by the Southern 
autocrats Ilia daily walk and conversation as ft private 
clllren. not bis political principle*, made him wtw>mu ornio . 

Among the flr*t governors of tbo club was Hear Admiral 
Charles II Stccdinan, then a young officer of live navy, now- 
a member of tbo Metropolitan Club. There were Use Lees of 
Maryland, and nearly all the well known names of native 
and transient residents of the city, of the old families and 
the statesmen. 

The club moved from one house to another. At one time 
it occupied the Gouvenieur Mansion on G Street, w here Jef 
fenson Pavia uaed to live. Ita last abode was like bouto 111 
which Mr. Seward was nearly murdered, which has sine* 
furnislicd quarters for Uses Commissary -General of the Army, 
and which is now the home of Secretary Blaine Womiley 
was the steward, and It was here tliat he learned the art of 
catering to fastidious tastes Hint afterward inndc him the 
rich hotel keeper, the famous friend of Samuel Hooper aud 
Charles Sumner _ . _ , 

This old club-house looked out over Lafayette Square be 
fore tliat licautlful bit of greenery was filled with the trees 
that the great Downing ptsnted. On Ute street opposite to 
that on which live club was situated was a brick house. It 
la now occupied by Mr Washington MocLean. Then it wns 
the home of General Daniel E. Sickles, lfiiitip Bartou Key 
was a member of ibe club, and old memben still remember 
that he used to stand In the window and signal to lire Sickles 
house across the square. The two houses are invisilde now 
t.» (M ie another for llie thick foliage In summer and the in- 
terlacing branches in winter. When he had given hi* signal, 
he would peer through opera glaree*. and when he MW WO 
answer he would start out to meet hi* iuamorata. All Una 
happened one morning in sight of Sickles, walking along 
Pennsylvania Avenue on the south side of the square, en 
runl bv au anonymous lettpr, nnd hungry for revenge, rite 
two men met under a tree near the club, and the sad tragedy 
occurred which set the country agape for many month*. 

How charaeteriatlc of Washington in it* elder and more 
carries* day Is the breaking up of that old club! There are 
men still living who recall it. and other* »till who took part 
in it, so it U best to name no names. There was u mixed 
variety In the club's membership. for in those days at the 
capital a man famous a* a public man or a story teller was 
clubbable and therein the orgauirullon suffered. A lot of 
carries*, merry dog*, who thought a* lightly of their pecu- 
niary obligation* os the Irish heroes of Lover * fiction, mode 
llie club ring with their Jest*, and emptied its collar and 
larder of many a bottle and duck. They brought with them 
their boon companion*, for the club rule* concerning the 
aitmiuiou of stranger* were not very strict, and they paid 
fur nothing They turned Ihe conservative element out of 
the Board of Governors. »nd made Womiley resign hi* stew 
anlsbip. But they treated his succmaor very 111, and once 
that poor man saw to a displaced conservative: 

••If It wasn't for the money tliat you, sir. and Mr. - — , 

Mr. , and Mr. pay roe for your dluncrs, Id have 

nothing to go to market with, *ir." 

TbciKod and front of the offenders, a Houtbern gentleman 
of great social and political connection*, wo* at lust expelled, 
his bill having mounted dangerously near to f lOW But 
this made no difference with the genial swul. >> ithui a week 
hu marched into tire club bearing In hi* company, among 
oilier light*, the celebrated Mike WaUli. of New A «ck; and 
these roisterer* bud all the fine champagne they could drink. 

The club could not stand these enormous drains upon it, 
anil w. It dlrel of unthrifty generudty. 

And now we come to fodder days in holli the social and 
political life of the capital. The war came, ami the complexion 
of Washington was changed: like war went, and like complexion of 
Washington was still more changed During Ibe war there wa* 
founded like Metropolitan Club, on whose foundation Ihe present 
organisation wo* hullded But a* that still flourishes, one of the 
greatest and In some respects the moat interesting club of the 
country, wc shall pas* it by for the moment. 

Through the war Washington was full of soldiers from the trout, 
contractor*, and politicians. The old Southern society was burled 
out of sight. Most of it was disloyal. *ud men went to fight for 
the .States whence Urey came, while all who remained hid tlietn- 
-rivo from the Invading " vandal* " After lire war lu scum float 
,-•] on the surface. The hotels were filled With a champagne gu*. 
xliii- gang the streets with noby ostentation, everywhere vulgarity. 
Tire" good fellow* whom ono met in tho«e days were not like tire 
cureless good fellow s of lire years before Ure war. wire drank cham- 
pagne ul the expense of other people, thoughtlessly, and Willi kind- 
ly ba ling* for their benefactors. The new comer* bud a bard ami 
w-|fiah glint In their eye* even in momenta of wbftt appeared to be 
biUrimis intoxication. Tlrey were the men who formed tire Dis- 
trict ring, nnd w ho robbed tire poor black depautors to the t reed 
man's Sating* hank. 

Willi there calM the glittering iceeraorle* of gambling. The 
old Southerner used to love hi* card*, ami he would play away 
Id* money his plantation, md hi* negroes— nil but bit old " mum- 
my —like a gentleman. His faro Innka were humble affaire, nnd 
he dearly loved a quiet game in the card mom of his club, or the 
houre of* bi* friend, who was invariably a "distinguished and bon' 


able getiTmao." But the new horde Introduced the splendor and 
luxury of the North — of Saratoga and Broadway A fine old 
bouse*, once tike humc of the English Legation, now lire residence 
of the WldOW of tire founder of the Signal Service, liecwinr u fash- 
ionable gambling-house, with it* elegant supper* ami Oliver allure- 
ment* to lire dlreolut* and lire inexperienced. It had it* brief day. 
for tire slnlr of thine which gave it birth did nut endure. 

The Washington Club, which occupied the building now owned 
nnd used by the Young Men'* Christian Association, in New York 
Avenue, was one of the outcome* of a time when money wa* mode 
rapidly and spent extravagantly. It wn* colled a club, but it wax 
no more a club when •• Bom " Shepherd, Halid Kilhourn. deplume. 


llu w 

tl . — mKKKKKM — ____ 

reginer of visitors in the possession of tire present club dates buck 
to 1H8S. Many famous names nre inserilied on it* pages. Look- 
ing over them, we find that Itaron Grrolt iotrnilured Chnrlc* Sum- 
ner toil* lioukilalilies, and that nflei wnrd Mr. Sumner wn* spinwir 
for many a foreign minister There nre names of famous soldier* 
who bnveroaieup from Ibe froul to visit Washington. Among 
them all one lingers longest over an entry which reciu-* that 
W T. Sherman, who is just front "Camp, ' is iulrodun-d lo lire 
club by John Sherman Tin re is a palliclic break in lire list of 
nnmes'in the spring of I HAS. for the announcement of the BMiissi 
nation of Mrl.ltnulii ami the attempt uu lire life of Secretary 
Seward. There arc unities of politician* and lawyers who have 


BALTIMORE CI.UB-" AFT 


come lo proffer advice to lire ndmlulstrntlou. o » to altm. 

K rofesvinnal engagement*. There nre nnmes of men tin 
ke William It. Allison nnd William M Evart*. who h 
grown old and famous in lire public service. The M<1 
Club lived ils lime, and became moribund. It wns rrora 
a whi*t elulk. and bad it* head-quarter* on the corner of 
nnd II limit, where tire new building of Ihe Columbia, 
is. It was a close corporation, and thr original nrei 
served to themselves the right of choosing or rejr. t( 
cant* for ndniiatdi>n. Finally. In 1872. some of lire vmi 
of the cilv were admitted to the club, and tliev determine 
a real chib. Tlrey were Incorporated a* " The Mdropol 
of the City of Washington " in 1-SS2, which is the org.m 
to-day. 

In the mean time social conditions nt the capital 
changing Whatever may have been the character o 
ring, it had made the city beautiful. It had become the 
ltd. ami it* climate and attraction* made it a real *ooi 
The people who sought their summer pleasures at the 
Icring place- of the Norlli. began to tnnkr Washington | 
ter resort. In the plare of the old Southern society of 
Ih-IIuiii days, and of Ihe feverish • |»ectilnton* who cnni|- 
Imtela immediately after tire war, tliere eame in n mtiiona 
until now no city so fully represents the life of the coul 
rent of government. 

One may find in Washington the elitireh sociable of .' 
land and \Ve»tero town* and village*. and the larger 
movement of the great cllie* of the Atlantic tea board 


EEKLY, JANUARY SI, 1891. 


79 



■xerre in Wndiincloo, Imnlly any trade: society and noli- 
■titiitc ihr *ole inurr*t* of die ciiy. After four o'clock In 
•rnoon it i* a place of leisure— of teas, dinner*, receptions, 
b. 

this society Uie Mntrojiolitan Club baa drawn iU siu. te- 
ll In* rrown a* Washington tin* grown, and in t!ie mine 
a. With the exception of the large liody of scientist* who 
nrct'd with government work, and who bare a club of 
m the interesting men of the capital are to he found in 
r»nolitan— the member* of the cabinet, the clitblmblc mem 
i ongrtm. the leading civil and militnry officer* of tbo 
aent. the foreign ministers, tbe men nboiil town who are 
RVlungtonians. or who spend their winters within it* gay 
rarlive precinct*. It is of this club that the distinguished 
•resting visitor* to the capital arc the guests. Its house Is 
the m«t beautiful duls-hnuse* of the country. It is a 
t adapted to the warm and charming climate, with its win- 

bn. which in summer become* a spacious and cool loggia, 
tee is admirable, and where can a cuisine be better than 
* market into which the delirious products of the Chpu- 
•d its shores are poured? Tbe Metropolitan Ih tbe one club 
bington. a* cluhs are understood in New York and Low- 
d such a club was impossible until wiLhin lew than a score 
1 

e trr other clubs, excellent in their way. but they are uo» 
Hub* Tbe Jefferson Club fell before a blast similar to 
nrh destroyed the Union, and it ha* licrn reorganised in a 

ay. There hare been more than one Array and Nary Club. 


which Imre died, but now there is n strong nnd flourishing United 
Service Club, w hich horwts of more than 800 members. Tliere are 
like Country Club and Diimblanr, a hunter s and strrple-chaaer'* par- 
adise; and.there Is the Meridian Club, a junior Metropolitan. And. 
•hove all. there is tlie charming Cosmos Club, made up of men of 
science and letter*, whore house Is full of comfort, and whore mem 
her* arr as interesting and instructive as their varied professions. 

Washington is taking on the lira and habits of a great city, and 
tliere, as everywhere, the dubs keep pace with the life and growth 
of the place. Its one general and social club is a reflection of tile 
best there la in official life mixed with that which Is to lie found 
wherever wealth gives leisure. Its oilier clubs satisfy the desires 
of Its many clever men who are engaged in special and professional 
pursuits. 

Whether the new Washington L* as pleasant as the old. let the 
older generation delermine; it is certainly more varied and inspir 
ing.and vastly more worthy of the nation of which it is the capital. 

TIIE CLUBS OP BALTIMORE. 

There is an odor of gastronomy arising from llnhimore some- 
tiling like and somewhat different from that which iierraeittes 
thoughts and memories of IfiilndrlphU. Tbe subtle distinction 
between the arts of ll»e»e two noble haunts of appreciative and 
self-respecting stomachs i* felt and recognised, but It would bu a 
difficult and ail ungrateful task to set them off against one 
another in rivalry. In Philadelphia the hasis of epicurism is the 
love of the Individual citizen for the culinary Are. The French 


cAef flourishes, but his skill and Ids moral nnd physical rode* 
of health are sustained by the solid personal accomplishment* 
of all good and wcll-hred Philadelphian* They can cook 
their own prn-li : Urey are capable of compounding their own 
ragouts; of turning their own omelets; of roasting, boiling, 
or baking. Tliere is a venerable tradition of Phihidr-lpin 
ana who for tire mere love of cookery had learned to ImiiI 
a potato, 

We of New York, whore aristocracy have long fed upon 
the mysteries of lire French restaurant, whose club kitchens 
have been for many years familiar with the white cap nnd 

llu. Ii v ....... I. . 1 -- I .. I . ,, .. . 


apmn ot tire French rhrf— we know what we shall fliid o 
ordinary occasions in the Philadelphia restaurant. F.vcu 
those of us wli<i«e indigestions have been acquired under the 
direction of Irish. German, or Swedish cook maids under- 
aland that the dishes of Paris nre servrd in all tlieir irerfec- 
tum in the neighboring city, where the Quaker Penn flr*t 
taught the lestons of luxury. Sime few denizens of the 
metropolis have been admitted to lire mysteries of the Fbh 
House and Babbit dull*, which nre unique. 

The vision of the Baltimore dinner table awl the Baltl- 
more kitchen is of another kind; and when, being suddenly 
cnnfrontrri with tire problem, one recognizes that both are 
well-fed towns, with all tliat that implies, and wonder* in 
what respect their arts differ, one naturally revert* to the 
essential clement* of all indigenous cooking— tire food and 
tbe cook*. 

There are French tk*f» In Baltimore, and artistic cooks 
imported from tbe peasant cabins of lire Old World. The 
more's tire pity I But whoever thinks of the Maryland borne 
thinks of a great kitchen presided over hy a shining black 
face, whose authority within her realm is as supreme as that 
of the little pope in any fair of Runia. It has become the 
fashion to decry negro service, and the fashion is uofortu 
natcly extending even into Southern latitudes, where dwell 
tbe people who loved the individual while they enslaved his 
race, But the black woman cook, If she be one of first rate 
rank, has the supreme virtue of tbe eordou Urn ; she has an 
enthusiastic love for tbe products of Irer mind and lire; the 
has an exquisite palate, which enables her to enjoy tbr deli 
caciea wlueh sire set* before Irer master and his guests. 

Maryland i» the home of the terrapin and the canvas. 
Wk. and the equally aavory red bead. The Chesapeake 
furnishes forth flsb the superiors of which are rarely to be 
had from the sea. Leaving out the kingflsh and tire striped 
1mm of our Northern waters, and the pamiMoo of tbe Gulf 
of Mexico, the best re* food In Uie world U taken from the 
Chesapeake You may dote on the weak-fish and tbe Span 
fab- mackerel, but you will find them l»tb in their perfec- 
tion lu Hampton Roads. And there is a fish which seems 
to swim nowhere else than In tbe Chesapeake, awl which is 
thought hy tbe loyal Baltimoreans to he quite the equal of 
bpanub-mackerel— lire hay mackerel. There are no more 
luscious soft- shell-era to than are to be found along there 
shore*, and the oyster* are tbe best in the world. There 
mutt be some quality in the mud in which grows the deli 
rale food of tire canvas -back, that enriches the infusoria 
that fatten the oysters of Lynn Haven Bay and other 
haunts of the bivalve At any rate, you shall find no 
oyster along the extended line of the Atlantic shore at all 
comparable to him tbni fills tbo oyster boats of Maryland 
and V irgtnia. 

And these black cooks and native products are tbe basis of 
the gastronomic art of Baltimore and of the State; and one 
w-ho thinks of the famous Maryland Club think* not only 
of the graceful and dignified courtesy of its members ami of 
their bouudlest and exquisite hospitality, but that here you 
may find tlie terrapin In it* perfection, the Juiciest ami 
tenderest duck, tho rail in its prime, the fattest ami most 

E nuine of reed -birds *od ortolan. And though you mat 
ve the choicest of wines, you may hare tho* elsewhere 
nut nowhere else except in Kentucky can you find in such 
jrerfection the distillation of tbe cereals of our beloved native 

All who hare read Ure story of their country know thoi 
Maryland was settled by country gentlemen of England 
They bare learned of Lord Baltimore's great manor amt 
have been imbued with the idea that Maryland was alwav* 
the home of religious liberty. That wo* hardly true afte. 
tbo Protestant* gained tbe ascendency, as may he learned b> 
* mimi “ ■ -* ■* ~' J e books of the col» 


i cursory glance at the old statutc- 
II was very early in tbe histoi 
* k r {P* n *° o® impci* 


. jrv of Maryland that b 

t imposed upon Roman Catholic citizen- 
ship. 1 tie time bad no* yet come, in the early part of thr 
aeventetmUi century, when tlie 1’rotettents were willing to 
follow Homan Catholic example even in the matters of Chris 
ban charily and liberality, but still the Church lived and 
nourished and to-day is the Mr cures t communion of Bal- 
timore. Tire Northern man ami woman educated in tlie 
belief that society is Protestant will learn, when ire goes 
to tlie Southern commercial town, that some American so- 
ciety is Catholic, and very dignified ami polite and very hos- 
pitable are tbe scions of these old Catholic families. 

The English gentlemen who came hither brought with 
ilicra more than their religion. They brought Ure manners 
and habit* of their class. They were liberal, rollicking 
some of them wittering, sons of tbe earth They kept 
open house, and loved the sport* of the open air. They 
soon discovered the abounding wealth of Uie forests and 
streams of the new province which the king had presented 
to their lord and patron. With their heavy and wide 
mouthed fire ana* they shot Uie birds of the Chesapeake. They 
IMitd In Its aalt-walrra. They rode over the field* of Maryland 
after the fox. Their horse* were good, and their spirit* were 
high. Manners were primitive. An old writer intimate* that 
lire gallant. In tire ahreocc of table kuives. cut his food wiUi a f*h 
cliion or u rapier. But Id* cloth coni was lined with plush his 
lwlt wn* embroidered, and he wore Ince cuff* nnd frills. 

Macaulay, speaking of the illiteracy of tire English lord* of 

of the suiiirefl of \Vllllniti*« r/i.TM an I. ii.., :» .... ,i.„ 


manors and of tbe squires of William's reign, says that it 
aired fortune of a quorum of jiislirv* of the peace if one of them 
lind learning enough to sign a mMimm. And the nume was true 
of the gentry of Maryland. It was also true there, perhaps, n* it 
was In England, that in executing a ronrevanre the .-errant signed 
bu name as a wit tress, while tho master made hi* mark. It was 


good stock. Not withstand log live absence „f learning. Uien- 
good deal of intclllgvnee. and tire pruvlnre throve. Tire Intellect 
uni at-compliafanrent of wbk-b the Marylanders were fondeM wn« 
the dialectics of Inw Numerous and complicated liilgntlun* bred 
an acute bar. and that, in turn, bred statesmen. The lawyer* of 
Baltimore rendered famous service in the rear* Just preceding 
the HevoluUon. nnd since tlie formation <>f i lie Federal govern- 
nient about *» many justieea of the Supreme Court ami Attorney - 
General* luive come from Maryland a* from any either Stale la 
the Union. 

It is not surprising Hint this free-living, quick willed. sori*hlr 
pleasure loving race of men should have early sought the delight* 
of club life. Tire "South Hirer Club" was. for many vents, the 
rival of Uie "Stale in Schuylkill " for the honor of old age. It 



80 


SUPPLEMENT. 



bun bean admitted. however, that tlic Philadelphia dub it 
the older of the two. the truth Iving Unit there in no evi- 
dence in existence of Uie exact date of the formation of the 
“South River CJuh." The club still exist*, allhough it Is 
in a somewhat moribund condition, a t>d the club house is 
the same that wa* purchased in 1740. Uiat being Use first 
discoverable date in connection with the orgnnixntion. Thia 
building Is situated in Anne Arundel County, in South River 
Hundred, “about a mile from the old English church of 
St. All hallows." What a vision of the old home must 
these names have constantly conjured to the loyal Immi- 
grants' 

The club was for Jov anil frosting. The stated dinner* 
were held twice a mouth, and. as in the ■ State in Schuylkill," 
the mcmU'rs took turns in serving. Rut although Mary, 
lander* know how to cook, they do not love to do it; they 
prefer to direct Therefore the server for the occasion pre- 
pared the dinner at home, transporting It to the club house 
lit wagons. He and the feast were attended by a retinue of 
slaves' for there was no prohibition of the presence of ser- 
vants iu the club bouse, as there was and is in the Philadel- 
phia club. Tire dinners were once very simple, com is ling of 
only two kinds of meat and a gallon of spirits, hut in time as 
riches and their offspring, luxury, increased, the feasts be- 
came elaborate. Since the war the club has declined As 
a historian of the club pathetically says: “The condition 
of Uie land owner* in Auue Arundel County ha* been greatly 
altered by llie war, and many feel no longer able to devote 
any lime to dub life.” Nevertheless, the clubhouse still 
stands, and them arc living member*. A dinner was served 
a* late as 1371. but the slated feasts have been long la abey- 
ance 

During the period of its prosperity the members dined 
not only on the Mated days, but they took advantage of 
every occasion tbnt offered them an excuse for coming to- 
gether A dinner meant a sociable a* well as n convivial 
time, sod those who participated made a day of it. Tench- 
log the club - hoim.* early In the afternoon. ‘dinner being 
served at about live o'clock. Patriotic holidays were al- 
ways observed After the Revolution the Point It of July 
was celebrated, just ns lie fore the war English events were 
observed. Here is a characteristic and Interesting extract 
from the Maryland Gtmttr of July 13, 174tl 

“The gentlemen lie longing to the ancient 1 s-.uth River 
Club,' to express their loyally to hi* Majesty in lire soccesa 
of the inimitable Duke of Cumberland's obtaining a com- 
plete victory over the Pretrndcr. and delivering tin from per- 
secution at home and popery and invasion from abroail. 
Lave appointed a grand entertainment to lie given at their 
clubhouse on Thursday next," and a committee was ap- 
pointed "To wait* on his Excellency To Desire bis com- 
pany lhn< Dny.” 

From the record book of tbe club we have a succinct but 
a sufficiently instructive account of the proceeding*. Thl* 

. 

" Lost Tliuredav was Observed as a day of IU-Joicing by 
(OmrinMt on W »L) 


MUICUFOUTA.N CLl II, WAxUlNUTUN— PRXUUlKNT APMUUL JKlDOgBA- Ifetws si C. D. Uiaww. 


Digitized by Google 





CLAUS BPRECKELS. "THE SUGAR KING."— Drawn bt T. V. Cnoxiaui after a Photoor.vfh bt GcTEECKfr, Frilapki.I'Ria.— (See P*«k RT.) 

Digitized by Google 


82 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1710. 


A Valuable Claseical Work, 

An Elementary Latin Dictionary. By Charl- 
ton T. Lewis, Author of ‘"A Latin Dictionary for 
Schools," etc. Small 4 to, Half Leather, $2 00 . 

This is substantially an abridgment of Mr. Lewis's 
“ Latin Diet notary far Schools." The vocabulary has 
been extended to include all words used by Catullus, Ti- 
bullus, I'ropertius, and Tacitus (in his larger works), 
as welt as those used by Terence , Casar, Sallust, Cicero, 
Livy, Xepos, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Juvenal, Pkeedtus, 
and Curtins. On the other hand, space has been saved 
by the omission of all detailed references to boi>ks and 
passages, only the name of the writer being indicated as 
author sty for each ward or phrase, and by limiting the 
illustrative citations to thou which are typical or pecul- 
iarly instructive. ] 'roper names, too, have been excluded, 
except those which, because of peculiarities of form or of 
their derivations, require special explanation. 


expected that lie will be a commanding figure. He 
ho* never shown tlie comprehensive grasp of a statas- 
nuin. That, indeed, is not his gift. Like Quay, he 
may lie a shrewd parly adviser upou the lower plane, 
but his friends would hardly claim for him the Sen- 
atorial quality of men like Evahth, Edmund#. Sher- 
man, Carlisle, or Hoar. To the country he will 
stand us the representative id New York Democracy, 
the ally of Tammany Halt and the saloon. Yet it is 
undeniable that his intimate associates ait* not the 
ablest men of hi* parly in the Slate, men like Cleve- 
land and Hewitt, and there is a long interval be- 
tween Governor Hi LI. and Democratic Senators like 
Van IJi'uen. Marty, and Wriuht. He will be a 
faithful parly servant, for he is not in the true sense 
a party lender. Governor Hill does not lead, lie 
follows. He is not the kind of Senator of whom 
his party can Is* proud, for he is the kind that is pro- 
duced by skilful inuchine politics, and not by the 
spontaneous admiration of great ability or loyalty to 
lofty character The Democratic party UoeSyJiol rise 
in public confidence by his election. 

BANCROFT. 


COQflWELL be founded und superintended for its short 
term what was perhaps the most famous private 
school in the country — the Round Hill School at 
Northampton, in Muiwuchusetta. Meanwhile ho was 
still the devoted and untiring scholar, und through 
all Ilia extraordinary activities his cheery and buoy- 
ant temperament curried him with unwasting leal. 
His wall-ordered and simple life was the tribute of a 
wise man to the higher laws of health , and it was not 
until he was nearly ninety years old that he laid 
down his pen and said. ‘‘I have done my work." 
Mr. BANCROFT was contemporary with ail our more 
famous authors, and lie was our oldest master of that 
form of literature in which the American genius has 
especially excelled. The affectionate ardor of the 
man is shown in a note written upon hi* eighty 
ninth birlltdav. "Thunk*, iny Ueur friend; your 
words renew youth as they waft me upon a new 
year. My life ha* been mode to me a happy one by 
my friends mid those who have loved me. Live 
long in health and vigor of mind. You have iuy 
affection as a friend whose regard cannot be shaken 
Yours in my ninetieth year, ns ever since I first knew 
you, GBOROB Bancroft." During liis life lie had 
been the subject of severe criticism, literary, poiili- 
cal. and social, but he had outlived controversy and 
aniinoaily, ami died at peace with all men. His last 
years were spent in Washington, und in ita society 
and streets In- wits a familiar figure. A son of Mas- 
sachusetts, he was long out of sympathy with her dis- 
tinctive feeling in public nffuirs. But this discord 
also disappeared, and he is buried in Worcester, “ the 
heart of the common wealth, "und his name and fame 
are part of her great literary possessions. 

A SIGN OF THE TIMES. 

The associations which under the general name of 
Farmers' Alliance are organised throughout the coun- 
try are a sign of the times not to be overlooked. 
They are the political form which is given to a feel 
ing which is observable on all sides, extending quite 
beyond the circle of thoee who actually take part in 
such association*. In New York it* latest mauifesta 
tion is the State Farmers' League, which recently is- 
aued at Utica a declaration of principle*. The main- 
spring of the movement is hostility to wliat is called 
the aristocracy of wealth. This liostility is due to 
the conviction that consolidated capital command* 
special privileges which are denied to the greatest in- 
dustrial interest in the country, that of agriculture 
The paramount question and peril of the eountry. 
say* 11 large Western landholder, is monopoly and 
public robbery. He finds an illustration in the rail 
ways, " ARMul'R sends his beef to New York for 
forty dollars the car loud, und shares the profit with 
the railronds. An honest man has to pay flUO for 
the same service." His remedy is government con- 
trol of the railronds. liis argument is that the gov 
eminent will manage them efficiently and honestly, 
as it does the Post office. It can carry passengers 
und heavy freight as easily and as welt as it carries 
letters und light freight. 

This feeling that unfairly favored classes exist, and 
that they are constantly becoming more powerful, 
that they tend to increase and extend individual pov- 
erty, and tliut personal subjugation is historically the 
consequence of wide spread poverty, is uiidoubtedlv 
spreading. It is n discontent which, in the American 
way, organizes itself for relief by political means, and 
there are those who interpret the result of the late 
election not so much as a rebuke of the eluss favorit- 
ism of the Mi'Kini.ry bill, as an expression of gener- 
al and profound dissatisfaction with the political sit- 
uation. The most striking illustration of this move- 
ment was that in South Carolina. A Farmers' Con- 
vention. composed of white Demoerats who were 
opposed to what they called the aristocratic Demo- 
cratic ring, made the present Governor, "BEN" TlLL- 
m,\n. the Democratic candidate. His main appeal 
in the canvass was to the poor whites, or ** bnckra." 
as they are called, and despite the fact that he was 
op|Mxi*d by .fudge Haskell, a representative of the 
old governing class, who had the good-will of most 
of the colored leaders, Mr, Tillman was overwhelm- 
ingly elected. The Haskell rote was about 13.000; 
there were supposed to be about 30.000 whites wiio 
did not vote, and the vote of Mr. Tillman was about 
09,000, Mr. Tillman repelled rather than conciliated 
the colored vote, while Judge IIaJIKELL rather invited 
it But it was not largely cast, and TiLUIaN'# rejec- 
tion of it was due probably to his desire to butth* the 
cliurg* that he was taking side* with the negro, Since 
hi* election, however, he declares plainly his inten- 
tion to stop abuse of the cnlored people, 

Tillman s election, which was a signal defeat of 
the old Democratic regime in South Carolina, was 
followed by the defeat of the chief representative of 
Unit rhfit lie. Senator HAMPTON. for re-election to the 
Senate. The overthrow seems to be complete. But 
the social ostracism of the Governor and hi* friend’* 
is no less complete. Columbia, the capital of the 
State, is nlmut to celebrate its centenary, but tile Gov 
ernor and the State officers are not invited. The mu - 
luul animosity i* very bitter, and a* the contest be 
tween the new and old nawevB is not ended, one ex 


Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, N. Y. 

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the fut-Sshers, portage frefaid, to arty pare of tit l 'mi ted Stales, 
Couadt, or Mfti.o, OH tempi of tie frier. II AKFE.lt'* NEW 
Catalogue, a descriptive list of oxer juon ! utmost, lent on 
re a rift of feu Cents. 


No. 1780 . 

Harpers Weekly, 

WITH COVER. AND KTPIJEMINT COXTArNIXO 
11 . lustration# AND POTWW E or Tile 
clubs or WAsnixuroN and Baltimore. 


TIBBS: 10 I'KXTN t I Ol'T. — SI 00 A EMU, IX EUVlNrR. 

Suiter i/CAOAU mao lyi* milk <ny \raulrr. 


SENATOR HILL. 

M R. EYARTS i* to be succeeded in the Senate of 
the United States by Governor Hill. During 
hi* official term the Governor ha* gained a distinc- 
tion which lie did not have when lie succeeded Gov- 
ernor Cleveland. Bui it L the distinction of a 
clever and adroit politician, not of a public man of 
large views and commanding ability, such a* are 
properly associated with the office of Senator of the 
United States. Governor Hill's remark. "I am a 
Democrat," is a key to his public career and liis view 
of public duty. Hi* chief consideration is the inter- 
est of his party, of courae with the easy sophistry that 
liis party is devoted to the interesl* of his country. 
But if his party stands for anything hut it* old tradi- 
tions. if it is somewhat informed with a new spirit 
and devoted to oilier aims, this change is certainly 
due in no degree whatever to Governor lllLL. He 
would probably be proud to be known a* an old- 
fashioned Democrat, a personage who is not a fasci- 
nating figure to those wrhn recall the Democrat of 
forty year* ago, Democrat* in New York who fed 
the nrc really of various reforms, and of relieving 
their party of it* rnlungling alliances, and a general 
Bourbon and reactionary tendency, are not supporl- 
ers of the Governor, and regard him as u heavy 
weight upon his party, mid by no means a desirable 
national representative of its character and purposes. 

It is, however, indisputable that liis sway in the 
party camp is more supreme than that of any Demo- 
cratic leader of recent times, No Governor has held 
liis parly majority In the Legislature so completely 
in hi* hand. The sole question concerning the moot 
importunt act of this Legislature, the election of Sen- 
ator, has been the Governor's will. No king ever 
wailrd Ids own pleasure to make Ida will known to 
obedient vassals more absolutely than the Governor. 
No body of free representative* ever showed less in- 
dependence than the Democratic majority of the 
legislature, who awaited the intimation of tlieGnWr- 
nutnrinl will a* courtiers attend the royal nod. The 
uncertainty of tiie Governor * decision has unques- 
tionably nrisen from doubt of the effect of his accept 
mice of the .Senatorship upon his chances for the 
Presidency. So far os lias appeared, neither he nor 
any of his supporters took into the least account the 
opportunity to servo the State and country in a great 
office. The sole consideration was the question 
whether acceptance of the Sruntomhip strengthened 
or weakened his chance of a nomination for the 
Presidency. Personal and not public considerations 
have decided the question. But while it is wholly a 
game, the Governor's undoubted control of his party 
in this Slate is a very iui|mrtunt element in all cal- 
culations of the Democratic action in 1K1EJ. Unless 
there should be some change in the Democratic situ- 
ation in the State, Governor HlLt. must lie reckoned 
with in the nominating Convention as an important 
force. 

In the Senate of tlie United Slates it is not to be 


Thu death of Mr. Bancroft was not unexpected. 
Within a year or two hi* mental aud physical pow 
ers had failed, and much longer life could not be an- 
ticipated. Yet even last summer, although hi* mem- 
ory was impaired, he hud much of the old bright. brisk 
manner, aud his greeting was ns alert and friendly 
as ever. Mr Bancroft was one of the best illustra- 
tion* of the scholar that this country has produced. 
Hi* attainments in general knowledge, and especial- 
ly in history, were very large, and he retained an 
easy familiarity with many languages to the end. 
He could open his Demosthenes at random and read 
him accurately and fluently into English, and all his 
resources were at ready command. His memory, in- 
deed, was like a well ordered arsenal, where every 
weapon was highly burnished and in it* place, ready 
for instant use. He hud an insutiahle ardor for 
study, and few lives showed fewer wasted hours. As 
a boy at school in New England hi* singular intelli- 
gence wa* remarked, and nt twenty he had already 
graduated at Hurvanl, and was a Doctor of Philoso- 
phy at Gottingen. Thoroughly trained from the be- 
ginning, with a comprehensive memory and un- 
wearied application, a quick *yni|i«thy and varied 
interests, he kept abreast of the intellectual move- 
ment of his time, and read and discussed with avidity 
the latest books. 

During the years when his interest in politics was 
most active, it was not at any serious expense of his 
studies and literary pursuits. Writing his history 
was necessarily slow w ork, for there were the foreign 
archives to consult— invaluable resources, of which 
Mr. Henry Adams ha* recently made such admirable 
use in his history of the first twenty years of the cen- 
tury. Mr. Bam’Roft'h political life delayed the ap- 
pearance of his work, but did not affect the care and ful- 
ness of lit* preparation. But the new material which 
appeared during it* prosecution, and after the publi 
cation of the earlier volumes, led him to make very 
important revision*, and to modify the somewhat cx 
uberniiL rhetoric of some of it* parts. In 1N76, when 
the Centennial edition was published, a friend asked 
him wliat he had been doing with it, and lie answer- 
ed. gayly. "Slaughtering adjectives." In that edi- 
tion, also, among the more important changes, wo* 
dropping all allusion to Vkrrazlaxo, the Florentine 
sailor, whom he had come to look upon a* a very 
npochryphal authority. His first treatment of the 
Indian* also was modified iu the light of later know- 
ledge From the beginning of hi* history he design- 
ed to bring it only to the formation of the Constitu- 
tion. Thirty-five years ago he said. "I shall slop 
with the framing of the Constitution, because all be- 
yond that i* experiment '' But no man more gladly 
admitted that with the close of the war it wa* an ex- 
periment no longer. Mr. BANCROFT'# history will 
remain tlie chief authority for the colonial aud Revo- 
lutionary period. It is a work of great research, and 
its general correctness as a narrative has not been 
impeached. Tlie prehistoric period, indeed, ha* been 
more fully Ireuted in Gay'# history, and the Indian 
ethnology Mr. Bancroft, a* we have said, adjusted 
to the latest knowledge. Tlie style of the work is 
stately and vigorous rather than picturesque, al- 
though certain description* are very vivid pictures, 
and it is doubtful w hether the historian's confidence 
in the entire sufficiency of the democratic form of 
government to secure human happiness has been jus- 
tified by the event, while there can be no doubt of 
its relative superiority, and a certain lyrical exulta- 
tion of style is natural to the patriotic historian of 
Americu. 

Our historian was essentially a domestic man, hos- 
pitable, of an ardent manner, his mind a) wav* alert, 
and lii* conversation rich in reminiscence und anec- 
dote. He had seen Goethe and Byron and most of 
the famous men anil women of the century. He 
hud held great offices Secretary of the Nary and 
Minister to England ami Prussia. He had been Col 
lector of Boston, and pulled a very large vote as can- 
didate for Governor of Massachusetts. With Dr. 



JANUARY SI, 1891. 

reliant result will be the natural DoUritfttkxi of the 
colored vote by both Mile*. This is the natural rem- 
edy for the suppressed vote, which, however, the elec- 
tion* hill will tend to |»n»ly»e. The election of last 
November is said by well- informed dtiaena of South 
(Volina to he probably the first real election held in 
die State for twenty-five years. The Governor, who 
stuudii for the new order, is described as u man very 
able, incorruptible, firm, courageous, and iutltts- 
trioua. but selflab. egotistwal, ntirefinetl, and peeuliar- 
ly distasteful to the old regime. One alt-iking inci- 
dent in the campaign was tlie speech of a colored Re- 
publican who opposed Judge Hamckll, and who aaid 
that Tiuoias had made hotli the whites and negroes 
readers and thinkers. What the Alliance ha* done 
in South Carolina it aim* to do everywhere, to set 
aside the rilling cliques and bring forward promi- 
nently the great unfavored interest. It* theories of 
government a* Ibey are announced are crude ami 
wild. Bui the rapidity of the organisation and iU 
ability to withstand the control of the old politicians 
are facts too significant to be overlooked in casting 
the horoscope of fi2. 

TUB INDIAN TROUBLE. 

Tint end of the Indian war must not end public in- 
terest in the subject, nor relax the demand for a 
radical change in our Indian policy. Thoae who are 
most familiar with the facts apparently agree in 
opinion as to the causes of the situation. A gentle- 
man who lias filled important public positions, civil 
ami military, in the Indian country, and who ia a 
peculiarly competent authority, wrote, while the late 
trouble waa still threatening: 

-I have no hesitation in saying that die present Indian 
outburst in the Dakotas has been primarily caused by in- 
competent suit in most cases dishonest agents, placed over 
ibr Indian* hv the authorities st Washington, who have hiul 
uo other qualification than that they have hem the political 
heelers of some politician who lias a pull either with the 
l'rerideiit or the Interior Deportment, and the irregularity 
and insufficiency in lire issue of liic rations and clothing to 
the lndluns — consequently their prweut slurring and »uf 
f cring condition— together with the desire anil rapacity of 
Inml grabbers and squatters ami the cormorant* hanging on 
the edge* of Ureir reservations (ofttinre* within the limits of 
tlie reservations), ready to gobble up and sw indle the Ind- 
ian out of hi* possessions. The Indiaw thonid he nnder th« 
tout rot Me military. TV jretrer that fertU them nhoutd also 
be the owe U> pndiet unit punith them. Disarm every Indian. 
A« the buffalo nud game have disappeared. IIm^t have oo 
more need of firearm* at present than one of the Six Nnlinns 
lu ttie State of New York. Let the government live up to 
and carry out faithfully the treaties already made, see Uuit 
the ration* and clothing nee imuetl teith the «rmr regularity, 
h, meaty, and rare <>* is it rat ilnue. bg the pfieer* of the f butmi'*- 
*r ry amt (fmtrtertnattfr'e dr/niitnrnti to the noMiert of the 
army, and we will have no more lives loal either among the 
settlers or the gullant fellows who nre now suffering all the 
hardships which a winter's campaign in that Northwestern 
country means 

•• Under three necessary condition* compel the Indians to 
care for themselves. As’ agriculturist*, except under mot 
favorable condition* as to climate and fertility of soil, they 
(in mr opinion i have not I wen a success, te.d as stock raisers 
and herder* and in other frontier employment*, or it* scouts 
an<l courier*, they may he brought to a more sulisfuctory 
■ ml amenable condition. 

" Bad Indian* there are. and they should tie punished; 
but in all dealings with the various tribe* the government 
ah on Id never permit its agents, either military or civil, to 
make promises which are not to he kept. Owl faith, a 
Just. fair, amt open treatment by tlw“' appointed to look 
after thrm. will. 1 believe, prevent any outbreak* of serious 
nature on the port of tbc Indiana in the future. - ' 

Tliia is a vigorous statement of a positive view. 
Thera are some serious objections to the exclusively 
military supervision of the Indians. But every in- 
telligent and honest man ftUI DgVM that it would be 
wholly preferable to the present system. 

TUB ALLEGED BRITISH SNUB. 

Rt'MOtt announce* more ceremonial trouble with England. 
Sir Jt'UAS Pac ncksott. it U mid, Informed Mr Br.*rxK 
n,mc time ago that there was to he a Grand Exhibition of 
Industries in Jamaica thin year, and requeued him to notify 
the American public of that fact, that those who wished to 
exhibit might take the necessary Btcp*. Mr. Blaink did so. 
nod application was made by the Jamaica aulltoritie* to our 
Deportment of the Interior and to other departments ami 
bureaus to send exhibits to Kingston. But meanwhile, ns 
i* alleged, uo invitation was sent to the Executive Depart- 
ment itself, and a letter in 11 m : Sun represents Secretary 
Ulsink as regarding tlie omission as a snub to the American 
government. 

But the romantic reportorfcal imagination is apt to escape 
into the empyrean. There Is no reason to suppose that 
England i« anxious to pkfc a quarrel with the United Scale*. 
No greater blunder is conceivable than for England to gel 
entangled in war with this country, except upon some very 
serious and imperativ* occasion, and if England wishes war 
there Is im> ncc»*ion whatever f<ir seeking it by a IndlrrmH 
iusult. As neither the British Foreign IMBcc nor the Amer 
lean Department of State is apt to lake the public into it* 
premature confidence. It is wire to suspend opinion upon 
Ingenious assertions unaccompanied by proof. 

When the mol Ion in regard to the sealers was made in the 
Supreme Court, the Secretary of Stste was said to hare 
dnputclu-d a slinging letter to osir Minister in fxmdon. 
But we «w*pect llut 1 m - had done nothing of tire kind. Tire 
dlpItNMcy of the Washington com-*pondenl is not alwave 
that of the government. Actual responsibility is a very 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 

conservative Influence. If tire conduct of British foreign 
s Salts has fallen to the point of snubbing a powerful gov- 
ernment, it is not u conduct to be feared 


THE CONTEST IN THB SENATE. 

Is the parliamentary contest in the .Senate over the elec 
lion bill and tire previous question, the Democrat* have not 
had lire worst of It. The skirmish concerning the correction 
of the Journal as to thr ruling of tire Vice-President was 
very skilfully conducted by the minority, and in the rapidly 
dwindling number of the working days of the ararion wo* a 
serious obstruction to Hu- passage of tbe election hill. The 
whole situation in tbe Senate raises lire question not of the 
merits of tire bill, hut of the time and circumstances of ita 
presentation. 

Tire lull is regarded by its opponents a* cmrnlklly revolu- 
tionary, subversive of traditions established in reason, and 
sure to perpetuate against tbe intent of tbc Constitution a 
permanent purtlaan ascendency This i* apart from tire ob- 
jection that the bill ia incapable of nchk-viug its prof cored 
object, and therefore cauvelerely MUro to inflame tlie bitterest 
sectional animosities, The clrcumMoncca under which till* 
bill is brought forward are throe of tire moat unquestionable 
popular condemnation of the party which had made the hill 
one of tbc chief and vital btsiMS of the election. A* we said 
nt lire time, we do not think tliat this wav a reason for tlie 
Itcpiiblicuu party to undertake Democratic measure*. Iml 
it wo* unquestionably a reason for confining legislation at 
tbi* section to tlie Decenary provisions for tbe government. 
There Is no doubt Hud the will of lire people, when once 
plainly and lawfully oxpreewd, ought to take effect a* aonn 
ils reasonably practicable. But the fact tlist this is court it n 
tbwally practicaWe only after the delay of a year Is not an 
honorable reason for pressing Ore paatngc of law* which, 
under any usual and fair interpretation of an election, tire 
country bo* disapproved. 

This consciouvnciw is the explanation of the fact that lire 
Democratic effort to prevent by every parliamentary device 
the BUOOeas of tire attempt to overthrow the unbroken trndi 
lion of free speech in the Senate in order to pa*a a bill which 
public sentiment condemn* arouses no general protect. We 
doubt if there is nuy precedent in Congress which in any 
degree justifies tire cxiraorilinury course proposed to be 
adopted by the majority to secure tbc pamage of this bill. 
The slave power in Coagrca* was ruthless and tyrannical, 
hut it had the popular majority liehlnd it. If forty yean 
ago the fugitive slave law hnd been an ksuc in lire Con- 
gmalonn! election, and the result at lire polls had hern u 
total defeat of the slavery party, even that party would 
hardly have ventured to overthrow the system of parlia- 
mentary procedure in tire Senate from the beginning in or- 
der to pass the fugitive slave bill. 


THACKERAY’S BOUDIN.” 

The February lUurt-B bn* a charming contribution of a 
daw droll and characteristic drawings by TkacXHUY. ac- 
companied by tbe admirable comments of fab daughter, Mrs. 
RrrCHIK. Tire sketches, reproduced in foe simile, were drawn 
from time to time in an album of Mm. Huhkht Bell. the wife 
of the editor of 'Bell s Poets" from Cmacckr to Cowren, 
or Conrita, a* Mrs. Rm-tiis colls him, following the Engltrii 
pronunciation of the name. Mr. Bem.'h house waa one of 
tlie happy familiar norm* of Thackkhat. and the sketches 
are of tbc funny extravagance in which Ire excelled and de- 
lighted. 

Boudin, a French fisherman with three r.impnnlou*. 
tacks the British fleet, captures an English frigate, and ptlts 
the uBoera nud crcw to the sword, mostly by hi* own hand. 
But after destroying thirty-three ship* of tbe line. Boudin 
yields to fate, to the thirty-fourth ship, and Lord Nkijkjn. 
He is thrown into the hnrrihle dungeons of Portsmouth, 
whence ' ' Mi** Fanny.” tbc Governor's daughter, aid* him to 
escape. Tbc devoted angel accorn panic* him in bt* flight 
He is wsl waned by his Majesty the Emperor and King, who 
pulls his ear fondly, creates him Arch- Admiral, and decorate* 
him with the G r r r rand Cm*, while the proud ladies of 
the court expire with euvv as tire celestially beautiful Kanuy, 
the heroine of Portsmouth, kbsos the bands of lire Emprc*« 
[•' Note. — Jfr. Atfreil tTQrmy it {mgr in uailing."\ Tlw lust 
sketch is a broken column in Pire la ('liaise, hung with a 
wreath of victory, a weeping widow unbracing tire hose, 
and the inscription: " Bondi n ! Waterloo!" 

Tlie whole ii full of the humor which Is Thackhhat'i*. 
an>l his only, the delightfully significant nonsense which 
both charmed aud taught the last generation, and wblch fur 
tire lime ha* disappeared from the English novel. 


IRISH POLITICS, 

Thr election at Hartlepool, in England, shows the Gi.ad- 
trrnXR Liberal column to ta: unbroken. Tire Daily Mnr* 
calls it lire must splendid Liberal victory since the general 
election. On tire other band. Lord Sau»hi:hv. at Cain 
bridge, says that the home rulers had given lire Tories a 
merry Christmas, but adds Hint white Mr. Glahstokk. and 
Mr. Parsrlu ‘two very clever men." still support it, Ore 
home-rule battle i* not over. He points out the power of 
tbe matchless organisation of the priesthood, which success- 
fill home-rule would Intrench, to the hitter cost of tbc Prut 
cstants 

Meanwhile Pahnki.i. summons the Irish party to Pallia 
nrenl as if Ire were still the undisputed leader, ami tire Irish 
party Is quarrelling mote hotly than ever O’Sotca ha* 
written a contemptuous Inter to Jrsrnr McUartut, and 
the conferences have produced no result. Indeed, none can 
lie produced except by lire surrender of one side, and tlint 
would he a merely formal trace. PaNXKI.i. does not menu 
to relinquish his command, uud tbe opposition to him seems 
to be diKvrdnot. Tbc only way is to deal With him as he 


83 

dealt with bit opponents, and from tbat course bis oppo- 
nents evidently shrink. 

Tlie aspect of lire situation constantly change*. but it look* 
now ns if lire English Liberal* would boh! together harmo- 
niously. amt compel a union with them of one of lire Irish 
factions. At present lire continued leadership of Gi.auwtcxk 
I s the cardinal condition of MCCfM. 

PERSONAL. 

At a meeting recently Ire hi in tliia city, com jawed of lend- 
ing paiutem, »rii!ptor*. architects, and reprvjM’titMtivra of 
the pictorial prow, a very imjiortnut proposition waa under 
discussion, via., tire bolding of a coniprehenaive exhibition 
of *• American art. retrospective atol cmiteniporaneons," in 
the Madison Square finnlea* in the spring of lt«l. The 
scheme cantemplntee tbe ro-o|a-ratioii of nil tbr leading art 
orgnuizations, and with this view another meeting will Ire 
held, to which the presideuta are invited, when tire matter 
i« ex peeled to take final shape for presentation to the public. 

Senator Fil'USrx, of \Ve»t Virginia, is a man of ex- 
traordinary endnrauce. In the lust campaign he spent 
several weeks iu travelling at night over rough country 
roads, and making atuin|w*iieecbi-s iluriug the day. getting 
little sleep, iiimI more recently lie has dUtluguiahwl himself 
ill (lie Senate by speaking for twelve hour* ngnmst tbe 
force bill, lti* sjree-cb w as probably the longest continuous 
effort ever made in tire Jte-uule. and was delivered during 
mi nil night session, lmt hr was on hand the uext dav as 
bright und •* clii|qter" as ever. 

—While in Paris this nionih the Grami DnU* Michaki. 
XlroLAlKVITCH. the uocte of lire Kinjieror of Rumuii, pur* 
cliasnl a copy of The Tear and hl» I'eople; or, Social Life is 
It twin, giving high praise to the excellence of lire text and 
truthfulness of the Illustrations. This volume, to which 
the Vlonmte de Vogil#, THBOVORR I'llIU*, ntwl ft-vltf.XCE 
Cook have i-outrihiited sjirciai articles, and M. KTaiV 
ktki'I' the skrtclies, U among the more recent uf Messrs. 
HaUPKII A llitOTMC.luv' imhlicaliotis. 

— LKVI BkKHK. lire Berkshire Couuty (Massachusetts} 
weather prophet, who predicted lire ldixxard four months 
trefnre it occurwsl, has the ronruge to try again, and says 
the worst storm of the reason will visit this country during 
the first half of next monlli. 

— Thi'oIhirk \Y rjji, once a fniuollN not isln very lecturer, 
is living comfortably with his sou at Hyde Park, Maasachn- 
Hetts. He i* eighty -eight years old, and is said to closely 
n-semlde lire pm-t BrYaXT in hsik*. 

—John F. HltwiTr, of I^» Angelco. California, on old 
sohlier, ha* shorknl a certain class of nentliiM-tal hy return* 
ing his jiension eertilVrnte to the government. He say* lie 
is able to support himself. 

— Mornix Bey, who originated tire Idea of damming the 
Nile Tor pnrporo* of irrigation, ia dead. 

— Senator I’l.l'-MB most lie an omnivorous demurer at 
new spaper*, for lie say* he nnhscrihea for at least threw 
hundred of them. 

—Rev. l»r. RnfiKiiT Cou.ykj: can still hammer not a very 
respect able liorneiihne, and is said to have accepted R chal- 
lenge not long ago to illustrate his proficiency iu his old 
trade. 

— lOXATICH ItoNXKU.Y — lie of the cryptogram— is now 
In tlie Mluaesota Benale. 

M. EttKKi.w lio built the tower, is seeking au electiou 
to tire Freneh Senate. 

—Tire now Japanese Minister at Washington, O.T atiwii, 
was a incinhrr of Hie roiiioiireiou that welcomed General 
Grant lire chrysanthemum kingdom iu ItCfi. lie is a 
man of high cttUnra and govennwentol jmailkHl. 

—The late Judge Daniki. Cmh, of Manchester, New 
Hampshire, was in the United States Senate daring the 
war. and was known as a man of wit ami strong purpose. 
On him* occasion he obtained the door for a speech late In 
Hie day, and asked for an adjournment, as Ire had not tasted 
fo.nl for twelve hours. This w as refused ; hot when he had 
a tray with lea and satidwielM-s brought aud placed before 
biin, his opponents at once voted a m ew to let hint eat hi* 
supper. 

— Profeaonc TyndaIA has Ireon quite aerinuAly ill, hut is 
recovering. 

—Mr*. KUZABKTII CapT Stavpin has jnst lost a son, B. 
Capy Stanton, whiiuu* a mcmtiet of the l.onUinn* Senate. 

Among the principal jirumolers of the Ameriruu colony 
at Topolohawjio, in Sinaloa. Mexico, u a* Mr. Eiiwaiiij How- 
I.imi, who died in I*a l/ogi.v on the morning of Christmas, 
IS90, aged llfly'-eight year*. Mr. lluw land liehmgeil to a 
prominent New York family , and waa a graduate of Har- 
vard University. Ili* predilection whs toward literature. 
He was one of the editors of the Satnvdnit 1‘rne, and waa 
tlma asMS'iated with the interesting group of w riters known 
in New York thirty years ago as” the Hobcndaita.” But he 
w as imjielled hy a purpose which transcended literary ano- 
tiitlon, and which forced him to hrcak with the world— 
with wlimre prevailing motives nud meth<Hts, social, indus- 
trial, and intellectual, ire had ro sympatliy — and to turn 
his lurk Upon tire prir.es to which his rare abilities gave 
him a reasonable title. He retinal into southern New Jer- 
sey, devoting himself to the enllttre of small fruit* bim! to 
the companionship of his hooks, of which lie hnd a rare 
collection. He wan eomuiturd hy tire tmlor of his lore for, 
humanity, aud some great uimI Iw-irefieeut work might have 
Isen the result of Ills deep insight into the tronldcs of eco- 
nomic social life, but that these very l r«u Idea puisiied him 
into Iris retirement uimI harassed him. Now and then a curi- 
ous literary sketch found its wny from Iris stndy to the pages 
of tire .tllantie Monthly ; but his heart was involved in tire 
■oeiologieal jiivd.h ui. slid many of liis studies in this field 
were published iu HaRI-KII'* MtUAtlXK. It waa ill one of 
throe that he introdueed to Aureriran readers M. GutUN> 
great iitdilslrtid exjrerimeut at Guise. Wbnt tbe w nrld lias 
lost iu tire waste of such Wlrefieeiit Js.wer as was Ida. ill a 
system where it is eimipsrativelj unavailing. only tbune can 
know who knew him. Mr. Alukiii UwknV Mexican coio- 
niiii experiment for the pvnelreul illustration of Hm: princi- 
ples of integral co-operation ” rojievially appealed to Sir. 
IIowi.a.Mi; but when, in the spring of l-cthtlie latter went 
to Mexico, the hand of death was already upon hint. This 
scheme waa the laat enthusiasm uf a bullied huiuuu heart. 



84 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. 17S0. 




THE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY AND A DELBERT COLLEGE.— [Su Fade M.) 

. Tlw Medical School. S. Recital ioa 11*11 3. The Chapel. 4. The Okl 11*11. .V Tin- North Dormitory, 6. The South Dormitory 7. Dormitory, 

Adclticrt College. 3. View of the Campus. 



Digitized by Google 


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WATCH INO TKK Dl-ST OK THE HOSTIRES FHOSI THE BUIFFS OF THE STBOtlOHOLD {On 


no 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 



I CATHKDRAI. CAR Of \ NOK ™ ®«<™-«THR.OR '.IW. 


A JOURNEYING CATHEDRAL. 

With ccclesiasticMl mini!* generally the 
prodigious scheme of reconciling religion* 
fail It With scientific fuel ill nil conditions of 
advance may have lev* faselMl ion tlmri in 
vear* pu*l. Or should it mtl l*o that they 
love this subject lew, they Imo that of fciin- 
pfy elevating Ik human mi* more. 

The latest expression of Utc moricrii Meat 
of aiming ut practical armrapltdiiaeiil in 
(hit direction 1- a pk'tiimiiui’ development 
among religion* system*. A Wrstero ludinp 
received in'piralint) for this work. which I* 
of directly fruitful nullin', wm c in inlin e iii- 
venlive science in it remarkable man her into 
the service of religion. W he I her wi'h ibe 
twain unilrtl on such it Inii* in North Iln 
kola like I Hat shadow of discord nit dogmaMi; 
ground lias "piumnI in minic nut of sight" 
through Ihe frontier range Is Dot nrjKiitnl. 
The •Tim- is lictler Itiiown that llw present in- 
vention Mim-*afully Accomplished li-vl slt’lll 
necessity for ii» nnuln-r !»y il.«- common ruin 

In his wide. wild diiKx-te Ibe titlet-roed mis- 
Monary bishop Hi H* v. William R. Walker. 
LI..!)., brooded deeply on u situation fur 
which etwls were not mpmulble. A lack 
of church edifices of any kind was Ihe sen 
otis dlftkuhy which he Intd everywhere to 
ffirc. Me noted in connection tile significance 
of the fact tliat tu North Iln kola (lie ace ran 
mndnliou in milmnil* is more thnn ordinary 
for mi new a country. Acre the Bute he 
found stretched four great line*, the North- 
ern I'urifli , the Great Northern, ihe Milwau- 
kee and Bt. Paul, and l lie Minneapolis mid 
Pacific, sometime* called the " Sat System." 
with Riders tli row n out it* nil direction*. 
A* a result of this advanced engiim-ring. 
»n*i cltlelly of ion*et|iieuce a* a stimulus fur 
tile practical measure* ikiit nniier ctmrider*- 
tli'd . a very large riumliee el *mnll liutilcl* 
dot the ruuriiry nt »hurt interval*. Many 
fnrmt are RroU|*»l arinind each station on 
the princi|xil mid binneli railways. For 
luisineas coiiveiiicote Ibe oevapniits niilitrnl 
ly ch'Hjje their hind ns near a village »» 
possible, The liidiiip cuidd I'UIttol up a* 
many a» sixty oraevenlv of these very rinall 
place* on the ritilrouiL In frequent in- 
BlanceM -u'lt settle uveitis com-ilo Ih* »t brad 
houses or chiirclww; and very nfien lie roitid 
find no room in the iiHinli-t Millftielilly In rev 
to hold twenty people, Yet in (liase siiti-v 
tions two -or three hundred people live wilh 
in h radius of four milox. 

Surli were the eotnUtiacn which promjitfd 
Rhhop Wnlkor to a*k himself many times 
over how he emilil reach these people itud 
minister to them In spiritual concern*. Much 
though*. bud is-m given to the subject , when 
be mctlnd the original expedient of u car 
planner! for ealbedrtl use. In illicit Chicago 
sliopstiie f’lilloiso Palutvf’ur ('oiu|iiuiy have 
parried nut tlir idnt of so aloolniely unique 
a roast met Ion in |rr«(*er form The wortt 
vt sk completed last moutli, and bus readied 
Its th'Minuliuo. AllhiMIgb this modern tyjar 
of srch'siAst it'n] ai'ehiieriiiie may lie wiihout 
rasilr impressive effect for present or future 


f'sthollr 


rcncrat lotus of aight-Mcn.it powt-ws ihe 
•jvrime ijimlity in *tl i "iiMrurtire jdsii* of !»- 
]V third for its tjtr.t ini UM- 

^ -.uotlf ililTi'rt'Ut titles applied to lliis car 
i.J uf pleasantry arc the ' |sTijMlelir 
' “the eNthednl oil alirt-l*. " thu 
■s,-ear liirijj citr." and the " nuuning 
lU^drai of North Dakota," Thu 
name jdren it tjJ'-UlL- bishop Ik the " C 'bun'll 
of the Advent. Tbi>\t*'nif'd in »ppn> 
priulc form uf lettering .... ; * b<1T ': I,H ' 

windows, tin ibe space Is-nestN!^ *»» t >'‘» 
is tract'll in gold and red the adil^J 1 
wcrlMira term "Calliedral Car of NorTy “ 
kotix" 

Tills cur 1* sixty feet long, arsi ttrrangrrl 
vi i ill nlmt Ims (wen known to the tnanufite- 
turers at it " stnte room " nt one elld. lu (Im 
ceituc uf die exterior on eitltcr shtc Is an c le- 
va lion with sunken ptivels Lu give in some de- 
gree the cut I k*1iuI upiMWrwiWH'. Tills traiMept 
plan whs urntngrd i»v Mr. C. Haight, of 
New York, tin; Well fcnowa aivhltect fur the 
Trinity Chiin h Association, ('olumhia Col* 
legy. ntnl the Kpisonml Thcologicnl Seininu- 
ry. ilt addition til a gcliond rminr of ittlpir- 
tiiut work in this city und It* environs. The 
rln>-li i* in "nk, ami the cur \» cipHppnl with 
iiiiiil.li' window sun HOL-oiiol of ibrcold oiud- 
try In which il will la< timed. A Hakvr InTder 
is •clrrteil fur wnrniing this moving liouvof 
worship. 

Toward tlm rrnr etui of Ihe car is the chun- 
cel. with iln slur, lectern, und font. A ovbi- 
nei organ provides the mime. The seating 
spscc is fllksl wilh portable cliairs to I lie 
unrulier of utiout eighty. The roum parti- 


nine Teet fi 

ns rtotry and bedroom is Iwst siguidtd in I he 
lii*hup'.* words; "In il I cun pul on my 
rots'* Il will nlso lie a dormitory for me 
when the people uf the liundcl will nut have 
room to shelter nw, It will bn simple in 
decoration and in its «|Uipmenl." 

“It to not my i mention. ’ lie further tlslc-. 
"to liuve a kiicben, or n cook, or n pour t 
expect to get m.v menlm its lust I can in r«im- 
llinnr*. M-rlbm iunises. or the little hotel* liv 
the way. It would >s> incongrtioits for a 
missionary bishop to go About in n luxurious 
nod |«wit|sms way. The nkjnil 1* in ■> sim 
plo »ny to p roai'li Christ's this pel mul ad- 
minitlcr tni! sncnims-nls of the Church to 
many who linve few or no n|i|siituiu't*'s to 
ii vail lliemu.it e* of Iht'sr tpi ritual is.mforl*. 
It will |s. pure lulwlomHry work adapted to 
nindrni comlitinns. 1 expect l*» he mv own 
KMut— In trim the lamps, :iud arrange the 
seal*, and *»*wp nut the rnr w lien unswxary. 
1 cX|wvl «1 ao to be my own urgnuisl very 

uflell." 

The only poatlble crtlldtai t" which thi* 
journeying rathisiml may lie suliject in ram- 
moo regard is iodicaleti fu this tine simplic- 
ity. Tlw bop: must prevail, nevertheless, 
that n» ih'irniKflil to th>' iriuinphniil course 
of the inslitutiou is fomhatlowei) in its ex- 
tremely simple form —In <ilndliliMle with the 
plan of the new Froach court drawn lip by 
M. de lie t nasal at liuunpurte’s mpital, of 


which, a* he read it, the Emperor mmI. 
" There is not tu (Detent display in it; all Umt 
would Hot throw duxl in people's eyes " N*> 
one <stn doubt llmt a wi»c bishop 'kimws a* 
dearly and it.inprrliensivHy for what he let* 
built a* did ever a poiiiiritl sovereign. Al- 
though not without dignity and eU gam e, 
this novel type of cnllNsIrut will ilepeud for 
[H>|Milnrilv »u It* iiseftihiem rather limn oit 
it* Mnlcliness. The work in ci.iuiet'Uon I* 
imsoily plnan.il In nrrauging bt* fount Ike 
insliop will send phunrrls tun days or two 
week* in t*iv4ivcc of hi* appcaruiK* 1 at u 
plate These will Is; pi<*led In the depni and 
in iIn- jsisi office. Ity lids mm a* aitimuiitv 
nvent will be nnulc Uuti the bishop will hold 
nervUc at the village in Us- car. which will be 
switched upon a side track nt u certain hour, 
The placard will also announce that he will 
be ready In adntiulsur holy buplriui and the 
Wly coiuuiiiiiion anil cimrl/niniioi*; aim* that 
ordimuy services of llie Episeo|utl Cliurcb 
will lie liehl, and it M-rrnnn pix-nclttsl. 

A ntoessily for dealing with various ntste- 
rial outwtiuiv* ha* Uen met with much suc- 
res* icy lid* ingenious bishop, ijit- ftmt in the 
bislorv of Inlmis of npuMolir origin lo have 
invcTilcul nriythiug of such dlstfnclive char- 
act* r nml prti'iirul ittilsiriatiee lo the prog- 
mu. of civ ilizalion n* l lot uf a plan for Ink- 
ing hi* nultrdral nil It lutn when going foitli 
I** | >i each Ihe gutpel among men. The 
problem of lucontult-ou was easily solvtsl 
Ibtuiigh the grnefoo-itv uf Ihe mil way enm- 
piuiUs, wlitch cbeerfidlv agived to put n 
shoulder to the Wheel by way of saving all 
. otdwiMtkal Hiram. Ttir bishop vuss grucs 
V. ful for the it**iiriin>e of lteiog hauled front 
gxsTVl.la**- to place Itch iml u freight lfuiu. A 
i^^tprluiUc travel ling cutnhi nation is thus 
form**!, siM'h as life on the emtli ha« never 
hitherto u?\elo|ieil. As the !ii*liop readily 
pmrived. thoTR^'Wr v*pt«* train* could 
nut give ilit- iJntfe'Jo ^wiich the utthedml. 
when a stop is to be f?"d l ‘ f°' services, tin n 
side truck. ' ^ 

The pivijectnr of tlie plait ol ttfcJliocmry 
Icntplc exjiects il to l>r cxtcnlingly 
tlic cottrac iibduriakt'ii. luavniuch »• lie 
1 k< able Ity this imams In reach Iiiindieils of 
families in whom otherwise lie coaid not 
mtnisu-r in aaem! likings. If itldr, a* lit! 
hopes, to Hrntlige fur an addiliuitai use of 
this car. il will provulc for occosioiuil social 
gitllicriutr* of the people. He el [•eel* tu 
bring with lum hi well limes some niu-l 
cian*. wiro, at any iiltle place selected, will 
ftirnihli m nslc ful' the clilcriiLiutncnt of the 
luid-iuiling farmer*, who. itm hUfaup fiiuU, 
Iihvc lltile or nothing to relieve die dull, 
tread-mill motioUsny of their strttggiiiig, 
work day life. " I luve thought," lie say*, 
"that thus n r»y of sunshine might from 
time to tune lie thrown in upon llicir dreary, 
trite life." These RUkrioal treats will la.' en- 
tirely free lo Ihe people. The ear other- 
w i*c, ii* iln. invwiUir liupe*. may he used 
rnsiunally for stsaiUr lecture*. Tu this ex- 
tent the bisltops plan in lielinitelv OUtllOeil. 
Ol liis iocu (native c.ih.dral system I be hr*t 
Idea was self stiggestetl. Lnl’il his plait was 
formulated, the suggestion of a possibility of 
any such arrangement hail tsa-n unheard of 
no far as known hy hinxelf. Front the coa- 
cepiioii of t|i« iitcji lie went manfully to 
work. with little Wasie iii building ensile* in 
the air, alien his cathedral is ert«-t«ai with- 
out terrestrial site. In the selection with 
which il iiniUa jnhcTtUiHes |s-rpetuitlly 
CratiMrilUtvl from Ihe geni.i* of the arehi- 
■acta of the first caibcdral*. and fnm tliat »f 
George Stepbeiisim. it lypilles like present 
largely- dominant cchxTicIsm. Tbt< modern 
epoch alone has made ptztsdde these tletir 
aide conditions, through which I* filltlil«*l 
the command lo go fuilli into all the world 
wub spiritual truths. 



TF1B CATHKPRAL CAR OF TfORTU DAKOTA— INTERIOR VIEW, 


WESTERN RESERVE 
UNIVERSITY AND A DBLBERT 
COLLEGE. AT CLEVELAND. 

Tilt: wawlnard nioVcinent of propl« in 
1h« Failed Btntca is dunctHiini by the 
ftkiindiug of eullrgcs. The rlibiug uf the 
ride t* no morn suie of leaving di-pi «ii» of 
the iicciin * treasure* on Ihe bench than is 
IIm.' flowing c.f |Htpulariun lo leave a college 
on the prairie or hill side. Tin* motive* fur 
such establishment vary. College* have 
ipriitig up .wit of the sutl of wild religions 
exciliTiU'nt; collegrs have had their origin 
in llic riel vmiiriHl ion of itiuTotv dcaomiiia 
rionii! put imiiisIi ip xml ngirnindixclJii nt . col 
leges have ijut'lt known lo ls> a eum|saicnt 
factor in »k real i-siste speculation, ami even 
to have so intimate nmuriariutt uilli a linirlu 
man a* to Decent late the inferem-e that rbetr 
foundation »n in lire interest of personal 
vanllv. Hut tm'ot collegrs. la- Il said with 
all lisinor, have lint bail sueli an origin. M-ol 
colleim have lievn estnltllsbed xx il It Woirli v 
aim*, by worthy mrtbnds, iumI under worthy 
comliliaiia. 

Whew, hi irljd. Western Rramt College 
w as fmmtlnl in norl hcaslcrn Ohio, the ItOpu. 
latiori bad already will ruverwl its tervnory 
The people had for more llitn a •core cif 
year* la-nt tdillged u. bo eOBtcnt wiili an 
nculemy ns affording the ls*sl advanlage* in 
etluruliiMi in that part of the Slate liiri'vri 
nt that lime hardly tw nseort' eollcgi-s l.iul 
been osl iditisbcd In ibu wludv OOUhtrV . liar- 
vxrri bad lieen in cxislciK*- it himilrvd and 
ninety year*; Yale, a hundred anil tvrenty- 
flvo; "Prlmaioik, eighty; Columbia (.King*). 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1780. 

*evrntv-twrt; I'uiversity of Penotylrania, 
seventy tmc. Daitntuuth. Cflv- seven, Rut- 
ger*, rifty six in tlie South, a Stale tiniver 
»ity IumI lieen begun in Georgia. South Caro, 
him. ami North Carolina. Virginia bad ita 
Hampden Sydney. \VasJiir*gl.m und Ij-c, Wil- 
liam and Mary, and it* own univendiy, then 
(HiMing il* x-vrutli year. But tlH-aennd oili- 
er coJlcges. re i*n ile in dislaorc and more re- 
mule in urrvswbtlil v, were ikH able to tili 1 |m> 
iii^vl «f a vulk'ge uf iiurriicm Ohio. To a 
degree it i* true, even in lime* of ntilmadx, 
that every Urge community must have ila 
own college, in. it must have il* own public 
schools, llie college w*s therefore CJtnh- 
lixlMil. with I bone aims which hate coo- 
IPriltai In the fimiidiU juil of every worthy 
ivdlege. Tbehe aim* were, a* they ever 
should U\ t|,ut the jasipk' might have 
facilities for III tel lee 1 11*1 growth; that Ibe 
bur might nut luck u lawyer, or the brncli 
* Judge, or the Irgislntii ro a law maker, 
or llu- church a nmiisliy. Thu niuUo 
Inscribed on the shield or thi* new col- 
lege • "nd still there- Umic. was " Chrlslo et 
Kcehune ' — * multo which, if it ia lu lie 
interpreted priifoumlly. van nut to be Inter- 
preted narrewly. bid 'bnaully, stuiuliag fur 
all those lnteru*i* whirfi die ebuteh and il* 
Founder conwrrve. |i is Hie Millie mutiu in 
which llarvsitl lias gluned for It* iwu linn 
tlml and flfly-friiir year*. 

The history uf U'estcm Reserve bat not 
been rill recant years conspicuous in many 
of lliuse element* which aoma tnl lege Ini* 
Icca hold precioitk It liuxlieco pikir in fund*: 
It bua been poor in siudenta; but it lm» l>ccn 
<ioiihpicuou» In ul I K-lioUrlv inleiesU aod at- 
tainnicDl*. tildir men ivx'hll that half a 
century ago it luul nlmt WAS ml led the finest 
factil'jofanyrotlrgaon ibis ride IImi Allnntir. 
Tlie late I’tufe.ssnr f.'ioiuik Imre Ingao those 
mathematical sod iisirinioinieiil mveatign- 
Iioiib which made the pollfge heller known, 
il ho* hoti said, in Europe than Yale iluolf. 
the eullegc lo whieh be gave lire larger *h»rr 
•f hi* long life. I'reaidriit Harden, uf Iklft 
iiith, was brre Proftwwr of i'lktlasonhy «x 
I’rofcvu.r Henry X Hay taught here 
:n vem^j 4 l il|Qt|f*~'. A- Young, now of 

Princeton, latigu oi.i.u.tdca and kindred 

subjtvl* for a decade. I’rofcMCir F,. P. Rar- 
riiws eluciditUs.l the Bible for a decade and 
a half, Ihofessor Ltutrem P Hiekok. nfier- 
w'urtl »o iiiiiinnu-ly icwieinii d with die great 
ntcnttqpi piesiih'm of tlu; liret half of rids 
century — Dr. Noll, of Fnioo -gave instrur 
lluo in theology from IKW io imd, Here. hsv. 
fur a brief period in to* long and verwilitir 
and ever nnnnlih cnrcci. was i'aul A. 
Chadboimic. Clemens lying, too. who has 
las'll called the la-st I earlier of pldluBopliy of 
Id* time, wa> a member of the facility for 
several years previous lo l*Ci£. Kuril mm. 
tngvtlirr with oilbera iu.i lew, rumpcieni as 
kIimIciiU ami (eoclN'ra, coastilitled a family 
of incomparable rftoellenec. Il« Board <>f 
Trustee* lut* also Item (vmspicuon* ns iwm- 
bcr» represctiiarive of the beat luiemle nf 
the community Ex-Presiilaut Hayc* and 
Mr. John Hay are nt present ainung ita mem- 
her*. 

For n iptartcr of n rmlnry a thcolngir.nl de- 
]Ktrtiiw at »a> inaliuslued. cducntitig. wlmllv 
ur in pirl alsiut a liuotiicd imni*ler*. bill with 
Ihe rise of distinct -i liuol* of dlvihiiy il was 
aivtikdoiierl. In 1H44 a metrical school wn* 
ojtened. wlilrli has graduated alioiit sixteen 
liuiisiit-il physicians; und which. m Clrvrbtnd, 
h a:n(cd ia an admirable building, built recenl 
I vat a cost of * Imndiitl «nd sixty llkoiisand 
doliara. ia eunlinuitig its work under most 
fitvoialde tvmdiluiBs 

From ltc*tl io I M2 Western Uescrrc Col- 
bxv was ahrniwl «t llml'oii, a tharacw-r- 
isiicnlly iH'iiuliful onllege village, twenty six 
mile* east ol Cleveland. Hui in llw- year’l8tii 
it wits removed tu t 'IcveUml, Wlut part of 
a college i- capable of re'inoval ? Nut the 
dormitories nor m-ilalinn hull*, with their 
general iorta of ntscbliMM; not the old elm*, 
beiM-Jitli whioe shadow* luiadrcils of nuideuu 
have slrutlnl. not ibe hninr* uf the iwnfrut- 
»r*, nor tlie campus, nor the landfcapc. 
W l»cit one analy/is vrlinl purl of A collccc 
mil be tnillst' IIV'i tlimiigh H|a»ee. lie finds 
that many of the most precious element* are 
Mot r;i|ui.|e uf silcli malciial meljiistlitcal. 
Itul a citizen nf rlrvclniid. Amn*a niuns, hav- 
ing iiulde inti fc-l' at heart. ph>|HiMil to give 
tin- cnllr-ge n half miilinm in endow m>'nt cut 
il* removal to his city. He thus enrolled 
himself among that ►elect c»ni|riiiy who 
havi- doin' tlK- nublest for Iheir "feHarv- 
Mlclt. The Iraii-hi wav made. Though 
this miigiiitii'-iil incmuc of funds was 
urgently needed, and Milaeijueni luldition* 
have likewise proved moot op|M>rtu«u'. yet 
in tlie transfer il proved for a brief time 
difficult to readjust the ••Iii work In the new 
physknl cuodiliuns Hut uich difficulties 
iln- soothing Mifluetice of time and wimlom 
on Ihe put of college nfHcers trad to relieve 
and to lieak Kurh itiltieuliie-i are removed. 
Tlie college i* now. is, w,iiib| w.-em. gathering 
up llic Hell ire;i'tir« • <if prestige <if ita noble 
post,. toil i* making iliem more worthy by even 
greater exeHleiwc in it* present. 

With this college foe nu ll i* n^uclattxl u 
college f«r wutnen. No [vtrt of the West ha- 
» first, rate eoHcuc for vmawn and fur tnmrn 
oolv. Il Ini* no Vasrnir. no Smith, no Wei- 
lealey. It h prupotsd to crttiitruet here n col- 
lege for woui' ii y> Iii,' It rimll he as giaal as 
ihuoe InMiliillAix Creed aoal ion Im* hern 
the rule in the West, thtemul a great c*u*e 
of iIh- prevainnre of cr*«'liieaiiun hns l»ccn 
the inkVLTly uf cubeges. Hut os the ccnunu- 



JANUARY *1, 1801, 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


9t 


nil r become* richer, ooltecM for vrtwncts are 
•ui’t of being «ub3i»hpa, Ths (Cleveland 

College for Women, of Western Knterve 
I’nlvenltv, is the first. It ha*, in foci, iu 
own learner*. and iu part, like Ibe Harvard 
Aimes and the Barnard College for women, 
the profewror* of Ailrlbrrt College, and al 
ready it line larger fundi (ban cither Uie 
Cambridge or the New York inatilution. A 
new recitation hall and a cottage are to In- 
built at once. 

Among the other part* of tbia one institu- 
tion are a medical school, now approaching 
the rloae of Ha flm half-ccntury ; a first rate 
school of art: and a conservatory of music 
of great rxrHIenco. M(*l Western college* 
are hampered by preparatory dvpurtnienia; 
many such institution* arc, Ural, preparatory 
department*, and secondly, college*. Weal- 
em Reserve baa two Ailing schools muociA. 
led with it, but they are rcoroTtrd in point 
of distance, one occupying the old college 
building* at Hudson. and the oilier at Green 
Spring*. Ohio. It b (ihsuaDt to unto that the 
W*a«.-m Rewrvv Academy at H utUott hue 
sent boys to all the best college*, but no one 
has ever failed to gain an entrance. It would 
seem that the great need of the Wot of cx- 
c-clleoi accondarv schools U lu the way of be- 
ing tilled 

The college and university bare recently 
chosen » new president, Charles F Tbwlng 
III* inauguration, it U announced, ia lo occur 
ibe llrrt Wednesday lu February (4lhk Of 
him Ui« cxrellcnt paper published by the 
students of the college prints in a recent is 
sue lltc following sketch ; 

" President Charles F.Thwing, D.D.. was 
bom November #. 1(188. at New Sharon, 
Maine. He passed a ronsidcrabic portion 
of his boyhood at Farmington. Maine, tlae 
home of Jacob Abbott, by whom tltr hoy's 
talent* were recognized, and who encouraged 
him to get nn education, and to seek it in tlie 
best schools or New England. He went, ac- 
cordingly. to Phillips Academy, al Andover, 
and thence, after a brilliant career, to Har- 
vard College, where he graduated In IbTfi. 
having established a reputation as nn able 
mao. a laborious student, and a good friend. 
He stood among the very first of hia cUm. 
He went immediately back to Andover, and 
here wa* soon recognized am one of Ibe ablest 
men in the inatilution, anil was enlisted by 
Profewnr Park io work which found its way 
aubaequeutiy into the HMioikcc* Stmt. He 
began here also bis career as a writer tor the 
paper* and magazine*, anil studied itnd wrote 
steadily In Ibe department of college admin 
tttraliojt He soon became a recognized au- 
thority iu tbU bntrtcb. and was called upon 
to write the article upon " American Col- 
lege*" in Lite J?nfgrivt*rrfi(i Auwricmti, the 
supplement to Ibe Brito** ism. President 
Eliot said that he considered Mr.Tbwing one 
of tbe best authorities upon college manage- 
ment in the country, 

’ After graduating nl Andover, Mr. Tbniiig 
settled in tlie ministry at Cambridge. Ma*** 
chuwtts. where he remained until about live 
yean since, when called to Plymouth Church. 
Minneapolis. As a jaislnr ho wna nblc and 
successful, manifesto? special laleut as an 
organizer. Hi* fsitl.iulncss to the minute 
detail* of parish ndmiui-.lruUnn Was remark- 
able. Hi* contributions to tho press became 
more numerous. He wa* the author of sev 
eral books He was soon recognized as a 
leader among tho young dimi of tin- Con. 
gregatloual ik-nomluatlon. and honor* were 
heap'd upon bim beyond any yiHiu& man iu 
the vicinity of Boetou. He was made, a abort 
time before hia removal lo the West, a mem- 
ber of the Prudential Committee of the A mcr- 
M-ao Board. He was also an editor of the 
lUtttiit A*n» Sm. He wa* mode Doctor of 
Divinity by Chicago Theological Seminary. 
His position in the West hits boon equally 
remarkable with that at the Bart. He has 
received call* to a number of professorship* 
and presidencies, such us at town College, 
Kkii»*»» (State University, etc. He is an edi- 
tor of the Chicago .-Irfrunre. Itis scbuUrly 
ability. Iiis administrative talent, and hts ac- 
quaintance and favor with tlie public are so 
great that Adclbert I* to be highly congrat- 
ulated upon the acquisition of such a presi- 
dent." 

Western Reserve University now includes 
seven departments, manned by more than 
fifty teacher*, enrolling eight hundred *iu- 
■ |*hu, housed in a dozen different buildings, 
having libraries of about forty thousand vol- 
ume*. and an endowment of more than a 
million dollar*, the larger (Alt of which has 
been received in the decade just closed. Its 
needs are. however, gtvat. Like every col- 
lege which seeks to do its duly U> its ennstit 
uency, it i* poor. It* library needs fuutU. 
iu admirable laboratories nevd a large and 
proper building, the prospect of tlie great in- 
crease of collego studentM urges the erection 
of a now dormitory; its women's college 
needs more collage*, a noble rec-ltaiiun 
hail and one cottage bring already provider! 
for tltn w omen's college; iU profesuvrsbipa 
need endow moot: iu cvneml fund needs a 
Urge inrri'-uae, Tin- iiltut rations on ]atge K4 
suggest, so for a* pictures of stone mid 
trie* can suggest anything at to the value 
of lire agencies ami method* of a college 
ami unlvorsliv. some <d the larger advan- 
tage* which Wtsinti Reserve now oiler*. 
But the new president declare* that In ev- 
ery new year a college should do heller 
work than ia any ]**m year, and wc may 
expect that tlie advantage* of 1X02 will Lu 
yet larger than lltuso now provided. 



cMVBHssrrY cltb, bai-timokk. 


THE CLUBS OF WASHINGTON 
AND BALTIMORE. 

(Amtinnl/mi psa -St, A^astwtl 
this Hociety uu account of Hie Gloriim* 
Victory of’ Itis Rovid Hitlwrw the Duke 
of Cumlterlantl over the Rebels, by drink- 
ing of Lay alt Healths. Firulng of Cannon, 
and Great Demonstration* of Loyalty Wits 
Shewn on (hat Happy Ucfttlon* by* Num- 
ber* of Gentlemen then Present. Also n 
Handsome Dinner, Ac., wua found by Mr 
John Brewer, ©no of the Present Member*, 
at tho Expanse of the Society." . 

And so tbe Ancestor* of the men w|*> have 
founded gun club*, hunt Hull* and fishing 
dull* innumerable feasted nttd t>aik their 
pleasure along live Pklunximt and the Gun- 
powder, and tin the shores of tlie Chesapeake 
are the modes* and comfortaWt) l>wm» of 
organizations founded nud inaiuuined by like 
dtweendattU of tlio** who loved • ■ strong 
punch nnd sack.” iuid wlto wrote titeir itivi- 
tattoos for tliu dinner and for all manner of 
entertainment* on the backs nf playing-card*. 

It Morn a long try from the days when the 
elegant company drank punch form a single 
howl, or beer from a single tankard, lu the 
more pretentious duvs nftpr the Revolution; 
hut while it may lie iu to certain sutnll cum- 
foil* sixl large lux it ties of life, It is not a* to 
llt« CMenlfal spirit of the race of hu*pi table 
men and beautiful women who have manic 
Baltimore's charm* famous tbe world over. 
Manners only tieciuiie formal; ineu did not. 
Society acquired a code of lnw, hospitality 
knew no liiniialioiiH. Tlve rules and regula- 
tion* dletHlcd lif etiquette wore Um same for 
Baltimore as for Philadelphia. Tbe hitler 
unit Urger illy Ima always everted a certain 
Influence over iU smaller neighlxjr. In tbe 
more modern day It luta pushed Ita red bikk 
slid white rnarldc hnunr* into a town whose 
native taste in for far rnure picturesque and 
cxjinfortaMe dwellings. Each town had Its 
dancing owcmbly, and it wa* the custom of 
lite limn that a young man should dnnc« 
wltlt Uic Mine partner the waning lltroiigli. 
On tlie following day it wai his bouudcu duty 
to cal) on the young woman, and take tea at 
the home of her |s»reu1s. when there wa* a 
bmvedisplav of silver and china. 

In essential thing*, however, there was 
much difference between the society of the 
Southern town and that of any of the North- 
ern cities. The social line between the North 
and the South rany Isc *nid to lc drawn nt 
Baltimore. It was a city of caste, a city iti 
which there was pmctirally no white Inimr; 
in which there wun a dominazit society of cul- 
tivation, and the subservient slaves, white and 
block, were In-low ilu- avernee in intcili- 
gence. What wa* said of Virglitm hv tin' 
Due dr la Itorhrbiuraiild-LiaiH'ourt in tire or - 
rounl nf bis travel* through the L tilled Slates 
lit tltt' years ImmrdirUcly following tltr adop 
(inn of the (’ooslituliiMi. might hnve been nl*o 
written of Baltimore It wa* thh 

*• In spite of tire Virginian love for dissi- 
pation, l hr la*te for rending is oouimntM-r 
there ttmoug men of tbe first clam tbiin in 
any other part of America; but the popula- 
tion is perliap* more ignorant there than 
die where." 

This i* neither a stnurge nor an uncompli- 


mentary observation. Wliat tbe writer saw 
wna a condition of tilings thnt wa* iocTltalile 
from the nucinl oqntniznlion Dial obtained 
in the Sunlit, and which is not even yet en- 
tirely overcome. "Men nf the first cliuu" 
in the North were money-getters; "men uf 
the first cl«*s " in Virginia, in Haiti mere, every- 
where In tbe South, were tnoDt-y »|wnder*. 
Tire city of KMltimore was the citief town <if 
the Smith When Llancuurt «u here, in 
tlie loot yean of the eighteenth century. It 
wit* the third commercial city of die coun- 
try. New York ami Phiiadctplrln only out- 
ranking it. For many years official rnumcr- 
niton* have placed It trear to Boston, hut It 
is not *o large n* (lie New England metrop- 
olL* if we consider the buburlis, wliiclt ore 
th»' I tomes of the hutinew and profvHtlonsl 
inert of Boston. Nor is it in the Iv-imt like 
Boston, except for its liospiittliry, which I* 
even more gcttcrmi*. and certainly more cuth- 
olk. vital •. uiaI of the Northern town. Nut. 
be it understood, llmt Boston hospitality is 
to be Id (be least depreciated: but tire liuspl 
tidily of Baltimore asks very few qurslion*. 
nnd observes very few of tbe formalin** of 
ciiutieitc 

Club life iu Batiimore began somewhat 
Iftte. There was, perbap*. little Deed of 
clubs until the city attained to lire inevitable 
perfud of urbttn existent* where there arc 
well defined uptown and downtown dis- 
trict*. Tlie old Baltimore Club, founded in 
the forth*, wax lionwd in the neighborhood 
of Battle Monuiuent, near to a famous bos 
telry. where the cooking wo* of tlie nwiet »«l- 
tnirahle ehnraeter. Front this organizntioD 
grew lire Mar -viand Club, one of Ibe famous 
iitaitiitioiis of its kind in the country. 

There nre Certain social and quasi-public 
institutions which nre standanls. You may 
have known nil lltnt they have lo impart to 
you, but if you do not know them, All your 
rxperieiirr* acquired elsewhere eoullt for no- 
thing. If y*ui have not eaten terrapin or 
duels nr tasted rye whiskey til tire Maryland 
Club, if you Imre not Itceti tire guest of tlie 
Baltimorean in lltie luttue of hi*, von may 
pnsaibly know all these delights, but »ou 
cannot be attaoluicly sure. You may ItwCped 
find these perfect pnxluclselsewtiere.,lnilyr>ii 
mav likewise be deceived, and there la nn 
doubt of whirl you find at the Mary bind t luh 

It » rightly named, for it Is tire club of the 
, Stale. Baltimore is essmitially the city nf 
Milt) land. The country geutletimti who 
maintain* hi* anccalml home, who miw* 
horses nnd tattle and grows crop*, fnllow- 
iag the f oxh ton of iUoh- who have gone be- 
fore him, ha* bis Huh iu lire city, a ml corm-s 
to the town for ita sochil life as well as to 
trunHart his buxine** In lire comfortable old 
parlors of the club -parlors which will be 
only a memory In a few moiitli*— you will 
Itmi not only the Baltimorean whn drops iu 
for a chat af’tci (mihIiu->mi in Bk- afternoon, or 
for -dinner, or for hi* evening amusement, 
but tire Marylander who has lubwiuil tire 
ktsm zc«l of the early settler* for (hr sport* 
uf lire field amt forvat. and who L couteut 
with nren-ly nn ocmsioual d»*h of city tin 
joyrnclils ill his wliolesome cxiateucr. 

Then.' i* no club preclaelr like this in nny 
city north of Buliiutorc. 'There b no club 
so dUtioctly tioulbrrn in WaGiinglon It u 


difficult to get well-trained hUck serrantf. 
hqt the Maryland < luh sgtcomU. and iliere 
b no quieter or Iiettrr service to be found 
anywhere There Is a certain air of sociabil- 
ity ami comradeship in this club uqd iu fel- 
lows Id Baltimore which i» purely American, 
and which i* unfortunately disappearing from 
the club* of the larger cltlea, where it i* too 
much the habit lo consider good form Eng- 
lish form. One of the charms of the Amer- 
ican man has been his good nature, hi* un- 
selfish regard for the comfort of others, hi* 
low of comradeship, Me MfumptJon that bla 
neighlior i* entitled to lib confidence, amt it 
ii> to tw elncarely regretted that many of our 
gilded youth are Acquiring the Brit bit vtce 
which cusnpcln a nun, os soon os he is thrown 
in contact with another, to put hmi*ctf on 
Ids guard toil his sacred isolation should he 
intruded upou. Although tire stony British 
stare is a frequenter of several of our New 
York club*. It would be diaU-iill u> discover 
it in the hvarty and genial Maryland. Yon 
will find Instead ad elegant and graceful 
courtesy, which come* down to our material 
age from the rhivnJric timr* that nre nr* yet 
furgoitca iu Maryland: and Unit liigb bred 
dignity which marks a verv thin emu nf re- 
serve over very warm itmf easily nwakrtred 
svmfutthics soon rluwoJvr-s into a most de 
light fully renpcctrul familiarity; and wlrea 
you have resdred that point with the Balti- 
morean, hia home is your* so long at you 
continue to deserve hi* confidence. 

Gradually the busiuess offnirs of lire city, 
like all hitiinesa affaire, like all the disagree 
able hut essential features of our dnvelopiog 
dvilizAtluit, lutro cucrunched upon lire old 
club house nn the ramcr of Catiiadml and 
FnutklJu street*, mid as domastieilv ami so- 
ciety are cv r fleeing before Irmfc. m> the 
Maryland (luh L moving up town. Its m-w 
bouve, which will Is? completed in a year or 
so, is a veritable palace of white marble. 
There it no club-hoine iu New York with 
turh a fu-adc a* tliut of the Mur) land's new 
bouse. Its shining Atom's are undressed, 
and in no long time will be timed down to 
the pleiunnL drab which makes tlx- Wash- 
ington Monument and the Peabody Build- 
ing so delightful lo lire eye. What Ihn in- 
terior will be Is so dependent upon the taste 
of those in charge of tlw decoration and fur 
nbliiug that it cannot well be foreshadowed, 
but if it lie In keeping with tlie character of 
the club, it will be suggestive of ull (hat it 
gtiBcrou* and comforlanlc in bwpiiallty. and 
do one who Juts even the slightest acquaint- 
ance with the old club-houw can entertain 
u doubt as to what the result will bp, 

A block away from tlw present .Maryland 
Club house is the Ailwiurum. This organi- 
zation lius tlw old Union for its foundation, 
the Union being one of tlie chain of cluls of 
which the Union Ixwgucs of New York and 
Philadelphia are examples. PoIIimuiI feeling 
ran high in Baltimore at the beginning of the 
war. and while the sympslhirs of Urc people. 
wcto chiefly with the" Soul It, there were many 
Union men in Murylami hesidcs the shrewd 
Ncw-Englnndcre. wlto had made their way 
lo tlie town lo sjiare in its grant cotton, to- 
Ixacco, owl cofftr tnide. The disturbance* 
crept into aneiety amt into tho Maryland 
Club fv'tile of the leading men of the city 
joined the Union. The political character of 
the Hub. however, could not lie maintained. 
It was transformed into an art and literary 
club, and its name was changed to tho Atil*- 
mrtim. There Is n good deal of iirtlxie and 
literary taste in Baltimore, which re to Ices 
io adntiraldtt examples of Borye in Monu- 
mcal Somire, arid in one of tho fullest nnd 
moat judiciously selected private picture gal 
lerips in the country. Now. a* when Lfeto 
court wrote of Iris travels, there is much 
reading done in the ISjutli. «ud if any one k* 
sceptical on this point, let him inquire a* to 
the treasure* of buiitlierii libraries that have 
btvn piekol up in trld lrook-ainres since the 
war. The Atht-mriim Club bat greatly flour 
Ubial. sod its house is oan of ihn««’tonmy 
and cutnfurlable'iniuisions which Baltimore 
arts constructed wl*pn they built more with 
reference to their genial climate than to the 
architectural ideas and ecornuicltln that con- 
trolled the lankier* of Izioiinn in the wren- 
(cmitli century, aDd that are uow overpower- 
ing their imitator* of the nineteenth. 

In tlie course of time youthful Baltimore 
found the MaD'l Bn ^ irrowion a little too 

old and loo aedate for iu It wanted a plnre 
of It* own. Tlie "governor" reiunliwd a 
club man notwitltstanding his white hairs, 
and the boy longed for rim privilege of a 
club whii-h should not be quite such a family 
afTnb. Therefore the Baltimore Club was 
founded. Its handsome hrownstonc, very 
niodcrn ltoutc is on ('buries Street, diagonal 
ly opposite the Mary land Club's new build- 
ing It Is lo the older organization whit 
tbe Calumet ts to tlie Union, nr the Rtlivn- 
hottse in the Philadelphia. 

Tin' Julius llupklu* University has made 
n strong imprcMtou rut Baltim>>rp, and lias 
brought to the city an important scientific 
and pedagogic clenont. It hua added per- 
ceptibly to the number of collrgc hnd turn, 
aimI to ntn l their social requiretnenls there 
is a University ( luh, small bill exceedingly 
plca-uml. and having stated reuriiuns. after 
tlw (million of the New York Cewtaiy. 

Of course then.' Is a Country (flub. Life 
in Maryland would lip nothing without a 
touch of the country, Somewhat like B>>* 
ton * Country Club la tliat of Baltimore, fur 
tin; house i* often tbe objective pvilnt of a 
ptoaMiu ride, and there is murb frosting and 
dancing going uu within iu walls. 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. l7f?0. 






ggjg 


BUI? 


THE METROPOLITAN CLUB, WASHINGTON. D. C.-Diuw* mr C. D -[S«k Surr«.*niwT.] 


JANUARY 31, IWl. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


93 



UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

Datii> IIkn > kmt llti.L, of Elmira, twenty-eighth Governor 
of the 8i»to of New York under the Constitution. wlio on 
tl»c 21** inaL vraa elected United Sute* Senator to succeed 
William Maxwell Evans. whose term will expire on March 
4th next, w»» born at Havana, Sclmyler County, then Che- 
mung. August 23. 1848. lie in descended from sturdy New 
England stock. His education was eontined to the schools 
of hia native town and to the law olBce of Gabriel L. Smith, 
of Elmira, to which city Hill removed in 1808. and where, 
one year later, be was admitted to the lair. !1« had been 
brought up in the Democratic faith, and at the age of eight 
hot] published a Democratic newspaper, and at seventeen 


had delivered his Unit political speech, llis flr-i vote wo* 
cast for General McClellan for President. Shortly after hia 
admisnion to the Imr Judge Smith took him into partnership, 
the firm continuing down to 1874. When Mr. Hill was 
lira! elected to the Assembly, in 1870. he hud Won hia spurs 
os a ward worker, and during hi* second term Iso aUrartrd 
the attention of Samuel J Tildes, to whose political meth- 
od* he was gradually attracted, and with whose political for- 
tune* lie was ever after allied. In 1875 Governor Tildcn 
offered him tbo appointment of member of the Constitutional 
Commission to provide charters for cilia; but the compli- 
ment was declined for professional reasons. In 1878 tbo 
Common Council of Elmira elected him City Attorney, and 
about the same tlma was formed the tow firm of 11*11 & 


Stanchlitld, to which was admitted subsequently the late 
William L. Muller. In 1881 Mr. Hill was elected Aldi rnmn. 
ftml In the spring of 1883 Mayor of Elmira. He hail become 
recognized uy this time as one of the »hrcw<U*t political 
wire pullers of the sou them tier, and in the summer of '82 
licrann* a formidable candidate for Governor; but in the 
Syracuse Convention Grover Cleveland carried off the nom- 
ination on the third ballot, Mr. Hill receiving the nomina- 
tion for Lieu tenon* Governor by acclamation. The ticket, 
called - tbo Mayors" ticket." because of the fuel that «*eb 
candidate was the Mayor of his city, was iiupreccdruledly 
RUCceAsfnl. Mr, Cleveland receiving n majority of 103,834, 
Mr. HUl of 108.781 ; but on the total vote cast the latter fell 
tfSJ below that of Mr. Cleveland. During Mr. Hill's term 



iy Google 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXX V . X0 j- w 


94 


ns presiding officer of the Senate (id estab- 
lished the precedent of inukitig n quorum 
by counting mrmhi'i' n* present and not 
voting, Alter Mr ( lev. bind a election n* 
President of Hie United State* in 1884. mnl 
hi* resignation a* Ooriflmr January 6, 1883 
Mr Mill succeeded to Mid Gubernatorial 
chair. Before be had lieen In «MHee ft month 
(in inul in procna of formation nor of Ibe 
largest personal political machine* In tl»e 
bDtnrv of ll*r Stair Hr it* mean* be ob- 
tained lire nomination for Governor in tbe 
fall of 1 hk} HI* tiikr-t v>*l elected by a 
plurality of 11,000 (hiring hi* term of office 
l»e devoted himself to building up bin puny 
and strengthening hi* machine. No Gov- 
etnorof Kir Suite of New York bn* travelled 
mure extensively while holding Mils office 
tlum Governor Kill. In leetfl, 8?, '88, awl 
be (pent tint greater part of llw month of Sep- 
tember In vbitiug county falm .arid making 
ailtlrenie* to tin* farmer.' In inSri lie vDited 
Concord (New Hampshire) ami Button. Dur- 
ing tbe Proeldeotial campaign of 1888 he ile- 
livemJ wrtnl speechr* in Indiana. A year 
later lie mode a tour of I be Southern Slate*. 
Lad full lie dumped Ohio. Connecticut, and 
W«i Virgin in Tlti* summer be tmitn- 

6 1 rites making a trip to the Pact Ac coast Mr. 
UK Is nut married. 

Mr V ARCS's reelrcUon at tbit time it cs- 
pe Hally Interesting. In view of the purl taken 
in it by the Danner*' Alliance. Tbe Alliance 
ha* ruptured the Democratic utgimixatioii in 
North Carolina. and * very Urge mnjoriry of 
tbe present member* of Ibe Legislature nre 
member* of I|m farmers - orgnniaulon It 
was Mr Ytince who introduced Ibe Snb- 
Twwattry tiill Into the PI fly- first Cmigrew. 
Afterward he i-Xpromed d-.nl*U at to it* con- 
•tltutiotinHly. sou tire Allbow wi ved nolle* 
upon him that unless lie would promise to 
suppott the bill be ftbould t*Ot be ie elected. 
Apparently an understanding— nl least n Hire 
d«« i ire nrfr— ha* been reached, and bus const i 
Intioul objections have lieen overcome. 

Zebulou B. Ynnce was burn in Hiincomhe 
Comity. Mnv 13. 1H90; attended Washington 
Collwtt in Trnnmsro. and the University of 
North Carolina : studied law. and wils »il 
milled to the bar in 1832 He went into 
politics at once, and was elected County At- 
torney the same year lie v« admitted to tbe 
bar. He #us elected n Representative in 
Congress. and served two term*, until the 
breaking imt of the war. In May. UNII. bn 
entered the Confederate army an a Captain, 
and was promoted Ibe tame year to lie Col- 
onel. In AugiiMt. 1*MW. be was elected Got. 
ernor of bit State, and rn-elcctcd in 1(0M. In 
1870 be was Chosen l ulled Staten Senator lijr 
tbe But* LtlbltMmr. bat as bU legal di-alnl 
I ties for Inking purt in the war of sct-euiun 
bad not yet been removed. In was refused 
admiiaioii In 1872 he win ngnin a enmliilute 
for the Senalonblp. Imt was defeated A 
third time lie was elected Governor of Hie 
State lu 1870: and in 187# he at laftt took Jilt 
scut in Uir Senate at Washington, where he 
ho* since remained. 

Mr Vance i» a ready speaker, quick at rep- 
artee. full of good Htorie*. anil an adept in 
running delude. In w hich hi* long practice in 
joint canvasses and stumping lours stands 
him in good stead. He 1* tmpulur with lilt 
colleagues, and a general favorite with all 
dittoes I u North Carolina. 

Mm. VuOMHUU is one of tbe picturesque 
figure* of the Senate Nick nanus are not 
ulwuys well applied, bait " Ibe Tali Sycamore 
of tbe Wabash *’ rewtrv* to lie one that lit*, find 
perhaps the Terre Haute statesman himself 
doe* not aliogetlier dislike it. 

Daniel W. Voorbre* was liorn in Butler 
County, Ohio. September '.'ft, 1827. but re- 
wm at an early age to Indiana. In IH40 
be was graduated from the Indiana Asburv 
(now Dc Pauw) University , After word be 
studied luw.aml was admitted to the bar in 
1831. HD oratorical talents and hl« Interest 
id politic* were rarly developed, and in 1830 
he Was appointed United Slates District At 
Uiraey for Indiana, and remained in office 
during Mr Btidinanu'* admlabt ration. Ini 
mediately afterward he eniered CnngMM as 
a Representative, ami served through tlir 
Thirty -levenih. Thirty eighth. Thirty uiuth. 
Fort v- first. and Forty (econil Congresses, hi* 
district being pretty steadily Democratic. 
He ran for IfrpriscsiUtivi! in the Forty fifth 
Congress uIki. but suffered defeat. Soon 
afterward, however, lie was appointed by the 
Governor to fill the real iu the Senate that 
had been made vaetint by tint death of Mr. 
Morton, and tank hi* »»t November 12. 1877 
The Legislature ratified the Governor's choke, 
und this i* bis third re rlection. 

.Mr Voor trees D large in frame and impres- 
sive in manner. As a •tumpspeaker lir ha* 
few equals. Hi* name has been " mentioned ” 
ntotf than one* a* a pmsuble candidate for 
the V*ce-I*ru»iilency on tbe Democratic ticket. 

Avoso the Senators re-elected this year, 
not tbe hast in iuf1irencc und ability Is Mr. 
Vent, of Mbaottri The Senator from Kan- 
sas Citv may not he quite the ruual of Mr 
Vauce in repartee or of Mr, Vowclt**-* In ora- 
tory. but he is prriiap* mare useful to bD 
parly in the Senate Hi, in cither of Ihore gen- 
tlvtuen. M lieu • cvintesl of physical rndur- 
uc.ce is iii progress, Mr. Vest may always 
be depended upon, and Ire D one of tire rcc- 

Ognittd h-u-lrrs of the minority. 

George Graham Vest *n« born at Frank 
fort Kentucky, December ti. |*cm |h- war 
graduated at tbe age of eighteen at Centre 


College, and five years Inter from lire luw de- 
partment of Transylvania University, at Left 
•ngton. I u tbe ntme Suite In 1888 Ire re- 
moved to Mireouri, aad entered upon the 

t uactk* of lire law. He wa» a President lal 
Elector on lire Democratic ticket iu I*h». 
nud a member of tire Missouri House of H« |v- 
resentntives in 1HW-1- When the war broke 
out be cast in his fortunes with tire Confed- 
eracy. aid wa* a member of the Confederate 
Congress for three yean — two years as Ref* 
reacuMtlve and one year a* ScnaUir, After 
tbe war lie uractised’bis nataalMI anil look 
f«irt la poUtlca) cau«p«lgt>* until Ire wa* 
elected n United Stairs Stmator to succeed 
James Shields, and look bis sent at Wash- 
ington March 18 1870 lie Ire* been in tbe 
Senate ever since that lime. 

ThK tregidalnre of the Slate of Colorado 
»«• In a divided and almoHt disorgnnitted 
condition when the vote on United Slates 
Senator was taken, but Henry M. Teller had 
a majority of the votes in the Senate and in 
both the rivnl bottle*, mi there is 1H> shadow 
on his title, and he is appoivutiy the ut:aui- 
rniMia choire of tire Republican* of his Slate. 

Mr. Teller was born in Alleglreoy County. 
New York, Mnv 23, 1830. He received ■» 
rotnrannschool education. Uudled law. ntul 
was ndmitted to tire l*tr. Iu 1858 be re- 
moved to Illinois, but Maid there only three 
year*, going to Colorado in 1881, wix-ie lie 
has since remained in the practice of his pro 
feadon 

Mr. Teller woa not prominent in politics 
until 187A. when be »u dmaen oik- of the 
Unit Senator* from tire new State, ami was 
re-elected almost immediately, on December 
llih. for tire term ending March 4. 188.1 He 
served In the Senate until -April 17. Mi- 
ll* waa appointed by Pre*ident Arthur Sec 
relary of tire Interior, lli* ndministralbm 
of this department wo* Mite rally rtssvgnii’isl 
as e.xrs-cdtngly able and buaincm-likr, and his 
spectul kiKiwlerlgt- of tire We* tarn country, 
and bis sympathy with Western ideas ami 
feelings, made liD services especially vidua 
We. At the end of Mr. Arthur * admlniHtu 
lion, having lieen re-elected by tin- fregidit- 
ture, be took his seat again ituluediiite)) in 
tire Semite a* Uw successor of Nalhunrel I* 
Hill. Whoa* appointment as Commissioner to 
the International Money VmltimW by Pre- 
sident Harrison has recently created such a 
Mir. 

Senator Teller i* not a brilliant orator, like 
bD colleague. Mr. Wolcott. Imt he is a Irani 
worker, a diligent stiuU til. ami i* recogBiwd 
as nit authority on many special subjects. 
He k of course, a ‘ ‘mlvi-r mao." a* every- 
body D Iu Colorado, but lie is not as extreme 
la bD advocacy of free coinage a* wmie of 
bD collengires Although a Republican, Mr. 
Tdlef* independence of character Iras more 
than mice ranted him to disobey cnurit* dic- 
tation. He i* not an advocate of the federal 
eU-cthms hill, although Ire lures bD niqioM- 
tlon to it rather on tire ground of expediency 
limn because Ire doc* not favor the principle 
of it. Mr. Teller's rather tall, spare figure 
Is one of tire btxt known in tbe Senate, and 
there D seldom a roll-cnll on which be is nos 
recorded as present and voting. 

THK LITTLE CHAP. 

BY IIJAUIAK HJOKTtt RtlYRSKN. 

The Little Chap Irad lieen humored from 
tire lime Ire wus liorn. bat then he was such 
n fa*riualiug Little Clrati that iioDsly could 
help humoring him. Hit was Mubhorn. be 
was headstrong, be wit* naughty . if you like, 
tire Little Cltap; but iu biv very- naught Incas 
there mi something really captivating whii It 
won your heart, but plnytd llw mDchtef with 
your dignity. When be stood ls-fore you 
w ith id* leg* far aptm.lti* hawk in tbe pock 
ets of bis much • palchptl Inmaeni, and the 
magnitude of his livOuticv so out of propot 
Hon to tbat of Ins tiny Ixidy, you were alto- 

K tlier at a disadvantage, and ! urn not sure 
it that tbe LJtile Clrap In the innocent sly- 
ness of bD heart Tell that you were at hi* 
iireiry. A little patched ciretub like him. 
with* tousled blood Itnir and an etwruwiH 
score of Ills own itn|n>rla«ire. would have 
lieen no mean antngonDt to Hercules him- 
self; nud. Wrfaat b more, so secure Was be in 
the dinariouHies* of hi* valor that he would 
not have Ittsat afraid to tnckle Hercules. 

The Little Chap's fatlrer, Arnuad Myra, 
was a carpenter by trade, and lived In one 
»f the loneliest mountain valleys of Norway. 
HI* wife. Kart, had praMBled him with five 
daughters before it occurred to her to pro 
rent him with a son, and his Joy at the la*t 
arrival luul only lieen equalled by his disgust 
at the live previous one*. The' Little Chap 
took instant poaresninn of Ids father * heart, 
which Irad been kepi purposely raciuit for 
lii* reception. When the nurse brought hint 
on the evening of his arrival upon a pillow, 
and placed him across Amanda knees, the 
carpenter freely forgave hi* wife her five 
*v*r i1i'l|jl<|<iesieie* ill r> itnwlertilion of lire 
Julc Chap. For this was not the iisunt In- 
fantile vegetable that simply fed aud slept. 
It was a quaint and sturdy little personality ; 
Hint took in the world, his father included, 
with a alow, wondering gar*, and seemed to 
don vast deni of profound and solemn think- 
ing Amtuul could not i*d himrelf of the 
iuipreuion Hint his son viewed him rather 
critically, as if he were debating with him 
self Whether, oa the a hole he liked III* ap- 
pearance and found him a fairly Mtlbfiirtorv 
parent. He was Very much afraid Ibdt be 


did not come up to the Little Clrap'i simul- 
at'd: be nits absurdly auxlou* to make as 
favorable an impre**»on as possible. There 
wa* something peculiarly wire and venerable 
in tire Little Chap s aspect ns Ire lay there 
upon tin* pillow. "What tremendous se- 
en C« that Little Chap muM know, mured 
bis father, ■' if be only chew- to divulge them 
—secret* of the tun ami the moon mid the 
great unknown from whence be come'" 

And rhua it hitpireiiesl that from the Itour 
of hi* arrival the Little ( hap tame to lie re- 
garded ue a person of tremendous conse- 
quence. It wits impn-s-i d upon him frt*m 
tile lime lie lay in lire cradle that lie was a 
boy. and that a boy was a superior kind of 
creature, who had nothing except certain ac- 
cidental point* of anatomy in common with 
girls, which latlrr specie* had ticcn wDt-ly 
created by lire Lord to wait upon him. lie 
was not very big before Amund. wlio could 
nut bear to lx- rejiunitetl from him, got into 
tbe hahit of takum him along when ire went 
out into the vnlley to do a job. There the 
Lillie Chap would sit proudly peri lled upon 
bis father* shoulder, bundlwt up In scurf*, 
nud with a fur cap that was much too lug for 
him pulled dow n over fiD car* lb* was not 
a lalkative child; but tlrere wna n slow and 
old - fashioned kind of gravity *l«»iit him 
which tirade everythin* Ire said infinitely 
droll. He took himrelf very seriously, null 
allowed no trifling with hi* dignity, lie 
took much Satisfaction in the thought that 
Ire was helping bis father: and Amund rath- 
er encouraged the idea, giving him a ham- 
mer with w hl' li Ire pounded nail- Into a piece 
of In will, ami 1vcasiiMi.1l ly mushed hD fingers. 
And all day long, while tlie carpenter work 
cd.wlretlrei in door* or out-of door*. *hs Lil- 
th- Chap bustled about him. sat in lire shav- 
ing* whittling sticks, or chipped the edge of 
the plane bv running it into (be beads of the 
nails, which be drove in wherever a convert, 
lent place pimented itself. Bui whatever 
mischief lie pui into whutrver tools Ac ruin- 
ed. Amund regarded it only as a fair price 
which he [will for bis company. And never 
oner- did he scold lire Little Chap, but grave- 
ly explained to him why he must not do such 
aud such thing*, as if lie had been a grown- 
up man And the 'Little Chap would ID- 
tn grovel} , with n quivering umlcrlip. ami 
wheii tbe kindly homily was at an end. Ire 
would lie very still, with his bend buried in 
tire shriving*, feeling terribly humiliated at 
lire thought of bis Uelinaurncy. The next 
day. wheu A uni nd started out, carrying Iii.h 
tools in a Dig on bis hack, the Lillie ( bap 
would meet him ut tin- dour, and with a du 
hiou* and anxiously expectant look would 
ask. 

“May I help you today, dad?" 

'■ Yea, l.iitie Chap, you (ball help me to- 
day," Amund would answer, heartily, as Ire 
lifted him up on lib should* t “ How- muld 
dad get alone without his Little Chap?" 

Many a time. too. w ben his comrade* whis- 
tled fur him under the window, ami he was 
sorely templed to accept the invitation to 
join in their games. the thought would occur 
to him (lint lii* dud im*xM hi* Irelp: mid 
gravely be would go tire door. and. with a 
droll sense of respond! ii I iiy.eXplaiu to them 
that Ire had to help his dad. 

Thu* wiult-r* passed, and summer*, until 
the fjttle Clrap wn* eight years old He ty r- 
atmi/rd over bis sisters, ns usual nud accept- 
ed their worship a* nothing but Id* due. 
He »« ti sore tnnl to hi* mother on uccrwuit 
of bi» MubborniMMa, und because ire wi»» sd 
hanl on his clothes.' But to hi* father lie 
was a Munch unit loyal friend. I could al 
mi*-t say an older friend, for he iiegan early 
hi feel a kirul of responsiliility for Amund. 
and a dr nl l kiud of protectorship. He made 
him go hark nud put on his coat when Ire 
Marled out in his shirt sleeves in chilly 
weather; Ire would send 1dm back to aiiavr. 
of n Sunday morning, when he proposed to 
go to church with a two days' beard; and lie 
would take hD dad* part at lire table when 
(ns sometimes Irappencd) tire mother would 
scold him or make unpleasant remark* im- 
plying dDre-tpect. 

Mother always think* that everybody 
cun do things licUrrtlian my dud." he would 
observe, in bis slow drawl, when bis dad hud 
been unlucky enough to arouse his wife's dis- 
pleasure. and straightway dad would feel 
n littki horny paw under the table grasping 
for bis own." That was his way of cxinaoRug 
hi* dad. 

He believed fully that hD dad wna tbe 
wheat, tbe cleverwt. and the he*l of men; 
and however unworthy lie might frcl him- 
relf. what comfort, w hat Imppiiress It was to 
tbw poor overworked carpenter to have one 
creature on earth who reposed this touching 
|y iiiiqiiesUooing trust ill him 1 Wliat ‘ my 
and "said, that wiu law, ami what "nr 
dad " did nn* ulw.*» * ailnilralih'. and thoiigh 
dud was cohocUhi* of many a failing. Tic 
would not for the life of bim have (he Little 
('hup suspect thrm He afrovc manfnlly to 
live up t-> lire Little Chap's idea of him. 
People Mill lie Spoiled tire bov; and tbe mo- 
tlrer, partimlnily. who wu* a trifle jealous 
of tl.i-ir intinmey. declared that it wu* time 
Hie Utile ('Imp was sent to «rJtooI.an*l learn 
rd somrlhiiig Iwsidr* whittling mid cutliug 
hi* fingei*. This 5 ‘cnie«l ki perfectly rational 
dial out of consideration for the Lillie l Imp, 
Amund was ut lost persuaded lo aend him 
to sclionl. It wit* of no u«e thnt the hoy 
Wept, ami declared that he wuitrd In t»e W itb 
hi* dad. How wa* hi* dnd lo get on with- 
out lii* help? What would become of dud 
if Ire did uoi look out lor him? This idea 


that Ire wa* helping dad liad Ix-corne to foot- 
ed lu hi* mind that he harped upon If rarlr 
and late, and grieved himself thill and pnw 
for fear that bD dad might come lo birm 
without him. 

Somehow, life was bo more the same to 
Amund, after his Ins* of tire Little ( imp* 
couipuuionship. Tlrere wn* no joy any more 
in lu* work ; and it seemed too that hi* luck 
Und deserted him. Once Ire ran u tile, the 
handle of which broke. Into lii* liaod, and 
another time he nearly split hi* kneepan 
with au aiire. Then be wits laid up for 
three weeks. Pro vision* ran very low la lire 
liotine. Kail, hD wife, begun to talk almut 
applying for help to the guardian* of the 
puce, it was then the plan matured In 
Amund a mind to cross Hie ocean nnd begin 
life over again in the New World, where a 
mao of hi* aklll certainly could nrevxnpIDli 
anrarthing more than to keep out of tlie 
poor bouse. 

Accordingly, though il nearly broke hi* 
limit to |mrt from lire Little Cltap, lie crossed 
Uic Atlantic, promising to -cud for tire fam- 
ily ns soon .** Ire irad founded a home Tor 
tiiern in tbe great West. He la-gged bard to 
lie allowed to take the Little Chap with him. 
hut Kati would not IDlen to Hint, because to 
hex tire Little Chap w** n kind of n pawn, a 
guarantee that her husband meant to keep 
hi* word, and send for her and the undesira- 
ble girls as soon ns his rircunraiance* war- 
ranted. Her conscieoce wa* not quite easy 
in regard to brr treatment of him. and she 
could afford to take no ehanrea. 

Amund arrived in Chicago at u time when 
skilled car|<eutera were starve and wage* 
high. There wa* a great deal of buildfog 
going on. ami Ire had no difficulty in obtain 
lug work. He w»* a tnx-ter in bra trade, 
thoroughly IwiDorable, frugal, and ludus 
Irioua. It b DM to lie denied, however, 
that life is a dreary affair to rare who loila 
ami toils from morning till night, nud whose 
*tnrved liratt crie* out every hour and miti- 
ule of lire day for one who Is far away. 
Where I* tire I.iitlc Chap now? What is the 
Little Chap doing now ? How does be look? 
Dh-s he care an much for hi* d*d as be did ; 
and is Ire n* eager as ever to belp Ills dad? 
'l'lirae were AmiiBd'a constant reflection* 
whenever a little respite from InDir affoidcd 
him a chance lo think Sitting with his 
dinner tnll. leaning against bD work bench. 
Ire would shut bin eyes and fumy he saw the 
Little Chap standing before him, wiHi hi* 
orlnjr little fin* in id* ntoM irauam,nad 
Ilia lousied yellow head a little oil one side 
a* he lookeif up into hi* dud * face aud said. 
" Ilow would you ever get on without »o, 
dad?" Or he would lose himrelf -in the 
thought of tire oft repented scene at the din- 
ner liihle, when the little rJrap stiwiri up fur 
hi* dnd so manfully, nnd tire little baud, with 
its sweetly (oniforting touch, stole into hi* 
under lire’ table. And Him the n-ur* would 
gather in his eves and roll sluwjy down his 
cheek*, leaving u grimy track like that of a 
rain-droo on a dusty window- j«uie 

"My Lilt hi Chap, my dear Little Chap," be 
would murmur, a* hr arote and relumed to 
his toil, " when shall I ever sec you again?" 

It was this burning heart hunger for bra 
hoy which made him turn every |*-;ii)y many 
times Wore he could persuade himself to 
spend it- He grew positively stingy, denying 
himself lire necessary food and rkuhrs, al- 
ways trying to do with a little lew. in the 
Impe of hastening the day when he diould 
I*' able to aetkd fur tire Little Chap He work 
ed surreptitiously after time in tinier to emra 
Mune extra pennies, and he got the reputa- 
tion among hi* fellmv-woi ktueu of being a 
mean, pniuriuaa skinflint, who boarded hi* 
wages with a view to becoming a Dim some 
day and lording it over them." Ifc whb so- 
ronlliigly exnadrcly utipipular. and ocly 
lurrccxlrd in eacawng* injury by keeping 
scrupulously out at every one's way, and ig- 
noring insults which made hi* blood boil. 
Feat less a* he was. and tr< mcndoiudy strong, 
h>- could have ground his nataliant* to pow- 
der, ami often itched in evrry nerve to show 
them the stuff Ire was made of. Bat Ural 
would lead i» difficulties nnd expense- and re- 
tard lire day of Hie Lillie Cliap a arrival. 

At the end of one year Around had saved 
t -Vh) from his wage*, but Ira ring no confidence 
iu Hie banks, he carried lire entire amount lu 
gold eagles iu a leather licit about his waist. 
The consciousness of carrying so much mo 
nry made him, however, very uneasy, and 
divlurUd lii* sleep Four or five times ev 
ery night Ire Marled up lu terror, having 
dreamed that his money wna stolen. It (ben 
occiimd to him that the only safe way to dis- 
pose of it would Ire in invest it in a ‘cottage 
ntul lot od tire west aide, when* land wiu 
yet cheap Land could not tun away, and a 
house ro*l even the most daring thief could 
steal Distt listing every one in this bewll- 
drringly strange land. In- wax in no haste to 
solicit ii'lvio- But OM day au advertise- 
ment in a S-aniliuavian jo|*-l caught Itis eye 
und set him Uiinking. It Tend as follows: 

•■TIIE Poor MAS S FRIEND. 

•‘The Pension Ron! estate Investment 
Company sell choice City Imt*. improved and 
unimproved, on the Instalment Plan. Weal 
8Me Property a Specially." 

Amund cut thD out. read it at least twenty 
times u day. nnd muled it lo 111* pocket for 
weeks, before he MiimuM'-nrd courage to call 
nt tire address designated. But hi* hoard 
kept increasing week by week, und his uux- 
k-ty grew apace Why should he not tall 


JANUARY 81, 1881. 


95 




upon tin Fetation Real - relate Investment 
Coni finny ? ll wa» (lie poor ninti'i friebd, 
(lie advertisement miiil, uud might offer him 
Maine good advice mb in (be l»»i way of no- 
nulling a borne in lire short e*l |Kju>ibli- lime; 
for be was growing cagerci every day ftu (In- 
sight of tbc l.itlU- Chap. A burning unrest 
puwwd him. » half nujwMilhius fear lout 
something should hup pen to prevent tbc ar- 
dently desired meeting 

Finally, one day in tbe early spring, lie 
railed upou the FnuJou Kenl relate Invent 
ti.eiii Company. He bad funded fl>ilu the 
advertisement somethin* very cumplicuU-d 
ami magnificent. arid was siuiK-nluit disap- 
pointed at living confronted with a sandy- 
Laired and very pimpled young man, wliu 
■nt in hbt shin sleeves in a scantily furnished 
biu'k office, chewing M trait li pirk. 

•*I* this — the— tie— offlra of the Fetislon 
Ural estate: Investment Com puny *" queried 
AiiiiiihI, respectfully. 

•' Ye«," i in’ young mail rejdW. taking Ids 

feel down from the table. " Wlml Can 1 do 

"T— I — should like to see the— -tin*— presi- 
dent of tbe compilin', If— if - yon would lie 
so very kind us to call him,' Aniund remark- 
ed, apologvticnlly. 

“I regret to sav tlie president is out of 
town at present, ” said lire plausible youth; 
“ but won t you sit down, plenary I 'think, 
perhaps. I ran give j on all l lie information 
you require; and I need not *ny I shall be 
rent bnppy if I can be of service to you." 

1'bere *•< something ui Insinuating hi tbc 
voung fellow s manner dial Around, though 
W liad resolved lo be very m minus. mem 
found himself talking freely with him 

Tim next dny the young mini— Farlcv was 
bis fiiune— dropped’ in upon him. by pure 
c-batM-e. it arrmerl, while lie was having li is 

ikmmi test; mid they became better acquaint' 

«l. The following Similar they met itguin 
uud Farley took Aniund about in a buggy, 
and showed him ull the property be bud tor 
sule ob 1 be west side. He invited him to 
lunch with bun in Iiih little cottage on 'Ve-t 
Indiana Street, where lie was living; luni the 
Uptbotof many interviews ami conversation* 
was that he offered In sell llii* milage, with 
lot. to Aeniind for $£<MI0. |Hwsre“lun lo lie 
grunted when $I 2 <MI had Is-eu paid, nnd a 
mortgage lo lie given fur the rctnaiuiug 
amount ]l neeroed nil so jierfretly fair and 
vjuurellral Amiiod. after having got the prim 
down (o tIHOU nrnl Use furniture thrown in. 
bad no hesitation in during the bargain. He 
(mid over to Furlcy ttic |a<x.i which In* had 
thru accumulated, nnd revet red an aokirow- 
Ivdgineiit of Use amount frotn him. with 
promise of deed on |Kiymrnt of 8400 more. 

Then be picked out’ the room which was 
In belong to tlie Little Chap (the gills might 
lake what was brill, nnd nil day lung, during 
Isis work, bvlmmuivd lo himself nr broke into 
suntches of unnit-lodiou* snog nt Ibe thought 
of Ibe Little Chap's pleasure in that toutn.iiad 
tbc furniture which be would make with bis 
own bands for llie Lillie Chap's comfort. 
He worked with H will now ami would scarce- 
ly grant himself time fur sleep; for every 
blow with his hammer and every whir of his 
saw brought the Little Chap Bearer. 

Tlien a not In r year ]Miwsl. Month by 
month Annual handed over bis savings to 
Farley, who pocketed tl*cm In a mol. bwi- 
Desslikc manner; and ul last, when llie f I2IH) 
lind been Mid. lie kept bis word, uud gave 
a dresl of the property to tli<* carpenter, Joy- 
ously liven A mural w rote in his wifr, telling 
Iter to make ito delay In coming. Tor lit had 
now a home of his own in which to receive 
her and tbe cbllclrcn. And it vras all for 
nulled, and there was a srpnrnte room for 
tbe Little Chap— God bless him! — where be 
could keep all Ills funny little traps, so that 
Lbs sisters wouldn't niiuoy him. Much lie 
wrote in this strato, for Ill’s heart was over- 
brimming with Joy. and life w-emril brighter 
and mom beautiful to bim than ever before. 
Tbe only tiling thnt trust bled liim n little was 
the Tact that tbe family who lived in the home 
bad not yet moved out Rut FWrj ex- 
plained that tlitir lease did not expire until 
April 1st, and thru in lit* nn-tu while he would 
b»Ve to be pal teal. On April 2> I they would 
begone. ami ttim hi* could take power* km. 

I shall mil attcmgit In describe the meeting 
between tlx* l.lllle Chap and Ids dad. It was 
lust tbe id of April wbru llie family arrived 
in Cbii-ago, ami wen* pul, like so unit It bag' 
gage, into an exjwe** wagon ami driven to 
West Indiana Hired. Aniund mu up tile 
front wiili llie Little Chap in Ids antis to 
show off his collage; and tlsi wifr and the 
five girls. nil Immtled tip with snirf« and ker- 
chiefs llliill they looked like walking hay 
stacks, « Tumbled out (if the wagon iis licsl 
Uwy could Farley I utd plumbed to be there 
witu the keys, and formally pul the new awn- 
rr in possesfiiut. It suaynl Aniund ii good 
deal when his first and second ring at the 
door - bell remained unanswered. uml still 
more annoyed was be wl*cn. at tbe third, a 
iuud who Inid nut the least rr*rtnli!nnrr to 
Farley opened the door and asked him. In 
laligisaj^e more vigorous titan polite. wlml lie 

‘‘l — I have taught till* house." Amnml 
said, with an mr of right eon* indignation, 
"and I was told by Mr Fnib-y that you were 
to move out <wi the ]U of April.'' 

The occupant of tin- Itnute smiM mi ex- 
tremely unpleasant smile, mid a*kt*L coldly . 
" Whom did toil Uuv It nt?” 

-Mr Farley." 

" That is a great pity, fur lie never owned 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


" But where is be? H» promised me the 
key* lait night. ~ 

"He has jnot West." 

“flcH WeatT” An Icy terror clutched at 
the Norsemnu'* limit and he reeled tack- 
wanl II* If li« luni Iss n struck. ** Good Grid!” 
he groaned. Mukinc down upon the topmost 
Step. — Quod God !” 

'file Little t hap, seeing hi* distress, wound 
Ida iirtus tightly about bis neck and rubbed 
hi* cheek against hi* face, He ant thus for 
five or ten mluules, while tbe live blond 
bundlrd-up girl* mood <m the aide walk star- 
ing til him willi innocent Itupulitv. Then 
tiic man of the Innnw leHppoare-l.ajnl ordeted 
them in harsh language to move on. And 
when tltey only eoutlniiL'd to sturc In uu< 
oainpreOmdiag womii-r, two police men were 
scut for, and the whole family were huddled 
into a patrol wagon and driven tu the n«wii*ut 
jiolict- station. There Afnunil. under tl*e 
sirens of answering tlie n*qtiir«sl qiiesiiiHis. 
was aroused suffit- -u-tiiiy from hi* dumb nine 
cry to send Tor II Norwegian lawyer, wbo 
pr«aently made his itpfs-kmiKT lfe listened 
to the car|>r liter'* story, uud then ulitiok his 
bend mournfully. 

" You have been swindled, tnr friend, 1 ' be 
Mid "You ought to itave been itiun <au- 

" But— but. lawyer,' 'tbe poor fellow went 
on. garing into bi» face nidi an iiuguidietl 
cafat'laucy. " lie— be— sold me — tbe Ikxibc — 
and here I've got tbc papers. Jfa all right, 
nrely. Ain't it, lawyer?" 

Tl»e lawyer looktsl ut Utc jiaps-r which 
was handed bim, and then dropped it ron- 
It'tnptuously on the floor. 

" A very clumsy forgery," be said. 

" Blit— Imt— lie’ oouMttl surely sell me— 
what— wind didn't Ik long to him. lawyer ?" 

" Yes, he could, if any one was fool enough 

•' Hut. lawyer— I my, lawyer — do you me* □ 
to *ny iMjw. lhol— that I have worked and 
slavn) nigh on to three year*, and often 
starved and skimped myself for (be Little 
Chaps sake — do you mean to»y that— that 
man is to have it, and nut my l.iltle Chap?" 

fbads of cold per- pi rat ion hurst out upon 
bis lirow. and the |iaiard wonder and stuniM*l 
U-wlklvr iiK-iit in bis face were pitiful to be- 
hold. Ill* slow wit* could not yet grosjuhe *it- 
ijiii icit. iincl be was obviously hoping ncuinst 
bopu that tbere wna »<imc tcrrilito inisuntlt-r- 
cJ; lading nt (be bottom of it all, uud that 
sooner nr later it wmild Iw denied up. 

Tbe lawyer bad in all hi* practice never 
CMoniHmd so lt«ul tending a rose. He 
weig beil bis word* well liefore he answered, 
".'(y iltar friend, you Itave paid dearly for 
your llol cxperiejicc in the New World,” 

AitiiitMl, Inking in sJowlv the Ixtiriiig* of 
tills retnatk. stood staring before him with a 
vu/.noi look of dawning terror; then treni- 
Uingly he mised bis hand* towaid tbu wril- 
ing.aud cried, with a frightful energy, " Hut, 
God, what are you doing up there iu hea- 
ven when such thing* can lmp|<-n upon the 
earth?'' 

There was nhn*h m of death in theftallon- 
room In the prewmee of mi moiutrou* a 
wrung every one sir««l helpless, and a lltlle 
awed After the terrible explosion of ilrupwir 
Ainund s bend tlrooptsl upon hi* hretwl. bli 
knees lettered, and he fell in u heap upon tbe 
floor. 

The Link Clinp, who had «4o«l with hi* 
hands in his pockets, a puzzled frown U|Hiu 
hi* face, durlag lid* strange scene, grew sud- 
denly alarmed a* bis fat Iter Tell, lie strove 
bravely todi'guite Ida ilitim*. which he held 
to Is- umnHDly, hut bis lip* quivetvri, and Id* 
eyea were lull of team. 

“ Dad." lu- said, stooping over tbc pros- 
trate form of bis father with n touching air 
of Juviog protectorship — " IHd, I wouldn't 
lake on so if I were you.” lie waited aax- 
kwtly for a reapmwe, and when ikhil* came, 
In- continued, in a soothingly Comforting tow ; 
'' Had. ib-ar dud, duu't you Worry. I'll help 
you, dad." 

Tbe street old well - remembered phrase 
is nctratud through the stricken man's uumh 
lethargy of despair, lie raised bim*elf sud- 
denly on Id* knees, timed wttb a wakening 
wonder nt Ibe cltild; tlicn, closing him ill liis 
ami.*, Ik- hurst into tears. 

“ Yes, my UtHfChup. 'li* cried. ■' you tr*£f 
help mi' At^l rnay God forgive me fur de- 
S|«ltlng as long s«| have you’" 

And l«- arrm- with tbe I.tltle Clmp in bis 
nrtn*, aud the two be gnu bravely tbe battle 
of Ufa anew. 


KING KALAKAUA OF HAWAII. 

The King of tbe Hawaiian Mural* died in 
San Francisco iluritig the aftermeoi of ,Ihuu- 
ii rv ratli. He lun! ourra- to California in 
*i iircltof healili. but even tbiil lmlmy cliumle 
was trot suffieimt to counteract tbc d*»tlly 
dbenw* (nun which ha suffen-d. A* tl*e 
sovereign of a «mnl| kinevlotn nlnioM la tits* 
middle of tbe 1‘aritlc Oeenn. and the chief of 
a wry lindt'sl numis-r of ptsifib-. Ite has laid 
paid to bim daring hi« reign of seventeen 
venrs ranch more attention frran tlie world 
Than i* usually la-slowtsl U(tDfi men «hn ex- 
ert even a much more Important infliienre 
upon affair* than be- ever did. The position 
of tbe Hawaiian Island*— SUN) mile* from 
Han Francisco, and tbe only stopping pluce 
between America and China. Jajmai and Aus- 
tralia In the north Fneific— gave lii» kingdom 
u gi-ogruphk'al im|iortunce of much DMgui- 
tude, if It wo* of advantage to lire shipping 
tnU-rtxtt of all couulrie* having u large coni- 


merv* 1 iu the western rv-enn that there should 
be n stable and a friendly govern incut iu Ha- 
waii. This interest has'ls-cn also kept aim- 
by tbe fact llrat tbe King and his family hare 
lss.-n jwrtty constantly •>. tiiiUuf*. non lltcv 
have taken more extensive journey* front 
home limit ruling monarch* lisve btv-n in the 
linlnt of ili-io^r. 

Tlie dead King was Itom la Honolulu fifty, 
four years ago, and tln-re are storn-s about 
tbe coiitontluu* Iu hi* family at hi* hirth 
which rend more like a fairy tale than of ac- 
tual happenings in Ibe niiu-trcntli century, 
even among a people to n bom rivilirjilimi 
wns new aud siincmlition not entirely a thing 
of the past, lie wa* of roval deseenl. bis 
father bring the High Chief Knhiillil KnptUI 
kea. aud liU mother lire High Chirfess An 
alen Keofankatoie. It is nelnlt*.] chat, accord 
lug to an ancient Hawaiian custom, tbc child 


was to have b>* n nd opted l»v a relative, tbe 
High CblefeM Lilitin, but nnrabet cliirfew 
decidisl to frustrate this lutenibm, ami Mlopt 
llie child herself. When Ibe bath uf i In- 
child was expected, llaaheu Knuiu went to 
tin* bouse of (lie parent*, and walling llie 
event. t«wk Utc child away to her honw' 
which, when KuUkaua brculiH KIiil-. via* 
one nf lire royal rcMdeucni. 1 .11 ilia, though 
gvently disapjwiinlisl, mil took an iutemim 
the child, and being skilled iu nstrological 
arts, »hc drew his hnriempe, and dec lurid 
that, "From (hi* cliihl the hoar* of our fore- 
father* will have life.” 

Tile Hawaiian language wo* lint reduced 
in written eliamcleiw until IU2U, forty -two 
Venrs after Ibe isbtnii* had been discovered 
by Captain Cook, who named tbem the 
Ssnilnieh Islands, in honor of llie Karl of 
iSaodwk'h, l lieu the first Lon! of the Brat- 



VOLUME XX^'So. 17*0. 


!M> 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 




TIIB LATB KINO KALAKAl’A OF HAWAII 


PUNCH* LtLINOKALANA. 


toll [Vmril of Admirally. When. however. 
K.iliikium was four veare old school* bnd 
Irt-en e-lablir-lrcil in tile Ulanil*. uni] hi* edu- 
cation w*» begun. lie new became a brill- 
iant M-bnlnr. but be Irnmcd enough of *rr- 
rral language* — English. French. German, 
and Purt'igueso — to grt along when away 
from homo. When he w as fourteen hb mill 
I nrr education begun under Captain Punk.nn 
old Prussian officer. The Prussian artnv ays- 
tent was greatly in I mi red by him, and in later 
Tears In- translated the Prussian tactics into 
Li< (i»o language for the uw of lib troops. 
Of tbb aciucrcmcnt be was always very 
proud. 

I II IHS3 lie enteTixl the army of Ziti men as 
n Lieutenant, ami his active career began. 
I rider tin- Instruction of Mr. Harris, an A trier 
iran. who afterward been me Chief Justice of 
the kingdom, be studied Uw and wan ndmit- 
tnl to the lair. When Libolibo became King 
lie uiim placed upon the royal stuff, anil in 
tXMl inmle u member of the Privy Council 
of Slate, while two years later he ana called 
to the House of Noble*. About this lime be 
also joined the Masonic fraternity. In whirh 
he took an ardent interest. In this older, in 
1874. he at rained the thirty third degree 

Front 18M to 1874. wlwu Kalukaua isreame 
King, he was continuously in some hranrh of 
the public service. Hr had been n secretary 
to llie Department of the Interior. Postmns- 
ter Ouperal. Chamlicrlain to Ike King, and 11 
clerk in the Laud - office with a salary of 
$ljtN) a year. He was in this humble posi. 
lion when Lunalilo died without issue nnd 
without having mimed his successor, and 
Knlukaun was chosen sovereign over Queeu 
F.mnva the widow of Lunalilo. Two veurs 
previously Knlukaun hud been a candidate 
against Lunalilo. but was defeated. Now 
he was not permitted to begin his reign peace- 
fully. as the adlrerenta of Queen Kmmn man- 
ifested a disposition to contest the matter in 
the field. Recognition from the Kngliali. 
however, put a slop to tire rebellion, nnd 
Kidnkaiin liaa reigned without tlislurhnncc 
until n few years ago. when the property 
owners concluded that the government must 
l<e reformed, or they submit to a virtual eon- 
ttscatiou of tltelr property 

In 187ft the King nunc to this country. 
He Imvelled extensively through the Males, 
and was received everywhere with royal 
honors. S|wchilly wag this tbc esse in 
Washington, where General Grant ln-ut»d 
the island King with most marked and dis- 
tinguished attention. While here Ire ar- 
ranged u commercial treaty with I ho United 
States. Five years Inter he started out on a 
trip around lli’u world, going westward, ami 
flr-t visiting .Tnpon Here be also arranged 
n eomniercinl treaty, and this »v tire only 
stroke of hm-iness arrnm|i)i>hi-d during the 
lour. Hut he was received willi gnat hon- 
ors wherever he went and was particularly 
struck mid idt-msd by tire ceremonies and 
pageantry of slate reception* at lire Kuro- 
pnin courts Wbeu be went aim <jhI It was 
w i'll the laudable purpoae of burning from 
tire older rivili/alioUH leaaong which would 
improve hi* own people. About the only 
thing lie seemed to learn by In-art was to 
imitate the extravagant luxury of tire ruling 
house* of Kurope When lie returned to 
lliiwnil he arranged nil elsliornle <<iroanlion 
ceremony, and alomM bankrupted Ills |*-mJo 
to |iiiy tire cost, lie then built himself a 
piilin «- ill a ro»l of f&iO.QOO. and when bo 
wa» fifty yearn old Ire aprtit 1*5,000 to cele- 
brate hi* hinitday. Shortly after ire con 
ducted the funeral of a relative with such 
grand ceremonies that the affair cost fflO.IMXl. 
These extravagniH-o» had to he paid for by a 
population which did not exceed 00,000 per 
son*. Tbc King had no private fortune, and 
all of his expenses wen- paid directly from 


tire treasury of the kingdom or from Ioann 
for which the kingdom is responsible. 

When the Mormons thought of leaving 
tire United States they sent an agent named 
Gibson to the Sandwich Islands to buy prop- 
erly and arrange for them a new borne if it 
became m-crunry for them to h-avu Utah. 
<} ill-red bns staid in Hawaii ever since. Dur- 
ing the 1 1 me of Knlnkauas period of greatest 
fully, this man Gibwon was his chief adviser. 
Hut such an era of extravagance could not 
lost. It was impassible to borrow any more 
money, and the tax-payers were burdened to 
the verge of confiscation. Sugar growiug 
and making is the principal busiiwwa interest 
of the islands, and Claus Spreckt-U. of Cali- 
fornia, almost monopolised this industry. 
He lent, it is said, fKW.OOO to Kalaknua, but 
in the King s dialrewa at this lime refused to 
increase the loan. Then Knlnkaun* wife, 
QtKvru Kupkduii, and hb sister. Princess 
Lilinokalana. went to England ostensibly to 
attend tire Jubilee celebration of Queen Vic- 
toria. Tire real mission, however, was to 
arrange for a loan which would enable the 
King to continue Ids reckless course. Dur- 
ing the Jubilee celebration these women from 
tire Sandwich Islands were not treated with 
the distinguished consideration thrv had ex- 
pected they would receive, and among the 


Kings and Queen* of really great countries 
llrey ext* rather a sorry figure. Before they 
had had a dunce to do any thing about the 
real business that had taken them to London, 
new* arrived that a rebellion bad broken out. 
Hie Gibson ministry had been overthrown, 
and tire King had been compelled to grant a 
constitution establishing uiinblerial respon- 
sibility and limiting hi* own prerogative. 
Tbc Queen and Princess left England hur- 
riedly. and passing through this country re- 
turned home. 

The new form of government was not r*t- 
isfactory to every body in tbc islands, and the 
ucw ministry, at the head of which was Wil- 
liam L Green, an American planter, wm par- 
ticularly obnoxious to tire British residents 
nnd to the British capitalist* who had sub- 
scribed to tbe $10, 000.000 loan Kalskaua hud 
some lime before persuaded them to make. 
Mr. Green and hb associates modified their 
{mentions in the fnor of the opposition, and 
after a while got the new administration into 
smooth working order. 

Kalakaun hod a fine and Commanding form, 
and was most amiable in disposition lie 
wns fond of nil kind* of amusements, and t* 
said to have had a passion for tbc game of 
poker. Those who saw him at home or met 
him during his travels are inclined to make 



BKNATUIl OEUKUE U. VEST, or MIBBOt IlL-Paon * Poorwiiara st Bux, Waauumvoa. 
(saa P*a* m) 


great allowances for tire aliorto^ngaiihiek 
brought such serious trouble npou him and 
his people during the past few .Veare. These 
friend* say that in forming any judgment of 
the man. it must be taken into cvinslderaliou 
that he and his people are only Iwo or three 
generations removed from barbarian 

Kalakaun had no children He named aa 
hia successor Lius sister, tile Prinrew l.ilinnka- 
lano.tbe wife of Jolin O Domini*. a native 
of Boston, hmr resident in Honolulu. When 
the King left Hawaii, the Princess was mode 
Vico- Regent, and *hr will he crowned Queen 
if llie people do not conclude to have a re- 
"e. which is not unlikely. She U a fine- 
ng woman of middle age. and is said to 
lie sensible and of good Intention- When 
she appeared in London in 1887 die was 
quite stylish. and dressed according to the 
best Parisian mode. 

When Captain Cook discovered llie Ha- 
waiian Itlnnd in 1778 he estimated tire na- 
tives at 400,00(1. In 1888 the American mi*, 
aioaaries estimated tbc population at 148.000 
In 1878 the population had decreased to #8.- 
000, so that the native* seem to be rapidly 
dying off. Ttie natives belong to tbc Mu- 
layo -Polynesian race, Tlieir hair is black 
and usually straight, though sometimes it 
waves s little, and their complexion * reddUli 
brown, which shine* like burnidied copper. 
The people generally arc of small stature, 
but tl>« men and wu’meu of the ruling cliim 
arc usually large. Jxo. Gilmer SrfcED. 


DISORDERS WHICH AFFECT THE KIDNEYS 

Are among Jbe mini formldiMe knows. Dlabeieo, 

urinary ilrfsn* ore but ordinarily com! la aevrev 
rarew bat Ibey m»y be averted by tlaacly mciUeaSlno 
A a ratal rdinalsat of lb* artuuy glands hat ever 
beau baud la HotlaUt* • Mnrnarh Bluer*, a rnedl- 
cine wblok not only tinrdt tbe rw|«blte ■liniulu* 
when ttivy become lixcitic. but liinrmr thalr sigut 
aid peerrelre power. By Intreatltg tbe activliy uf 
lire kidney* sad bladder. tMt mrdklae bat I be nidi- 
Uuual rSrrt <A expelling Inn the blood Impurities 
which It It Ibe peculiar idk* uf Ukm organ* t.i Hlm- 
loate aid ptta uB. The Kites* I* al*o a puHSwr and 
Krengrhrner of Ibe bowel*. an lavla-eaiit uflbettum- 
acb, aad » mMcklee* remedy foe bdlomaew and fcvef 
and Ifoa It motienri* a tendency to pmatlare 
decay, and astlalua aad rumtacta lb* afed and Hi Oran 
-Udt.J 


WHS WINSbOWB BOOT 11 1 NO BTHl'P 
bta bees aeed for over flfly yean by ailltlunt <4 
mothars fur ibalr rhlldr.- * hit* lerthinx. with |>nfect 
tocceat. Il toolhet IbecbOd.ndlna IX* irom». allay, 
all train, caret wind rs.Hr. and It Ibe heec remedy fac 
itlarrlinw. Bold by d rtu Itlt lu erety pan uf tbe 
erorid. Trrtaty-ftt* reaU a buCUt.— Idde.) 


" BROWN'S IIItONCIII A I. TROCHKB.” 

Foa Bronrhttl, A«-hmtilr, and Putmontry Com. 
plalliia “Baowata BanaourtL Tt’orn" Inn* re- 
markable curative pmp-rtlr*. SSc. a box. — [ddr.] 



BHOWNB HOVSBIIOLD PANACEA, 


DLL LYON’S 1‘BHPBtT TOOTH POWDEK. 
Wbluaa Ur* laetb tad putide* tba br nib. SBC.— |dd*.| 


Aauoan-as Birttaa Is knows all over the woetd 
at Ibe treat regulator of Ibe d>i*vtlve octant. — (Ad*.) 


T8B BROWN'S CAMPHORATED BAPONACIOCS 
DENTIFRICE tor tbe TEETH DKLK'IUCa. Oc. 
— (dtfm.) 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 

ADMtTIUSa RATES: 

TMt Cover I'tge.iwr llwt.atrb Uuertlun. f) It 

Back Cover I’K*. per lure. laaertlou J 10 

Becnod Oeeer Pace, par Boa. aacb iDMTtlra. .. IM 

Third Cover Pie* |icr Hue, each Intenloo . .. f P0 

Bpwcial IterrdlUB NoClrea.per Use, ench inrertluu. t R> 
CtaaM rxsreda.v at » AM. 

Dbcnoat— uo • laeerttnn*, wltbla ihm yaar, nf tba 

mm* »p*r* tot 

■ " II Inerttbin*. wilktu one yasr.of ttan 

■taa* rj*a ......... 15* 

■ M M Inteetlmi*. vnlblu un» year, of tbe 

aura e|wrs. tit 

- " n I u*e rl inn*, wltbla uo* year, uf Ui* 


■ “ UO line*. UN. SOO hum, Ut —7t9 Han 

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HARPERS PERIODICALS. 

Pin Tkxk: 

HAHPEirs JtAOAFtNE. .. — ..ftttupt Fin, >4 0* 

II A ltPERB WEEKLY “ * M 

HAIITBU'S HAZAK “ « » 

UAUTKE B TOIJNtl PEOPI-B . . “ I OS 

Hmkmtu r, and Pmtmaairil aawtllp rwvtrr m/meny- 
HM. uSaretjrftoiu maj Stmt to It* puWioAer. rh.nAf 
U areemyoafed by fbebojlr* Eoaty Order nr Draft. 

HARPER A BROTHERS, Nxw Ytmx. 


Digitized by Goog 




KING GARBAGE REIGNS. — [See Page 102.] 






98 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. mi. 


Smalley’s Letters. 


LONDON LETTERS, AND SOME 
OTHERS. By Gkow.e W. Smalley, London 
Correspondent of the New Vork Tribune. Vol. I. 
Personalities — Two Midlothian Campaigns. Vol. 
II. Notes on Social Life — Notes on Parliament 
— Pageants — Miscellanies. 2 volumes. 8vo, 
Cloth, Uncut Krlgcs and Gilt Tops, S6 00 . 

Pur 1 hr imi'l pin M(. -vmallrjr trlL <i( Engli-di life ami Eng- 
likh public mei>, slid vi hal he has to (ell a toM in Hie l*u man- 
ari of what Mdlht* ArimW used (•» tall (he " New Juurnat- 
iMK." . . . He hat a keen eye for (lie valient points nf character 
and individuality, a vivid way of preventing girtt an. I 

memorable OCOftvionw and a niitr iic<(iiain(arue with English 
social life, its ways ami it* personalities. — /Seu,f.m Timri. 

Will ta read with klilrreM and pIcaMirc by evenliody into 
whose hands they fall. Mr. Smalley it a keen observer of Eng- 
lish life, on Ui social at well as itspatilimt tide. — .V V . HrruU, 

Mr. tinnije W. Smalley it a i*.wer in journalism No letters 
written from England before his day. and no letter, written 
suite, hate been mi«|ar*l>lc to hU ill dignity of style or author- 
ity of information lie hat sources of news at His command 
that are cLiscd to other ciwmpoiMlMfH ; raalted |<ertoaagc'. 
break his bread and eat his salt, ami checi fully confide to him 
their secrets and amain of gmernmenl — PkiUultlfki.i Pirn. 

Auy one into whose hands these l-olnmet may fall, if he but 
open them. it sure to (•rewm* a readti. Me will alight on toiue 
passage which compels the |*tu«tl of at teasl tiro or three pages. 
After that he is no Umget n free agent . — Chngtw /frniM. 


r*r ,iK-.v w»r> ri/w **lr Jy tt/T hrttrUrv*. tsilV A lent ty lit 1*1.'. ib- 
<•1. f**i*tt f*tf*tJ. m is/ f.%n rf iki L'm i tJ Stxui, 4 «iu w Jit. 

tn rtittfi r/lit /tr.t 

Plblished by HARPER & BROTHERS, N. V. 


nn opponent of the one. lie may equally decline to we 
an opponent of the oilier. 1 1 i.% in fact, the extinc- 
tion of the minority, and delmtc ltceome* a proceed 
inir simply tolerated by the majority. 

We do not deny the difficulty. We agree that the 
minority cannot he suffered to preveut the action of 
the majority. That is quite a* revolutionary a* the 
other proceeding. The only remedy ib the adoption 
nf some form of the previous question by common 
eminent, upon conditions obviously fair, and at a time 
when no party measure is pending, anil the subject 
can be considered solely in the interest of legislative 
hiiMhcM. The attempt to accomplish it under exist 
lug circumstance* was detqwraie. Wltether it has 
been foiled cannot yet be determined, The object 
sought by the ALDRICH bill, like that ofJhe Iajihsk 
bill, is a perfectly good one, Everybody will agree 
that the minority must nut filially obstruct the Motion 
of the responsible majority, and that elections should 
be honest. Tli esc truths arc not denied. But it does 
not follow that to accomplish such good objects, 
right*, traditions, customs, and circ it instance* should 
all be disregarded. Statesmanship is the common- 
reuse which considers them all. The argument for 
the election bill has been in substance that negroes 
are entitled to vote, that in some place* they are prac- 
tically deprived of the right, that the consequence* 
arc most injurious, and that something ought to be 
done. As a statement that is true. But the vital 
question is whether Congressional legislation can do 
it. whether it must not Is? done by forces of another 
kind than legislation cun command. No advocate 
of (lie bill, so far as we have seen, has yet answered 
fairly the question which has been often asked, " Dr. 
you believe it would affect the actual vote 1" 


private enterprise and expense are alone able to enpn 
with omnipresent and ail couquering and confound' 
ing Dirt. Dirt ha* brought the proud metropolis to 
shame As Queen ElJZABRTH i* said to have hurled 
foul scorn at Parma and at Spain. Dirt heaps tilth u|*.u 
the city that pro|K>«cs to outdo the world. Has jsqni 
lar government failed at this ridiculous point? Arc 
republican institutions unable to keep city street* 
clean: Are etFete despotism* to be suffered to sit 

comfortably in cleanly capitals and chuckle at de- 
mocracy mired in its own incapacity? Whatever the 
ignoble spell, is it fatal? Can we. who abolished 
slavery, not clean city streets? 

T11K WOES OF THE WORLD’S FAIR. 

AX unhappy fate pursues the World’s Fair. There 
was the long contest between New York and Chica- 
go. which aroused disagreeable feeling. Then there 
was the questiou of time and the wisdom of post 
ponement. Then the prolonged difficulties of select- 
ing a site. Then the question of the kind and degree 
of national responsibility. Then the doubt whether 
countrie.s Ui whose industries our high tariff waa in- 
hospitable would care to exhibit their product* in a 
country which piorlaimrd that it didn't want them. 
And now the force bill stops the Fair. It i* droll 
that while we propose to hold a great industrial ex- 
hibition to celebrate America and its discoverer, at 
wliirli we should insist that our politics arc our chief 
and beneficent production, it is our politics which 
threaten it with disusler. In New York, before Con- 
gress had acted, the controversy had become a com' 
ical row over patronage and the control of the Pre- 
sidential election, in which Tammany Hall and Mr, 
PlaTT were the lenders, and which culminated in 
the never-to-be-sufficiently -celebrated meeting at the 
Cooper Union, over the report .of which strong men 
arc supposed to have wept with inextinguishable 
laughter. 

It was a very remarkable comedy, the degeneration 
of a solemn international scheme of a World's Fair 
commemorative of CoLTXBtrs and the discovery of 
America into a squabble over potential patronage 
But it is no less comical that it should now be 
regunled a* a party enterprise, and the participa- 
tion in it of Stales of live Union be made dependent 
on the defeat nf a political bill |iemling in Con 
gre«B. Some Legislatures, in Southern States, and 
those of Illinois, Indiana, New York, and probably 
of other Stales, when this paper is issued, have re- 
solved and are resolving not to appropriate money 
for the purposes of the Fair if the election bill should 
pis* But where shall the line of such legislation lie 
drawn f The argument is in substance, not in form, 
that the Fair is a Republican enterprise, and as the 
Republican party iu Congress is trying to paaa a sec- 
tional bill subversive of State rights, therefore no 
money shall be granted for the Fair. Tite principle 
of such action is that if n proposed appropriation for 
the most absolutely national and Non-partisan pur- 
pose will probably prove of benefit to a party, the op- 
position party may properly defeat it. This would 
lead to queer results. If it were proposed that the 
State of New York should decorate ita new Capitol 
with u statue of Governor JoHV Jay, one of it* moat 
illustrious sons and statesmen, it might be objected 
in a Democratic Legislature that JoHX Jay \vb* u 
Federal leader, and that the honor to him would ex- 
nll the old Federal parly, of which the modern Re- 
publican was held to he in sympathy the descendant. 

6? we 1 1 talk would lie almurd, but not more n turned 
than to refuse to countenance and aid the World’s 
Fair because it* executive administration is lurgvly 
Republican. and the Republicans are trying to pass a 
force bill. It is certainly proper for intelligent citi- 
zens and parlies and clubs to endeavor by argument 
and appeal and petition to influence Congressional 
legislation. Bui it U not legitimate influence when 
a party majority in a State Legislature* refuses appro- 
priations for patriotic and national objects in order 
to spite parly opponent*. All such common objects 
intrusted to individual direction in a country of par- 
tv government will, of course, be committed to per- 
sons who in the determination of political questions 
arc partisans. But n Fair of this kind is not a polit- 
ical enterprise, aud if political patronage affects its 
selection of wuN'hmen and guards aud porters and 
messengers to a degree which justifies such action as 
is now proposed, it is because our system of party 
politics has destroyed bur capacity of patriotic nr 
lion If such conduct were legitimate politico, it 
would be the strongest possible commentary on 
W AHIlIXt (TON h warning against the perils of party 
spirit. As party tactics such a course is folly. In 
every Legislature where such resolutions as those of 
which we speak were introduced they would have 
merely inflamed party feeling, and mem bent who 
were not disposed in the particular measure of the 
force hill to go with their j»arty. would have fallen 
into line at the tap of the party drum, aud thus the 
action would have amured throughout the country a 
parly support for the force hill which did not exist 
ft would, in fuel, have accelerated the puxuige of the 
hill. Meanwhile the force hill scents to have been 
disposed of But the moral remains. 


No. 1781. 

Harpers Weekly, 

with coyer. and scrrtJusKST <«jminixu 
Korean or tr tw*xtt.foc*t* »s.vni, 

INHIBITION OF TUB AMKRIt'lX WATKN COLON 

iw i a nr 


TKItMS: IK (KXTN 4 (OrT.-tlM A IRAK, IN ABVASfr.. 

Mtot/Vwu n**f hrytn n«f\ any Awnb tr. 


CLOSURF. IN THE SENATE. 

T HE course of the election bill was again suddenly 
arrested by the success of a motion to consider 
the apportionment bill. The whole contest, a* we 
said last week, has Iteeti a test of the parliamentary 
quickness of party leader* on Ik till *ide». in which the 
honors apparently go to Mr Uormax. the Democratic 
chief. A* wo write, the election bill has been set 
aside, but if there are really votes enough to pas* it, 
they can be summoned to set aside the apportionment 
bill and restore the ALDRICH bill for "closure," on 
demand of the previous question. The situation re- 
veals only more strongly the want of united party 
support of the bill in the Senate, and the total absence 
of any popular approval. There was perhaps never 
si measure urged as a distinctive party m ensure w hich 
hod |rs* ardent aud general party support Many of 
the speeches in the Senate, much of the rcjtnrted com 
nicut of the party Irudera. anti the treatment of the 
party press, have been purely perfunctory. They have 
had a tone of formal acquiescence, but not of strong 
conviction. The only earnest and forcible feeling 
upon the subject seemed to lx* that of the opposition, 
and iu this condition the final passage of Lhe bill 
would seem to be highly improbable. 

The feeling of hostility is undoubtedly strength' 
ened by the proposed closure bill. The general argu- 
ment for some form of the previous question in the 
Senate, however sound in itself, has iIiub far over- 
looked entirely the fact that this particular closure hill 
does not assume that the transact ion of business in 
the Senate demand* such a rule, but that it i* required 
by the exigencies of a party in trying to pass a bill 
which the party doc* not unitedly favor. If it were 
demonstrated tiiat the necessity exists, it is of a kind 
which demands a general rule, a* in tins House of 
Representative* or the House of Common*, not a 
ti-ni|H>rary arrangement. There i* another consid- 
eration which seem* to have lieen overlooked The 
present rule* provide no method of ending dclwle. 
It is practically endless, mi long as any Senator wish 
es to apeak, except by a contest of physical eudur 
mice. Of course, therefore, there is no rule by which 
debate of the demure scheme can I*- closed. It is 
understood, therefore, that this can lie accomplished 
only by a violation by the presiding officer of the 
Senatorial freedom of speech. He nitlhl refuse to 
recognize an opponent of the hill, and decide |K»int* 
of order against unquestionable right. This is in 
effect revolutionary, and if justifiable a* the will of 
the majority, it is the end of proper parliamentary 
law But if it lie justifiable, it i* a* valid for the 
passage of the election bill a* for that of the closure 
bill. II the presiding officer limy refuse iu rcco a 'tiizu 


CIVIC GREATNESS AND DIRT. 

The citizens of New York are not hnshful nor back- 
ward in celebrating the greatness of the city, and in 
claiming for it n metropolitan primacy. They natu- 
rally believe that it is the centre and head of America, 
nml cun nut but suspect that forcigriera from the effete 
despotism* must greatly exult when at last, after ages 
of oppression anil suffering, they arrive in the liny 
dominated by Liberty Enlightening the World, step 
ashore at the Battery, and tread the Broadway of 
what must seem to them a kind of New Jerusalem 
This is the natural view of the New-Yorker. America 
i* the chief country on the globe, and New York is it* 
flowering crest The newly arrived pilgrim begins 
by surveying the stately pleasure-ground of the Bowl 
ing Green, an appetizing hint of forth-coming joys. 
Fresh from Strasburg or Milan, hi* eve* rest fasci- 
nated upon Trinity Church, and when a little further 
advanced upon hi* upward way lie la-hold* the Post 
office aud the A* lor House, his satisfied hope and 
bewildered imagination ask no more. \\ hen hr i* 
told that the great Western metropolis is the only 
cosmopolitan city, more Irish than Irelund, more Ger- 
man tlian Germany, more Italian than Italy, he be- 
lieve* that ton, or wisely forbears to deny it. 

Above all, however, it is the capital of the American 
genius, enterprise, energy, resource, wit, and industry 
which have wrought the miracle of the United State*. 
New York indeed is willing to concede that there are 
older cities and some civic works worthy of attention 
even in towns which are not Atm-ricun. It will not 
deny also that some foreign places have a certain 
historic aud romantic, literary and artistic, interest, 
for which New York, busy with more important 
affairs, ha* not yet had time. But it will attend to 
them presently aud outdo the world Such in the 
cheerful complacency nf this good city. Yet it is droll 
aud undeniable that with all its grandeur aud kindly 
condescension to other famous towns, it cannot keep 
itself clean. Oreece and Rome and Germany and 
France and England may strive in vain to overcome 
it iu renown, hut garbage and refuse aud litter and 
dirt of every kind and degree utterly subdue it. It 
may spend millions aud millions of dollars for what 
it calls its government, and savagely resent legislu 
tire interference, and maintain thousand* of sti|ten- 
diarira of every grade, and denounce Dirt in public 
meetings, and thunder at it in a free and forcible 
press, and swear ui it in clubs, and scold at it in pri- 
vate parlor*, hut Dirt remains triumphant. and, proud 
of iu supremacy, compels New York to be known as 
the dirtiest city in the world. 

There is something exquisitely ludicrous in this 
utter and helpless subjugation of a great city hy Dirt. 
It is really doubtful whether it is more the city of 
the Bowling Green and the Post office than of dirty 
streets. All the genius, experience, resource, sriem-e. 
skill, industry, to which the city proudly poinls and 
which it proudly celebrates, cannot help her The 
statesmanship of lu-r City Hall, her overflowing trea 
Kttry, her army of hrouni and machine sweepers, and 
brcses of every name, cannot keep her streets clean : 
anil now, uliaiidoiiiug all the vain endeavor of official 
organization, the Mayor implore* a few private citi- 
zens. for pity's sake and the sake of cleuitliuext, to do 
or to advise somebody else how to do the work for 
which a great department exists, for which an enor- 
mous out lay of money is authorized, am) au enormous 
army of sweepers raises a tremendous dust. Thus fur 



FEBRUARY 7, 18*1. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


99 


A RECKONING OF REFORM. 

Mr. THEODORS RooWVBLT, of th* Civil Service 
(.VHnnuuiun, very properly will attention to two 
very important rrwults ucc-iiiti|diidiHl liy Uie CV*i»- 
m ration. It ha* at last snccmfotl in arousing the 
Southern Sun™ U> on active iulcmt in the refomiwl 
system, so that they have now rewired their full 
snare of appointment* in the departmental Berviee in 
Wnxhitigtuu; ulul that service has become si most 
absolutely mm partisan. Thin i»» signal illustration 
of the sitrti.l v progress of reform under circurnataiwvw 
which. Mr. IUkmkvki.T frankly concedes, hiiitdiiiiiI the 
tu-dr of the Commission with great difficulty. There 
is “the intense and interested hostility of the great 
mass of self - necking politician!.,, end of the much 
huger urn** of officc-neekara,” who** sole hope of 
success is politics) influence. There are also * greet 
deal of popular indifference and ignorance, ami the 
" mean ami vicious cynicism " of many public men. 

Rut two especial difficulties are, doubt of the po- 
litical honesty of the examinations, and ignorance of 
tiie scope and limits of the reformed system. As a 
general rule. Republicans are slow to apply for ex- 
amination under a Democratic administration, and 
iHmiocratn under Republican control, because they 
Pike it for granted that adherents of the dominant 
party will lie preferred. But the honesty of the de- 
partmental examinations has now been so complete- 
ly demonstrated that the doubt i* disappearing The 
quota of Die Southern States in appointments, how- 
ever, was not tilled, but- steadily declined, even under 
Mr. Ct-KVKL.txu‘8 administration. Rut when Con- 
gress Q’lthoriaed the appointment of some six hun- 
dred additional clerks in Die departments at Wash- 
ington, the Commission, before holding examina- 
tions in the Southern States, invited Southern mem- 
bers of Congmw mid-ncvrspuprr ct>rreH]Kindent.x U> a 
confereuee. explained the whole matter lo them in 
detail, assuring them of the strict impartiality and 
non -part isair character of the examinations, and 
urging them to make the fact* known in the South- 
ern States. The meiidiert of Congress and the new v 
papers cordially co-operated in the manner suggest- 
ed, and the result was that "the South obtained near- 
ly three hundred of the six hundred appointmenta, 
and the Southern States now stand almost level with 
the Northern as regard* their quotas.” 

Naturally the great nurse of these Southern appoint- 
ments " are politically opposed to the party in pow- 
er.” This i* a substantial and permanent victory for 
the reformed system, of which each one of the three 
hundred is an illustration aud a missionary. Igno- 
rance of the scope of the reform is not confined to the 
Southern States. The law affects only about thirty 
thousand places, leaving about four times that num- 
ber outside of it. It is not surprising that when a 
fourth-class postmaster is turned out for his politico, 
and a census enumerator appointed by political in- 
fluence, the obtarver should refuse to believe that a 
clerk in the New York Post-office or (_’u«tom-houne 
is appointed solely upon his proved lit urea, and 
wholly without regard to politics or influence. This 
is undoubtedly confusing. But it is intelligible 
enough upon a little reflection. The operation of 
the law at the outset was purposely limited. The 
argument, of course, is the same for a post-office of 
forty-nine clerks as for one of fifty. But it was 
thought best to try the experiment with fifty, and 
then extend the aren of tbo operation of the law. 
Mr. Rousevklts article is u most timely and sliimr 
luting mport of the essential advance mode bv the 
reform, and it is undeniably creditable u> the good 
faith of tin* administration that a Commission ho 
able and courageous should have been selected to 
sii]>erinteiid the work. 

AN AMERICAN SALON. 

Two recent Interesting incident* in the world of nrt are 
the sVlia of Mr. Cn.tXf.r-ti for a fund to send a pupil lo 
study for Are year* in Europe, and Hint of » triennial nn 
tionni exhibition of American work* lit tin- Madison S(unre 
Garden, In New York. The Utter *cli«-mr I* placed under 
the control «f the National Academy and other of the nrt 
u«si« -Utkins, with siii’li. presumably in other rilie», a* they 
may elect For lie- vtcec** of such nn enter prioe n-proMiita 
tier* from nil parts nf the country, wiili DO pt»'| Miodrnmce of 
New York influence, would seem tu be ludhponsablc. and 
tbi-v are cordially Invited. 

Such so exhibition would certainly tend to inuke nrti<t* 
in all parts of tlw country more generally known. It wotdd 
lie a test nf l«*l reputation* ami iu» opportanity «f obaerv. 
log the den* of a iii«tinrtirc American school. TIm- Na- 
tional Academy of Design ib-cUaed lltti invitation ki lake 
port in the enterprise if a m-w* tirade my wen- contemplated, 
ii|«m tin; sound ground that it would b»- In-Iter to make IW 
of existing institution* limn lo found new one*. It draw not 
forget its own tiiie. lint peritapt It tui^lit Im- clwirged with 
■wwImiI for geifuloptw. and challenged to show whether it 
were more nation id than any other hical institution of the 
kind. 

There I* wo di*|xi*iti»n in the new movement, however, to 
inrjie difference On the rontrary. it is an effort to quick- 
en Imih the intereM of the puMlr and tlie spirit of the artist*. 
It aims ul fitir play mid equal right*, the familiar American 
cry. It I* an effort for mi American nMMliim in the inlet- 
*r<t of AtmrUau art. It w ill Ik not only a test of local repu- 


tationa and an Indicnilon of the condition of creative art In 
thla country, but It will illustrate also the effective eo-opera- 
tlve spirit of llte artists Tlie call, a* we understand, is gen- 
eral, ami llie response should he univmal awl graenwa. 


SECRET A R Y W INDOM. 

Tint sudden death of Secretary Wimkhi profoundly im 
pressed t be country ; and yet such a drath, immediate tuid 
pultilewi. Jost il* wUe view* of a great and praising public. 
queMiou bad been afily expreraed. with n inucliing lone of 
tlUM-ly warning, must Ik regarded for the dead a» a ouiliau- 
Asia, although for tlw living the shock in tragical. The 
views of a Secretary nf ll*e Treasury, at a time when finan- 
cial question* of the kind Uiat now engage puldlc attention 
air pending. could bot l>* expected to lit univemnllj ap 
proved. Espi-eiully upon the subject of free stiver coinage 
In; could not bull] aud express sound views without arousing 
tlip “ free silver " opposition. 

Rut there was universal confidence in the ability and fair- 
ness and high integrity nf Seeratary Wisdom. lie was a 
mult of great public experience and cnnK-rvatire modem- 
tion of temperament- HU mind wan hospitable to new 
ideas. but It waa not erratic or unwisely impulsive. HU 
official discretion was great, ami his death at this miriiteht U 
a serious public low. Tbe reform lit the civil service to 
which Ul» party was pledged had iu Mr. Wixihjm a sincere 
friend. Hi* testimony is very valuable. In liis last report 
lie said: 

“Tlie beneficial influence* of the civil netvlre law in It* pracii 
iwl sorUlig* arc elmlr ippsn-nL Having l>een -. .Ire IkhJ «f 
die Department iioth tafoT suit after il* ndo|'tl<*>, I am slile to 
judge by emupaiisoa of the two systems, mid hare no hesitation 
In pronouncing the present cuadilwiii of affairs u jirvhtsl.le in 
all respect*." 

It will be a difficult task to replace him. but there is no 
doubt dial the President will select n Secretary of view* eon- 
oonaot witb ibcwo of hi* laic odviaer, so that Lite death of 
Mr. Was Dow will not bt: n misfortune os well a* a loss. 

FORESTRY IN NEW YORK, 

Tire numbers anti cothuRinsm of the late forestry " meet- 
ing in New York show that public opinion is at last amused 
to the terlotis roUfortuoe* threatened by an ignorant neglect 
or an equally ignorant supervision of the Adirondack timber 
laud*. Mr- WahimsN IIiui.xy, an expert in forestry, point- 
td out llw rapid diminutiou of the forests, the wide spread 
waste and rccktciw destruction, the increasing value of the 
woodlands, the growing inconstancy of riven and *ln.-uni*. 
•ml the frequency of interniitlent droughts and ttouds. ami, 
with wdhehnaen and eloquent statistic* and citallon of the 
experience of other lands, made a very graphic and forcible 
presentation of the Imperative nocesriiy of Immedlalo atten- 
tion and action. 

A serlw of crisp and incisive motationa, stating tho ca*e, 
and recommending legidntion in prohibit the building ol 
railroads In the Aiirrowlacfc region except after most »irin- 
geot scrutiny and consideration by tl*e Lumi -office and the 
State Forest foauniscion, to pmltlhil tlie building or dam*, 
to increase the efficiency of State control In preventing forest 
fire*, detecting and punishing trea|ia»*en<,n!DuwingtlM! foresta 
wlirra dcslroyi-d, and establishing a thorough, conservative, 
ami scientific forest administration, w« offered 

Mr. l'i.nv»:i.,tXD seconded ibe rutolullous in a speech re- 
calling bis artioo mh Governor In aid of foiest prescrviitinn, 
aud Ida experience « an " AdirontUckcr. “ lie ciusl the 
happy result of the popular appoal for tlwi rescue of Xing 
art. and suggested a similar agitation. The schrmc projiowd 
by the resnlutUtaa, he said, isrimply to In-gin with Use proper 
cate of whut we already own. After duly protecting that, 
we cun acquire awl protect other lamls, awl Anally secure a 
public park. His speech, like the molutiona, evidently rx- 
p reined tlie feeling of the meeting, which adopted tbe reso- 
liitinns wiili a shout, and wna then gratified aud rewarded 
with a scries of fine views of the Adirondack region from 
Professor Dies stout;'* stereo pticon. 

AN ENGLISH EXPUNGING RESOLUTION. 

BkxtojT* famous expunging rt*oluti<in in the Senate of 
the l* idled Stale* provoked a more prolonged and Impressive 
controversy than Hint of Sir Wii.i.mm GrTBK flcKTIH Hi* 
otlier «hy in Lite British House of ('nmnuxis. Wxnsrmt, 
Cut, ami Ci I. U nr N unilcd to pa** a resolution of crnMira 
upon President .line sox, and it was not until liic clow* of 
JaCMOX'* admini-aration that Kkntox w»« able, after a de. 
liatr- which stirred llte country, to secure tin- passage- of bis 
rrsoluttims to expunge Hw censure from the journal. Tbe 
liuul rci-im? of the vote and of llta expunging is still 

an aiundngly melodramatic pamage in <mr i-.Jltlc^l annals. 

^ir W 11 . 1,1 lit llrvrKD. in llie House of ComnuMiN, iiuivih] 
tocxpiinge I hr rev, Union of June, 1MM. forbidding (imu.i"* 
IlilAli!. ui-u to take the oath*. The- Solicitor Ueoenil op 
pisMMl the motion as subversive of (lie tratliliuns of Uie 
House, and urgeil that a hislnriml record «lteuld nut bt- so ef- 
fiussl. Rut Mr. Gi tiwvr supported Hie Botloa.aaevrHtig 
that it was an exce<* of juriiulirtinn in nn awmbly baliliu!! 
almost Imrucasiimhle power without appeal Excom of jn- 
rlatUrtiM wn« the great rat fault such an Awndily could 
commit, leaving on rrmrd nn rrmr which might Ik turiud 
lo evil account in evil lime*- The Home clMi-rvtl him ns 
he sold that to w that the Homo did not Inwpaae over Hw 
limit nf its fuurtion* wn* one nf the highest and most aarred 
dotka- 

Mr. Wrt.t-tot Hrxht Burnt. First Lord of Hu- Treasury, 
and Inuler of tie: H«aM, expretwed hi* sympathy with Mr. 
liitAbi ti'oir. who Uy serimt-ly ill. mid amid beany cheers 
the Tory expunged tin- rraolntlon ng»ln»t dm Doled 
Itiulicni. Mr {Jr snrnvrtK'* n-mark* are a* appropriate t» a 
jMiTty a* to the llouu- of t'oinruons. (t U an earn tit eiliur 
luliuti agaiiut the cxcum of party spirit. 


OF INTENTIONAL MISREPRESENTATIONS. 

Tim Boaton Jmmal points out that in a recent article In 
llie WratKI.T tijxm Ibe free coinage of silver the imprenjou 
is conveyed anil intended lint it was n lirpuhliean measure 
Tbe Jnurn‘il state* that then.* is not a word in Uie article 
which biMlU-uii-s titut n single Democrat ic Benntnr voted for 
free coinage. This is true, and it was certainly a rurelc-w 
onil**lim. But we do not think that the meaning of tin* 
article wb* liable in miaapprehension. The articli* appear- 
ed after Hi* jMrtv clmrartcr of the vote wo* fully known, 
nnd in slating that it* political character was not to lie avoid- 
ed. the plain meaning was tbnl a Hepultlu-an Congrcs* would 
Is- held mpoiisilik- for a uu-nsiire which could nut be lulopt- 
rd i-xct-pl l>y Itcpublirun vote*. 

We siit-l "If a l{i|HilMi<*n ('(ingress should send Buck a 
law to a Rcpublii-uli President, and Ire should approve II. 
the political party which lu»* l»cn supposed to lu- trust 
worthy u|miii the financial rjunitian would atalicnte it* trust. 
If lire Ki-puhlirnn President should veto it, Ire would with 
»h»tul LI* [arty [which would hare posted the. hill, living 
the responsible majority), mid another of its tillm lo natinnnl 
nuiltiicm-e would disappear." The iin|ilicwti«ia that the 
Deniuvralic irarty waa inittust worthy upon the subject wn* 
ethirtit. nliiioiigli the siateincnt of the comparative vole wn* 
loedlcn«dy omitted. But the Jotrmal will Inrdly deny tlmt 
the Republican majority is respon«ible for the legidntioo of 
n Congrr** which it control*. » And, upon reflection, we du 
Dot lielirvc that it will still allege that the Wrrki.v intended 
to nibre|’Ti-M-iit a vote which was perfectly Well known 

PERSONAL. 

John Anusiituvu 1 'Iiamj'k i* the nntlior of ft iiational 
Hrhenre for giving worthy art student* of either nrx a term 
of foreign study. It comprises llie format ion of iuslitntwitiH 
of nil in eu<li American city of importance, with the raising 
of a fuiul in every city, tire income of which shall la* suffi- 
cient to pay the expenses of five years abroad far a student 
who has Ikcii chcnen by n local Jury of arti*|* to rapivnerit 
iil* or ber city. 1li« New York institution would tbn* con- 
sist of tbe art MiL-ietien of the city, wheat president* would 
form tlie Jury. It said that f&i.uuu lift* nlreudy l<en *ul>- 
Mribed in this city by Mr. CtlANLEit and hi* friends for n 
local test of the plan, which also contemplate* a national 
tisw-mbly, with national exhibition* in wliit-h sludeuta of 
nnv natiounlity may otNUpeta for prin-s. 

— Ciiaiu r* Haxid.xt nit, nieinWr of Parliament for Nirrtb- 
iimplno, died in Lomloii on the -3uth of January, after a long 
ill new. Hi* death end* one of the most turbulent and not- 
able i-aicer* of recent time*. He wn* of very hanihli' origin, 
ami was l-oni in the East End of Loudon in 1KU. He was 
a coni .dealer's clerk, a private in the Dragoon (inards, aud 
an editor of ft jwper drvntad to tl»c propftgatioii of " five, 
thinking " Ideas. Mr. Bits 1>LA full wn* au uusncceaafu 1 



cftUilidnte III N»nhnmptnl> lor Parliftillelit three time*. On 
hi* fourth attempt Ue won. But he had to be rh-rtrd three, 
more linres tx-fora he was prruuitnl to take bis neat. Ho 
refused to take the outh tvqitltvd by law, us he did not be- 
lirve in n God. In lt*-G, bnving Iweu sgnin elected, be was 
allowed to ait. Tile other day Parlimoent t-xpungeil from 
the records tbe resolution of lce*J by wide.. HnxiU-Um.ii 
was shut out. 

— Tlie grave of Arurnux. the great oniitbologiHt, who 
wa* buried iu Trinity Cemetery, Near York, Iii Kil.l* iin- 
in;itkn1, Ixtt a enuiMoiiee lia* ii ow Ikcii nppiHi'ited by thi! 
New York Academy*? SneDeewlo raise tlu.uutl for tin- erec- 
tion of a snitslilc moiiiiiwnr. A luirolier of ppwoliieiit mci< 
have contriliiiti-d $](«l apiece, and it i* ho|>ed that the full 
stun will tin obtained nnd tbs- monument placed over the 
grave by next October. 

— lit. t'. A. Kastuxv, a yimix Indinn, who bn* done 
noble work among In* people during the recent rroilblnl 
tliin-« at l*lno Ridge Agvticy, I* a graduate of the ItovtuM 
luiino-»|oilhic school of luedicine, it'll ticc ted with Buwtou 
I’nlTciwity. 

— Dr. Thomas Bowman, of &t. Loots, «*-ni»r Bishop of tlie 
Met luslisl L'linrali.lia* *peiit over fifty year* in church work. 
He is wvmtty-four year* old, hot in splendid health. 

— Herr Kirrr.wvmr «f the great gun factories, bn* no 
estimated inrotni! i>fti,llai,<HN>iiiark* |fl,r>tNMMMt), nn-l <» • a}l- 
ed tile ciclu-st limn ill Prussia, linn. ll licit H m.III1.Ii entiles 

— Tlie littl* two-htorictl bouse at Asolo, Italy, where 
liuni'iiT Biiowmvo aiul bis sister lived i*|o*n tlie poet's 
lanl book. .Isefmir/o, wn* written, lias bran marked wiili a 
white lieu Me sluh ta-arlng a suitable Inscription. 

Tlie Massachusetts Historical Society lias Just relebrw- 
tcs| its centennial. Aclcli ti w r* wrra made on ibe CM-eir*Sr»it 
by the I'reMclsnt, Rev, ilr.CltqtHIK K, KtJJS. Hern. K>>tir:i:i 
C. W 1X71 1 ** iP, and Colonel T. W, HlriOIXsciX, wliile the as- 
reiotiliige w as remark tilde for Ibe number of dtaliogtitslira 
itceu uu<l vtuuieit who were present. 




1111 


HARPERS WEEKLY 


TIIE roi’LTRT SHOW AT MADISON SQUARE GARDEN.— Draws bt Frasklase L. Sewki.l -[See Page 103. 

and FI inn with Ri«W. 1 II i :T Corlibt. 1. Biff" u-MVhil» «. OM RngtMli (larrW. I ]\i«M wd AnM*. «. Pintail, t. Duck-vlaf (Iuh and IVliHcl 

■etc Ileulima, UL Yokohama*! IL ludlaii Qua aud Sfauglnl lUmbui.:- It BuE Lrjboro aul LVjmJjItr. is. llia l iH a Drake. U. Wwal Drake. LA Artldcl 




*S0**Jmk 

m 










FEBRUARY 7, mi. 


•HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


101 



am <i Hi; i lif beat honk illustrations vet made. An an ctrlicr 
Meiasunier hod n good reputation.' ami liln plates figure in 
tlw Im'hI collection*. It lnu been for years Hie general un- 
derstanding that Meixsonier rarely if ever painted women. 
Trn<*, there lire comparatively few Hut nre to lie found In 
hi* life work, lint tiny appear In iimw of bln oil palming, 
ami mf quite common In hi* wimhI cm*. 

Atniuliililv was said. in tildy in late y*»r». not to be a 
prominent rlmraclerisHc ol tile pullilrr, nnrf Ilia pronounced 
hatred of the Grrmnn*. uotnhiy nftcr Use Franco Pm-hm 
war. was ixiiuIhimsI with a am very deftly concealed dislike, 
it has liren often stand. for the inhiiliiiuiitH of Hits country. 
Tin' Until I* that thin strange dwarf-like old man with hi* 
magnificent bead *et on a mnsrivo lt>r«i l*irnc <>n little abort 
leg*. had queer like* and dislike*. He wa* French to tl»c 
cnrr.nnd Cl*af«*I under the fact, nn mutter wlnil the Influence 
on his pocket, that such n jfreut numlier of hi* work* hail 
rriHunl the ten to till* country, never In nil likelihood to 
return. Nn cnmplctc exhibition of llic work* of tlic master 
could lie held without u number of those that me owned 
here. In Amcricn. for iu«innn- arc proliably altnul rijrUty 
of hi* work*, including. Imldn " 1807" mid " Les llmi Van 
ilc Velde,” nt lit** Mclropolltnn Museum. ** Information— Gen- 
eral Dc*nix and the Captured Pennant." " Tlte Arrival at the 
( Ini lean." ii ml "The Ordinance," in the W. II. Vanderbilt 
gallery; “TImj Gnme l^wt.” " Le Pigeon.” another rani 
party *cenc. the famous "Chess Player*." of the Belmont 
gnllcry ; and “ In the Library." 

It via in Irtati that MeiaionUr created n mild little sen- 
•ntlon ill Ihe Paris Salon hv hi* first exhihil there, n tinniest 
little work culled ■ The Little Met-enger. " The rise front 
Hint to " 1807." " 1814." ami the " 1*08 which be showed 
at the opening display lost year of tlw new Satan Nntionalr. 
in win mc establish mcnl he wn» a lender— was great even for 
fiftv-flve rear*. 

In England. In Russia, and in Germany, a* well n* In tliia 
pounlry. thn work* of tl»c drail artist Imid u prominent place 
in public uud private volleetioa*, and when the linmaus 


MASTER OF THE MINUTE. 

A *t*>: I la* piutvd from the actuality Into the history of 
art Unit will hold it proud plats; on it* page* forever. Time 
cnniwA stale the prodigious talent of Mciaaonler. grvulcvl of 
all the |s*1iitrtn of gm" of live day There are fashion* in 
art. lull they arts the fashions of the Ideal rather than tile 
real ; and work of artistically actual quality, like Hint of Mci*- 
m inker uni the Dutch tnaslrr* of the niiuute. from whom he 
h id bis mi 1st lc lorth will hold high repute, and claim forever 
the nd miration of tile lirtind minded lover* of art. 

In the greater M*>po of hi* compositions, in the dignity 
reached hv his historical (/run*. Mehuonler surniewed those 
mm with whom Iw h*« *i often been compared; surpoaatd 
Tcrhurg. tin; younger Teniers, Dow, and Metxu. Of these, 
the first ahMie'efrwIwd him III tlw tienutv of his Iiitcrlor*. with 
tlli'ir brood sweep* of llirlit mid shade, and the brilliancy of 
hi* figure? In light, half-light, and shade. 

No one of thr*n painters rind. I surpass Mcisaciaier in the 
piloting of sunlight, of sueh sunlight. for lustntice. as cn- 
telopa tho minute figure* ami the Vauhnn fortress in his 
■Howl Players at the Antilles.' is>* lu the Seuey collection, 
and no one of them ever painted such intense nc-tiun as i< to 
Is; found in the figures III lire celebrated ’ The Brawl," of 
which f« told I lie familiar ami improlKildn story that one of 
the models died front the effects of the Mrnin in posing. 

And lltoao brilliant Dutchtnrn never attempted. though 
Teniers came Very near it. stlelt brilliant pages of grouping 
and composition. with their hurnirciL of Hgitrc*, os the 
” FriedUnd— lMt7," which Judge Hilton transferred from 
the A. T. Sic wart collection to the Metropolitan Museum, or 
tin: " 1*14, ' for which M. (Tiauclianl, the prescut owner of 
the much advertised - Angelos, "is said to have mid It* long- 
time owner. M Delabnulc. the mormons sum of f 170.000 

For scieucu of composition, for lirilliancy and breadth of 
palming In the Held of Hie minute in art. which was bit 
chnwn ground. the French m»«er was only approached by 
Adolph Menxcl, Ihe German, whom he siir|*uM-s lu his color- 


ing, which U always marked hy Mihriety in Its general effect*, 
however brilliant it may he in part*. 

The umount of money which I* reprantlcd hy the. In 
round number*, flic hiindml panels, eanvn*es, lin'd wntrr- 
colura which form the life work of Meisaouter is equalled lu 
the production* of no modem master, and also iu the *um 
paid for a single work hits be surpassed them ulL 
In popular if not in artistic reputation— fog there nro many 

S students fresh faun I’uris who sneer nt ill* work as 
_■ that of a skilful rrwftsman. ami older nten whose 
opinion is not tnitch higher Meuoonier stood at the head of 
tlio French painters of Hi* day. To discus* lit* exact stand- 
ing in the art world wuuhl Is- ttselcs*. Suffice to say. Uml in 
all lie has done ItU a|ipeal l* to tlw Intellect and not to the 
heart. The preulinrily of hi* position wn»*urh that, brilliant 
a* he wns, lie Itasi hut four nctital (MMtllt — DetHlIle, who anon 
won for himself a brilliant individual reputation, ('hnrlew 
MeiwoDiet, whose wotk Is hut a good relleelhui of hi* falltcr s; 
LurienGms. and the American. !>, Kidgvw-ny Knight, whusc 
studio adjoined tint of tbs' mnslcr ut Pokwy . 

It i* a pretty story that is told of the student day* of 
MciMuliler, who wns Imrn of pour (larents at Lyons seventy- 
six year* ago, and reached at rightecn the sliulio in Paris 
of his master. IA»n Cogniet There were five s'mlent friends 
--a sculptor. Deehiiuine. a draughtsman. Trimolct. Dniihigny. 
MclasonWr. and Steinbeil. whose sister Meinsotiler afterward 
married. They resolved that one should work fur fame, 
while tl>e other* made enough money to support him mid 
thenuclvni, 

It wns all very charming, a pretty and indeed noble little 
story of tlte enthusiasm of youth, tint Milo Stelnlirir* good 
looks s|M>ill the arrwugenumt. ami while Daubigny struggled 
on his own way to fame. Me I stonier began to gather in 
francs with considerable facility by illustrating hooks by 
drawings on wood. Collectors prize highly these early 
efforts, and the wood cilia for which the muster drew in 
Intar yearn, notably for the collecifon of veraes of his friend 
the Comte de Chcrigne, known ns the Contes lUtums, are 


JEAN LOUIS ERNEST MEISSONIER. 


102 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. 1W1 


w»'re quartered in Ihe painter'll country 
home during (lie war nf IHTO-I. they reU- 
guxtaly married Imhi h.rin nil liu jVi** 1 *- 
sbwia. Mt-boonier mule tire Italian ram 
I'dgn with Nnpoieoo 111., bul tin- sole rcsuit 
of any importance was the " Napoleon III. 
st tsolferina,” now bung In the Luxembourg 

To hare ones portrait pointed by Mri*- 
snnier was n privilege which few wi re (it.;.- 
"• afford of Intc years. ami It >* a question if 
•hose few were filmwil with tht- results In 
In* portraits, notably of Ann-rkwn* -though 
perluip* bn «u Innocent of any Intention— 
Melsaonier painted with a fidelity which, by 
iu very inariteuc’e amounted almost to ex- 
aggeration Tin* I* to l«r noted in bt* ixir- 
tralt of the Intc W. II VandiTblil. 

Mrs. Muckay. after being forced Uv thr 
French courts to take a t'orixnit of li<-rvcif 
that she win. not satisfied with, revenged 
herself, it was stated, to the artist's di*gnM. 
by destroy inn it. Among tlKww w ho liuve 
I wen painted by the inaslei nrc Mr Proamsco. 
of Cincinnati: United 8Ul«* Heuator Inland 
Mnnforil, of California, M, Delahiuiie. the 
original owner of "1814": nud Alexandre 

Diima 

It is not likely that the influence of >1 
Mchwonier, notwithstanding hi* powerful 
grasp on the politics* of art. will U- great 
from lire art is tie side on this or (tie coming 
generation of French and oilier foitlp M 
American painters. There is iu this ronntrv 
n little group I leaded by Mr Louis Moeller 
an exceptionally able Mian, wIm> has painted 
some things Meis*. inirr would not liave Im-l-d 
ashamed of, and in France there lire, I may 
wrt\ fewer Wrong disciples still. In the school 
of McisKinM-r there Is little or nothing to do 
beyond what the muster Imm himself accom- 
plished ; and in these days of plein airirfn amt 
iniprcMuonb-t*, the latter with their artistic 
kirirUloaco]*! effects, the whole tendency of 
art is toward the negation of detail and the 
glorification of mass in light and shadow. 

The master, wlioau brush. If not quite as 
vigorous to trained eye# »• rwrhujis a few 
years ago, was m|]| the faithful servant of ilia 
w III, bud reached iu his ticnrlv fourscore ymrs 
the summit of all hi* ambition, He iliil cot 
die suck a very rich man as jwople might r«. 
pec-t from the grrut price* brought by hi* 
works. The dealers and the collectors have 
mmle a great deal of that motley, and will 
make more, now that the life work is over, 
than they lure done before And the reason 
why the painter was not wi-ulihy was that 
be spared no expense to obtain the best mod. 
cl* for hi* pictures, even, it Is Mid, *upi*.rt- 
tng at one lime a couple uf compank-. of 
cavalry, detailed to him for the purpose by 
the government, in order to aluilv their cto- 
lutiou. 


THE NEW YORK POULTRY AND 
PIGEON SHOW. 

Thk New York Poultry and Pigeon Amo 
riation iLiinitcdl open* its vmoimI annual 
show at tile M*di*»u .Square Garden build- 
ing on the .'ilb of February It U the hope 
of ih in lortocUtion to widen the public Inter 
est frit in this country in poultry and pigeou 
Weeding, and thuy expect this year's show, 
with over 301)0 entries, will outdo anything 
seen of it* kind in Uic United b tales, and per- 
haps rival the London Crystal Palace show, 
so famous throughout the World. As an 
evMaoco of tho Increase of Interest may 
lie mentioned as exhibitors in this years 
show Mr*. Adolph Ladt-uburg, Miss fseliii. 
ami other well koown "ladies of fashion" 
who have become " fancier* " The officer* 
of the nwiocitttion arc Mr. Kolrert Uolgate, of 
New York, president . Mr George Purdue, 
treasurer, of East Orange, New Jtiwv . mid 
Mr. T. Farrer llaekem. secretary and super- 
intendent, also of East Orange. As a rule, the 
gcnrral public are inclined to look upon 
( hie kens. ducks, geese. and pigeons m lucking 
in interest und scientific or v-coDomic v*lu< 
Gradually, however, g different view is living 
taken, ami an enormous Increase of attention 
is surely fastening itself upon our feathered 
domestic friend* Not only are the farmer, 
breeder, and fanciers doing their utmost to 
further their interests iu this direction, bul 
there is u sure pragmas toward the evolution 
of what may lie aptly (tailed die ■■ amateur 
breeder. Inler-urlMiu life cbme beside our 
great cities bus no largely IftCTOSM-d of late 
yean* — and is still growing every day— that 
opportunity to culMrato » ctooer acquaint 
nous aud friendship with all the domestic 
h ntiii.il* lu* become to an nnny «>f people a 
part of lbeir daily existence. Itor-e* ami 
dogs, because of ibclr superior intelligence 
and general utility, have naturally taken tbe 
lend; but n stock farm or a dog kennel, no 
mato-T upon bow small a srnlc, take* quite a 
capital to establish, and entails lire employ- 
ment of skilled ami consequently of expen- 
sive help, while the breeding of poultry mid 
pigeons can be under taken upon a much 
smaller outlay, mid needs no skilled labor to 
assist tbe ''amateur “ breeder. < >f course lire 
brooding of chicken* i» from tht purely com- 
mercial stand point lire mint interesting. 
Tbe prewuro of uiMteeittb-rentnrT clvllixa- 
tinn und its attendmit luxuries living idioul 
a great many striving* after domestic ecome 
mv. How to mnke lutth end* meet is tire 
burning qurelion of lire hour witb tire great 
majority. Ho ibo ladies of U» boutcbold take 
to cbimi painting or more serious art work, 
cultivate their musical talent*, when they 
have any; and for those housewives who are 
not gifted or tilted !►>' nature In iIm«c direc- 


tions, muny nf llirm. residing in rural dis- 
trict*. I save taken to the breeding of chick- 
ens. cither forublc use or as layers, anti have 
found in it an ciuty. luterealttig. and profitable 
occupation. 

Altliough the lunmnerable varieties of 
rhir-ken* nil descended from tbe common 
OitfftM tuMh'eaa. thorn nre at boat mmm fftru 
distinct hrmls tiiat are likely to pay the 
purely commercial breeder in this country. 
These are the PlyoMNilb Rock, Wyandotte 
fbinh purely Americau birds |, the ludian 
Game, and tbu Medlicrntucan varietUs The 
first thrci- urn purely for table use. mid un- 
der tbe last cl. is* we find tbe Minorca*. L :g 
hornn. Andalusian*, and the White - faced 
lilac k S|Huiisli. Tbe last inenliuuvd hltd lias 
an Iridtocml. clusrly pack'd black plumage, 
a splendid Otnriagr. und a while enamel or 
covering or kid like fall on Ids fate. In tbe 
cock bird often a* large a* tbr palm of your 
baud. All these Mcdilcrraoemi fowls are 
must prolific layers, and tile (Hack Hpanuh 
—who come from lower Snuin — are famous 
for laying a very large while egg Anntlwr 
KixhI laying vwrirly Is the w bile • crested 
Black Polish, wlileh, on account of their pic- 
turesque white topknot and jet black bodv 
feat here, make n very showy bird Iu the |*ml 
try-yard and show-room. The great hint of 
the slsuw-rnom is, nf course, tbe Huff t’oehin. 
A good old exak bini will often weigh six- 
teen poumls, aud bis feathers stund out from 
hi* l*Hly six or eight indtea. There are a 
nunilk-r of varieties of this purely Asiatic 
breed, all descended from tire famous long 
legged Hlimig HaT. wlin, it has often la-eo 
staled, could easily eat off of the top of a bar- 
rel. Tito Indian Gmne Is tbe bird that of 
laic years km* swept all before him as tbe 
bird (Mir .mU'/tiv for table use Original 
ly this biid came from the good old mar- 
ket town of I lurking. Surrey. England, and 
i* often called ibe Dorking It 7" a bund 
Kinie. stalely liinl of rich pluinuge. and as a 
Lotilc fowl Ims a due. thin, and delicate skin, 
-old. did liroast development, and, above nil. 
that w|ii<>ki ts of *uch prime ini|Kirtauce to 
(Mir provision dealers, line yellow legs, Tire 
little folk- will, a* usual, lake special delight 
in tbe l.illiptiliitns of cliirkrtidnm— the Ifctn- 
tani» The liiiiek laikst White Hmilams, the 
Sebright* i ii|kh* whore development Hir John 
Hebriglit spent twenty live or the Ikj! years 
of his life, mid then guve tire brand kinutlie), 
tire Game Bantams, i'ekius, llamtiurg*. Jsj* 
anru-. etc., are all repriductUnts of tire larger 
vmit'lie* on n Mnnil scale 

In Hm- classes of purely show birds of great 
in!i-re»t nre tlie dark and light Hrahma* Red 
Pyle and Silver Duck wing Game., Rlack- 
tireu-ii'd Game*, tire old Knglinli Pit Gutue. 
aud the Japanese long tailed brrvds, general- 
ly known a* the Shinutawaru.cir Plweviix. mul 
the Yokoliamu Gatin-*. Tbe-.- IdH* ore re- 
markable for the leoglhof tbeirtail feuther* 
which trail on tbe ground, and often mea- 
sure two to three fret when a year old. line 
of the features of the i btekeu exhibit iu this 
year spoullry allow will la-asr-rim of lire, ding 
yards, each about fl by 8 feet, in each of a hick 
will Ik show n four lien* and a cock bird, lire 
Idea being to convey to tin public tbe general 
principles upon which tbe birds should Ire 
UMilcd. Ibe points liret tell in tbe make of the 
bird*. »o that i heir progeny may reproduce 
all their best Unit*. 

Uf Ibe various breeds of pigeons a book 
could I* written. Tire wild pigwm is. of 
iuurse. the progenitor of all these vatic 
ties European and Oriental countries have 
elahnrutrd ujwin this wild pigeon most won- 
derfully and In-HUlifully. The American fan- 
cier i* just la-ginning to appreciate tire possi- 
bilities of |si*eoii breudiug. The lies! known 
Turirties t.. ibe Arnenean latblle are tlie Juc 
obln*. with their Elixabelbnn niff lire vari- 
ous bin ds of (bora (vmilcal bird* the Turn- 
Mem; lire Owls, a delicate frill of fruitbers 
ormunpoting their thrusts: the Panluil. in 
while, blue, block, and yellow — the Last » 
very rare color; TurbuU. then lire Stinker 
Fantail. who oscillate* his head mid throat 
about as rf he were palsied Ibe FUrlw, tilaek 
and while, with tlretr slrert, lldek set bodies, 
broad In lids. bilge wattles, nnd extraordinarily 
short bills. curving like a Jtawk's; in strong 
contrast to lire llar-’i* lire English Carrier, 
powerful of frame, a long thin neck, narrow 
head, huge wattle* covering ilrelr perfectly 
"iraigltl hills and almost closing their ryr>. 
tlien that most |Kintpou* and ttsekwa of pi 
grant, the Pouter so mimed la-emire of hi* 
ability to inflate hi* crop and supposedly 
show hi* displeasure Hume of there bint* 
■COMW fri-tn MlM Of bill IO lip (if tail nilie- 
teeii iiM-Ire* Take one in your hand, put 
the bill hi vuur mouth and blow, und hi* crop 
will puff out like a balloou. 

Must uf these " fancy " varieties are very 
poor " fliers,"' ami tl/nt bring* it* to that 
king of pigeon* tbe Horning Pigeon. It i* 
to tie regret t«d tiiat tbe famous long-distance 
Homing Pigeons will not I*- who In thb* show 
tbe reason Ireiog that tbe fanciers male tlreir 
bird* in lieccmtier. o. a* lo hatch out the 
young bird* :t» rnrly in January as possible, 
mul thus give tire youngsters all tbe lime 
Urey run t.i gain airengifi nnd vitality, and 
tint- !"• ready to compete auccessfullv in the 
long distance trials for young bird* fwM ev- 
ery fall The average speed of the • lloorer " 
is ataml it mile n minute— 24-1 milos in 2H" 
luimitc* l«-ing tlie heel on record. Tire ar 
ernge flight for twenty-four bone* of these 
Homing Pigeon* is over .'i00 mile* Mont 
gorocry flew mil mile*, but took thirty .aid 
days to get home; naturally murh of this 
time he wa* lost OOtnewlrere, delayed l>y 


storm* nr bcaij- winds, nnd may have nrtuul 
ly flown twice that dwtaace. but he was nev- 
er beard of from tbe hour he wils liberated 
until ho returned to the borne loft u mouth 
afterward. 

Tire Homing Pigeon Is tire one kind of Ids 
nice that 1m* a distinctly utilitarian existence. 
During the Franco Piu*-ian war tiny were 
the only mean * of communication Paris bud 
with tire outside world when all tbe iugenu 
ilvof man had failed Him*- tlut period tire 
Flench und German war departments have 
cstahlMbi'd oxtcridvc government lofts for 
tire bonding and training nf tlresr truly re- 
nuuk*14e bird* A jwoi-j-itiou ha* also re- 
cently item made to supply our outgoing 
European steamers with iruioisl llotning Pi- 
goon*, to be ured at a distance of not exceed 
mg -VX) to NOO mile# from New York, so, 
slwuld anything buppvti within tliiv dUncr*. 
almost ioManUneou* word could la- lircwigbl 
to land, so far. however, tlie matter Ims not 
token ill-finite slinpc In build the " Hornet " 
•oMiewbal resemble* tbe English < arricr, liut 
bn* not sni'li heavy wairle*. and a ninth 
Mtinller und more curved lull: he is not «*i 
long in (lie body, and Is mireli bn aider acto-* 
the back. The eye is |mrtieularly large and 
biilli*nt. and tire’ bird has an alrrtucM of 
manner aud intelligence of look tbnt i* want 
lag in other varietlnc In color tlrey nre a 
light blur, witb two heavy black Imim iiciiwn 
each wing, lire (farnat and bmut treiiig of an 
irideacrat blue and green mixed Tlrere is 
ntvo tbe tilaek, blur-checker, red checker. red, 
silver, and white. Tbe interest in there bints 
iu this country i* very gnut and the an- 
nual race* excite much attention, voluolde 
prixr* being offered for cnnqu-iitioti. tire 
Homing Pigeon Awurintinn nlwi bolding a 
*lmw of It* own every year The bird was 
originally developed in Antwerp, arid from 
tlretM-e Imported into this country. Our fan- 
cies here have, httwrver, outstripped lbeir 
European rivals In tbe nutter of speed and 
endurance, as our American-bred bird* have 
demolished all foreign record* ft>r lung-dis 
twacc Hying 

All birds of owner* belonging lo lire llom 
ing Pigeon Association are duly registered, 
and wear on one leg a small metal hind with 
lire bild'a numtrer adunptsl on it. f>era*iot)- 
ally aUo the wing feathers am similarly 
Stamped. I.iwt year no U-« than thirty thou- 
sand of there metal Itxads were iwuird by the 
aumriatioti. The bird* undergo a regular 
cuurre of training for tbeir race* ami wlren 
in this condition lire !n.-nrent!oii* lame jKiwer 
of wing* and laxly is remarkable. They arc 
tlie most pugnarious of pigron* anil would 
rather ••light than rat." A Wow from a 
"llomer's'' wiug would slut) lire ordinary 

■fc vc preparations have been made to 
urranue tbr smut of Ibe Garden building in 
the m«*t attractive manner At tbe Madison 
Avenue L-ntruace two elevated ponds sur- 
rounded by plants have been coartruMed, 
and in these will lie sbown different varieties 
of duck*, geese, etc. In I|m- centre w ill l»e a 
miniature lake, with several pairs of stalely 
wldlcswan* flouting upiai iu surface . and 
over Ibi* lake bit* Is-en elected a "corn nnl- 
ace.' tlie pillars of which will be sheathed 
with dried corn liu*k* tire yellow *hesf pulled 
thick to show lire golden red kerne], the roof, 
too. i« to be tiled wttli " coni cobs ' Alto 
ge Un-r every mean* lias la-cn token to render 
the Poultry und Pigeon Show a popular auc- 
CM* TIicto will lie music every day. and 
lire price of admits ino has been wisely fixed 
at fifty cents, with no reserved real* except 
in tbe boxes Tlie exhibition should receive 
the beauty support of New York's best peo- 
ple, and prove an instructive object le*wm 
to the whole ronimuulty. My tliallk* are 
due for information rt-eeivrd to Mr. D E. 
Newell Mr. Joaepfa It. Hiumb* nnd to Mr. 
Frank lane L. 8c well, Hie artbt. 

IIXKMV P. MxWSOS. 


KING GARBAGE. 

There are many tnvnltk* who domineer 
IB the Will Id uf fart This one i» ' a king of 
shred* nnd patcluu.'' without nny of the die 
nitv and aentiment of 'Hamlet's father 
He' reigns over the domain of squalor und 
filth : of w retched ih-*«. physical nod moral, 
over tbe region of liquor don* aud leDcnteiil 
house*, from river to river his power i* 
found; and even wealth, which is supposed 
to (vintrol nil tiling*, cxnum always prevent 
the foul odor* which brrald liis prerenre 
from offending the delicate iiOMrtla of the 
aristocrat. Hu' tel us descend from metaphor 
to fart. Technically garlmge is <*nly one 
fonn of the uitdeanlineM of cities, but we 
limy allow it lo stand by a familiar figure of 
speech for the whole 'Dirt, which boa l*rn 
properly drflnoi a* mailer out of place " 
reigns everywhere in public place*, except 
wle-ii the citizcu, disgusted with tire muni- 
cipal failure lo keep tin* highway* reaeouably 
rl'-ari. puts lit* band in lu* packet and reme- 
dies tlie evil. All of which allow* the re 
suit i* not an impoMiblc one. but cosily 
within Ike reach of intelligent effort. There 
never lias been a t!n*c within lire fruitful 
memory of had government in tbe city of 
New York when the condition of the MTOClu 
was worse than it ia today Tbit is partly 
owing lo tlie seasmi. Tbe epoch of snow 
and Ire odd- a frvall burden to thr duties of 
strect-elrauing Nature. Which i* beuefleent 
und mnlevoleot by turns, now helps, now 
hampers the work. The fierce downpour of 
a summer tempest sometime* saves the 8trcel 
C'ommimioQcr naif his work by washing thou- 


taods of tons of dirt into the sewers Again. 
m winter storm lornictlta the ofilcial soul l>y 
duulding In* respiMisibilitv. Hut winter •>« 
stimmrr. spring or fall. Kfug Garbage retgn* 
with mure or less tyranny over the (inform 
u»i* piiblx-, who in Now York, nnd ia other 
cities no levs, if we mu trust the consUmU 
renin mg plaint, sit liel|de*alv Ixit not nlaau 
mis-kly under tbe sway of ‘the fiolnu* who 
ad mitmtcT public affairs 

Otic need not survey tbr streets with nnv 
hypercritical glance to fully realize their oon- 

dStton. With going to such thorough 

fares as Water Street West Street. Mulls-rry 
Street, or the various highways where great 
pressure of laisinrs* or the abnormally filthy 
mul reckles* eliunii trr of the inhabitants ex 
nggctuHs the general fact, tlie o-pt-n of eon* 
paratively decent thorougiifare* ia full of 
eloquence At the lime of this writing, four 
liny* after a -mu I wavy miow atom), quantities 
of sn-»w are still to lx- wen in many street*, 
and Uic smut, hlih.ar.il naallliin* which la 
find (lie pavement nre excessive. Making 
nllownttre for the unusual nb-mdi-* to street- 
cleaning work on tlie llrvi day on account of 
tlx- laugh- nf electric wire*, the pmesl limi- 
may lie considered us n typiral illustration of 
iMuniripii) neglect and Inefficiency. It i» not 
necessary to assume that lire fault lies In the 
official u ho now or lit any lime occupies tbr 
srat of Sired cleaning fommihsiouer. A 
contract system, rigidly administered and 
wi**]y ordered, might bring us well clciuted 
sin-els in its train. On Ibe other band, ibe 
city, by owning nil its own plant and instir 
ing tlie perfection of this apparatus, might 
easily acn-mplisli tbe work ilirei lly, without 
dealing with mntractots A* it i*. the sys- 
tem ia neither tUb. flesh, nor fowl, nnd mixes 
the worst elements of both plane. The con 
tractor* are comparatively irresponsible, arid 
have no profitable object in providing an 
elfliient plant to perform their funclionswith. 
and the city, only doing a |airt of lire work 
directly.cannot enforce any keen »upcrv*st-<n 
over the affair* of the drpnrlmc-nl which 
leasts to t)w- la--t result*. 

Tlie apes- lack of Ibe current ash cart is a 
wofni *ight lotiw lover of gisid order. Ram 
sborklr. uncovered, wide gafiing in its seams 
in many cases. It Is aguisl illustration of how 
not to do it. As the rude vehicle lumla-ri 
along it scatter* nslx-s and refitu.- with lavish 
gtnrmMly, anil mid* to the work of the 
street cleaning machine* and bnud-swrepers. 
Wheat we add to this the rt-i kh-sslu.-** with 
whirli all classes of population dispose of 
tlw-ir refuse and litter by dumping the un- 
sightly and unsavory material into lire pah 
lie highways, Ibe question lieisunes vastly 
more complicaied. One need nut go to Mill 
berry Street, where human pig* ilo congre 
gate In danriy packed tenements. n«*r to West 
Street, where innumerable provision simps, 
w bob-eil* and retail, empty their superfluous 
stuff intu the highway : tlie writer lias un-re 
iliati (Hire- jKxres-d llw jwlatial “lore of a great 
Broadway mcrebant early in tlie mi-rning 
and seen tbe merry porters aweepiltg the in - 
cumulated litter of n day's btialiww*- Into tl>e 
street, to lx- galbertsl up again at f uMic cx- 
penu- There i* scarcely n small ntanufae- 
lurer in Ibe city Wlio dra-.* not inqawc on the 
city tire- work of gathering up Ids waale and 
refuse. No one, ettber |Kilieeman or private 
citiren. think* It worth white to make com- 
plaint. t\ itlii.ii t attempting In cuter into tbe 
causes in this brief sketch which make the 
grrateal of American cities si foul, it i* lam 
cnlnbly true Ural our artist iu syuilxilixing 
gat biigc os king boa not attained til* fact* 
His rurtoon represent* tbe ill orocord fact in 
royal guise. A bur-ting n*li Imrrel vs till the 
staves flying apart rep res e n ts the likeness ol 
a crown. Tlx- bloated aud bcwstly face wi 
eqniin-ly suggests tbe intimate eonncciion of 
foul and stinking tlmruugbfare* with llicd" 
main of anotber allbsl [MUrniutc, King Al- 
cohol. One band of the monster holds -i 
bore* and can. tbe other tin ash can. and all 
of tbe mcesaorie* of tbe picture reprc.wot 
grajdiicnlly one of tlie greatest evils with 
w hich municipal government hns to conteud 
— a buttle, however.whidl i* fought with im 
Iscitity not witb wisdom, with the fcehlcne** 
of the dwarf, not with the vigor of the rant 
]t is to la- Imped that thr order of Mayor 
Grunt, which has brought In Ibe asaistanre 
of the Hreet cleaning I)i jutrltnent a board 
of advisers select rd from priuniiirnt ritixriu 
and men of experience and ndmltiiMiatlve 
Capaeitv. a* welt ns of s|M-ctul knowUtlge of 
tlie problem to Ik dealt w ith, tuny la* the Im- 
ginning of a new regime At all events, it 
look* like Hie first step tow aril taking tbe 
depart ment out of politics, which b a tug 
stride in the direct inn of reform and the de- 
IhruiM-tnent of Kiug Giirbage. 


THE FIRE-BOAT “NEW-YORKER." 

Is a great city, with It* miles of wharves, 
dorks, and piers on North anil East river*, 
with Itsahipl ing. it* rapidly increasing ware- 
house system, how to protect tlie extended 
New Y ork wuter-froatngi from lire requires 
nottiing sliort of the solution of n stratecie 
proMent. There l* no limit to the mechan- 
ical force. Imt tha eh-ntMit water, to quench 
lire with, under certain c ireiimslnnces is re- 
stricted. But wirii rivet* near at band, in 
closest proximity to property, whether fixed, 
a* in biiiidlng*. nr luoldte. a* in shipping, 
tin- question of the water supply no longer 
cxIbU. Put out fire* cn alert lo tire rivers, 
or streams, or cstuark-*. then, with water de- 
rived from ibutu Ualural aourcea. How Ibis 



FEBRUARY 7, 1S»1. 


HARPER'S YVEEKLT. 


103 


cun Ire best done in aIiowo in the coottnie- 
t|i in of thu lto*i. the Nt*-Y»rher, to be con- 
aidcrcd the final (h-velupau-nt of lire most ef- 
ftokeut New York Fire Departtiiitfit. 

Thu ideal flre-bont. a term qutto in opposi- 
tion to the old rendering of 11 m- tioinpiumd 
words, is one combining many qualities. 
She must be speedy, for u slow Limit live min- 
utes too lull- at a tire would be of no u*t> ill 
all To celerity of movement in all direc- 
tion* *lie ttiunl not draw too much water. 
TImiii again, in a mechanic*! tense. she must 
have powers of rraistanre. She is not to 
Ire ready now himI then. according to *cb>*|- 
tjle hours >if vailing, but must tie kept jo a 
constant stale of efficiency. As lor 12 us she 
is in service the Unit must keep stored her 
quoin of power, mid lie prepared quite as 
quickly ro. a land steam fliwngiiw to leave 
her moorings, am] start off at full spissl for 
bee work . Suggesting to Captain Imiiw Fish- 
er. the officer fit cliargr of the ifnr- forJirr, 
the possibility of clipping hawsers, as horses 
are liantnued to lire flwscngieir*. by rlertri- 
c|ty, the captain mid. " We shall he always 
prepared in Ira* tlian thirty tecond* to un- 
moor and be (.mint; at our lie.«t tail to n fire " 
There is another tYjniinin'ncv wbetv lire AV*r- 
T<*rktr will enact a some what amphibian 
pnrt Her efficiency dues not belong rxrlu- 
sivelv to a land area boumkxl within 40*1 or 
•MW feet tlf her place of action Moored .it 
Ciudlr Garden, at there was a lire at I ho 
Wtudiinulou Building. or hs high up Hr. mil 
wav as Wall Stivet. and tbs Croton should 
fail, while there was any water off the Bat- 
tery tins fire-bout could force water enough 
for a distance within 11 mile to extinguish 11 
cunlUitnitlon. The efficiency of fire-bunts in 
Itiis wax* has already irecn demonstntUsI, 

Tils? Jew J’enfcw is a steel built propeller, 
of 13 1 till tonnage. She is |3W feet long, til] 
feel beam, and draws 11 j feet. She hits a 
capacity of boilers sufficient to give her 800 
hone -power. Moved by tint Kun-ladler 
— 'rew nod swivel, the novel feature alxn.it 
this is the facility with whieli aho can be 
altered. She must revolve on her centre, as 
if she were pivotal, and she docs. To throw 
water she has eight pumps, two »r them of 
the I /a France make, the other two built in 
accordance with the Clapp mid done* system, 
To deliver the water from forward, ftoiu her 
middle, and from nstrru, fur she is water 
armed from cap i que, she has not less than 
furiy-lwu deliverer*, not count iiijj her fuiir 
water lowers. The diaitietcm of lire*- vari- 
ous deliveries vary from 8J to 7 inches. It 
W ould ms-io a simple question to answer bow 
» vee-cl of thin kind, built to throw water on 
all side*. is to receive her water. When ac- 
complishing her beat, by exact cnirulitlion 
site will throw lit. Out) gdfuii* of water » niin- 
utc, not collating her water lowers, which 
would wnd forth <W«0 gallons more. Think 
of over 57 tons of wntrr to lie liurh-ti 0111 of 
iunuIcs every minute, aud at a "(ansi uf Pitt 
fret per second. It out at oneu la- under 
*KhhI Unit although (he river supply »» incx 
hnusiildn, to take it from one or two orifices 
Would require, through friction, sq cnorniou* 
powrr. nnd. therefore, much loss of forte. It 
would he a case uf misapplied energy. One 
of tire most interesting points io this Ixeil Is 
her method of receiving Lite water supply. 
She carries constantly nil llte water she uses, 
even when expending it in the most lavish 
manner. Thu Actr ) »d»r has 11 double skin, 
the outside one perforated with an inlinitu 
□ umber of small holes. There coitm* Id here 
a very pretty calculation aa to the number 
and diameter of these holm. Taking them 
altogether as lu areas, they are just three 
time* larger tbun the arms of the main sup- 
plies to the eight pump*. No mailer, for 
iliat torrent of I I4.1MI pounds of wafer tear- 
ing mil every minute there are always in re- 
serve 114 tons of wild water, and it comw 
into tin- main reservoir in a natural manner, 
without friction, break, or want cunt In ally 
All around the inside of the IhiaI is a l.-q- 
1 uch copper tulw. which receives its water 
from the pumps, This tula- is mi atrangisl 
that tire water may be delivered to any one 
or tu tin' whole of the nutlets. 

In noe/lca 1 In-re is no end of Ingenuity, for 
the single delivery ones can I*- converted 
into w'hal are known as Siamese in a twin 
Id tug The pit fell ly ediM-utcri fireman Is at 
rotbuhiastir. about the ni'O.li-s he u«o as 
would Ik- a violinist In regard to lint fiddle- 
bows. lie has known through itip'rii nrc 
the value of all tlltuc contrivances. There 
was once a limit as to delivery of water, quan- 
tity being exunudnred, awl hum, hut today 
the Fire fV|a»rt«m)iit, Hi rough careltil study 
and potrlicc, have wiiniouriti-d all material 
dilllculiie*. The tun; thing, lire overcoming 
of the friction of water, which retunls it. is 
the great problem. and that, with gravita- 
tion, will ever remain our masters. 

Kiit «ich a contingency us mi Uolalcsl ship 
on fire. whi-Tc water is to lie tumbled into 
her with lUth iv-gnr.l to forre, mid nl short 
distance, a centrifugal pump will Ik- >im-i 1. 
and the quantity (if water thus delivered 
would be lu) grvat o» to not only extinguish 
lire fir* i(l the hold of 11 skip Irul to sink her 

On Imtli shies of the deck abaft are corru- 
gated iron screens or blindages Tinier thu 
pratMtloa of these shield*, which have »liis 
for veeing tluvaigh, ami round a|ievtuiM for 
noz/.les to ta; wurktsl In, the firemen could 
work right into n dock or dust- up to a ship s 
side* if they were abtsre. 

If water towers are eflicirril on the land, 
they must tie equally * o on the water-front, 
where aomettnas there are huildinga but a 


few fis t from the river-aide. Carrying 73 
t<ms uf coal, steaming a full lit knots un hour, 
with a nimplement of 24 mrti, including offi- 
cers, lltc capabilities uf every hand mi lltO 
jViv- 1 'orlsrr having tas-n nlreadr tented, • 
new awl strung element uf publkr safely liae 
la-cn added to tin- efficiency of the New York 
Fire llejatrttueiit, and, us far as is known, for 
thl» ‘jiccinl w rvUv. then; bus never been Ini ill 
licn-tofore- any eraft having the |airtkular 
advantages of the .Veic- Ywbtr. 



HARVEY B. DO D WORTH. 

IIskvkt H. Dnttwotrrir. wm» died on the 
.-till of .lainisrv.eiinieii for himself in a re- 
ntal liable way a national reputation When 
lu> father nnd lus four sous - Allen, llurver, 
Chark-s, mid Jcftemoit — emigrated to tills 
country from England in 1835. of military 
hands in the l.'uited Slates there were prac- 
tically none, Thomas Hodwortlt. the father, 
saw the opportunity, nnd organUnl in IKfJ 
the t-incc fainoua " Dml worth Hand " In 
those days— and. in fact, in our own time— 
tlm leader of a military inmi is n pubUo per- 
Mmngr. nnd has a geunine following uf eu 
tliuslaatic admirers. The sithjrvt of this 
sketch was burn in Sheffield, England, in 
1W. 1 , nnd canm to this country when about 
tim e years old. He was attached, with all 
his brother*, to the hand til 11 very early age. 
but ww)ii Is-comc llni rccogi>i«st Ivaiter and 
diier.iur of lire- orgunir.nl ion. In the fifty odd 
vesirs uf lilt career as lu nd master lie had 
lavn mttnreied with every reps rale military 
ut'giini/Htioii a ml regiment in mid about New 
York city, Among the -‘old-timer*” were 
the Baxter Blue- Tumpkin* Hines, City 
BImm, f.igbi Guard, < ily Guard, and the sur- 
vivor of nil thewe. (lie prerent fiumnts Old 
Q Hard. 

In 1WB llie Thirteenth Hegimetil of Brook- 
Irn deuorated him with the fifty years' ser- 
vice *tri|w, tut inmost unknown duttinetUm. 
(luring (tie war of the rebellion Mr. Dod 
worth was exltiiordiiiarily active on I* hall 
uf Hie governutent. fiimuJiitig tt with over 
fifty blind tn lister* mid nearly five liitiKlrvd 
musH'iuns, nil without any profit to himself. 
At lire cJooe of the war it was proposed to 
make him Bund master io Chief of the Cubed 
State* iirniv. This ruuk. however, did uot 
exist tait n-veral of the New- York Congres- 
sional deh-catlon offered to have it created 
ns u reward fur hi* unexampled services ti> 
(be guveniinent. Mr. DiKlwortli. however, 
declined reluctantly to entertain the Idea, as 
it would have destroy isl lire husittes* he hud 
lat aired wt bard to e*tablt.-li Mr I>ml worth 
also introduced park music into thi* city. hU 
linn efforts living at the City Hull at hi* own 
npcDM; afterward when tnuaic htcnmc a 
]icrmiineut itialiluliuli in Ceutral I'ark he was 
miide band master, nnd (vintlttned nn such 
twenty four years. From Hod worth's Baud 
graduated iii-xirv tJiusielni" of prewilt proud 
ih iut.siicIi ns Thomas, Cappo, Never, Itehm. 

I Mod 11 1 aster at Wrel Put lit for twenty four 
rears, nnd 11. L. Downing, cte. He ats» 
brought out Signor Llbrrslt, the well- known 
corm-list. tlie lh nui. etc . etc. 

In uld times the AniericBD haods catuisled 
principally uf bugle*, and ihett fur a while 
of “ silver cornels. ” Mr. Dndwonh revoht- 
(loom'd all tilts: intt winced reed insl/u- 
nicnt*. Mixoptinne*. boss clarinet*, ami circu- 
lar doulifi* B busaca. la Ibe Utter countulioo 
tin excel lent story may ho told of Mr. Hod- 
wurth's exja*rience with the UU: lamented 
Colonel "Jim" Fi»k. formerly cvilooel cunt- 
innniiiiiir Ninth Krgiunii. K.O., S.X.V. 
About two week* before hi- sudden and 
untinvely <h'iui*e Cotutiel Fl*k sent for Mr, 
IhKliiMith aud fttinounccd hi* lutenlion of 
rci-rganixiug the Ninth Iteginu-nt lamd -rum 
hundred pieces, and two rows of circular 
double It haMcs to luwd the bund! Ilk Vallk 
Mr. DixlworUi tirxjtrvted they would over- 
imlniKv llte ImixI. Tire culoirel dwlnrud he 
did not give a — whether any not' blown! 
Ilirvuigh them or not, but they’shuuld lie-ad 
hi* Isiiul! Ao iinpiMing spcmiu'lc' NoUiing 
like It in the World! Just wlikt CuIobcI Fi-k 
delighted in' Mr Dmlwnnh. «*-i«g the cid- 
irle I would take llo ilenisl. ill iskt <qiened 
tvgutiaii'in* with flnow-y to anpply the In- 
-l mm* at*; but in the iik-sii time there- wits a 
fun* thI. and *ul»4*nit-nily n trial for murder. 
And tbus New York and the Ninth Iicgimcnt 
liMt an opportunity nf owning the not amt 
military bund on ewrUi. If Fisk bad lived 


he would have Iwcu n leiuler in musical cir- 
elc*. With hi* lulmliHtli.iu fur bram in the 
lamd. he might have developed into a Wag. 
nerlte of tlx 1 i*hm rabid iv|kv 

Dodwortir* Band is iDilisHilubly linked 
with all the great national occasion* for the 
oast fifty vmni, furnisbing music f»ir all Ibe 
Pre-ihluntul inaugurations within that peri- 
ial. the iqvuint' of lire Erie ItailiTiud, tire 
eelrlitMtiiMi attendant on the 1 omplrtiou of 
tire At but lie odik, Prirn-e of Wale*'* visit, 
and lire lour of lire Jaiiniirw- KmlisM.y, York- 
town Omcnuisl, etc.. «lc„ etc. 

Mr. Ibid worth wit* also a prolific <<un|xi>*T 
of band music, and arrangement* also of all 
tire popular opera.* of the day. hi* wa* also 
the llrvt military hand to re-mlrr Wagner'* 

The p*M eight yearn Mr. 1 tod worth hud 
been prartictiHy retired from public Night 
Last summer hr riw-i with n laid fall, winch 
resulted io pamlynia of tire left side ; siacc 
tin- seddent he hi»l Wi n hii invalid, but had 
only taken to hi* l*d a few week* before 
bin death. In appearance Mr. f a *1 worth 
whs alxiut tire average »j*e. ralhrr thick wt 
Ilian otlu-rwire. aud of n remarkably unxlesi 
mul gr-niid rhanicter. It was nlnnyh a source 
of w ondrr to his illlllltale* wlieute cnini- Lis 
really great popularti v , hi never s|wt» of 
himself, nor of hi* afrairx, nor in any wnr 
aougbt for mcentrlcitMM notice ; liut Ire n truck 
11 popular win, and it made his fame world- 
wide. 


THE UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

Thu conic* for the Kansas 8enator«4ilp 
which hits just been hroitglil In a close hits 
attracted aallonsl attetitioit ami intetvt-l to a 
mtuirknhle degree, Several eirrmnstatiee* 
combined to render it more than ordinarily 
noteworthy. In the flret platv. Senator Iii- 
gall* i* a man of nnirkctl individuality, nnd 
iM-uph- an (itntmllMii poaitkm Mpnwi 
dent f<n> fiatpore of tin; Srtute. In tire «ec- 
oud place, Kiutaas I* tire State lu which (he 
revolution wrought by tin- Farmer*' Alliance 
is must conspicuous. Perhaps the most re- 
innrkiihtc thing of all Im* I men the nppnreni 
uneertatiity whether tire tanners, notwitli- 
sinudlng tlieir char majority over nil In tire 
Kiutsas I-egishitiire, would Ire nldtt lu defeat 
Mr. Ingalls ami elect their own candidate 
Most extraordinary measure* were lujopted 
by tire Alliance lo inMtre the loyalty of ilreir 
memlicrv They were ttUcndsd hy i» " Iredy- 
gturd ' of Alliance men fnmi the time thev 
Icft theli home* until Judge Pelft-r was filially 
elected, nppircn-l v for fear b-*l the tvpresen 
tat Jvcs of "'tire mutin' iHMSer" nte.’iili.l gel 
hold of them and lr.rtu.mrc ilreir vote* 

Tire new Semitor comes uf - PranaylvaDia 
Dotrli “ »t«-k. having treen l*.ru in oimbsr- 
Intid County, Priinsylvniiia. Sepleatlk-T 10. 
18*1. He iiil.-u.le.l ilw> common tchoola as 
a boy. and at lire age of fifteen Ix-catuc a 
test-tier. After f»t»r year* of tettddiig be 
went to ( ’aliftwuiu to hunt for gold, lie was 
more successful llinki the inujority of llte Ar 
gomtiils. and in IH53 returned to 1 Vtnml va- 
nia for a wife, nnd settled oil a farm oenr 
CrawfordKvillc. Indinmi. Here lie bret lire 
uioncy Ire bad made in California, and .nice 
morn removed . this tlnre to ttouthirt-*icrn 

Missouri. When the war broke out, Mr Pcf* 
Ter enlisted in lire Highly Ihlrd Illinois Vol- 
unteer*, and served until June 3>l, 1805, 
mainly as quarter -mailer, adjutant, aud 
judge advocate. From this Inst office he de- 
rived the title of Judge, t.y which lit i* famil- 
iarly known. 

After the wt»T closed. Mr. IVffcr aeltlnl at 
tlnrksville, Tennessee, and huving klinlied 
law while In tire txnny. begun U* pracUre. 
In IK70 be removed to Wilv.n County, Kan 
w, wtu-re ire took up n claim, and trhsl farm- 
iog again . T wo year* Inter lie changed bt* res 
iiler.ee I.. Fmloniu. K*tv*n«, where be retati- 
lbsiietl the weekly Fmhmiu JvnrmaL Min- 
ing again, lie ret up the Coffey vtlle Juhrunl. 
and lived in Coffav villa till ISUO. w-rvltig 
nieaiitiine one term in the Slate St-nate n» n 
ltcpilhhcan He served al**i n* delegate to 
lire National Kepubllatn Convention uf IMStt 
Thai same year he removed u. Tojrek*. aud 
look ehurge of tire A'-nv*-.* Hi r.it/f. of * It i' ll 
Ire afltt ward beratne the proprietor. When 
the Alliance movement liegiin. he went into it 
heartily, aud lus piper »» v. ry IbSuiIU 
in twinging alw.ut the mens* of tire people -. 
jHirty last NovemlK-r. 

The eleelioH of Mr. Pcffer lut* been enthu- 
siastically welroflied by Allinune men in all 
fatrta of the country, and hit* greatly eireour- 
ngvd litem in their political action. It Is 
one of tire great**! purely p.*litl<wl victories 
they have won unn will doubtless tend to 
strengthen the third- parly iiiuveuretit In that 
body. 

Senator Pkrce. of North Dakota, may- 
well (snirhulc that republics are tin grate fill. 
Only a few month- ago he wa* elected tire 
first Senator from (lie new State uf North 
Dakota almost without »|*|SJ-illon. N»w lu: 
*cv* hi* term already expiring, and anolbt-r 
matt chosen to lie hi* ^UCCOMOr. 

Tire b«w Sermtur. Henry C. IliiiixLin.uy'h. 
has hn.1 n varied nnd interest ing carve r. Ll kc 
mnuy of hi* col leaguca in tire Fifiv « iund 
Congrvw. Ire is a ocw*|*|x-r mnn. luiug at 
pre.-s.-nt the pul.lislrer.if tire Devil'* Lake /»- 
err- (W ish. Mr. ilaiLshmogh wn* bora at Piui 
rJe du Hucltev. Huudolph C.uiuty. Illinois, 
January ItU, 1H4S, nnd there attended tire pub- 
lic school. In lWMt. at the age of eighteen, 
be removed to California, and there lea rood 


the printer's trade, During the year* 1N01J- 
711 he publh.bt.-ii a daily pn|«r at San Jo**'. 
From Sun .low' 1 lie went to S«*n Fruiti-isc*.. 
and wits fora lime news (stilur of tire CArau 
refr In 1*711 he went to Chiosgu. and later 
to Wisconsin, where Ire pulaish.-.J the Burs- 
Uh. BulUtiu. Three years Imer Ire moved 
iiguin. settling finally at Devli n laske. where 
Ire Inis since remit inc.l. llo lias Ireen Iwuxi 
elected Mayor of the city, won 11 delegate to 
the Kc t-vit.lln.il Nnlinniil Couvenlion in law*, 
nnd was eh. neu nieir.trer >>r the National He 
inihhiiiut C'ommillee for North Dakota. 

Mr II«ciNhr.»iL'li wna one of lire curl lust 
nnd tuoat prr*Utei.l mul promiirenl advf<wles 
of the divktiuti of Dakulu and the adminsioH 
•>f (he tmrilM'tit part a* .. State, nod it w»< 
largely dire to his labor* In this end that Ire 
was made the He publican ttiunkiree for Hep 

resell lu live in tin- Fiftvtir*! Congre**. lie 

wn* elecled by >1 vote of Ofi.UTT, to I3,00fi for 
Mnrnita. the Dent.x-rulic n. uni nee. and has 
nerved in this c.-ntm-** to tire iipixirciii a»ti»- 
fuctioB uf the people of his State. 

Aiming the Senator* istktln! this winter 
is John II. Miicbdl, of Oregon. Mr Mitchell 
Lie. la-ett iu juiblle life 1 * long time, anil In.* 
held nainv |ao*itian« of public tru*;. He wa» 
lawn in \\ashingtoti Count v, IVnnsy Iranw. 
June Si. IK'tV aud educutctf nt lire eomotou 
Ml bon I, hy private tuition, nnd |b the l-w 
Mjrenl. He was admitted to the bar. and re- 
moving to California, practised lrtw first in 
Km Luts Obispo, and afterward iu Sun Frau- 
eiaeo. lit PM0 he removed I o Portland. 4 Ire 
gun. nnd lienune prominent in poll lira aim. at 
nt r.oeo. In lafil he was elected (.'ontoralion 
AUoraey, and 11 year afterwnr.i 1.1 the Stain 
Somite, and served In thul body four year*, 
the la« two a* President of the Senate He 
wnt csunnilnsiotiL-il Lieutenant Colootl in lire 
State militia iu 1*15. In IKlft he was a cate 
d'slatu for I'niled Stair* Srontor, and wn* 
di’frtilcsl in tire ruucus by only otto vote. 
From IStt: to l«l Mr Mitchell stuved us 
PnfMor of Mod leal Jnrlattrudencw in tire 
WilUniHle L'uiveraiiy at Salem. In 1873 Ire 
whs chore® Untied States Senator and nevreal 
one term. Again a ramlutalc f.ir (he same 
position III lftKi, he wa* ngiuo defeated, alter 
11 long dead lock, hut war ch.Mcn iu iretfj to 
-Hosts! Janies 11. Slater. Democrat, who hud 
in IHTB siierr.-ded bim. Mr Mitelioll Is om- 
sidered an able man and a good politician, 
hut he Im* not IjM-n ««pK Inlly prominent In 
lire Semite either a* nil orator or a committee 
worker. 

Senator Jorre*. of Arkunuis. is r.tre of tire 
quieter and less coB*plc3H«l» nieinlx-rs on tin- 
Denmcrnlk siilr.exm-pt when anything come* 
up that ooaoevBN hi* »wu State." Then lie I* 
alway* on liaud, ready to ' duly the alh'gs- 
tloti inn I defy lire allexntur " 

Jumes K. .lone* was U-rn iu Marahnll 
County. Mississippi, BepteaiUr 39. I<ifi. lie 
ircrivisi n ehissii'nl edu.atioB, and wren ufn-r 
attaining hi* majority enlisted a* n ptivatv in 
the Confederate army, him! served dining tire 
war ill that lapucitv. After fieaiv Wn* 
inlillshed he lived <01 lus pluntailon until 
I K73, when lie wa* cImm-ii Io lire Mote Senate, 
atid was a member of ihnt Ixidy when tire 
Slate Conatitulional Convention w*« calhsl. 
He Wits re-elected under the provisions «f tile 
new Constitution, and in 1877 txsjnnw |"tr»i 
dent of lire ArkanuL* -senate In 18811 Ire whs 
elected a Representative in Cringrere. and wa* 
rv-dcctcd the Forty-eighth and Foriy-niDili 
Ccmgrewre*. VVlu-B the term of SenWot Jain.-* 
D Walker expirisl in tKH5, Mr. Jones, after 11 
lively Lxinte*t In cauiu*. waa clrewti a* hi* 
weetotor. There wn* nn special u]>[Hjaitl«j(l 
to hi* re-elcelion thb year. 


THE FLEET. 

It wa* long ago that my dream ship* 
tailed 

Day by dnv to that shadowy *e»: 

Aud I wuldted each one till my viiJon 
fuih'l 

And the *hip« wrrr loot in myatery. 

S.uiM.'titiM'* n rosc-bued and billowy cloud 

Sliut out my view ere lire alitp went f;tr. 

Rut often Ute darkm-re would *eem to 
khruud 

Tire vwatl before alio CTPMcd tbe bnr. 

They * idled at the aunset, every ouc , 

Tlrey Killed away on tbe ebbing tide. 

botnet line* ii brave vcreel went out alum'. 

And again two tailed forth aide by »idr. 

I left tlrem nloire in tbe liaud* of Fate; 

Pniyctl *he would make llrem rtrnliiy ; 

And many a time did 1 wateb and wait 

Fur my fieri to return from tbe *ea 

Then my lust ship siiilssl— for my dn-tm* 
were done— 

And I grieved that my ship* came nut 
back . 

But t.oly lost night at lire net of *uu 

I s*w a nm*t o'er tlie waMcle** trai k 

And the twilight uitftlft gave away nnd 
made 

A pathway lit with the- H Mot's beam. 

Aud a sliip Ntilod in through the twiligfit 
shade. 

Aim! hrougltl lauk to toe a youthful 
dream. 


Flaviu. &COIT Mixes. 



104 


HAJiPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17Sl. 



THE KtREHOAT ••NEW.YORKER.''-Dluwx BT W. P. SXTBBH.— [Sbb Paol 1W.J 


Digitized by Google 



FEBRUARY 7, 18*t 



Digitized by Google 


105 


JAJUW K. JUNKS. or ARKANSAS.— Fana . Pi.oto«i»ri, 
n Hsu, Wuuiun«.-|kn I "aim Ml | 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17SI 


me 


THE SIOUX REBELLION. 


THK FINAL 1IKVIKW. 

1‘nRRR were many Minim; ami grandly 
picturesque Scene* at Fin# Kidgc (luring the 
riming day* of Hie Ini* campaign against tire 
gkoMlldm B Ims. but Iht MUM MMI nl>- 
norliinu Interest w«* the final W*li'W hy G*n- 
* till MUc* of hi* K500 soldier., who had march- 
ed through saml-Hunn* and blizzard* In order 
to complete the cordon of bayonet* that wo* 
lo slowly drive tilt- ravages to uucuodition. 
al wiirender, Tbe night l adore llte review, 
liarangitcra. with little im-dictac bug* lied 
about their atmnge garment*. wont through 
Hhi village* of Hie hostile and mil Ini HruU'x 
and Hit- jwiuvable Ogtdkala*. telling tiieir [ieo. 
pit- of the miliiarv demonstration which woe 
t.. lake place in IM morning. 

When the min came up, the ridges skirting 
the agency to the (Ml and wr»t were frinmtl 
with Indian*. wIk> looked like A nth sheik* 
In llreir while duels and hooded head*. Not 
it npnr was to In- sera among all lllBM 
ghostly figure* . so distinctly outlined against 
tin: horizon. Statuesque and haughty. the 
warriors Monel watching the dying columns 
of oavnlrymeit and the explosive efforts of 
llte can nonee rs an llsey urged iheir animals 
into Jute. Down in the same valley, where 
llte troop* were hurriedly preparing for their 
Miaiueuvres, hut nearly a mile nway to the 
north, were the great Indian villages. with 
the sqtiaws corralling their thousands of po- 
nies. a« a precautionary measure against any 
pineilite lent He demonstration on ilie part of 
the nrmy. 

General Mile* was not in uniruitu as lie sat 
astride a hig coal Mack I torse, which flood on 
the crest of a knoll on the right flank i>r the 
advancing column of soldiers. Even his 
three starred epaulets. the only evidence* of 
his rank. were beneath a great overcoat which 
wits Iium. ini'd almost lo ills ears. liM ns the 
column, wlili screaming trumpets, licgan to 
pass General Miles, a furious wild Mornt 
swept through the valley. It cloaked the 
silent Indian villages in a yellow, swirling 
shroud, and then tearing along as though 
bliiwii front u funnel, pierced the most corn 
poet lines of infantrymen who were march- 
tug with it swinging striilc behind f'ulouel 
Shatter From their perclies on the summits 
r>f the snow Decked butte*. the bonded wnr- 
riots mu-i have thought that the long line of 
men and Itorws lielow hud stampeded, for 
that terrible tnncnl of wind completely 
cloaked the army to the vision of those who 
were alwve the (dienonicnal current of nir. 

There wns no cheering dating all Uw limn 
the great column pa**eii iu review. Now 
and then General Miles’s blnck hat went off 
to the Hash of a saluting sabre held by a 
nut tiled figure that vs** crouching before the 
choking blast, hut It was not until the Sixth 
Cavalry, with grim old General Carr at iw 
bond, passed in review llrtit the idol of the 
Indian fighter* showed tbe keen interest he 
wits taking in the iii-niori*lnition. Again 
and ugnin hi* black sombrero fell as (.birr a 
sword gleamed from bin fur cap to Ills spurn. 
Anil when the black scowling faces of the 
Ninth Cavalry pressed in cluoe linos l»- Irani 
glittering cnrWtres Jteld at a salute. General 
Miles waved Id* gloved hand to Colonel 
Henry, wluue guunl figure was almost lost 
in the folds of In* buffalo overcout. Three 
weeks la-hire, these black lioopers rode 1 00 
milrs without fowl iw sleep to »avo tbe Sev- 
enth cavalrymen, who were slowly (•ting 
crushed hv 'the Sioux in the valley al the 
( ’atbollc Mission. Tlw-n they daslicd through 
the flank* of the ravages. and after sweeping 
tine ridge* with carbine and pistol, lifted the 
white troopers out of the poc kot with such 
grace that after the lotitlc- was over the men 
of bull regiment* bugged one another on 
lire tiefil. 

When lire tntmpcters of lire Seventh ('av- 
airy got in front of General Mile* they hlcw 
a shrill blast, and posted on into the blinding 
storm. Then the musicians from Angel Isl- 
and played "Garrvowcn, ' Thi* wna Custer* 
charging music, and a* the fatuous regiment 
enure over the yellow knolls in company 
front anil carbine* at a salute, the horses la- 
gan to dance lo the ImaUtiblc melody. Ma 
jor VYlilloMe wns in inmmnnd. lie had no 
sword, lull he waved his hand General 
Miles’* emotion wan now *n intense lltat Ire 
hong liis hat on tbe |Kjinmcl of hi* saddle, 
and let lire storm lo— hU gray hair a* fur as 
it pkuiKtsl. Tlic capes of tire trooper* were 
Hung lack, exposing thn lemon colored lin- 
ing". and tire fur caps were tied In such a 
way under tire clilu that they gave the wind- 
t muled face* a peculiarly grim expression. 
The ncjira of three days' fighting were pluio- 
l> visible In till* grand regiment. 

There were men inl*‘iug in every tmop. 
and poor Captain Wallace and brave Lieu- 
tenant* Maim amlGarilngion were also gone. 
A second lieutenant, with n bandaged bead, 
was the only officer of little K Troop; anil 
bringing up the rrar wns 11 Troop, with one 
third of ll* men either In gravis or hospital 

The column wax almost pathetically grand, 
with It* bullet pierced gun-carriage*. it* tat 
tcreil gulden", ai»l it* long lines of trooper* 
and f is it soldier* facing n storm that was id 
nwaii unheuralib'. It wns the gratwlcst item 
onstralion by tire army ever scon in tire Wot; 
ami when the -oldicr* had gone to their tents, 
lire sullen uni) suspicious llrul#* were still 
stiuiding like statue* on the cruets of tlic 
hills. 


O. EXTRA t, MILES OX TUB CAMPAIGN. 

Before General Miles left l*iDC Hitlge Agen- 
cy for hi* home in Chicago he uxortaaed loin 
self as being greatly | denned with the out- 
come of tire iidliturv campaign against the 
rebellious and fanatical element of the Sioux. 
So far back a* lust rummer General Ml lea 
hod strong proof that the sixteen great tribe* 
of ImllnoH in the Northwest, representing 
1(10.000 souls, contemplated ranking reprisal* 
Tor their years of suffering frem the policy 
of neglect olawrvcd br the government in it* 
treat ineot of them. Tire conspiracy Involved 
such irreconcilable* iu Sitting-Hull’, Kicking- 
Bear, llig Fool, uiul.lt Is said. old Med ('loud, 
who i* now nearly blind. Omtnl Miles ad- 
mit* that tire gluisl dunce, which eventually 
Inflamed nearly nil tire young men In tire 
great Sioux nation, wax merely' a cloak fur 
tbe plot which was to have burst when lire 
guts* got gti-cn. and snuffed out the live* of 
hundreds of unprotected settlers living in i*o- 
I a ted place* on the frontier Tire killing of 
Hitting Hull anil the speedy and masterful 
concentration of troop*, however, demoral 
ized the conspirators, anil wlul was to have 
lawn the most stupendous uprising in the 
history of Indian warfare Ik-ciuhc a stampede 
of nearly 3000 Brule*, 3500 Ognllalas, and 
1000 UncaputMW from tlic Standing Mock ami 
Cheyenne Itiver agencies. Big- Foot, who 
pyrtmpe w** tire Brtiul lender of the fanatical 
Northern Sioux after lire death of Silliug- 
Bull. wa* slain, with nearly all of In* baud, 
ill an cngngeiirent with the Seventh Cavalry 
at Wounded Knee. Till* awful slaughter 
again awed lire boetitea. and made it easier 
for Genvinl Mile* lo treat w ith them. 

General Mile*, however, ie discreet in talk- 
ing about this tcrrihU' lml lit*, hut it i* known 
Unit be Mill considers Colonel Forsyth* dis- 
position of the tnxi|Mi before the firing began 
as fnulty, and iu direct violation of his In- 
struction*. Tire report* on which the com- 
manding general ordered the suspension of 
C'olouel Forsyth indicate that the soldiers 
formed a parallelogram nla.ut the Indian*, 
and that In the confusion which followed 
tire first volley from the Sioux there muH 
have been tre-uper* who fell from tbe cross- 
fire of their comrade--. With tire exception 
of this mistake, if aucll it shnll he proved. 
Gt-trernl Mile* Inu nothing but praise fur the 
conduct of officers and men. While (Icploc 
ing the killing of non txmilnisnta. Ire ha* 
Us n conviiusMt that in toe frightful h.xnd-ln- 
hnud fight, which rngeil for fifty minutes iu 
a dense smoke, it would have Ux-n impossi- 
ble to make any disrtimlnalian niuong lire 
luaided Ksvages who flung themrelves against 
the soldier*.’ 

General Mile* has some very poeitlro opin- 
ion* ax to the government’s treutment of tire 
Indian* and Its duty in tbe present crtMs. It 
i* hi* firm I relief that an liuimn can he nude 
submissive by feeding and clothing him prop- 
erly. If tbe redskin* received all tliey are 
entitled In, there would not Ire. in the opinion 
of General Mile*, nny more outbreaks like 
the one of the past throe months. It cnata 
Ic-s money to fetsl an Indian than it <loea to 
fight liim. iind tire result* are better nil round. 
General Milt* is also in ftivur of the sjrecdy 
and lils-rnl adjustment of the claim* of thoao 
Indian* who remained loyal to lire govern- 
ment. and who hi*t every tiling lait the Icpem 
ill which they now live by the raid of the 
g bo*-t dancing h.«-tilv* who lirokeaway from 
the Moseliud and Nortlrem ngtincini. If an 
Indian Is to lose Ida cabin, hi* borwa. and 
hi* row* for being loyal lo the government, 
and then be compelled pi sit in mjualor nmi 
misery until the udministmlinn make* up ita 
too frequently sluggish mind lo reitubuiM' 
him. there should Ire no surprise, in tire opin- 
ion of General Mile*. If the neglected sufferer 
turned ravage, and nought lire sport tire Brule* 
in the present campaign have enioyed with- 
out punishment, and almost without hln- 
derancc. 

Geireral Miles i* also of the belief that tire 
chance* of further -rouble, in the spring can 
he minimized bv the removal to distant ter- 
rliory of some t»f tire leaden of the irrecon- 
cilable element, iu wa* done with tbe Apache* 
In the Houihwvwt. 

ClUKl.KS G. SKVMOl'H. 


TUB S Trent or WOCXOBO KNBti- 

Tire Seventh Cavalry hail Inin in enmp at 
Pine lti-lge front lire '.'7i It November till tire 
■Jtlth Deoctnbtir, INW>. when tin onltT tamn 
wltirli sent our First Hniulion lo do impor- 
tant work Wr got tire onler nt IS M and 
■bout dark that abort winter dny were in 
comp on Wouodcd Knro Creek, eighteen 
miles awny. 

Two llotchkiM gun*, manned Iryan offlorr 
and ten men or Buttery K, First Artillery, 
arrocn|t*nicd U«- Men and office r» were In 
fine spirits, arid fouiMl nothing to regret hut 
tin- absence of bcml quarter" and the Second 
Batudion, who tincl ln-en left to endure the 
monotony of Pine MUlire 

Each littalino lias four troop* Thr Fir*t. 
to which I I ".-long, is c>>imiiandei] hv Major 
s M Whlt*We, mid ut Wouutlod Kra-c hud 
232 men ami ten officers. < >f the men, eighty - 
oire were Dew, but little trained ax stddrer*. 
mid not ut all us mark -itren. Thirty eiglt t hud 
Joined at Plow Ridge only a few day- bef-tre 
they were called on to IlgliL Prior to ihi* 
•atiijHiicn ■ igbiy fix- per cent. t>f our tnen 
hail »een uotliiug of Indians — indeed laid no 
knowledge of tlrem beyond what U usually 
iH-'iiuired at home by city or country lioyx of 
their clatx and station. 


Our main arm i* the Springfield earhine. 
which I* Dot a tUtiguzint- gun. 

Major WhiUlde wit* ordered to enpturr. 
and diranm Big Foot's loind of Minnecoti- 
joux Sioux, or, in event of ilreir ri-*i*tanev. 
M destroy tlrem Tin- Sioux Indun is noted 
for hi* cxreeding litlretrexa, agility, dexu-iity 
with wenpoDs. skill u« a inurksumn. nnd »ur 
pawing horrenvandtip For geireiattonx Ire 
lire- been a limiter, mid pnsst-sres hy iiiherit- 
unco all the ku.-rek rtqulretl iu outwitting 
am I securing every kiml of game. No ani- 
mal. however shy or watchful. I* safe acalnsl 
the quirk, stealthy approacdi uf tire Sioux 
Indian. This talent waa well 5]|u*tn»ii«l in 
the wounding of l.ientenant J. I) Maim 
He wns eomiuaiiding his troop in skirmish 
litre along b protnlncnl ridge. About a huu 
dreil yard* to his left mid rear, mid running 
from the crest down the slope, wh* it "light 
depression whaseexistence no one suspected, 
A few Indian" cn|*ltd ulotig tbi*. mid gave 
us a volley partly enfilading ami partly in re- 
verse. A detachmeul win sent there at 
once, bat raw no one. 

Big Font's band waa the worst of their 
race, and had they been diutmt**). would 
have been sent an prisoner* of wnr in Gor- 
don, Nebraska, ami thence liy rail to a di* 
tunt point. They Is-longerKut die < Ireyenne 
Agency, and were trying to peirelnilc our 
line* ami loin tl«- hoaillcx in tire lUd Lands 
of White Itiver. (hi leaving home they hnd 
rut up their harness, broken tlrelr wagons, 
ami shown clearly their intention of going to 

The 27th nnd 2Wh Dedmbrr were devot- 
ed to scouting lire country mi triMi tiding our 
ramp on Wounded Kin*-. But no trace of 
the Indians could he found until about noon 
of the DBtb, when a scout rrported they were 
only fourteen mile* awar. We were soon 
mounted, and after a rapid Hot of an hour 
uml a half, raw them on higti ground two 
mile* in our front. A mile further we di* 
mimnted, and formed line on a crest, The 
Indian* moved torwant. bucks on borM-back 
in hmg line in front, women nnd chihirrn in 
wagons or travels in rear. They iBipluyed 
tire white flag— a fabe cm Idem'. n» shown 
next day. 

Deducting an officer utnl I wen tv five men 
left to guard camp, nnd ini'luding Lieutenant 
II. L. Hawthorne mid the detachment of nr 
tillery.our force am<ainted to 2i"i men and 
ten office rs. leaving one -fourth of the 
troojw-rv to hahl horse*, our line of battle 
bad 170 men and ten officers. 

Suddenly appeared indication* of di*pcr- 
slou Id tire right wing of the hostile line, urn] 
several bucks broke off and galU>i».-<! to our 
left. It looked like tin- Ixginninc of trou- 
ble. But when stcrolv called to and motion- 
ed back, they returned, ami nil sign* of scat- 
tering d happen rtd Experienced officers 

pronounced the Indian* • a suucy set.” nnd 
quietly warned tire oohlieni to lie ready. 
After n short ranferenro Big- Foot xurn-iiili r- 
tsl hi* breml, declared bis lirwrt was good, and 
that he loved the pale-face*. There were 120 
warriors, well armed and supplied with am- 
munition They were escorted lo oar camp, 
ntrer which ground was atxignr<l for their 
vitlsge. A wall lent with stove wns net up 
for the chief, who wns sick, and ration* wcri- 
glveii lil« people to the numlret of fiW soul* 
At nightfall the village wax em-irclcd hy sen- 
tinels. with orders to permit neither exit nor 
cntrancr. Seven day* btfore these event*, 
thi* blind h id been captured bv a battalion 
of tire Eighth Cavalry, under "Major E V 
Sumner. They escaped the first night, nnd 
ronduchri their nmn-h with hucIi nkltl that 
the Itimt zealous ami cxtcmled (coutiug fatl- 
«i to diaoover any trace of them. General 
Brooke hnd offered twenty-live dollar* to any 
«eout who found them, and bit offer had 
been doubled by tbe report# i* of the prv**, 

Un the evening of lire 28th it wa* quite 
natural that nil should to merry in our camp. 
Officer* and men were delighted that Big- 
Foot wax found anti captured. The main 
ohilarle in the way to early and pear* able 
adjustment wax apparently removed. Home 
and comfort Mocmnd n*-*r at ImdiI. OfBceiS 
"aid and felt they would ratlar shoulder a 
gun and do duty n* sentinel* than see thr 
Minucvonjoux have the sllghtctsl ebance left 
them of a second escape, I »»* officer of 
the guard, and never saw duty as well done. 
Tlic night waa cold. Invited rapid motion of 
nllnw on their beats, anti made sleep int 
poonihle even for the reserve. 

Whitsiiie had raptured the Indians; they 
must now be disarmed or destroyed, hut de- 
stroyed only in ixw uf resistance. To de- 
mand their arms before accepting the * unru- 
lier vr«s the plan that offered Itself at first. 
Hut tills wa* wisely rejected, and al once a 
mrwrage wa* sent to Genera! Brooke, making 
know n tile state of the case, and suggesting 
tbnt the Hecoud Battalion bt- -cut out. 

This measure via induced liy no appre- 
hension of trouble, but wa* a precaution to 
render failure impossible. Brooke approved, 
and tile Second JhttlxIion.witU General For 
artb, leached Wounded Knee at h ;jo m 
T wo 1 lotrlikis* guns, with a detachment of 
Battery K. First Artillery, uodtir Captain 
('apron, cum# also. Before leaving l*im- 
KWce. General Foray tit received the Mine 
onler* a* hail liern given Whitsidc A* to 
the personnel of tire Second Hattnlhm. the 
same i* generally true a* Mated in denerihiug 
tire? Fir-4 The night paraed quietly. At h 
*.«t. of the aitth. in a confnenro with tire 
lu-ad men, General Forsyth ex|daiiresl what 
required. They staled tliey hail no 
gun*. All tbe buck* were tiien assembled. 


and told their gun* must lie mim-mb-red 
Their countenance* were sullen, their out. 
tude and nir ugly and defiant. It teemed 
h igbly improtouk they would com# to terms 
Twenty were laid off. anil ordered to go t n 
the v ilfage and bring tiieir guns. Tliey 
ret lined with two old piece*, long need, no 
doubt, as toy* by the children, but forming 
no part of the splendid Wiochmten owned 
hy the wnrriui*. It was di-or they would 
nut nf themH-Ivcs give up tire gun*. Fnc 
•ytii's position was a trjing one. Every 
peaceable method niixt Ire triewL, nil groife 
means must fail, the Indian* must resist I*, 
fore they were destroyed. In this emergen, 
ey a practical, pawihly dangerous, plan pic- 
twilled itself. Two dismounted Iroopt. fully 
armrd, and numliering I HI ineu.nrr# march- 
ed up am! disposed at right angle* on two 
side* of tin- semicircle of buck*. A small 
di-tnclum-ot from rweb, nwler an officer. w*» 
rent ihrmigh tire village to .-cun li for arm* 
They fiMtiid thirty -eight old gun*, which 
were clearly not tbe kind wanted They 
bud probably t recti carried In the vrunu 
with the squaws, hut made no pun of the 
equipment of the warrior* 

It »■« now evident tile Mick* were armed. 
Tliey had made no tt-»biau<r. however, and 
tbe moment for destroying them was n»t 
collie. Of geuile menus, only one tvnuiiiMd 
untried. 

Prrwinnl Hcnreh mutt now lie made at all 
hiuutrdt- It proved more deadly than «" at 
tempt to deprive of tlM-ir claw* mi equal 
number «f tiger*, for tin- tearch was Itardly 
Iregua when tire whole boily of |wlnted. be- 
dizened fanatics *i»ratig ns one nan. . r 
rather h» om- demon. Hung off tlrelr blankeh 
•nil with nothing but breech clouts nnd light 
ghost shirt* to iinpe-tlf tlrelr marvellous agil 
tty. begun emptying ilreir marazitre ritU«- lul l 
tbe rank* of the xildlers The fire v» re 
lurnc.l instant Iv and with great effect, mi 
that after a (teqreralc struggle of u few min 
ules the surviving bunk* made a headlong 
ro*h for the village, amt thence into tire ad- 
jacent ravine. Here they met death from 
the nren of A ami 1 troops, dismounted and 
disposed on tbnt side 

The frightful haud to hand conflict which 
followed the nltcmp! at personal search fell 
to tire ha of 11 am> K troop* Never were 
men called upon to meet a more sudik-n. 
more pressing, and mom perilous crisis, ami 
never wn« i-rlsl* more mnnfullv met. 

The triMqw of she Second Battalion Were 
mounted, hoi] held in renilinrws for |wil*ult. 
Tliey. with tire Hotchkhs gun*, completed 
the destruction of Big- Foot's men. We 
U-anied from wounded Indians that it had 
been reiolved iu council tilt night before to 
attack the troop*. The medicine man gave 
the signal by throwing in til# air u handful 
of rand and blowing u whistle. Poor de- 
link'd ravage*! Nothing he* could give efl- 
rient tent of their tuluman, the ghost shirt 
Of the warrior*, eighty nine are known to 
have died, and ten lo have been hurlly wound- 
ed, It is repotted on fairly good authority 
tbnt of the remaining twenty-one, fourteen 
were killed. MX wuituded, and one only es- 
caped unhurt 

Nlaay women and children were unavoid 
nldy killed and wounded Officers made 
every effort lo prevent their la-log hurt, 

Don’t hurt tire «piaw» aud children "was 
the general try over the field. I found nine 
teen cunre-ulrd in tlic reoitie. ami »rnt them 
under guard lo a plats; of safety. They Seem- 
ed greatly surprised nnd very gratrriti, and 
in their ravage ignorance cx]'x<cled nothing 
but death. 

B Troop was in line between thn buck* 
and the ravine, anil wns the object of the first 
volleys. At the signal of tbe seer, the wo- 
men and children made a mud nisli fur lire 
ravin# and jumped li>. The direction of thi* 
rush was convergent nnd brought the non 
eoinliaiutil" in crowd* before making the 
Jump. There can la- iu» doubt that many 
were struck by tire bullets of their own p**> 
pic. Furthermore, it b well known that the 
inexperienced find it difficult to distinguish 
between reptaw* and bucks even under oir 
cumstanros the most favorable 1 Was sla 
Hom'd at Fort Yates, am! onw Indian* every 
day f«i» wveral month* tofnra 1 enuld tell 
women from men when seen at a little dl* 
turn e. so similar U tiieir general npprwmnre 
atid (lresi A» slated above, most of our men 
hnd wren little of I lull alia. 

Official list* of our cn* uni ties have already 
btren pul'lisbed. and It i* deemol unnreesaary 
to repent them her# Manvgood men were 
killed and badly wounded. 'The wnuml* were 
unusually seven- on account of the very clow* 
range at wbk-ti they were inflicted Six of 
the wounded have since died, and several 
have hot limits. Tire second haiudlon *uf 
fered little, having only four killed ami five 
woumlcd. nr fifteen |**-r cent, of the casual 
ties. The artillery hud oulv one won mb d. 
A great eonxjMracy has now been crushed. 
This imjKit'lant result has been acromplish- 
eil mainly hr the wise and timely movement 
of itxiop-. 1 1re sharp rlinstiscmrntnt A'ound 
ed Knee hail a oalutary effes:t. 

Many plans are proposed for solving the 
I it- 1 is ii problem One most important thing 
enn I >r done, nnd no time should lie least in 
effecting It Let while men on Indian re- 
serration* be reiiunsl to the minimum a* 
rapidly n« pos*i3ile IjtI all offir#* at agencies 
la- filled by Indian-, Give them the clink- 
ships, tire traderabip*. lire peat -office, the car- 
penter. shoe, tailor, harness, hL.rksniith, lair- 
tier, and other shop*. Let them run the saw- 
mill when there is one In short, let do work 



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114 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, No. 


“ Masterpieces o f Literary Art." 


THE ODD NUMBER SERIES. 


rmuVirfiW «/' Mi h Sjf /tciion Ky j'trriym I 
niitAnr* mtitM la rtmgmitnm iu lAr Arif ary of | 

I mmtfru trlrratmn* II i'A cri/ira' ^ 

The Odd Number. Tidm** in Cr? m Mac- 

r*K*j*t. Tli«- Tr4ii«l«iiiiu by Jokatnax Sicaoia. lEnnx, Clotti, 
Uniwmlil. $1 

MarIa : A Sol-th Amuuiav Rkkisi. By Janox I<ikh 
Ti»h.|,i.-,I liv Itouxi Oimix. Umi, Onanii-Dlil, |l HI. 

Pastels in Prose. (Ku*n the French ) *iy 

Htv»W Mkuii >. Willi 1i*i lllusirstiatu (iiwMitig Fmiui-. 
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#1 2-V 

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Modern Ghosts. feWcttd hmJ TnunUird fn*n ilw 

Work* of v»ri"<-. Aiuhor*. Willi »n Ininhb^n.* by 

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IYbusiikij by HARPER it BROTHERS. N. V. 

tr y< rail hv nil t«a»l Ae. all I 4, Mi it t>.v I At pmr 

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<mtyt tktftw* 


No. 1782. 

Harpers Weekly. 

WITH mYKll. AND M-pn.EME.Nr CONTAIN I All 
A UOl'Bl.E PA 0 E IM.t*T*UTIOX, IX TINT. EX- 
TITLED --rviXEl-AND HOITK To THE PlCUir— 

A ATOP HIM I’ISXKIt IN NEW MKNHT>.'' 


TEEM; 10 miX A T0PI.-SI00 4 TEAK, IN AllVANCIC. 

Sabrrrptonu may W<» wUtt a»y Xmu&tr. 


THE SUPREME COURT AND THE BEHRING 

SEA. 

T HE decision of the Supreme Court tn hear argu- 
ment ni> tlie writ of prohibition in tin- caw of 
tlir forfeited sealer Say Hard will i»jt|wrcntl v open to 
argument the whole Behring controversy. In that 
(•rent the opinion of the Court will be the judgment 
of our highest legal trihunnl upon tlie question pend 
ing between the two governments, and an opinion 
expressed practically upon the motion of the British 
government itself. It «» true that the British gov 
eminent has not professed its purpose of abiding hr 
the judgment. But that government U, of course, 
aware that in invoking tin* judgment of the Court it 
invites a decision to which it could not refuse to defer 
without loss of moral prestige. Indeed, it is hardly 
doubtful that if the Court should justify the American 
view, the British govern incut would acquiesce As 
we |s tinted out at the time, the British action is the 
highest tribute to the diameter of the Supreme Court, 
and the proceeding opens a new and simple and ad- 
mirable form of arbitration. Indeed, then' is no more 
striking example of advancing civilization than the 
submission of such a difference to the peaceful judg- 
ment of a court of the highest dignity. An interna- 
tional diplomatic negotiation of this kind lies inevi- 
tably within the domain of buncombe. Rut the pro- 
cedure of a court is wholly beyond it. 

It is stated, apparently with authority, that Secre- 
tary Blaine commends the action of tlie Court most 
warmly a a giving the opposing aide no reason for 
complaining hereafter ili.it it had not bad every op 
portunity. within reasonable limits, of presenting iia 
case. Jhil that opportunity it enjoys always in its 
diplomatic correspondence. Tlie arguments which it 
presents to the Court it is equally free to present to 
the Secretary of Slate. But the advantage of sub- 
mitting the question to the Court is not that it cun 
exchange argument*, as wit h the Stale Department, 
but that it ran have, from a most rom potent author- 
ity, an unbiassed opinion upon tin- merit*. If the 
Court should hold with (treat Britain, the moral gain 
to the British view would hr immense. If it should 
hold with the United States, our view would »w great 
ly strengthened. Acquiescence on either side would 
bo very much easier, because national pride is much 
less touched by the judgment of a court than by sne- 
er** or failure in a diplomatic correspondence. A 
precedent would ho established of the highest value. 

It ia further stated that Secretary Buts* would 
“ be willing enough to accept tlie arbitration of the 


Supreme Court*' provided that all the points of tlie 
difference were submitted, and tliat Great Britain 
would hind herself to uInHc hv the decision. But 
however that may be. the case a* it stands i* a prac- 
tical submission of the question of the extent of the 
authority of the United States in the Behring Sea. 
The precise question iu the cane of the Sttyiraiil is, 
we believe, the legality of seizure without the three- 
mile limit. But that question involve* the extent 
and origin of the authority to seize, and if the sub 
stantial difference is not discussed, it will he because 
advocates are less clever than they are believed to he. 
It is fair to suppose that as the British government 
in a certain sense has brought the case into court, it 
will take care that iU side is adequately presented, 
The ease will lie necessarily a mu nr eftetire, and the 
argument will mark one of the great days in the his- 
tory of tlie Court. But more tuid greuler than that 
will be the demonstration that iuternutionul disputes 
may be hereafter submitted, like personal differences, 
to peaceful legal adjudication. 

OUR POLICY OF ARMED DEFENCE. 

It i* a curious coincidence that while in one room 
of the Capitol at Washington tlie Supreme Court 
was o]ieniug a possible way to a legal and peaceful 
settlement of a difference with England, the Senate 
in another room was hearing from Mr. Cockrell, 
of Missouri, the renuirlc; “ We liave at hand Canada 
as a full compensation for any possible injury that 
Great Britain may do us. Then* is Canada, and ail 
we have to do ia to step over and take it, and reim- 
burse and indemnify ourselves; and England knows 
it aa well as we do. - ” Oil the same day Mr. Gm.DWlN 
Smith was saving in Toronto that the manifest po- 
litical destiny of Canada is union with tlie United 
State*. The Senate wait considering an amendment 
to reduce the appropriation for harbor defences from 
$1 ,(MK),<MK) to #750,000. Senator OOCKUCLI. regretted 
that the reduction was not larger. lie thought a 
system of coast defence both worthies* and extniv 
aganl. Tlie money spent for it was wasted. The 
Unitrsl States alone, in its isolation, could resist the 
combined powers of the earth Mexico is our friend. 
Canada is our frieud ; and if it were not, what would 
the Canadians amount to as our enemies 1 *' Not a 
row of pins,”' raqiouded Senator Frye. The remark 
of Senator Coi'KJtKLL was not strictly courteous to 
those whom he called friend*. But if much must 
lie forgiven to tlie spirit of liberty, not less must be 
ennreded to high cockalorum patriotism. 

But Senator HawlkY was of opinion tliat pluck 
ami u good cause are not a certain defence against 
larger guns and organized military force. Troop* 
and the material of u-oo|>x, like ships ami *hip lim- 
ber, are not the same thing. Then- may lie as good 
oak-trees standing ill tlie forest as thaw* of which the 
most invincible navy was hewn, But, in war. ships 
well built, armed, and manned, ami upon the water, 
are better than great trees in the forest, " In twelve 
or eighteen hours Great Britain could assemble a 
Heel at Portland; in eighteen or twenty hours at 
Boston; and in twenty-four hours, perhaps, at New 
York. What are you going to do when you llnd 
British war vessels in the hurlior of New YorkT 
They could levy a tribute of five hundred or a thou- 
sand million dollar* on the city of New York; and 
New York would lie compelled to pay it, In the 
mean time those gallant anna of liberty by tlie hun- 
dred thousand or tire hundred thousand are arming; 
lint they would not lie north a single last year’s bird's 
nest. You cannot defend our harbors. You have 
no modern gun*." Senator Blair added a touch of 
humor (o the debate. Great Britain, he said, had nn 
conceivable motive to go to war with us. He would 
put intelligence into tlie bayonet and |»u** the rdueu 
lion bill. But lie had no objection to fortify Ports- 
mouth ilurtior, in New Hampshire, which is by far 
the best port in the country for fortifications. Mr. 
BlAIR i* Senator from New Hampshire. 

Mr. Dawes explained that the amendment pro- 
posal reduction not liecwise the appropriation wa* 
excMHive, hut because there wa* nn unexpended bal- 
ance of more than a million dollars for the same 
purpose. The amendment was adopted It was a 
discussion, or rather an expression of feeling and 
opinion, in which there wo* reason on both side*. 
But at the same time that it was proceeding there 
was an instructive incident elsewhere. The Italian 
Prime Minister. .Signor C’Rtsri, was suddenly defeat- 
ed, Mid resigned, mainly became of unpopularity 
arising from the enormous taxation in Italy, amount 
ing. it is stated, to ninety dol hire for every inhabitant, 
and due to the maiiiteimiirn of an immense military 
armament. One thing, at least, is clear. If in an 
age to which war i* incontestably more and more 
repugnant, any great power may wisely refrain from 
the enormous coat of maintaining a vast system of 
military and naval offence ami defence, it is the 
United Slates. There is no doubt that as civilisation 
advances not only the duel ami the practice of car- 
rying weapons by individuals disappears, but the 
policy of maintaining vast national armament* by n 
crushing taxation, or the old axiom, in time of peace 
prepare for war, is also growing obsolete. 


A DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM. 

Tfte Atlanta Constitution, an ardent Democrat I,- 
journal, lays down a Democratic platform for l<-y» 
upon which it says the candidate who stands snuube 
a Demucrut, which nu-an* nothing until the word U 
detiuod. A generation ago it meant a supporter of 
tlie luteiest* and demand* of slavery. A few \nm 
later, during the civil war. the National Convention 
of that name declared for tile surrender of the gov- 
ernment. Party name* and tradition* must be han- 
dled with great care. But the Atlanta Crm*tihiti„ u 
at once proreed* to detine a Democrat. "He imre. 
favor freo coinage os well as tariff reform, and must 
signify a willingness ’to turn the rascal* out.' ' 
This is a compact and intelligible definition of Demo- 
cratic doctrine at the present time « understood by 
tlie Atlanta CoHMtitution. It i* in three parts; tariff 
reform, or low tariff; free silver coinage; and the 
spoil* system. It would be interesting to know 
whether tin* CVmafi'fufion interprets the late Con- 
greaaioiiul election a* u jKipular demand for these 
three iwasuree, or whether it Hiipjaaies that the vote 
which brought the Democratic party into power in 
1NH4 could he rallied upon this platform iu 1*82. 

Democratic succcsk in 1KS4 was due to a few very 
obvious cause*: the Republican nomination and Re- 
publican reckleksncss of conduct and administration, 
and personal confidence in tlie Democratic candidate 
as a true palrioL sound in his (iuuiicial view*, sin- 
cerely interested in administrative reform, and iu no 
sense whatever a political Bourbon. The question of 
tariff reform was not a decisive consideration. The 
Republican sccrasion, or tlie mugwump movement, 
was denounced, indeed, as a mere mask for a free 
trade bolt. Bui as Mr. Kt»Mt'Miw, one of the sturdi 
cut nf protectionists, had been tlie candidate of the 
Republican aeceders. and as almost any other nom- 
ination than the one made would have probably pre- 
vented tlie bolt, this charge was of little weight. 
The result wo* that the Democratic candidate vui 
elected by votes which were not Democratic in the 
)mrty sense, and a party which had forfeited the con- 
fidence of the country wa* restored to power, with the 
opportunity of fully recovering that confidence. Tlie 
administration of Mr. OUcveumD, considered solely 
n* an administration, wa* no doubt exceedingly re- 
assuring to IIiom who sincerely believed that Demo- 
crat* were public enemies. It will he probably con- 
ceded that except for hi* message of l-SS« he would 
have hern reelcrted. That messago. however, al- 
though it led to iuiHiediati- party defeat, gave the 
party an issue which appealed to the iutelligeuce and 
conviction of many original Republicans upon anti- 
slavery ground*, and very strongly to tlie sympathy of 
a younger generation which luul arisen since the war 

The Denmcrntic party emerged from the election 
of 1888 defeated indeed, hut iu better order. *o far as 
regard* a public policy, enthusiasm of conviction, 
and satisfaction with a representative leader, than it 
had been for forty yeans, It wa* not. indeed, more 
highly organized, for its organization by the slave 
power was absolute and servile. The wide discontent 
sprung from Republican excesses, the new funner 
movements pixaluccd by them, the generous ardor of 
younger tariff reformers, and the probable Presiden- 
tial contest of 1882 explain iu great part the late elec- 
tion. Tlie one peril instinctively apprehended by 
wiser Democrat* wa* the party folly sure to appear a* 
the consequence of overwhelming success. It is hut 
a reasonable supposition, however, that tlie mastery 
of the party by its reactionary forces, and by other 
view* Hum those that were represented in tbc admin- 
istration which for the first liuie iu a quarter of a 
century made its iiumn tolerable to intelligent Amer- 
icans, would not regain that confidence. In New 
York, for instance, a party which obstructs ballot re- 
form and wise liquor license, which largely, if not 
a* a party, favors free silver coinage and opposes 
civil service reform, will hardly strengthen itself 
with thnt rising sentiment, which i* very powerful, 
and seeks a party of honest and intelligent progress. 

IRELAND OR PARNELL? 

THE question of Mr. Paknklln continued leader- 
ship of the Irish parly in Parliament remains un- 
settled. and it must ho conceded that, so far as public 
demonstration* are concerned, the Irish enthusiasm 
seems to fnvor it. It is announced that th« results of 
the mysterious conference* at Boulogne will be noon 
made public— probably lx- fore this paper is issued. 
But the mystery surpasses the interest. Tlie attempt 
to make term* with 1\\RSKLL shows the inability of 
hi* opponent* to deal with him. Nothing ha* been 
plainer from the moment of the breach than that his 
resolution wa* to rule or ruin, mid his opponent* 
should have allowed him to have his way, or they 
should have taken their*. The result of the delay 
will be either their surrender or hi*. But nobody, 
we prrMUinr, la-lievc* that be will yield. 

Mr. Jl'fflK McCarthy says, iu his late article in 
the AorM AiMcricoif Revirtp. that Parnell* mani- 
festo insulting the Kuglisli friends of Ireland made 
lux leadership impossible. He says that Pak.nell is 
apparently a wholly different uiuu from the former 




FEBRUARY 14, 1B91. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


115 


cool and aagacinaa lender, nnd that the choice for 
every patriotic' Irishman U Ireland or PaRNKI.I.. lint 
that baa been so dear from the In-ginning of the 
quarrel that no conference should have been under- 
taken. If FaiiNKU. aIuhiUI p hoove to support the old 
railM' cinder the new lendervhip. he might do mi; but 
if. ax is unquestionable. he should prefer to min a 
ruuse tluct he could not control. IiLh elfort would be 
more futile just in the degree that he w«* repudiated. 
It is impossible that the author of the article to which 
we refer should hereafter accept 1 ’aRXKM. in any 
form or degree as a leader; and if that is true of Mr. 
McCarthy, it i« or course true of a large, if not the 
larger, part of tin? old associate* of P.vkxeli.. 

Mr. MCCARTHY sees ami stales distinctly the key of 
the Irish situation, which is the English alliance. He 
does not entertain the question whether the result of 
the divorce case ought to have affected the situation, 
but as a practical politician he admits that it did affect 
it. and vitally. The policy of the party, he holds, 
must lie necessarily determined hr that fact, and as 
the English alliance would be destroyed by Par- 
XEU.'h leadership, P.vRXKl.l. must lie discarded. His 
conduct since the trial also justifies and demands his 
dismissal. This is so true that the wonder is there 
should have been all the mysterious |talavering in 
France, unless it were really supposed that I’tRXKLL 
was amenable to reason or eomnion sense. There is 
evidently some apprehension that, after all. he may 
get the belter of his opponents and “come out ahead " 

a feeling which is not without some justification in 
the long delay, during which Parnell. and not his 
opponents, baa guiued in popular prestige. 

A USEFUL AND EASY CHARITY. 

Evert yew it Is our pleasant duly to remind nur readers 
llrat when they Imvc read ibU illustrated weekly journal, 
which wc have the honor periodically to offer to them for 
their entrTlninment if not instruction, Ihcy may share llic 
pleasure, if it tic such, hy dropping it inlo I hr box of the 
Hospital Book nnd .Newspaper Society. This society is 
composed of Indies who in their own ruse nnd romfort nrr 
Hot forgetful of Ibe lew* fotlunate, who. especially in hospi- 
tals and other public institution*, ftinld tln-ir w«*rine-» nnd 
suffering, arc nod grnteful for the kindly gifts of reading 
and pictures which it cost* so little t i trie nnd care in Hit* way 
to supply. 

Tliis society of good Samaritan* is nr.w sixteen yenrs old. 
It has stimulated other similar agencies; but such wise nnd 
generous nclivily, by quickening the l**le for rending, in< 
creases the demand, an that 1* U now greater Ilian ever, a fact 
which is attested in touching nnd interesting letters (ram 
warden* and chaplains of the institution*. Tho diocese of 
this beautiful charily Is bournlcd by no acrinrian or geograph- 
ical lines. It embraces first the city of New York, then the 
State, and then any part of the United States, 

During the year the society distributed 4940 hooks, 
14 .k?i> magazine*, till. sll weekly nnd illustralrd pajicr*. nnd 
131,993 daily papers aiming fifty nine institutions, while it 
has been in currespondrni'i* with twenty three others. These 
figure* enunot mnvey any idea of tire Immense pUa*iiiv nnd 
convotntion which would have been wholly lost except for 
these gifts of wind olherwiw would have been mere waste 
paper. The expenses of the cltarit v are naturally very small; 
hut any donations will Ire most thankfully rorcivyd hy Mrs. 
Fohihiam Mount*, 4-1 East Thirtieth Street, nnd reading 
matter may Is- sent In the office, 21 I'nivendty Place, nnd 
newspapers dropped in Hie boxes at many of the ferric* and 
ntilruad stations. 

MANDATES AND DEBATES. 

St'KAKKn ItKEti's view* of the restriction nf drlmte in Con- 
gr<-*», to whirb we allude elsewhere, are certainly sound so 
far M they concern the ulllmntc purpose of a CongTcwlOtial 
election, which, as he nays. In primarily legHnllon ami trot 
talk. But lie seem* to u« to forget that the parliamentary 
ideal Is legislation by talk. Then t* really no middb- grouiul. 
A I/rgi*lnture di*eu**c*. or it merely register* an edict. Tbc 
S I K-nkcr n article apparently regard* an ejection a* tin- issue 
of n “ mandate " by tbr sovereign people as it would lie is- 
suetl by the sovereign king. In both rev* it is a mandate 
lo Ire promptly ohryed. 

Thi* is what i* called n half truth. It partakes of the error 
of ''instruction*” to it Senator, which imply that lie I- an 
mrent or attonicy. and not a representative. Tbi* Is a fallacy 
in free government which Bntgr. clearly exposed. No 
American Representative w ho understand* a frrr government 
ac cepts instruction*. He goes — holding view* which arc 
well known and which commend him to bh* rnwtiluenry - 
to compare view* with other Kcprescnlulives like himself. for 
the purpo*e of promoting the public welfare by legislation. 
To this end ample deliberation and often prolonged iliwit*- 
*ion are indispensable. If such a man is In the minority, lie 
ran not rightfully be silenced by Ibe remark that Congress 
ha« received a mandate from the sovereign which mint Ire 
executed. 

Tlie exact meaning of an election t* not *n dear ami d* f 
initc that it can be interpreted so rigidly. Tire election of 
Iteflt may be nssiimrd to have shown tbc Country to be 
frie ndly to protection. Rut it cannot be Interpreted to have 
been a inundate lo pas* tile Mi KiSS.P.v bill, except as lutving 
left the particular measure of protection to !*• decided by 
Congress. But that 1* merely to *ny that it desired Congress 
to pass only such a measure a* upon careful deliberation and 
discussion sltould lie approved by the majority. Undoubt- 
edly (Imv will of the majority should be enabled at last to 
prevail. Hut the rrstrii li»u of debate is a matter of vital 
concern to the function of a Parliament, and should not be 


regarded Ra the abatement of a nuisance. Here, a* else- 
where, much must la* pardoned lo I lie spirit of lilierty. Mea- 
sured by any fair standard, perhaps three-quarter* of del ml e 
in t’ongre** might lie rlasaified as talk. But that la the es- 
sential condition of it free Legislature, When the ncccjsity 
of mopping it arise* In nnk to enable tiie majority to legi*- 
late. tie discretion and authority to stop may lie wisely in 
trusted vo a Speaker wholly independent of parly ties. But 
would Mr Hkkd think it wise to intrust such discretion in n 
House divided by party to n party lender* 

A RECENT DINNER. 

A Revert dinner, at which Mr. Cleveland and Governor 
Iltt.t. sat at lire table and exchniigvd complinienU. has been 
treated ns an event of great political significance. equivalent 
to a treaty of peace between hostile powers. But whatever 
Hie previous situation Iretwern the gentlemen may liavc 
bt>en, it U not vitally affected by the fart Hint ex President 
I’l.K vtt.vxn prnlred thr adniinUtrution of Governor HlU* 
and congratulated him upon bi* election to the Senate, 
while Governor Hii.t. praiicd tire ndmhiistratioa of Presi- 
dent Ui.Kvr-i. * jrn. and professed lo desire to mwU-1 lias public 
conduct upon that of the cx-Presidenl. 

This mutual civility i* interpreted by sonic commentators 
to mean that Governor Hint, renounces nil Presidential aspi- 
ration* for I ■*92. and proposes to promote and support Hie 
Horn inn I inn of Mr. CutriUini, while in consideration of 
this benevolence Mr. CunTUHn. In the event of his election, 
will *'hnnd over” the patronage in New York In Benator 
Him., n* President Hakhioox i* understoiH] to have liamhsl 
it over to rx-Hcnator Platt. As such an understanding la 
highly improbable, live extreme significance nf Hie dinner 
resides, pref implivrly, exclusively in tbc mimls nf Midi 
commentator*. 

Governor Him.'* course will he determined, dimbiles*. by 
events a* tiny arise. Ill* accrpfnncc of llic S-natordiip has 
awukenrri the bitterest nnimosiiy of some who have been his 
mint aggressive adherent*, and be set** no farther inlo llic 
future tlinn the rest of tin. But hud lie whlnd it to he tin 
demood that he lud withdrawn from the rearelt for the 
Preshk'itcy, lie would have left no doubt upon tlmt point. 
I<*a*t of nil would lie have left It to lie Inferred from a few 
complimentary words nt a dinner 

THE SILVER BILL. 

Tn>; free silver bill can hardly pas* Hie House; but should 
It do so, there seem* lo lie no doubt that It would meet a 
veto, Tbc coo sequences of a debased currency are so fa- 
miliar to every student of linanre. and have hem historically 
so completely demonstrated, that it seems ns impassible Hint 
they should nol lie popularly understood a* the folly of what 
wns ended fiat paper money. But tills feeling among rnlel- 
lurcni men which lia* produced apparent indifference to Hie 
debate upon the bill In Hie Senate did not take account of 
Hie fact that the bill lia* been urged not *n much from in- 
terest in silver ns a currency a* in diver ns a commodity. 

Mr. Schcre. in bi* admirable statement made in on inter, 
view with Hie H'orM, said truly Hint there wn* not Hu* grmt 
popular interest in the subject and lli« earnest demand for 
silver legislation which were alleged, but that the movement 
wo* rather the organized agnation of a kind Interest. This 
is utiqursHoanhlv true. But Hie shrewd persistence and 
management of the lulerest. togrther with the exigencies of 
Hie pullilcnl situation in the Senate, succeeded in *e airing 
Hie passage of the bill. It n another proof Hint it in never 
wire to underestimate nn enemy of this kind, and a sound 
linanefakl public opiDtou i* belated tn exprttwdng itself 

Tlie bill, however, as we said, la protahly doomed for thi* 
session. But although It* passage by the new Democratic 
House would lignin encounter a veto, the Democratic pr«i 
lion, judging by the party action, la favorable to the measure 
Passed by n Democratic House, and vctoerl by a Republican 
President. It would become a leading iasiui in the campaign 
of and a* Mich It would nuke party line* very much 
more definite than tbey are now 


POLICE MATRONS. 

Hexator ItnEsni. of Tammany Hall, has introduced a 
bill which make* llw ap|xiiutinent of police matMus man- 
datory, and It Iras paired to a thinl rroditig. and will bo 
come a law. we hope. l*.fore this poper I* published. Gov. 
ernor Him, did not object to tire up|Mi-.nlmrnt of matrons, 
but he vetoed Hie hill of U*t year in order to give tire Innal 
authorities the opportunity voluntarily to take action Tbi* 
they have refiiwd to do, despite the williagnra* of some 
mends-r* of the Police Board and of Hie virtually* iimuu- 
mon* demand of the prew, and Ibe linKnCH bill, should It 
hcisime a law. will leave them no alternative. 

Thi* exce-llent providon, which I* morally certain to Ire 
itdtqxed. even should *umo unexpected oUtruclinn now in- 
tervene, will Ire a victory of the press. Except for its per- 
distent and conclusive advocacy, tire scheme would have 
perished with the reftwil of tbr- Police Board The happy 
and humane result i* one of the minor triumph* of a forte 
so constant that it i* little remarked except n* u movement 
vehicle nf new*. Speaker Rkrd, in bb late article on ** A 
Deliberalivo Body, - says very truly that the newtpaper Iras 
largely taken the place of (Hirllametitary and Congressional 
drlmte in the iitstriM'iion of the country The CvitgnuMOMnl 
H,f»rd is really a journal for newspaper*, nol for the gen- 
eral r«*nd» r. and the ire's ‘paper riel cite rather than Congres- 
sional delude determine* the election and consequent Irgida- 

Thc police matron*' law will Ire due to the newspapers, 
certainly not lo lire debater) in 111® Legislature. Tire news- 
papers educate and tmuw public opinion, and then repre- 
sent Hint opinion to the Legislature. Individual newspapers 
often ludicrously and laughably prabr thmiwlvc*. But Hie 
presi cau hardly overestimate iu own power. 


PERSONA U 

Axiom; tire treasures in Mr. Lawton- Co««e*rau.' 9 gal- 
lery of nrartoe pahihng* at Newport, Rhode l-lnml. ha* re- 
cently tieeii plai rst • liill-lengt li portrait in oil of Captain 
Roiikiiv Rli'MAko Hixtuu, rhe fonnder of the Sailor*' Mmg 
Haritor.on Staten l*land. Mr. CottOMiUlX had it iratnlerl 
on nil k ut Ynkohnuia. Ja|mn. a* a tribute to the nrau who 
has dime much for snprrannuntcd sailor*. 

— Tire lecture ami literary Held* aeeui to open to Senator 

I. S'UALUi u* the present term of hi* political life close*. He 
ha* received lucrative oiler* fora I took entering Ilia experi- 
ence* lit Cnngreaa, nint for a aeries of lecture* on some pop- 
ular topic. 

— The late Captain J. B. Tiiowas, of Boston, waa prob- 
ably the richest man in New Kriglatwl. He left an estate 
worth over 925, <(00.000. a large share of which had been ac- 
quired by real-estate inteatnreoiM In San Krouciaco ami 
Brooklyn. 

— Dr.WTl.UAM G. Rallaxtink, the recently elected Pre- 
sident of OWrlin College, is about forty-1 no years old, and 
i* a graduate of Marietta College and of Union Theologiml 
Seminary, lie stndierl nt Lelpaic I'niveraily a year, and 
lure since held the chair nf Natural History and Chemistry 
in Ri|Min College, Wiseoiisin. that of Gtcek in the Cuiverei- 
ty of Indiana, ami tire Prefoataiuhlp of Greek and Hebrew 
Kxegeai* at Oberlin. lie ha* been engaged in Chautauqua 
work at tlie Hummer School for several year*, and la our of 
tire ml I torn of tire ilihlialkivm Satm. 

- KliWAHli I.EXNO.V, tire Irishman who has Just died In 
New York at tire age of one hundred and five year*, carried 
a pike in the great Irish relrellion of I79K He had p»|*cr* 
in hi* poaseseiini proving hi* birth in Count v Derry. Ireliiixl, 
III ITKi, 

- Nearly #l"l.t«( has already been coiitrihntml to lire 
John Boyle O'Keilly Memorial Kund. 

— Dr. SfM.IVAX Whitxrv, the first American pbysirinit 
who niannrartiireil hoiiui-opatbic medicines, lia* jn*t died 
at bis home iu Nrwtouville, MjiHsoehusctta, nt the age of 
eighty-three. He was graduated from Harvard Mnlicnl 
School nearly fifty years ago. 

—Mr. A. M. Pa t At Kit gave a theatre pcrfonnaRce recently 
in aid of a eli'ircll debt. Tlie Protestant Kpiscopnl Cathe- 
dral of All-Saint*, in Albany, was tlie ehnreh aldml, ami the 
benefit wa» given liy the Ma<li*oii lk|iiare Theatre Company, 
nnder Mr. PaUIRR's direction. The company stopped nt 
Allrauy ru ro uir from Ibwron lo New York, and Ibelr pr-r- 
foniranee of A /trie of Sprrtarln wan sillficrently well at- 
tended to do material service iu reducing the debt. 

— Lori* Ki**mi i* reported to Ire in excellent health, in 
apile of hi* eight j -nine years, lie work* at hi* desk eight 
lionnt a day, and seek* recreation afterward in a game of 
billiard*. He U Ntill at nark on his memoira, and is alreut 
to pnl)|i*h the fonrtli volume, dewribing the Pul inti rising 
of 1*14. 

— Mrs. AnnoTT, tire motlrer of tire late prim* donna, ob- 
ject* mi decidedly to the fulfilment of her ■laughter'* wish 
to have her body cremated that it still remain* iu lire re- 
ceiving vault at Craceland Cemetery. Chicago, 

BKN.MM1X II. Cl' HRIk.tt.of fWtnn, has administered the 
obligation oath to bench officers for sixty vents. Mr.Ctit- 
iiikh i« ninety-four year* old. 

IllrUK LejUJK. the child artmw, i« ill with diphtheria, 
which developed from a cold she ■aught while playing in 
Brooklyn, ahd site will probably Ire kept off the *tagc fur 
several wrrk*. 

—Tire late King Kai-akaca wo* a Mason, and htul at- 
tniiieal tbc thirty-third degree. 

— Colonel AxbRkw Dkkkum, who wn* in command of a 
New Jersey volunteer company during Ibe civil war, i» said 
lo be lire only mail alive in tbi* country who ever bus Lord 
Brmix. Colonel Dkkwim met tire ]ioct In Greece In l*<24, 
when the latter wax devoting lilnurelfta the cause of Greek 

IT ill,' Jir tldr-live. 

— James Partox, whore age and long term of service 
would reew In entitle him to rent, is Inal It to lay down hi* 
jn-u. nnd Mtill work* *ix h»nr* n day at hta desk in bi* New - 
buiyport <Maa*achiinetl*) home, 

-Wiwix Niuio;. tire member of I’arliniiicut for Hast 
ing*, Knglniul, nnd the son-in-law nf It. II IUxa, Jun., of 
IbMtou, tho author of Tiro irarr trforr thr ,1/mf. Ira* been 
left nn alios aner nf $.'10 i*«l a rear by hi* father. JuHX Xu- 
lil.K, the varnish taiannfartutvr. ltr an reeenlric provbino 
of tire will, this Income I* to Ire tvdiKs-d 9HMMJU If tire auu 
ever fail* of electron to Parliament. 

— Rev. F. A. Fahjjkv, of Brooklyn, New York, liecomc*, 
by the death of the historian UakcROVT, f Ire obtest living 
graduate of IturvanL He was graduated iu lHli*, and i» 
ninety year* old. 

-Judge Axoox U. Mtt.l.FR, one of ABRAHAM LlNOvl.X's 
mmt intimate friends when tire two were young men and 
prni-tlxrd law together, ha* Just died at bi* home iu Hants 
Cm* County, California. 

—One of Kngland'* most |iopnlar ‘talesmen. Sir Hkmiv 
JaxbS practically shelved bv l«4ng elevated to 

tire House oflredl* as a Life I’cer ami Lord of Appeal. He 
an* offered the Lord High Chancellorship, with a rralnry 
of a y ear, and a peerage, by Mr.Ot.MwroxB in lrt-u, 

hut deolinml it treeanae lie did not believe in home- rule. 

— Tire body of the extremely rich and eccentric Duke of 
Bedford, whose recent sudden taking off caused a sensation 
in Kngland.wa* incineratesl in a crematory huill especially 
for thi* aim cremation. 

— Congress has passed a resolution antborixing Georoe 

II. SKlttwoicK, Coiled State* Vice Consul-General at Kana- 
gaw :«. Jiqran, lo accept a silver medal presented |o him by 
the Etnpenir of Japuu for saving a Japanese subject from 
death by drowning. 

- The serious illness of Mr. (J. XV. Smamfy ha* forced 
hi* retirement, temporarily at least, from tire place of Lon- 
don correspondent of tlie New York 7W4oae. While Ire I* 
convalescing in the south of France, IfKXliY W. LrcY, for- 
merly editor of the Irendon I ‘all if _Vrw*, and abo known a* 
“T'lltY, M. I'.,“ «f /'mmA, will prove a very acceptable »nb- 
Ktitnle; lint I Ire reader* of the /Wtnw will niidouhreilly 
welcome the retiini of “U.W.k.," many of wbime letter* 
have Wn collected and pnhli.heil in book form by Harper 
A Hi:' ■ i IIKtm. 





1. Takiug n Call* Hurdle. 



FEBRUARY 14. 19*1. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY 


117 




TIIR CorsiftO lldl kK, IX7TA. 


itized by Google 


Lota Baja 

COAL MINING IN CHILL-Draws nr W. P. S*T»«.-IS« Pack 119.1 


TYRES or HIKERS. 


118 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., XO. 1TB8. 


COALMINING IN CHILI. 

M TBSODOM ODUDk* 

WltlLK travelling in tire Chilian agricultu- 
ral *no« I made a bmM of vlaiiing the coal <1 it*' 
Mict which llw along lie const. ami. as luck 
would have it, 1 mude Hie trip ill picasaul 
com p*nv. Om evening at Concepcion 1 w an 
six-niling an hour in the fencing school of 
Profewnvr X. who had recently arrived front 
France, and established himself in a most 
unexpected manner in that Southern capital 
— who would have thought of finding n 
French fencing- Waster in « provincial town 
in Chill?— when a boy nnc from Hie hotel 
to tell me that I wa* wanted at the telephone, 

"Hollo! hello!'' I cried against the vibra- 
tor ' ■ Coo auka k»Uo?" 

"Dou Itlcardo," replied a well-known 
voice 

- WhntT Dun RieardoT Are you talking 
from Tulcahuann?" 

Ye*. I iuu at the dub Wo have beta 
dining together, the mnt.nl. Don Julio, and 
myself. We wnnl to go to Lola with you." 

Baeuo. amigo, " I replied; ‘ ' eon mnrho 
gi Mu. Cone up l»v tire eight o'clock express 
in lire morning. and I will bo at the station ." 

"All right Goodnight!" 

"Good night!" 

Thu gentleman in question was n member 
of the Chilian Cliamber of Deputlca, (be Con- 
sul of a tTT< 'Jit European power, mid a Cornish, 
inun who lias became a Chileuo hy length of 
residence. This mutter having been thus ar- 
ranged. I went to look up the engineer of the 
Arauco Railway Company, to *»k him to 
oblige me hy placing at our dl*|» i-al it hand- 
car to crow the famous king bridge over the 
Blobto Hirer, fnrul that time, idllumgh run- 
plelctl , this section of the lllKJ Wn* awaiting 
the very tartly approval of ihe Chilian gov. 
crnmrnt officials My request was promptly 
granted, and I retired to rest, always a little 
aurproed to reflect that throe telephonic und 
other incidents were happening in latitude 
36° .VI' south. 

Tlie following morning wo started gayly, 
and posted the lliobio bridge with interest, 
for it measures 1*M metres, and I*. I believe, 
the longest bridge in the world, except those 
over the Tav mid the Forth, and a wooden 
bridge over the Osus built hy General An- 
muf, it coaaprlaaa 62 spaas, carried *>u 
piiirn of tubular contains, the conical bare* of 
which have been driven deep into the study 
bod of I bo stream. At the cud of the bridge 
wc found ourselves at Sun Pedro, a little eti 
ruinpmrni composed of cane bunt mid sheds, 
with corrugated imn roofs. One of these 
aired* furmed the railway stnlhut, and anoth 
er was dignified by the name of " restaurant." 
il the train for Lttl did >1 start fur mi 
hour, we directed our step* toward the re* 
tauriuit. intending to Iwcakfast. Hut to my 
aalanidimenl the Deputy suggested cham- 
pagne and hitter* to begin with, and the pro- 
prietor of the res bui rant without hesitation 
| Hi Minced two biilf-bottlcs of real Heidsieck, 
whereupon I declared Chill to be tnilv a won- 
derful country. Were we not on the edge 
of it wilderness, in the province of Arauco, 
in i be territory recently held by the indom- 
itable Indiana? Was not this restaurant a 
mere shanty? Why these unexpected evi- 
dvncee of extreme civilization? My friends 
assured me that such U the normal condi- 
tion of modem Chili, and with this cxplnua 
lion 1 reinninetl satisfied and breakfasted III 
pence. 

The line on which we were travelling be- 
lting* to English capitalists It is called the 
Arauco Company (Limited], and will run 
from Concepcion to Lo* Rio- d>. Oimuilulnre, 
a distance of 9ft kilometres, carrying goods 
und jxassengem, but principally coal Tire 
company own* a cool hed. beginning at kilo- 
metre lift, and continuing to the end of lire 
Hue. a distance of 10 kilometre*. The jour 
ney offer* no particular internals us far ns 
concern* scenery The land is arid, and pro- 
duce* only tenth and low thorn-trees, go. at 
for making charcoal: there- Is no Irrigation, 
and therefore no agriculture, until we reach 
Coronel, on the Imy of Arauco. and a little 
beyotid OoTOMl. Lota, with il* verdant woods 
climbing up the bill - side, ami contrasting 
strangely with the smoking chimney stock* 
and ure barren const around. The oasis Is. 
however, entirely artificial . it i* the park of 
Lola aurroqn.iing the elegant chflleau which 
Bcflora Cuu«ir,i> is now building for herself 
on the bluff hat commands a view of the 
Pacific, of lire bay. and of the vast establish- 
ments o wired hy lire Coiuiho fmnily along 
tire shore. 

We are here in the heart of the Chilian 
cool district. Lola Is tire- place where lire 
first coal was obtained when Don Matins 
Couaiflo established the Industry in 1SV5. 
At first some difficulty wo* experienced in 
introducing the coal into the market, there 
being a prejudice ugnlust It on account of 
tire quality. I -ota dial I* 1-1 lo 20 per cent, 
inferior to English steam coal; it t* a 'ills 
stance between lignite and true coal, and be- 
long* to the lower tertiary formation. In 
the Lota district the coal lie princi- 

pally under the sen. but further south IlMIT 
are 'found more inland. Tire limit* of this 
eoal bed arc Tome, in Concepcion Bay, on the 
north, and CnireU* on tire- south, the whole 
length of Ure Chilian coal field Mug hIkmiI 
100 mile*. The atralificalkma all Incline tow- 
ard the west. At Lot* there arc three work- 
able scums. The first scutn is about Olio 

• Pollosclne «« InrersMlnir illnslrslist nrlirta by 
TtisnAam Child mi -'Ttu- NHlnle IhWft of Tarapsct. 
pi (untied in Him«> Wmm t«r firphoaber ti, CO®. 


metre thick, then come* a layer of shale and 
mudstone 3i> metres thick, with Irelnw it the 
second seam, also about a metre thick, and 
then below auotber nine nre-tre hit er of shale 
and mirelstoire ootnre tire third and finest 
seam, 1 .80 metres in thickness Tire best 
Lota coal is extracted from below the sea, 
where tire quality is more regular and lire 
seam* have rawer fault*. The greatest depth 
of her submarine galleric* is 2*io metres. 

Five pits are now being worked by the 
Cooxiihi Company, with a daily output of 
from £ll0 to HKKMoii-t. and mi annual pruduc 
lion of IKt 000 to 320,000 ton*. From i-VMt 
to !»0» miner* an- employed, tiny work 12 
hour* a day. and earn from 80 cents to fit 75, 
Chilian paper currency. The cixtl bi-wers 
ure paid *» much it truck. The VcriOMI 
Luve free lodging and free water tut lire c*. 
tale, cueh family receiving two nsuus, rent 
free, in good brick bouses constructed with 
due regard to hygiene. Tire miners' homes 
numlx-r Rbout 100. which gives an average of 
two tamale* for cadi roam. 

The lowest pit has a vertical depth of 280 
metres, ami the |dl. which is entirely under 
the sua. has a maximum tlqslt of sao'iuetrw, 
attained hy an inclined plain- Out] metres long, 
up and down which tire trucks ure rim by 
menus of an racilcM chain. Till* pit gives It 
daily output of U'HI tons, and Ihe hind of Ihe 
inclined plane. which you si r sinking gradu 
ally into dal k tires, is one of Ihe busiest spots 
in Chili, and one of the r><wic*l also, for the 
clutiu rattle* incessantly, the trucks ure; swung 
up with it tuah and a bang over au irou plat 
form, and the empties hitched on to the chain, 
ami sent cradling back again into tin- hnaeU 
of the earth with terrific und deafening ra- 
pidity In Ihi* Mibmariue pit there i« it good 
deni of gas mid fire-damp so that the miners 
use safety. huilps, but in the vertical huid pits 
•here i* very little git*, mid the men camr lit- 
tle tiu In rn | a with oim-u, llaming wicks, fixed 
oik the (root of tlK lf CH|M, These cap* are 
made of leather and ornamented with reiuDil- 
headctl braoa nails In the best declgi** ihat the 
owner can invent, litre of the chitmeterv>ur 
sights of Lot* k* to sec lire miners walking 
buine after nightfall, in Iintiau file or in 
group* of two or three, with their lamp* in 
thill caps burning brightly and suggesting 
fire-llics. Our illustration will givi-'an itk-n 
of tome of ibetu worthy fellowa, wire are 
true Chib-mw, having the vires and the qual- 
ities of the race— intelligence, improvidence, 
ami intemperance. About two third* of the 
miners nl Lota are pertnairetit work era ; the 
remaining third work in tire rnirm eight 
month* out of the twelve, mid the other four 
ilu-y become agricultural hands. Iioth for the 
sake of a change and in order lo pmlil by 
tire log Ire i pay obtained during Ikarvot linre 
After the Christman pay-day many of the 
men leave the in l tie* mid take a c hange of 
air, This fact i* an interesting proof of the 
versatility of lire Cliillau*: they can torn 
their luiiid* to anything The miner* live 
well mid cat soup, beef, potalocu. ntid white 
hrcaii, hut they itrink only ruffes' and wui- r 
while they ure at work. This diet c-mts ubuiit 
fill it month, and as the average monthly 
earning* lire fi24 to 821 the miner lias a bal- 
ance of fill to filti for clothes, luxuries, and 
jollification. They an: paid hy the month, 
and after pay day llrey get drunk for several 
day*. *iog. mu] dance the "ciicca," Amongst 
tlie Loin miners you sce'niany pure Spanish 
tyi»e*. and on the whole there Is niiwli lew 
1*111 linn Idood vbihlc than there is in the more 
northern provinces, and although a* a chtw 
titc tuiln ntinars are fur from hxndsomr still 
you do occasionally meet one with regular, 
well-formed feature* of n pronounced anil 
rercignixnble lypc-. wlK’reae amongst the hy- 
brid " pcooca thi* is not the cat*'. 

The minrrs cm tbe Lola establishment are 
well treated, and thoirlot Is infinitely prefer- 
able to that of the average (Tliilittu workmen. 
Tlie mines arc well veniilnud: nil tire ■*- 
cltinery for winding und htnwiug is excel- 
lent; when tire men are sick a fine and charm- 
ingly situated hospital is remiv to receive 
then and treat them gratis; while besides the 
four government *rh-»>l* in Lota itself, there 
lire two schools on the Cousiiio estate attend- 
ed by some 300 enildrcn The whole popu- 
lation of Lota, including both the upper nnd 
lower town-, is about I4.0U0, and tire whole 
number of children attending school ln twccn 
306 and 000. 

Tito Iretn eatnlilislkment U officially known 
under tire title uf the Cnnqiniiin Kxploradorn 
de Lota y Corotrel. lire oompany having been 
formed *ome years ago hr Don Luts Con 
elfto, son uf the- founder. lion Mat las; hut nil 
the share* nre owned hy the family, so that 
It is really equivalent to a privnlu enterprise. 
The clear profit* for Ihe year Ito-S were. 1 imt 
Informed, fil.200.000 (Chilimii. Tire estate. 
Tunning in * narrow hand along tbe »<*- shore. 
ueuu|des a superficies of alnret cure square 
utile, awl Include*. Isaddea the five ntlue* nl 
Li i-’ii and tire linen Retiro Mine north of Co- 
ronet, Hutching- work*, cla*s- work*, brick 
work*, all provided with niachtnery and 
menus of transport. Uflinety. 13 steam in- 
ginrs, H nir • cumpn^mica, 7 rompet^oed - air 
pumps. -I locomotive*. Mveral bundresl 
tnu-k*. and 4 kilometre* of railwny. wliiclt 
brine the varUnia de|Hiitniriit* into cuflitmi- 
nication with two mole* in Lo<a Hay. one 
mole I, * eltlps and the ollrer for ligl iters. 
Tire company Ims four simmer* of from NXl 
to l'Jftt) tuns buidcn. and several sailing *lti|e<. 
which carry r*ial north to supply the I’acitic 
|Mirts, sod return south with a cargo of cop- 
per ore for tire 1-otn smelting-works, which 
were established originally to use up tbe 


shirk from tire mine* at a time when Chili 
coni had not yet obtained a regular market. 

Tire smrlung worka, wln.se chimney* are 
Carried by a tun m l deep into the hill-siilt-, 
and find an i*sne in the two tall stacks that 
vomit furtli inrexoint volume* of yellowish- 
white smoke, btvloudlng the hi>dMW|ie. nnd 
producing effr-<l* whirii Would have rapti- 
tbe pnlnler Turner, well repay a visit. 
They are tire Largest in Chili, and consist nf 
a long eerie* of brown sired* covering fur- 
niir*-* from which inolrm nrela) roll* forth 
Indaz/.ling rivulets of fire; heaps of ore; pile* 
of h«t copper; enormou* Idoat pipe* stretclk- 
iiiL- orerliL-mt from point to [Kiiut. cychq'c.in 
kettle*, on wheels. otlrerwlM known us con- 
verter*; truck* ninuiiig lo and fro; iron 
Ivt-kcU full of burning slag emitting sul- 
phurous vapor* nnd feeble tongue* of lihre 
ilium- These w nik- give employ menl to ftlXJ 
im n. and when ill full swing tire -y turn out 
Hh <i ton* of eopper it month, mo-itly liv llic 
u-,i:il pramw of furnace calcination. Thus 
lire iv nre 7 funiaccs of 2J ton* capacity 
each, for tnatlng the raw ore and pnslucing 
rcgulus of Ml |>cr crot copper 'hiis regu- 
Iiim llreu requires to be cruihuil ai d calcinct:l. 
for which purpose there are 14 cab ining fur- 
nace*. nnd finally 9 furnace* for making latr 
copper of 97 per cost, nominal aud tW per 
m nt mtnntwL 

lb wide* tire usual smeitlng proc wnca . the 
Lotn works nre begitiuing to employ the 
Munlu’s conveners, which are lire Cyclopean 
kettles uotieed above, invented bv David 
Mania's, of IipiillcH, near Ly«ms. Three of 
these Mmilu'-s converter* ore in openili'Mi at 
I* da since the beginning of U-i year, and 
three nilirn: an- Is-itig built Tlie Mnnh(a 
converter is simply an appliciitiou of the 
liesrefirer-stcr! prnevos to the production of 
liar cop|cr. Ucgulu* mnlaininr 30 jrer cent, 
cnpprr ia run into tire kettle hot from tbe 
furnure. then blast is thrown on lo die mow, 
and nfler nlxml two hours - blow mg tire tnelal 
can be mu out into liar* of trtsj pr-r rent 
pure ropper. Tbe coo verier dUpenM* with 
calcination ami the other ordinary proirw<* 
of converting regulus info latr cop|rer, which 
i* a matter of some lliirtv »ix Itoura; it ecoti- 
omi/xw linre. lulior. anil fuel, anil produce* a 
purer and richer copper On die other 
bund, it require* gre.il cure ami attention, 
for if the rcgulus is overblown or under- 
blown tlie result is roaiprondu'd There 
iccril*. too, to be considerable difficulty in 
keeping Uw Ultst hole* iqs-n . the moorent 
the cop|>er begins to run. it sinks liv its ow n 
weight, and tends to clog the air holes. which 
therefore require to be eunlinuidly probed 
with iron roils during the uireriitiou 

The Lota gins* works is tire only cwtnMish- 
metit of dm kind in Chill : it t-' funusireti 
widi Siemens gas furnace*, and liim* out 
about P.Ki.tHJO bnttlca ■ moo’ll, besides vari- 
ous articles, such a* telegraph insulator*. In 
glass-blowing mnl furuace- Work 80 men aud 
imy* are rmidoycd- 

The brickworks ptrsiucc building and fire 
brick*. g*s- retort*, flower |hh*. drain-pqies, 
nnd tiles; they employ lift men nnd (atys, 
anil turn out tibout 2.IXHUM10 Wicks a year. 
Tire only Are -clay hitherto discovered in 
Chill b found ut Lota. Iielow the lower uud 
main cual senm. 

Resides the above sections we must men- 
tion a general machine and work shop, or 
neicstrati/Ji, where Htl men nre employed at- 
tending to repair., making tools, etc. 

Altogether the Diln establishment, with ita 
various branches, give* employment to some 
iiiXN) people. Tiu’ cowl min<-» are tbr most 
extensive in Chill. No other ml tiro reach 
the <Hit|iut of IHft.tNW to 3311.000 ton*, which 
k* lire mimed average at Lota. Tire output 
Df tire other principal mine* in tint Cltlilao 
c wl Held may Ire estimated it* follow-* . the 
Bcltwugcr mines, nt Coronel. Tft.OtN) ton* • Ro- 
jas mill' s, nt OoMad, flO.OOO tons; tire Er- 
ra^uria mine*, at Lelnt. 4o,'Hst tons; and tbe 
Anneo Company, fiO^Ofifi tom. Tlii* kwi 
compntiy Is, however, greatly increasing its 
output. The total annual ]trndticlion of trial 
in (Tiili may Ire estimat'd at -MNJ.WO too*, 
nnd alsait 3X1.000 to 900.0011 ton* arc import 
ed from England and Australia Lola coal 
brings filtt (Chilian) placctl on board in I/en 
lUy, and is used fur nleiimiiig. gits, and smell 
ing. The government official statistic* slate 
that in Itftyttbc export af Chilian caul amount- 
ed to 12H.W0 metric ton*, having a value of 
fil, 314. 2.111 1 Chilian). 

A firm I note. — With lire exception of Ihe 
manager «f the macslmnza, who |* a Oemmn, 
tire lulids of tire vitriott* deinrltm'nis nt l^itu 
me nil Englidt; several of them, il Is true, 
bunt in Chili, but still Kuglisli lu language, 
linbiis. and g* Min’. 

Wr »|rent two tiny* inspecting tire iodit*- 
tital nmrvefc, of Loin, and enjoying tire l»us- 
pitality of various obliging gen tlftm-n, whom 
we found mllnirahly provided with the uexxw 
sarle* ami luxurir* of cxisiciH-c We were 
nho KqurolMl lo feel ill borne in the dub* 
It-niM’ at Loto. which once more excited my 
surprire by lire relative cvimpk'lenes* of its 
atipoiniiiisiiv Veracity oblige* nre to *tat« 
that one of the most important frnturcs in 
Clillian dub* 1 h tire bar room. As for lire 
town of lytlii it -elf, thrve is nothing pur- 
tlntlar to Ire wild except that upper I>ita, 
with it* ociil villa* surrounded hy garden*, 
reminds one of au English sea-id.' town. I 
cannot, however, leave tire plius- without dc 
votiug a few hues lo tire Coiisifko boure nnd 
pxik, which i* one of tire show -place* of 
Chili, and certainly one of tire uiosl Ireauti 
ful garden* in the wlredo world, Tire house, 
which is stilt in construction, is a reminis- 


cence of some of the nv>M charming chfiteaug 
of Touraiire. It stand* on the nitrite ii of a 
bluff ju'ting out into tire tea ts-tweerj the 
hay of Lota and lire lay of Corouel, rnm. 
iniinding a nmgniflceur view on three iklr* 
over lire ocean, und on lire fourth tide over 
wood* ami gardens. Tills bluff u entirely 
covered with Iretw and flower* right down to 
tin- water * edge, and la laid out with many 
mile* of paths tlusl wind caprichHisly up nod 
down, over hridiro*. along termer* overhang- 
ing the sen. through grottoes and cuseaiin 
runt irellised pa-aages radiant with the splen- 
did red l«T- flower* of the Copivia nr L>|.« 
geita roM.with which the Chilian ladle* deck 
their hail w» effectively Never 1 m vr I arm 
(Mil’ll iiburidiuice nnd variety of flowers as in 
thi- gun Util, or a finer aud completer collec- 
tion of the trees nnd shrub* of North and 
Jmhi til America. The park of Lotn Ure re- 
sult of twenty years' a*siduou*nUeiitli>u. need* 
only a CNlnlogite to be one of the brat botiui- 
leal gnr.leua in tiw world, as it is certalatjr 
the most picturesque, for ccrlainly no other 
gnriien or park exists «i favomldy situsteil. 
and where ndvuntage can Ire taken at every 
step of iutroduclug n water view into the 
flowery landscape. 


COASTING. 

Aimooai tire impnlarhy of Ure toboggan 
ajqrenr* to have liet-n on tlie wane for Ure 
[mst year or two. tire rvaidenbof that cltnrm- 
ing snlKirlMit ilinrict known aa the Oranges 
riiltliinre ell lliihstiislic. Indeed, tire slide nf 
the F-»ex County Club hn» not been so pat- 
roufzei! since it* runs4ructii>u ■*>. thi* season. 
Even Canada, tbe home of lire sport, hw* thi* 
year lunicl il» Khoulder -nnd a cold one. too 
—on toUntgamng lu favor of skating, mid 
Montreal, where their were formerly half a 
<1 omii public slide* and quite u nuiulrer nf 
private one*. Ira* not opened a single chute. 
W liv lire *|Mirt should liave languished in 
Canada, where there i* every natural and 
pity ileal advantage for its per) actuation, ia a 
Lit muling. The reason for its deterioration 
in the t inted Stair* i* not mi difficult to UB- 
'leraiaod. Uirecrtiiin winters, cost of con- 
sirnction and maintenanen. and Ure diacoun- 
tenoneing of it by thnt tnimilahlr geriiu* Ihe 
small bov, who ha* always regarded it os a 
usurper of lire rapei-inl domain w here he and 
his *:<<d hold undisputed away. As we grow 
ohler we are inclined In l» fickle in our pur- 
suit of rvcrnitlon, and a hit lazy an well 
The stenm displace* the railing yacht; shin- 
ny, or h'N’kei, tui the English bnve it, give* 
way to polo the toboggan drive* the bled 
from the lull, but, inn- to hi* first and in- 
deed only love, for tlie sled has never been 
forsaken, the small Imy discern* the ring of 
true spore with an intuition that is wclliiigh 
infallible, and Irednc* not desert tlie cooMlug 
hill. 

CnwMing! Alt. tirenr indeed Is sport! Even 
a< I |s-n Ihb. sitting hiirh tip in lire stuffy 
atmosphere of our dirty city, where the mule 
and din of track* ami elevated railway car* 
ordinarily make thinking almost an Inqmssi 
biiity, 1 am impervious, for I am latck to my 
ewrti' boyltorsl days, nnd sent forth, well bun- 
dle# up nnd wiin many a loving maternal 
admonition, to the first trial trip on mv new 
*hsi, it very low affair *bnd with round Iran, 
ami tire front proj'Y'ling into two formidable 
l*nint. tlrat uudoxildedly fathctvd lu ebarac 
teristlc If nut culltireil name of "pig-stick- 
er " I well rememU r It waa tire latest pro- 
dueliou iti shd craft at that day, and the only 
one iu tire treltbbofbood nf my residence. 
It wns remarkitlily fast, and tJn* quantity of 
awei tureats and "ilrer lmyiab lures offered 
for il* loan would have prnhalily kept lire on 
my buck nil the following summer. I con- 
dole m ills Hint mini wlm in Inter year* is un- 
able to recall tire min gled feeling of affection 
nte ownership and joyous atiliclpnliim with 
which the xnmll ls>y clasp* the slcii to hi* 
breast preparatory to » nip down lull. A 
momentary < xpression of surprise and oven 
regret nmy overspread lib countenance at 
the shock a*, after a short run. Ire launehr* 
himself forward, nnd land* seine six or eight 
fret front ihe stalling-point, but face down- 
ward, about tire only point of minuet licing 
in tire region of lire waiHbond of his breechra, 
but distress rapidly fade* away ns tlie ex- 
Idlaraiioii of plunging down bill head fore- 
most moke* iiself felt throughout Ida being 

Like the toUiggaD, its more pretentious 
Ihii levs popular fellow, the uphotMered bob 
of todnv i* lire evolution of u very modest 
affair It probably owed Its ctiatence to the 
s'Y'iiilhliiy of some youngster, who, finding 
that hi* sled was not equnl to Id* demand*, 
combined interest* with u chum, and. togeth- 
et with tlie lutlcr's sled, a long huuol, nnd a 
king-boll, produced what, if iiatcntcd, would 
have tniule tlieir fortunes. Tire early clnya 
of lire sled do not xi'tn to have created »a 
inuih interest w lh«H<t' of lire toboggan. 1 
doubt if wc have traced Hh origin to such a 
certainly, or rather have recorded it* first 
appearance’ mi accurately. We know the 
tohugipto of eurliesl history was n strip of 
ircc l*ark five or six feet in length, turned up 
at lire forward end to prevent It from rutting 
and ploughing into the snow, nnd thnt it 
swine to us from the Norih-Anvertcnn Ind- 
ian*. fvi likewise, undoubtedly . the sled waa 
with our forefather* in tlie gissl okl colony 
day* mi implement of ireceraity. Some inip- 
i'li youngster protuihlv ttcani'pered off one 
Huffiay moruing with the family ded. that 
piitcrfaniilio* ieid draggcsl Louie tlie pieced 
ing night with Ihe week'* piovlslotvs. and 
very likely the first slide down hill was a* 



FEBRUARY 14, 1891. 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 


119 


unexpected an it wa* joynu*. Certain it is 
that the sport in the New England sad Mid- 
dle State* ha* been enjoyed time out of mind. 

Until about ten year* ago coasting was 
more or lea* disorganized. and pretty well 
monopolized by the small lioy. lriiw to tlie 
carnival awl toboggan *lidc* of Montreal 
lir.ro fruit, however, and about tat const 
ing clutM began forming in s few favored 
town* along the Hudson River. In New 
England. w ben' the sport lias undoubtedly 
II stronger bold than elsewhere. lliere Ins 
□ever been any o|nh-UI ttecewrity for i tub*, 
for the indulgence is more general, and in 
every Iowa during the season the la-sl bill is 
duly set aside by ilw Aldermen for the exclu- 
sive use of the bob, or "traverse," a* they 
cull it in Vermont. In *4 lit spotting fe- 
ver resulted in tbe construction of a lohog- 
gnn slide in Saratoga, the flr*l in the coun- 
try, but it failed at once to lake the edge off 
counting. A little later, wlwu Utica. AlUtny. 
OraDjre, Boston, amt New York pul up dub-*-, 
that were specxlilv followed by a numlier of 
private one*, (hasted was preuy generally do- 
M-rtrd. and tin- small Iwiy once again reigned 
supreme mid itlulle. ‘lue yml of '87. how- 
ever. practically *»n- llic clots- of the tobog- 
gan craze . and *iuce that time rousting, with 
a few isolated exception*. has occupied the 
attention of winter sportsmen. It 1ms bent 
practically also In the pewt few year* that 
the bob hna readied it* greatest devchqHiM-nl, 
and 1 mav say incidentally increased the ele- 
ment of danger very materially. 

Tlie re arc some things in tbit world that 
the average nun belicvca he cun do a* well 
as another, and guiding a bub is one of 
them A* a matter of fart. I recall no 
single sport that require* gnwter experi- 
ence or mow dl«pas*luu*te judgment. Ev- 
ery one that gets on a bob behind an in- 
different or nervous guide-mini virtually 
takes bis chancre of life along with him. 
To the layman I may seem to portray 
the situation with more emplkasis than it 
demand*. Hut tlii* is not so, and it is the 
insignificance attached to tlie mutter Hint 
hit* caused in nine cases out of ten live de- 
plorable accidcola. news of which bun bow 
and again liccn sent liroudcasl by that Isind 
of chronic grumblers who protest against 
others participating in wbnt they fail to en- 
joy. 

1 have MMtMl in this country in ibwt ev 
cry place where the spirt is practicable, and 
am sorry to say have seen many accidents, 
but I recall only one or two thui did not re- 
sult directly from criminal carelewtiess or 
ignoraucxi. In the tint place, comparatively 
few attueh sufficient importance to the great 
force with which u tourled bob slwra* down 
bill. If vou were to ask them to imagine 
the speed that a ated loaded with a ton of 
coal would attain, mid the difficulty of steer- 
ing lest a rut send it over or a sudden turn 
twM It to one side, it might diiwn uprai 
them that a huh loaded with from leu to Ilf 
teeo Hud even twenty people is at least its 
formidable, t ‘ousting is undoubtedly the 
most exhilarating ami fascinating of sports, 
even more so than lobnggaoing. for w bile in 
the hitter rase- speed Is attained quicker, the 
ded shortly overtake* and greatly distance* 
its rival. It can never, however, obtain the 
favor it should enjoy among tho lictter ele- 
ment of sportsmen and women uulil they 
have a clear practicul conception of it* dan 
am. and the neenwity of diMusoctntiiig the 
sport of today from the blip- hazard. happy - 
go lucky sliding down hill of our forefatlirr* 

The iir*t sknlc* wete huge unwieldy uf 
fairs, about two feet long, with a ton that 
lost itself in an elnlxiratc cur! reaching mid- 
way to the knee; locomotion was the limit 
of the possibilities of these primitive affairs. 
The first lee yachts, or rather boat*— MOWS 
would probably more appropriately describe 
them — were very simple contrivances, a spe- 
cies of combined sail boat anil *b*l. that in- 
vested tho sport with a questionable degree 
of pleasure Today lee yachting. a* shown 
bv tla 1 tine fl.ct on the Hudson, of wliirli 
Mr. Juba A Roosevelt is the commodore. I* 
a snort fit for kings, while the yachts arc 
built and managed on scientific line*. How 
then with our coasting. that hold* forth a» 
much pleasure as any of them? Although it 
has iiteti elaborated with upholstered plank, 
patent brake*, etc-, the hob of today is pruc 
ticaliy tbe same that the smuil hoy and Ilia 
chum constructed many yean ago 

To begin with, under iio mnsidrmllnn 
should a hill In (own be tired, miles* tho 
entire route is lighted and im-n are station 
el at every crow street. If there arc tree* 
on tint line, a mound of well packed snow 
should be built on tlie Inside of every owe. 
to Uirow off the front rtmnrra should a 
collision result frran the sleerer losing con- 
trol. lu the nbtcnce of snow, hay ran «l 
ways bo obtained. 1 have no doubt the ev- 
ery day reckless (toaster will receive three 
suggestion* ns well meuut but over careful. 

I refer him te» tlie long list of horrible acci- 
dents from crashing into trees uud v* agon* , 
moreover, I ant talking of wlnt mu-t come. 
i. r.. euret ing as an organized apnrl, with 
course, management. etc . equal to the to. 
boggan elute Tbe cause of many accident* 
In road roasting is tlie sibling of tbe Isdi 
from the centre to (lie curb, or the striking 
of a nit or bump, which is pretty apt to 
give a twist to tbe front runners a* they urn 
thrown into the air, which, bringing them 
down at mi angle, be it ever so small. (*nd* 
the tied on an «-rmtic course very difficult 
to overcome without an upuct. or sometime* 
much worac. 


Fifteen hundred pounds, distributed in ait 
area of, say, ten feet long ami two feet wide, 
travelling at the rale of thirty ralkw an hour, 
is very cranky on the rudder. There ate one 
or tw’o methods, I Iwbevc. to clear the way 
of all alMtuclrn, and leave Use sport free of 
the danger* thill now lie wet It AecidetiK 
except those from a collision with nxtd-rro**- 
ing wagons, come from losing control of the 
sled. consequent upon the steering appara 
tus fulling Id respond pro|wrly Hobs are 
s|mh| with either fiat or round iron— chief. 
!y Uni, I lieiirve — aod nothing blit weight 
keeps them from sliding tideway* If tire 
runners were of steel and made a right an- 
gled trinugle. tlw bypothenro*- facing out. 
there would be grip upua U*e surface of tbe 
lend snow HmiI would enable the sleerer to 
retain absolute control. The steering gear 
should I*- made with a great deni of tare, for 
it mean* either wifely or destruction to tlie 
piuncugers. Don't have any foot-steering np 
parntus; the legs are strong enough, but not 
sufficiently quick, or tbe muscle* an suscep- 
tible of control as those of the atm* Eschew 
also hand mode wooden affair* Tlie steer- 
ing bob should work on a plate similar to tbe 
arrangement of tbe rear wheels on a book 
and lurider fin 1 truck, then- should la- cog- 
wheels and a well-made upright bar. to which 
Uic steering wheel U nttoelM-d. Don't tolcr- 
ate a crtttsliar: Use wheel should lie u«.d in- 
variably. There arc dozens of Itrakes. fancy 
and primitive, but I have never yet discov- 
ered or heard of one lhat equal* the simple 
block of wood uttacbed to tbe Ixih by arbuin. 
and dropped In front of the rear runner* 
when occasion demand*. Yon are about in 
the same relative position with tlw- brake on 
>* tlw front iervmau with hts revolver. When 
you need it. you want it laidly, and it must 
Is* in-tiininiii-n.iB in application ami effective 
in result. Bob* si urn Id never lie lunger than 
from eight to ten feet : ami by all means avoid 

S cttiiur tlw greatest weight on the I nick, for 
t ban tlw same effect a* landing tlw a tent of 
a row-boat ami throwing the l*>w into the 
air. Tlw Hleeivr of necessity must ail back 
a little, and in order to keep weight over Hie 
fmut runners, have the plunk extended far 
enough to rent am' uiuti in front of tlie steer 
ing wheel A hob miule on Ihi* plan, and 
manned by an experienced, cool beaded coast- 
er, I* as safe ns a toboggan 

Philadelphia probably goes in for coasting 
more than any other city. tlw numerous hilt* 
of it* subuihs making llw licit of sport |m*- 
tible Xew York Is »t u diradrattiage in this 
respect, but along tlw Hudson there are op- 
piirtuiilllcs galore. To sih.Ii all extent bus 
the interest in the sport In-cn amused, that 
ninny of our wealthy sportsmen reveree the 
order of fashionable life, and take a cottage 
for lb« winter in sonic of tbe town* uluug 
tho river, holding a nwtry carnival with tlwir 
friends so long a* the snow Hie*. A lillUt 
more otguiil/atmn ami common sense in tlw 
sport iaii*l we shall *re coasting hi the zenith 
of popularity. 


NEW LIBRARY OF 
PENNSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY. 

Thk new library building of lb* University 
of Pennsylvania, which woa formally opened 
an February 7tii. Ih an imposing ainwiure of 
till brick and Stone, the effect of which i« 
heiglitencil by it* advantageous jKisituin in 
tlie i-uuiplcx of university building* at llw ln- 
leroeetinn of Woodland Avenue ami Thirty- 
fourth Street, The arctiitecu are Menr*. 
Furarea, Evans, A Co. , who hnve reason to 
fe« I proud of the result of tbelr work, both 
ns to exterior and , more especially, interior 
arrangement. Tlw dt-leu of the building U 
unique, ami may beat be described as a com- 
bitialian of (Jathie and French types, wliirli, 
while not altogether liarmonwiim. yet pro- 
diH-reon the whole a very pirnsing effnrt. 

Purtwubir care ha* been directed inward 
wlapting die interior arrangement to library 
|Mtrpote«; and In perfecting their pluns the 
university niitltoritlc* have availed tin m 
selves of the experience of well know n libra- 
rian* and it will lie generally admitted that 
in tbi* re*|N*'i the new edifice will stand a.* n 
model for future ci.nstrui tkuis of thk* char 
act sr. 

The building mm lie divided iutolwo pari.*: 
the towrr.il.l fis't iiigh with the extension in 
amphitlwairirul form, in all lfDxkO feel, on 
tlw one side; and the glnaa-rovered " slack." 
JK if 1 III feet, on tlw other. l*u*sing through 
ilw Iwadaoiriw entrance at 1 1 w cent re. we come 
into the spra-ioo* hull, to tlw right of which 
i* the Wardrobe, while to the left the hoik*- 
tinder tlw Imposing staircase has horn lilted 
up as a meeting-room for uuireniily sock-tie*. 
Crowing the hall we enter the main reading- 
room, again divided into two srdiuna the 
•ilw, 40x42 feel. with an uninterrupted spuiv 
In tlw roof, a bright of atumt fit) fret the 
otlwr. an extension lu *eml«'ircular form. 
4* i x .14 feet, terminating in six u|povr*,12>: 18 
feet. Ill addition to thr^e. there i* a larger al- 
cove at tlw side, lighted by windows, The 
wall* of the reading- room are finished in brick, 
relieved by numerous terracotta pillar* and 
arched winilow*. Tw o archway*, supported 
liyi-idiiriiii'.w'paratetbe front id tin- rvmllllg 
loom frotn tlw Isiek, which is *rt aside more 
part ir-iilnriv far Ilw MildenK w hile the alcoves 
are dcvotml t* > periodicals, seminary purpows. 
nuil private work. 

A feature of these alrovts Is tbe strong 
light which is Irt in through n skylight. 
Tlie smaller reading-room receive* hV light 
from the semicircular row of window* at a 


height of about twenty feet, while In tlie 
larger room ample provision for light is 
made by a row of windows an one side and 
a large skylight in tbe centre. At the one 
end, and immediately ad joining tlw nit retire 
to the muling room, is tlw receiving desk, 
from which there isthe entrance to the ls>ok 
stacks imnmliatcly behind, while further to 
the left i* situated llw lilirariuir* office. • 
coxy little apartment, that again com muni- 
(ales with tlw ralalagtliiig natm; tlie hitter, 
IfixfiO feet, I* In reality an extension beyond 
(lie nailing room und, like the alcoves, it re- 
ceivtw Its Tight from the lop. The separa 
lion lietwrm the rateloguing nswu und llw 
reading-room I* formed by an ehdmrnte *e- 
ri«a of cose* of tkt drawers, comaining tlw 
catalogue tanls of the library, one cose la- 
iag devoted to an arrangement of cnnl* ac- 
cording to subject*, the other lu u duplicate 
anangi nveiit according to author* A fea- 
ture of the I'use* a lhat they may l«- pulled 
out In cither direction, and can lira* Is- con 
suited a* convenient I v by Ihr clerks in tlw 
cataloguing loom as by ibe readers in the 
reading-room The long wall of tlw cat* 
uing room Inis accommodation* fur <5tM*j 
untM, while in llw liaunieat Iwnentii 
there is n store-room With uccommislat ions 
fur 15.000. A delivery room in the lat*e 
meat, with a separate entrance from the 
Mm-t. cumiunukcstes with llw cntalnguing 
room by mean* of an elevator A* rapidly 
as the ltook* are catalogued, lliev are placed 
on truck* and rolled into the Ijonk-titeck. 

f’axaiug front llw rei-eiv ing nsun into the 
latter, the visitor is steuck by tbe novel fea- 
ture* for tlw accommodation of book*: you 
almost fancy yottraclf id h glass palace, for 
wherever oiw Took* — tlw ceiling, llw Hooting, 
and the upper part of tlw wall*— one see* 
nothing but glass Running llw length of 
tbe building are tbe shelve*, eunvc-oirntly 
divided into rows. each acronimnduiing about 
5400 volume*, besides shelves ulong the end*, 
which give a total capacity of 100.000 vol 
unw* for llw grwitid llnar Tlw bmrment 
beneath, which i« ul present ael aside for 
newspaper, pampldet. and periodical eullee- 
tious, is equally *|Kiciuu«. while everything 
i* In rendlnea* to mi*e threw stories of gla*- 
Ounring whenever retpnred above the ground- 
fioiMr. and without materially affecting the 
light of tbe latter and of tlw faiseniMit The 
total capacity would thus reach over 350.tX.t0 
volume* with tlie further possibility uf ex- 
tending the slack Itself through the exterior 
wall Indefinitely. Tlw construction — gln**» 
und Iron — i* entirely fire proof ; and cut off, 
us tlw slack is. front tlw rest uf tin 1 building 
by two wall* of brick, with ao air space be- 
tween. It will be seen that the protection for 
the lionks i» as ample as ran ls> contrived 
A unh|Ue feature in the rurol ruction of tbe 
glu*s floor condfct* in llw fluing of tlw glass 
nidrs within rolled star bar* of iron support- 
ed on Iron lawn*. Tbe slack* rest lug utyiti 
Ibe star lairs, tiw lop* are m causliui-ti-d a* 
to permit tlw satur plan to be carried out in 
tbe erection of a second story, Di*tl United 
lu tlie stack spticc are a number of table* for 
tlw convenience of throe who in special can* 
require lu work In llw immediate vicinity of 
tlwlssikz. hut it may lu- well to add in Ibt* eon. 
iiection that running along llw main reading- 
room are alwlves oil which are placed llw 
reference work* nud dictionaries constantly 
needed by reailera and students, and mi al*I> 
the alcove* are fitted up with a shelving ca- 
|Mu-iiy of #xm rolunws each, ami which it ia 
mlciuied to set aside for *|s-eial eolb-rtloos 
tlmt may lai pri'ieutcd or loaned to tlw uni- 
versity " 

Tbe book* at tbe university library at nre 
rent Bomber between ninety and oiwiiuuJti-d 
iboiuand, embracing some unique and niiii- 
suallv valuable collect Ions. Among these 
may lw mentiiMinl the C-olwell library, w hiclt 
is tvcunled as the meat complete rulleclion 
of old work* on finance and poll! leal econ- 
omy in this country, further supplemented 
liy "tlw Henry C. Carey library. |strih ulnrly 
rich in statistical literature, uinl with constant 
accemion* through tlw Joseph Wharton 
Fund, the university easily Ink.-* tiw lead of 
other libraries in tlii* parlH'iilar branch. 
Next in size ami xntlttc are the several philo- 
logical collection*. Fur gener.xl phihdogy 
■he university points with pride to the It 
brary of the late eminent philulogist I'ris 
feasor F. A. Foil. of Halle, purchased u|Mni 
Professor Pott'* dentil a few year* ago It 
U noteworthy for the large number of work* 
and pamphlets, miuty of them rare, that it 
eontaiiiH on mch subject* a* the origin 
of language. Ibe tilpbnla'i. the principle* of 
philology, tbe Aryan question, and tlw hi»- 
toev of names. 

In tlie rlussiral department tbe university 
has ju-1 added to Its »lu.Ke* tbe entire Idira- 
ry of Ibe late Professor Ernst von IavlM'h, 
(unsisline of upward of eighteen thousand 
voltinw* Tlw Latin and flreck author* are 
represented by copious editions of Unfir 
wmk* with tlie important coinnn utarte* »ml 
illuKtraliuu* uf ‘them that have appeansi in 
Obto i any mm especially, and slsoelaowbere 
So, for example, llw Homer division of tlw 
library contain* more than four hundred 
volume*, while the section devotrel In Cicero 
in Lit lu literature I* even larger 

Equally well reprc*ent<*t are the sect ion* 
on Lttin nml (ireck grammar, dictionaries, 
classical histories, mythology, antiquities, 
ami geography. Moreover, in his cupaciiy 
a* ediUir of the /'At/nfng «i«. the leading pbllo- 
logieal journal of Germany, Prof<*Mir fxoUrh 
received as exchange* sets of practically all 
philological periodicals uppraung in Ger- 


many. as well a* tbe proceedings of tiw vari- 
ous learned societie*. and finalTy the dlaseria- 
tlou* published l>y tlw graduates of Gcrvusu 
universities, and tlw Avpumw SrhrifttH js. 
*im*I by llw German iljtmiuitia. Tlw disser- 
tations uud J'ltif/iMHim SrknftfH alone uum- 
ijer ill (be imighborbo>H] of four thousand. 
Most of the*r were never offered for sale in 
tbe bonk market, and tliox- llial were hsv- 
long since ceased to figure in the regular 
catalogue*. There can lie no question that 
tlw Iltitveishy thus [h-m-sc- a nlasaicwl col- 
lection alnulutc ly unb|iw in this country, la 
the diMiiatn of Semitic luiiguagrs, the library 
coataius a very lliw Arabic collection, prac- 
tically Complete so far as Occidental publica- 
tion* of works Is-nriiig on AlalHc language, 
literature, and history of ibe Arab* arc con- 
cerned. Resides this there b a very gixsl 
Assyrian collection, a substantia! Iiody of 
look* on Hebrew, isitli elnssk-al nml post- 
Ublinil. and constant acressinnx arc made to 
meet tiw want* of the growing Semitic de- 
partment of the university. Finally, coming 
to modern Inuguagret. uwiilioti ought to lie 
mndc of an excellent German col lection pur- 
chased a few inonihs ago. In otlwr fields, 
tiw Seylwri library on Spiritualism i* worthy 
of mention, both Vnou-c of its size and its 
unique character, while ill history s|>ecbl 
efforts are now directrei to tlw American sec- 
tion. The growth of llw Iitmry during tlw 
|»*t few year* lia* been nl tbe "rate uf over 
leu tlMHi*nnd xoQualiy, and what with its 
enlarged accommodation* *ud tiw extension 
of tlw university in ail direct ion*, the increase 
in tin) future may be expoeletl to Ik even 
morn rapid. 

The present librarian in chief is Mr. Girg. 
ory n Keen. A ll . to whose energy and 
scholarly supervision much of the prem-nt 
nrosnertty is due. Tlw Militant librarian is 
Dr Morris Jaslrow, Jim., uimI tlxtne is sn 
additional force of three clerks The upper 
stories of tbe building have Is'cn set aside 
fur the urelueologtcul and ethnological col- 
lection* of llw university. In the second 
floor Is tlw Assyrian ami Egyptian muse- 
um, this contains a large number or the 
[s'culiar clay "contract tablets" of Babylo- 
nia, clay cylinder* from the temple* "and 
palace* of Ncliui'hudur»jtr, ns well us uiecl- 
mens of Babylotiinti literature, carts of im- 
portant moDtinwni* in the Hmi-h Museum, 
and tk tnl-cellaoeoos cuileetioo of an hav.lr^ 
giral objects frvim tlw moimds of Babylonia 
and Assyria. Perlui|H> mist attractive to tlw 
general public is au inscribed and sculptured 
slab of tbe Assyriun king A*hurtmxirbai 
tit c KH4-H«b. frirtit the jkiIuco of the wuxirat 
fuluh, discovered by Sir H. I myiud during 
bis exenvntlulk* in tlw mound* of Mesopo- 
tamia The Egyptian coHec-lioii, only re- 
cently begun. Is already quite rich in stones 
and objects of certain periods In Egyptian 
history . The third floor is divided into two 
section*, tlw front being occupied by the 
American and ethnological museum, v» lilt'll, 
under ibe curator-Jiip of Dr. C. (.’. Abbott, 
bid* fair in a short time to rival In Itulinu 
relic* and illustration* of ravage life the last 
collection* elsewhere. I^Mly. the back por. 
tlun, consisting of u suite of rmmu, rontsins 
llw famous ci .licet km of gem* aud liilUman* 
of all age* ami all I'ouu'.nc* belonging to Mi. 
Maxwell Kommervillc, )|» Somniervillc has 
sm-nt many yewis in making tiki* collection, 
tiw pet ol.k-ct of hi* life, and nhnt with a 
ncitulib- ailditini) recently made, it ranks 
among llw very first, if nut Uir first, in the 
world Sir. Summerville i* engaged in pre- 
paring hi* treasure* for public exhibition, 
and a fuller description of them cun only 
properly be given when the arduous m«k of 
it* owner shall ltsve been completed. 

SENATOR JONES. OF NEVADA. 

Sutt.xTuit Junkh. of Nevada, has had one 
of the most rcmnrkahle careers of anv uinn 
In Uangrau. lie wns bom in Herefordshire, 
England. In 1 mjh>. but his |»mi(* removed to 
tlii* conutn- la-fore be wa* a year old. and 
willed In tlw Western Ke*ervc, near (.'love- 
hind. As a l»oy he attended the Cleveland 
|Hihllc seb> Mkb for a few year*, but had no fur- 
ther smdetuic rdiwwlioa. 

Whi'ii the gold fever broke out in IWfl, 
Mr Jones, tlisn a boy of nineteen, caught it, 
and went to < aiifornin. where he engaged In 
mining and farming fur scveutmi years, and 
miule a good deni «.f money. While in Cali- 
fornia be served in Instil hrauehr* of tho Stale 
!> gitiaturc. lu lull* he removed to Nevada- 
ami went into extensive mining operations, 
which soon mndc him » reputed inilUanairs 
Ho wns clecttvl a United State* Setialur a* 
the Miocessor of Jnmus W . Nye. ami took Ids 
wal March 4, ls?:i and tlii* is bt* tlilrd rc- 
« lection. 

Allbmigli be is raw of llw "millionaire 
Senators." Mr. Junes is much mure than a 
millionaire lie i* recognized by bt* col- 
leagues a* one of the bcM rend and best- 
informi-il men in Congress, and a master of 
all tbnl rebite* lo coinage and finance. Hi* 
speeches on tlnur subjects are a inioe of in- 
formation, nml have proved s veritable ar- 
senal for the silver men " in Ixith Ifratws. 
lie and hi* colleague are among Ibe leaders 
• ■f the recent Repuhlieon holt oil tla.' closure 
rule and tbe election bill, sml arc Ixith in 
fav<tr of placing diver on a parity with gold 

Senator Join* i.* generally popular among 
his Seem oris! colleagues, lie wa* an e*p« 
rial friend of General (Irani, who eon-ldered 
him one of tit* Slioogxst men in the Seiiak. 
oml ullco rolled un hi* advu < and aieistauoc. 




HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1T8S. 


120 



Digitized by Google 


THE LAST SCENE OK THE LAST ACT OF THE SIOUX WA-R-Duawx bt H. P. Farkt. 



KEBKL'AHV H, laBl. 


HAKPEK’S WEEKLY. 


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[Till «”>,! n A i« «»"(!- . I JBlIjr .HUN aoxviio AY oxmvoooaoA 




122 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 


"BLUE SPECTACLES.” 

by jcsnx McCarthy. 


Cn AFTER I. 

"Oh, injr dear Mrs. SnndUTe, I can't Maud 

her!" 

" Hut. I-unU. my dear hoy. what nonsense! 
tilie is on© of tbe best girl# iti tbe world. She 
ha* plenty of good mw — yea- I do assure 
you, you will like her ever wo much when 
you come to know her.” 

" Uut I can't pome to know her; there's 
the trouble . don't you see Nobody could 
come to know her. She doesn't want to 
know anybody ’’ 

"Come, come, now. *h© wanU to know 

“ Oh. dues ehe* Tlwn why doesn't die try 
to know me? Why. I have been making up 
to her, under jrmir nuspkws, all thewday*. I 
have Ixrn nrtdoctliig ©mytbing and every- 
body for her." 

"’No. that you have not, inderd. You cer- 
tainly haw not been neglecting Miss Horton, 
my governess. " 

’■■Oh. by Jove. Mm SanclifTe. if it enmeo 
to tbat. I'd ever si* much raibci many Miw 
Horton, llie icovernena— " 

'■ Hliin spectacle* and nil?" 

" Well, the blue spectacle* ant trying, and 
1 should like a little mare hair than those 
few thin colorless wbps under that cap. Hut 
she la so clever, and she talks so well, and 
•be ask* iurh intelligent questions. and *be 
ia so sympathetic; and this other girl hasn’t 
a word to throw to a dog. You mubhi't 
arouse her cariosity about anything. She 
doesn't want to know any thing, she doesn't 
want to hear anything about anything; ibe 
dofan't know enough to waul to know any 

•' Looie. you am like a matt.'* 

"Well." be murmured, in Iwtf anieulate 
remonstrance, "you don't want rue to be like 
a woman!" 

" Yes, I do. in some thing*. I want you 
to le like a woman in reuaouablcuem — IQ 
aweet renaonablenetm.'' 

" 1 say. like a woman in reaaonableflMS?" 

•• Ye*, exactly ; and in modesty, mid iu ab- 
sence of self COlWcit, Why, just suppusu 
Mis* Vcrutsh were as clever and us well read 
and sympathetic, and tdl the rest, as you sty 
Mi«# ’Button is. now tell me, do you trolly 
think she would care to marry gmif" 

"Hut I don't suppose Miss VernUli does 
care in marry me: and 1 don't want her to 
care to marry me, I am sure " 

" Well," Mrs Snticliffe said. *1 run n»Miru 
vou Jtiliti Vernbli has no occasion to throw 
Herself a) tl»e head of any linn." 

" I never Mid -he had.’ 1 |iow Loui* meekly 
responded. “ 1 daa’l *upjM«e she ever gave 
one thought to me. or to ooy one. or to any- 
thing. for that matter," he added, plucking 
up a little spirit. 

"Then you .nv going to- morrow!" Mr*. 
Sancliffe said, suddenly and |Hilpoevly chan- 
ging 1 lie ooaverwdiuu. 

••Oh ye*. I must, you know " 

•* But’ you are coming back again next 
week'!" 

" Yes. 1 hope ho; I will wire to you the 
exact day " 

"AH right; wc will keep your room for 
you There's tbe 1*11; I must go and dress. " 

This talk look place in the drawing room 
of a house in oae of the Midland counties — 
a house which Inul !>©en bought by Alec 
SmclilT©. and which. in couskWml l"h of Ha 
antiquated Ini i Id nnd fashion ami «f a nar 
row stream running round three hide* of it, 
Mr* SanclilTc bad reebriatraed by the namu 
of "The Ifoateil Grunge." .Mm NtucIHTe 
wax Mill a comparatively young and compar- 
atively handsome woman. She hud lieeti a 
done friend of Louis Conway's mother, and 
now that l.i mi* was alone in the world — lib 
father and mother being both ilend— slw had 
taken hint in hand and was anxious to mar- 
ry him ufl forthwith. Hbo thought Mitts 
V •rni.-Ji would suit him nicely, heruiuc 
Miss Veraiih was a pretty girl, who was also 
an orphan, and w ho had a great deal of mom 
cy. and she rather gave out to Loui* that if 
he tried he might to able to make Miss Ver- 
ni-h (noil of liim. l-nuis, as we lure Been, 
di'l not take to it: and lie Itad some money 
of his own, nnd would rather have married 
tot love He WA* IH'h'd of » SOMBWkal 
fom anile turn of mind, and Would Imre much 
liked to rail in love wiih some girl who was 

C or. to induce her to full in love with him 
lieving that he also wiih jwmv. ami then to 
uinrrv bet. let her know lor the first time 
that he was not renliy jkxw when they were 
ai Uially married, atitl then make bet mid 
hi a io if liappr for life. With lluw idea* he 
di.l not n ndily take to Mi- Ycrnbh 
The chalT ftnictiniing tbe Idue spertnd©* 
came about in lbi« wuy. .Mr- Ssnciilfc hud 
a governess fi>r her two little girl*, and tiic 
governess was very clever. very attentive, 
very ludy-liko, sweat — and plain. Slw al- 
ways won? a rap, and she bud non Hi thin 
iwbts of sandy or dun-colorml hair ©scaping 
from under the cap. anil site wore jiortcntoux 
blue spectacle*. The moment Ismi* -aw her 
Ids natural chivalry inclinril him to he ex- 
tremely mien live to leer lie felt deep cum- 
no-* nun. n for Iter (Kisitiou. her plninm-sM, 
her thin old-iuuidixh air, nnd her portentous 
blue spectacle*. Most of the wilier visitors 
missed Iter over; Ibe men wi n: only formal- 
fy polite to her, the women look kindly any 
notice of her. Tlie two little girls, her pu- 


pils, adored her; the Sanctifies t bought very 
highly of bur on that fccount. l-aow found 
her very interesting, sound, and clever Her 
talk ainiiMsI him. She seemed to him to 
grow friendly and confidential. She wa- 
very ©Ibriciit it* welt ns intellectual. When 
they got up charade* or blinlH tinmtl or 
•ceoea In play# lid* winter she wan invalua- 
ble. She could dress up any room or any 
person to represent anything I Ini was want- 
ed for tbe purpose of the performance. A* 
Louis was aliniml always stage- Manager III 
these artistic arrangements, be and she were 
thrown a good deal together, and I Iwy worn- 
«d to gut on remarkably well One result 
of (his was some sly whispering among the . 
Indies concerning "the difference of taste* 
among men, anu the possibility of a man 
being in love with a woman who wore biuu 
spectacle*. 

To say tile truth, the miml of Louis him 
self wa* sometimes dl-t mix'd for a moment 
hy thoughts of w lint might have happened to 
him if poor Mi— llurlon only hail -a liule 
mure hair, only did not wear a cap — nnd. oh. 
above all did not wear blue spectacle*! No 
doubt he would he madly iu love with her — 
aud he was not particularly eager Just yet to 
gel married. " llow lucky for me. be some- 
time* thought, "that rile does wear blue 
spectacles ■" And then, on the other hand, 
he sometime* left her company with a half- 
sigh, and the thought. " It s a (tiouNtud pities 
she i*n’t prcttv — that she should have to 
wear tbme confounded Uuo spectacle*. " 

" 1 am going to town to morrow. Miss 
Burton." Louis »idd to the governess ibis 
evening, not long before dinner. l!e had 
cmiie down ml her rally h* the drawing room, 
nnd found Mi** Hurtou there alone, lie was 
glad of this, for be wanted to aay a friendly 
good-hy to the girl 

" I not so sorry," she said, frankly. " We 
shall *11 mlssyott ever so much. On© of 
the few advantages to a girl in being plain 
o« lu wearing blue soectack* is that Ml© can 
be very frank nnd friendly in bur dealing* 
with young me®. They can T think that 
such girl* *r© trying to make love to them. 

" I wonder shuil you tolas filer?" he asked, 
fatuously . 

"Oil ye*." she answered, in a* frank ami 
friendly a fash mu as before; “I shall mbs 
ymi greatly. But you lire coming buck ul 
im.-r »; once. Mr- Sane HIT*- nil* me." 

"Tc«, 1 am (■ lining bul k SOOB; I dun l 
quite know the day yet, but very boon. I 
l*op«- " 

" 1 hope ho too." Her voice was low and 
sweet. The sound of the vole© awakened, 
as it hnd often done before, a curious scuhh' 
tli'ii within him. 

' ' I>o you know, " lie rmtld not help saving, 

" that your voice *oni©tlme« puxxte* ino.'M l-« ' 
Burton T It spems a* if I must have heard it 
before. 1 am Mire BontelituM that we must 
have met before. “ 

" If you had seen me before.' she Bald— it 
might bpRadly.lt might lie coldly—" I should 
think that it is not likely that you could have 
forgotten me." Mi© was alluding evidently 
to the hair, the cap, and the blue spectacles. 

lie wished h© had said nothing, yet lw 
could not help going on: " Have you, per- 
haps, ii sister — with a vo-lc© at all like 

" And with a face very unlike mine!" she 
said, good liiimorerily. 

"I didn't suy that 1 didn't mean that," 
lie interposed, allium angrily. 

“No mutter who* you meant ; you meant 
imtliiiig unkind. I am wire. But you were 
asking me a question, "No. Mr, Conway, I 
have no sister, 1 never hud one. I am like 
Mclchizcdcfc now— I have no relations in tlw 
worUI." 

•• Nor I 1 " lw exclaimed. 

Just at tbnt mouM-ut Mrs Banclilfe entered 
tbe dtnu log nxim. 'Only you two*" she 
•aid. " 1 am *n glad. I wus so afruid that 
I uiih lute, mi' I that some of the others would 
have come down. 1 don't mind uhout you 


ClIAKTE* II. 

Alas for poor liule MI'S Burtnu! P<«>r 
little nine Spectacles' Tbe house was very 
dull for ber after Louis Conway had gone to 
town, Why hnd she ever been thrown in 
his way— ngtiin? Yea, again, for slir had 
been thrown in Id* way once before. alUimmli 
he siiistl to have nri memory of licr, except 
for some vneue rcriilleetiou of httvinc wime 
where heurn it voice like Iter*. He evidently 
hnd not tlw least memory of ber personal up 
|*-jr:un-c ’• How sixin b© forgot me, nnd nil 
about me!" sbe said In liersidf. Surely hIic 
ought to have I., u gUd of that. She ought 
to have been oolv loo well pleased, on every 
ground, that tliciilu© Mpectacle#, the cap. and 
the wisps of hair had not made a drepe-r nnd 
more psinful inipfetelon on him. It ought, 
pcrtnip*. even to hnve given new stn-ngth 
anil ■••'aillli to bin often bruised arid wounded 
self love to tied ilut the lap and tlw blue 
ttpecUdra might he Men and not remembered 
against her. Ilut. wmii'how, slw drew no 
comfort from this reflection— in fact, these 
girl* are all unreflecting nnd inconHltdcnl — 
and sbe only kept saying to hen-elf, " How 
son® he has forgotten all alsMlt tnel" She 
had met him once before— tinring a two days' 
May of hi* at another country place, wh- ro 
she also wit* governess, untl which place she 
hml to leave slMftly after, going out on tbe 
world ntiscntUy to have another try at earn- 
ing a living— under different and. as she 
Itnprd. nrocmkal conditions And now she 
has ULA'Xpt'iudJ} touie iu tile way of Louis 


Conway one© agnio, aud she Ims fallen hope- 
le.tslv in love with him. aud she knows it. 
Haldese, bo|ietttw maiden, what Is tbe us© 
of tailing in lor© with a hand*. urn- and rich 
young man when vou hate to weat blue spec- 
tacle*! And he wns comiug hai-k in a few 
days! She could not Maud it; she could not 
ataiwl any more of it— she had made up her 
mind. She was very fond of ber young pu- 
pils: she liked the Sanctlffe*— IlUabaM and 
wife — immensely; sbe wa* devoted to them, 
but site iniiSii not slay and meet Lmil* Con- 
way again under such conditions. She must 
go and try to make a living elsewhere. If 
she were to remain, tlw chime©* were that 
she must he 1 1 ay hcrvlf -that women would 
flml out her ptair little sad secret — and only 
think how every on© would despise her, and 
laugh at ber! Why, even the good kind San- 
cliffes tbcntsclv©* imot think lirt ridiciih'ii* 
beyond excuse, for that being such a girl she 
hnd fnllr-n in love witii Mich a man No, it 
nan decided, she must go. and cu before 
Louis Conway came hack. Would be mix* 
her. she wondered, when be cum© buck ! 
Would lie ever ask after hot! How long 
would h© n-iuembcr her* Not lcmgrr, sure 
lv. than he li-ail retuemhered her I*- fore All 
tlw better, she said, for him arid for lwr 
Why slum Id he remember lier! Why Hhould 
»b« want to l»c remembered? Why, indeed* 
So she reasoned wisely wiih her love and 
with lier pwin; ami w© nil know- hy ©X|H-r|- 
enee how readily love nnd (win yield to wise 
teaaonmg. and how plii|.i~i|diicully they ate 
open to conviclimi, and bow tranquil they 
become under the southing influence uf n 
sermon ‘ 

One night, after the other women Irad gone 
to lied, ami Alee ami on© or two men hnd 
gone to the smoking-room Mr*. Sanrliffe 
opened a little confidence with Mint Burton. 

" Ibi you know. Miss Ibirton." all© said. 
" that 1 have prevailed on Julia Vembh to 
enure lock ngtiin? She i* coming back in a 
few dny* We shall have to pack ourselves 
* good deal; the house has aintoM reached 
the utmost stretch cif hi* elasticity -and you 
know the Drummond* are coming. But I 
must have Julia Yerni.sh, and give tile pair 
another ©bailee. " 

The ]*tir another ©hancvT Mm. Bau- 
cliffe — ■* |i ul pair? *kll rieimv?" 

"Oh. doo*t you tindi r-t.nwl • I atiite 
thought vuu uudersio<Hl all through, and fol- 
lowed the coll t x© of my mat eh making Yost 
know 1 am a Inxn match maker, nnu I pine 
to x©c all my fiH'iMlx. men and worni'D, as 
happily nurricl as I mu myself- Now don't 
yon utidcTMaud?" 

"No: lam afraid I am very stupid." 

“You know I um very fond of Louie 
Conway — don't you?" 

"Oh ves, I know that." 

" Well. I want him to get marrwd and act 
tied. I don't hrilovc a mini enn ©umi> to 
ant Ildus until be i* tnarrn d I^n.k al niv 
Alee! Why, he wns not able to say Bo lo a 
giMwe until "f marrttMl him." 

"Ye*." Miss Burton murmured ».. cany 
on the ci'iiTcmatMin. fur Mr*. Sanrliffe Lad 
suddenly stopped, evidently waiting to have 
something said, nnd Miss Burton did mil 
kuow any l Id lie ehe to nay. 

" Well, I want f»iiis to marry Julia Vi-r- 
nish. She is n dear goud little girl, ami she is 
very good looking, niul hn* money, and you 
know youn g men of to day ask for nothing 
in a wife hut money or good look* Most of 
them prefer iui>iirv and ask for nothing 
else; Imt my IxmiIs I« a la-ttcr sort llmu that, 
and he would waot a pretty fare ami figure 
— along with th© money, pc roups. Imt still he 
would want them. Now her© he Ims got a 
pretty girl, ami lots of money, ami a nice 
quiet lady-lik© girl too. all to hi* band. Him 
isn't clever, that 1 admit; there I quit© agree 
with you "—Ml** Burton had not mid a hIii- 

E le word to exprew onv opinion on theintel 
■ctual cniMcliy of >i i - VcraEsb— '* but 1 
don't thiriK young Imndott men of today 
want intellx t in a wife." 

" I suppose not." Mias Ihirlim said, meekly. 
*’ No. they don't want it ; they bate it In 
tcllect is all very well iu a girl to talk to now 
and liven. Imt it is considered altogether out 
of place in a wife 1 nm sure Loui* would 
never ran- about a woman of iiilelleci— for a 
wife. I mean " 

" Oh no," Miw HurU-ii mid. •' Why shmild 

be?" 

"Oilitc so. Julia is very stupid. I know, 
anil I shouldn't like her for a life long corn- 
pitnlon. Hut tlw-ti that is all so different. I 

"Hut. M^s SiiiicHfTe." Mias Billion said, 
rallying a little. " you are. if you won't miml 
my saving; it. a very clever woman, well tend, 
and all that, nnd vet you nnd your husband 
nr© an Ideal pair of Illumed people." 

Mr* Snncliffe Uughrd gorxl humoredly. 
" My dear, ves; lull that Is Isecaux© darling 
Ale© i* *o stupid. He hasn't un idea of Ids 
own. II© takes all my Ideas, and llvey are 
etirntglt for him ; tin v do him very wdl . they 
make him luppy. But Louis Conway hn* 
plenty of Mens of hr* own. and lie doesn't 
want to tie ImllM-rrd with any idens lsehmg- 
ing to his wife. There is where the differ, 
©nreromes in. When you marry, Mi»* Bur- 

Oh. when I marry ,u 

"Ye*, when you nurrry jtvu must mnrrv 
some good-natured stupid own. 1 must look 
you out Mini© isartirularlv stupid muu " 

•' My dear Mr*. So® cl Iff©, tltcre ts no great 
need of looking out murh for a man like- that. 
They are so common, tlwn- ate on many of 
them, they arc on exhibition everywhere." 


And Mis* Hurtou made a gallant effort to bo 
uprightly and sarcastic. 

- Well. I am going to make a last attempt 
to bring Loui* and Julia VernUli together, 
ami. Mt*« Burton, you must help me. Why, 
what Is tin* matter’ with you!" 

For MB* Burton hud broke® ant in a flood 

"Oh. Mrs. SatK'liffc. I can't help yon. J 
rno't do anything, except lo tlsank you *■> 
much— «ud to !»• grateful always— and to 
hvvc you so much— and the darling girls- ■ 
yea. and 31t. Baocliffe too, I love him m 
iniM'h— if you don't mind— ami I know vou 
dou t— for lie lia» I sen always, ho good toine, 
and so kind lo me! ' 

"Bill, good gracious. Miss Burton, what 
nr© vou ill Mich i rouble iilmui? Of COUI;e 
you love u* ali— for wc all love you." 

'• But I have to go away; I I save to leave 
you forever— ever- -ever -ever; 1 have logo 

" Mi-* Burton’ To ltavo us— to leave us 
forever! Why, what on earth have we ever 
done to von?" 

' Nothing, ob, nothing that wus not kind 
and good ami sweet — bill I must leave you 
all lii© snmo— I must— I must! And you 
nniHtu'l a«k me why . uo — no— I beg of you 
— you must not ask me why. Only do pray 
think well of uie- and lei me go" Then 
poor M'i*m Burton Ittnke down again. 

Mr*. Ninel iffi- was a sweet ami sympathetic 
woman. .Bbc took the jxx>r girl iit her arm* 
mid fondled ami Miollied her. She did not 
try to get her mcr< out of her ; wa* it. after 
all. murh of a secret? Mra Sondiffe knew 
the way* and wenkueuee of girls pretty well, 
sit© thought, uml »h© had noiicvtl how ehiv- 
alr'iUHly attentive and kind l^utiis Conway 
bail iiern to the plain little govern©** with 
tlie wisps of hair and the dreadful bin© spec- 
tacle*. It wouh) U- latter If nn-u nonln let 
tiles© p.M-r tilings aloue, she said to lier vexed 
heart, even while -lie ant ami |xlted Mioe 
Burton. It's u great mistake lo try to l>« 
kind and gentle and cfalvallOU* to tbexu Ugly 
women ; they only get falling in love, poor 
things, nnd wlist on earth is th© good of 
that? Bit© made Up her Blind that It wuuld 
really 1* much I letter to hnve Miss Burton 
off tli© pret'ii*-'' until Louh nnd MIm VernWi 
hud got quietly iinirned. then, of course, site 
could have Mioi Burton loo k again. 

" 1 tiia'n'l trouble you with any qitestions, 
dear.’ she said, win ii .Mir* Burton hud gut u 
little more composed " You nr© a good and 
a aeuNild© pcraisu. uud you are »ut© to have 
reaxon for wliat you urv doing; but you will 
h-av© me your nddr©*a, and I am your true 
friend, and you will com© back, perhaps 
soon, and there t* a home for you her© 
nlwny*. always, whenever you like to claim 
it.” 

So they parted for the night. Mrs. San- 
cliff© sought out her lutdmnd. nnd piMtrxsl 
out ber trould© on biiu He was very sorry, 
and Iu hi* regret hu totally forgot to icll her 
that Ixiuis Conway was (siniing iiurk to the 
Mealed Grunge ibiit very Mine night, a little 
late Mr* Suneliffc wrnt to lwr beliroont 
early, and Alec wa* sorry he had forgotten 
to remind her. but it not of tit© (IlgfoteHt 
oonaequcncp he iltu-uglil, for aiic iwolmhiy 
knew all about it. 


CMalTBR III. 

It wa* late when Louis Conway reached 
the Mi >sird Grange He was particularly 
anxious wot to mnk© any disturbance or to 
waken anybody, especially be did not want 
lo waken any "uf il© dog- II© knew tlmt 
th© hooselkohl would have to rise iN'times. a* 
tlw old plirax© went, next morning. hu.I he 
wished lo make hi* own entrance and his 
©*> a | h* to heil a> unoltt©rv««l as he could. II© 
wa* not sorry, however, to tec a light in lit* 
host's smoking room, uml ii© wa* in th© mood 
Tor a quiet cigar and a quiet lalk dial miirlit 
take luni out of himself for the hour. Alec 
Huaellff© guv© bint a cheery welcome, and 
wns evidently glad In see hint hack so soon, 
and they hail the cigar box aud 111© long 
tumblers quirklr out, and were making theiu- 
aelves comfortable. 

"Do you know wc are going to lose MU* 
Burton!" Alec s*ahl, after iltey tia*l talked of 
uihei thing*. Mt-x Uurtou ©vtdeully was on 
AU-e's mind, for he rushed lo her Hi© mo- 
ment lir could fairly pet Other subject* de- 
cently shoved aside I low curioiks! Loui* 
(’noway '* mind was o« Sits* Burton too* 
lie positively felt hlmuclf growing red under 
III© iiifluenc© of Alec's words, as It© took 
piill ;il hi* long tumbler before k© coni|»si(d 
biiux'lf enough to aay, with a manner of 
decent imliffvrencc: 

■ ’ Iralveii ’ I nm sorry lo bear It. Why is 
she going?” 

" I don't really know. It x n ( "ttfomwlol 
nuiuino. She nns uiy wife's rigtit-hand 
man. if I may nx© the expression, in ©very 
thing ahmit the house and the children. ao<l 
—and ©very thing." 

" Doesn't Mr* Bancliff© know why she is 

going?" 

"No; sh© ©an't quite make it out *heiwT 
nt all clear. The girl bus taken something 
Into Iter I scad. 1 d> so wi*h B b© would tell 
Nellie. Imt *he won't, and y« she's a* fond 
of Nellie and Nellie's a* fond of her a« thev 
enn stick. I wa* thinking, you know, it 
might he soinrlhiug we muld manage. Nelli© 
win I. for we would do an) thing f*>r her. uml 
th© children arc quite in despair about it; 
lint -he Kiv# there l* liulhlng we ran do. and 
I la-lie ve they two cry over it a good deal, 
hut nothing much comes of that." 



FEBRUARY 14. 1891. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


123 


“When 1* she going?" sure he found in talking to llie bine Rpecla- of ali this?" he asked, in a low, earnest tone, stood in the keenest rendition of bewilder- 

" To morrow, I believe I’m awfully *nr- clea. Wliv not the ynun; Uily no nhuus hi* " It llii* a mawpirTtuIr * Why arc vqu going mrtii and exprclnm y. giiring at (Ire dour 

ryforit; I always llltert Um girl, although I friends were forcing him? Why had not *ta away? Why are you crying? Why did which die had dosed against him when lliu 

mini nay I oftwi thought there wo* sonic Mia* Burton* in teller* and tnste nud aympa- you wear there thing* ?” ripple of laughter un* liinrd along the mm 

thing rather mysterious ntxiul her: hut Nellie thy and musical voice— why. i>ti. why had And he pointed to the wisps of hair and dor Wa* the masquerade over? Wax )li« 

would not libleli tome, ami «im 1 men couldn't Mia* Burton blue spectacle*, and only a few the Idas sperlscli*. Hr was determined to Sanrliffc a party to the game? Wa* it nil 

mtkiiiwd anythin* item twmw, tad ilmi wiiptof sadjftwlml hair? Why ■ ams’a know aU about IL cm up to mum Mm, or wa* he only one 

they only cured aitout women who were affection gnvnnni and domineered hy the "Oh. I can't tdl yon. "aim mid. between dupo out of many? How would »hr conic 

fetching and could flirt ami that we could not paltry consideration of a pulr of blue apccla- luughing uttd eryiug. " I'll tell you to inor- forth— beautiful and bright-eyed, u* Im had 

appreciate Ml»* Burton b«-aure *lie had no do' ( >r if man run nlesdiitcly h>vr no wo- row Go away now, please " just *cen her. with her golden' hair nlsiut her 

fli rtkiiir way*, ami wa* not pretty, and wore mim whore eyes lire vhrondwl in blue spec "Bui when; am I to pi to?" neck, or once again made dowdy with the 

hlur spectacles. And I say. ynii know, la- lack*. why Is man's breast ever tortured hy " Don't you know • The room at the end wisp* of fidse hair and lire net lirwd blue 

tween nurrelvn*. it would l» pretty hard. Uie futile, isntnlizing. perph-xing thought thiit of the corridor, on lire left; the very luat speeiarlea? lie gazed a* the hero might 

wouldn't it, to gel ui ashed upon a woman in lie altnost feel" In love with such it woman? room. We did not kuow for certain that ham gazed in the story of Tk> fat/iy nr tk« 

blue spectacle!?" Man. said I-nui*. is an aaaf Willi this italu- you were coming." Freer / or n* <wte who I* about to aee hi* first 

"I suppose it would— I Huppo-e it would tniv mid convincing relletlinn he rose logo In nil her own perplexity tire girl could bullfight walehe*. with hearing Juart and 

be almo*i impossible— I ilon t know some- doggedly v> bed. It did md Irelp him much mu keep from laughter at hm bewildered and sulsiucd breath, for the rush of the first hull 

time* — I often wish men were not built on in Im perplexity to pronounce the dogma, puzzled plight into the arena. 

tliat principle. " however leunofinblc »nd well founded. that " I don't quite sec where the laugh come* The door slowly opened, ami Mi*s Burton 

" Bath on what principle? ' man is an as*. But where is llie philosophic in," lyiuts said. " I do not understand any- crime out. 1 I»t deep gray eye* were un 

'■ Well, I wish we didn't think quite »•> dogma that ever did In the slighter degree thing What Is this all about? You are started h,v spectacles, the wisp* of imir hud 

imich of mere good looks, and cxternul*. und help n young nun where any trouble ulioiit Mio Burton, arc you not* Or, stay, are you disappeared, tire carelewi curling lin ks hung 

bright ryes; I don't see why cure ttlkouid imt a woman “io concerned? not the girl 1 met ut tVihmel'lziwieiice'a last undisguised atviut her neck, and the pretty 

love a woman with blue spectacle* (YmlduT So h« began to mount tta stains, not with- autumn? I remember your fac* now; I woman stood absolutely ooofetoed SIk iuak- 

a woman love a man even though Ire wore out a sigh. He was thinking sadly enough know 1 mu right.'' rd neither ally nor bold; not, certainly, quit* 

blue spectacles? ' of the bright and ho|icful wuy in which his •* Never mind who [ am for the momcDt," at Iwrense. Imt not confused. She knew that 

" Well. I dare mv she could; it would lie visits to the SuirelilTi-s begun, and how Mta Burton replied, scomfully. "You can she hud Inert discovered hy oiic.ttat sire must 

trying, perlisi*. hul I date say snare women changed everything hm.1 grown to Ire now. inquire into mjr history another tltire. I did he discovered by nil. anil her mind w as braced 

could; and llien. you know, it's different in The house was n delightful old biiildiup. full not fancy ihnt it would much interest you," up to Imir the worst 

the case ol n man. The women don't lovo of corridors all ups nial downs, step* ptun she coufd not help adding, with a pardon ' Mho Burton! " Nellie Snncliffc exclaimed, 

us for our beauty— luckily for mint of u»! ging unexpectedly downward licre, anti dart- able touch of bitterness, as sire remembered "It *'* you. is It not? What on earth b tbe 

I must any I w ish some nice hi g It minded ing upward there, doors that tqiened not the »i>oo forgotten meet lligs at Colonel Law- meaning of thin masquerade?" 

fellow would take a liking to >li** Burton. into room*. Imt into oilier corridor*, little fence's. and tin- lianl fact that *he tad treen "To morrow — I'll tell you all to mor 

and fall in love with tin ami uiarrv her, tune turret windows to curious |dace*. where, on crmipelled to leave the place because Mr* row," Miss Burton mid, in a low and timid 

spectacles and all Well. I mn»* be getting a moonlight nlglit, the round white face of Lawn-nee scolded Iter to f-ir flirting with lone. 

to bd You need not go until you feel in tlic moon suddenly met your own face with gentlemen, nnd e-*prciiillv with Mr Conway , "Ob. but plmse don't send us to bed sleep 

tbe humor, only don't fall l<> put out tire a glare of corpse like curiosity that positive- and declared in her hearing that ncrer in till !•** with curiosity. Ikitrilus sojiwthing to- 
lighrs. You know your way?" ly shocked and staggered one for the mo- her life would she allow a good liMiking gov- night " 

" My old quarter", I presume?" meal. Louis crept cautiously along, hohiing erncre to ilatken lift door* again Then ' It— it is nothing. I wn* poor. I am pore 

•• Yes, yes — I lake it 'for grunted 1 Lnrr hi* candle so a* tu throw some little light on )1i*» Burton ta-enme overjaiweiei) anew by I hail to teach for mv living, and I wa* scut 

been away mo*: of this afternoon. But it " the floor in front. He crept n»*l one or two a senre of (he nlwurdlly of lia- whole situn away ftmu my U»t place bocntise — ob. 1 don't 

all right, of countt. I any, bow do you get doors from within w hich he could hear tinu, and of (wniis's angry nod puzzled face, know how tu put It— Iwt-aure the lady of lire 

on with the young woman? Are thing* whispering voice*, which told him that the nnd she broke into a silvery peal of laugh- house said ream- men liked me. and lie cause 

moving? ' wre -Id w*. n«it yet all quite asleep, mid. in- lor —because —oh, well, because — she *uid I 

"Oh. my dear fellow, don't a»k me. It deed, there was nomcthing about the house If Louis had only been quite certain whom was not ugly enough for * piveratu, and 

can’t be, it positively euuV I never -aw nidi which, in a dim sort of way, suggested pr»- to go. If bo rememlxri'd lire direct l< im she that's the whole story, and x> I tried to 

a young woman. She can’t he g>u to take parol ion for prrteroiUunilly early rising anil bad given him, be would have turned away make myself ugly enough to please nny- 

nn‘ interest in anything. She can't he got to |>eiiple gxiug away the next morning. Ilu In uiigic dignity and left her t» laugh her laaly. ” 

feel the *llghteat curiosity altout anything ' thought of poor Mia* Burton Journeying off, till. Bui. to increase hi* anger. Ire heard what A very chorus of laughter followed the ex- 

" I congratulate you. my dear boy. You for mime unexplained reasoa. out lato tire viundcd like ediuing ripple* of In lighter planstinu. and llren.wlren tire laugiiter began 

are aliout to become engaged i« a regular pihl worbl oueo more. He wondered »f ire along tbe corridor, the laughter «rf a woman, to exhaust Itself, Mr- Hnncliflfe, fearing they 

feminine Pha-nix. Sire i* ulotie. lire Arabian should see her in tire morning, and then and oilier laughter too, llie Inughler of n nun. might have offended the girl hy tlrelr un- 

bird." trtked liiiiiM'lf what would be tire good, oven Mbs Button ru*lie>l back into ber r«ren and **> mlv but IrnqirtsisivL- mirth, cuuglit poor 

" Otl. confound tire Arabian bird:" lamia if Ire were to *ee her. and admonished him- slummed her door Only fancy bis feel- Mi** Burton io her arm*. 

•aid, testily. self that It wn* nbnut llure be should maku ing*. only think of lib wrath? Had he. tire n, " My dear." sire mid, tenderly. " please do 

" Well.’but think of it!—* woman who up hi* muni not to lie. at all event*, a grnitrr been liniught there to he turned inlon laugh- not ever go about to make yourself ugly 
can't Ire rouwal to any curiiadty! She is a idiot than God and nature had intended him inc stoek? Were they playing off some nb again. I run (insure you we much prefer 
pearl, a treasure. Why, if Adam I, ml only to 1*- In this wholesome foune of mind he surd Jape ut hr* expense? He was nbout to Pietly women In this house — Alt*- and 1 at 
morrwsi such a creature, we slinukl la- nil in rcarbrd the familiar door nf the familiar plunge along (lie corridor anywhere— any- least Of course I can't answer for Mr. Con- 
the Garden of Eden now; and If Blue-heard'* bedroom. He gently turned the bundle, and where out of the ioke way." 

wife tad been like that. Blue beard might Ire o|rening the d-aw. wa* bIhiuI to elite: in- "Oh. l>-iul*. wbat a mistake!" Mr* Pan- Now if the rv*t of tliat *tory i* not easily 

nliTc Ui this day. and taking a highly respect- deed, hail actually crostcd the threshold — ctiffe exclaimed, hurrying up to meet him; gUOMed. then tire writer must have told it 

able potdtl'iti ns a county eounnlhu'. ' when he iH-entne auddr-ulv aware that the ” what stupid frirgetfulness of mine' Bui it very badly. It must Ire bis fault surely, nmi 

"l don't care what might have btCOIM room was already occupied. wusn't all my fault; it was nil Alec's fault . he hit tilono. if the reader cannot answer for 

of Blue beard, but one thing I do know— 1 Ye*, there was a woman sitting in a dress- nerer told me a word about your coming to- Mr Conway and for Mi-* Burton loo. 

can't Maud Mis* Epicene any tnon*.' ing gown Irefore the Uble with the miivor. night, ami we tire so full I pul Miss Burton 

•‘Mis* wtat?— Epicene? That isn't her F.videntlv sire hud hren lining her hair, for into your old room, and it was only this mo- 
name ” there was the short thick golden hair idl meat that stupid Alan remembered it. We THE TRANSANDINE RAILWAY 

“Oh no. I wa* only thinking of Bcu Jon- atiuui her neck nud shoulder*— oh. *urh di- were silting up talking, and he heard you go 
sou - siU-ut Woman vine golden hair!— not long, but rich and blundering along tin- corridor, and then, for Mu T iikopohr C'rrti.ris In'ereMing seriea 

•• Then da you nvtwn to say you arc going thick »od cutly Tim woman had her head the first time, he bethought hlanelf of ask- of Honlh' American |«|>er* in UtMtH's Mao- 
to throw the girl over?" down on her liand*. and was so atairlretl in ing if j<m were quartered in yonr old room azink brgan w ith nu article entitled " AcroM 

' My dear fellow. 1 never asked the gill to pain or grief on rouble of wne sort that die I do hope Mias Burton was not bewil- the Andes" <Se|>!embrr. !**t*Oi in which a 
marry me. aod couauuueoily I can't Ire »uid del not notion in the least the half nitnuico dered." full description was given of the projected 

to throw her over. :Mre docm. i care three of our Item He dtew buck *ta"lw*l. and " Muw Burton wa* nut hew ildered.” Louis tntnxnndine railway. Advice* from the 

Mmws almui me, or about anything, except was about to steal gently away and cbwr the said, still in high tragic, mood " I tad more scene of action, dated cud of December, 

wearing nice rlotlic* nud looking prettv." door In hiod him. Hul tin u the idea ue- enure to be* l**w littered. ’’ lHWi. announce that the works of this rail- 

••Web. look here, you must talk to S'rllic ctirred to him. where wa* he to go for the "Ob. had you, though? But how? About way belwet-u Mendoza and Los Arnica are 

about it; you really must. I farn-y Nellie night? Thi* room was undouluedly hi* ohl losing your way ? But there are lots of us momentarily interrupted The deplorable 

will think "herself let io. don't you know, I chamber ; why. yea. there were the little up. and you might have knocked at any door ffanncial siumtiou of the Argentine and the 

believe she bu* bcvll working heaven and shelves with bu honks still .in them. Clear- nnd askr-d, even if Misa Burtons door wo* Huuster of Baring Brother*, coming mi the 
earth for yon." ly he had not lawn u»i"tn)n n tu llw room, ai- lockrai," top of considerable aunt* of money Imt 

"I am sure I can *nt»*fy Mr*. Paticliffc. though very clcoriv mistaken in Uie recent Anyhow, you're all right now." Alec through l«.| management of the Argentine 

Slse never eould want no- to itinri t h girl who dUpositMin of it He rcallv thought that on mid. trying not to laugh any more, seeing section, have placed the enterprise in a difll- 

cares nothing «tn>ul nnytbivg. whohiufl’tany the whole Im had h>-*t apply for information that Louis evidently was not in * humor for will situation. On the Chilian side the works 
subject of conversation— pudlivcly tint h sin- on the spot, explain hU jarplexity to the belnif laughed at. "Where's hi* roam, are entirely suspended, nnd on tlic Arnuline 
gle one " ^ lady In Ita room, and o*k her if |Mrrhnnoc Nellie?' side llie staff Im* been greatly reduced. On 

" Well, you shall talk it over with Nellie, die couhl tell him where he ought to go. " Mis* Burton!" Mrs. Sutcliffe called, the Chilian side llie progvess has lawn rapid 

I am sorry atxmt ML** Button, nnd 1 am sor- There was surely no gt cut harm done- Tire “Come out — if you are vinkble 1 am so since Jut) ; the pus-nge of the Hallo del Sol 
ry aliout your affair ton." Mr was dreased enough to rec<-ivr the aorry you should have Ireen disturbed." dndn h*» lw*-n auccesofully arrotupl I sIm*1 . 

’ " But surely, seeing that It was I and not whole Lombui County Council, and if her Louis Conway forgot bl» anger in the *nx- the track k above grmind u early to Guardi* 

you who wa* expected to fall in love with Imir was down, it wn* not even very long iety to rer whether Miss Burton would coma Vie)*; and if the works hsd continued, the 

the girl. 1 might bo allowed a little of Bty own hatr. la-uuliful ami golden though it was. out and show herself without dm blue spec- locomotive would have rmebed Junrnl iu 

way." he said, rather pettishly. Everything Mum* people In- knew inicht think it rather tucle* and without the wisps of hair, or April It is hoped that tire Interruption of 

teeim-d to con‘pire lo put him out ami to improper for a woman to Ire seen with very whether she would resume her disguize, and the work will xion come to an end. nnd tlmt 

arouse him that night. long hair floating about her. but this hiur trust to his honor not to reveal tire secret this great and interesting enterprise will he 

“Ob. quite BO. quite so; it's a free country, wus only thick mid curly. How beautiful It which lie hud unintentionally surprised He pursued and rexomplisUeii, 

Good -night limit forget to put out the won! All these thoughts porecd 
light, and you know your way." within him. as the novelist* *av. 

They shrink lumk'anrt Loiil* sat moodily in fur h'"V time than It takes to de- 

down and lighted a fresh cigsr. His mind scribe iliern liete. 
wa* tern | s-*t- tossed. He cuuid not many the So. bolding the door in his hand, 
inciinntts silent womb, and sit trying to find Ire Iwgnn • I tieg pardon; I ktts 
topic* for her through half Iris lire, or be Uir- mnde a mi*tiik< 
tured by tile thought ttat slui was distre-**itig Then the lady started up nnd 

every tiuiQ w bo t-nik her in lo dinner by her looked round, Ihv-hing on him tbe 
UiuHjKvriiy to talk or Ui feel any interest in bew lu lling light of the dorti dark 
anything. He Was distTc*aod at the new* nf gray eyes, which, be could not 
Miss Burton'* midden departure. He bad hztp olinttvlng with a shock, were 
grown to lake a deep Interest in her-- in spite stimv-d with tear* 
of himself . Good heavens! be could not lie “Mr. Conway ?" she exclaimed, 
in love with her? He adtert himself the in great agitation 
question again nud ugitin. Ire an«wer(si It Where did tlmt voice' coiim.' fruni? 
himself Again anti agnui. Oh n». Hint wa* Most assuredly it wa* the swret 
!ni|M>««il»]i': r wus out of lire qlMiim. One and tnn*i<-nl voice- of 'I io- Burton, 
cannot I*- in love with a woman who wear* the plain govefnes* with tire wisps 
a enp to conceal Iter wispy linir. ami whose of hair and the blue "|H-etarle*. 
eves dart love Arcs— or would have tbit* lo But where wore lire wi*|* of hair 
dart litem, if they bad love's file* lo dnrl — and the blue spectacles? Good 
through the liideoiw, non cnrtiluclliig medium heaven*, t Irene they were! Where? 
of (due spedM-fai. And yet he had grown Why, at the Indy * elbow, on the 
into deep feeling, a derji interest, in her -her dre— lag table — wc’ There are tire 
voice nlwiiva stHituh-tl "Wtwlly. *ympntheti wi>|M of utiulv imir; there are the 
cwlly in bU" ears— and now. when nil *»> »p- blue "peetncle*. 
parently coming to nn end. Ire found hinnrlf • Oh, go away." she said with a 
admitting to hi* own mind that lii* recent will, nnd die put her bands before 
visit* to Mr. nnd Mr*. Ssndlffe had 1- . n made her eve*. 

ao frequent of late ehietty because of the plea- " What ou earth is the meaning MAP or TBS ANDES showing TRANBaNDINE KaII-WaY. 





124 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1782. 



Digitized by Google 




FEBRUARY 14, 1801. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


125 



COLONEL CUAMLES HE V WOOD, OB' TUE UNITED STATE* MAh INK (.OKI'S. 


COLONEL HKYWOOD AND TllE 
MAIUNK CORPS. 

The new commandant of (lie United Slates 
Marini- Corps, who wocoeiU Colonel C. O. 
McCawkiy, (Hired for age, comes to bl* du- 
U.4 At ii critical period in llti! history of tbc 
marine service. A movement lias been start- 
Oil u> have the marine* withdrawn from tire 
war veMete. and remltaed to shore limit* at 
the yard* ami station*. It l* urged that in 
tbiw days of aailom who have no tails to 
handle, of seamen who miw |>mnnrily be 
gunners, Jack Tar should la-come a sea sol- 
dier. and aland guard bim-relf. IttMcad of bar- 
ing a marini- -.land guard over him. that if 
thus it iisi ed he will become self rwpecting 
and worthy of trust, and will fed that a har 
rier between him and his officer* baa been 
thrown down. Hut the Marine Corps, point- 
ing to the majority of alien* in the naval 
service, declaim that tills would he an un- 
wise experiment; that the blue jacket will be 
no happier for having sentry duty added to 
bis oilier work; tliat ilic discipline of Hh< ma- 
rines U an invalunble rellBlKv with crew* so 
often picked up hastily, of various nationali- 
ties. Hie men at one time disposed to quarrel 
with each other, nt another to join grievances 
against the officer*, and often swayed by pre- 
judice* and superstitious. The better plan, it 
says, is to augment the Mari lie Corps, to give 
it adequate (mining Schools for recruits, per- 
bap* even to enlarge it* urea on shipboard, 
putting it in ebarge of the secondary batter 
tes the machine and rapid lire gun* and the 
torpedoes. 

In the midst of this discussion it happens 
that an officer is appointed to command the 
Marine Corps whore own career illustrate* 
In a remarkable way the value of the marines 
In sea as well as shore duly. Horn in Water- 
ville. Maine. Octobers. 1*39, Cokmol Cbnrks 
lli-vwnod entered the Marine Ccirp* us n Sec- 
ond Lieutenant early in 1838. and at once 
raw active service- during the Staten Island 
Quarantine riots. Then lie went on tho As- 
oparvi to Africa, and no tlio V Lewis to Nic- 
aragua. where Walker the llhbitstcr was to 
be watched. Tlie outbreak of list: civil war 
found him on tho Cvmbtriuntl, and In that 
epoch of rapid promotion* lie wua made a 
First Lieutenant. As such, in August. IWI, 
he took part in the engagement at llatlcms 
Intel, when forU 1'lark and llatiera* were 
captured, while his Captaincy dates from No- 
vrinlier of that yeor. In March. I88i». oc- 
curreit the famous naval combat of Hampton 
lb mils, during which the Confederate armor 
cUd MerrimHC destroyed the C>mhrrtnnd with 
her Iron prow, the good ship going down 
with colon, flying and her crew at their pn«u. 
firing their guns as tire water rolled over her. 
lleywood. w ith the marines, bad fought the 
After guns, and nine of Ida men bad been 


killed at the Merrlmtf'i first shot. Lieuten- 
ant Morris, commanding tho Cumfirrhinif, 
reported to Secretary Welles "the gallant 
conduct of Tji-utenant Charles Haywood, 
U.8.M.C., whore bravery upon the occasion 
of the tight of the Memmac woo my highest 

* After service on the RMue arid the 7sru«- 
dervfa, mid at the llrooklyn Immck*. lie 
was ordered to the flag ship Hurl font. iu 
chief maritre officer in Karrugut* fleet. 
Then Im< took part in tire famous Util It- of 
Mobile Hay. Captain Drayton, of the I fart- 
font, reported to Admiral Kurragul that 
“the two after gun* were manned by ma- 
rine*. who, u inter tire command of ('aptain 
Charles Hey wood, performed most efficient 
service"; while tin- Admiral reported to Sec- 
retary Welle* tlmt "it is worth nuintioniug 
that the officer sent in command of the 
guard for the capture of tbc Tenntm/4 was 
Captain Charles lleywood. of tlie Marine 
Corps, who was one of the survivor* of the 
sunk by Buchnuuu in Hampton 
Hoads, Although a modest gentleman. Cap- 
tain lleywood could not resist the opportu- 
nity of informing the rrhri Admiral that 
tlrey bad met before, and that he, at least, 
wm exceedingly glad of tbc second meet 
iur." After- the war Captain Hrvwood ro- 
cctved the lire vet* of Major and Lieutenant 
Colonel " for distinguished pdlantry in the 
presence of the enemy." at Hampton Hoads 
and Mobile. His promotions to the full 
grades followed in duo course, mid he wus 
second below Coloael MK'awley at Ilia re- 
cent selection for command. 

After Uie war Colonel Heywnod. in addl- 
lion to service at lire Brooklyn. Wushiiigion, 
Norfolk, and Man* Island barrack*, and on 
the FninHin, IIVjAusA. li’iirrrah-r, and Ifart- 
fnni, distinguished himw-lf in the railroad 
riot* of 1877. when he commanded a fore® of 
marines nt Baltimore and Bending, ami af- 
terward ill 1885. when be commanded all the 
marine fort** on the IsthmiK The skill 
with which he occupied the city of Panama, 
then held by Aispnrus Insurgent*. making 
iui advance upon it in three columns, was 
conspicuous, and C'on»ul General Adnmwtn 
reported tliat "the Ann Is-aring. strict disci 
pllne, and splendid conduct of the matins-* 
reflected great credit upon Colonel lb) wood 
and his officers"; while Admiral .Inui-tt, in 
ctprening his "high estimation of the ma- 
rine battalion, - * which. Ire said, had been 
"constantly at the point where dunger and 
disease were Mire to come flrst." added lit* 
thanks " for your own carneM mid valuable 
aasbtanoe." 

Admiral Farragut once dcclun-il the ma- 
rine guarel to be " one of lire great cs-cutinls 
of a man-of-war," and Winslow, dtwcrilang 
tlie victory of the Ktarmryr. over tlie -lf.i 
1*1 am, where the mm lure fought tlie rifle gun. 


says that "tho action was commenced on 
our part by this gun, and its Ore wn* rapid 
ami effective throughout. The high reputa- 
tion of their service was wholly sustained by 
the murtire guard of this ship. Only a few 
months ago Admiral Porter said that our 
navy irevrr needed a well organised Marine 
Corps more Hum now; and now. whatever 
the future may have in store for till* organ!, 
ration, it is gratifying to know that *o able 
and experienced an officer has been placed 
at it* bead. 


OVERLAND ROUTE TO TllE 
PACIFIC. 

A STOP FOR DINNER IS SEW MRX1CO. 

Tirr traveller whuenters New Mexico from 
tlie u<irlbca»l over the Atchiwo. Topeka, 
and Santa Fc Railway has found tram of 
lire ohl SpnuHi American life in tlie nanuw 
of town* along the Arkansas River in Col- 
orado. Names like Granada. I>a* Aniuta*. 
and La Junta remind liim that this river was 
tlie northern boundary of Spain * great pu*- 
Mweiona in tire New World. Belwoea La 
Junta mid Trinidad he had In view on the 
right that early landmark of tire old Cas- 
tilian explorers, the auperb twin mountain 
promontories, tire Spanish Peaks. 

Hut not even after he has entered New 
Mexico, and has ixisred tliat old outpost of 
tire Santa Fe trail, now the thriving city of 
lots Vegas, lias he seen satisfactory traces of 
the life of the primitive people of the country. 
It is not until Ire rtaclre* tin- oh) Mexican 
village* on the Pecos Hirer that the aspect 
of lire antique Bpanlah-Atnerlcan civilization 
la-gins to impress him. As the train np- 
prourltc* tire Glorieta Mountains, that divide 
the plain from tire Kin Grande Valley, Ire 
m*-* afar off on the right the red tinted ruin 
of the ohl Pecos church built by lire Frnn- 
cxwau fathers in 1828. at ooe of the most im- 
purtnui towns — now fifty years deserted — of 
the Pueblo or civilized Indian inhabitants of 
Nuw Mexico, and feel* tliat ho is enuring 
the country's scene* of antiquity. 

Through Glorieta Cnflon and Apache Cnflon 
the train winds between craggy walls beside 
a channel worn deep by floods. Emerging 
from the mountains at I jmy Junction. where 
lire Santa Ke branch corned in. the main Hoc 
sweep* *ontb and west. skirting the slope of 
a wonderful amphitheatre IMMfMWi by 
roountiiins nrar ami distant, range lichind 
range, tlie farthest being quite u hundred 
miles away. Ho is now on classic ground of 
American ureha-ology. the wide valley of the 
Nile of America, the Rio Grande, which the 
native New Mexiciuis fondly call El Kio 
Bravo del Norte— Hie Superb River of the 
North— and he catches u gleam of its waters 


as the train apprn*cbna Wallace Station, 
named for General Lew Wallace at tire tinre 
wlien tire hero of two wars w as discharging 
his duties as Governor of New Mexico, and 
writing ll*u-l/ur in Die old palace of the 
Kjwnish Governors at Kama Fe. 

A sloping valley -side leads oil lire west 
down to the muddy Rio Grande, w hich in the 
distance bears a silver sheen as it swirl* 
about its islets and sand bars; beyond it lira 
a narrow bottom strip shut In by 'precipitous 
mountains. At n short distune*- below lire 
station, on opposite aide* of lire river, are lire 
two Pueblo Indian village* of Hauto Do- 
mingo aud Sntilo Felipe, independent little 
communities that have abided there sliioo 
(lie days of tire Spanish conquest of New 
Mexico, and which preserve unchanged the 
fashions and customs of Hieir ancestor*. 

On tbc cast, a few miles away, the Cerlllos 
Mountains and another detached range rire 
front tire plain* like mountainous islands 
from lire re*. WiUiin tlreir m-cures are sit- 
uated ohl Spanish mines— some rediscovered, 
and alhi-rs for two criiluric* concealed — 
ubuut which Is told many a grewsome tale of 
the early days, when the mining of the pre- 
cious (ins wus done by the forced lalmr of 
Indian slaves. A common tradition relates 
tliat the iquiulanU. mining deeply beneath a 
mountain, neglected in tlreir avaricious UaMe 
to prop the roof of their w orkings sufficiently, 
until at last the whole mountain w-ith-d IkhI 
ily down upon the Indian slavrs and ibrir 
taskiussteis— a dimmer that precipitated tire 
great Pueblo Indian revolt of 1CW). which, 
though not permanently succtvsful in all re 
sprru, slopped the working of tire Spanish 
mines for two hundred year*. When, three 
hours before, on the rnstern side of the Glo- 
riela range, tire table mountain sometime* 
called Stiirvniiou Peak wa* named, tire Pull- 
muu car conductor related a legend of a band 
of refugee* from the Pueblo revolt who gain 
ed its flat top, so easily defended, only Ui tie 
belvaguere-d them by n Ixwh-ging force until 
Urey perished miserably of hunger and thirst 
— a story, by -I hs- way, which •• came with the 
railroad] "and was trews to the ohl inhabitants 
of tho region. 

But lire roost picturesque feature of the re- 
gion la tlie alary of its turquoise mines. Off 
among the mountains to the left is Mount 
Cbulqulhulll. the mine* of w hich in ancient 
days furnislred the gems Uiat adorned tho 
royal robes of the Moulezunta*. and were tbe 
choicest of tire crown Jewels of Spain Them 
is but one oilier place in the world I Persia) 
whore tire turquoise is found, and, like tho 
Itiuainus and Persians, the New - Mexican 
native* wear them as amulets agaiusi tire 
hurts of foe*. 

One of the famous eatlnrhouK* of tire 
Atchison road is situated at Wallace, where 



SENATOR JONES, OF NEVADA— raos t PiiotiMiaarw nt Bsix, WsssinuTOn,— {Sis I'.ui ISS.J 


12 C 


Harper's; Weekly. 


Volume xxxv.. no. list 


the train 1(1 dug *outh stop* lute Id the after* 
ihh its. An tlie cur* draw up at iImi atatioti 
the long platform is thronged with the 
people uf tin; country, of diverse raw*. 
Hough miners in flannel and heavy boot* 
stand watching the train, cow-boys setoff hy 
somltrero* and spurs swagger about the plat- 
form; and Spanish Amerirau* with swarthy 
face* an l sleiuuiiijrbliu.lt eye* lounge agninu 
itie ratlings, looking impassively on the 
•erne. MuK pictureeque of all there (fath- 
ered are the dewendantsof the tribe* akiu to 
the Tollcca and Artec*, thc-e migrating peo- 

C le* whose first home wan in the Northwest. 

store they went South to coluolzc the val- 
ley* of the Mexican plateau— the Pueblo Ind- 
ian* front Santo IVnniogo and San FIHpe. 
They lire quaintly dad ill llteir ihnrailrrixtre 
garb of legging* and tunic, with u blanket 
d re **. for tlra women, and aomollmc* for Hut 
men it gaudy blank*'! wrapped about the 
body. Some ant awaiting lire train ob tlw) 
stalfon platforui. ami oiliera. belated. are 
seen running toward the cur*, bearing on 
tlrair head* ami bock* lira things tli-ev have to 
trade. They exhibit a great variety of pottery, 
in the shape of vrsrel" of diver* hImw, form, 
ami patterns of deco rat loo. and mtiny Mtihm 
idol* of infinite ugliness. Tlrey offer for rale 
piece* of w-bot the Now-Mi-xican curiosity 
dealer* call smoky topaz. which iu reality Is 
obsidian or volcanic gins*, the material tied 
by the ancient Artec* for cutting purposes, 
from swords down to rtizot*. 

The rough fragmenu of greenish stone 
which, worked Miiireliure* into charms, an; 
wen "impended from tlra neck nf the Fuel do 
Indian hr a string, are turquoises of nn iufi*. 
rinr kiml fmm Mount Cltalquihuitl. whitlrar 
the Pueblo Indian* repair in dig ami peck ul 
the carfare veins, or overhaul tbu debris of 
the old working* to provide Ibrmseives with 
amulet* and material for trade. In lira fruit 
season these picturesque huckster* bring to 
tile triliu tiaskels of apples, penrhr*. apricots, 
or gratN-s; ami after the first sharp frosts, 
bug* of the little egg-shaped /■id"** or pine- 
nut*, nlmut a* large- a* beech-dots. and sweet 
and delicious. 

About the train is a characteristic collec- 
tion of passengers. There are tourist*. Eu- 
ropean and Ainerirnn roinmerriul travellers, 
young men from lira East going to the South- 
west to try their fortune*, ami perhaps in the 
rear rnrs some families, of emigrants. Rep- 
resenting the Territory are merchants, miners, 
and cattle -men of American mid Spankdi- 
American descent, while opposite the blond 
Eastern lady. In bar dainty travelling habit, 
may sit a dark eyed olive tinted beauty with 
the blood of Aragon or Castile in her vein*, 
and perhaps a darker and not unbecoming 
tinge from Indian aoccMry Travelling tlra- 
atiicnl coinpunies. army otlioer* noil private 
■oldiera on leave or on duty, and Indian deln- 
£01)00* going on or reluming fintn a visit to 
the " Great rnilier" nt Washington. are cur- 
rent type* in a Southwest (Kissr-nger tnun. 
Almost withniil exception the pameugers are 
affable and disposed to conversation. Sr iff - 
do* nrnl reserve among fellow na*MBgm 
by stage or by rail vanish west nr the hun- 
dredth meridian. 

Iu striking contrast with the gentle, busy, 
buekstctlng Indians of lira town arc Hie Na- 
vajo* and Apache* who hr ctmuc* may be at 
the station. Their free, w ild air and Imughty 
pride of carriage give them distinction, a ml 
they look with quiet contempt upon the 
peaceful I’traMn*. This feeling wa* ebarao- 
teristically shown on one occ**»oti upon tlic 
return from Washington of an Indian agent 
with two Hcaudrre Apaches to slieir reset 
ration In southwestern New Mexico. Drew 
ed iu newly acquired civilized clothes, which 
they regarded solely in tlw light of a becom- 
ing ornamentation, mid duly impressed with 
their own importance ss memben of n "bud ” 
tribe, t lie tw o Apaches strolled upon the plat- 
form nt Wallace after dinner. The Pueblo 
Indians came about tlwm, offering tlirir wares 
for sale. Not deigning to couverte with 
them or purchase anything that they hud to 
sell, the Apache* listened t» llreir importunl- 
ties with stoical reserve for a few minute*; 
then each pul hi* linnd in his pocket, handed 
a silver dollar to tbu neatest Pueblo Indian, 
and turning on hi* heel, walked with infinite 
dignity bock into the car 
There 1* an excellent dinner, plentiful ami 
well nerved, at tlw pleasant nnd roomy rail- 
road restaurant, with *o much time allowed 
for the *U»v tbnt the traveller, after liis 
ample and leisurely meal. Is able to walk 
about In this barbarously lirilliant scene, 
anil make Karenin* with the Iwowii and 
worldly-wise soil* and daughter* nf tlie coun- 
try for such of their w.vtv* «« Ira f ancle*. 
The Pueblo Indians hasten lownnl nny one 
wh'-se eye they catch, hold up their goods, 
ami add’re** him iu a language ran inly ids 
original, with perhaps a few Spanish mid 
American won Is iiilenniiiglcd; Iwt tlw only 
port of lire discourse really understood on 
cither -ide is the extemporized sign iHiicuog.- 
They ask several price*, exiier-iing to Ira heat- 
en ilown to n fair rate, and they seldom will 
Im the possible wmaw ml avray witlwal 
consummating a trade wmit. swarthy 
l*irebh> children look oil the transaction* ,,f 
their widen with great Interest, the larger 
girls helping their raotben hy currying tin- 
very young children In a rom-li made hy 
slinging a shawl nlmut their neck*. 

Tin- Indian pottery i» lira want most pur- 
chased by the passenger*. It is quaint of 
pattern, ami. in it* way. much of it i- rently 
beautiful. The material of which it is maik 
is u white or graybb-tinlcd clay, which the 


men bring to the women, who are (he poltery 
makers The Indian* guard Jealously tlie 
secret of ihe places wiiera me found the 
earth that make- tlw choicest kind* The 
liuiilrr. lirosprctor, or railroad expbircr coin- 
lug suddenly upon three natives engaged In 
digging day for the purpose i» likely to re- 
member lira terror ami contawnnlion which 
they exhibit n* they nut toward him. warn- 
ing blia nwuv. The moulded pottery is bur- 
icsl in dry sheep’s dung, which lx tired, ami 
thus it b linked. The material used in milk- 
ing lira striped design* is n deduction from 
a certain green not which the Indian* cull 
«vd> : . It U painted upon lira vmkIx and In 
the baking it turns black. The best flattery 
i* made by the Acorns, ZuAi. and Ooclilti 
Indians. 

A gong chinks at the station, tuul ih-i**- 
pwsM-ugcr* who have not already returned 
In the car* iliMsi-ntinue their proineniulc. or 
hastily conclude ilwlr bntgaitHL Tin con- 
ductor's cry ring* out. " All nlsiaid' ' anil the 
lag gaol* cuter the cars; but even as Hie train 
moves slowly off the paun-riigurs arc still mak- 
ing last linrgnitis from tile cur platform* nnd 
through the window* with lira alairigines. 
Who. at the fn*t-opprnoicbtng diaippcaranre 
nf their possible customer*, an- disposed at 
Ihe last moment to close bargains at almost 
nny price. Tlw train gathers headway, the 
lust Indian vender i* pawed, and wxih the 
platform with Its aemt-bnrbarir. fatly colored 
nascmlilage i* left liehimi, and tlie pnssrtigere 
have turned from the strange and striking 
scene to gowi at the panorama of the river 
nml tbr Indian viilngv* ngnlnst a mountain 
tuickgrouiid on lira rlgst. a* lira train sirarda 
•aalltward down (lie sandy vulh-y of the 
Rio Oraude tow uni Albuquerque. 

Ci_*iu:m»; Pri.LKX. 


THE YALE FENCE. 

Hi*c Uls tocrtm,r. 

TtwK- wtio-ie ruthless hours carve the lin- 
eament* we love, sewn* no less relentlessly 
upon Ihe face of Lhinga. ami ebunge* in the 
pine** tliat we knew touch u* not lex* with 
CO IB (MlllCt h)B, Nor ran it reach the mb- 
stanre of nur grief Hint the marauding hand 
po*oe as n funetion of improvement, putting 
new in the fdnee of old. The monument, 
however richly flight, still murks a boo*. 
Who shall measure the subtle significance 
of our relatiou* to the outward form ami ex- 
pression of the visible world, or put a value 
on the poetic craving for pernumeney in it* 
OOBiguntioaf The linking of aratiment with 
plnre mn_v lie preservative by way of associ- 
ation. niiil generative by way of tradition, 
and Uni* the mere outward and physical 
pmture of things comes to be u moral force 
within our reckoning, Let n* not, therefore, 
chide too harshly lira grief stricken gnulllBIc 
of Vale when he turns Ills bark on prac- 
tical consideration*, nnd refuses comfort lie- 
ntiue of tlra demolition of bit ancient Iratin- 
durv and re*ting-plnre. Hi* lain, illation up 
I h* ul* to all finer enrorarvaUvs feeling, witit- 
out distinction of collegiate allegiance. 

Who. within lira far reuclilng purlieus of 
the general college world, lia* not heard of 
that ancient seal of learning, the Vale fence? 
Symbol ami rhiwcn field of the buoyant 
open-air good-fellowahlp. with it* peculiar 
i liisdfiod democracy which Is Yale'* boast. 
Suva lia* not coma to be more cIom-Iv bound 
up iu tradition wifi the wet It Domed, nor 
Academe with the lure I* of wisdom who 
walked and pnirtiseil di*qui*ilioti lh il* 
grove*. Since the time whereof the mem- 
ory of man ini noth in it to lira contrary il 
stood against the Philistine world, held 
Internecine element* in loyal confederacy 
against tlra cummou foe. and in pi|iing times 
of pence wl incased the dnilv and nightly con- 
flnenrw of iuniuncrnhle rivulets of college 
leisure. Put one stnd*-nt charged with idle, 
lie** on tin- fence, ami lie drew to hiuisclf 
his fellow* in like plight. lu*t otherwise tlum 
as when a magnet is dipped into filing* of 
steel. Suing with bowed back on n three- 
inch rail may bn mow comfortable Ilian pil- 
lowed emu h if ihe gM be eoMml 

The old college row. tine in its Itnmclv 
antiquity, stood seDtirral hcbilKl, ami overall 
lira elm’s drooped tlralr graceful brandies, 
sunlight nod shadow fh-rkrd brick anil turf, 
laxy breexe* iulloi lira learas*. wlilUt the 
mcnDinglem life of lb*' town rolled by nnd 
at even tide, when the shadows bud usurped 
the high green vault-, song rang out into tlie 
leafy arches in tuneful unison. 

Senior. Junior, Sophomore kept snerediy. 
with mutual and «e|f respecting dignity, lira 
allotted line* of deiniircnt ion. while the 1* redi- 
raan — a Peri without the gate* through 
long mouth* of n desperate struggle foT ex- 
istence a gainst n presumably hostile family, 
tout Is fore liim always a le-xon of |<atknce 
and the Incliemenl of privilege* tomme. 

Wliat mighty matters lourliing lira college 
life far imiio'i mling tlo- slighter m Deems 
of the qua*l-i'xi*teni e tli.it wiw to fullow — 
were lalkisl of tlo ic ' W hat current lisp- 
pentugs snil weighty problem* of politic*, 
domestic nnd forcigu! Wliat inliinnte con- 
fldeitor* of •onl tosoiil were there cxchangeil! 
Whni art* of easy iulercotine »owu nnd an- 
tired Iu n ph'itslng growth! There the schol- 
ar ami the ntlilete might sit tliigh to thigh, 
and. learning mutual respect, dcriwt mutual 
bnratlt in a iiuman rotnptnionship whlcr 
ami Im-Uit tlmti tlra dusty rut- of learning. 

•Shop'' of the doss- room seldom intruded 
into that sacred arena. Doubtless tt* oppor- 
tunities were sometiuics abused, and there 


were wuira who, in their four rears’ c«ur«e 
— or more nr lem — got u larger ineu*ure of 
fence than tlra happily toiiikU-jI fulness of 
higher edtKwiion would strictly demand. 
Vet i-nlighii-ned leisure hath also it* duo 
department, if wu would escape nervous 
prnstratlon In a hurrying world, and there 
Ira not a few have m-gbrated the lemon* of 
it to their own undoing 
Tlra old fence wits more than » memory 
to lira alumnus shade who revisited, in sea- 
son* of festivity, the occacs of hi* living ex- 
perience* Il wus still a tangible property, 
nml bis for the sedeutury par pones of the 
moment. And therein, It may lie. lies the 

K rtk-uUr and personal poignancy of hi* grief. 

s could rally at the fence w iiti tiis cigar, 
confident of hwiling his leisure into no con- 
flict with others' labor, nnd Is- nt the l*-st point 
of vantage, whether to pick up lira thread.* 
of obi memories or the garrulous -.idcty of 
other ghostly *tmy.«. Ago brought him no 
dignity Ira wu* m«t willing to unbend for the 
sake of bending his body onco more over 
the fumilinr rail, if so Ira stiffening Time 
should have left some uipplem*** in Itla 
frame to conform to lira requisite angle*. 

(/unirfvui Mtir.'t-n nf> ,'ll„ ; |Ko not laugh 
nt his tenrful plight Tlie rail of those l»s|i- 
piest hcssIocis of Ills collect' ilays has prridi- 
cd. like tliat Ilium of which Ira may remem- 
ber rtwdltig, in witrainel clu**ie idinora. that it 
wa«. By a savage Irony of fate and faculty, 
of architects and fRBerou* ilonor* a mighlv 
k-cture nod rerliatloB Imll. buoy hive of toil, 
bn* risen on lira *|>ot mire nil iledirntrd to 
the soul of idketraS" Tile* and llnial*, imil- 
limiod windows and crendmetl tower*, stain- 
ed glass mid hard sayings of tlie anrients in 
moMdc. cannot mitiMev to lii* aoguldi. It 
i« not merely that dty pine ha* lracn ea*t to 
thp burn lag. Nny. lie himself was capable, 
upon proper occnsioa of excitement, of lav- 
ing an uns|»riDg nml incendiary blind upon 
the very 1 srat of Ids affertions. It Is the de- 
mise of an iiistitutii.il be mourns He is 
wondering whether lira old spirit of fellow- 
ship has Irani huihied out. so liungrily do we 
ding to tangible evidences. 

Would Zeno have left tlra Stoic had there 
been no Porch, or the gentle follower* of 
Plato kept the faith if •■•rue patrou had built 
them a smiitarium in tlra latest fashion where 
once lira master ltd them among the trees? 
He comforted, good spirit ! Hie flrae to rv re- 
mote ijuartcr of the rarapii*. w hen* n im raking 
decree hath caused to t«e set up a ci-tnpi twi- 
tory sec tion of lira obi fence for sm-li as thee! 
If rlrauniailsm have oo far spared thee, lift 
thy old limb* athwart the mVlnncliolv n-m- 
nint. nnd Iratliink thee yuung souls will still 
•In mn ilrmm* as of old. anil seek gomlly-fel- 
lowsliip. nnd find new trysts from toil. And 
inter gviierariisns. wiffev’lng perforce unwi-l 
come instruction within the fre1t«*l struct tire 
uf a mote cunning Itaud.will dcs|ii*e the rude 
lranr-lra* where once thou »t'*t in nrduoii* 
lenrning'* w-ny». nor ever feel tlra los* of thnt 
fence which wn* never tht-irs. and uow it 
thine only as memory shall ivcnil or art re- 
cord. 

Resignation was also in lira curriruluni in 
the (lavs when IlioU wert fuin to follow slav- 
ishly lira coercivr jangling of the wnrelentlng 
bell, though a Inter ami sterner discipline 
was yet to burn tlra mentiing into thy "uul. 
IKsrwm ~*l W-vlii* it snlknrla, 
qstoiaU fufrigeju 1*1 iKtn. 


A TOURNAMENT OF ROSES. 

Oicamik." ri|M-ii in soiilhenif'alifnniin nlmut 
tin- first of lira year. At this time tlw country 
has taken on it* cunt of green, wild flower* 
are coming out. and dnrrllng hmes amt rivers 
of tin- golden csrlischolixla. the Culifottila 
]Mnt»y. wind away up the slope*. 

Tlra l*t of January i* essentially nit epoch 
in tlra southern California year, and it i« the 
custom of the Valley Hunt of Fiixsdenn, Lm 
Anpelr* County, to web'ome tlra flower* and 
tlra orange by a festival of fruits mid flowers, 
called the Tournament of the Rnm-s Tlra 
initiatory lot) run meal nrouwd much enthu- 
siastn. especially among tlra army of tourist * 
who winter here, and to u-hnm the wealth of 
orange* and flower* was a revelation; ami tlra 
Tournament or Festival of Kores with which 
tlra year 1WH whs ushered in whs of equal 
Interest. 

While the original idea of lira Hunt Chib 
was to celebrate tlie coming of lira Horn I •tril- 
lion. it was al*o to afford amusement in the 
people, especially strangers, nnd to revive 
lira old Spanish’ game* and ru*t»ins of one 
hundred years ago. The ground where lira 
t.niriisiiii nt wa* held wn* In lira centre of 
tlra eitv, surrounded liv orange groves and 
semi tis.fd* verdure of all kinds. It cun 
tained a half mile track, with a grand s1*m| 
and mitral space fur the |xi!o team*, riding 
nt the rings, javelin throning, nnd other 
sports, nnd on tlra 1*1 of January wa* crowd- 
ed with ‘ight. ree-iii from a km net every Slate 
iu the Union and European country ; for 
soiitberu California l» ni-mojKilltati, drawing 
from nil land* 

Thirty or forty year* ago lira tournament 
w as a common entertainment in I.o* Angelc-. 
where bean were lulled with bulls, and va- 
qiieroa iilustrated Uieir skill on the mrai nnd 
the present annual tr.u moment wu* an at- 
tempt to revive lira old game*, oliiitling *nme 
of the objectionable features. 

The races of all kind* were excellent. The 
ram in r* led riding horse* tluii liad l«vn «i 
legiliniiilc ranch work two weeks previno* !•> 
the tournament— a race devised Iu bring out 


tlra sterling and •laying qualities of the Cali- 
fornia lior-e. while tie- •(• nl made wu* »ug 
ROlivr of lira racers thnt have been bred ori 
lira California ratralra*. 

Riding at the ring* is a sport that has long 
been in Vogue in California :md mining tlie 
English in India, mid is one well calculated 
to improve the sent anil give the rider greater 
rofjfldeiice Tlra rings, four nr five in niim- 
lier. are about thro- or four inclraa aero*-, or 
Dot ntm-h larger Ilian an ordinary napkin- 
ring, and sosjH'nded. at intervals of fifteen or 
twenty feel, from wire* pendent from the 
frame* Tlra lioreeincn were a nurd with 
hmg dernier wooden Inures, ami at the word 
put tlralr hi'i'iw ul the ring* nt full *|ieed. 
■-.euring wliat rings they could in turn — an 
easy matter to tlie miprartinvl eye. yet few 
ctmld take tlra rings one after lira other. The 
clatter *sf the tropbie*. the applause of tlra 
crowd i-f spectator* at mi unusually good 
ride, nil tended to excite lira horses and ren- 
der tlnin unmanageable; yet there w a* much 
line riding, and many ring* were taken off. 
lira knight* receiving valuable prize*. Iu 
several instances tlw ring* were covered with 
T>wes. nnd so ronverted into gwrlnnds. mid 
nlinnst everything suggested the day nnd the 
rose. A haridsnine prize was offered for (lie 
flncsl decorated private lm in and pony Irani, 
which brought out decnrntioDs (lint would 
have been a credit to lira I toman nml Klore-u- 
Uira carnival* In some laMance* tlra body 
of the eartiage was covered with green 
*1 iHhU-d with rose*, the spukes of Ihe wheel* 
Hml tlie tire* le-iDg of ml row-*, while the 
horsra appeared to ta- held In a Aural Itarnem, 
the saddle and trace* al*n bring covered with 
rows; other team* bore lira Itiglil red Irarries 
of lira pr-pprr and holly; others were urna- 
men ted w li |i geranium*, some with tlra first 
golden poppies of the season, while lira daisy 
nml man) other flower* added to tlra variety 
of the dceointhw*. 

Among lira jKinr carriage*. drawn by mid- 
gets from Stu-tlmiiY wa* obo entirely covered 
with rulla-lilie* The ponies were in tandem, 
driven hy little* girls, wlm might liave been 
the fnirie* of tlii* summer land, upun which 
the Auuws of winter looked down from the 
upper Sierras, 

The flowers aod the pyramid of gulden 
oranges, free to all. formed feulurcs of the 
iniinmim-ai, simple in tlu-rn selves, but strik- 
ing nnd Impnoeive to tlra vMimx suggestive 
n* they were of the prodigality of tbl* land of 
flowers Tlra eventa cunra on in quick suc- 
cession. 

First the polo team* from Santa Monica 
took the field, tlralr ponies ranking a fine dis- 
play. Bath teams wen- English, and they 
gave one of tlra finest exhibit kins of lira *|iort 
ever ws-n in this roiinlry. their daring riding, 
rapid move*, nnd sure play exciting rontin- 
uni applause from the crowd. 

t trie mu*t come to t alifornia to lake a c»l- 
la-lily hurdle, and tills wa* a feature of the 
hurdle race. Tlra niff liruth hurdle was 
fairly concealed with the cal In blossom* and 
from a distance might hnve been taken for a 
MKiw-Indni fence nr hedge 

While the track on this course was not 
pnrticutarly n>Ls|rti-il for sprcvl. or trial* of 
California llioroiigli-hre*U and horses not so 
well bred, il wn* eminently satisfactory 1o 
the incut critical lovers of lira sport, nnd the 
speed Wn* suggestive of the "land southern 
California lia* taken in il* pruduriinii of 
horseflesh. The feats of riding of lira Mexi- 
can* were especially interesting to lira East- 
ern visitor* At full apeed Urey picked up 
vnriuus object*, as coin. Iistidki-Tchrafs. or- 
anges. from the ground, tossing the Inst into 
the air to catch them again. 

An old Spanish gnmc i* to bury a gnoae or 
a turkey, leaving tire I read protruding above- 
ground. Riding at full »|h-ci!, the rontestant 
endeavor* to grasp the bird by lira neck— not 
an easy matter. Tld* *|xjri was attempted 
without the bird, u dummy living used iu 
deference to lira ladies, nml’ which served to 
■bon ll»* 'kid ol tin- ridan. 

Anrerican riders were by no means Iralond 
their H|miiI"Ii Mexican cousin*. Utra illus- 
trated tire mcihi'.l of taking a throw. The 
hurre W rappMil to have sl<-|>pi-d into a hole, 
stop* suddenly, and tlra rider go ea over hi* 
bend, hut instead of fnliing heavily, lie cornea 
down lightly ujran his feel, run* n few steps, 
nnd turn* to vault into the saddle almraU l*r- 
fore tin horse hn* recovered itself. Oilier 
rider* while at full speed, hwped lightly from 
the •addle to the ground nnd I Iran Inck’ngniri 

The 3 pan Mi part of tire programme proved 
especially Interesting. In lira rxlitbiticm of 
burling tire javelin tlra knight who chal- 
lenged all comer" wus Don Arturo Ihmdinl. 
a rc|>ve tentative -.f one of lira oldest familres 
in southern California. Tire knight’s early 
life was one of nananre and adventure 
nmnng tlra southern Indian*, nnd hi* appear- 
ance wn* greeted with appUm*-. Running 
his hniM- nt tin' tup of his "peed, he hurlml 
lira javelin* with "urh skill that none could 
Compete with littn. At tire rings ire was 
a!*o an expert, leaving carried off the prize 
of the ore viou* year. 

Tlw burro, or donkey. I« n picturesque nml 
novel feature of the flonthweat to tlra East- 
ern eye, arid a burnt rate wn* on tlra pro 
gramme-. St. Slsi-tisn. Hanionit. Han Ua 
l*rlcl. Ilenry Y.,and Don Quixote were roroa 
of tlra hi j>h -sounding tiatiir* by which lira 
long enred fraternity were entered. A doreti 
or so drew into line, nod finally, by dint of 
In licit persuasion, were Started, nuking the 
riute amid mm-li exeitement. tlra last one in 
rewiring the rlr*t prize, ami lira tlrai lira sec- 
ond — a novel iirniiijp.-nraiit that uddcxl to lira 


FEBRUARY 14. 1W. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


127 


(frnrr.il In torcsL Among (lip attractive frn- 
ivire* of Hip limrnumeiil was 11 race betixen 
n tliorough-bred r »cc home and greyhounds, 
The Mart was a Hying one. Ill" bix« U-iug 
pm to Ids full speed . but it wo* nifdnt (lint 
(lie dogi were simply jitnvine They bouuil 
«d nluug. doubling up in* the peculiar milli- 
ner of greyhounds, occasionally looking up. 
hh if wondering whether lire lirinw CiKlhl Ool 
go fold Tire (logs kept at (lie racer's 
quarter. Minirlimec ahead. Hoiiielimi’s behind, 
ami the horse crossed tbc line several feel 
beliiml, uffunJing oue of llie moat exciting 
of all (lie races. 

The appeuranre of n line thorough tired 
greyhound polling forth Its Im-m effort In In- 
eoir.piirnlily Him-, mid there is lull one aninml 
dial can keep |>»re with il, lire famous limit 
ing leopard, or cbnrtuh 

]Dtur3|N*»cd mill lli< ■><• allot! live features 
of (be tournament in former fi-uivnl* Imre 
been athletic sports (In- tug of war ami tool, 
races— but In the present w i“in tin- tounin- 
tiinit idea was strictly adlu-trd to. and man 
mid bor*e went Into the bourn together. 
W Iren iImi orange deepens iuto gold nguiu so 
will souther Tuunuiment of dm If uses cotne. 
and die nirmhrrs of die Volley Hunt may 
well congratulate divine Ives in haling In- 
troduced n custom that will prove an aurac- 
lire feature in the year for a long lime to 
coumt. Chari.*:* Fhedcjock Holder. 


THE RABBI. 

MrsrriXCEmnNH as to wbnt is tire exact 
status of the rabbi arc fivqiiMiL The gen- 
eral and commonest error i* a natuml oue. 
nod It Is that there exists some parallelism 
between rabtii and bishop, when this is iu 
direct opposition to the spirit of the Mosaic 
creed. 1 lie com prehension of whut is the 
devoliciDul net on tbc purl of the Jew re- 
qulres the understanding of tin-, that at one 
und the unu- lime be is the most cunserra- 
live aud democratic of iln:*e who worship 
God. lie lines not brook any supreme eccle- 
tdaslicai head, for all men are equal before 
the Almighty. He reek* spiritual advice 
from n rabbi, follows his interpretations of 
tl*e law. receives consuJatiou from Ida pincers, 
nod bows down before bi* superior Iriir’uiug 
and piety, but nfler that the rabbi s power 
cruw* Tlreru may have come nIiohi cer- 
tain changes during the last three hundred 
yearn, A* tbc Jtiws have naturally bccorob- 
Jeclcd to lulniiuistnilive regulations, stale 
government-* have selected certain individ- 
uals, grunting them pnrlicular a {tries. as in 
Fitiutv and Germany, and these rabbi* are 
regarded os the In-mis of die Jewish ronirnu- 
tallies. though the orthodox Jew would con- 
trat even this, Occasionally among ignuiun: 
and superstitious Jen rabbis liave oXcrrired 
function* to which they ware nut entitled. 
Anything, however, like hierarchical power 
in u rabbi is non existent. 

Tbo derivation of the wonl in a conaiu 
measure explains whut is the nibbi. In tie- 
brew or Aramaic r*d> menus u m*Mer. as 
do ruifsi and ralAan. With tbc pronoun 
added to It. rut/boui is " my master.' mid »i*6- 
Uuu "our ma*4cr." The use of the wonl in 
the sense of ' 1 master " is common iu Ixilh 
the Old aud New Touament h Beyond, how - 
ever, that high cslis-m in wbirb tbc nbbi 
is held, there is nnthiug maleifailly langllili.' 
about tlw title, Tlwro is really no method- 
ns by lire impusing of bunds -or eemnonhi] 
which ran construct nut of U learned and 
pious Jew u rabbi. Thera is no plate for 
any dignltaritw. lint there i» something 
higher the Jew can give die lubbi, anil liiai 
is an ideal poridou. lie U lifted up and be- 
yond Ilia fellow* because of Ilia dovoutru-** 
uud his wisdom. Than can ha nothing 
grander in human conception than this ns it 
is found in the Talmud. Here numerous 
rabbis, with this handle attached to their 
name, may figure. Gut die lew gTent ones, 
whose teachings left indelible impression* 
od Jewish hearts, have tbeir name* written 
with no title id rabbi They (IMt known Ul 
be so Illustrious as to require no word-trap- 

Tt V. Chumintki gives an excellent 
picture of a rabbi The type of face »« pro- 
nounced. The distinct ficinilic profile Is 
liters. Doughty. In perched Amina, whore 
"a man's longue rmtlrd iu ilia mouth,'' saw 
sheiks, ia like would lie a blot her to tills 
rabbi who worshipped Moliamnxsl. Tin.* Ori- 
entalism is marked: it allows itself in tbo 
mode of worship. Modem metlMMls of ad- 
dressing one's God vary from the older way. 
To pray w as a purl of an old 8heni lie's occ*i- 
pauaa. Hi* m perhaps wwa ao often en- 
dangered. bis esCHjxf from accident so fie- 

a Dent, that many times during tin: day be 
i auked hi* God for HU mercies. As the 
Jew felt that keen desire to pr«v. he was in- 
different to bU auRoundings. Even fashions 
in the luuuifes lotions of devotion vary w ith 
race* The niuez/m who cries to prayers 
from the minaret U but us Lite living hell 
wrhirb tolls from the church tower 

There are seels who believe in silent prayer, 
and are nearer In their God when in th>- mys- 
tery of gloom and shadow. It U only un 
emotional question. Tbc Jew. the mbbi, 
in bi* prayer* is never loud, noisy, or given 
to exmtonious. In certain portions o f In* 
prayer*, a* be mentions the notM of hi* God 
lie bows reverently, and younger creeds have 
foilowtsl hi* ways. Around him he Im* 
dr.i|*d bis tali* - iotuetinu-s Engiisbed taltlh. 
It I* a white scarf with boriX'rtital Mri|»-- of 
blue. Such a *carf Jems wore, ausi when 


tbc woman who suffered was touched by the 
border of il ( AV-uprd** g her issue of Idisid 
Was IteaUd. Thu scurf has Irlugv* knotted 
ill a peculhii way, arid on this we might see 
an approucli to The Mexican method of con- 
veying ideas by menus of knots. Tire nihlu 
Wears lire plsy loclerirs. The one on the 
head 1* Uic T'Jlhm *A.i? A'.-* A, lire one on his 
arm I i*c T'JMtim *An I I'm/. The first i* a 
frontM. with • small box made of leather, 
coutnining certain Seriptiire U-xts ; that on 
the arm Isa ligature of leather bound around 
the it r tn seven liinea, mid three limes around 
tire middle finger. The using of the leJHUm, 
nr ttfAMm, follows the command found re- 
pealed more than once in Exodus and iK-u- 
Mweny " And It Idle law I rim 1 1 l»- for a 
sign unto this- upon thine lomd, and for a 
memorial between thine eyes. " The pious 
Jew carries oil! literally lire Biblical text 
The use of the hJU/im is at morning prayer. 
It is in4 used on Nstnrd*) * or other testlvals, 
w itli the one exi-i-ntioii. on the day of greatest 
mom mug to lire Jew*, when it cvallo the de- 
MriKlum of Jerusalem. The variation of the 
trJIUiw is the ruMtry, which is In common 
usage with lire Thibetans, A musical mem- 
ory is common to Jews, because the chanting 
of tbeir prayer* requires u certain sequence 
of notes, and it is acquired at an early age. 


AMATEUR SPORT. 

Cu a mi. kk F, MAmrfcwwr* and James K 
Ilium, by their report on the adjustment of 
the ruuch-vexing expense problem, have earn 
ed lire unfeigned gratitude of all interested 
In tire future welfare of amateur athletics. 
If their iwrerr hereafter nuts in lire must 
mediocre of channels, ilrere will yet remain 
ample cause for cnngraiuUiion From lime 
out of mind the ex (-ruse question has been 
tlru banc of every mlileilc legislator: many 
loan wrestled with it, hours have born spent 
Iu IU debate, but there- bus always been a 
lack of courage u> grapple with it heroically, 
lit lire last year or two il has assumed such 
formidable propoiti.in* with privileges lav 
ishlv and indiscriinimlely extended, and I ho 
good name of lire nniatcur outrsgtsl mi wan 
(only, that Ibe efforts of the indrfatigablu few 
for Ibe piirifinition of the field have finally 
ls-cn recognized. 

It ia a »AD hkfi ection on our large and 
po waif ul athletic olulw that it has been found 
ii'.cv-wry to resort to extrema measure-s. Il 
has always hnu within die province of these 
club* to add great weight to the efforts or the 
few; they have enjoyed a tMDMldoUB lldlu 
Mice, to wieltl for good or evil. Tnf< ut unntc- 
ly, however, tire malty engendered iu the 
one great struggle f..r point* seem* to have 
completely hltned till thought of lire future 
prosperity of athletics. The report of Measr*. 
MhUIimaboii and U u ii ti to the Ihinril of Mali- 
ngers of the Amateur Athletic Lnioo ret- 
^tricts indUeri minute prize- giving, limiting 
the value, and confining it to legitimate twi- 
phies. *uch as du-cIiiIh, cups, and burners, 
fire expense question il handles fearlessly 
nnd ably. aMraini all expenau paying ex- 
cept to chuiupiouship inertings, and advising 
the possible inciitdlug of district champinii- 
ships. It remains now for lire Board of 
Miinii^er* to set its ami of npjiroval on these 
resolutions, nnd the greatest step toward the 
uUaiument of amateur spoit in its healthful 
conception lias been taken. 

IlC THE MEAX TIME some dbetl*sion is gr- 
tngon a* to tire advisability of adopting what 
a few impelutHlH ami uoiufimnnt one* declare 
will be Un* ruination of iiiiileiics. It is a bit 
i urious Ihut such warped iili-ns are enivriNin- 
ed Oil a question *o vital, and by iiimi who 
have been hrongbt more or lew in touch with 
Uic subject: but since such opinion* <lu rxUt 
uud fiuu the light of pitut.lt i* well to com 
but them, leav llreir sophistry delude tire nn- 
thiuking Tire great ijoestlon before the 
lunotrur iithlrtic world is, then, shall we al- 
low athletics to be monopolized by a class of 
men, professional by instinct, ainaieur by 
courtesy, sent hither and thither represent- 
ing some wealthy club thiit i» willing to pay 
llreir expenses and posse in the questionable 
altitude of a promoter of amateur sport? 
Are we to have u class of athletes whOM' ab- 
solutely *olc interest in lire sport is the prize* 
they win? Are club* to lx permitted to ac 
quire stable* of athletes, wbiare entire time ia 
given up to training, and actually live ul tire 
expense of lire club for weeks pre-viotw to a 
set of game*? 

What is the diftxxknck between these 
and eollege athlete*? I have beard some ask 
It is so great that there i* really no line of 
comparison. The college man is urinated 
by every honorable motive which the mug- 
liunllug athlete lucks. So far il* it nppeuT* 
to the worhl gmerslly. Itowever. (be greuteat 
distinction exists in the different condition* 
under which tire molt train and compete, 
t ruupared to la* after work, tire col kg* man 
I* ctijoytug his play liour of life: hi* time i* 
hi* own, and whut be give* to sport is for the 
glory of his «/wi« matrr and hi* own plea- 
sure. Club xthU-ti-s ax a rule, of course, 
have pnsrevl tbeir playr hour, aud ioin«d the 
great army of bread winners. Kcereolioa 
become* rewlltr the more li te r w a r y, in point 
of health, but <if secondary importance. 
What is Uic prune purpon of nthh-tics* To 
afford recreation awl rest front the cares and 
Wutrk-e of Uitt work a day world, or to build 


up* hand of performer* in our dub* to nttrnrt 
*|rerUitnra and *wrll the gate receipt*? Aside 
front tire pure sentiment of sustaining lire 
Stamford ol the amateur, and of keeping the 
t -.ink and file of athletics absolutely clean, 
the future prosperity of IImi sport, in point 
of pecuniary return and recognition by >he 
licst rkmcrit of aocifty, pod lively dMBands 
tire active support of the better class of ath- 
lete*. 

Althocsh to a limited extent drawn 
by the prosjiect of apart, ilrere I* no quest mu 
whatever tlmi lire tuajurily <if the spectators 
ut any of lire game* arc nltmcUd Ikonn of 
tile roeUI ntauiJiug of the [iurticipiuits, in tbc 
abatract they probably enjoy the sport, but 
it to by no means the first coBaidcmtion of 
llreir BitemUucv. Wlio ever goes Ui a pt-u- 
fesiiiiiiul fool xact; nowadays? Who cues a 
rup whether John Duricn out ruu one bun 
died yard* in even Unic or n fractMMl lew? It 
is not Loa Myers the piufesMonai wIumii we 
remember, hut Lon My er* the amatciu. Atli- 
h ire costume and dislaoee huve ieut a cTi.tim 
to many of the comjH-riog athlete* of today, 
so that the general s|rectatnr has rctnaiurd 
delmtisi with tin: impreseioc that every oue 
of them is a " friend, u brother " .Winn- 
ing the cntric* in athletic competition to 
have degenerated until thoar y cl in the liti uur- 
ity were greatly iu the mujurity and eventual- 
ly monopolized tire Hold, whut would be the 
iMlMler of the spei tutors, amt |Q -a list 
would the sport dcgciicmter 

.VxD If our large dub* continue picking 
up men wfao*e only recommendation is llreir 
athletic pro »uvi, it will certainly drive out 
of active competition those members that 
Indulge in athletic* for sport pure und sim- 
ple So mod hb the impreaeloa goat abroad 
that tire athlete* of a club are members 
for no other reason than that they win 
points, just at that moment It will *ouud the 
ktrell of athletics as we would have it inter- 
preted. There should positively Ire uo disuitc 
lion aiming lire mi-mU-rs of MH c lub Alls- 
true memberships ore a blot on the escutcheon 
of amateur ajairi Wc do not want athlete* 
who compete for wliat they gel out of it. 
We ilo not wnm mug-hunter*; wo want gen- 
llenieu amateurs al heart who compete be-, 
cauw of tbc pleasure it affords them. and me 
not to ire influenced from one dub to Knottier 
by lute* of addition ul expense money. There 
is not room fur two kind* of athletis Men 
dial can spend weeks iu (repariug for com- 
petition riiould have sutlkrent of this world's 
goods to pay lueir own expense*. Men that 
have the requisite line, hut no money, had 
best lie looking to their husinew pttnpecw. 

Oxn or the MrnoRnEST poistb raiwd 
iigainvt lousing this resolution of aholisliing 
the |«y lug of «X|renses i* (hut it w ill destroy 
competition between widely separated club*, 
uud consequently retard the growth of athlet- 
ic*. On the contrary, 1 urn of (he upiuiou that 
it will aid athletic* greatly, and invest tire 
iiuuusl cltoinplousbips with greater interest. 
It will stimulate lire local cltibe to greater 
effott by putting them on llreir nicttic, ami 
unquestionably tic tire HtcaiM of developing 
u greut deal of material that i* now over- 
iookod. Tho reaolutlon now presented to 
the Amateur Athletic Union for action is the 
strongest hit of legidutiou we have ever hail 
toward placing ait.ktic* on a proper plane, 
and the Board of Managers cannot afford to 
riielvc it. buppore It doe* lewa a certain 
cla» of competitor*, who will lament them? 

Tin; fxsrotrrsM vxi.ire equxnnDE result- 
ing upon -ome of the decisions at the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania gtune* points Strongly to 
the nooemby of investing power in lire athletic 
committee uf every dub to administer sub- 
atantial rebuke to nit in hem irautgre-sriug tho-e 
a.iurle."ie» to which, unfortunately, the typi- 
cal athlete appear* to be a stranger. At these 
games in direct violation of an rtn|»liu.ri7.t'il 
ruling, several tueu went on the track w ith 
spikoit riioc*. nnd one of them, upou being 
diMpialitled, loudly proclaimed the injustice, 
for>ooth, with which lie was tieiug (rented. 
Thw i* tire duo* of men that al tempt to win 
races fraudulently , that pour llreir fictitious 
nnd highly colored woes into the eager ear* 
of some space filling reporter, and whok oIl 
noxious pretence »t shall Ire well rill of when 
the expense resolution Ita* boon jhhm’I- There 
was koine confusion iu one or two of the 
race* nt Philadelphia, entirely ti annul on so 
small a truck. Sonic of the official* wonld 
have benefited by greater experience; but in 
that fact hi to be found no occasion for tbc 
license taken by sonic of the New York ath- 
letes, Such occurrences are unfortunate. fur 
it give* uur in -igbburs an unpleasant ojuuion 
of our athlete*, and must ee gender feeling* 
detriniental to tire lrest interest* of spoil 
There 1* no law that readies tliul Mr more of 
meetings, the athlete who Mideavor* to win 
under auy and nil circumstanen . but the 
dignity of iwir club* demands Hint tlieve men 
Ire disciplined by their rc*|iccUrr athlete emu- 
mitteo*. 

Ir THE MEMBER* of the Benton Athletic 
A*iwiaiioii,and the athletic worhl generally, 
w ill profit by the action of Boston'* straight 
lacca Aldermen over tbo recent boxing tour 
Dsniuil in that city, Ilrere will tie cause fur 
genuine rejoicing.' Not that 1 atu al all in 
sympathy with the action of the Aldermen, nor 
agree with them in the d« nomination of the 
laurnunrenl us " brutal." for it wa* extremely 
tuild to what we are accustomed to sceiug 


hcrealKiuts under it llcurd amateur nuspirc*. 
It furnishes a text, boirevcr. upon wt.ieii a 
strong sermon miulil Ire preached. Wander 
t* frtsprenily expressed why more gentleliieii 
skilhii in la>xing do not enter these tourint 
meet*. Why . indeed T Whenever the que* 
trim lias Urett pul to me. I have intarinldy 
requested my interrogatut to attend one of 
these " allow ft,” and sltMly the plivsriigiMMny 
of the rvuilpstalit* Now why is it that this 
best i>r all spurt i* given over i -trndWy to 
Hie Bowery eleineRlf First and foremost fre- 
cause an entirely erroneous idea pievuil* in 
regatd to (he contest*, where brute force 
and awkwardness rather than skill predom- 
inate. 

Tut. sport i* sot excoc raged: Il I* pub- 
licly given freer to men whose entire concep- 
tion is emonrioed m potting tbeir opjiom-m* 
to hI«*x Tlierv i* nnthing ImiiIii) iu lumi. 
clever boxing; il is only whin men indulge 
In slugging that the spectacle IrecnruHdlHgust- 
iug. Men rexort to slugging Irecausc they 
are tint nkilled in boxing. If llii'V Ml RnM 
to give * dean blow from the shoulder they 
would inclrew swing- front tire hip. and 
quite contrary to the general untutored im- 
pression a much Imnkr blow can lie delivered 
from the riiouhicr than on the swing. If 
our athletic clubs would give lioxing Kiurn* 
tnenl*. prmided over by c-apnbk Judges w ho 
know tire difference between a foul swinging 
blow delivered With the inside of lire hand 
and one with the knuckles. Instead of "guV 
to gratify the thlr»! for a little gore, Hie sport 
could vert- shortly ire placed where it he- 
longs. Contests today n* we *ce them ex- 
hibit many glaring fault*. The greatest of 
these I* lire swing from the liip, **rn n‘ every 
tournament, and which 1 have many trim* 
stated tt is impasaihli; to deliver wiilio'uf com- 
mitting « foul. If men were disqualified 
for tLiing tin* blow, Urey would be conipelk'd 
to box fairly : and as such a condition Is not 
ngreeahle to the rug. tag, and bobtail element, 
gentlemen would soon be left ir. tMwwwriou 
of tire ring. If our uhjeel i* to fight, let u* 
(brow aside the giove*. and face one another 
in COOdill I'l to do the Job with MRlMMO and 
desputi-h , if wo nro boxing for points, let us 
adhere to cniumon sdti»c rules. 

I Mt:»T ciiXEKss I nr-tntrn in tlw failure to 
pojKilarlzc in door lav bull. Tliere it no fea- 
ture in Ibe game that CORHtnda It to sport* 
men. anil tlrere ore many that have con- 
demned it. In the first place, tire light bn* 
worked greatly to it* Injury, and tire diffi- 
culty of following a hsil has altogether 
robbed Hie game of all pleasure to the spec- 
tator. AfiMn, the danger u> tin- hatraw i» 
not inoonsldpral le, for his Inability to see 
lire bull until it u1n>ui rcacbcs him, and tire 
■difficulty of dodging it at such close range, 
have resulted in some teflon* injuries. It 
may lie safely concluded that if the pro- 
fewMioal players have found (lie outlook for 
In-door bane-ball *o poor n* to aWndori lire 
project of turning the amphitheatre of the 
Madison Square Garden into a diamond, there 
is little iu It indeed. My especial pleasure 
over tlw result is caused by the failure of a 
suuimer game in wintrr. There is nothing 
*o conducive to health and prosperity a* «■» 
tenable weather, and it U my rooted convic- 
tion that, except for Dccosuinnl exhibition 
purpose* — a*, for instance, id the case of la- 
crosse— summer game* have no plnce in tho 
winter program (Be. Tire attempt has been 
iniule many limes and in different cilUs, and 
ll« failure ha* been signal aud irretrievable. 

The flag os the boat not si: »t Yale I*. 

1 bear, ui half mast over the probable lust to 
Ibe crew of Hartwell and Ferris It must be 
remembered, however, that ibis I* the winter 
of Yale's disronlcnl. ns indeed when Is lire 
college winter that I* mu ? 1 Unwell may be 
iuductd to continue on lire crew, though it is 
unking a great deal of a nun wire is putting 
n two-y ran* course Into one-. Peril* has becu 
a sick iiuid. it » true, licit even now he i* do- 
ing a lot of work, und may puli himself into 
Ibe old form. 

TllK FKKIJXO AMONG rNPKRORAPr ATE* at 
Harvard has not been of lire most jubilant 
ehurectcr for Uie pasi few weeks concerning 
the prospects of the crew: b*lt I sltftll defer 
comment until after I have seen tlwm. which, 1 
hope, will be next week. In the mean time I 
believe 1 can safely predirt, and 1 hope arouse 
drooping spirit*. Hint the nthletri: team will 
be permitted to compete iu tire intercollegi- 
ate UbanipionKhips. 

Grk.it nm tE R wt is MANtFurr among 
yachting mm as to «hc work cut out for ibe 
new Fife forty. six-footer, and Hie outlook i* 

( nrtieulariy Miraetive from lire fact tbut Mr 
turgesn will have u rival In tire wpt-cial class 
he bus heretofore monopolized. 1’roliwldy 
the greatest race uf the w-xxiu will be when 
the«f funy-ftlx-foolers conre together, for 
ireilnigli every yacht tn the das* earth-* a 
sklp|«cr of pronounced skill, as 1 fancy Mr 
Fourr. the ownrv of tire new craft, will real 
ize wlrett Ire eiMsmiilers Midi professioual* ii* 
M'fttsoa. Ilsff. ami Barr Owners in ibe 
forty dost nre not esnodnlly jubilaut over 
their pros|ioc(. Tire Fenlunt. if<wM«iN, bihI 
Mitirrat have Ik-cji dcclnred for sale. Slid 1 
slum Id lull 'be ut ail surprised to hear nlw "( 
the ir. mn.f. Iwing pat on tire nmrkeC Mr 
Forier fought desperately and long to de- 
feat the ti-mnN with iVn/ant. ami U must 
Lave mode hi* heart ache lo renounce her. 

Uam'an W. Wihtxev. 



128 


HARPER’S WEEKLY 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1792. 



PROTECT YOUR HEALTH. 

Cnu> ami molifnre combined kite ■ lor- 
poniUc Wlbrt ■|K>n IH« bodily or (iu. u4 
the illgusil.a ■III] MMIn pi»w« are a|K 
lu be more tarilit} |Kiiun»rd In winter tksa 
111 Ike Cal!. Tke uar U Ira*, alao, ■ .f lb* ex- 
erttory fnactlotw. Tbe boacte air often .ln K - 
gtah, ■ml the p»r»# alia- akin throw off Imt 
little wnau leaner at tab wikhi. The »ya- 
inm, Ihaiatav. i«|ulnaa iipcalng up a lUllr, 
amt alao purlf-lur and i.velnlnr, ami ibo 
•afear. rarest, «a>t moat Ihonmxb i..ur and 
alter xiItc tint ran be need f,.r this* |.er|o«« 
ka lloeteeier'a Momaeli lllllera Teiaoua elm 
with lo aarapai I lie rbenaiatlr !•'.(. fee, I be 
d|»p»ptle ugnulna, llie pnlafal >1 •Wr*ai><«a 
o4 the ImiwvIs, the biliniia attack., u>| the 
men Mia tullalhno no ramnuu al IkM lime 
ill the year el'-l 4n well In relatorc* their 
• t.I.iii. a.lh llila (enownnl >er<4able atn. 
ni.- lilc and lattfomaf. |i Improve* tba ttt- 
poltir, alraligtline tin- alumacli, clour* laa 
•pin;*, and renovates lha whole pkjalqoc.— 
Iddw.) 


IT TAKES MONEY TO BUY 
MONEY'S WORTH. 

You ran buy n thine railed d Life 
Policy or an Accident Policy for pretty 
much any prior below current rate* 
you are willing to pay. in strict ratio 
to tli« tecurity you gel. If you want 
to print one J ourself and »o forego 
security altogether, you ran get it for 
llw coat of the printed job. if you are 
willing to taho the obligations of a 
petty local aocirty with no money iumI 
no management and uo straight 'figur- 
ing and no auditing and no guaruiily, 
you can buy them for a quarter or so 
of our price* : mid mi on up. till a lit 
tie uuder solid security menu* a littlo 
under the price for solid security. 
Rut w bat U tbe use of swapping one 
c bunco for another ? A man inaurea 
liecause the ebsnee of bis premature 
tleatb make* hi* fngiily'a aiiuntion pre- 
carious. but L it any lews precarious 
when there is on equal cletnrr of lltc 
pretnnlud' denth of the concern be Is 
"inRiirrd " in ? If the company will 
have to In' hunted half over llac L lillcrt 
Mates and aged, ami if after it u sued 
it bus nothing you fail levy on. a matt 
Ir a fool to wane tire rentR in premi- 
um* on its " policies;" and be i« worse 
titan n fool if lie bunk* his frutiily'a 
entire provision on such worthier* 
piece* of paper. Make sure first tliat 
the mmpuur toil lake a policy in lias 
picul) of surplus fund* lau k of it . and 
secondly, that its agents ure mil agents 
lo serve pruev-k on— so that for your 
purpose llw company is located wher- 
ever it liu- mi agent — uot dummies 
wilbout responsibility or nulliorUa- 
lion. The Tiuviujum Lim %m» 
AtfUHCvr Ijoi iiim r. Co . of Hart- 
ford. Conn., mi in* inly till* both re- 
quirements. uml its surplus of over 
f2.ttim.WNl is ample lo meet every 
|Hi«oil>le demand —[Atlr. | 


MKS. WIXttl-OWB MK/rillNU SYRUP 
lu 1 st* nwt r.'f me fifty year* by tnlllv.na 
«i| nttUfO lnr ibslr ebliOteu while teething, 
wit'. |«ir«t aoctese. Il acaulna lbs rhlld. 
•litmus I l.r sum*, alii}* all hula, dim wind 
colic, and la lit* best remedy lot “ * 

Mold by iliugittals lu nary tael of t 
Twenty dve tenia a Un»U».-{vttl». | 


Cm mi* is* U»m -Ibuar wh» ara suffer- 
ing fnmi r»ni;li». < '■ -kl., lioanenrws, Sole 
Tliri.sf, etc.. .hon'd try llaowa • Hmssih 
T annum. » ronplaaliit rffivtl.r irmnli. Tlwy 
contain nothin.- lhyii>-a., suit wit »*• n tut at 
all tlntaa with pofuet Mfuij.-[s J».| 




When its I MV Mr. vita, sill- tlaur |.. ts.iorta. 
W lira .hr lull CUhbMl.ahcny r tbraCasi— la. 

-l-fr.l 


BtlOWftt* IIOt'sKIKit.ll PANACEA, 

“1 .IE CHEAT PAIN 1IKUKVKK, " taraa 
r>.n.|.., colic. tin.!*, all pains. tSris. a Malta. 

wfelwd I 

UK I. TON'S 1'KJtKKiT TOOTH PcWDKK. 
Whllsna the Welh lint |>utillaalbebi«alb. UK. 

-Mde.| 

Ir yon anlfcr f«m« In.urau*. nf b-.wrla, »i 
lever and ajiur, Aa«a»iiira lllltria all! cure 


VSK tmOWN'S t'AUI'IMlHATRB SAPO- 
NACUOt'N tlKNTIFUtCB tut Itu IUTH 
DKLKiors. *<. -{.tilr .1 


Hia.m* him 



Digitized by CjOOqIc 


GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH 8HERMAN.-[Su Faoe 1M ] 


130 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. Ilia. 


HARPER S YOUNG PEOPLE. 

'* Tkt belt merit? puHieatien far young people in exiitrnreP 
— X. V. OlUENVFR. 

'f'HF. number of Harper's Young People far Feb- 
ruary ijth is an unusually interesting one, con- 
taining several contributions of market! dishneiism, 
1'rominent among these is a two fart start, entitle, t 
K/TTYK/M. AXD THE I’A FT SUE FLAYED 
IX THE YVAF. By Thomas Nelson Pack. 

This story, an d the fifth instalment of Howard Pvi.h’s 
serial, "MF.X OF /FOX," illustrate, t by the Author, 
a stirring story far boys tailed " SM/TIXG THE 
AMAI.EE/TE ? A i Mar v SKMHtK M i: Coiiii» and a 
fanciful tale, "HQRSE-CHESTXl T MF.X? far 
the younger readers, make a strong combination of the 
best kind of fiction. 

AH the stories are illustrated. 

A four-page supplement contains an illustrated article 
on Harvard University, by IJoyd M c Kim Gar- 
riant. This is the first of a series of articles on the 
principal colleges in the I '/sited Stater. 


No. 1783 . 

Harpers Weekly. 

WITH cnvmi. AND srj-ri.EMKNT IfiSTAIRTNO 
AS ILJ.tSTHlTKlX, IN TINT, ENTITLED “A 
LABOR OP LOVE." DRAWN BT C. *. IIKINlllRT. 

Ulll«l IP CKNTN A 11)1*1.-11 W A » K 1 It. IN tlHtllL 

•S'liAvi^ifini limy ^,*iu mlti irjjo .YwniAn*. 


5*10X8 OF THK TIMES. 
fllHE mint important recent pditival event is tlie 
1. President'* pnadamuliou of commercial reei 
procily with Biw.il. which ha* a significance lieyonil 
that of it* coiumn-rial iis|nm-I I»imii)j the Unit trap 
of the H skrin.lv administration Mr liMINK Pit no 
■ quiet and inconspicuous that it waft even suggested 
that he intruded to withdraw from further political 
activity. The election of Mr. Reed a* Sjieaker. with 
tile introduction of the larilf hill by Mr. MrKlNLKY 
aud of the election bill by Mr. LtiDtiK. brought into 
proniiiience ti lexis «-f younger uld<* nud aggressive 
Republican leaders, who promised to take coiimimid 
or the party and restore anuieihing of it* old vigor 
Support of the McKinley bill Wait made a kind of 
party shibboleth. arid the election wav in lie carrird 
with a wlioop. But in the midst of (he shouting a 
voice of diswuil was suddenly heard, (if dissent epi- 
grammatically expressed, mid of the highest author- 
ity. Mr. Hi.aisb said Unit the McKinley hill would 
nut benefit the very agricultural class which it wim 
designed to propitiate, and that reciprocity was the 
commercial legislation which the time and the situ- 
ation of the country drmanded. There w as no Re- 
publican who could have dissented from the McKin- 
ley bill with such effect un Mr. Bi.aink, iind hi* due 
sent was not only an opinion ii|«>n a proposed tariff 
policy, it wav a noli Ural inn to the new party leader- 
ship of which tile other mail from Maine was the 
chief figure that the original man from Maine had 
not retired from politic*. 

There watt a feeble effort to discredit the Secretu 
ry’a party fidelity, but it was abortive, because it was 
known that lie s|N»ke for a large body of Republicans 
who held the old conservative view of the tariff, 
many of them indeed agreeing with Garkirld th.it 
the tariff was best “which ultimatca in free-trade." 
Mr. BpTTKRW ORTH, one of the ablest Republican 
member! of the House, lately quraks «*f the new lead- 
ership as " those who have been able against the 
wish and judgment or seventy- five |ier rent, of the 
Republican |»rly to dictate it* |x>licv and shape it* 
legislation ' There was a prompt jwirtjr reaponw to 
Mr. Blaine's mu tiler cry of reciprocity uguinsl the 
Mi'KlXLEY tariff, and it was observed that while the 
Feeratary protested uguinsl the tariff |*dic_v, he was 
silent upon the otlu-r mournin', tin* election hill, 
which in its older form aoma years ago he bud op- 
posed. In the autumn campaign Mr Bi.aink made 
two suggestive speeches — <nie in Maine, |x-iiding the 
Speaker's re election, in which lie did not. commend 
the McKinley bill, but did advocate reciprocity; and 
the other in I’cnnsylvania. nn the eve of election, in 
which, the campaign being over, lie asserted km party 
lidnlity. 

The election followed, The popular venliet was 
pronounced upon tlm new Republican leadership, 
mid it ni said that there was at least one old Re- 
publican lender who had not gone dnwn with the 
wreck. Mr. McKinley's re-election was defeated, 
mid tin* general result was interpreted as a most em- 
phatic condemnation of his bill. Congress met. and 
a resolute aud desperate pRvty effort was made in 
the Senate to petsa the election bill, which also Mr. 


BlaINK bud not eotnmended. and was known to disap- 
prove. and by a jMrty bolt which no discipline could 
prevent, the election bill was practically defeated 
Its defeat, with that of the extraordinary closure bill, 
which was intended to secure its litem!, was scaree- 
ly admitted by its sup|*irtere when the President's 
proclamation announced reciprocity with Hnuil. 
which was hailed with enthusiasm bv the Republican 
press, and conceded by the Democratic opposition to 
lie in harmony with a policy which ought to be uni- 
versally adopted. This is all included in tin* history 
of a year, ami it is practically the achievement of one 
leader against the proposed action of his party under 
a new leadership. It demonstrates that Mr. Blaink 
ha* nut withdrawn front ]M>lilies. and it leaves him 
distinctly as a force to lie reckoned with in the future 
councils of his purty. 

•TIS SIXTY YEARS SINCE. 

THK speeches at the late meeting to celebrate the 
fortieth anniversary of the first National Woman"* 
Rights Convention were very interesting as illustra- 
tions of the advance of public sentiment. The move 
ment in its origin shared the |iopiilar antipathy with 
which the antislavery agitation was regarded, hut 
the aversion had more the tone of ridicule and con- 
tempt. When AliUY KeLLEV begun to sjieak in 
Connecticut she was frequently mublx-d by the more 
disreputable part of the community, and severely 
frowned upon by the more respectable and religion* 
circle*. In a paper of her reminiscences which was 
mid at the meeting it was plain that the young wo- 
man suffered for a time a kind of martyrdom. Mrs. 
I.rc'Y Stone also recalls the hostility of the press 
and the pulpit. On one occasion a clergyman at 
Malden had been asked to announce a meeting at 
which she would speak, which lie did in this man- 
ner: “ I am requested by Mr. MoWKY to sav that a 
hen will undertake to crow like a cork at the Town 
Hall this afternoon at five o’clock. Anybody who 
waul* to hear that kind of music will of course at- 
tend.'' 

There is no more able, liberal, and progressive 
paper to-day than the Hpringliehl Re/inidirn n, which 
is one of tlie most faithful advocates of the opening 
of every opportunity to women. But in ibae days 
ils founder and editor said to LCOY Stone in the Itr- 
p/tblicati, “You she hyena, don't you come hero.” 
Mr*. Stone's review of the remarkable progress due 
ing the hulf century of the sentiment of fair play 
fnr women is very interesting and striking. Their 
admission to the exerrixe of free speech, to respectful 
mention in tins press, to the higher education, to op- 
portunities of occupation, from the teaching aud sew- 
ing of fifty year* ago to the countless employments 
of to-day. in the great and happy modification of the 
laws rewpeeting women, and in the |mrticipation in n 
certain degree of political power, a* in school meet- 
ings in some of the older Staten and complete si if 
frame in some of the Territories, are all as significant 
aud cheerful illustrations of a wise progress of opin- 
ion as the history of the half-century in this country 
presrntN. Yet. us Mrs. Stone truly says, it ts a prog- 
ress which ha* not come of itself. From the begin- 
ning liberty has not been the fruit of tropical care- 
lessness. but of the most devoted and determined la- 
bor. and the best augury of the future is the history 
,.f tin pact 

It is a singular coincidence Hint at the moment 
when the beginning of the movement for the larger 
liberty of women was celebrated, the question should 
be largely discussed whether niArriuge is a declining 
institution, nnd that an nrromplifthed woman should 
maintain that it i*. This might be a disagreeable 
inmt hue pnpfor hoc. Mrs. Kate Gannett Well* 
think* that the iudis|Mi*itioii among modern women 
to marry is due to philanthropy, higher education, 
and self analysis. The woman interest* herself in 
human welfare rather than in a man; the cultiva- 
tion of her inteilect is more charming than that of 
the heart, and her iiiiml measures, with the precision 
of a Npiritniil laboratory, the cornjui native iul vantage* 
of marriage and celibacy. These, however, are mys- 
teries P»n serious for the end of an article. The 
statement, however, presents woman in the light of 
the Indy in I jOJWl FELLOW 'h " Hyperion," who was lx*- 
lovcil by Mr. Berkeley, an Englishman who had not 
meditated such themes n* the possible decay of mat 
riiuouy. To his ini passioned declaration the lady 
answered, "Sir, you are in love with rcrlaiu ntt re- 
bates." "D ynar attributes, mndam." "Sir."' 

said she. with dignity, “you have lieen drinking"; 
and so they parted. It was said in nn article last 
slimmer, evidently ln-u-d iijmiii trust worthy statistics, 
that it seemed to lx* clear that the higher education 
rul her promoted marriage. Thin was reassuring. lx*- 
cause such a result a* Mrs. Well* describes would lx* 
a deplorable rnnxeqiieuce of progress. Two oentiiries 
ago Dean Swim* said it wa* agreed that a wise man 
would nol marry a woman who knew much. That 
wa* undoubtedly the wiser plan for Lite average man 
of the time. But if, a* Bacon say*, the more lan 
gauges a man hath the more man is he, il will be 
hard to believe that the more knowledge a woman 
hath Lite less woman is site. 


RECIPROCITY IN CANADA. 

A VERY interesting letter from Mr. Gnuiwix 
SMITH to the New York TYntea state* fully and clear 
ly the {xilitienl situation in CYniadu. The fiiiidurin-iit 
al tendencies of feeling in that country are conti- 
nental und unti-Contiueatal. The Liberal*, wln-tlier 
they anticipate union with the United Stall-* or not. 
are now "men of this continent," who desire the 
closest relation with it* other inhabitant*. The Con 
bervativex ure u colonial Tory party, who seek to 
maintain the closest alliance with British Toryism, 
and by fostering the aristocratic spirit upon thin con- 
tinent, to avert the triumph of democracy in the New 
World. Of this purty Sir John Macdonald is the 
chief, nnd his |x>licy is the prevention of closer rela- 
tions with this country. He i* a pmli-vti«>ni*t be- 
cause. economically, protection sever* C'unuilu from 
the United States. Tlte desire for commercial union 
increases rapidly among the Canadian people, and 
as the McKinley hill hat irritated litem, Sir John 
seiie* the op|X)rtuni1y to dissolve Parliament, hoping 
that the irritation uiay give him a majority at the 
polls. 

The plat of Sir John for the dissolution is his desire 
to have a freshly elected Parliament to sustain his 
purpose of conferring with the United State* upon 
closer trade relations. But in the event of his sue 
oe«s in securing n majority, he can very easily pro- 
pose terms to this country which in its own interest 
cannot be accepted. His appeal in the election will 
lx- to the “ national" or anti ■ American sentiment, 
which is undoubtedly strong in Canada. Bui Gold- 
win Smith is of opinion that were the election really 
free the continental sentiment of reciprocity would 
prevail. But under the Canadian Constitution there 
is great opportunity of corruption through subsidir*. 
grant*, nnd concession*, which have been made ser- 
viceable in the past, aud will he strumed to the ut 
most at the pending election. “Government candi- 
dates everywhere offer to the constituent* grunt* of 
public money for local work* with scandalous frank 
ness." A recent victory in a county of Ontario was 
rimmed its a popular verdict agninxt reciprocity. But 
the election was carried by buying the township* 
with rt grant for a local railway. Commercial de- 
pression due to the protect ionist policy swells the ex- 
ixlii* from Canada of the more active und enterpris- 
ing young men. nnd so strengthens the reactionary 

But protected interest* and corporate power will 
aid Sir John's election fund, and the Conservative 
party organization r ‘c machine is more complete and 
rdh-ient than that of the opposition, while 8ir John 
is the most skilful of managers. Even in Manitoba, 
where probably niuely per cent, of tlie people oppose 
the gorernmcnl policy. Ibe people are very poor, and 
it is not impossible that the larges* of the govern 
ment in vnriou* forms may secure a government ma- 
jority. For such reasons. GoLDWlN SMITH think* 
that while a positive majority of the Canadian peo- 
ple favor reciprocity, yet reciprocity may not win 
the election. The question is complicated also with 
the school question. In the French province the 
Liberal leader*, to hold their vole, supported the 
Jesuit endowment act for separate school*, a course 
which lui* alicnnl<-d l’roteslaiit support. There is. 
moreover, a government majority of more ttuiii fifty 
in a House of 215 members to overcome, but sevoral 
of the seat* were won by small majorities. Goldwin 
Hmith's opinion is that there will he at least a strong 
vote for continental trade and gixxl government, and 
in n recent *|>eech hr nay*, what is undoubtedly true, 
that the indifferent attitude of the United Slates tow- 
ard union with Cunnd* aid* the union sentiment in 
that country, because it i* felt that there is no kind 
of coercive pressure Inn aril annexation. Hut while 
reciprocity is evidently so popular a policy, uo intel- 
ligent American hut must sec that Canadian reci- 
procity would ally us with a people of our own dom- 
inant race and distinctive traditions. 

THK CURRENCY AND TUBLIC OPINION. 

The intelligence of an aroused public opinion in 
this country, as well ns it* good-natured careleumcx*, 
i* in course of demonstration in tlie silver agitation. 
For some reason - perhaps, a* we said lust week, tlie 
M-i-ining impovobility of such a monstrous tampering 
with the currency as the silver bill proposed — the pub- 
lic mind was apiuin-iilly indifferent. Meanwhile the 
Democratic hostility to Ilie force bill, and the closure 
bill also, wa* so strong that the Republican silver 
Scuulnr* found tlie conditions of some kind of under- 
standing with the opposition already existing, und 
tlie bill passed the Senate, but not until at the very 
lust moment, l<*> late to avert action, but in limn to 
arouse nnd instruct the country. Mr. SHERMAN in 
tlie Senate, ami Mr. Knox in the Chamber of Com- 
merce. |Miintnl nut the inevitable consequences of 
mich folly. The moment the hill was |M*si-d hv the 
Senate, however, the sound sentiment of the country 
mvoke. and a protest of intelligence and experience 
tx-gnii on nil sides, and could not lx? disregarded. 
Mr. Bland, the conspicuous silver advocate in tho 
House, withdrew from the Committee of the House, 



FEBRUARY SI, 18»1. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


131 


under tlie plea that the bill had bwn •‘anmlbored,” 
that ia to fay, made known to the public. 

The action of important IkkIich of bu»iuf-ss men in 
all parU of the country shows the strong conviction 
of the interest which is must sensitive to ignorant 
playing with tlie currency. Mr. Wiximim'k lucid and 
impra-reive warning that fell from his dying lips lias 
born also of great effect. The meetings in Boston 
and New York, largely under the auspices of inde- 
pendent and Democrutic voters, show that sound 
views upon the subject are not peculiar to members 
of one party only. The President pleasantly rallied 
the H>*ton delegation upon their slow awaking to 
tlie situation. But there seems now to be no doubt 
that there will be no trilling with the currency this 
year, uud that the question will hr postponed until 
the assembling of the utsvv Democratic Congress. 
Tlie advantage gained even by tlie delay of a few 
months is great. It permits a general discussion of 
the subject, and a campaign of cducaliuu. And it is 
evident that while the Democratic tendency as a 
party is to the demngetnrut of the currency, and 
consequently of industry in every department, there 
will lie vigorous party opposition also to such a 
course. 

Mr. Hkktkk. of Ohio, a Democratic member of the 
next House, has spoken very frankly and poiutedly 
upon the subject. Lie states tins salient consequence* 
of the pending silver proposition as they were staled 
by Secretary WIN DOM, and hy the public ineriingx in 
various cities. It would strike out of circulation 
tMUMMIOfi of gold moooy, Hum contmetiag the 
circulation and precipitating general and disastrous 
and unprecedented bankruptcy. The free coinage 
would lie undoubtedly a great advantage to the own- 
er* of silver mines, because they could pay debts of a 
hundred cento with seventy-five cents. Mr. IIkktkk 
points out also w hat is constantly forgotten, that the 
debtor class, who are supposed to be benefited by 
free coinage, consist* of the employer* who j»y 
wages to employes, who are the true creditor class, 
und whine deposits in savings-banks, building loan 
associations, li reinsurance, and other similar depusi- 
torir* would he scaled down from the gold to tlie sil- 
ver standard, that is, about twenty per cent. He said 
something else which every farmer may well ponder. 
It was that while he did not know in his district the 
owner of a single silver mine, he did know some 
160.000 men, women. and children who were interest- 
ed in 1 icing paid fur their labor and their commodities 
one hundred cents upon the dollar instead of eighty 
cents. Mr. Hkkter has been elected to Congress 
from the district in which Senator StfEltMAN lives, 
and although a Democrat lie and the Senator urc en- 
tirely in accord upon one of the most pressing and 
important of public questions. This is a fact which 
shows how party lines overlap. The Republican 
Senator Sherman differs fundamentally with the Re- 
publican Senator Stewart upon a question vital 
to the national welfare und prosperity, and agrees 
-wholly with the Democratic Representative IlER- 
TKK. 

SHERMAN. 

No figure in late years had become more familiar 
in New York than that of General Sherman. The 
simplicity, candor, and childlikcn-ss of liis nature, 
liis manly cordiality of manner, hi* ready sympathy 
and lively huuior. and the great career of heroic 
achievement which lay liehiud all, made him a most 
interesting and memorable personality. His name 
is indissolubly ussoeiulcd with that of General GlUNT 
in the history of the civil war. and there is no more 
romnntio and inspiring story in our notional annals 
tliuti that of the march to the sea. 

The General was always welcome, not only be- 
cause of his great renown and his illustrious services, 
but because of hi* personal charm. The paper* have 
been full of conversations which recall his happy 
speeches, the constant How of delightful anecdote, 
the pleasant dalliance of a great nature in repose. 
Edward Everett in his oration at the unveiling of 
the statue of D.vNIKL WebmTKR in Boston describes 
the Defender of the Constitution on tlie evening lie- 
fore tlie delivery- of hi* moat famous speech, tlie re- 
ply to Havre and on the next day at its delivery in 
the Senate. In the ovrning. say* Everett, but in 
hi* moat elaborate and consummately effective man- 
ner. lie was like one of the boats lie loved rocking 
and swinging on the gentle lap of the waves upon 
the shore. But the next day he was “a mighty 
Hinmiral " iu action on mid-ocean, with all his broad- 
sides thundering. Ins canvas strained, and his fiagx 
and pennants streaming. 

Siiermas, in his later day, as we have known him 
in Now York, was the boat easily swinging on the 
tide, t he lightnings of hallle shrutlu-d, and the frown- 
ing tier on tier of gun* invisible. It i* perhaps not 
too much to ioi)' that the feeling witli which in every 
company he was greeted wa* akin to love. It is 
good to think of him so, good that the last thought 
of »*- man wbom name i* honored and cherished by 
millions should he as kindly and gentle a* it is ad- 
miriug and grateful. So he would have had it, and 
would have asked no sweeter rosemary for rciueut- 
bnuics. 


INDIAN TRUTH AND ELOQUENCE, 

It is unpleasant if wc must own that the Indians who 
bare come to Washington to »ee tbe Grewl Father sod the 
Great Council have ike better of tbe argument. " Tlie trou- 
ble*. r '**i<l Ymixo Mah akkaidop m*-Hutt*Bs, “spring from 
wed. Tbe seed was sown long ago by the white man uot 
attending truthfully to hi* tinmen after a majority of our 
people had voted for them. Wlu-ii tbe white man speak*, 
the government and the army see that we obey. When the 
red mail speaks, it goes in at one ear and out of tlie other. 
Tbe Indian is for eternity interested iu the subject. the white 
iuuo only when he conn* into office for two or three >ears. 
I am not an old man, but 1 have seen maoy Great Fathers 
and bl« headmen 

*• Why was not tbe late treaty fixed promptly by the Great 
Council T Why were our rations cut down n million of 
pounds? Why have not our winter annuities come? Why 
whs the whole Sioux out ion called to account for dancing a 
religious dunce ' Why are the ngi-nto always being changed ? 
Why was Agent Gam \ohf.k discharged wlieu be wrote tiiat 
our crop* had failed, am! our rations mint not be cut down? 
Why was tbe army called in by Agent Royer? And If lie 
was right, why was be discharged? And why does not lira 
blame for what followed In-long to tlie white men? Let 
everything that I* «aid liere be written down, so that when 
we have to speak with other men it cannot be den Led what 
was wild here." 

This wa* the burden of all the speerhc*. It is the burden 
of lira evidence of the most competent while witnesses. It 
ia tlie general belief of intelligent lilixeus who are hi tunned 
upon the subject. The remedy seems to he ctenr am) simple 
enough. It i* what is called common honeMy If Hie Itid- 
inn* wi-re Irraled with good Mine and fidelity to our own 
word, there would be no Indian question. 


MR. CLEVELAND AND FREE SILVER 
COINAGE. 

Mr. CLEVELAND'S frank, strong, und admirable reiteration 
of his opinions upon the silver question is In strict arcord 
with the soundest and most Intelligent sentiment of the 
country. After staling hit Inability to attend lira meeting 
to which the tetter was addressed, be says: 

" I am glad lhat lira tusilnsM Interest* of New York are at hoi 
to lie heard ou ihh sabjcct. It surely cannot be necessary for roe 
to make a format espremioo id uij ngrerment with tlnara *h» 
MleVS that lira greatrst peril would lie ir vitrei by the adoption of 
the srhime embraced in tbe measure non pending in Coagrem 
foe (be niilltniled roinagv of sUror at smr mint*. 

•• If »* have ilevelufed an unexpected capacity for tbe aminiifa- 
lion of a largely increased rot mini of tills currency, and even If we 
hair dmnoei.iiuted the usefulness of such an increase, other coii- 
diiKKis fall far ibort of insuring us against illwAler if in the pee- 
lent •iiuaiiun we raw upon the dangerous, the reckless experi- 
ment of free, unKnuted, and independent silver coinage.’’ 

Tbe Republican josmuLs which hast! tn nil led him with 
cowardly unwillingness to make known his present views 
upon the subject, led they should Jeopard his possible noinl- 
tuition for the Presidency, might well have lira uiauUnt-eg to 
acknowledge iliat un public man could stato sound view* 
upon a preasioe public question morn unequivocally. Mr. 
Ci.itdaxd's political courage U often denied by those who 
do not like his political opinion*, ltut bow many Rcpttb- 
liriui statesmen who are prominently men tinned for the 
President iul uuuiluutiun would declare Ibeir convict ions 
upon tiny subject with tbe fc»tne explicit force against lira 
solid vote of the Senator* of their party? The contra*! be- 
tween the recent performance of lira Republican President 
of tlie Senate, in it desperate effort o secure * renomlnailun, 
and the letter of Mr. Ci.rvki.axd will perhaps suggest to 
some censor* thni a Democrat ia not necessarily • political 
coward or dissembler. 

Tlw- letter of Mr. Cleveland docs not weaken him a* a 
|M>ssible candidate. It commend* him still more strongly to 
lira respect of tbe best sentiment In all parties. It is another 
illustration of the quality In bt* political character wbicb 
wins public confidence. That is Ills peculiar distinction. 
No limit In public life command* more confidence ibun Mr. 
Cleveland. That i* bis strength ; ami tbe constantly closer 
I mid which he ho* upon lira country ia due mainly to confi- 
dence in his political honesty. 


THE PAN-AMERICAN RAILROAD. 

Thk graphic and entertaining papers upon South America 
by Mr, Throdonx Child in Hawke's Macaxixe have been 
admirably supplemented hy a paper recently read by Mr. 
Charles K Fitch, late editor or the Rochester ft-snenif, 
before a club in that diy. Mr. Child's series of articles, 
copiously tllii*t ruled. give* the latest and fullest view of a 
cnuttiry to which public attention tut* been recently turned 
witli very mm.-h greater Interest than ever before, and tlie 
proposition of the Pan American Congress of an inler-conU- 
iranUt railway between the two Americas Is the subject of 
Mr Fitch’* paper. 

It summarises In a clear und popular Uvle tbe chief fact* 
and figures of Utc sclrame New York 1* to Ira the Northern 
and Itueno* Ayres tbe Southern tertninu* of the Inlet «io- 
tinental mail, which will lie nearly ten thousand miles In 
length, eotineeling by tlw- tranmndine line with Valparaiso, 
and having other lateral brant-lie*. Tire road will run from 
New Yotk to St. Louis, and from St. Lout* lo Mexico, util- 
izing all available existing line*. Rather more than a third 
of lira contemplated distance would be already covered by 
rail. Mr. Firm dewriUw lira projected rood from point to 
|xikut up 1st tjuito. nine thousand fire hundred fret oltnve 
lira -tn. und Diene* to Peru. Dol an nir line, twit seeking with* 
out ton great diversiout to touch the chief cities ami impor- 
tant points. 

Tire cost of tlie rood from Mexico to Buenos Ayres Mr. 
Firm estimates at $250,UUU,0UO, without counting that of 


the privilege of exiting road* This it lo be raised hy indi- 
vidual capital, hy liberal public concession* of money mid 
laud, and by generous mail sulreidic* when the road Is built. 
Its object* are tu develop continental resource* and fuel! 
itotc exchange of products, and to cultivate international 
amity. Of the product* ami the ptiaiibililira of exchange 
with the South American alule*. Theodore Cnti.D tells tt*. 
In unfohling the detail* and opportunities of the sebenre. 
Mr Fitch restrain* himself, although Id* narrative os it 
proceeds take* naturally a glow and a Dow as of tropical 
ia mix-apes and rivers. It is an exceedingly lute resting sum- 
mitry of a scheme of wbicb lie my* "It U feasible, therefore 
it is assured. This is nineteenth century logic." 


PERSONAL. 

Mr. J. G. Brown, the well-known pniuter of street life, 
li.i* done much toward promoting tbe sneers* of the Anrar- 
ienii Watrr'tviovXoeiety during Ins term of PrenMh-ut. which 
other Ire now hold* fur tlie fourth year. He i* n regular 
rootrihutor to lira niiiiual exhibitions. This >rnr be m-iiiW 
two rail vanes- ~onc entitled, “Hiiitra, Five Cents,’’ auil a 
smaller juetute rhtitl.il "Tire Latest Song” - both in hi* 
usual happy and rbnmcterislic vein. 

— A useful mi. I sncrewful career was cut short hy tbo 
deal li of John Wkllhokn limit, the nrrhiteet, at Chicago, 
lira other day. He was burn at Lumpkin, Georgia. January 
|4l, IrtVt, uihI during the war was sent to England In fit for 
Oxford. Later, however, his father recalled him, and ho 
entered the New York I'nivonuty, w Im'IT lie was graduated 
with Hint honor* lit Hint hematics, engineering. uihI nrehi* 
terture. Mr. Rout planned nuuv of lira great * tract urea 
iu this country, und has! been made the urrhilerl of tbo 
Columbian Worid's Fair building*. He was a liberal pa- 
tron of art, and gladly aided struggling young srulptur* 
and painter* in Ibeir efforts to obtain an education. 

— Javik* Lank AI.LK.v, lire Kentucky novelist, live* at 
Lexington, where thu scenes of stone of bLs stories have 
Ireeu laid. He U a ProfeoMir of Latin iu Bethany College, 
and all earnest student of comparative philology. 

— Jam i:.* Luhjickw'ood, the Broadway grocer, wire died 
recently, was on* of the very lew men in lire United State* 
who ever refused u public place lierniiso there mis a unlary 
at t.irbrd to It. He was a warm friend of ex-Presidetit 
CLEVELAND, and dining tbe bitter’s administration was of- 
fered an office. Iiul declined it. us tire stataten required him 
to reenivc pay Air the duties |irrforiued. 

— Jane* HeiiI'atii, who died In this city last week from 
injuries received by being knocked dawn hy a home-car, 
was one of tbe brat-kuown newspaper men and writer* in 
thia country. He was a warm friend of John Brown, ami, 
os * newspuper correspondent, was with him during tire 
Kansas troubles, and afterword at Harper's Ferry. Mr. 
Rkdratii was at one time (lie head of a successful lecture 
hutenu, and during his life had Ireeu sw* dated with a 
nuuilrar of magaxiire* sod newspaper*. Although born ou 
tlie border Wtweeu Kngbiud nmi Seoiluud, tie whs an ar- 
dent home-ruler; and he was alio Vice-President of the 
Anti-Poverty Society In New York. 

— Probably the largest fee ever received hy a lawyer in 
Mil* country «»> that paid to John K. Paidhinw, of Near 
York, who i* said to have received $ton,rtd for service* ren- 
dered iu organixing tlie Nngar Trust. 

— Pro feasor Twmwoxx \V. Dwniitr, who has recently re- 
tired from tire trend of lire Columbia Law School, bad Iraen 
nilh the college since iBfie, and is (M-rhnps lire most noted 
teacher of Ian In this country- He is *ixty-iiln« years old, 
and a grandson of TIMOTHY DWIUIIT, a former l’resideut 
uf Vnir. 

— OlHi of the Irani -known und mini |Mipiilar gentlemen in 
the publication office* of the Urge New: York dailirw is Mr. 
Theodore L. Pkvriuu.i.t, advertising mnnngrr of the rime*. 
Ili« tbirtietli year of fuilhfill service lit flint eslahlishnraut 
rounded on the etb iust.,and the anniversary was fitly cel- 
ebrated. 

— The Dmhinba collegiate, scientific, uud theological 
iw-bnnl of Kioto, Japan, lias received a gift of from 

Hon. J. N Hahius, of New London, Connect true. 

—United States Senator GoitMAX. of Maryland, was 
when a boy a page in the Senate, anil, os lie grow tip, bo- 
euura its postmaster. Lalor he earned a wide reputation 
us > clever InurdMill player, and tlie fine physical health 
which bis active life gave him Is still preserved. 

—One of I*hilndelpliis's well-known teacher*. MaRMA- 
iii id: Watson, lias just retired, after a service of tifty-fuitr 
year* in his profi'minii. 

-Although Chicago has won TltRODOIlE THOMa* away 
from New York, be cannot take his lies! uinsieians witlt 
Uiiu. trending eitixeu* of New York have gnnrattlml u 
fund of over fSiJ.UW a year toward the support of a perma- 
nent orchestra w hich Wai.TKH Damiium it will lead. 

—When Rev. 1'im.t.irs Bruoks, of Boston, no* recently 
ill Washington he wn* given the privilege* of tbe Hour of 
the Senate, an honor rarely accorded even to di*iingiii»linl 
visitors, 

-Among the late GrulutE BaNcKhIi'h pupils at (be 
Round Hill School, in Northampton, Mawarhusetts, where 
lie taught while quite a young man, were John Dimitor 
Motley, Kuxiiy Chaxnixo, Hkxky W. Bklujw*, Thru, 
dork Sepowicv, and several "tints whore name* were af- 
terward famous. 

— The lair f.'HARt.ycv ItMADLArtill played n strong gxnra 
of chera. amt ranked among the best players of Kngland. 
He wus also skilful ill cliecker* and other similar game*. 

— Among the MtrreMfiil navigator* of ocean steam -ship* 
in t.’iiptaiu ClIRISTuKTKRM, of the German steamer Altf. 
Wlim he recently nainpletcd his onc-liiiiidrrdtb trip frotu 
Bremen to New York and buck the Ftu|w-rni dr-cornU-d Idm, 
and the *tcuiii-*liip t-onqiaiiy gave him n diploma and 5000 

— Juki. ClIANDI EE IIaRIIIS the clever witter of Southern 
dialect sketches, lint developed hi* peculiar lalmt w hile a 
printer on a country iraw-*pn|>ei- iu Georgia. Admirer* of 
hi* wiiflog* have rent, lutu many gifts, among ulm h i* u 
valuable dinm-r sH, appropriately demrateil with sn-uc* 
and quotations from the •- ilrer Hnbl.il” ami "Hjer Fox" 
kiwi. Mi. Harms I* forty-three yean. obi. 


132 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., MO. I7S3 



1. A Man power Plough. 2 ColliM of Northern Hctilcr. 3. The Colored Clmrii-lrr* 4. IUM.it Hunting. S. Building » Tor Kilo. 8. A Coon Hunt. 

“. Turkey Hunters iu a Bliod. 8. tiiMlicriug Turpcniluc. 9. A Turpeulioe Distillery. 


FEBRUARY 21, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


133 




new UMler the two diMingui-hed laymen 
who successively assumed the executive 
offiee. lion, Abraham Bruyn llmibrouck, 
1*1. !>,. presided over tb« nlFnir« of the In- 
stitution from 1H4I> to 18.50. and was partic- 
ularly eminent in constitutional low Preal- 
dent llasbroitck's most noteworthy monu- 
ment consists -in the stntclv tier* which 
adorn the college rumpus. Hon. Thtixlore 
Frelingliuywii. 1.1. I* . succeeded him In the 
President * eltair. and held that position for 
twelve year*. President Frellnglmysen was 
one of New Jersey a favorite *on*. and lion 
ora were plentifully strewn in bis path. He 


master's degree in 1*7fl. From then until 
1KT3 he film! fed bistory nl tlie universities of 
Berlin am! I.ii|wir, ami by the hitter wa* 
made Ph l>. in 1873. At tue same time lie 
was assisting the late George Buucrnfl -then 
Minister of the United Stair* to Germany — 
in the preparation of the tenth volume of bis 
Ilutory of Ihr I'nitai »<!/«•*. 

From 1873 to 1875 be was Instructor in the 
German langunge at the University of Mich- 
igan. From 1875 to ItWl he wa* engaged in 
collecting and arranging materials for Ban- 
croft's History uf tht Constitution. During 
the mime period he was mandate In history 


r |'HE inauguration of Austin Scott. Ph D.. 

1 as tlie eighth regular President of Rut 
gers College, on the 4th of February, has 
fori need aUenlUm more closely upon that an 
cient institution of lrnrning. rounded by the 
•lesecoduula of Dutchmen when George the 
Third was King. 

Hollanders liare ever tieen d'tslingu hired 
for a veneration of revealed religion ami lire 
love of education. When the Dutch settled 
in New Jerwv they still retained tlie Inher- 
ent respect for learning and the recollection 
of the famous universities of Utrecht and 
Leyden. The Reformed Church was tlie 
leading denomination in parts of New Jersey 
■ltd New York, and the need of a lietu-r edu- 
cation for their voting men preparing for the 
ministry was evident. The expense of wild- 
ing student* to Holland to be instructed in 
tlie doctrines of the mother church was great, 
and tlw establishment of h college in America 


oveT the Pmvinre of New .Inner, " nnd the 
college now culled ltul cent citmc Into legal 
existence. nllhotigli it did not go into uctiial 
ojieration until 1771. 

The vicissitudes of tlwi country during tli« 
Revolutionary struggle were cxtierienced by 
tlie college, ami scholastic work was inter- 
rupted on several occasions. The college was 
seriously crippled at the close of tlie war. 
ami did not fully recover its former position 
for many year* The Plate Itself, having 
limn tlie srrne of ninny ini|iortant battles, 
ami ravaged by both armies in turn, was 
stripped of its materia! prosperity, ami the 
early yearn of the nni Ion's existence werr oc- 
cupied by the inhabitants of New Jersey in 
providing for Immediate wants and creature 
comfort*. 

Tire first President was Jacob Rutoen Hnr- 
drnhergh. D-D., who. a* the leader of the 
movement resulting In the grant of u charter, 



GEOLOGICAL HAM. 



Iwcnmc an economic a* well as patriotic nxw- 
■u rc. 

It is true that Harvard had celebrated her 
first centennial si xuvu years before, and Yale 
Itnd completed n half century nml fifteen 
years over of collegiate existence: hut they 
were too distant even if they had held the 
same religion* Mief, The latter olwuclo 
prevailed ugninst the other colleces of that 
dny. Kings (miw Columbia! College was 
Rpisco|>alian: the College of New Jertrer. 
Presbytrrkan: Brown. Ra|«tist; and the South- 
ern col lego* inncrt-mildc. 

Thu* it wa* ilmt on November 10. 1700. 
*' his Majesty's Letters Patent ansi Charier or 
Royal Grant for Queen's College wa* secured 
from hi* Exrelh-ney William Franklin, Es«|.. 
Governor ami Cutiimandrr in Chief In and 


may be regarded as the foamier ITi* term 
of office extended to 1791. The college w*s 
revived through the Instrumentality of Rev. 
Dr. Fm Condict, wlto secured the erection of 
Queen s Collepe— the noble bruwn*lnoo c*li- 
flen now Handling in the centre of the campus 
—and laid the cornerstone in 1810 while act- 
ing as President pn> trw port 

In IWJ5 Colonel Henry Rutgers, a patriot 
of the Revolution, gave f.VOOO to the college 
— u munillcenl sum in the eye* of the thrifty 
Dutch •'dominies.'' who testified tlteir appre- 
ciation by changiug the old royalist name to 
Rutgers. 

Cj> to this time the college hod licen chief- 
ly an adjunct to the Theological Seminary 
of Ihr Reformed Cliureh bill now it was des- 
tined to enlarge greatly Its sphere of ua-ful- 



fand been Attorney -General of the State. 
United State* Senator. Whig cniulidiUe for 
the Vice- Presidency in the Clay campaign, 
nml at the time of hi* election was Chan- 
cellor of New York University, but resign 
dl that office when called to Rutgers. Under 
his managenvem the college received many 
thousand ■> of dollar* to endow scholarships. 

Tlie late Dr. William II. Campbell follow- 
ed Frellngliuywn, and continued ns Presi- 
dent until 1W2. During Ibu first years of 
Ids administration the institution fell the ef- 
fects of the civil war. but sixm recovered 
under his energetic leadership. His Incum- 
bency is remit tkii Ido for tbo reparation of 
tlie cnllrge from the rontrvil of tlie Reform- 
ed Church in America, in 1864. the erection 


at Johns Hopkins Univcrsitr, organizing 
there the Seminary of American History, 
Conducting it from the founding of lire uni- 
versity In 1876 until 1882. His lust work 
there was delivering public lecture* on III* 
Development of the American Constitution. 
Ill 1K-CI he wa* elrrtrd Piofeasor of History 
ami Political Science in Itulgen Col lege, 
lie bn* in preparation a History of ,Vrtr Jrr. 
sry. in tlie ‘eric* of A ntcriean Common wealths, 
announced for early puhliention lie was 
elected President of Rutgers College Novem- 
ber 25, 1890. into which office be was on Feb- 
ruary 4lli Inducted. 

A striking feature of Dr, Scott's inaugu- 
ral nihlre** outlining the future policy of 
tlie college contemplated the “ extension " 



8CIIASCK ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY. 


of several fine building*— Gcnli»gion1 Hall, 
Kirkpatrick Chapel. and the Selianek Astro- 
nomical Observatory— nnd the ib-.iea.xl inn 
of Hut Rutgers Scientific School a* t Iw Stale 
college under the United State* luw of 1862 
for the benefit of agriculture and tlie mc- 
chnnir arts. 

Dr. CnmplM'll having resigned In 1882 by 
rr a«nn of udrnncing year*. Dr. Gates, then 
Principal of Albany ’Aradcmv. was made 
the President, and belli the office until call- 
ed to the Presidency of Amherst College last 
summer 

President Austin Scott, Ph D I* u nutive. 
of Ohio, nnd Is now forty two year* of aire- 
lle entered Yale with the class of '69. After 

P 'admit Ion In- spent a year in *rudy at the 
niversity of Michigan, which gave him his 


throughout the State of instruction, l»v means 
of lectures. classes. ami examination*, in thomt 
branches of knowledge related to agriculture 
and the mechanic art*, "lid* instruction to 
lie fr**o. or pcoclimlly an to farmers, to aril 
anna, to all— In adult* of I will* *exe». ns well 
an to their sons ami daughter*." 

The enlhu*ia*m that prevailed at the in 
auguratlon of Dr Scott wa* iiuuki-d. and 
tlier presence of so eminent educators ns 
Preddotiix Gilman, of Joint* llonkm-: Liw. 
of Columbia; Mardmll, of [jifnvrllc . ami 
Appleton, of Swartlilfrore: Vice Cbiincelbir 
Tlenrv M. McCracken and I*rofe«*«v George 
W. C.mkley - Rut gem. IK. of New York 
University. Dean Murrav. l*rofc*Mim Rock 
wood anil Slmne. of ’Princeton ; Horace 
Jayne. M.D.. Dean of the University of 


134 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV , NO. 17.«g 


Pennsylvania. Profroror* Albert 8 Cook 
(Rutgers, 1H) of Vale, il. B, Adam* of 
John* Hopkins. David 1*. Todd, of AmlicrM. 
and Henry Ferguson of Trinity. addi-U dig 
nlty to tin’ wetre. Tire atlcnds'nrv In a ImmIv 
of 'till* Stale Legislature. together with the 
add rev mid delivery of I lie key » by Governor 
Leon Ablwtt. ft ejBri'.. President of the Board 
•>f Tru»t«*. tendered tire oecaskio even more 
impressive. Both “town and gown " Iravo 
reason li> n-nremlier for idmiy years the dis- 
tinguished gullrering of February 4. lr*90. 

The proft-n-ors ul Rutgers are twenty' six ill 
number, mid form a strong In* nlty Tim col- 
lege now number* two hundred student* on 
Imr roll*, and has excellent muon for expect- 
ing many more next full, and a larger entering 
dit's titan ever. Beside* tlie mliiil rutile ibc*»- 
irwl department, in wbnwit U-half a large nml 
illustrious eon pony of graduates may tie call' 
cd upon to testify, there U the srirnlillo n«- 
lion, anil although of comparatively rvcenl 
origin. thU branch of the college curriculum 
can (.Her six distinct courses of study : in 
agriculture, civil eugHK'ertogand mecUnuH-s. 
clremUtrv, electricity, biology, und a winter 
course of lecture* comprising marly a hun- 
dred discus* ions of subjects of practical, ev- 
ery day iti , i}Kiri!Uice to the farmer. These 
last arc to lie free, In addition, aim has 
courses of l*o«t- graduate study leading to 
the higher degrees of Ph. I>. and Sc. I) The 
degrees of A.M. and MS. are no longer given 
••ft course." but only for work done. 

The courses of scientific study will lm 
greatly enlarged «nd Improved during the 
coming year, and on the chiMicnl stile it is 
profaned to give « wider range of elective 
studies to student* who have finished the 
Soph iiinore \ ear Prior to that all the studies 
are prescribed. 

With the additional scholarship* given by 
the Stale to scientific student* — free, subject 
only to imasing a required examination — ami 
tl»e prospect of toofi enjoying facilities for 
athletic* «|IhI to llimt of nny American 
college. Rutgers will surely press forward in 
the race under Iter new" executive. Iler 
trustees, alumni, faculty, und students stand 
ready to follow President Scott to that stage 
of advancement outlined in his inaugural ud 
lire'*, and then the motto of tlic college. 

' ' Sd luslilia.- cl ocridrntem illustra" (l> 
thou Sun of Rigiiteouime**, shite- out on 
tin* our Western land!), will the more rsjie- 
ciutlr apply to "the college that Mauds on 
the hill '' in the staid old Dutch town in New 
Jersey. Raid Milleh. 



HKAL or TMK IHH.UUML 


THE WEEK OF SPORT IN 
NORTH CAROLINA. 

Snt "ritKKx 1’iNXa is one of sett ml villages 
In the centre of North Carolina. Eight years 
ago. except for the lag cabin of the ' ' turpen- 
tine fanner." It was a desert of tandy soil and 
cloudy standing pine* that gave out health 
ami healing whenever the wind moved their 
brunches Some one ndvcnlUToit* invalid 
discovered lilt* and came down from the 
North, and wireti he found himself better, 
wrote to other sufferers from the east winds 
••f New England, and brought so ninny of 
them to tite piue* that there was soon a little 
colony To time came their more healthy 
and more speculative brother*, who found 
the mmI excellent for gmpe and other fruit, 
and notably peaches. The New -Englanders 
and Northerners assimilated easily w ith the 
native farmers, ami Joined with them last 
week in their auuual carnival of spurt, which 
extended this year from tire 4th to tire 10th 
of February. This is know It us the “ Week of 
rip>>rt." and lit that week foxes, rabbit*, quail, 
mill possum* are hunted, and their live* made 
miserable. or e in led abruptly. The NorUt- 
ern sportsmen, with their English gaiter* and 
breech louder*, stood shoulder to shoulder 
with the Southern sportsman, who wore in 
many instances the water proof clonk of the 
war-time, ami who yarned the old ntuudo- 
loading ride and shot-gun. 

Tire same dog* were employ**! in all the 
hunt* except those for quail ' A promised 
possum barliecue was not alt out. door affair 
Th>’ 'possums were duly •• bartioctirri" over 
a txeneb filled with coals, Green satiliugs 
laid arrow* formed tin- gridiron, but trie sa- 
vory " varmint " was serve*! in a Imtel dining- 

Tire colored brotlrer ami sister were util- 
ised effectively every evening in tirelr favor- 
ite role of hymn singer* for the entertain- 
ment of the visitors at the hotels. 

The UtuMnuian show * an old colored man 
constructing n tar kiln." lie lie long* to a 
dying craft, and tire kiln which be i* build- 
ing arid wilt burn is more la exhibit tire pro- 
cess to visitors than anything else. It seem* 
that tbi* old Maple production of our grog- 
raphie* is used nowadays iiiOtj f<>» a linv-c 
liMdiriire tliaii anythiug else The hand 
ploucli lieing pushed by the nun in lire fore- 
ground of the sketch of “A Man -Power 
Plough - will give nn Wen of the perfect 
fertility of the soil of the band bills. 


THE RAPID TRANSIT PROBLEM 
IN NEW YORK CITY. 

BY U R CHITTENDEN 

Rapid transit j* lire must gigantic nrccs- 
*lty which has ever dwarfed the growth of 
New York city. It was so incniHtdemliiu 
when it first appeared that it was tntisfted 
for a short time by Mage and omnihu* line*; 
next it demanded and was content with street 
railroad*, these in a few y<wre were reinforced 
by such a service os could bit rendered by 
lire present elevated railroads. But tire puli 
lie necessity bss always been in advance of 
the means of it* supply. It has grown mom 
tamliuhlit with every succeeding year, until 
now , within tin* first month of I Ire legislative 
session, it has brushed aside all opposition, 
1111*1 by tiie unanimous vote* of all the mem- 
bers of tire Senate and tire Assembly, it bos 
pii--ad the Stewart tall, which in believed to 
remove all legal olmucb*. and to invest a 
commission of gentlemen |*i*scviing the pub- 
lic confidence with the power to give to this 
biiig-suffering eilv an adefttate system of rap- 
id transit, If Midi a system is iKiselhte in the 
present state of the science of railroad con- 
struct ion 

Tire Legislature hn* given to the com mis- 
Monel* greater puwers Ibnu were ever before 
conferred upon a similar hoard, because tire 
treeessily was greater Hum ever previously 
existed. If tire public sentiment of New 
York appreciates tire furl that lire system 
required must correspond to the trecemity. 
must be of larger cn parity und greater cost 
than any wbleh has preceded it. abd the 
commissioner* respond to tire public demand, 
we may truly say that h long step in advnnce 
huN iHi-n taken, which bring* us within sight 
of rapid transit. 

Tire present, then. U a favorable llnre for 
tire consideration of tire condition* which 
will probably control the future of rapid 
transit in New York city 

Surface railroads are conceded to be im- 
practicable, an* I arc proper hr prohibited by 
lire Stewart bill. The rapid ItuusH railroad 
of the future innst. then. l«e an okvnted or 
underground railroad of sonic description, 
or a combination of th« two system*. 

Tliere must lie two linn* or mutex Com- 
itrern kng near the Battery, one must take the 
west side, keeping n« near a* practicable to 
Broadway, but west of Central Park, and Ire 
*o located ns liesl to accommodate the great 
area in lire northwest part of the Uiand. It 
will then cr<**>* Spuytcn Duyvd Crock at nn 
devotion which will not impede its naviga- 
tion. and pass through tin- annexed district 
into Wi-slcbeMcrf.'uuuly The other, on the 
east side, must connect with the Now York 
Crntrnl at Forty second Street, and, keeping 
east of tire Park, will reach and cross tire 
Harlem River with similar power* of exten- 
sion. Eudi of three mads must have at least 
four tracks rapnlde of carrying tire heaviest 
trains ul lire highest rale of speed uttained 
on the best surface roads. Two such lines 
will be inode* plate for Ibe business within 
the next twenty years 

In a structure ’.if m, li magnitude, tire ile 
maud for which I* Immediate, it Is not sup 
posed that experiments will Ire admitted It 
i* not o*ily possible but very probable ikul 
electricity may conic to be a safe and reliable 
railway motor, but for the present il is prob- 
able itmt a great system will uw only steam. 
A* between iui underground anil an elevated 
system, Hlnoe iio underground railroad has 
ever liecu constructed except where surface 
or elevated roads are Inadmissible. It «rms 
mipn>l*ible that any un*b-rg round passenger 
railway will meet with favor here until it is 
eonditMvdy settled that nny adequate ele- 
vated system is lieyoud our reach. 

An elevated system may, like the existing 
elevated rooiU, Ire within and upon the streets 
or a venae*, or constructed bctwceatlw blocks 
over a purriinwil right of way, as, except in 
the city of New York, alt steam railroads 
liavc Ireen from the time of tlre.ir origin, It 
Is demonstrable that rapid transit over an 
elevated railroad in n street i* a simple im- 
posdblllty. Tire proof is before u*. Tire 
elevate*! roa*ls have been <-xc*‘ptionnl!y well 
managed But they cannot curry heavier 
train* than ihrmc now ran at much greater 
sjiecd Ulan is now attained. The dillirul- 
tv is radical. If the curvature could bu re- 
(lured hi u* to admit of n speed of forty mile* 
an hour, the sup[H>rting Mfocture for four 
track* of the requisite rnpacity cannot Ire 
built in a street without destroying its pul> 
lie uw Four atich track* would involve nn 
injury to the abiittins lots which cannot tic 
m**v*ured in advance Until tlm existing 
waul* have settled nn<l |Mtid lire last of the 
claim* for dumnge* to land*. (Vio tlrey will 
not Ire able to my that nn elevated railroad 
In tire street is not more expend v« than u 
tim <1 of equal capacity over a purrhasrd right 
of way. 

New York city requires tire unobMrxirtcd 
11»C of all lrer Vlrvets and avenues. Thu ob- 
jections to their furtlrer appropriation by 
cleviilexl rallriaid* are so strong, that for the 
uiodilbd form of transit which may be hod 
in them it serif in improbable that the com- 
mire Ion or lire public will content to llicir 
farther u*e 

The time lure entire when the city of New 
York *luiuld llmv-mghly considrr wbelber it 
I* wIm- in ti!»ti|xirlrc *ity longer with inude- 
11111110 *y»lcm* whirl) the city ha* outgrown. 
Is it not wiw. irefore mure tiling !o any furtiter 
tnirrijndcr of Ike miwi* to railroad u*c*. to de- 
vise a system which will prove adequate over 
a purchased right of way, and then ascertain 


wlrellicr it cannot he ronslnirtcd? If there 
ate tbwH) who honestly hdleve sudi a system 
is practicable, it i« difficult lo see why they 
should not have the opportunity to give to lire 
city the Irest railroad that money will build. 

A rallmud over private property require* 
a piece of bmd varying in width between fifty 
and sixty feet as long as the route When 
paid for. thi* land i* lire property of lire cor- 
poration. and may Ire used for ulf lawful pur- 
poor* in ailditiou lo ini In red uses. The cost 
of such a right of way from I'.trk I 1 luce up 
the west aide to the cmredng of Smitten 
Hnyvel Creek Inis la-en ascertained liy the 
valuation of every lot taken amt every lot lo 
jured by competent experts. With the ground 
ropilred for stations this euet will fall below 
tlurty-fivc million dollar* Tire exact amount 
U not Irere very material. When once ac- 
quired, the coat of building aud maintaining 
a railroad upon it will (*■ no more than that 
of building a similar rallr.su I in the streets at 
the public expense for lire right of way. 

I’pon such a right »f way may Ire const rott- 
ed a tunnel to carry a di.itblr truck railroad 
to Ire used fur pu*x-nger* during tire con 
siructiiwt of the viaduct, mid afterwanl a* a 
freight road Occupying on? half of tire 
tunnel may >* built a subway capacious 
enough to buhl all tire go*, steam, ami water 
pipe*, pneumatic tube*, electrical and other 
conductors, requircil for tire next fifty year*. 
Every 1 1 nml fout »f every conductor will l« 
accessible at all time* without any disturb- 
ance of a street surface. 

Above ground connected arctic* of maann- 
ry will curry tire four track* of a viaduct 
railroad — two exterior track* for local pus 
sengers on tire level of the fifth story of ordi- 
nary building*, two oilier* for CXpfxmi train* 
on a level twelve feet higher, so us lo vrps- 
rale the two classes of passengers, who will 
Ire carried from the Mrrcl* to the different 
levels by steam elevators. Throe arrliro will 
Ire so iocorpomtad into the noil* of I wildings 
that every square bait of tire land from the 
hwonteiit" to the fifth rtory inclusive may Ire 
rented for the same purpose* ns tire ndjareii*. 
property. There will lie short e|x*ce* where 
tire topography may rtqaire short section* of 
lire r.v»il lo Ire at a lower level. or even tindrr- 
gT. mnd. but lire whole rosui below llt'.ih Street 
will be of the gvneral character descrihrd- 
Tl.e oullino of tlx- plan would then !*• « via- 
duct railway of four track* of Ibe highest 
capacity, u lib the entire real estate san d mid 
realized for rental, crossing tire street* with- 
out interference with their use. an undrr- 
p-ound freight milroud und a suhwny eotit- 
mbwL 

Now m i n p aae it to he denion*tralile that the 
BUbway, the freight rood, und tire rental of 
tin- building* after making nil proper deduc- 
tions. will earn a tael income exceeding six 
per cent, on Uic entire cost of tire right of 
way, of tire building*, arches, and structure 
up to the bed upon which lire four |tu*sen- 
ger trucks are curried, without including llic 
fare of a single pnaretiger. would there lie 
any doulrl that aucli an enterprise would piny. 

• >r that tire capital could Ire bud for its con 
•traction? Turn couM In- no reasonable 
doubt that tire Iticutue from passengers would 
provide a very large revenue on tlw. remain 
Stig cost of construction und equipment, which 
)u« already Irecfl ascertained witliiu a powtible 
error of not exceeding five per cent. That 
such a strut-lure would Ire un ideal rapid 
transit railroad must lie the nuauimov* con- 
clusion of all disinterested irero n» 

It is lo lie cx|m tid.and they stamld not lie 
criticised for il Mtirer. llmt tire owners of the 
elevated mllroadr will prevent n>- long us tiicy 
ran uti v system of rapid transit in thi* city 
exoppa such as they can t>rovlde. Tlrey 
will contend that their rapid transit I* g...»l 
enough. titat the project of a viaduct railroad 
is chimerical, that it* cnsl put* it out of the 
aurotlon. and that the capital cannot Ire bud 
tor it* ronMnirrion In saying ihix they 
will merely exercise the right of any owner 
dcfcodin*.’ a* lie thinks. Iris own property. 
Nor is it to Ire dmii-d that their op|«oitiiWi 
will he very powerful, and for some time 
powibly controiling, at nil event* so far as 
Amerlran ca|iitni is cuncertwd. 

But no comliination of private interests 
can permanently rerirt the demands of a 
great and growing public owemity. New 
York imperatively needs. i» ciriitled lo and 
she will ulliiniil. lv have tiie best rapid tran- 
sit that money and c»terpri«c can furnish. 
A viaduct railroad of the greatest cowing 
enjmeity and speed >* the driiiAml of the hour 
by the praciirally nnanimou* opinions >.f all 
citiziens except those interested in existing 
line* Wbeibur such a railroad w ill My will 
Ire derided hr farts and figure*, and not by 
role of thumb or by guem. Tin--*.- fact* und 
figure* must hn mllrotrd and rulUted by 
competevit expert*, and tta-y may involve <b 
tail* only to lie secured ft rim working plans 
or Ibe whole completed structure. 

The cost »f the entire Mnicture ami com- 
|deled builiiirupi enn Ire known in advunec 
with aocunuy . The c.»t »f tin* right of way 
can Ire uscerlainal within n pnosible variation 
of ten per cent. L’util the cm! is axe (lain trd. 
no one enn say whether :lic system will pay. 
It will have sources of income unktiow n a 
few year* ago. Tire hundred electrical c»u- 
diietuni of to day would lie a thousand with 
the safe cmvenu-nl subway retvlrc which 
tilt* st *leni would furnish The enterprise 
would have powerful attraction* for capital. 
Tire- security for sixry-live per rent, of il* 
cent i.tire right of way) would Is- improved 
productive real raialc ibrnugh tire heart of 
the city at lU present value, urlaiu lo apjuc- 


cialc yearly as long as tire growth and pro* 
purity of the city continue. Tire enterprise 
L U'oitevl within and for the aovinimotiitiHut 
of the most prosperous city of the continent, 
tire emporluiu of tire Western Itetntipbere. 
wlrere luw him! order prevail, and invest 
moots are protected by u written C.ruxiitution 
against drstrnctivc legislation. 8«icli seen 
rity should produce the itecrotary «-apStai at 
a very low rate of interest. 

If after that exhaustive investigation which 
a subject of such importance deserve*, u 
•lull Ik. made rexv.iuaiily certain that the *r 
curltic* of lire Ideal a.lcquale rapid trnr.Ml 
system, hom-Mly ronstrucKd ami managed, 
will pay a u. i inmml interest of five per « nl 
Wall tv reel <bre» not want it* aecurilles ; the 
country dues. If such on investigation show » 
that llw. system will not pay. lire time will 
have c- me. for an exlendr-u of tite present 
eletnltd htllroadH, or the adoption of some 
other inferior arid temporary system. 

The demand for rapid tiau.dl bus long been 
pressing It will now be ipcmml by u ie 
puw., if ill infinences of lire elevated railroads. 
and they offer to extend ilrelr Unro. It is a 
good time fur the Rapid Transit Commission 
to " go Mow. " Thi coramlaaloMn may w ork 
ami require all interested parties to work aa 
continuouriy and av rat.ldly ox jsjwible But 
if they would retain the public coil fidettce, 
tlrey will, like good Judges, refrain from any 
ctaKlusion* until tire whole cn*i> t- Irefore 
them and ripe foe final judgment. Better, a 
tiiouraiMt time* better, for the city Hint the 
cummbi.riotierx should spend six niontlis in 
investigation, amt then give us lire Is -I sys- 
tem. with two or three year* for it* construc- 
tion. than to adopt any Inferior system, and 
pat it in operation in ninety itnvs One 
course bolies the |wu!ibin of rapid transit, 
tire other ];«isi|..tic* it* solution to encounter 
greater obstructions, which may finally be- 
came iDaiiprmhlo. 


GENERAL SHERMAN. 

BY OENBRAL HORACE PORTER. 

Nearly every grewt war ho* given birth 
to one distinguLdied General; no oilier war 
than our ow n Im* produced three such cmi 
■nil commander* a* Grant. Nberinuu. and 
Sheridan. The second lit jear* wax taken 
from it* first, the youngest followed next; 
the senior in years has been suiiuiiun.il last. 

Tite Isadgc* of mourning which Imd been 
lui.t aside after lilt- fuucrui riles of hi* il- 
lustrious brot Irens la arms hove been again 
brought forth us emblem* of our sorrow in 
our prroent bias, ami tho nation find* itself 
one.- more standing within the slioduw of a 
prof-uud grief. 

While General Slo-rinan wo* a man of 
many aceoinidi-biiient* and Hingul.tr versn- 
lility of talent, hi* fame will rest upon hi* 
superb quulilic* as u soldier, and tire world 
will always behold him standing In the front 
rank of the earth * great captain* 

With ii jiii tire OMentkal charucteristic* of 
tiie soldier seemed iiilM.ni- In tire field Ire 
wiim as Milsirdltmie when serving as a Lieu- 
tenant a* he was exacting when exercising 
the powers of a comumnder. In all Iris r*m - 
patens be wn* liold in his eonroptiotu. Axed 
in hi* pur|xise, aud untiring in his effort*, 
lie wm singularly *clf- reliant, always demon 
*1 rating by bis arts that " much danger make* 
great licarts most resolute. " In whatever 
command be was |dared Ire proved himoclf 
prompt in dedsiou. iii>*hrinklug under grave 
rcspon*ibilitiea. ami fertile in resource*. He 
was gifted with tin almost intuitive know- 
Icdgeof topngrnplty. and powtroedof a phys- 
ical cnnslllution which enabled him In cn. 
dare every hardship incidental to nu active 
campaign. He trevci failed to inspire in hi* 
tns.p*. Implicit confidence iu his method*, 
and undrr the nmgiictism of hi* prcscrtce his 
soldiers followed him ti. victory with all the 
dn»h of f.'tPMar's T.-ntli Legion. 

His grand strategy, particularly that dig- 
played in hi* inarch to Atlanta. biu> com- 
manded marked altentiuu on the part of stu- 
dent- of campaign* t«itb In till* country und 
in Europe, and will rank with thr greatest 
achievements of tire uiaslcfg of luililury uri 
cure. 

The features of the typical soldier were 
altunpr*! in every litre of (it* countenance. 
With his sharp, |icnclraling eyes and hi* 
aquilitre nore there w.v* something in his 
IrHik whit h rraettiblcd tiie piercing glance of 
tire eagle. 

Tire popular mind will not only admire Ilia 
judgment, hi* tenacity, anti his lioncv.v of 
purpose, hut will always «re in lit* career 
•- .in.- tiring whit It savor* of romance, appeal* 
n* the imagl nation, and excites the fancy. 
It will picture him as nditig ni lire bra-l iif 
Iris newly organized lirigwle, Mtrnggling he- 
roically against the disn*(cr* which over- 
whelmed the I'uion arms ul Bull Kun ; 
again, pntlcl at Shiloh Church, holding the 
right wing with hull-dog courage , nnd drqiite 
hi* Wound, burling Imck the foe In every 
.leqteral.- onshtnghl made upon llmt pivotal 
point «f the line. At one time penvirating tl.o 
nhnrnt impu* ethic itayou* of the Mississippi, 
with their tortuous stream* and forest-Unglcii 
hank*; ul another time sweeplug acrow lire 
cnuutrv with his Hying columns from thr Mis- 
sisaipplioChnltaiHKiga.ud hurlinghis h-glona 
ngiiinsl the enemy'* right at Mission litilgp. 
It will il. (Met lilui ns a .Aptain of the heroic 
ngc*. moving at tire bend of conquering co|. 
umns. w|i..-r n.ai. h.-s were numiier.-.l ni>t 
by single mile* blit by thousands, a* oiu* 
who at the end of lus fiuvannah campaign 



FEBRUARY 81, 1801. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


13 ") 


could telegraph n President. tendering him 
u a ( 'hridmas gift a scahuatcl city ; as u turn 
mender whose field of military operation* 
covered nearly half n continent, wlmae order* 
always spoke'* lilt thu trvie blunter** of the 
soldier. alio fought from valleys' ili-prlm to 
mmintaiu height*. uutl marched front I it I* ml 
river* to the «*. 

I tin* new General Sherman a few weeka 
after he had entered Atlanta, when tire lau- 
rels of (is capture were fresh u]»u hi» brow. 
After he ami General Grant had correspond- 
ed for more than a month as to the project 
of Sherman’* rutting tooaG from his ban* and 
striking for some point on Uieonast, General 
Grant, after discussing with me hi* plan* iu 
great detail, designat'd mo as tin- staff of- 
ficer wlw» was to visit General Sherman, 
nimmunk'iite to hint the contemplated move- 
nvent* of the armies in front of Hidiiuond. 
the intentled operations upon the sru-cnart, 
including the probability- of an expedition 
for the capture of Wilmington, etc., and as- 
certain his views ns to hU movements beyond 
Atlantaiindcr the various contingencies vv Itldl 
might arise. .Starting from City Point, I 
reached Atlanta on the morniug of Septem- 
ber 18. 1804. and found tlm raptor of that 
Stronghold sealed on the porch of a house 
which he was occupying a* head quartern on 
Peach tree Street. 

My mind was naturally wrought up to a 
high pilch of curiosity to see this famous 
soldier of the West, lie sal tilled back in a 
large chair reading a newspaper, his rnal was 
tinluiUoii'd. his hat alnnclied over ills brow, 
and on his feet were a pair of slipper* very 
much down at the heel He was llie perfre- 
tion of physical health, in the prime of life, 
being Just forty-four yearn of age. and almost 
at the summit of hi* military fame. With 
lib wiry frame, tall gaunt form, restless hard 
eye*, and crisp heard, lie looked Uie picture 
of "grim v waged war.'" After lie had read 
n letter with which General Grant bad pro- 
vided roe, he entered at unco upon tan ani- 
mated discussion of the military aituatiou 
East nod West, and us be waxed more intense 
iu his milliner the nervous c-ncrrv of hi* na- 
ture soon began to manifest itse-if. He twlst- 
ed the newspaper which he held into every 
possible geometrical shape, ami from time to 
time he drew first one foot and llien the other 
out of Its dipper, and followed up the move- 
ment by shoving out hit leg so that his font 
could recapture the dipper and thrust itself 
into it again. 

What Hood, who commanded the enemy, 
would do in 0M0 WwHI Hlfitd fi "in At 
Ionia f<ir the sea was of course a Wind *nr- 
rni-e Ills view was that if he could move 
without a large army to ooufrotit hint at all 
points he could easily live off Uic country, 
go where it was deemed heat, and InHIct Ir 
rcixirable damage U|*iO the Confederacy; hut 
If Hood confronted him, lie I Sherman) would 
exhaust hi* provision* while fighting, and 
probably have to strike for the nearest |s>iui 
ori thu seaboard. snd tl would be llighlir itn- 
jHirtiiut to have an almnduiit supply of pru 
vision* mis-t him at the coast, He akiMcd 
the possthi lilies of the capturing nf Havan- 
nah moan while, hi serve ns a bare- from which 
supplies could tie sent up the Savannah Riv- 
er n> meet him 

No one could help being profoundly Im- 
pressed with the comprehensiveness of his 
gurap ami the dearnea* of III* flow*. Hi* 
nctivc and well disciplined brain seemed to 
cauisMler ami provide in advance fot every 
possible contingency that could arise in the 
doubtful fo-tiim-s of so vast a campaign, 1 
wan nujliori/xtl to awuro him thnt flcncrul 
Grant would spare no effort to co»|>crale 
with him to llie fullest extent from thu East, 
in the way of tending a fieri of commissary 
supplies, ele., to meet him us soon as it was 
known nl wlmt point he would Ire likely to 
rtfiK-h the coast. His expressions as to hi* 
conHdrnrc in the certainty of Id* chief to 
make provision for him were ns i-iuplvatic as 
thi' tsronU written to that chief af I* i t lie Vicks- 
burg campaign: “I knew wherever I was 
that you thought of me. sod if I got hi a 
tijrtit place, you would help uic out if alive.** 

It «u agreed that the publication* in 
S< nit hern newspaper*— which no always re- 
ceived through the lines— the information ob- 
tained from mdmM 8, prisoner*, 'k-sericrs, and 
the •' tellable contmlsind. would give ample 
news nf his whereabouts and hi* progre** 
through the country. After a full discussion 
of the subject in all Its Iwarinw. he gave mo 
just before leaving a letter adotrawd to Gen 
envl Grant to carry Isick to him, which r lose* I 
iu follows: I admire vour doggo I persever- 

ance and pluck more Ilian ever. If mil can 
whip l-ce ami 1 can march to the Atlantic. I 
think Uncle Abe will give n» a twenty days' 
leave of alarm* to see Hm> young folks." 
The record of the smses* of that nvureh to 
i|i«- sea tins since bcrxmio one of the mint 
lirll limit |Mtgca of American history 

Not many years ago. While sitting beside 
the General 'at a banquet, llie ham) orach up 
the uir wlOt which be was invariably greeted 
upon tmhllc uccasiisiM, "As fdrermiin goes 
marching througlr Oeorgia" Humid It 
seem-* that l am always to I* known bed a* 
tluf commander Ot live marcli to llir sea. I 
havr never cnnofclsred It l>y any m«*lM the 
niost merit" -rkiua part of the work I was per 
milted to take n hand io during the war. 1 
am. ti» lw sure, dimply Mtudblu of Use valor 
I,ur people have set up«ili it. Iiut lire battles 
a nd campaigns It fell to my lot In conduct 
previously were, I think, belter tests of a 
ioldter's abilities." 


When lie had reached Gnlddiomugb, North 
Carol! ua. in the spring of I8tl5.it Was thouglil 
advisable fur lilm to visit General Grant * 
head rpiarters nt City Point, Virginia, for 
thu purpose of a consultation. On the af- 
temoon of Murt-b 2?lb tire steamer which 
brought him was wtrti coming up the Juine* 
River, and when it approached the wharf 
General Grant stalled from Ills log hut «u 
tire Muff to greet id* il)u*trioiia rom|wnioii 
In arms. They met at lire fool of tire long 
High! of wooden fctepa which led down to 
the river. It was, " Why, lion- d'ye do. 
Slreiman?" “ How arc you, Grant?" And 
then a cordial grasping of hands nml more 
familiar terms of greeting, llreir manner be- 
ing more like thnt of two school Imy* en- 
cuunterlug after a vacatlou ihuu the tiiex-liug 
of the chief odors in tin- great tragedy of 

To make the occasion Mill more interest- 
ing. President Lincoln uml Admiral Potter 
were both at City Point. It wiu soon ar- 
ranged tlu.t Grant, Sherman. and Porter 
(•ImmiIiI call upou the President, wrlio was 
aboard tire Ilirtr (jnt<n. die ateamcr which 
hud broliglit him dowu from Washington. 
In the after-cabin nf that venal was held tire 
conference between these magnate*. lire 
*ceire of which ha* hem so faithfully trans- 
ferred to runva* by lire artist llt-.vly Sher- 
man there gave a most graphic dcocriptlnn 
of tire stirring event* of the march to tire 
sea; and afterwanl, iu aoswer to eager iu 
cptiric* from our stuff officer*, wire coltuciod 
about him around the camp fire, he related 
much of tire story again. Never were listen- 
ers inure cnihusiaalie, never wa* a speaker 
more eloquent. 

The story, a* Ire alone could lell ii, was 
u grand epic related with Homeric power. 
Mr. Lincoln aoMMd very nervous ami anx- 
ious lest something adverse might happen to 
Sherman'* command in hi* thcnif, and a* 
the Gem- rul wa* a* drairous ua any one to re- 
turn and pash Ids operations in the Held, he 
was given a swifter boat than tire one which 
brought him, aud started tire next evening 
on liw return. 

A novel feature of Shermans command 
was Id* " bummer*," They were not mere 
straggler* and self-ctiastiluled foragers, us 
many suppose, hut were organized for a 
very useful mirpoie from lire adventurous 
spirit* which are always found In the 
rank* They served a* the "ferine*." wire 
ki-|K iu advnucc of the main columns, -pied 
out the land, discovered the w. II tilh-d gran- 
aries and tempi iug burn yards on cillrer tlauk 
of tire main columns. They were iudl*ix-n- 
siihie in supply log the troops, all of w hom 
were compelled to live off the country, ami 
in destroying tire cocmv'* mean* of'trnn*- 
portulinu and colnirkuuicwliun. Tire buut- 
liter wna in fact a regular inslitulion. 

A* Sliermun's urmy nppn inched GidiUlair- 
otiglr. a bummer who wo* a Utile more en- 
terprising thou tire rest was found up a tele- 
graph pole cutting tire wire* of cmiu of mir 
military telegraph line* running out from 
Wilmington. A Union officer yelled nt him : 
"What are you lining there? You're cul- 
ling rare of our own wires." Tit ■ uiuii cast 
an iudiununt hade at ihr'pM'Mionrr. anil sail), 
a* 1 m- continued bis work. " I'm ouc o' -Sher- 
man'* Iwimnier*. mid lire l:;*l thing lie sakl to 
us was, He sure ami cut all the telegraph 
wires you come across, mid don't go to foulin' 
away linre askin' who they belong In." 

Geirerul Sbcrmiiu.utin subordinate, gave bin 
chiefs no troulilo in the field that roold lw 
avoided. He nccvpled what troop* ami sup- 
plies tin- government wan able to furnish 
him. and did the liest be could with them 
without giumbliog lie cheerfully employ- 
ed the tool* placed in liis hand*, and was sat- 
isfied. He never deniamlcsl wlinl could not 
lie given him. He wa* too much of a phi 
lissopbcr to expect inipo*«iliiliiic«. Tire (Jen- 
end was always food of talking with Ids men 
a* they filed hr him on lire march At Na- 
poleon enjoyed eiialti... will) the old mein* 
tiiehi-* af his guard, so Sherman loved to 
have a familiar word with Ids veterans One 
day a soldier had taken off Ids tlioea and 
stockings, and rolled up hit trousers to wade 
aero** » creek. A* tire General rode by he 
wa* at line ted by lire magnificent, specimen of 
miher liinlw exposed to view, which might 
lure served a* models for a classic sculptor. 

"A good stout pair of legs you've got 
tlinc my man.” cried Sherman 

Yes, General, tlrey're uot liail under- 
pinning," replii-d the Mildicr. 

I wouldn't mind rliaii;ingmine for ilirm, 
If toil don't object.' added Slirrniali, 

'lire man looked «l liis comnianik'r's leg*, 
which appeared railicr thin in oompari-sm, 
then at lii* own, and finally snid. • General, 
1 pie** wr cau l make a swap 

If General Slremiaii tnanifr*hsl at times 
toiniHliing of lire irritaliility of a Hotspur, 
and, like lire wiMier in the ’ Sewn Age*," 
was " ieiiloa* in honor, -uddeu and quick in 
quarrel.' it was la-eanse he po**c*-cu a wu- 
sitire nature, waa COBtcioua of tire honrsty 
of III* purposes, uml could Hot brook Ini-n p 
rmeutaiiuti and affront When he »n* gtv- 
• «■ a command in Kentucky, Ire saw wltli hi* 
kern military fnmdgbt thin lire provision* 
made for trotuia were itirwsl) iiiad'*|uate lor 
lire work la-fore llrerii, anil 'Ireland that 
Kentucky ouirlil lohnve at once 00. Out) men. 
ami tl.ni it would require •AM.tHsi t. . supprv*» 
tire rebel lion in Unit legion, lie urged lit* 
view* with Mich peraUtetrey, nml nsented 
tire harsh criticisms nude upon him with 
such vigor, that he waa cal leu a crank, and 


charged with 1 icing insane, and finally de- 
prived of hi* command. Subsequent event* 
proved him to Ire a true prophet. 

! mured lately after the surrender of Lee, 
Slreiman entered into n mrrea|»miIcnco in 

S c r fret goi/d faith with General .lim-ph E. 

i ill list on, tire commander of the forces coil 
fronting him, fiw the purpon- of bringing 
about immediate peace, and made a memo 
raniium of agreement, whirli included III tire 
terms of cupilulatioii ull the Confederate 
troop* remaining in lire field. It uiiuuunrcd 
iu general terms that the war wa* to «s-a*e. 
a general iiimiedy was to la- granted, a* far 
u» lire Executive of the United States, could 
command it. oil condition of llie ilisluml- 
nii-nt of the Confederate army, and provided 
for Hie distribution of arms and the tvsump 
xioii of peaceful pnisnit* by the nffh-ci* and 
men heretofore i onqsisiiig auid armies, hut 
it was dlsiou dy Mipuluted that an the two 
Generals wire sigtred the agreement were not 
empowered by their principal* to fulfil the 
terms, they could only pledge thcmsrlrra to 
pronijitly olitniu auihoiiiv, and tu eodenvor 
to carry out I be piogramme m» arranged. 
With Slteruinn il wua an ImhicsI effort on the 
part of u humane commander to try uml put 
an end to the war at o(icc. 

Wbun this paper was forwarded lo Wash- 
ington, it n-nch'sl there Just after the o>*av- 
sitiniiou of Mr. Liuculu, when public feeling 
waa everywhere intensely excited. 

The Secretary of War at ouce rcpudial'sl 
the term*, rvliuked ami censured Hieimau 
in n p-.ddislii-d cotumunieulioD. charging him 
with excx-ediug his authority, inijn-uching 
hi* motive*, nml pulling forth iiisiuiMlioiiN 
w hich were colei dated to iuci-nse any one 
who IimI a proper regard for Ida repiilntion 
Sherman felt that liis feelings hod Ih-cii 
ouintgid. not bertni»c hi- agiriureul hail 
la-cn disipprovtsl, but on oceount of the of- 
fensive nature of the public rebuke. 

Hr Km ii after entcnsl Washington nt lire 
heud of his army, receiving u greeting from 
llie popii1ar«' which might iiuve ranked wiili 
tlie triumph or a Roman conqueror. There 
he met Secretary Stanton, Mit smarting un- 
der u aense of insult, In- refusisl to give Idm 
hi* littml, and turm-d hi* Imck upon Idm. 
Bui nutwilhslaiuling the lalte-ruess of hi* rv- 
rentmeul at tire tliite, lie and Mr. Slnutuii 
become fully reconciled la-fore lire latter's 
death. 

General Sherman was n mnny-ahlcd man. 
He hud run lire entire guuiut of human ex|<e 
rienev. lie hud hern ■irerr-liant, lauiker, law- 
yer. professor, street ruilraud president, trav- 
eller. author, oraior, and soldier. Wherever 
be waa placrd. hi* own iiMiividunlity wa* 
conspiei min nml pruuonuced. He never fail- 
ed tu be intensely enlerlalniog. Hi* meth- 
od* were always original, uiui even when uu- 
Mtooemful they were interesting. He could 
not hare l*en ronimonpltm- if be had I rind. 

HU writings were a* graphic as C'awar's 
('ummeularif* There wa* in hi* rompusi- 
liiNia an elegance of ilicllou -elilniu found 
except io the woik* of pntferelonnl nullwr*. 
He baa cuntrihuled wmre of tire finest *peei 
men* of rbeioric to la- found In modern 
hooka. In hi* desrripiion of tire departure 
of lire troop* from Atlanta, given In Ids 
memoir*, hi* *lyle rise* to iIm: siililimc. 

lib letters are all models In llreir way. 
Nothing could exceed in grace mid louehing 

i iailros tire reply lie wrote to the officer* of 
ib old regiment upon the dnilh of hi* son 
" Tire child that Iwiv my name, and iu 
whose fill lire I Kpoaed with mure eoiifideireu 
than in iny own plan* of life, now Howl* a 
mere corpse, seeking a grave in u distant 
Uml. with a weeping mother. I troth vr, ami 

sisters clustered about him Hut my poor 

Willy wa*. or thought Ire wua. a Sergeant of 
the Thirteenth. I have seen hi* eye brighten 
and his heart U-ul as Ire lielreld lire Imitation 
under nrius, and n«krd me if they were not 
real soldiers. Child as he was, in- had lire 
enthusiasm, lire pure love of trull*, honor, 
nnd love of country, which should animate- 
all Mitdicra. God only know* why Ire t-lundd 
die mi young." 

As a speaker tire Mine qualities of slyle 
may be oloerred in hi* mure serious effort*. 
For iustnuce. bis reference to tire fl?g iu an 
address made at a lumqiict to the veteran*: 
"The prayer that every soldier ought to 

him iu life nrouiui him in death Whnt » 
that dag? A hit of hunting, a b»ub|r. a toy. 
You can buy it for n few shilling* iu Un- 
nearest Mere. Hut oore raise it as vuiir 
siamUnl, slid million* will follow It nml die 
under it IiimiII it. and a whole nation uf 
patriot* will ri*«- up in lie defence, amt you 
will fiud le-liind it all the power that can lie 
wU Ided by Un- republic " 

Tbr General oficn fell into a Jocose strain 
Tlrell there was n relaxing of lire Mein fen 
Hire*, a merry twinkl' of the eye. iunl a dis- 
play of wit sod hunter that " **-l Uic table iu 

At a mra-ting in support of Ihr Actors' 
Fluid of America, held In 1‘alimr » Tbeatrc 
in June last, the General la-iiig nil'itl mil, 
Mcp|xd to lire front of the stage, and la-gun 
bv saying "I confraa I feel strange up 
Irere iu such u preseme. If die geutirmni: 
who has my favorite «ent lit lire nrrlwwlra 
w til kindly give It up.atMl umm* up Iren and 
take inv place, I will cheerfully go to lire 
)a>x oAre*" nuil jaiy ifi at) for mi- «.l<l -cni 
Afte'iward he a»lo’nialM*l Itn- nudleors liy llw- 
slatemrnt that tbe theatrical plofew-lori ought 
to feel indebted lo idm because in: had once 
aaved Jon JrfUr-oQ * life, ami tlreu went OB 


to say- "Jire Jefferson culltsl on me at the 
Fifth Avenue Hotel, and after he had left I 
mw a roll of paper under the chair he biul 
ixcupusi. I ran after him and cried, ' Jm-. 
did you drop Ibis roll of tssper?' lie liimril 
to lire with a look full of Joy ‘.My God, 
Sherman, you have saved my Ufel' • What 
d.»y>"U mean? How have I savtsi your life?' 
• W hy.' replied Jefferson, with that familial 
twinkle in ills eve. ' 1 am publishing my life, 
ami that i* Ibe first chapter.' " 

After having llMc-ncd to nearly all of Gen- 
eral >hi-cmiui a tpiMkM dm mg' the last all 
years. I have no hesitation in ranking hint 
seenaid to no one as an afler-diiiner s|icaker. 
While lire prestige of hi* illustrious name 
intensified the Interest felt in what lie snid, 
vet 1 believe that if Ire: had appeared at any 
bouquet unheralded nml unkuown. and dr- 
livered urn- of hi* diaracterUtlc addmetw, it 
would leave been conceded that hi* speech 
was the hit of the evening. He had the art of 
lieglnniiig with some epigrammatic sente-tic* 
or humorous alluaion to -onic current topic. 
Npitltett in a way which at oner aecunal the 
Miration of tin- audience. He iniugied wit 
and psihiMi iu u happy hlrmling whu-li ap- 
pealed to all minds and touched nil Irewrt* 
A* eloquence i* only another name for vwr- 
best trews, his serious uttenuirr* itad all Ibc 
power of the fim-M oratory. He Icittrevl for- 
ward.gtstk'ubled forcibly with liis long right 
arm. looked Ills bearers full in lire eyes, soil 
Mx-mrd lo br sjiewking into the particular 
car* of each Individual before him. A* a 
talker lie drM-rved to br ranked among the 
great cunvrr*er»of history, aud, unlike many 
gifled ronversalionalisl*-. la" pinKtiwc'l the 
ran- faculty of being n gmal lUtener. Even 
in iIm- midst of one of Id* must animated re- 
cited*. if same 'me interTiipicd him to add a 
remark, lie would slop, look at him good- 
naturedly, and nml approval Hi* lip*, too, 
would Often move io uuisua with the apeak 
er'«. a* if "marking time" to the music of 
bU word*. 

Tire Gcni-ral'fc tvlucalbm at West I’oint, 
w ilk'li taught drawing ami painting, gave 
him a know ledge of pro|>oMlun and coloring, 
and cultivated u tasle for art which created 
ill Idm a great foiMiuesa for picture* ami 
MidjUure. Thi* wa* largelv iricrcwwd lt> 
the op|X>rl unities Ire enjoyed iu ofler years 
iu hi* vi*iis lo the an centre* of foieigu 
Uml*. IIU eriticLsuis oil art were very posi- 
tive and dreidi'd. I was much amus'd nu« 
day. when talking to General Grant while ii 
M-ulptor w as modelling Ids Imsl In day. to 
•c-e General SUennnu cvinre into the rivoni nnd 
begin n vigorous dkciuwlon with the nrilsi as 
to tire Iraihfultu -s of lire rcM-mldancv In 
lit* nervon*. off Imml, muling manner, ho 
criticised «ir f'-alun- after nimther. Inekting 
on a little more prominence here and a lilllo 
lew* llrere. and iMiiuing hi* fingers over pot 
lion* of lire uvoiM rlnv to twit Id* suggestions 
into effect. Finally in Ids enthusiasm, lie 
actually wired u tool out of the artist'* hand, 
and was nlxiut lo aerape- off w hat he deemed 
a I is i prominent projection of the chock, 
wlren tire terrified arliM.upod whose face 
the colil |M-rspinitinn had lirokni out. stayed 
the baud of I Ire ruthless amateur, and brought 
him to such a realizing reuse of Ibe comical- 
ilv of the scene Unit be joined heartily iu Iho 
laugh which followed. 

From Ida iiirlirM yuiilli lie had la-en a 
lover of the drama, ami was always eager to 
express his gratitude to Hm: theatrical pro- 
feMbMi h* lire pleasure It had given him 
Hi- wa* a freqiieut th«ttn*-gnci. was alwavs 
iu hi* scat Irefore lire nlay tsegau. and watcV 
«vl the going up of the curtain w Itli as evi- 
dent delight as lire child w ho sera thill mystic 
veil rise for the flr«t time. He was nil ex- 
is-llrnt druinalic crilie, and managers unv 
nlwuya un xiinm lo gel Id* npluiou of u play. 
At one of thu dinners given him Ire hod 
cc>n*|dc'Uollsly displayed a small burner of 
exquisite workmanship, a birthday gift, bear- 
ing lire motto, embroidered in gobl, "Thine 
honor Is lire irerfuiiie'if hemic flred* " Tills 
was tbe huiuliwork of Mbs Ada Itclun, of 
Dill)'* Theativ, whose perreuintlous on tbe 
stage laid often given him so murti delight, 
iiihI who*v genius he held in such high e» 

1‘erliup' lire pli-n.-ui(it(-sl yeani the General 
ever enjoyed were UiOMt puted In (lie city of 
Nt w York. Tire care* of office hail erased, 
tin arduous Inbina of Ids life were over, and 
wherrvt-r he went hr foiitul himself sur- 
rounded by Ihnre- whore- affeetlotis went out 
to him. anil who vied with cork other tn 
lining Idm huuur. No galhering in the me- 
tnqsillh w a* ei.mph Is w Itliout him In wlvnt 
ever i irrh- he moved he was lire centre; nt 
whatever tnldc lo- -at he wa* the bead. The 
nation had lifted him to tlx*- highest military 
rank, t •ingress Ills'! pfx-o-nled him with vote* 
of llnliks, iliiWersitn-* and college* Inul Con- 
ferred on him llie degree of LI. I). Xum- 
Iwrlra* home and foreign c-lnlis and societies 
hud made him an honorary nremb r There 
were no more public lionurs lo l*.-*tow. and 
now Ire wo* receiving the courtesies niel al- 
teutlona of private life in a manner which 
gave llie sweetest solace In tire veteran s de- 
clining yearn 

Tire Inst farewells have im-w hern *|a>k«n, 
the laurel which erownrd the brio’s blow is 
luteii w Iced with the eypnaa. the (tag he hod 
so often upheld bo* dropped to half most, the 
bmining of bi« gun* lias given Jihov to thu 
liilllng i-l iwili'dral hell*, aoil Anar icon 
hewn* nav.urvtire.-urd wiili » «ens«- of •silnrs* 
which iiiAt^U^^;st^vLaf(^|ihh^W 
hmavemait. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 




MARCHING THROUGH GEORGIA.” — From the Painting by T. de Tihlstkup. — [See Page 134.] 



138 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1783. 


VERBENA CAMELLIA STEPHANOTIS, 

BY WALTER BESaNT. 


Thks* ilw Priest, a* the Rubric directs, 
took the child tit bis own hand*. holding it 
dexterously ami not like a 'prentice, or mere 
curntr, unaccustomed to the right handling 
of a baby, but with a circular ntaap of tba 
left so Hut I be bead of I be Enfant lay met led 
in Die bend of the tnn ami llir laxly was 
auppnrird by tire Inind. and tin- right hand 
Was free to administer tbo healing waters of 
t lie font, ami be said to Hie child's sponsor*, 
who were ber earthly father and her earthly 
mol her, with Aunt Eliza. " Name this child." 

To which lire godfather. also the father, 
replied in n clear nnd intelligible voice, 
" Verbena Camellia BtepbanMie." Ho was 
a short man with stooping shoulders, a 
broad forehe.id, nnd meditative eyes. When 
he had done this part of his duty, knowing 
that the clerk, as is usual in such cases, 
would do all the rest, his eyes departed from 
the situation and went right through the 
church walk into some far -distant place. 
In reality limy were looking into his fernery, 
which was under glass about a mile and a 
half away. 

Now the Priest was a masterful man, who 
scrupled not to restrain the unbridled spon- 
sor by autliority of the Church. Once, for 
instance, he reflated to christen a child Judas 
Iscariot, even though his father was a pro- 
found total untw-ltcver and iltereforv expect 
ed every allowance. On this occasion, also. 
Ire perceived that the prmxised name* were 
professional. He therefore changed the 
name by Ilia own authority, and with. mi 
asking the godfallrer's consent. to Vera Ca- 
milla He entered these names in I be book 
and showed tliein to the parent*. 

“It d'*-Sfi‘l limttei." said the father -'I 
shall call her what I please.” In the end he 
never called ber anytiiiug at oil 

"Vera Camilla,'' said ber mother. "It’s 
sweetly genteel." 

“Vera,"Miid Aunt Eliza. "Why, it's a 
name hi for any lady. Vorhenar "iiwksri! 
You might as well have called the dear child 

’Ollyock." 

It 

Vera lived in the lovelirst cottage ever 
seen: a cottage such as is smuetlme* pro- 
vided for young lover* hy a fairy: it scented 
to be of one story, hut there were really two 
stti-il 1 bedrooms In tli« two gable* — they had 
sloping sides, and just room enough for a 
fieri and a chair an*t a looking -glua*. The 
rotugo was cove-red all over vith climbing 
plants up to the very chimney— Virginia- 
creeper, wtetarin. clematis, jasmine ra-cupied 
each its own side or comer: u pare ton llow. 
er held pmmm I mi of th* pon-l>; tb« lnwn 
before the cottage was trim anil treat, mown 
and tolled till It was a* soft as velvet nod as 
smooth a* silk. There were Ixsls in which 
every kind of Bower grew nnd flourished: 
and "in lire- background there were flowering 
shrubs which blossomed, one or other, all 
lire- long year rouod. 

The In --.Mi-hold consisted of the girl nnd 
her father, her mol tier now lying not far off. 
The father, always n meditative mail, was 
entirely atonrheii in hi* profession, and 
talked r>f nothing but his [Kurus, lie spoke 
of them as a scbocil moAtev streaks of hi? pit- 
pit*, lie iccogni/isi prnmiai-, but experience 
taught him to look for disappoint mem. He 
knew the temptation* and the dangers which 
hrw-t tin- vegetable kingdom, llre-ir uianners 
and custom*, tire: failing- and wcakncsM** of 
ho plants. Of tlieae things Ire spoke, and 
he w.>* unable to speak nr to think of any- 
thing la-sidc*. Hid hi* daughter want any- 
thing? What should she want, living III a 
most beautiful and spacious garden planted 
with every tree, shrub, and flower that will 
flourish under the sky in northern London? 
All day long he was engaged with bi» flow- 
ers; in llir evening he wont to bis rltili at 
the tavern. !Ii» daughter, therefore saw 
him only at meals, wht-iv he mostly took III* 
food in silence. 

The milage looker) out upon tile lnwn. and 
therefore commanded a vn-w of lho gr«-at 
iron gates on Hu- left, and in front the broad 
gravel root which led to tire- Ground, and on 
the right the Ground itself— not a park or a 
play-ground or a place of reef cm lot i — I nit the 
Ground. During the hours when tl*e Ground 
was ir«eil the girl always *nl with Imt lack 
to the window M» tlnwigh the view displeased 
her She ha>l very early eontnu led llifo hab- 
it. ami now continued ft. though the no lon- 
ger felt the least dislike to lire: view from 
the window or to the panorama of those who 
inarched (nmt lu order to use the Ground. 

Tilt: iron gates iqs-ncri upull the lijgh n<ad, 
now duMried, though In the old days it had 
I wen day ami night covered with cart-, wag. 
tins, stage < -out’li"— . carriage*, ami drove* of 
eatl k'. Now- the trurnp limped painfully 
along, or the younir London clerk on Satur- 
day afternoon ami Suet lay rolled *wiftly 
sl-iog upon hi* bicycle. Ottrerwl.-re- the road 
was deserted. save for thnm who drove (for 
rxdasly walked) to the Ground 

About ten o'clock in tire- Drawing thebusi- 
ne-1 mill activity of the day liegnn, ami ran 
tinned without pot»*e until tire- afti-rnooit, 
w-le-n it stopped. At five o'clock Hie gate* 
were closed. Then Vera had the Ground nil 
to herself. 


- lln-klto-l 




The barium of the day hegatt. ami con- 
tinued. with a nrocrwion. Sometime* it wu* 
a prooraalon .if mnny vehicle*. hut generally 
of no mure than three First there: came an 
Ark with a treasure chest In it. and that w 
precious Uiat it was covered all over with 
flowers Next two carriages followed, drawn 
by Mack In -rv-* and filled with people. who 
■nl holt- upright when anybody was looking, 
ami stuck out their duns with pride at their 
own respectaliility. The procession testified 
to Ure Family gnalwre. It 1* not often that 
the Family — which is, for the incut part, an 
invisible unit— can illustrate Its own great- 
ness; in fact, this is nearly tire: only function 
which cun serve that purtute. The pruOea- 
sum entered the g*t<* am I drove slowly |*st 
the cottage, where die occupants of the cur- 
ruges were often disappointed at seeing not 
die face hut the hack and the shoulders of 
a girl. That any oue should have so little 
curiosity a* not "to Him round and estimate 
the respectability of u Family ! 

The i-arri age." rolled on; they stopped be- 
fore a small building where ceremonies were 
conducted. When t Irene were finished the 
people came away, lull without their trea- 
Him . They came away, got into the car- 
riages, and drove, away lwiskly. Not far 
from the iron gates is die tavern known as 
the Fox ami Grope* " Imre there is a Urge 
room with a comfortable Are for the recep- 
tion of visitor*. Tire tavern Is famous, to 
those who use the Ground, for the most sym- 
pathetic of all drinks. It fc. unsweetened, 
except with lump sugar according to taste, 
and b taken with hot water. 

All the morning long one procession fol- 
lowed another. They were ad exactly alike, 
except that sometime* there war- a longer 
following of carriage-. Vera beard them 
p«**, but she rn-ver looked round. 

The Ground, in fact, was a cemetery in the 
West Finchley Hoad, the cemetery of a great 
I .-m ilon parish; a large park covering many 
acres. laid out in flower bed*, lawns, gravelled 
walks, tree*, and shrutw. so that in spring, 
summer, arid autumn ii is a very lovely gar 
ih-n, and even in winter it U not without its 
beauty. Among the flower bed* and the 
eliruhs lie in rows — row after row. mile* of 
row*— the grave* of the dead. Most of them 
have headstone*: many have broken pillars, 
eroMcs, square tomb*. polished granite ^labs, 
little columns planted with flowers. There 
were legend* and epitaph* on tin** monu- 
ments. There is a certain monotony about 
the epitaph* of London cemeteries. Mostly, 
to those who read between the lines, they 
run as follows; 

" Atrrml tu the mi-morr af A B , «l«i II ■■*! wrenty 
jma, sod did solhu.r wnrt*r -T nu milirsure. Il>- 
■rtrea alnivrv md run* »iiiiil Chrtabui, iln »>» DatrlUy 
nlrald of iroii-c In llwvwi. and quite rnton ttret ro 


■la> aiurnhqc In 
tin: divtdmi. >|H-.ik n 

lfckmi Till* • 
hi» iinperwliava* mmorj. 

The Dopulatlou of tire place, although the 
Gr- hi ml luisonly been hjmmmxI for thirty year*. 
i« a quarter of a million. The Ground does 
not Ire-long to a parish where men of letter*, 
art, or science live, nnd there is not one of 
nil this ImntrfiMi multitude whose works sur- 
vive to continue bb name for another gciicr- 
ntion. 

When the procession* of the day were over, 
the greul gala* closed, tin- chapel locked, and 
the m^Ktiuurtu gone. Vera had Ulc place to 
iM-pielf, and could Wander ulioul the tsillk*. 
She knew every part of the cemetery ; In one 
corner the little bit of coppice left uncleared. 
In aoivtlier. the two or three apple-trees still 
remaining — remnant of an orchard . tbit part 
of the Grtniud nut yet laid out, covered with 
long bent* and damd ami course gross; and 
lire hedge beyond this Held, where she gnth 
ered Miicklre-rrle* In aticuinn and row and 
honevsiiekle in June. 

She wandered alone sImhii the great silent 
place in die summer evenings Long after 
the sun went down her while figure among 
the white tomb* shorn- ghostly 'in the twi- 
light. 

sire never went anywhere. Her life was 
wholly spent within these w ulb. Half a mile 
up the rood there was a school where «.lie 
had learned certain accomplishment*, whirh 
were of liule use to liet because she seldom 
road anything and now wrote, She made 
no friend*. Tlre-rc is a certain prejudice al- 
taelred to rare resident in a cemetery. It la 
awkward to give a ccinetcrv a* your pemm 
■lent add re—: some little ndluin at taclie* to 
any office eonnre-bsl with such an institution. 
Veru. therefore, had no friends. Other girls 
g ii nlHvul mid see tiling*, tlvoy have amu-e 
menu. Vera went nowhere. Other girls, 
again, get a little excitement and change 
w Ii- ii they put on tlre-ir best clothe* and go to 
church. ’Vera did not go to church. The 
reason wan not that Mipcriorily of intellect 
which shuts tin- chorea door to ».< many 
young indies of the stay, but simply bocmiwi- 
iirr fallwr consider**! that wbs-n you have 
chnp-1 wrrir<* going on every day. the ire- 
ces»iire-« of the liumuu caw ore mono tlun 
met Iks ween tbo time wben Vera left 
scbool nnd lire: beginning of this history a 
|M'i|i*l of tvroycar* |n«reil away. That is to 
say, for two years tire girt lived at the gale* 
nf tin: cemetery, and went nowhere else. eX- 
t-t-iit to tin? row of suburban shop* nmr the 
school, where she bought tile things she 
wauled for her hotiK-k** fdng. 


To a girl, almrat a child, living thus alone 
among the tombs, with burial* going on all 
day long, with no friend*, no outride world 
except a long deserted m»d, life may come 
to stain like an eodiew iMu** Hmrtbtt — a 
tUire-e of death, a pageant of death. To this 
place, hither, must all lx- brought: It t» Hie 
universal end. What wan the outride work! 
engaged upon nil the time? Clearly, she 
concluded, undertaker?. Some made coflin*; 
some coffin plules, hanilks, ornaments, tin- 
ing*. Hbrouds; **ioae made black carriages; 
aouie black coals and black frocks; aotne 
were told off to rend the service appointed; 
the bead undertaker wa* the chiel .Minister 
of Slate; nothing w in* regarded but the future 
occupation of tire Ground; tlw ctik-f ohjec* 
ih saving money was to provide fora respect- 
able pnxoMioD. Life was all death ; clotlrew, 
rioiliiiig hut a sign of mourning, clergymen, 
chaplain* tu cemeteries; religion. no amuraoce 
to Hie bereft; everything beautiful wa* in- 
tended for nothing "but the adonuMBt of the 
permanent homo. 

Ido not ay Hut Vera put all these thoughts 
into words: young girl* do not formulaic 
their thought* Ian guagr cannot cl. it he ihi-nt , 

I ait ih*-y immi iihsI this color and cnmpleximi. 
Tire cemetery wa* all she really knew, IVr- 
lHI]M humane everybody who came to lire- 
ground was MoUtrxi in 'black, Vera .with a 
kind of instinct rather than hy protest, dress- 
ed always iu white No ope would have in- 
terfered with her if olu- had chosen yellow 
but »hc idn>re white. Black belonged to tbe 
processions. bliu:k belonged to the ladies who 
came afterward, sometimes for us much as 
six months Inter, with flower* The black 
spot * moving about among the green graves 
ami tire flower bed* in Uti* beautiful garden 
offended Hie girl’s eye*. Therefore sire wore 
white; in winter white flannel and in sum 
nver white stuff. She curried n Imsket and a 
pair of garden scissors, and she went about 
attending to lire flower* of the forgotten 
grave*, tlrese for which lire re were no longer 
any iiuviiroera to pay tin- gardener. Sire w a* 
a tall thin slip of a girt utu.ut sixteen years 
of age, n* yet with little of the womanly fig 
ure Her fair hair, abundant, bung uncon- 
flned except by a ribbon; her blue ryes were 
large and serious; ber face was grave her 
very step was *erio<UH. Sire neither lauebed 
nor sang nor danced a* sire went along, al- 
though she was so young. You see, it cheeks 
laughter and singing to romem her that though 
a quarter nf a million may Ire listening. Urey 
cannot rwnlv even with an echo. 1 road once 
of a child brought up in a nunnery, one nf 
the austere hotwes where the sinters "dig their 
own grave*, and where the day* are forever 
cheered by the sound of the kucli of the 
paaaing-bcll. Tlren 1 remembered Vero. ,V* 
that cloUter child, so was Vera. 

1IL 

The ties of kinship are less respected on 
certain social level* than on others. The 
English family very easily breaks up into 
separate piece*. Hi i -t her* and sister* go t heir 
own way: they sotlter. If they remain in 
the same place! they quarrel Children who 
should Ire cousins know each other no long- 
er, Those who get up lu the world are too 
proud to inquire after thnv- who remain 
down below: those who are below are too 

K oud to intrude upon those who are up. 

unily (wide, therefore, has it* uses. Vera's 
father, for inslance. remained head garde tn-r 
of tire new cemetery. His brother— though 
thin he did not know, U-chusc lie never read 
any newspapers— was Prime Minister of New 
Souih Wales. Anothci'bnitber.alsounkiuiwn 
to him, wus a silver king, and controlled I 
know n->t what. He himImI. Had be 
gone abroad, a* hi* brotlrers did. lie would 
have lifetime Ixitauist to a colony profesaor 
of botauy lu tbe Colonial University, Fellow 
of the iinyal Society. As it was, he remain- 
ed nt borne, and was a gardener, whose 
tbouglita never travelled bayuod bis plants 
But even at home one may the. \ era had 
nn aunt — I mt mother'* water — I mt aunt Khz*. 
Bite, by reason of ber hitsimud's great sue- 
cew, had elimU.-d to a dizzy height, even to 
a house in Unlford Square an-.l a carriage. 
Aunt Eliza's huslva ml. indeed. was none Oliver 
than lire well known, ever famous purveyor 
in tire fray. It would be hard indeed if so 
eminent a citizen should not have lu* car- 
riage arid his house iu Bedford (square Ireau- 
tifully furnilhed, and on Sunday* hi* dinner 
ruirtirs at three in the afternoon. But Aunt 
Eliza had wellnlgli forgotten tire exlMnice of 
her nines. Her riatcr was dead, her sister’* 
husband was gardener to a uciuctery ; there 
won a child Prosperity makes one arqnaint- 
ed with Oliver prosperous persons, people 
who Imvc a good concern in thu City cannot 
remain on intimate term* with cemetery gar- 
deners Do not blame- Aunt Kltzti: ti* tbe 
w ay of tire world She had not called at tire 
lodge for fourteen years. 

One day lu leafy May. the lalxirnum and 
tlw: lilac* being in full flower, there entered 
tire miles a proce**ion of great length ami 
mtigniflroncc. with siveli waving plume* and 
such n pile of flow cm as denoted respect to 
mioco** Evidently a prince in Israel. Vera, 
silling in her room with her back to the win- 
dow, was conscious only of prolonged black- 
nos grating over the gravel 
W lieu everything was over, ami tbe mourn- 
ers were reiurning to their earringr*. one of 
them, a port I V dame of henevoleiit aqs-ct. 
walking beside her husband ( two* her of 
the — — l whispered, " John, 1 must stay he 
htud and are bun. If it's only for poor Aure- 
lia’* sake. Tell them 1 am staying to arc Uic 


grave of a friend. You go on. nnd I wifi gel 
home by myself somehow." 

When live lost carriage had passed through 
the galea Aunt Eliza opened lire door of lire 
lodge. 

"Goodness gracious!" die cried. "I sup 
I*i*c you're Vera. Lord, how you’re grown! 
A young woman, 1 declare, and a pretty one 
too. Give mo a kri*. my dear; I'm your aunt 
Eliza, oimt for a funeral. Well, to he Mire) 
Why. It's a pretty room and all. though, of 
course. one wouldn't expect to And you silling 
on a txdttu lid. And where'* your "father, my 
d«rT" 

When at last sire went away she held out 
both lund* and klswxl her nieiv kindly 

” My dear she Raid, "it * pcrfectly'dread 
ful to think of a child like you— a big girl 
too— silting among the tonilm all the while, 
like its If you were panmard, seeing nobody 
and talking to nnl»*ly ami going nowhere 
It * enough to make you mrluncboly mail 
You shall come to see us. John and me will 
make von welcome. Ixtok here, now, Vera, 
ray dear — I remember when your father 
wantisi to call you Sweet Willhun or some 
such name— you nunc next .Sntunlay after- 
noon Come early, and 111 get you some 
pretty things to wear, though white is always 
tieromiitg. I will *ay that. In the evening 
wall go lit tire theatre and seo my favorite 
Nina Cazalet Sunday morning, if it’s One. 
we always drive out. There’s open Ihhisc 
for dirmer. and the rest of the day with *uch 
laughing and talking ** you never liesnl, 
Ugli!” slie shuddvred, "you rant laugh in a 
ccmctcrj-. That * right ; you'll come. Ha l 
let on about tire cemetery, you know In a 
year or two, perlrep*. when lire young mnn 
come* along, you can (ire»k it gently Tlist’s 
settled, then and I'm glad 1 came; truly glad 

IV, 

A pUre filled with people; ihe women in 
lovely drew*, smiling and talking, tire men 
a* auimit tel and a* lixppy a* custom per- 
mit*. Bright light everywhere; a band play- 
ing sweet music, a curtain painted with girls 
and young men, flowers, dunces, and sun- 
shine: Ure air charged with the perfume of 
Joy and youth. Vein sal beside Her sum in 
the front row of the dress circle, her eyes 
wide open, ber lip* Irenilvliuj.'. lrer trends 
trembling, her whore frame tingling with Ihe 
wouder ami tire novelty of it. 

Then Ure curtain drew up. and then for 
three h»uro Vent wa* ravished away. The 
theatre existed no longer: she w as not sitting 
before a stage; sire wus Iraiking on. unseen, 
at fairy-land, She saw for lire Aral time 
youth and the happiness of youth; the joy 
of Is-iOii beautiful, tire joy of being htviid, 
the joy of living and wooing, live joy of miii 
shine, tbe Joy of life; for lire Jirsl time aho 
frit that yearning for Joys unattainable which 
gloriflea youth though it make* that time un- 
happy. JSIre heard Ihe gospel of joy. When 
tire bouse lnnghi-d she felt as if something 
Jarred. It wua a* if she whs recalled rudely 
to the actual world Tire hell would Ite toll- 
ing next She looked on grave, wondering, 
When tho curtain fell between the acts sire 
sighed and gasped, and lire tear* came into 
her eyes when her aunt s|nvkt- to Irer. *l»e 
replied faintly, because her inind wo* with 
tlie play. 

Among tire rotnpnny wa* an artresa who 
took live leading pari To this girl she seem- 
ed like a being of whose existence sire had 
never even dreamed. Hbc wa» voung, she 
was iH-auliful. she bad a sweet face and a 
aw eel voice; her lip* were always smiling, 
her eye- Irenmcd with happliic-i and with 
mirth: in the play all the men loved her and 
courted Irer. In the bouse the young men 
dapped their hand* for joy whenever she 
appeared. She was the Queen, the Goddess, 
lire Pul ron Saint of love and happiness and 
beauty. Vera followed her a* she moved 
upon 'the stage; Irer carriage, litr gesiutea, 
her voice. Irer cyea, fascinated the girl. 

When all wa* over Uiev caiue home through 
tire Lamp- III streets in a hansom. Vera went 
to bed too much excltt-d to deep; happy just 
to lie and recall the evening, and to two again 
in Imagination the Metres* who had rhanm-ii 
her witli her simple spdl anti pretence of 
happiness 

t la Monday sire went home. Arriving with 
tire second procession of the day, All the 
duy.all tiki week. she walked about resllessly. 
iu the evening she wandered in tire Ground; 
hut site avoided the inhabited portion. ,S In- 
laid to |x*s* through the grave* ill order to 
gut to Ure unused field, sire shuddered a* she 
passed, Irecwute Irer head WHS filled with a 
yearning after what sire hud *ccn upon tbe 
stage. Then- dead (reople Itail lreeu taken, 
(reriinp*. from such a woi Id of Joy — a world 
where the undertaker Is not seen. < inly in 
the far corner of lire th Id did nhc feel aide 
to give herself up to lire thought and recol- 
lection of the tln-atro. 

'Viren Sat unlay enure she did a strange 
thing. First -lie made upa bouquet of white 
flower*, then she wrote a little note and pinned 
it among tire flowers. " From Vera. I love 
you. If you will Jet me love you. carry my ’ 
bnuquel ' Sire tied up her bouquet ill ain't 
paper, and after tea, at six o'clock, ahr ti*ik 
uer jacket and Irer hat and went out of the 
gate* and tiirord dowu tire road iu lire direc- 
tion of l.omion Her ful her waa gone to hi* 
eluli He would not gel home until ten, and 
site always went to U»l at nine, lie would 
rn.-i know. 

It was nearly eight o'clock when t-lre ar- 
rived at the theatre. She boldly walkctl in 
through lire crush of the people who were 


FEBRUARY 21, 1891. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


139 


crowding in. anil asked tbc tickrtlaker how 
(■he wn< to conroy her flow-era lo Mire Nina 
Cazalet He directed Iter to il«: ntngrdoor. 
where she found no difficulty In tending in 
her gift. Theo afac returned lo tbc front of 
the house. Ilea 1 she made lilt- discovery tJ.il 
dimdrck seals wore norm «4iil liitirw apiece, 
ami «lo- iuu.) hut two altilliiiga in bor puree. 
With this modest sum. fcftwmt. sire found n 
place in the pit. and *irt there with beating 
lientt until the curtain rose. 

Aina! Nina Caxalel came III without Iter 
bouquet, hikI Itor heart felt us heavy as leivl 
Tin ii site reflected that in such a piece iIhj 
ai'troM ei wild m>t enrry a bouquet- This 
thought relieved her. Perlmi* the ndrom 
would moke tome sign to her. I ail No sign 
came. Tlteo she renn mheiwl that tlie »c- 
ties* could nut possibly know her by night, 
ami agaiu alio took courage. Finally she 
surrendered hen-elf itt the magic of the piece, 
nud once mitre lost nil eOWKlonslie** while 
(lie contody was played. Tito tbentro over, 
she null.' away. Tim street was full of pou- 
pie. pushing ami shouting. Vera stood hesi- 
tating. Somi ltmly spoke to her. She turn- 
ed nml walked away. She walked through 
crowded alums and through deserted streets. 
No one inidi-sled her; she had no fvnr. She 
came out at length beyond the houses into 
the long dark road, stretchiug north, be- 
tween bodges All tl»e way sin- noticed no- 
thing, Her brain was filled willi the voice of 
the actress, and with her face, nod with the 
magic of her grace, nnd with the joy. unlike 
anything over known on earth, which Ihw 
white wlieh poured into the hearts of those 
who sni nt her font, 

It wns ii Hue night; the star* wero out. 
The lilac filled the air ns Veni turned into 
l be lodge garden. She crept noiselessly up 
Mair*. She opened her window aiul looked 
out; she could see the while lime of bead 
Moots and of tombs. 

“Oh." she thought, “did they know — 
those poor things, the dead— that tlu-re arc 
place* where people do nothing hut Laugh 
nnd sing and ore always happy ?' 


Mia* Xton Cazalet aat in her room under 
the hands of n dresser. As one who entirely 
realized how much the attraction* of a wo- 
m ill arc aaaislcd mid heightened l>y art, she 
generally took the IretDMt interest In every 
detail of bor Stage toilette. This evening she 
was (Muaive and silent. ThU queen of Joy. 
at w hose presence the clouds of care rolled 
hark, was herself gloomy. A tense of im 
pending misfortune hung om Jut She 
held in her hnml n letter which she inul read 
twenty limes, and ench time with a heavy 
sigh. It «w from her lover. " Cbouae,” u 
said. almost in so many plain Words — "choose 
iretweeu your lover and your profession. 
Give up the stage or give tip the lover. " A 
dreadful alternative! tshc would have been 
happy with both, hut with one only of the 
two s’hc would lie w retched . How could she 
give up her Inver? How could *h* give up 
her arty "< hoote." shk! her lover; ” I will 
aw nil your choke. ” 

“ Something dreadful is going lo happen." 
»he said to her dresser. “Lasi night I had 
terrible dream* I've had ibis letter for three 
davs. and every time 1 try to answer It 1 am 
held buck. 1 cannot answer It A cruel let- 
ter' Wltal has made him write lit** 

*' I >uii 'i think about it till the piece is 
over. " 

•• No— not till tire piece is over." Nina 
Ml upright ami nerved herself. " I’ve Inul 
such it frightful In-adm-be nil day long — I 
cun hardly drag inv lirnlat. Hut I shall mint- 
age, somehow. Oh!" she started nervously, 
•* who is tliat knocking at the dour?” 

It wm something lied up in silver paper. 
Nina tore it o ff In patiently. “ Always tbc 
game." she snid. " Every Saturday for the 
Iasi two men ill s. Who U Vera. I wonder T" 
Hit* opened the nolo. "Always the untie 
words, ‘ 1 love yon. If you will k-l ure love 
you. wear these Mower*.' They arc beautiful 
dowers. Who i* Vent?” kbe sal up nnd 
looked at the writing. Tit® ctiamclere were 
square hikI almost childish. "Mysterious 
Vera! I am haunted by Iter. Well, I will 
find out who sire Is, Out of curiosity I will 
wear ln-r flowers lo night. Lei her lote me? 
Well, there are not many women who want 
to love A* for tire men — l*ul the dowers 
here; they are very pretty.” 

The toilette wns finished. Tire orebeslnt 
played the last bars, the bell nutg. the curtain 
rose up; tire actress, with glowing cheeks, 
smiling lips, nml bright eyes, ran upon the 
Stage. While the house lung with cheers. Oh. 
who could hope to lie as huppy suit ns cure 
leas as this godlike creature? 8lw cartud 
away nil who sat in that great house— ail, 
even the poor dreaa makers drudge* in the 
gallery, were rapt awl ravished out of tbem- 
selvcK. and for three short lours lived in a 
; Mini d tse of song ami Imppineas ami merry 
cmrelteene**. A witch! n sittvn-n! Hut a 
whin- witch, a Ir’iwvoImM. kindly witch, who 
tiw-d her power for tire happiness of firework!. 

When sire ap|w-nrvd upon lire singe, the 
young men gasped, ami drew their Im-ath. 
and many changed color, being victim* of 
love tire mocker who fills young men's Irearls 
with the unattainable. And tire girls nil 
murmured." Oh!" with a loug sigh «>f ndmi- 
ratinn awl of envy. In Uic front row of the 
pit there sat a young girt. She. at the sight 
of Nina, turned firs* red and then jvd<- She 
was quite alone, which is unusual In the pit 
—or any other part of the house— even tor 
older girls. She rose, and asked those behind 


her kindly in make room. Flic passed out 
ami did not return. 

It wa* half past eleven when Nina drove 
home. She lived alone save for her maid 
and lu-r servant*, and had n flr>4 Moor Out In 
Victoria Street Her even lug's work hud 
been too mum for her; she climbed the stair 
with difficulty, drugging her limits and Inui- 
iDg oh the balustrade. Her head reeled ; her 
eyes aebed. 

She opened her door nnd went Into her 
dining-room. The supper wa* laid ; the lump 
burned low; tire windows were wide open 
for tire warm air of July; tire tamp* of lire 
street lighlcd the room. At tire open win- 
dow ant a figure d resi-cd iu white When 
Nina entered, tire figure row. It wa* n girl. 
Nina mw that she wax very young und that 
Imt eye* were beautiful. 

” My dear. " she said, surprised, " who are 
von? Ami wlmt are you doing In my room? 
Vidus* " — lier eye* wandered — " tin Inu you 
arc n ghost. '* 

" I am Vera." snid the girL 

" You are Vera! Who is Vera? Oh, I 
remi-mlrer " 

" You wore my flower* — you will let me 
love you. Oh!"— lire girl caught lier hand 
and kissed it — "you are so lovely; you are 
so huppy; I have never seen any uoe so 

"IS reeled and caught the bark of a chair. 
“ This w some dream.' sire snid " I am In a 
delirium. I huppy? And with tiii* letter in 
inv pocket? You are room to mock me." 

She citughl lier burning forehead with her 
linnd* and «nk renselm* uu the floor. The 
fever which had I seen hovering about her all 
day loug seized her in it* strung dutch and 
held her fust, so that for three tong w«-ks 
she knew nothing. 

The paper* m u day announced, with great 
concent, that Miss Cazalet wa* token ill with 
some kind of fever. Every body began to 
talk about tlx: bad ventilation and tire smell* 
of the lliestre. Nell day, und for many iluvs 
afterward, the street wns blocked with the 
carriages of those who came to inquire after 
tire actress. They drove and they walked, 
they left curd* nr they liumldy took an an- 
swer und walked uwny. Most of them 
brought flowers; Cotoii t' Garden wa* cleared 
out uiety morning; the Parcel Poal brought 
hoses of flower* tram all pari* of the coun- 
try. There were flower* enough to furnish 
the weapon* for u carnival. Hut tire recipi- 
ent nl all this sympathy lay unconscious on 
her lad. revealing to her nurse all the secrets 
of her heart. 

What lire paper* did not know wns (hut by 
the happiest accident Mis* Nina Cazalet hint 
obtained tire aervloes of a nurse more de- 
vntetl, mom watchful, more Jealous, than 
even the mast scientific Hisler in the im**t 
difficult can. of the mutt dangerous ward. 
For Vera stakl. 

VI 

I don't believe you care a straw what be 
cornea of Vera," said Audi Eliza. " What? 
Stic stays a»ny for three weeks, and you 
never so much n* ask where site i*. " 

" 1 Ihuuglit she was with you," replied the 
bead gardener. 

" Nothing of the klml." 

" Where is she. tlren?" 

"Htaying with an actress. How she got 
to know her. however site came to think of 
it, liow in the world - hut there's no aound- 
iug tbc urtfulucau of a girl." 

An actress?" 

"Oh. the girls iu good hands, I will sny 
that. Aii m-ircw,. I mild. Tis none other 
than Miss Nina Cuzulel herself. I've been lo 
the home. She lives in a moat laauiiful 
lint The furniture is finicking; lint tlico 
you can't expect actresses lo lurnlsh like 
pUin folk. Finicking, but pretty. The girl 
caiu« out to are me. Nlu.i Cazalet Was ill. 
and Vera is ubi»ing iwr. She was very short 
wlllt mu wh'Oi 1 nuiited to know how she 
got tlrere; Ihu never mind, some day site'll 
tell me. Well, now, I asked her what salary 
rile was to liave. Nothing at all. Then I 
asked lier where site took her meals- If 
ailed lived with the servants. 1 would have 
curried brr off then- and then. I would. Rut 
she doesn't. ItiNtids, I understand, wilb the 
family, treated like Hum, h*« wh»t the other* 
have, diet unlimited, und. so far as I could 
learn, pudding every day. When Nlnn Ca- 
zalet gets I teller. I shnil g<i and have it out 
wiili Imt Meniitliue, 1 think Vera's a lucky 
girl, nml you ought to be thankful, little tis 

"The girt," said the gnrdener. "is living 
with the family, and there's pudding every 
day Of coil I re u growing girl require* 
pudding: stimulates the growth, like a little 
made euiih. She's safe, and In good bands. 
In that ctise— " Hi* eyes went out ioto 
apace again. 

The only man in all London, not returning 
tltose who irever go l<t West End theatres, 
who did not know Wmt Nina Caznlrt wa* ill 
was Hie very young man who hud written 
that Idler. 'Why Inul he written it? Why 
«h> young men ever write cruel letters to 
young Indies? It I* the inexorable paler, 
When the jMlcr i* tbc young man docs 
what be likes wlthiitit i he formalliy of ask- 
ing ]wmiis*4oii . nor lines the |>alcr who Luts 
nidliing lo leave rkpevt to tie it-ked. ilolli 
are h:i|>py . llu-n-fore, ami tile** llM-ir poverty. 
This young man. unfortunately, had a paler 
who "was licit, and. moreover,’ Inul ah- dale 
power over lib money, which had been 
" made." Oh, the Ingenuity of man which 
make* money, securities, shares. hnnk-uoUs, 


gold, silver, ami bronze out of nothing— juu 
nothing at all! flee him in youili — naked. 
Ills hands empty, hee biin again fifty years 
later, laden with the money lie lias' made. 
Wbiil ft at of jugglery, what insrvc-l of sci- 
ence. cun (-ojiqwK: wfilt this transloi cuallon 
of Dolhiiig into everything? 

" My *.>a," mhi paler. Hm> maker. " I hear 
nolhing hut good of this girl. I shall not 
oppotw your marriage, became there t» no 
nonscuiir in ruur i*w slstul marrying ktc- 
m«th you. Yet. with your pru*|tects, you 
might have made a beginning of family con- 
nocHou. I innkc only one eumllUon. that 
she gives up tl*c Mage. I can't Itave a daugh- 
ter-in-law tuning every night. I tun sure you 
will acknowledge Unit I aui rensoltabk' If 
you were to nuirTy bir withant, you wtralil 
Is? plare.il in lire ignoble romlltlou of one who 
live* upon hia wifu's earning*. ' 

There fore the young titan wrote that letler 
He put It it* kindly a* Ire could, hut Ire put It 
plainly, tliiuking, iu Jiis fully, be bud asked n 
small thing: nnd be had an yet received no 
answer. Had Ire looked ul the paper* bo 
would have rest! that Id* mistress was ill; 
had In- gniie to tire club, be would have heard 
lire news. Hut lie did neither. He sat in Ills 
private room in n Bond fltm-t hotel, w.iiiing 
for a letter which came not. he roamed lire 
Mreel. melancholy, asking himself w hy be had 
been sireh a fool us lo expect that such a girl 
could possibly prefer suirii ii man ns liims<-lf. 
nml such u humdrum life as be had to offer 
lier, to the excitement of the stage and the 
practice of her art. Young men often a*k 
themselves such questions; but the n-piy is 
never lallafactory. Why w ns 1 such « fool? 
Echo replies. " Such it ii><il.’' How omild I 
have been such nn n»»? Anotlrerecbo, " Wuch 
iui ass," No; it b never a aaifeJactory 
reply. 

•' A young lady. air. wislww lo we you the 
waiter made tins announcement. " Won't 
tend up her name, sir.” 

" A young lady? No nanre?" 

"Quite young, sir. Child almost. Say* 
you must sec her." 

"Wdl. let her come up, H»od." 

A girl iliwsnl all in while stood In the 
doorway, looking curiously at him. (Julie a 
young girl, tall ami angular; long fair hair 
falling down her buck; big blue eyes Ami 
a be gazed upon him, standing there, while 
you might have counted ten. 

" 1 am nfraul." said the youth, " that I do 
not recollect — " 

" No. you have never «cn nre lieforc.” 

" Why do you look at nre so curiously, 
then?" 

' I wa* wooilcTiiig a* I came along whnt 
kind i>f man )ou were. BmUM either you 
must hr thu Isvt man tliat ever 11 veal for Irer 
to love you. nr it is a great condescension on 
her pin— and per Imp* ii great phy and shame 
nnd her friends ought to interfere," she add- 
ed. without to much a* a comma. 

" But who nrc ymt?" 

" I can «oc f n uii your face that it irn't for 
your cleverness tliat *hc love* you.” 

" Who lovro me?’’ 

" And tire letter in my picket proves that 
it isn't for your goodneaa, for only a foolish 
nr a laid young man could write such a 
letter.” 

The young man changed color. Then he 
threw himself into tieliair. " Well,” Ire said, 
"I Mippiw ymi will tell me presently who 
you are and what you wont-" 

"A man who *w not fooliafa, and was 
good when sui-h u gill as Nina—" 

"As Nina!" Hu sprung to hia fceL "You 
come from Nina?" 

" — When such u girl condescended to love 
him. would Ire so much honored Hint he 
would ask for conditions and not lav them 
down. Oil, to make Irer lin|q>y, who every 
evening make* hundred* of isxiphi happy, 
and sends them home lull of lovely thought*, 
i "ight to be happiness enough fot any mail. 
Hut you— oh' you— vou dnre lo make' condi- 
tions. A great genius is in love with you. 
nnd you order her lo give up her work. You 
pretend to love Irer. and yon— ‘ Here Vera * 
cyos overflowed, nml Irer voice choked 
" You come from Ninu? Tell me, have 
you a message— a letter— from her? Who 
are you?" 

“My name in Vent; but you do not know 
nre, I am slaying with Nina. I am never 
going to leave lier, whatever happens. Never, 
mind— never." 

She spoke with great firmness and reuilu 
uon. The young man guzni at her bewil- 
dered. 

*• Nina Is 111.” she weut on. 

"Nina? lUF' 

" She lias been III for three week* All lire 
lime she lias Iioti off Irer head, and lins 
talking about you. That is why 1 have cunre 
here." 

"Nina? III?” 

"Site lias come to herself again, ami slre 
)ms left off talking it lion I you; dial wns the 
first sign by w hich we knew — " 

“Nina? III?" 

"And I've mine alum! Iluti Idler nfymir*. 
Here it I*. I'm Imnowod it, but I musi take 
it hack. ■ 

•' Whnt am I to ilo?" 

Do you want lo make her gel well, or 
would yon rntlrer kill Iwt? Well, tlren, sit 
down nml write her anollrer letter. " 

•' What am I to say?" 

" You are to say you withdraw this letter, 
and tliat you are hilly rntriy aad s-Jinined for 
writing ii, and that you humbly la g for par- 
don fur insulting her with such a condliion. 
and hope the will forgive you. I wouldn't 


if I were Nina ; hut perlmp* she will, because 
alre is n great ileal I letter than all other women 
put tnge-fher." 

lie sat down obediently, hi* face flushed, 
hi* baud* trembling, lie wrote rapidly, oov. 
critic lire four pages. 

“There,” lie said, "give her that. Tell 
Irer— tell Irer If my life would Ire of any help 
to her, I would give her that. ' 

Vera lend lire letter without asking per 
mission Hlm-e it cones mod Nina's la-ddi 
ami ItapiHDess. why not? 

“Thank you. "she said "ll looks as if 
you were really sorry; of course yon ought 
to ta-. | dare ny she will forgive you. nnd 
let you conic and ms- her. I mil write to 

" No, no . T will call— I will call thi* after- 
noou. 1 shall he nhle to see you at lo**l 
Vent tut lied to go. 

" Slay!" he cri«d; "you Uiink I have been 
a brute.'" 

" 1 «lo," sire replkil. with tbc candor of an 
uns|H>iled soul 

" You don't umlersliuid. I have nothing 
111 the world except my allowHiice from my 
father, who l* rich. I have no profession, 
and no wav of mnking iiHxiey. He allow* 
me lo many Nina <>n the eoudltlon that the 
leaves tin- slap If she due* oot. lie will 
disinherit nre. 

" la that ail ?'' asked Vent the unworldly 
"You would rather keen the moirey than 
Nitia’’ Wluit n love I" 1 know not wlrere 
sire got Irer experirtiee or llreory of love, Imt 

tins is whnl wc said, with kit tioatenipi in 

her em 

" Again von don't timlersUml. 1 should 
then Ire in tire coniirnptitxlc ] huh ion of n man 
who lirew upon hi* wife.” 

“ Why? Are you too proud to do some- 
tliiug? 1 would mow the lawns and sweep 
up the leave* nolrer than do nothing,” 

" I am not loo proud; I am only too ig- 
norant. " 

" Would voii like to be tut under garden 
er?" asked Yen, llibikliig of her own pos- 
sible (Kill miagc. 

He shook hi* bend. 

■■ Whnt can you do?” 

"I can do ninny things, but nothing that 
I cun make into money. 1 cun shoot, I can 
fish. I can pUv games, I can rido— " 

A happy 1 hough 1 — nav, an inspiration— 
flariied aero** the girt * mind She had often 
aecu n envalende ride along the road— a troop 
«f half a dozen gin* with one man, riding 
He was thrir teacher. 

" Why don't you become a riding master ?'' 
“ Eh r Tire young man siartod. “ Why 
tint? I could tench riding. I will. I can 
not live up in Nina's salary. Tell her. child, 
that her husband rau..t Ire indcrremlent. Trli 
her that if she can Moop to n riding muster— " 
"I will tdl bor,” aidd Verm. 

VUL 

A fortnight lalt-t Nina lay on a couch be- 
side the window. She was dressed ; sire wa* 
ratihlly gelling better. People had left off 
calling; there were no more hulh-iins; tire 
procession of flowers Iwnl evused to encundrer 
Uio ndy*crnt road* Sire wa* liellrr. mid she 
was going to lake n long summer s rest at 
tbc mi - side. At Irer fert. in a low chair, oat 
Vera, gravely watching in ciure she might 
want anything. 

"Child.” said Ninn. who hail lrecn silent. 
"Ire came here thi- morning while you were 
mil, Noinxly couhl Is- kinder. He i* quite 
fixed iihoitl Irei oniing a rhling-iiMister." 

" You hiuglre<t again yosierday afternoon," 
mid Vent. " I heard you." 

•' Did wo laugh? \ mi lliought I waa nev 
er going to laugh liny more. Wbat cwu I do 
for you, Vera? t Hi. my dear child, w hat can 
I do for you who have done so much forme? 
You dragged me hack from the jaws of 
dealii ; you have gin-n mo life again— and 
my lover again. What can I give you?" 

Why." snid Vera. " you Ural showed me 
what happintMi means." 

I will play to you. dear, when I am very, 
very bapm quite happy. I don't want to 
talk nr to laugh, Imt lo play toft music. Peo- 
ple only laugh and make merry taouue they 
want lo Im- liappr. It is a sign. Old neople 
do nut laugh Uvit use there Is no more liappi- 
fn->-*. and huppy p-opk- never Uugli because 
they liave got all they want. 1^1 nre play to 
you " 

.She pUyeii for a quarter of an hour softly; 
then sire began to talk while she plnyrd 
' ’ I ahull Ire mi biqqiy that laughing nod .sing 
■ing will become a bunlcu to me Tlrey ate 
tire prelude, you know, only the prelude— 
like the overture to lire play. Tliat la why, 
when vou first knew me. you went hi attract 
nl You wen? made to eX|ieel MHUelhing 
which excited nnd ptatacri ymi. There i* 
only one kind of hnppincm in the world, and 
I have it thanks to you. Vera, thank* lo 
you." 

Slie turned her music stool, nnd In-Id out 
her amis ' Child, you arc nothing blit n 
latg of bom-s aud big blur eyes. That is I* 
cause you have spent yourself in saving me. 
Now I slndl make you grow fat ami strong 

'■"Well. Nina?” 

" You have odd me everything — all about 
your fntlrei nml your aunt, who i* a dear 
grind soul , but thi-rt- is one thing you have 
tw-vcv tohl lie- Where did you get nil three 
Imiutiful flowers?" 

Vera shmhlcreil. Three week* lrefnre 
she would not have sliinhteivd. "I took 
tlrern all." ohu said, "from the new toad* 

gT I'M 


140 


HARPER’S WEEKLY 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 178a 



Digitized by Google 


THE SIOUX I IIIEPS BEFORE SECRETARY NOBLE. -Draw,. uv T. ue Till! unw.-| See Pace 143 




FEBRUARY 21. 1MU. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


141 





ROBERT LEE MOHJtKLL 


SOME PROFESSIONAL 
AMATEURS OF NEW YORK. 

Kkw tilings have bwn mom relentlessly set 
upm boll fur wit ami easy sarcasm than die 
love— craze, it* detractors dull ll— for acting 
as tut amusement Tlic relation of Umj 111111- 
Lcur to hi* audience hu* been deacrihcd a* 
that which was established in the fable be- 
tween the hoys who threw the stones ami 
tbe frog* who reluctantly received Uiem. 
Yet. a* Dickens observed of weddlnga, “ there 
really is no great Joke to the matter"; and 
when the funny man lias cracked his hun- 
dredth link* je*t on the agonic? of the spec- 
tator*. the fact *lill remain* that numerous 
presumably aaoe people are willing to pay fur 
and go to Use performance* of their friend*, 
thereby plentifully benefltlug many mod 
meritorious charities. 

A* the Greek musician plaved together the 
8 to lies that hullt the wall* ait Thebes, so tlm 
nnnlcun of New York played tire Statue of 
Liberty part of the way toward it* command- 
ing pedestal on Iledluw's Island, and many 
a holplea? victim of disease or poverty ha* 
found good reason to bless the self sacrifice 
of these "arrogant incompetent*. " How 
much aelf sacrifice there productions cimI. 
few scoff nr* pause to think. A longtlrenod 
■cries of hard rehearsal* is not the brightest 
kind of fun. Tli« studying of a long part, 
the settlement of details of dress and make, 
tip. require and receive a* much attention 
from the amateur a* from the piid profes- 
sional. A Journey in the Iwwrt of winter to 
and from a distant suburb is not less physi- 
cally unpleamit became it is undertaken for 
the sake of adding to the funds of the local 
hospital, and the fact that considerable per- 
sonal gratification reward* these hardship* 
ah<mld not in reason affect ihclr recognition. 

Incapacity find* it* level among those who 
play so laboriously at playing as surely 11* 
among those who live by it. ami tlic actor or 
actreaa who succeeds in niaklug a tiaino 
among professional amateur*, with whom 
alone the public ho* concern, must pooreo*. 
lies ides 11 natural gift for acting, a stanch 
and abiding lore for anil interest in their fa- 
vorite art. Professional amateur* is a oaa- 
vcuicut terra, iu no wino ironically intended. 


ALBERT LA MONTAUNK 


for those ladies and gentlemen who without 
individual profit, not indeed without actual 
expense, are willing to pul their talents to the 
test of an independent paying audience, and 


who are justified in their courage by tbeir 
Mice*** • if such Now York make? a good 
■bowing in quality as well ax in mere num 
lien, and moat of Uic best of them have grav- 


IVKKT JANSEN WENDELL. 


hated to the Amateur Comedy Club, the moat 
perfect organization of It* kind in tbe city. 

It was founded in 1 HR 1 far the purpose of 

producing comedies only, in UDavowtd pro- 


test against the solid gloom of tlic romantic 
dram**, which alone sniblM the growing am- 
hitian of Mrs. James Brown Potter, ll isctim- 
poecd of thirty active member*, all gmUcmco. 


MK& DANIEL PAINE GRISWOLD AND Mlt WENDELL 





MR. MORKKI.L AH PICK WH 1 TONOTON IN TI 1 B 
BL HUaql'E OP THAT NAME. 


MR. LA MONTAQNS AH RLAXENHALQ MR. WENDELL AH THE CHEVALIER IN *‘A GAME 
IN “NEW MEN AND OLD ACRES." OP CARDS." 



EDWARD PALES COWARD 


who specially Invite tbe nccMstry ladle* to as- 
sist them, and of one hundred and sixty ukbo- 
ciate members, who arc entillcd to live tickets 
for each performance, hot who neither act 
Dor take any part in tire management of tbo 
club. A sinking light, bv llre-w ay. in thrown 
upon the supposed sufferings of amateur 
audirncc* by the fact that though the usaoci 
ate members pay more highly for the priri- 
lege of looking on titan do the actors fur np. 
pt-uriug. tire limit number and the theatre nro 
always full. 

Tlie yearly performances are three in num- 
ber — one at Christmas, one just before l.cnt, 
mid one after Easier. Among the plajs |wo- 
iluced have been A Srrap of hiper. The Snene- 
ftoU. London Aeenronee. und (hir Hoy*, nil of 
which call for clever acting anil careful re- 
heart*!, and all uf which proved liy tlrelr 
success to have received both in fall mensitre. 
Tire latest performance was given a few 
Dtglit* ago. when the " stars” of the club 
were ebuoen to do honor to lire occindoti 
Tire play selected was JV«*e Men and Old 
Aerie, a tender link comedy by the laic Tom 
Taylor and Augustus Dulioiitg, which in 
years |Hist served as one. und not the least 
notable. of the stepping - stones by which 
Mire Ellen Terry rose to her present fame. 

In this case comparisons srr niincn-sssry, 
as Urey sre proverbially objectionuhle: and 
If Mrs. Daniel Paine Griswold lacked some- 
what of lire airy audacity of Irer great prede- 
cessor In tire imrt of Lilian Vavasour, sire 
noli- wed it with a dainty bumorousnesa nud 
truthful pathos that waa altogether charming 
That this Isdv stoud out easily pie eminent 
among Irer fel low-act reMce tretrl u account- 
cd no disparagement to them, since as Mira 
Aiink' Kolie the gained in the stern school 
of professional work that precision und deli- 
cacy of finish which tbe fitful and leniently 
directed efforts of nnutleuni cannot liojre to 
supply. Apart fiom this unattainable unity 
nf purpose and effect, tbe ladies nil showed 
that llreir many previous y h idings to tlic fas- 
cination* of Uic foot lights had favorably de- 
veloped in t-uch an undoubted share of nat- 
ural dramatic ability. Miss Shipprn. Miss 
( leather, Mrs. Itllboine J. Roosevelt, and 
Mr*. Oliver Sumner Tenle have given plea- 
sate to many audience* and with Mire Oils, 



TUE PROFESSIONAL AMATEURS OF NEW YORK. 


142 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., KO. 1768. 


who liM, at lra*t temporarily, retired, and 
Mia* Elsie De Wolfe, who Un* ut length do- 
tided upon adopting the profession. have 
formed u ilrniig reserve of willing women* 
strength for tile imtubcre of the dub to draw 
upon. 

Mr. Rol«?rt Lra Morrell the oilier night «* 
Bertie Fit*ur«e wa*w> height, fiwb. noil viva 
ciou*. w» breezily Inn ish Unit il is <! iflii ul ! to 
ntctlve of Idm »‘ -i low comedian or old 
man , yet in the course rtf hi* six veins' prac- 
tice be tins lulled forth much rnihushisric 
praise in them lines. Ilis liluiidering John 
Duck in TUc JunJatr was an intensely fun- 
ny perfunminrc nnd his rascally old lloioii 
Cmralle in Tie J/inwjysjn’aitrr. a clever liit 
of charactcriKiliou. lie was fur mam years 
the manager >>r tin* Columbia College Dra- 
matic Cltlk and took port in numeroiM bur- 
lesques under its allspices. But nature ns 
well a» Inclination bus wist Mr Morrell for 
light eonirdy mid Juvenile*. bis T»IM 
Cbumpireys hi Our li-pe bciag n very nota- 
ble piece of work. 

Though he naturally extract* much enjoy- 
ment flolll that which he give*, be rninni* 
liis art very seriously', as * si inly rather than 
ainuseim-nt. mid it is to the instruction that 
hr has obtained from such BiMrft ns Francis 
Wilson. 1 liimi-l rirliwn, Dion Boiicicnult, 
and ralrer* thill hr owes IIO ense mid certain- 
ty uniiaunl i»i amateurs. Whcllicr in ibo 
end hr will lie lured iulo lire prufe-xinn is 
more thau doubtful: hut should il xi fall out, 
then- is a place iu melt |suts us Francois m 
ItirMit .i.tlie (h.vh in 7 A. Mail. firing. 

vie., which is sadly wanting mi efficient occu- 
pant. .iii.l which lie would fill to n nicety 

Next to Mr Morrell's Hrrtie, Mr. Albert 
La Moiitaclie * Bhucillmlg won tlir moot nr- 
llftlc rim) distinctive piece of nrling. The 
strikingly German • Jewish make up, the 
valor, accent, mi- 1 mauoer ronitiored to form 
u really life tike portrait of the stolid scamp 
which could not well have been improved, 
aud wlilell was tlir more creditable in its 
creator, since be Is this sew sun lidding the 
arduous function* of singe manager to his 
merely mimic duties. Mr. Ln Montague, 
like must of hi* colleague*, began his stage 
career when u student twelve year* up', with 
tin; extraordinary efTnrt of appearing nt tire 
Germania Ilall. now Tony Pastor's, in three 
different line* of female character, each in a 
different language - tlir lending Iniiy in a 
German play, tlir Infirm il* ill n Frencli one, 
and the souDfPtte in an English «nr. After 
this unnremlcnti-il performonce hr gave liim 
*lf u long rent, mid it was not until l*tw 
that lie emerged again In plnv the lead in an 
old master. He then JuiimsI tin- dub. nnd lias 
since established himself securely ns uu uu- 
wnntedly careful and clever elmmiiiT actor. 
fl« has "al*n playisl, among other Juvenile 
leads, Mr. Homy ion III .1 H“ppa ^ r,r *'• the 
Mr*. Hone Vt rat of Mis Griswold, and played 
H very well, hut lie in nt his liest in so mill'd 
diulect pnrls. nnd his Irishmen in especial 
are guile admind'le. lie lias in his lime 
played minty pari* for many charities, the 
IlS's-t noted bring the benefit given to Airs. 

, I mnes Blaine. Ju it.. whin ntliateurv and pro- 
fessional* Joined tlreir forces. I hi tlii* occa- 
sion Mr La Montague mnde a decided hit as 
the eccentric lawyer Kytein in Jtfry'r Direr 
non and further distinguished himself in 
preventing what might have liven n serioiw 
aeei-lent anil panir in lire parked theatre by 
pluckUy and calmly removing an aggrewlvr 
ty burning Inmp. 

Mr Evert Juiiwn Wendell. who pve much 
guilt dMItretion to lire stately old English 
g'-ntleinan Murniadukr Vavasour, is an actor 
of long eiperlenoe. having made Ids first ap- 
pearance us Mr. Worilt in InemmixitMtitg of 
Temper n» long ago os lwj-'i, and having art 
ed lending parts in various farces during rhe 
two following years with the Polrhytuninn 
Literary Soelcty. well known to NVw York 
school -boys of tlnit day. Hr carried Ids <1 ni- 
lunlii- tastes to Harvard. aiul nt. Cedric the 
Mu Ton ill n burlesque fnrshr »|vokr the first 
lines delivered un the stage of lire present 
A K. K. Club Tlreatrr. of wlilell, a* of the 
liaslr Pudding Club, lir »m a riisliuguidiid 
ineniW lie pill v id for them in various 
burlesques— otre of which, .ftuffia awl DMu, 
went oo n l»rief but triuniphant tour with 
the original company to Philadelphia. Bos- 
Ion. and New York— nnd hr took the part 
of the attendant on (Edipus in lire famous 
lliirvurd production of that play. 

He is an originnl uu-nilier of the Comedy 
Club, and aptH-ansI a* Kolreit Copper, the 
artist, in ITAiVJk i* lt‘Ai>4 .' at tin- opening per- 
formance In the oUl l' ulvenilty Club Tlreatre, 
osi February 13. 1BKY Hr supported Miss 
lie Wolfe at lief debut ill April, 1 886 , but 
I be must Interesting event in hi* dramatic 
history was !hr first production in America 
of Jerome K Jerome's paGicrie little play 
Hi rim in. iti March, Ihmx. when he performed 
Cecil to the Huriuirn of lliw Ailsa Cmig. lire 
M<m ih thtiiirr asaunMtl hr Mis* Ellen Terry's 
daughter, who made hr r first up|>ramnce on 
Hint occasion in the presence of her Ccle- 
lirut<-d motlrer. Yet anollirr (ir*t nppear- 
iiiict in wldcli Ire was concerned wax llsat of 
Mrs, Griswold's coirnnrr into tin- mitaieur 
ranks, after her retirement from tire piofc*- 
Mortal boards, Tlrey played IngrUwT tire 
comcdietln .1 lhi/'/'p fhttr. amt on another 
OCCiision GSIIs-rt’s S-o. I'lmrlt, l-otii of n hich 
excellent pcrforuuiuct s liavr Ihcij many times 

IK- liu» u very happy touch in light come- 
dv parts uu It as AlU-it de Kirns in li>i/>fr.y 
UVro and Tout C onyers in Wilhtml Lmrrr ; 


hut lie is nt least equally good in clMracter 
pari*. In* old Chevalier til .1 Hume if Curd* 
in pHrlic-ulwr being a inimt reumrkitlde ■ Ifoit 
<•! imikc-up *uii a< ting, of which Mr. William 
Winter wrote to a famous ingtslian; “IIU 
iiu]H r-oitaiKMi of the old Frrnrb nohlrmun 
is really iui imaereomtUau He got into the 
clmiuttrf and livc<| tbr-iugll tire rxprrirncr.'' 
Mr. Weudell is ofip-onl. a* a rule. ID appear 
lug id semi-prob ‘wumitl matinee*, hut he hns 
once ntaih- nn exception iu fnv<sr of little 
Tommy Rirewll. of wIhmii lie i* a dcvotnl 
admirer. Ollienriw his service* n* mi actor 
are at nil times at tire di«|reml of deserving 
ohjrcls, and arc very freely eUimed. 

Mr. Theod-iee Ilovobut, another popular 
character, gave much force to the scliemiug 
Bide of Mr Uiiutvr. but fulled to convey sum- 
cietdly the unwk of gnud bumnivti vulgarity 
twl cant with which that worthy cnuivaleil 
Ills parpoee*. Mr. C'lenilu r has plaj cd many 
leudiug parts with much applause, hut ha* 
not yet managed to shukc off a siHTnc** of 
manner ami awkwardacss of gesture that 
maned an otherwise coinmetivlable fierfcttit' 
ance. Mr Camp lent ht* experience to com- 
plete a singularly effective <w-t 

t>f tin- well-known amateur actors who 
hnve remained w il li-ir.it the fold of tire club, 
and who have no nets I of its prestige, lire 
most remarkalde U umlouhlcdly Mr. Edwur<l 
Fide* Coward, who, had he ls-n«k<-n himself 
to tire professional stage us Ire has mole than 
once been -trougly urg»*i to «lo— would now 
br among tire most prominent of our few light 
Comedians and lending juveniles, for he luis 
lire a peihirmingwiUi condilcral.lc htguwry 
dial ever-increasing effect far tight n-l I vents 
lit* Ural apiwaronco in 1 « 7 J wns in « l(iar)e>-pre 
with I»c Wolfe Ilop|* r. nt that lime aLsu uu 
amateur, nnd hi* latfw. n few »« k« ago, tit 
a dramatic rendering of Kobert liueimiisn'* 
dhmml poem, " Fnt Giacomo" lletWRO 
tlrese two impersonation* a bewildering list 
of parts unrolls itself, for during tbe inler- 
vciilng Unto Mr. Coward ha* played » inim- 
licr and variety that coukl lie equullrtl by few 
regular acton In these days wlren long’ run* 
prevail nnd stock coiiipuniea hate almost 
«'ea*ed to exist. " Kltini grave to gay. front 
lively to severe." hi* hidriotiie course Ira* 
Imm slurtlingltr devious. TlreGiiiwl in /hint 
lei nnd Betsy "Baker, iago. and Sir Evcrtnu 
Toffee in lire farce of ( hrrtmnU. Mac l.-.-lli 
and Ftllx FeUieratuno In Tht SuoitJmII — the 
lightest of light-comedy parts— /Ar.vV Hr nor, 
in Gill*rrt B play of Ihut name, and f-ijitol'u 
KM, ill a ( 'olltmhia < '<dlegc tiurlewpir so en- 
titled. he has played llrein nlL l’olonitis'a 
oft-iiuotcd company were "one putt" play- 
er* llxed iu iron groove* coMpared with him. 
We must add to tlii* repertoiy romantic 
dnilUR. fmck-al conns ly. farce, anil (iiirleMpie 
Iwfc-n* we can hope to include ail the oii« 
humlred and twenty tire characters Ire Iwa 
pHKMol. 

That any one man should play oil these 
diverse loie* with equal *uow*a is not to be 
expected ; that Ire should have attracted fa- 
vorable crauinent in most of llrem U suf- 
fldently renuikaUe; ilwt be iuu addeml 
high ami deaerved iiiumpli in ntanr i* a 
tempered exptvaaioa of Id- reputation its an 
amnlrur. \\ lien Mr* Jnnic* Brown Potter 
was winning the laurels which at length 
tempted her to lire profcraiumil atu^e, ire 
(■lisml the glrav eijuallv in )>nblic opinion, 
nnd be wish equal tame ha* aided and uliet- 
led Miss Ih; Wolfe on her any to tire ware 
dtwtlnallon With tire former ludv be made 
a distinguished mark a* I rogue, tire old nri- 
valeer. in Tir Jimiumee a /W Fminp -Von, 
a highly effective piece of Gage craft; an 
Austin Gray in The Old Ijm nml lie Xrtr, 
n brilliant hit of light comedy: and as llog 
lirinr, lire ruffianly old tinker.' in .1 .Vuutdirjil 
Marring*: while l.i-ModiisSu The Ilnurihaei, 
to tire Helen of Mi** lie Wolf*-, was a delight- 
ful exhibition of deiicnle humor, nod his 
Scmggin*. in .1 fup of Ten, low comedy 
that excited the hearty admiration of Mr*. 
Kendal Ainong'iimuy ollrer characters bis 
riliren Sangfroid in Hrhralr (Jmu ml , Prosper 
('humbly in M.r/u mj II anil the title ix'ilc 
in Orinjpnee may In- mentioned a* the nreat 
|R.<pular a* well us the mat artistic. There 
iimjr be rare who is somewhat Inclined to tie 
a f./v.AiW huiporu amateur urfi, and to la- 
ment tire (lev-lure of nvalhible talent, hut with 
so inurh genuine merit to rhianw front HO 
UlUllacbed projector of Ihenlrbwls need yet 
despair and though *ucli an rare may or dura 
not believe iu dramatic cIhIm. lire Comedy 
Club must conlinuc to bo eagerly supported 
by actors and audiences alike ns long as it 
k- < p* to Its present high -taudatd of persist- 
ent ami intelligent effort. 

Malcolm Bell. 


THE SIOITX THIF.F.S BEFORE 
THE SECRETARY. 

I.n * Hmuli room iu the building of lire In- 
terior Di‘is»rtmi-nt there was on Hnlurday, 
Febraory 7th. a < uriratsand suggestive gath- 
ering. None of tho— pre-rent were amused, 
oilier- were il dialed, oUreri were despondent. 
Pertiap* a few liMikn.l at it historically and 
phlh'-irphirnlly. ami found it intensely' mcl- 
nirelioly. Tht* turan was small, and crowded 
to Its ctpar u v. There wa» a desk ireur one 
cud . mid la hind it «at the vetn-mble Secretary 
of the Interior, with while hair nnd with an 
expression of alternate umu-curent and oral 
ceiu. Behind nnd around him was grouped 
a divGiigutdicd array of men and women 
high officinh utnl their wives and daughters. 


On tire other side of the desk sat a stolid, 
impassive company of strange looking men 
—men with copiier *ldn*. high clwvk Ih>h. 
prominent uuacs, and long, coarse blurk liaii. 
Tlrey were the Sioux chiefs come to *>,- il..- 
Grent Kutlrer; come to ask pardon for their 
Mn*>. come to ftwl Junllo- and mercy. They 
looked absurdly out of piucc uud out of bar 
tnraiy Tlrey were in mi office iu tlie tnld-i 
of eivili/jilinii, sitting on office cluiti* ranged 
hi raws ns at a lonu-hall meeling. They 
were not in buckskin, not gavly iHsh-ckea 
with fcallrerp. Tlrey wore cheap, ill lilting 
store dot Ire*, white aliirta.oM-fasniotied col- 
lars. curious urcktie*. They hdil in tlreir 
bauds "Idle men's lints. Young man-afraid- 
of his llorae. in tire full glory of war paint, 
with tluutiliug feathers, having nn hi.i lim k 
the udooked Insignia of the Indian Medial., 
iiinl bieutliing threntenings and *laugliler, i* 
il pielurewpie and terrible sight. Young- 
man nfrnbl-of llis-llorsL- M-atcd in nu offks- 
ebsir. wearing u ready mode suit, is unite 
anotlrer pererai Tire one i* an Imliiin chief, 
with 1 radii ions RIhI memories of a vanishing 
race onew free and noble and fi-arlc**. tire 
ralir-r is a noudeaeript, netllrer civilized nor 
bartwrlan 

Hut when you thick of what these men in 
tire cast off clothing of white men had lo tell 
of wrong nnd sorrow and Marvution. when 
you think how ehaprently they told it in the 
face of tire disadvantage*. yrai will see tlmt 
it was wul ns lire story of IxtrhnrUn* led cap- 
tive iu itomnn triumph*, ot a* tbe stray of 
Montezuma in the hand* r*f the 8|NtnbinIa 

Tire lime was when Indian chiefs, scorn- 
ful nnd supercilious, -talked into tire council 
clismlwr* uf tire while*, ami dtsnanded their 
rights, nmi more (ret hap* That wa* not *o 
long ago But mi- now lo vrhnl these kins- 
men "f Philip and Tecumseh are crane. The 
old-iiiue lvrtc eloquence wns there when 
Amenenn Horae spoke of tlreir sorrows, nnd 
Turning Hnwk told or tlreir wrong*. Tire 
ancient guile nnd ernfl were llrerr also when 
Two Strike, full of year- and caul Ion. coin 
plimraird tire daughteraof tire high official*, 
soil skilfully nvohlrd the weak points of bis 
people * conduct, Bui tire lioldncss. the cour- 
age, the spirit, were gone with tire paint and 
tire feather*, the U-ggiii* and lire moccasin. 

Tlrey plead for tli-e chance to become civ- 
llized " lire war |wtb shall he tw> more Tire 
tiMnnlinwk, lire pillage, lire warwhoop, tlir 
cuutioux trail over the true kies* prairie — all 
are out of date, as traditional as Cravpw's 
Mnliiruns. Tbe (SMtueil ftic U rxriinugrd 
for tire rtrnui radiator or a government of- 
Ihv Tire Indian affect* cigar*, aud laiva 
clothe* from Baxter Strirei. He wishes to 
ral*e crop* nnd chicken*, and to elect muni- 
cipal oflleera. Sitting Bull dosl mate too 
so re. David Graham 1’ittt.ur* 


SONG, 

Ton me the Ja*minc bud* an fold. 

And silver dni-ie* star the lea; 

Tire crocus lioaid* lire xiinset gold. 

And tbe aild ro*» lirvallre* for me. 

I fevl the top through the bough returning, 
I (hare tho skylark's transport Hire; 

I know the fountain* *ay»»nl yenrnlog — 

1 love, and tire world » mine! 

I love, and thoughts that some tone ericveJ, 
Still, well remembered, grieve not lire ; 

From all thst darkened and deermd 
I'prowrs lay spiiU free. 

Tor Mift tire hours re prat one story, 

Mng* i he sea one strain divine. 

lly «Umds arise all Unshed witli ghny — 

I lore, and tire woe Id M nilar! 


ADMIRAL FORTE If. 

The higlrest officer iu the American uavy, 
one of the great sea fighter- of our time, 
who shared with Fnrragut tin; honors of 
N’i-w Oibauh, with Grant the honor* of 
Yiokslmrg, and with Terry lire honor* of 
Fort PUlwr. dUsl at hi. Irene In Washing- 
ton oil tire Iffili of Felrennry. "His srrrirr 
whs i-t'l*V4»lenou*ly brillinnl mid aueceraful." 
said Firwuldit llairisrai. In lumogneing Ad- 
miral Porter's death to Craigr***. "Hi* 
»chh-vemrnls hare given him a |da<e anmng 
the foretiMMl of lire world's naval rvinnnnnd- 
era,'’ wtid Secretary Tracy in iirakiiig It 
known to the navy". ImUs-d, hi* sixty two 
yearn In out scrvtcr, preceded by cruisng 
under the (lag of MellCO. make up nil ex- 
Iraord inary story of romance, uuduclty. skill, 
and Micro*". 

He came of aallnr stock. Hi* great grand- 
father. Alexander Porter, (yinimnniied nn 
Amrrinin merebant-inan, Hi* gninilfxtber, 
David. »H* 4 aplaill of two vessel* •lilting 
the war nf the Krvuliltirai. suffered ru|givity 
on tbe British prUon ship Ju t*, with a bro- 
ther wire died there, and in Inter year* W- 
eiuue u salllng-masier in the navv. His fa 
ther was that fnitMiiaCnniinwIomDaviil Pra- 
ter who ci inmnlid-.d tire Kernel during the war 
of 1*12. nnd wa* one of the lino* illustrious 
figure* of our elder navy. The Commo- 
dore 'a hrollirr, John Porter, was also in tire 
naval service. Of tire Admiral * own btvi 
ther*. one. Cranmiuider VV. D. Porter, took 
part with his Ves-el. lire irun clad Kmrl. ill 
i be capture uf Kurt Lluury, and afterward. 


with lire same veasel. in the operation* 
against t ieksburg and Port HuiIkou An- 
ra her, Henry Ogden, wn* executive officer 
of tire /Jolt’ iii‘, suuk tiv Senune* in ibe 
Aleihonui Still airetln-r. Tlicodraie, a lieu- 
tenant iu IIm; Fourtii lufuntry, wns killed III 
the Mexn-an war. One of his Cousins, ('ap- 
lain David II . was nn offiis-r of the navy; 
another Is General Fitz-Jotm Porter, of the 
army. Nor will tbe honored name now per 
isb from the active list of ihe navy with the 
|ia**iiig away of il* uwM illustioms repre 
•eulative. It is continued there hv |«l< Minn, 
Lieutenant Thendorie Potter, of the navy, 
und Captain P. Prater, of the Marine 
Crape. 

Ihavid Dixon Porter first *nw tlte light at 
Chester. Pennsylvania, on the Wli of ,Iun*-. 
1813, while tire war with Great Britain waa 
gulug un. When eleven vriin old, Ihe Coin- 
mod WW took him on hi* cruise iu I lo- Jo An 
.Wswi, against pirate* in the West Indira. 
The voyage turned out to lie tbe lad - cntnineL- 
iipm his own sea career, since his fuiln-r, on 
returning, was tem|»iranly «>isperali-il from 
duty on the eJiarge of exceeding his older*, 
and Ihereuprai offered hi* service* to Mexico 
in her wnr of iiide|rend4'iioe agnkuvl Sixain. 
He was iiMih- chief naval officer, nnd young 
I Hv id n tnkl-hipmnn. in tire Mexieuu M-rvke. 
Thus luuticlwsl, tire lioy cruiMsI under the 
mnumual of lii*ciMt*in, Capuiin D II. Porter, 
ugainsl tire Sp»ni*h merelunt-nien, and sig 
ualiZt-d himself by vigitanre nnd good con- 
duct during tire crushing of n mutiny on 
IhkiiiI. At tbe age of foiirtrcn. he fought 
lit* fltet naval battle on the brig IJrrerrem. 
His cousin, lire Comnutniier. had miacked a 
Convoy of Spiulsh meix'hanl shi|w on the 
const nf Cuba, and white so engaged wa* 
blaisdf at tncketl by the frirnte /.-» I.,. ill, id 
In n (b'sjrerate liotth', Ca|iiaht Prater «»* 
kilUsl. a large jreirl of his eiew also killed or 
wounded, ami tlte remainder. Including tire 
mid'hiprunn. made prisoners. 

With Ids career thus begun heiitne*, the 
lad devoted bimwlf to it with alnerilv. Re- 
leased ft'im captivity, he relunicsl lo Mexico, 
arul tlrencc to tire Coiled Stale-, mol was 
tlreie ma<le a middlipmaii ill the imvy on the 
sd of Fehinarv, irttfit; whib- dre Commodore, 
(lissnliHlhsl with his eiperienee in Mexico. 
aUo returned Cruiw* in the frleutn Cam 
tJrll’ilioii . United State*, and Couprtm. aud 
hydrogmidih' survey work, with a routWten- 
tin) mission to San Di'anlugu, mainly oceu- 
ivied Ihe lime until lire Mexicnn wnr open'd, 
lie Imd tlren l*s-u a Lieutenant five year*, 
and in thnl grade tiwik |urt in the engage- 
itients n> V iw* Cm*. Tu-pan. nnd el-ewiirre, 
and lull command of lire little Sjnijirr Af- 
ter tin- war came Hie m»h fra the Cnllfornja 
gold fields, amt l.reiiieiiniit purtt-r, procuring 
a (ur)ongh. wns made a Cn plain In the u ni! 
strain-ship reiviee Is-lwd u New York ami 
Panama The commaml of tire Supply aud 
various navy -yard and ctust survey ret vice 
followed. 

And now the grant opportunity of Ills life 
had eomc. At lire raillireak of tire civil war 
be received the ('immnud of the PoteAalan. 
which nn* sent with n eon Toy of troO|» eatly 
ill April lfifit. tV'eafoi'ce Fort Pickens at 
lVnsarola Ilis coinniiadrai a* CoBUMUder 
promialy followisl tlii* w-rvier, April 22d. 
nndU' nn* tlren engaged in lilia'kndingdutjr. 
Early in IWK Parragut a*reiublrd his four* 
for the rnlitctlan ol Fwl* Jack-rat aud St. 
Philip, lire river tlrfeme* of New Orh-nna 
Cranntamler INirter lunl hern mlru-itsl with 
tbe purchase. ]irs-|ia ration, und as*ctn>>ling of 
a liorilla of about twenty srliorae-r*, each 
arim-il with a 13 ineh mortar, ami a Heet 
of war steamers to aceompimy tlreir.. SVIren 
nil wa* ready, tire mortar lawta. which were 
Gatiomsl about two mile* lielow tire fort* 
close nmh'r the wooded shore, with their 
topmasts bmnd with hushes to disguise 
llrem. om-m-d the nttuck. For six duvs. from 
the lath of Apnl to tire Slth. tlrey kept up 
tlreir fire, tlreir nlrell* averaging 2WKI a day, 
Then tire main M|iunltoo. umler Fnrragut, 
prrformrd its gallant aud ever menioralde 
exploit of ruunliig lire gnuntlet of the- Crai- 
feileratc forts ami vessel*, righting tbi ni im 
il |o.«mi 1. Tire fall of New Orleans wns lire 
iirevliahU- seqiiem*;. 

Leaving New t trienb* in cltarge of General 
Butter's army, which had eiMqierated with 
tire navy, Parragul nudird lip tlir river to 
V Ieksburg. There Porter'* n.ratur achouti 
er» !a- adtardtsl the forts, allowing the squad 
roll (o run by, and rattling from Purmgut 
lire encomium that the tlolillH had "never 
doae belter acrvlcv." Made eommamlrr of 
what wns known as the Mi-sis-ippi squadron, 
in place of Davis. Porter next oo-u|>cr«trd 
with Sliertnan In his movement agniurt 
Chiekusuw Bluffs, and sram after, in the ex- 
s ditUai against Fort lllmlinati, or Arksn-ws 
’oal. which be thudded with a very heavy 
Iminhardment. Tire fort siuramlercd to 
Met lernand with nearly WOO men. Grant 
had now begun oja-riitiiMi* against Yickx- 
Inirg. and fallnl upon Porter for aid. The 
first attempt of the Admiral wa* to force bin 
way through the Ykmmi Pure, which wa* de- 
feated by Ure activity of lire enemy. Willi 
mil a moment's pause Ire sought nnotlrer 
Mute— nn tire Yazoo to Steeled Ikyou. theme 
to Black llnyou. them e to Drer Crick, tlrenev 
to Bolling Fork. (Iiviic* to tin- Sunfiower. 
nnd down that stream The whole distance 
»im 'NH> nilks; hut after nearly reirehing 
Rolling Fork Ire found the way olMtritcted 
by trees felled In front. w hile the Iruop* who 
were to support him had been detayvd. 
Trees tdsu hud been lelled to cut off bis re- 


FEBRUARY 21, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


143 


treat; bait by day* and night* nf incessant 
work unit fighting be made hi* way lank, 
nnd saved Hits vwm-l-. Grant. finding every 
path Iwrmt uleive Vicksburg. determined In 
attack it from below. Accordingly Porter 
prepared to rim pn*t tbr Isitteries. This lie 
did on tin- night of the 101 li of April. l.-adlng 
thi! way In uU flag -Idp firtt fan. A heavy 
fire niu opened mi the licet. but J| WnS an 
ewered with spit it. and while every vcws-1 
wax struck, not one wav tnuc-h damaged. 
Being now Mow Vicksburg. Porter pro- 
cisxiril to ailence the (‘nitfetierale batteries 
at Grand Gulf. lu iIiih . iigugi-mcnt hi* 
own ship wan struck 4? time*, and had 
26 mm killed or wounded. The fall of 
Vlekdturg occurred on the 4th of July, 
1863. the pnrt of the navy having keen n<4 
otily to keep open lire line of supplies mu! 
rt: enforcement* threat ennl by the river hot 
•cries, hut to throw atoll* into the city 
Tin- latter task kept the mortar 1> nits, a* Per 
ter said, "at work 42 day* without lutc-rmi*- 
sii.n “ lie id*--. Undid Ini/e inin*. wliiih were 
worked in Die siege lines l»v naval crew*. 
Gin- linnior-niv incident of Portrr'* work luul 
been tbr lilting up of a dummy Iton ilad. 
made of a coal barge, with a funnel of nork 
barrel*, giving out a dense smoke. It drew 
• lie lire of the batteries u* It floated past. anil 
caused the enemy to blow up the gum of Ihe 
In&'rtHoU. which had fallen into their hand*. 
Tire thanks of ( 'ongres* were given to lilm 
by name foe th<*e tefvidM. and his commis- 
Non ns Hear- Admiral wils dated from (be 
surrender of the cilV- 

The remainder of the year was passed in 
keeping opeu the Mississippi iind In various 
expeditions. Early In the spring of 1864 
Admiral Porter win directed to co-operate 
with General Banks In the Red River expe- 
dition. The failure of Ifai* enterprise wa* 
complete, but Porter rc*i»-d laurels from it 
by Id* tactical skill in extricating hi* fleet 
from tbr dangerous position In which It bud 
been left by tho retreat of tire army, and by 
the full of the water in the tortuous river. 
Relief came through the dam devised hy 
Lieutenant • Colonel Ihiiley; ami after some 
sharp engagements with’ artillery on the 
I tanks, in which tire Admiral's little flag ship 
wna soundly peppered, be brought Ills fleet 
out in safety, 

Tire Last grant wnr achievement of Ure Ad- 
tnlrnl wa* tbu bombardment of Fort Fisher 
on Cape Fear River, wlocb hTucktd the way 
tu Wilmington. He had linen put in com 
maud of the North Atlantic Spiadnm. and 
asMemblnl a powerful fleet of <%4 v»wl*, in- 
cluding five iron-rlad*, Iiesidni mtiny trans- 
port* and More ships. On tlw- Mill of He- 
re in tier. 1*04. he silenced the fort* with a 
tranienduu* Ix-inlmrdiuciit from ■A vessels, 
bolding tire rest in reserve Getirml Huilrr, 
however, who commanded the hunt force*. dni 
not consider Uw work* sufficiently injured 
to justify an assault, and returned with lit* 
troop* tu Hampton Roods The Admiral 
strongly disarmed from tliia conclusion, and 
General Grant sent the troops bock for n 
second attempt under charge of General Ter- 
ry. <>u the Ifltb and 14th of January. 189-%. 
Porter renewed his boinlsirdmriit « ilb 44 
vessel*, ranged in a curved line, the iron clads 
uearest. Tin* firing wa* directed at the gnus 
of the fort, with most careful aiming, for the 
purpose of dismounting them The heavy 
firing was renewed on the 15th, mid then 
General Terry's troops, which had been land- 
ed. aficr very nllnul fighting carried the 
work* by assault. Porter had w-iit n strong 
shore party of 1400 sailor* ami MO marines 
•’to board the sea fare of the fort." and al- 
though thl* column was repulsed with heavy 
loss, from having attracted much of the en- 
emy 'a Are. it t*rrv<d u purpose. Admiral 
Porter now oore more received the thank* of 
i'uugrww by nittne, ami it wna the third «v-ca 
*Ura on which lie hail obtnined lliat distinc- 
tion. 

After peace came. Farm gut was made Ad- 
miral. a grade created for him. and Purler 
View Admiral; ami on tint 14th of August. 
18*0, at Fnrni gut's lieutli. Porter aucccedcd to 
the exulted grade of Admiral, with the ex 
pn-sa provision that it should la|sSC wliii Id* 
iucuinbcucy . While Vice-Admiral, he served 
with energy and succeos us Su|>erititendci>t 
of the Navel Academy lit* dutie* a* Ad- 
miral were not arduous, hut he kept himself 
lu formed of the progress* uiad»- in hi* profes- 
sion, on which he frequently gave leNituony 
before Committee* of Congre**. while also 
discussing naval topic* in lux annual reports 
and in |ieriodical literature. He lurried out 
also to be a prolific writer. publishing nut 
only a life of his father, u ilieb-r* «/ the Air rg 
in the Hire iif fie RrWtion, and /•iriikult mid 
Arnedutn of the Ci til Mar, but a novel called 
sliVsin Iktrr Hurt H'/farl It JfiitMr, and *till an- 
other work, Hurry Marline. Tlieto hnd four 
were all published after be had natrlusl the 
age of seventy two. The year before last he 
celebrated the fiftieth nil » I s enary of hi* mar- 
rlage to tint daughter nf Commodore Patter 
son. a ho survival him, w ith tlwir four sons 
aud two daughter*. 

The carter of this famous sailor owe* it* 
MtL-cma to a combination «f boldness, energy, 
inventiveness, and knowledge and love of hi* 
profession. He was full of resources, atltl 
not rest down by temporary buttling* He 
was quick to appreciate and use any *uggv*- 
tiua of subordinate* He cartel link- for pre- 
cedent. and wa* little trammelled by c-onmjr- 
v alitor. A* on enterprising commander In: 
will always hold a high place in the annals 
of hi* profession ansi in the udiuinUiou of 



AMATEUR SPORT. 

The rkm>li rtoN contuhno ruoi-tm.s j n 
l»ixing contcMS to mrelal*. uim! limiting tlieir 
value to twenty dollars, passed by tin- Board 
ft Governor* «If the New York Athletic t'lub 
last week, should l«e engraven on tablets of 
hronre. ami mo»pn-u»n*iy dtqdayed in the 
committee- room of every athletic club in 
America Walter <1. Schuyler, as president 
ami chairman, and every’ nu-mls-r of hi* 
Athletic Committee have earned (be warm 
gratitude of all inlrmtad in the prosperity 
of amateur sport. The anion is ]t«rtieu]arlV 
gratifying to me; for Hie past two years 1 
have l*vu ixmxLantly advising sni-h n course, 
and have stood alone, at least publicly, in 
condemning the unhealthy condition of these 
Ijunei amateur CompelitluM The altitude 
taken at las* by this powerful club mean* a 
deliverance from the cankerous influence* of 
the srrai-prrifrxxionai clement that wax creep- 
ing into our recreation*. It preaches reform 
and purification, it awurcs it* tint tlw bey- 
dnv of the mug hunter box WHued. ami that 
no longer finding the manly art— rave the 
murk' -under the protecting wing of our 
club* pmfliiible. he will gather In hi* lieticli 
ini-n and xinurb off to the Bowery, wlu-u- In- 
la-longs. Tire Initiative taken by the New 
York Athletic Club will lie followed hy all 
the larger clubs— it must Ik-; the Mtuiholtan 
Athletic Club ennnot uffnrvl to Itarlstr what 
it* rival spurns, aud. Indeed, if 1 voice Hie 
sentiment of tho Xuntmtlau Athletic Club 
members, nnd 1 believe I do. H hna no wish 
to do *o, The Athletic Club of tin; Scl;uj I 
kill Navy bo* not found it necrsxAry to go out- 
side of it* membership for boxers, and there 
fore has not Item an offender. The Boston 
Athletic Aswiriutiou lia* umiiagnl thux far 
to steer clear of tire obnoxious driftwood on 
tbr nthlelic sea. lliougb there ltax been nr. 
undercu treat working to take in athletic 
member* which I hope will lie nlmnlutely 
turned by the better sentiment that st-ems to 
be taking powremion in athletics, 

Commemva B i.it a* it i*. this action of tire 
New York Athletic Club is hut the first 
move of a number that must yet In- mode ere 
we bring athletic* up to the stum laid of sport 
bare aud him pie. It is folly to combat tire 
tnflueonr of llic better element Ju*t a* cer- 
tain as grass grows and water runs »tt surely 
will tire gcntlenun in sUtlsttcs. in sport gen- 
erally, If Head tire refilling Influence of Iii* 
prescuce. and drive tbc undwIraWc clement 
to it* pr«|>rr sphere. I raid l.ut week tliut 
there I* not room for two kind* of athlete*, 
at lenst net under nmnteur nnspiees. and tut 
the man of culture rise* above liL* feilom in 
thi- daily uliife of life, so will Ire also in hi* 
pastime*. For the past few yearn there fans 
liron n very strong Irmlt-ncy sbowtt lu our 
large club* to look loo mueb upon tire ath- 
lete* a* performer* for the clubs' c"|k-c»sI 
plcnsure. This works great liana to the 
cause, nml Is to Ire attributed entirely to lire 
manner in which clnh* have been enrolling 
athlete* with no eoiisld.-raliou wbntever of 
their social fitness. I am hy nn means ns- 
hunting that every ntiik-te hliould have Ireen 
liorti with a silver sjxir.n in hi* inoiith, Intt I 
him advocating that every athlete shouhl lie 
n gentleman, ami it rests entirely with the 
club* that such shall Ire the case. There i* 
an unlimtuxt Held in n score of already etc 
Inblislinl chibs where those tlml find lire so- 
ciety of gentlemen uncongenial may disport 
themur-lvrs on the track to the delight of tbolr 
" ladl fretis," or slug one another for tlie 
ptiMi-Hsiixn of a gohl watch or Milt of clothe*. 
There i* no reason why these people should 
mu have their clutw nod their fun. hut tire 
future of amateur sport in this country doc* 
not dc|M-od on their omittance, ami weito not 
wish to «oe thetu in the New York, Manila! 
Ian, nnd kindred club-houre*. or sw aggering 
about witb their club emblem, 


Raiii a wxu xxnwx atiii.etk to nre n 
few day* ago. •' Wliy don't you most Uk'ixc 
fellowxY" “ VYluit feflow*?" [‘asked. “Tliose 
fellows that are working the expense resolu- 
tion, ami want to cut ptixe* dot* u to medal*. 
It will ruin alhletiis. None of it* will run 
for a nuslal What cun we do witb a med- 
al?" Konst? Hear me* I wixli it were pos- 
sible fot me to do * hit of moating to my 
own liking I should like to turn the spit 
for a fen NUMk. It Would Ire a day of 
l.'Unentiilion for mug hunter*, imported ath- 
lete*. and mUMla iiapn-rariix. Rain ntli- 
leiics' Fancy tbi* claxa of men ruining any- 
thing except live claim to icxperiahilily of 
one *rcn in their society! (»m- might with 
iHjunl -renw talk of a scavenger's cart ilcpo|>- 
ttlating a city hr pn*x| n g through it* street*. 
Tire iM-w»]siprer% are continuously vein ilaliug 
the ciwnpialnt* nf a certain clam of athletes 
over tin- i>ri>p'i«ed expense rexolntlnti ami 
limiting Of pri/.ra. WlMI (rearing bn* the 
diraatixfnetina of these men on the future of 
athletics? It 1* a good opportunity to get 
rid nf them. Uoforiiinately it looks very 
much dow as though there would Ire no detl- 
nitc legislation nu tbour two queMiott* until 
the n'orgnuixatiou of the Amateur Athk-tic 
I'nioti, tci Is- cffceteil Man h l*tb Now thst 
reformation, started hy tire N Y. A. C'.. ha* 
s«t in, however the several club* will work 
out iltelr own ralvulion without the aid of 
tire A. A. r. Indeed more Bond can Ire ac- 
complished by one or two of our Urge club* 
than hy a half down weak-kneed A. A U. '*. 
It # all very flue to indulge iu do* cry post 


prandial xpmdiex over the ■‘great work” 
that the Amateur Athletic L'riion lui* done. 
Iml as a matter *>f plain fact lire life of tire 
A. A. T ha* Isren iui extremely insipid and 
iru'ori-i-ti ut one, relieved hy an occasional 
spasmodic though hoprtam effort to wake 
up Krereutly it Itaa quite surprised ll*re|f 
by iu vigilnu’re. It likewise r idled Kurprro- 
U|*iD nil of u* when Hairy Frisk-rick* nod 
one or two other pr«fe*siniinU were recently 
reinstated ns amaleura. In tire tin nil time 
Malcolm W, Ford remain*, so the A. A- T. 
say*, a prcifesdonal. Consistency, thou art 
indeed « Jewel! 


Of cot'iuK Tin; t.Acttrauilc l'l..vTRtw Hint 
were suspended by tire A. A. I', for cmnnet 
ing in tire Madison Si|unn- tnuninmrnt lost 
month are etitering strong pleas for rein- 
xtatement. basing tlieir claim for recognition 
on the ground of luck of Intention to err. 
Ignorance of tire law is not recognized in 
tire court. Tire most reprehensible feature 
«f this tournament. In my opinion, wax the 
fact of its briutr given by tire "mating** 
men t "of the Mtuflaou square Garden— In the 
snow manner in which they Hie mouth pre- 
vious put on n large ballet— not iu lire inter- 
est at sport, but ns a money-making scheme. 
Indian*. Ion rale professional play ere that 
gave a wretched exhibition, were' brought 
down to play, nnd it was advertised that 
"pieces of Jewelry valued nt thirty dollar*" 
would he given every computing aluuteur. 
The amateur instinct of every playi r slMaihl 
have kept him away from *uch a liipfav 
drome: that falling. 'ids club shouhl have 
prohibited his entry-. Tire sinning is more 
Hgiiitret the ntuuteur principle llutu tire A. A. 
1‘ ruling; if it were poxxible. the men ought 
to be fined, and their club compelled to |ny 
three- -qtiaricre of It. Aa Hurt k* not po«»|t4c. 
they shniiUI continue suspended to jog their 
memory as to wltat an amateur should ami 
should not tlo. 


The rampant recrimination In which 
the devotees of the A A l’ l i — e- ball a**o- 
rfallon mid the American linse Iwll I^eague 
an- indulging is highly amusing to tlum- of 
u* without lire clianired circle. It b likewise 
Ihoroiichly Instructive Tim hone nf con- 
tention between lire two apiieurs to he the 
conclusion tw to which ri the better amateur, 
the difference senning to he tint oim- pars 
x>me of It* player* and acknowledge* It, 
while tile other, doing likewise ill til* liret 
liuinncv, fall* diort iu the M*-ond. It b folly 
for these two organ i/ai ion* to waste vnlunlila 
time in spotting at one another ; IhiIIi have 
done some g'«d in tlwir wny. nnd i-nn do a 
great deni more. The l.rngur ha* really dune 
» great deal f«-r tlie nine. Until it* formn- 
tinn amateur bate Iwll win very corrupt , 
player*, rapeclatlv bnttcrWi*. tliut hnd Ireen 
out mid out pro/e*i*lonnK. were recun-d hy 
eutcrprldug Huln. ami parmlcd a* amateur*. 
Wlu-n the Amateur l.eague was formed its 
supporters hrlievesl Ihe lre«l way to llimltle 
the growing evil wiw to countenance the em 
pUiynicnt of witii pmfi-nionul pluhrr* ami 
cnU-licro. ami tlx the most stringent rules re- 
garding all other |xixitiotis. The plan work- 
ed excelk-utly. and no dub lu the League 
employed a profeMional when a good amn- 
tear could be I tad. .Skilled amateur pitcher* 
nu*v be kitutciI from linre to time lort it I* 
weilnigh impm*iblc to And li conijK-tent man 
outside of college who Is w ill ing (o go lu-lniul 
the lint and run tlie risk of liavinr hi* I, nnd* 
knocked out of shape ; n* a conw-qm-ire* nil 
the fxngne cliilw have employed rnichcr*. 
Now when the Amateur Athletic I'nioit 
Inst year stepped on to the l«*r l«ll floM 
with tbc very eomnu ndahle desire of still 
further purifying the gome, we rather ta- 
per led grcal results. Its first season was (li* 
np|M>inting; Ihe game It |Hit up wax good 
r-nough. but it almost immeduildy deaertod 
its colors, anil in a few weeks wa* as much 
in the mud a* tbc League wn* in the min-. 
To my certain knowledge two nines hnd 
player* that were virtually paid, while the 
reinstatement to lire amateur rank* of a pro- 
fewriotial pUvi-r for the la-neflt of one of Hie 
chit* ciTuteu great iHxaatisfnclioti among lire 
others. Now tlw- lesson to Ik- liiuglit from 
Ihi* is; If tire Amateur Athletic Union i* 
going to hare strictly nmuteur Inse-lwll. nnd 
inakeo ntk-* accordingly, it ntusi ksepasharp 
lookout that thnae ruk-a are lived up to, luul 
It are sufficient courage to disqualify any 
club that offend*, otherwise protestations 
are valu, ami the A. A. U. ofllchtls Irecotne 
Ure Inugbing stock of tbo atlih-tic world. 


f'oi.t;xRu mas riXALLY iidopted a policy 
wtUi the eamUdaUa for it* crew that will, l 
believe, permit of its making a much better 
showiug than for several years— nt least two. 
That ever- recurring fallacy of star worship 
was (x-rtolnly the ffleana of wrecking Its pro- 
peers Inst venr. Tlrere arc several nun in 
Columbia that are good ourstnen. ami gem-r- 
ally tbc first official net of every craw rnplaiu 
is to seek them out ami implore their aid 
Consenting liulf-bcurtedly. they train imlit 
fcrently. are Absent fmiueutly. and are un- 
MlUfaetorT first, last, mid always. I AM year 
the crew itrpi-i.drd on men of this kind, nod 
at lire last hour »«* dlMppolated. Slidvwl 
stars are hmken staff* laorad for any i a plain 
to rely upon, aiul 1 congratulate Captain Md- 
i alf for tire rare- good w-iise Ire i« displaying. 
It* m- filing by the experience of la*l vewr.at*d 
that also of ihe fool lull kenaou. he Itns total- 
ly ignored Ure existeuee of the stars, and de- 


voted himself to getting together enmlidntc* 
tli.tt arc sound, baveaomc ku iwltxlge of row- 
ing lire in bunn-iny. and dt-'ermlned to p«it 
tin- cidurs of their *i/iw*r muter to Ihe front if 
poskililc-. Give me materia) -if this aort and 
it reasonable time fur cuaeliing.and you may 
1 iav«- all tin- self optukuininl *• nr» Iii ihe land. 
I advised both Captain Metcalf and Conch 
Melleu to look pnrllciilai ly to lire training of 
the crew ; n mao must lie in perfect condition 
to pi. II hi* I rent onr. himI Columbia ha* been 
deficient in this respect too often. 

It t* not iifTM my plenaure to follow an 
athk-le front the bo|w-H nml amMlbms of the 

f ;ridiron field onto lire more restful Inti ci|Uul- 
)' uncertain m-n of uuiti imeuy . But lire oe- 
nisioo of •Jerry" Black's marriage tu Mi»« 
Church i» **> flllcsl with ixitlrelk- interest tluit 
I twn no* pass it unnoticed Every eolk-ge 
limn knows Jerry Black, of Frineeinu. tlur 
strongest lim- hn-nker. 1 believe. | ever saw. 
There ure mtiny fis it lmll jdavrr* w ho enn get 
thriiugh a rualttr Hire If tlieir furwnnU gi»e 
them n boh- the size of a horn door, hut few 
that eau make their own pathway n« coukl 
this plucky lialf hark. I have seen him fight 
III* own way for n live yard gain wlim his 
mslicrs were unable to make tire opening fur 
him. Lust full he was itiiureii, and the 
Princeton was Badly crippled without him 
Mira t 'hurih. who U an exquisitely iN-amifiil 
girt. U the daughter of the well known artist 
K S. Cliurrli. and though in rsmsunipiioii. 
has atood up bravely under it* undermining 
iiilluem-es, tli.it she might yet remain with 
those BearvM and dcureu to her. A few- 
weeks ago, however, her plivsk ian onlcrvd 
Irer to Florida. IMcrndned -lie should have 
the lirat of rate. Irerjfruwv propured lire ha* 
teniug of their tuarringe. He lus-ordiugly 
left college, and tire cch-many wa- |rerfornx-u 
at a day's noiies- nu the Slh of this month 
Mr. ami Mr*. Black li-ft at oore for lire South, 
and it i» the ih-nrcst wish of nil who know 
tlrem l Ur Mr* Black uwy win tan k her lirallli. 
anil that her husband limy still have the lime 
to j' csmcli," if not play for lire coining elevens 


The nunuc-MtATtxa ■ hampionsblp Meins 
a* far from realir.ntiou iu lliougb it were 
early fall, am) yet Guy trll us our climate is 
nut changiug. When wc an- sufficiently 
favored to tiring off the event, it It likely li- 
prove the most interesting for some time' I 
am 1. siting for the closest contest between 
leiui* l{ubriislriu, the present champion of 
America, and G \V. I'lilllirm. N. Y. A. C’., 
they liave ever bud. Indeed. | iucline to tlw 
(relief tliat Hie latter will win. The margin 
of diffeirnev- Ik- tween tlrem lias always been 
Very small, being but two points the hist time 
Grey came logctln t Moreover. It should »• 
taken into eonskUTulion that Hulienstcin has 
lull util ly inure pruclkv every winter whirli 
means everything In " place" skating Ru 
Iren-ti-lu in not to he riiuultcd. In any nothing 
of being exrelksl , but in nil other movemeaia 
l’ldllip- equal*, mid ill liiiuiy greatly surpass 
cs. the Canadian In point .if grace Ruben 
Weill N out of it. lie has, in fart, an ex 
trenrely awkward style, and tbi*. it neeinv to 
me, Giuuhl ire taken largely into considers - 
lion — a gt cat deal more so Ilian it b. In 
every tsmprtiiSon I n-enll, except where the 
object l*1o(vivera«li*lnnri-. grace and flnerar 
riHistiiuie iiii|Hmnnt factors in theawurdof 
ptfze*. Why they should not in figure skat 
tng, where Go- qnlutc-scuce uf that quality is 
ucccratin , i> uuoiiTounlable. 


Tn»; TENTATIVE RKKoirr of Inst Mimmer to 
introduce pony- racing In ihls country, under 
tire uuspice* of tire American Pouy raring 
Association, was fairly auctessfuL inure be- 
emisu of the prestige it gained front Gic a- so 
elation of the geiilleou-n that nourished its 
fcrMe dnys Umn from the sport It afforded. 
There Vaa, lu be sun-, some excellent sport, 
but the general feeling was that of * holiday - 
making win-re everything was admuaihlr. 
To establish tin- *|ioft on a sure and sulutau 
tial Ikl-is, I am of lire opinion several radical 
change* nitt-t made. . The aiwreiation 
bold* n mi-etiitg shortly ami I rather ladle vc. 
if It will sun mi its member*, a majority will 
tic found eoneurring with what 1 liuVC to 
say. First and foKiaQM, If lire sport is to 
i-ncmirage geuilevncn to enter and rid* their 
jiunk-*. professional jockeys, gnxinis, nnd 
stnlde lmyw must, under no tunslileratusn. be 
permitted to rule. A gi-ntk-itiiin does not 
wiGi to put up a leg along!) hi* of hht neigh 
lior s gloom, or some winter track skate navi- 
gnt-ir Again, if genii, men are to be en- 
couraged, the wrights mu*t lie mind ; some 
of those published at the lost meeting iu the 
fall were ridiculously low. Tlrere arc a few 
that ran gel down to them, lull the average is 
far above, and one certainly dow not care to 
undergo a course of training to reach weight 
Moreover. »* there Is no time taken, lire 
prime object Iseing sport, and the poulix are 
eu-ily aide to enrry 170 pounds, what U lire 
obji-ct in ending 'down tire weight? The 
third suggestion is the ehnngiugof (be rule*, 
so Gist » |«iti> regl-rervd wllli Ure Alnerimn 
Pony -raring Avsuciatii.it may run at other 
meeting* without being divpialified. 1'he 
present ruling must jnrvltahly l» cbsi.gvd 
eventttaiiy if the promolen. of the Americwu 
Pony- racing Association wish BUroeM to 
crown their efforts, olherwire it will always 
leiitain as it is, a purely Incut affair livid to- 
gether by social ties rather Ibuu those of gen 

Cabi'ah W. Wutrm 


144 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 178a 



A DM l UAL DAVII) IX rOIlTEU. — I'hotooraiukd by Oku.. WASirtstrros.— [S ee Pack 143.] 


THROUGH THE WEARY HOURS 

Of many n algid, nmilr doubly long by 11a pnitrartnl 
agony, the rlinamallc Mif<«c-r tow* Ui ami fro on bl* 
ctmrh, aalaly praylac Inc llial r=*t wliltb 
DO It tumm by Hi* bimI alnrl. HU malady la <Hio 
■ li.-l, ordinary BWillrinni too ultra foil la nllnv, 
but tberc U atnpU nlJauea to pro»« that tka cfflowiil 
blood dcpurviil. BiaWItfl Stomach Bilbo. affuida 
the rhvnmutk a reliable mam of P v -Ul Chixk Ibo 
mala)/ to lt» lodplriit Mat"*, wlirn the But pittam. 
Itory twlngta cooia on, wllli ihb. agmable medicine, 
anil avoid join of torloni. IVliim-i be Hie rulbaa U 
o( the acUro tolinwc* of the Ulster* upon Hite malady, 
certain It lr Uiat ao cildcncc rrUtltg la It* t€«l la 
more direct and porltlve ttau Hint which relalia lo 
IU acUon la cun of rbramMltm. l.lk* all alurlla* 
rented Ire, however, It d oarer r* a protracted. »y»t*tu- 
allc trial, aad ahniilil tad bo alund. <i>mI brrauat hot at 
once remnlUL It b a<|uall)r etScadnoa In dytfvpala, 
linl grrtluu, and lOuired dlacaaca.— [Adr.| 


Amimiria llktvra, endeared by pliy.lcUm and 
(bcDliU for jrauij and wUolteuutcutte.-I.Mi' ) 


IMPROVED TRAIN SEEVirK BETWEEN 
Pnil.VDEI.Pim ANU ATLANTIC CITY 
m PENNSYLVANIA KULKOID. 

Wrrn the now achcdulc of the Wot Jcr- 
a*-y and Camden au<I Atlantic Railrowts go- 
intr into effect on Suttirtlnv. February 7th. 
the train service between Philadelphia ttnd 
Atlantic City will be greatly improved. A 
new afirrnuoQ tipm* will leave Market 
Street Wharf at 3 00 I’M., nrriviug at At- 
lantic City m 4.25 P.M . and the express now 
leaving at 4 10 P.M. will leave at 4 00 I’ M. 
Tbn 4.00 P.M. i* the New York connection, 
and on Saturday* it will run in two aectlooa. 

The train now leaving Atlaniic City for 
Market Street Wharf at 5.00 A.M. will leave 
at R .V» A M- and arrive at Philadelphia at 
10 30 A.M. A new express running via the 
Went Jrney line will leave Atlantic City for 
Market Street Wharf nt&lo PM. week-days, 
and u new tHinday cxprcaa at 0.00 P.M. The 


week day express now haring Atlantic City 
at 330 1' M. will leave at 4 4-*i P.M. and ar 
rive at PhlUdelidiia ut 0 '.’0 P.M. A new 
train will also leave PhilmU-lphiu at 030 
A.M. for Millville ; returning, leave Millville 
at 6 10 P.M. f >n the same date the New York 
nnd Atlantic City Kiwi express will he Blared 
ID service, leaving New York on week-days 
at 1.50 P.M., running via Camden. The east- 
bound train leuving Philadelphia. Market 
Street Wharf, at 10 Oft A.M. and arriving at 
New York at 12.40 tvoou, will prove a great 
convenience to budnrst men and residents 
of tlic lower section of the city.— [.Mr-] 


Dll. LYON'S PKItPKtT TOOTH POWDER. 
WhlWBa Uk laitli aud partita the broalb. Be.— [Ada.) 


BROWN'S BOIISBIIOM* PANACEA, 

"THE OltKAT PAIN RELIEVER." rorr. 
Cramp*, a*»c, cold*; all |«U a Beta, abulllu.— lAAe.J 


ItHS, WINSLOWS SOOTHING SYRUP 
i Imi um >4 Mr .*vpt Itrv yei.r* by ti'lltbm* 
licit children u lille trvtldatf.wl 


•nrr»» It •. •>(!>.. 
all finlii, tine* wiud colic, and la Uic treet remedy h 
■IuctIkm Sold liy drnggln* in awry part of lb 
world. Tamil) dvaccala u buttle.— [Ad».| 


ic <w#t reined* hr 


t firnuiW r«tl«' were Intrcalaced. ai 


h baby m . r - - . 

a abc ntm A Child. ►** ertad (ur Ca*fnrit, 

When ahe bream* Mire, .he clang to Cnrtncta 
Wbui she bad Children, abc gave tliw Caacotia.— 
(ddr.l 


T«* Bert Worm l/uwngiw lor t'btlilrrei arc Brown > 
Y*raalt«C« Camilla, St a box.— (Ailr.) 


Bream-* Ptavnciw* Fimnc »rr Intarlably 1C- 
luwwlcdgcd tbr pineal oud beat [Adi ] 





NOTICK . — The Sherman Funeral Journey from New York, with Scenes and Incidents along the Route , and the final 
Ceremonies at St. Louis , will be Illustrated in the next Number of Harper's Weekly. 



140 


volume xxXv. ho. iIm. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


HARPER'S MAGAZINE 

FOR MARCH. 

The Literary Landmarks ol Edinburgh. B.» l.o »»«t 
Htnoy. With >ltt*ou illuctrslHiibt, •iiawn b* Jre*ra IVx 
BULL 

American Leads at Whist, and their History. By X. B 

Tsmt. 

or loi.-tv: *' *wln« It-V work of llir Mrlgnwt.if of AmcTitss 

•ndl»b," nod »erv|ilrd bj >11 admired pinyt-i* i» RngtssU »nd Mtrila. 
Wessex Folk. A Mary. By Thomah Haaar. Part I. With 
iDiiMntioii* Ur I'm., mi.ic* riser ex and Aikhiu* Pauwna. 
Comedy of Errors. Wilh right Hhiei rations (iariiaUng finu- 
ciqwrvri hv Kiwrtx A. Aaary. Comment In AxM*w LtM, 
The Argentine Capital. By Tmkihmuw Ohuh With UtlHetai 

i.ls-tr.itinii-. <|ninu by V. A RllMUHT, II. D. Nll HiMA. (lid 

Emu mi II. U taincn 

Mood s. A poem By W . I). IIuum.i *. 

In the “Stranger People's” Country. A story. Hr 

CutKLKM Eomsr >'K4HoncK, Part III. lllnrlrated In W.T 

basin. 

The Chinese Leak. By Jrtits Raw*. With four UfaMra- 
lion*, drawn by Ksmikkic Khsi-uitox 
M arch Days. A poem. B> Rh-iuhb E. Brsnis. 

Nationality in Music. By Pm* set* Kimsay. 

In the Vestibule Limited. A story. By Bramwii Bat 

Memories of the St. John's. A porta. By IIkuxun But 

Professional Beauties of the Past. Full- page Ulualntian, 
dm no by Guiwii M Mm ho:*. 

The mail Editorial Departments, nnuluererl by Crown 
William Crons, Wilmas Dr ax llnwru.-., m»«l Ciunus IHulky 
W aMML 

!'■ umsiikd air HAKI’KU A’ ItKnTHKRS, Xkw Vohk. 


No. 1 7*4. 

Harpers Weekly. 

wrru covcii, and si' pi'I.kmkvt cokt.iimxii 
AX ILLCrriUTIUN OK T1IK KHUUL OK Aim I 
RAl. DAVIU D. PuKl'EK. IX WASHINGTON, DRAWN 
BY W. A. ROGER* 

rrusi 10 ckath a torT.-fiw a imh, i> abtaxce. 

Jjubrn^iviii mty iryin with Soy -Yom'W. 


A LATE DEBATE IN THE HOUSE. 

I T was a striking coincidence that the House of 
Repmenlnlirrs should have recently heard from 
the cliairiiiaii of its chief committee that the *]M>iU 
system is distinctively tire American system of the 
civil service which the country would no* willingly 
relinquish, while at the same lime the Senate should 
have been hesitating to acknowledge the property 
right of a foreign author in hU own work. The 
attitude of the country as Urns presented is not uti 
agreeable one, nor one of which an intelligent Amer- 
ican can be proud. The delutle in tiie House u|mhi 
the appropriation for the Civil Service Commission, 
however, was very interesting for several raison*. 
Tlie ardor and acrimony with which Mr. GrimVKXok 
ami Mr. CaXXOX mad* ilieir attack showed that the 
reformed system is exceedingly effective in restrain- 
ing the ravages «*f mere partisanship, while the 
hearty defence of the reform by Messrs. IaiDoe, 
McCoMAS, BCTTERWoRTH, DixolCY. Moore, Greks- 
huj.k, ami Lkiii.H.\<H among Ihe Republicans, ami 
among the Democrat* Messrs- Tbacky, of New York, 
and Hoatsek, Clements, and DocKKHV, of Lowihi 
ana. Georgia. and Missouri respectively. allowed hmv 
stroug and aggressive I lie reform sentiment Ims be- 
come. 

Mr. Loduk mercilessly ex|H»se<l the ignorance and 
inconsistency of Mr. Gkohvknoh, and Mr, BrTTER- 
WORTH did not spare Mr. CaXXOX. Mr. GKUMYEXoR. 
with a ludicrous misapprehension of fuel*, lamented 
that Republican advocacy of civil service reform in 
Massachusetts had driven the parly from |H»wcr, by 
extruding noble youth like Andrew and Hoar. But 
Mr. LotHlR corrected liini at mice, assuring him lhat 
lie was utterly mistaken, that (lie young men of 
whom he spoke, so far as (lie question of civil ser- 
vice reform was concerned. were urinated by hos 
ti lily to just the doctrines that have le-eu preached 
by the gentleman from Ohio on this lloor, which 
have cnsi u» hundreds of voU-s in Mmhmm'1iiih>-Us and 
in New York ns well. You may make light of it if 
you will. It has cost us hundred*. if votes of thought 
ful. intelligent young men. who. whether they un- 
right or wrong, do not believe in the spoil* system.'' 
Mr. MooKK, of New IlauqitdiiiT, made u strong plea 
for the reform. Mr. DlXULRY. of Maine, foiled the 
parliamentary game of Messra. CasNkx and Gr.isvk- 
XOH, und although ii|m>ii division the vote in their 
favor was 92 to it. when he demanded tellers, und 
geuilemeu were logo upon record, the result against 


them was 95 to 75, and was received with “ loud ap- 
plause.” 

No one who reads the debate but will agree tliat 
the ability, the warmth of conviction, the largeness 
of view, pud elevation of tone, were wholly wilh the 
advcM'utes of the reformed system, while the vole, in 
prospect of a record for the country to see. showed 
the conviction of member*, that the reform has a very 
strong hold of the public mind. On the Hrxt dnv of 
the debate Mr. Si’lNOLA. the especial champion of the 
spoil* system, said that there were not ten men on the 
lloor who were really friends of the reform. Mr. 
Butter WORTH instantly asked him whether he meant 
to Hay that three hundred and ten men in the House 
were arrant hypocrites. Mr. itriXOU't remark was 
significant. lie belong* to u clash of |nditicians who 
driest reform, because they feel instinctively that 
with it* progress and prevalence their kind diminish- 
es. As I Ke good tight goes on it is plain this year, as 
it Has last, tluil the character and ability of the House 
mis* the advocates Mild defenders of reform. 

THB STATE LIBRARY SCHOOL. 

Thk Regents of the University of the State of Now 
York have recently taken action of great importance 
and interest to the cause of education. The law of 
1N3®. which consolidates former laws concerning the 
univeixitj mul repeal* many. make* tin* State Libra- 
ry. of which Ihe Regents are trustees, an institution 
of the university, and includes it among the effective 
educational forces of the State. Tins is in accord 
with the modern view of a library, w Inch regard* it 
as subserving its true purpose only when ull iL* bonk* 
am in use, und not when they are secluded upon it* 
shelves, and when in every practicable way it is a 
positive form of public instruction. But to make a 
great free collection of thousand* and InandrvdH of 
tlioiiMMiid* of books really serviceable to the public, 
requires a cultivated speciul knowledge and intelli- 
gence in the librarians, and a carefully considered 
system of details in organization and uiaiiagenieiil, 
the extent and character of whicli arc known only 
to students of the subject. A grvul library niip|Mirt 
eil by the finite for the bcnciit of the people can- 
not serve the purjiosc for which it i* established. fur 
example, unless the librarian is able to advise the 
students, especially those whose constant occupation 
prevents nun'll familiarity with laaik*. but who are 
earnestly interested in acquiring the best *[«<-iai iu- 
fomiulioii, where such iuformulioii can lie found. 
Tiie larger purl of those w liu resort to n public libra- 
ry because of their iuulwlily to buy books, or even to 
know what books arc necessary for their purpose, as 
iu mrchanira or iniM-ellaoeous knowledge, are nlkvo 
lately at a loss when they are iu the library, mile** 
they mu liud ill the librarian a counsellor and guide 
and teacher. 

An iiu|KirUiul branch of study has thus arisen, 
known as library science, or Ihe knowledge which 
makes the library u school of the highest value to 
the great body of the public. For many mouth* the 
Regents, as truslees of tin* Slate Library, and the 
agents of the State iu the interests of higher educa- 
tion, liuve luid the subject under careful trial and ob- 
servation. They have wished not only to make the 
Stale Library most serviceable to the public, but to 
enable it to stimulate into greater usefulness all libra- 
ries in the Stale which, al their discretion, the law 
include* in the universily. The path-lit ex peri incut 
of the school of library science lias been moot inter- 
esting and most gratifying. Two |ioinls have been 
strictly guarded -the interest* of the public in the 
mac of the library und the interests of the lax-payers. 
Nearly two years' eX|ierieiiee hu* proved that the 
necessary instruction can he carried on without de- 
ranging in the least the une of tiie library, and with- 
out the aid of State money. The result of the good 
work has been thut during the last year fifteen libra- 
rian* or assistants were furnished to libraries in the 
Stale of New York, ami seven other Stale* have found 
twenty library assistant* among the pupils of the New 
York State Library School. For thi* service to the 
State of New York iu greatly increasing the practical 
value of its local libraries, ami in attracting libraries 
in other Stales to look to New York for trained libra 
rians, hud a proper muiii of money been found neces- 
sary. it would have been well *]>ciit. Happily the 
result w as attained without iL 

The Regents have now completed the organisation 
of the school, ill w hich almost all the pupils are young 
women , to whom trained library ability open* a new 
career. They liuve authorized certificate* and degree* 
to indicate pndirienry and mastery iu this knowledge, 
hut degree* very strictly guarded und limited, and 
which will be extremely useful u* indicating the range 
of tin- acquirements of librarian*. The hcIiooI. which 
luis already justified itself, is nil effective step iu turn- 
ing to tiie best public account the resource* of the 
Slate Library, uml iu thus adding to the beneficent 
provision* for popular education in New York. The 
standard of that education wax never so high as it is 
now. and in the noble emulation of popular instruc- 
tion in both primary and secondary school* New York 
holds « preeminence whicli every intelligent New- 
Yorker will gladly maiuluiu. 


NEW YORK POLITICS, 

New York politic* have been always entertaining 
to outsiders, hut incogiprelieiisible and exasperating 
The State is so large that, except under the pressure 
of Home overpowering issue, which compels harmony 
on both side*, jxirtie* are always divided among them 
selves in a highly acrid and angry manner. The Re- 
publican* have taken great comfort in the difference* 
la-tween the friends of Mr Ci.kvki.anii and Governor 
Hill, and have hoped by careful fostering of that 
disNeiixion to currv the Stale in ‘92. Hut Senator 
Brown made a stroke to batlh- thi* hope hy bringing 
Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Him. together at a dinner 
table, ami some excellent people have been persuaded 
that there i* no miMiii for further apprehension, since 
the gentlemen politely wished each other good-even- 
ing. But while tiie Republicans have regarded with 
pleasure the hlui-kneas of the Democratic kettle, they 
have had their own pot to consider If the friends 
of Governor Him. wen- not friend* of Mr. Cleve- 
land, what was to In- said of Mr. Fla TV's cohorts and 
the ho*t* of Mr. Warner Miu.i h They seemed to 
1 m- uh much arrayed "over against” each other a* 
the Democratic bonis 

Stimulated perh;t)»» by the labor* toward Demo- 
cratic harmony of Senator BROWN, some Republican 
pacificators have nought for party accord on their 
side If Mr. CLEVKLaXD and Mr lliu. could be 
brought to sav mutually and politely good-evening, 
might it not l>e possible to cause Mr. PlaTT and Mr 
MlLt.KR, not ]*-rhap* to say good evening to each 
other, because human nature ** still imperfect, but 
]Mx«dbly to say a common good evening to Mr. De 
PKW f Might not ull Republicans, whether friends of 
Mr. Miller or of Mr. Platt, agree to vole for Mr 
DEPKW for Governor, and having elected him. nomi- 
nate him to the Presidenc.i . and having again elected 
him, proceed harmoniously to distribute the spoils, 
and live happily ever after f TIilh, a* we write, is the 
pleasing hop* of many who desire a surcaHM of Re- 
publican slrife.aml ask nothing more than party cuhu 
and perpetual | sj wee In the other political family, 
meanwhile there are fresh vexatious. Shall Mr. 
Kill cease to In* Governor on the 4th of March, and in 
serene inactivity uwait the liegiiining of hi* Senator- 
ship in December i Or shall lie assume that the peo- 
ple who elected him Governor for three year*. and 
arc so satisfied wilh hi* services lhat hy ilieir rep- 
resentatives they have now called him to the Senate, 
desire him to serve them in the one ollice until it is 
necessary for him to take tiie other f 

It seems to be. very probable that tins is the view 
that the Governor entertain*. Indeed, it i* suggested 
tliat to bulk hi* par|Kise his Republican opponents 
may persuade the President to call an extra scseiou. 
ami so "force the Governor's hand.'' That would 
be. indeed. New York politics, and President H.vKlti 
mix might prasihly recall Governor John Jay’s com- 
ment upon a proposition of HaMU.TuX'k. " Impossible 
for me to consider.” But should this be done, there 
would lie yet one stroke left for the Governor. He 
•night resign the Seuatorship. That is highly im- 
probable. but it i* not in)|M»«ib!e, The Governor 
would probably do whatever he thought necewary 
to secure the prise for which he plays. The Senator- 
ship is merely a counter to a player for the Presi- 
dency. Governor Him. decided to take it heruim at 
the time It seemed to hiiu " the com*ct card.” and he 
i* a shrewd player. If the a*tieci of the game should 
change and seem to him to require so extraordinary 
a play, he would probably relinquish it. Meanwhile 
the publication of the letter of Mr. WaTTKKmo.V whicli 
lias added more spice to the bubbling caldron of New 
York politics, ha* served to confirm tiie impression 
that the Governor i* playing for the highest prize in 
dead earnest. 

MR. QUAY’S DENIAL. 

Mr. Qt’AV and hi* friends cannot suppose that his 
defence in the Senate will of itself avail to exoner- 
ate him. He makes an explicit denial and explana- 
tion. But all that he says he could as readily have 
raid long ago, when the charge* were made. The 
delay admit* of no favorable interpretation. He 
cites Alexander Hamilton, but Hamilton did not 
allow years to pass la-fore hi* complete explanation, 
lie answered promptly and conclusively, and. at a 
cost inconceivably painful, dnqiosed effectually and 
forever of the charges against hi* official honesty. 

‘The value of Mr. Ql'AY's defence d<-|>ends wholly 
ii|mui hi* word. It Is a simple denial. But his pre- 
\ mu* course and long delay and the method of his 
defence have not •- no imaged confidence iu hi* sim- 
ple statement. When charges so very grave and 
rireiiiiisluutiu] are made against a public inau he can- 
not w-l them aside hr silence, or hy culling lliem mud- 
Hinging. He can dispose of them only by a state- 
ment so fortified hy acknowledged fact und affidavit 
that no doubt renmiiis.ur l>y a summary suit for libel, 
which will force the publication anil establishment of 
the facto. 

If it was wise for Mr.Qr ay to acquiesce for all this 
time iu the universal and reiterated accusation, and 
tiie consequent general public Verdict against him. 
it i» useless now for him to deny it except iu a man 



FEBRUARY 28 , 1801 . 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


1-47 


ner which would completely repul tire charge and end 
ilfoiwrir. Hr 1m.* not dniir it. It ia doubtful whether 
of tire great tuithilinlc who have rvsul his paper the 
impression of ii aingl r iinin bus been changed, Those 
who have supposed (he stories to he true do not now 
think them mere c-aluiiiiiirw because they are declared 
to be «o. Tin we who have wondered and doubted are 
not relieved, becanno they cannot sew any reason for 
the statement which haa not ulwuya existed, ami be- 
cause they Mi* no rorrohomtion of the important do 
uUIh made by Mr. Qc.tY. The scene in the Senate 
was not reassuring. So fur as reported,* Senator 
who for years has been charged in detail with ollk-ial 
dishonesty and irregularity, who has been pilloried 
in the press as a duboueot man. whose party in his 
own Stulc has voted ngnm*t its own candidate, because 
he wan helievtsl especially to represent Mr.Qt'AY. and 
has permiitnl the Democrats to curry the strongest 
Republican Stale ralller than permit Mr. t,ii'AY to 
seem to command Republican confitlenca- a Senator 
whwc name has become the synonyme of ofttcial 
roguery rises to repel the accusation* and confound 
his accusers. fie remh his explanation in perfect 
silence. He ends it ntid rfesunim his chair. The 
"Senators scattered to their seals,'' the routine uf 
hosiness proceeds, not one Senator, so fur as appears, 
hastening to cougrutuhttc him and the Senate that 
the stain is removed from both. 

This is certainly, under the circumstances, an ex- 
traordinary scene, lint it is symbolical of the gen* 
era] effect of the denial. Hundreds of thousands of 
readers scaUrml to their business ufler reading the 
expianulioii, lint how many of them felt that u con- 
spicuous public mun had dispelled a dark cloud that 
had roll'd tijioti his nniire.it ikI had cleared the national 
honor which is involved in the character of uli ita 
representatives,' The facts are still obscure, and the 
incident is fine of the nuwi painful of ita kind in our 
political annuls. 

SHERMAN AND PORTER. 

Thrre lias -m. IiIimii been it more uni venal tribute of ain- 
cere affection for a public mini tlnui Uni! which followed Hie 
death of General Stratum. There was umlilng formal or 
perfunctory in it. It wiw the expression of a wliolc people 
deeply touched by the loss of n fellow-dllxen, whose sim- 
plicity and rectitude and devoted potriotiam were as con- 
»pi<-unu* aud well ku.-iwn as his signal military ability and 
hi - illustrious public services. 

So cnn.tr U inure expound to sharp criticism than that of 
the soldier, and no jm>fe«slon probably is more divided by 
difference* lfut no one could hnvu talked with General 
Sherman about disputed points in the war of which he was 
a chief figure without perceiving that lire generosity of his 
judgment wag s* striking us the fraukucm of his speech. 
Conversation anti public comment will long teem with anec- 
dote* of liim. for nothing wax more characteristic of hint, as 
.Mr. demux said iu liis remark* at the Chamber of Com- 
luercc, rluu his lufnl a not of self conscious lilsloric dignity. 

lli* ilvtlli, ahrio‘t dlniiill4iner.ui.Jy with that of Admiral 
Porter. Ima been already said to mark the clow of an epoch. 
The younger generation now active in affair* has impersonal 
recollection of the civil war. The few men who would be 
Acknowledged as its chief leuders are now gone, but while 
Mukkmam and I’oUTEtt still survived, llie epoch aurvired 
with ikem. The obsequies of Shf.km*jc and Porter eud It. 
as i Ik inc of Adams und JF.n'ETtso.x shety-flve years ngo ended 
the Revolutionary era. W« may truly s»v now of our two 
famous turn, its W»:ia*TRH said limn of the earlier patriot* 

•• Dcntli has not surprised us by un uiiseasoriuhlc blow. We 
have, indeed. seen Uic loath close, hut It bos closed only over 

mature year*, over long, protruded public services and 

over life itself only when the cuds uf living had been ful- 
filled .'* 


THE STATE INSANE. 

Tna public lot crest in the cam of the insane was demon- 
strated in die diseuseiou which led lo Ibc law of lust yeuv 
providing that die poor inMiw shall be caret I for by tlie 
Slate. There U no question that ill* practice of leaving 
them to the mereuis of the county poorhotuc is cruel. Tlie 
cruelly is heightened by tlie tradition of the bopeltuaiiess of 
the relief of such patients who had been two or three year* 
under State care, and because of euch hopelessness were re- 
mitted lo the poorbouees. AM public " iuHlIiutluiial " caie t» 
open to great abuse and to Just severity of criticism, ticca- 
ximial nivelatlnns. especially In the ewe of tlie laaane, show, 
even iu inslilutioDs of high repute, revolting instances of 
cruelly and tyranny. Hut in ibis respect county cure nut- 
not be expected lo be belter than that of the Stale. 

It b. of Course, a conclusive n-unoii fur not removing at 
once all Insane patients from the county iMxirbousea to the 
Slate hospitals that there Is not •deqitsle accommodation, 
ant) it I* ai*o a conclusive rewon fur die postage id the hill 
appropriating money to make sucli removal properly prac- 
ticable. The State hospital* usually uuder tbu charge 
of experienced alienist*, and m> ooo to whom tlie choieo was 
offered of placing an iiinim friend in an institution would 
hesitate between a county poorbouae and a Slate hospital, 

There are now eight Stale asylums for the insane. They 
can accMuinudale in round uumlien 6000 patients, and their 
total cuU during the last fiscal year wu something leu thim 
#8. < 100 , 000. Tlie root lo the State per capita is about #1 WO. 
The report of the Stale Commission in Luniu-y , to which we 
owe Ilk-re furls, SlateH l but tile whole number of asylum* in 
the State, public and private, is thirty, and the whole num- 
ber of Insane person* under treat imut it 18.003. The re- 
port urges greater uniformity of control, and. to till* end, 
more ceutralirrd power, li* suggestions are well cuosid 
ered. and tbc whole xubpcl l* of Mich u character that, for 
the benefit of this wnu hapless class of pervous, puldlc alien 
lion dioutd be constantly drawn to it. 

THE PORK AND AMERICAN SCHOOLS. 

Ir la reported front Home thnl lire Pope is preparing n 
letter Id l 'ordinal GlHJKiK* upon the question of school edu- 
cation in llie Foiled Stales. The Pope itiuhl address hint- 
Keif lo no more timely topic, and it Ik lo he hoped that if he 
im-ans lo give advice, he will be well advised in advaucc by 
lug American couuscllors. Tire luetllutkm which AmericanN 
gunrei with the moat soivdtlve jealousy is the public ncbonl, 
and nil attempt* however specious and phmaUde. ta give It 
n reel Brian diameter art! insliuetivrly resisted. The reason* 
for Ibis view urn many aud fumiliar. and it is unfortunate if 
the Pope is not aware of them. 

The vast increase of a population foreign born and trained 
in wholly alien traditions, not *|ieakiug our iunguuge, und 
strangers to our Institution*, customs, und political life, is 
one of the moet serious ipiesiloo* that now confront Anrei 
lean patriotism sad intelligence, Tire great corrective of 
this unquestionable peril lies in tbc public school which 
freely educate* tlie children. This natiunalirjng inUitoikm 
is threatened by nothiug *i much as the disposition to suls- 
mit it to stsUarion couirul, and especially the control of a 
sectarianism which in ita allegiance and direction is itself 
rsrenilally foreign. 

Tire very fact (hat an Italian clergyman, for such is Lire 
Pope, write* in American clergymen w ith au authority which 
they respect a* sucred iu regard lo Uwir conduct us Amer- 
ican ritixun* is in itself cxtrworvlinary. If au Aureriesu 
rlergymon could write with similar authority to Italinn sub 
JeeU, the government of Italy would moet certainly view 
lire proceeding with very great attention It to, however, 
open lo any European clergyman to write to any number of 
American dliretis upon tlie public schools or upon any other 
questliMi of |mbllc iniemt. But If be should advise or cn 
courage them to lake snv course which b plainly repugnant 
to ftiuduirieotul American principles, bis advice would inter- 
est a very much larger body of Americium than hu corre- 
•pondenta. 


THE ORCHESTRA GUARANTEE FUND. 

Evkiiy lover of music will lie glad to hear that a guaran- 
tee fund ho* been obtained for the maintenance of a perma- 
nent orchestra in New York. But it must be said frankly 
Ibnt it is surprising such a fund was not pledged for Tmko- 
imiiik TroXas, when it » us known two or three yearn ago 
that for tire want of it he had been compelled to dlststiMl Ills 
orchetiirw. T<> liim. tire inromjMiiablc conductor, more iImii 
to any other Individual, U dire the cultivation of the taste 
which now demand* and Jo* tides ihc fund, nod if it was un- 
derstood too lata (hat after waiting for two years in vain 
for a fund in New York hi* engagement* with Chicago huti- 
urably prevented his entertaining furtlrer prepositions here, 
the fuel i* none lire leva to be regretted. 

HI* departure is a tnliMi-nl k«s to Che city which cannot 
easily lie made good. Hi* masterly ability. III* admirable 
(ante, his long experience, and his hnppy conipn-licn*iou of 
the public taste, with Ills firm persistence in constantly de- 
veloping It without fatiguing it, hwve him without a rival 
noil in lliv jirlnvc of his power. Mr. Daumom'ii, who will 
conduct lire orchestra for which the guarantee fund has 
been •M't-tin-d, lw» lire advantage of the high regard *u* » mu- 
sician ill which hia father wn* held and of hi* own accum- 
plishmciil. A* a great conductor, however, be Inis his spurs 
to win. But he lia* every good wish of every lover of the 
higher music tliat Ire may be able to maintain the standard 
Tw*t>n**RV Thoms*. 

No otic who bos watched the career suul enjoyed tire work 
of Mr Timtsi iu bringing the mq»k*d taoic of thin comtnii 
nlty to ita iwe*r«t po3lil butnuru cougnUnliUv t lilcago upon 
pertnauvnlly s,t m ri ii,g W» ■rrVlCrt. lit oh t fllrtltls will hear 
with deligiii of his new triumphs, and whatever the musical 
p rt^re- s * ami prosperity of New Tort, tire happy inipuUe 
gUdi be haagiveu them wLl never ho forgotten, 


THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND SILVER 
COINAGE. 

Tmk late letter of Mr. C'MtvKtuM> will have tlie good 
effect of briogiug hia party to ita bearings upon the quo*. 
lion uf free silver coinage. Tire fact that hr was very gen- 
erally accepted by hi* putty as I la probable irandidntp. and 
that theipiestloci of free Coinage, by detaching a considerable 
number of Republican hetmton from their purty, hast sud- 
denly acquired a pttmary Importattee In tire public mind, 
gave to his letter peculiar intorwt am) Importance. So clear 
anil strong and crisp a statetuent, leaving no chance for 
n|ikivocatiuu or uiMconcepliiui. naturally appiiaca the I lent- 
ocratic party that If it be a free silver coinage party Mr. 
CutTEfcAjcp cannot be it* caudldute. 

Tire letter tlrerefon Tiaea to the dignity of ao event. Tire 
Democratic Governor of MaaMchimrtts al ooce heartily and 
linreat-Tvcdly voanmctided it, Tbc Ilctnocraiic, or Alliance, 
Governor of South Carolina instantly muertoii Uial It wilh- 
tlrew Mr. Clevbi.am) from consideration iis a candidate. 

• Hirer exprcmioiis In tlie Democrat ir prew and from [)f.<m- 
oerutlc public men show the satire difference of opinion. 

• Idle the remark* of tire Republican leader Mr. McKixlect, 
at Toledo anil in nn Interview, show hi* belief that rvru 
Republican cajolery of tire silver men i« n wluning coni. 

Mr, CirtruttP* instinct in this matter i* uwloubi 
edly sure. The Democratic adoption of the silver pol- 
icy would divide the party, and again nntke the Re pub 
licau party the exclitsivc party of sound currency. Mr. 
McKmutr Is a Republican party leader, but in- ulk upon 
the subject u perilously near demagoguery. The silver 
queatlou in its present aspect, if mode BO ireue, Wauhl Ik- 
ootue lire citaUuIUng i **>»-. uul slvakp both partie* There 
ri no doubt Hint tbc Democratic drif! toward free diver is 
already, and will he more and murt, a serious injury to Uut 


party by repelling tbc support of those who hold sound 
flmuicinl views Opposition to extreme protection will not 
persuade sensible nun to custalu a piny nhiefa endangers 
the entire business interests of tire country by tampering 
With Ure currency agniust ull the warn lag* uf sound prin- 
ciple and experience. 

PERSONAL. 

Tmk principal opposition in the Houm> to tire recent bill 
to increase Mr*. Gcurra) CtlSINl't peontou came front a 
meiulxtr trom Indiana, «b» Hernietl lo think that artny offi- 
cer*' widows livrsl live* of case and luxury, and did no- 
thing to support thcnwclves. When hi' leanic-L, however, 
that Ml*. CferKH was uric uf tire hnsirat wnjuen ill the 
country-, and hurl been Itunl at work for tbiirtceu yours, lie 
turned about and itnulc a spi'ccli In her furor, and fire litll 
went ihivingb. Mrs- I't'eTKn is now preparing a scries of 
talks on ‘‘I'lnina Li IV,” for delivery Is- lore m-IiooI girl* and 
hoys und before wouwii's ilnti*. With ber htislinud'* *is- 
t'M, Mr*. t*AI JtufS, wire in also u busy smiuii, the has guue 
into fcnipoiury retirement at Atlantic City, to recruit her 
strength for future work. 

— Mina UoMtHr.H MxRBolJtft, who has Wen collaborating 
a novel with (■kciIimk (.‘any Eoiii-KSTon, is u slender, grnre- 
fnl young girl. She drre oc a pic-t<ireM|iiely, nud while not 
strictly ta-autiful, is exceedingly at tTaetive. Constant xmo- 
rial mu with forr-igucis In her early youth ha* left its mark 
ii|hu> ln*r language. Mini she spenks a pretty half-broken 
English, with a risiug iiidretion of voice that is very 
charming- Her formei home waa in Atchison. 

— Tlie sale of GkuKiIK I. SKNKV’s colloctioil of pictures 
tv-shred ^fld.'it.'i.VJ, which, with the exception of the sale of 
Mrs. Makv J. Muki.aVk pniiitlng* in 1 h.*iJ for was 

tire large*! sum ever received ut n similar auction Mr. 
SLXEY ls said to have mule a good profit on his pictures, 
although soiire brought lew. than tire original cn*l. 

■ - C'Lat'K SMlWttrj.H, the t 'alifornin sugar ltil>g, is grow- 
ing old, mill hi* hair is quite while. He Is ju«t as keen 
anil eueigetlc a* ever, however, and in Im.king after his 
three large refineries oil the 1‘acitle coast and one at Phila- 
delphia Ini in image* t<i keep limy. 

— A liulh-l wliirll whs slot iut<i the clu-ck of Jiiilge CAL- 
VIN K.ftaarr.of Ilrnoklyu and tb« State Supreme Court, at 
the hat tie of thillir* Mill, Vilgiida, on June J7, JotW, hit* re- 
cently I wen n-iuovi-d. Judge 1'iuri wm a Colonel at the 
time, and liis wound was at first *up|Mmed to l>c fatal. Kor 
llw past twenty-five years he tins suffered much pa hi and 
inconvenience from the leallcu pellet, but not till Ilitrly 
«m It ciMiaidef.nl safe to remove tu 

— CHami.ks E. Kuc MB. the cable editor of the If're W, is by 
nature and aeqnireiuent one of the few iiieu who posaess 
the qiialifiraliona of his p.Mltion, With a '* ihmc for news'' 
lie combine* experience, having worked on trod lug paper* 
in this country and Canada, and u loug nn-irv-n, for |>ersoiis 
and events which enables him t» Intelligently etalioratc a 
skeleton despatch that hits ls-eu received liy cable. Mr. 
Rut-MK has a good reference library of hi* own, and lias 
filled * number of m'tn]i-iMioks with carefully arranged 
clippings front leading Enru|ie*n paper*, bi« aei-oii-.pl i*b- 
nieuts including a knowledge of art era) languages. Ilia 
griindratber was Iuv.tr Miisc'IlKiKS, tlie comparer, and 
friend auil teacher of Mr.Nl>KLiamliN,aiid hi* father, Anto- 
nin Root*:, is urll Liioun in England as a profesaor of 
Fhmch literature. 

tV. 11. ItlL-HAUPsiiN, the Ikiklnn iiatili-.ilist, l* exploring 
llie forests of Oiitrnl America In tire mferest of the liritisb 
Milselllu. Hr has met with liiliuerons adveiitnn-s, and has 
dtscoven-d several new species of liirds, 

—Mra. F.l 1ZAHKTM B. CciriTH tells the following inter- 
esting anecdote of General S]li:im*x: Lust wiut.-r I »aw 
n very uiarknd example of tire simplicity and appreciation 
of General Siikrm.vn 8 character. 1 cbuneml to U- on » 
Sixth Avenue aarface car with him, and us we talked mu 
Various topics lie reul, " I'm III debt to this line, ''mill in re- 
ply to my question bow it liap|w<ued to n man who had 
such a horror of indcbtediM-M os he, he said: *'Nol long ago 
I came In n ear ami paid my fare. In a few imiinrtiu lire 
rmtdueior came to me and banded back my five rents, 
•What’* wrong, young man V I asked, and then he said: 
'(.loneral, I didn’t know It was you when you mure in. 
The people on the platform told me. If I hod 'll' known it 
ua* you, I wouldn't have taken a rent, I enu't take no- 
thing from a man that l*'l- like you.' ” 

I'rofeavor F1.KMKNT I,. SMITH, the Dean of Harvard 
College, Ira* H-sIgiM-d hi* ofU«-e, and will give his ntteuti'in 
entirely to study nud leaching, llu retains his professor- 
ship of Latin. 

— General Milk*, the Indian lighter and pacificator, is 
au expert rider of the bicycle. 

— Tbs Boston Truer (Jr/, iu a recent editorial article. *aiil 
some very pleasant things als.ut Mr. Will C'a ki.kiuN apro- 
pos of liis lecture in that city. “ America," lire writer 
so id, “ hit* rarely lowl a ium upon the platform wlo> would 
pleitre and profit every audience re certainly a* he. Ilia 
jHH-tic gift i* so uunpic as to mark him a genius. His 
ihrm.-* fruit so naturally from human nature that un intel- 
lect is iliunnvtd by bt* wil.no Ireiirt uuliHiehed by his ]ta- 
tbo»- lli* line* are apparently written with an audiem-e 
in mind, for rich as tlu-y are when rend in the home, they 
have n rarer charm when be apeaka them ftoiu tbs plut- 
foriu. Ihistou would la< tire Iretter for it if she could have 
him apeak to crowded hall* iiiniiy time* each year, lb- i* 
uut a fiul, but hr is a grand limn, doing a deal of guml 
iu a charming w uy. w 

-One uf lire latest lellers written by General Slirx- 
Man. if not the last, was one dated February lb), und ud- 
d reared to lit: via min H FlBLlM, of New York, thanking 
him for a copy ..f the /f<i«WhelK>ii« of iituiyt H . f hi Jr. TLe 
ticuernl wrote uf tire pitMishcr: •■Whilst esw-nlially Auier- 
K jii, b* ikies Hot limit his exiieiwlitcin.', aa must rich men 
do. to their onu locality, lint he lakes in the wltole woe hi, 
a* illustrated by bis memorial foiintalli to NirAKroriARa at 
Mtmlfotd-ou-Aviei, anil Ills memorial windows and tablet* 
at Wra Moil later and \Yinc|rea|ev, England. I sm-mu sure, 
yon know him jreiwouafiy ■ 

till*, I can liriwff you together at niv table sums 1 1 ns<s r6i* 
•pcuig. \\ itb groat iwxjkh t, juuf frniod, — W. T. ijHxmxX . * 


148 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, SO. 17M 




DOGS OF HIGH DEGREE — Draw* nr G, Mi w Ansoi.r.— ( Skk I’aob MO I 


1. Mr. Frink Witilmlr'* Seller "(Vim of M'nlutnl " 5. Mr. J L. Wioclioll'4 Enirllftli Blnoil.ll-itinil "Vlrlor." 3 C1mtn|iiuu IMi IMm i! • <’Mrfmln 

Krnni'l'* ( lintnpii.n Fn* IrrrWr Illicit " Rielimnntl Olive" .1. l'hri|iia»*-i KiniuTs Si Jlrmnnl* "Sir llrrlieri" nml " Plpi'ii* 

7. TIm Bull Bitch "flrlConnnrlU ” ». TbeCIm Bull Terrier '•Jubilee." 1* Mr. Mtlukrll IliirriMin'n Ctminpioa Collie 

Dmlilr." II. The ('buupioD MutiO ' Ucaufort." 


4. Tit* Benvcvwyrk 


Dr M. II. i >rir * C li:i iii|ii- >n I’iiV ' Miis." ! 


FEBIU'ARY 2*. 18*1. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


pi 





150 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1784. 


DOGS OF HIGH DEGREE. 

BY JXO (HLMBM 8PBRD. 

Tin: venriy dog show* in New York held 
liy the WMMniwtcr Krnncl Club have !«•- 
ni|M more popular each reason The show 
tin* year I* the largml ever held in Hit- conn 
try, and the animal* oo exhibition ami con 
leating fur prize* are iwn inferior to throe lu 
he seen at the English bench shows Our 
fadnoti* ill dog* come from England. ami 
moat of our mart notalile nruc- wiener* are 
of English straina of bloml. But our dug 
fanciers. since tbc establishment of brneb 
allow* In America, have taken well pains in 
breeding that we now have dogs as good h* 
can be found anywhere. In this show there 
are lot 1 # dogs ThU is AO inure than lust 
voir, and 200 more than in 18K» There arc 
58 Mastiff*. 197 Hi Bernard*. 3 Bloodhounds. 
AH Great I liuies, 10 New foubdland*. W Bus- 
t-bin Wol ( hounds. 90 Deerhound*. II Grey 
hounds. 38 Fox hound*. HIT Pointer*. 79 Eng- 
lish Seilers. 108 Irish N-tirr*. 49 Gordon Set- 
ter*. * CtMMMilke liav Dogs, 107 Field Span 
ids. 1 10 follies. 27 PiwsiU-s. 0 null dogs, 37 
Bull terriers. 3 Boswell Hounds, 00 Itochu 
bunds, 24 Btwgles, 101 Fott-lerriera. 81 Irt-h 
Tefriure. 3 Wi-bk Terrier*. 7 Dandle Din 
mnnu, 11 liedlinetoe Terrier*, ft Skye Ter- 
riers. 3 Clydesdale Terriers. 14 Blank mid 
tan Terriers. 2 While English Terriers. 4 
Scotch Terriers, 83 Yorkshire Tcrriera, 0 Toy 
Terriers, 38 Pun, .W Tor Spaniels. H Italian 
Greyhound*. 6 Bcfelppcffko*. and 3 uf mirerl- 
lanvous kinds. 

Huron ("uvicr said that the domestic dog 
wns Uie " completes!, the most singular, and 
the meat useful conquml ever rand* by man. " 
To a pt-rami unfortunate enough not to be 
fond of dogs llii* sound* Hkt U MnaiUl 
rtatemeat. but the alflriiretirc of it caultl la- 
maintained with much force, and lire real 
dog lover would malotain it wiih an enthu- 
siasm which would peolmblv defeat the pur- 
pore of his argument. WhatCVW may be 
tbc value of the domes! ic dog in compariwm 
wllh Ifae other imiiiiiils widen man haw sub- 
jugated end trained there can lie no qirev 
lioti of lire utility of tin- dog in hi* various 
capacities — as hunter, shepherd, watch dog, 
frirnd, companion. 

Nearly all of Hie best breed* of our Amcri 
can dogs are of Krilish origin, and since dur- 
ing the past two decades more attention has 
hern given to breeding than ever lie fore in 
this country, there have boon many importa- 
tions of dogs of all the various breeds. These 
import at ion* and this careful breeding hare 
bwn greatly stimulated by the bench afauwa 
which are held annually lu various purl* 
of lire country. The popularity of bench 
•hows i.« conclusive evidence of the verv 
gnat general interest felt in doga hy all 
classes of people. Tire great majority of 
tbc visitors to these shows are city people 
who cannot themselves keep dog*, and there- 
fore lire evidence of interest Is all lire more 
conclusive. There show* are generally if 
not alwnys held by kennel clubs, such, fur 
instance, a* lira Wcunliutir Kennel Club, 
of New York; the New England Kennel 
Club, of Boston: tire Maryland Kennel Club, 
of Baltimore, lire Cincinnati Kennel Club, 
etc., etc. All of three dub* have united in 
forming a general organization. called the 
American Kennel Club, t« tire meetings of 
which each local club send* delegates. This 
general dub i* not ooly a legislature, but a 
court. It makes laws, trie* cairn, and en- 
forces penalties. The affairs conducted by 
this club are so large that a regular burinem 
office is maintained in this dly, and a corps 
of clerks Ih kept busy in keeping tire records 
and puldisldng llw-in. For the luller pur 
pone n monthly |«|a-r is issued, and breeders 
and exhibitor* hum examine it carefully so 
an to we what laws are promulgated, what 
awards have l« n madr, and what disquali- 
fication* ihclamL 

Tbc first recognized dng show in England 
was tliul held at Newcastle in 1839. It had 
becorae it well e*tithlldieri itirtilutmti tlrem 
long before anylliing wa* done in Uiis nnin 
try. and when a Mart *»»« made here, the 
Originators on this side had lire lienetit of tin; 
long experience wlucli seventeen years uf the 
bench mkiwh had given iln- managers in Eng 
land, t >n ring that tiliu: a kind of bench 
show Un.mtun hail grown up, and tire vir- 
tues and vices id breeding nud judging for 
bench-show pants U«d la-cn diKWMd very 
thoroughly The result of all liiis diseuwion 
bus been that Judging is now universally for 
points . thal is, each structural feature ha* 
given to It a certain numerical value when 
perfect, and the judges so estimate each fea- 
ture of each dug. ami the dog having lire 
highest number of points is counted tire la*»t 
For instance, bike tire Pointer . and look at 
the standard set up for him when he la per- 
fect in every respect: 


Kars. «“■! Up* . . . 

*••*««• •a.I (Vs 
Brel(.Ti*ri*~.«..rf .tn 
bp, dbow*. «i.‘l 1**1 

Color 

ttymarelrp 

Total 


4 l.-lM* 

. . * [«»l. 

I»|«4>.l* 


Any one familiar with the work which 
a Pointer is required to do in the field will 
tee the wisdom uf this apportionment in 
every regard perhaps cxrejit that of color, 
which luobablv might have been left out of 


the account entirely, and given over to the 
point- apportioned for leg* and feet. The 
Pointer must have great intrlligrnrc. great 
power of aceut. tuurt have great strength 
and *prxd, mi iim to Jo hi* work thoroughly 
sad rapidly. The Pointer therefore -true- 
tunilly perfect according to the stundanl is 
very likely to exeel iu those quaUUoa must 
required. As a tnnticr of fai:t.whicli may he 
recorded here nl Mice. I be Pointers winning 
in tbc liciirh allow* lnivr a* a rule in Ihra 
country been most excelleiil performm In 
the Held and at tire field trial* It i* usually 
expected that the dug Hint bos w.m lire lust 
pri/e* lii the "how* wilt cumc out first in the 
trials. and this expectation has been more 1 
often realized than not. This is Botably the 
case with Pointer* iu Uii* country-, but 1 am 
nut pre|aued tu say in un unqualified way 
that it in m of all other breed*. 

The various authorities put the dogs of 
different breeding into group* formed tnu 
ally aeconling to the theory which each 
w liter maintains Frederic Cuvier, the bro- 
ther of the more famous Baron George* t'u- 
vier. attempts to arrange the varieties under 
three pnmaiy divisions, which arc founded 
ii I* *ii the slm|N- of tile IjchiI and Hu- length 
ol the juw*. those bring Hiippnood by him u» 
vary in «n'onliiiu-c with the degree of cuu- 
iiiug and scenting power* which th. animal 
pw*4nn them displays. Tbmc divioion* 
Sionrlicngc. Hie authority highest considered 
l.y practical dog fancier*, adopt* cxteivt in a 
few trifling Instance*. The flret of F. fu- 
vier’s division* he Mill* Matin* tlw- mvihuI. 
S|K»nlel*; mid the third. House dug*, lu the 
lir*t division la-li-iig <d| all half reclaimed 
dogs liuiiliag in pocks— such a* the Dingo, 
tin- Dhole, and tlir Pariah : (A| dooie-iieniid 
ilogs. Iiiiiiling in parks or singly, but using 
the eye lii preference to Hie now — aa. fut 
inrtame, Hie AHianisn dug anil Deer-houml : 

douM-sticaied dogs which hunt singly and 
almost entirely hy Hie eye —mk-U a* the 
Greyhound. Dugs of this division are rh.-ir- 
seteri/j-d hy a more or lc»* idongmcd head, 
parietal bn lie* iawflliUv aitpriuching each 
oilier, mid condyles of tlie lower Jaw placed 
hi a liorixuulal line with the upfa-r molar 
teeth. 

The Jecnnit divUion, Spaniels, be arranges 
In live groups: to) Pasioral dogs, or such as 
are employed for ilomeslic uami— such as IImi 
H licplie id's dog : |A> Water dugs, w hich delight 
in kwiniraing— Mich aa tire New fuuitdland 
dug and Water Spaniel: (d Fowlers, which 
have an inclination h> chase or point tnnls 
hy scenting only and not killing— such a* tire 
Heller, Pointer. and Field Hpaniel:(rfilft>und«. 
which hunt in piu-ks anil kill their game — 
anch a* the Fox hound ami Hie llarTicr; (>) 
criMsed breed* fnr sporting purpose* — such as 
the Ketrievrr. Dog* of this Spaniel divisii-n 
arc chiuaeta-rind by moderarely elongated 
heads; |\*i ii'tnl Irenes not approaching cacti 
other above the temple*, but diverging nnd 
swelling out so as to enlarge the forehead 
and cavity of tire brain. 

'The third division, or House-dog*, are 
characterised by u more or bw* shortened 
nuixxle, skull high, frontal sinuam consider- 
able, condyle of tire lower jaw extending 
above Hie line of the upper cheek teeth. The 
cranium is smaller in this divialon than in 
the flrvt and second divlaiotis. In consequence 
of its peculiar formation. AH of theta- are 
placed In one group uf Watch-dug*, which 
have no prope Daily to hunt, but are solely 
enifdoyed in lire defence of man nr hi* projt- 
erty— micU a* the Mastiff, the Bull-dog, and 
the Fug. 

Stonoheugo. while admltHng that this 
grouping is founded on natural law*, points 
out *onre anumallea. Hu says: *■ Tire Grey- 
hound Is quite as rowdy to linnt iu |xsck* iis 
any other haumi, ami U only prevented from 
doing SO hy Hie hand of hi* master. The same 
restraint keep* him from using bis tluaf. Of be 

Id miuu Ire nearly a* good w iUi that organ 

as with hi* eye. ” He also lakes exception to 
the ilrftuii tun uf Fowler*, " having un inclina- 
tion to chase and point birds." whereas they 
often hnw a* great, if not greater, inclination 
t» ebaau lian* nnd rabbi la, and nothing hut 
the rtricleat di-ciplmc restrain* them 

Though tlu*gmu|dng ha* much In do with 
the standard* hy which each breed of dug* 

U judged at the beach abowa.it i* not nrcaa 
warily considered in arningiug the premium 
list, which i- made out hr e«rh ts-nch-sbow 
rommiUce a* it *oc* fit. the American Kennel 
Club only stipulating that the dog* mIisII be 
judged ill classes which the dub l aw* define. 
There are «ix in nnmlirr— the mlaceJIaireini* 
chu*. llie wiling cU«, lire novice class, the 
puppy class, the o|a-n daw*, nnd the chal- 
lenge <•!*•*. Tire challenge elns* i* for all 

dajpi hBVbqf won f . .ill tli-l prim ill the MM* 

cliaarw. A dug haring won Hiree first prims 
in this rla*« lias the privilege of lire title uf 
champion without further competition 

The definition of this da** explains some- 
thing very frvuiieiitly puzzling to the on 
initialed One lie.ir* uf lire Cham piun Mii*- 
liff HiMirer for luatanre. and be »* Im llmd lu 
Is-lieve that till* dog. in which Mr. Pliii-tius. 
of the Somerset Kennel*, tabes such M just 
pride, ha* been ailjmlgt-d the best mastiff in 
tire rnuntrv Though he tuay be Hiat, his 
title of champion really ho* no more mean 
ing than the rule above quoted implies and 
on the llrt at ttrerenl there are at l«t*t five 
other must iff* hiwring proudly Ihe *umc mis- 
lending title. But any dog who win* Hie 
title according tu tl>c rules inu*l be pretty 
nearly perfect, a* Ire mu»t get seven prim la 
all. and three nf them niiisl lie aguinsl dogs 
which have already wuu four Ural ptiict in 


tire open class. Very often, in the effort to 
achieve till* high eminence, the owner* resort 
to very keen strategy. Tire larger tire show 
is. the harder it is. of course, to win n tlr»t 
prize iiguinot all (*imer*. The exhibitor 
therefore is on the alert to get his dug w litre 
tire competition will he lex* seven- Long 
journey* arc fre«|ueiitly taken, and remote 
plurea vidteil. in dir Iio|h; of rexiring another 
winniug While such lactic* may gel the 
title at last, no exhibitor can ever be certain 
that there art not two or three others as clever 
a* Ire working u|>m the same line*. It sel- 
dom hnp|teiis thill such a thing can la- accom- 
plished without many di*.ipiH>inlmcnl*. anil 
1 while lire tide appreciate* tire value of tire 
dog. however it may be won. they who are 
(rained in liendi show annul* know pretty 
accurately how much signillcanif atUche* 
to each winning. Very naturally a first 
prim- fmni Hie WolininrtPT Kennel Club »* 
no in- highly i allied than dial from any utber. 
though of course, tllr-re have bn-B instiUKe* 
when: lire Cunq*Hil»o«l lia* Iret-n greater at 
other nIiow* than that held iu Mudixoti 
Npuirc Gulden. 

While each show make* It* own pro- 
gramme, subject I" the general laws of thr 
A nierierui Kennel Huh, the * pec laity cliilw 
delermiire upon Ihe slnndnni which the 
Judges slrell apply to the dug* exhibited. 
Tln-»e specialty cluli* number not lea* titan 
twelve, and Include urgaiiization* devoted to 
Fox - terrier.. Beagle- Ma-ttff*. Pel Dog*, 
Nlrttiiels, 1 lie— apelike Bay Ihigs. Follies. Eng- 
Tull Xrltei*. German Mnsllff* or Great Dune*. 
Guidon Betters, Pointer*, mid St. Bernard*. 
In m*r*t instance-, tbu wandanls vary slightly 
from ihioc used in Rnglnnd: hut that for lire 
Pointer, aa given bi Stonehenge mtd almve 
quoted, ha* lav-ii adopted hy the Pointer 
Club in (Hi-* country. These slnndarrl* are 
meant, of eourwr. hr corer the |*iIiiIb of ii 
per ft* t dog in nu-li of lire hived*, and it i* 
p "otHiUic dwt tlrey (h» It with a* great nicety 
and prreisjon »• posil.le There it. however, 
much contention a* to whether the influence 
uf breeding »o u* to iswne up In ||hm stand 
arel» Ins* Mibanoed the usefulm-** of Is-ni li 
sliow dog* in the special direction uf Hbdliy 
h> perform llie work for which each i* iii 
tended, 

On this subject Hie dug writers differ aome- 
what. but not widely, and the prominent 
breeder* in Americn, with one or two excep- 
tions, unite iu Haying that the tendency of 
these contests is not only to keep pure" tire 
breeds, lml to improve lire animal*. As has 
been said before, this i* particularly no of 
si* (fling dogs And as to other breeds, if 
their utility boa not been enhanced, it has 
probably not l (ecu hindered, except where 
dogs have been suffered tu go without train 
lng. If n Irecod of Pointer* or Setters or Fol- 
lies. fur instance, is |(erriutU-d to jpi genera- 
tion after jwnetwtfoo without being taught to 
do the work oM-h is intended to do. t Irene will 
anon be a tnarhed deterioration In (he off 
spring. In this country there is pnacticolly 
DO work for some of these dug* to do, ami it 
follows very naturally that while structu- 
rally they may allow the proper points, lire 
intelligence must la- suffering for a lack of 
op|Kirltinily to exercise it But tire bench 
allows have nothing to dr* with this deterio- 
ration. unless they are culpable in giving 
prizes fur dujg* other (Juan (hewe which have- 
a full field in this country In excreiee the 
spec ml farultNW for which they arc IwisL 
On lire other hand, nearly nil of Un-re dogs 
are very c-jninaoiooable fellows, and in their 
conduct display a loyal fidelity worthy of 
emulation. 

Spurting dog*, such a* Pointer* anil Setters, 
are throe which are mart generally employed 
in actual work iu lid* country; mid there is 
not a neighborhood In all tire land in which 
several of llirsc intelligent animat* are not to 
Ire found, anti therefore, more than any otlu-r 
breed*. Uiese two are valuable for Uic actual 
aervkew |M-rformed The Pointer i* related 
to the Hound, anti i* MittpuM.-] to la- tk-i ived 
from an rdd Spanish breed. It owe* Us 
name Ur Its halm of slaodiug fixed at the 
scent of game, and thi*. like ilre crouching 
of the Setter, whether due to loag-coniinued 
training ah 'ire. nr to the miNlifiealion and ex 
aggeratiovi hy man of the tn-tiDi ti'c start of 
surprise common to all dug* wlren fiisl aware 
of Hreir prey, Ih now inherited, the puppy 
pointing before his training lv»* la-gun. The 
strength of this planting propensity was nev- 
er more signally shown than in the ctore, told 
by Daniel, of two Pointer* which stood im- 
movable aa statue* during the limif mid a 
quarter occupied in sketching tlrem. Sto«ie- 
Ix-uge *nv* that ll»- point* dr-irahle ill Ihe 
Pointer ar*- "a rmaleraleljr large head, with 
a high forehewil and an i u le-lli in lit eye of 
medium si re Muzzle broad with its outline 
SX|ttar» ill fronl Flews mnnifr-Hv present, 
hut not pendent. Tire head should be well 
ms on tire neck, and lire neck itself lung, con- 
vex in it* upper outline, wkihuut any tenden- 
cy lu a dew lap or tu a tuff. The body of 
gixal length, with a strung loin, wide lii|«. 
nud rtilrer arched nl>*. the chest Ireing well 
let down, hut not in n hatchet shn|re. a* in 
the Greyhound, and the depth of the Isw-k 
riba being proportionately greater than in 
that dog The tail, or stern, a* It U techni- 
cally railed, is rtrong at the root, but, sudden- 
ly diminisliiuc. it hccumea very fine, and then 
continues nearly of tire same size to within 
two inches of the tip, when it goes off to a 
point, looking a* sharp a* tire sting of a wasp, 
and giving the whole very much the ap|« n = 
anco of that part of the inn-ct, hut magnified 
a* a matter of evurac. This peculiar sha|ic 


of tbc stern characterizes the breed, anil its 
absence riiow* a cross with the Hound or 
some other dog. Tire shoulders lue poitiia 
of gnat importance in the Pointer, a* utilem 
Vliey are well formed he cunnol last through' 
out tire day, and morenyer Ire- caunot atop 
himself or turn quickly iu his work, as Ire 
ought to do lleoce a lung, slanting. Imi t 
muMiilur blade is of vast importance, trailed 
to a long upper arm. which titfuin require* 
for its rxislenee an elbow well let down Ire- 
low the chest, and a short forearm. Plenty 
of Isine in lire leg. well clot lust with niu-ik- 
and tendon, a strung knee, full-sized ankle, 
and round strong foot, provided with a thick 
sole, are also essential* to I be w ear and tear 
of the fore quarter, while (lie hind quarter 
require* inuM-ular haunches and thighs, 
strong, well- Ijeli t *tiflc*. latge nnd strong 
Imh k* and f«*-t of tire Mime character as d«~ 
M-rilH-d for the FoJefueC The color should 
be principally white " 

If any mull ever knew wlial a gum) Pointer 
should I* It wa* Ktuocheogc. and Hietefore 
bl» description is here given in preference to 
any other It ha* Ire-fen- beeu said that sue- 
f ca*fu! bench -show Pointeni liad proven to 
In* excellent field dogs. Take, for instance, 
the ri-lchruted dog Sennit ion. the splendid 
Pointer exhibited Ht the first ahuw of the 
\\> Mm raster Kennel dub, He was % noted 
la-neh show winner, t*-ilh in England and in 
thi* country, and hi* perfurmaticva in the 
field at trials were quill- equal to his merits 
acxxirdlng to points, lie was also lire sire of 
winners on the l»-noh and in the field Crox 
teth is another illuslraliou of un exactly sim- 
ilar nature. HU sons Drake. Roliert le Di 
able. Ossian, ami many ether* are eminent 
field trial performcre, while he t» considered 
l»y good iudg«*i to be (hr perfection nf show 
form, and ha* won at all the principal shows 
in this country. Bang Bang, now dead, waft 
a phenomenal field dug. and had won first 
prizi-s ut Hie Crystal Palace allows In Eng 
land. Hud many firsts tu this country, includ- 
ing lire sweepstakes for hert light-weight 
Pointer iu 1*0*1. which carried with it (lie 
title of "Champion of America." Duke of 
Hvsm-ii lire Pointer which run second in the 
Ail-aged Setter and Pointer Slakes of the 
Eastern Field Trial Club, at High Point North 
Carolina, la-4 fall, bad won first prize at the 
English Keunrl Flubs show la-fore living 
brought to this ouiinirv. while since arriving 
ben- lie has won flrvt in New York In 1887, 
first in Boston, PluUdiiphU, and Chicago in 
1X8W. and first In BaHtia in 1890. Graphic, 
lad of Bow, and l.n • of Bow. all champions 
of record at bench sliowa, were excellent 
working dogs, and have each rim with credit 
at tire different field trial* in this country. 

The Better is preferred above the Pointer 
by some snuitsmi-ii Ih- take* his name from 
the crouolilDff attitude be aaeumee when he 
bus scented game Darwin suggests that 
Un* habit l* •• merely the exaggerated pause 
nf an animal about to spring upon Its prey." 
Htunuhenge, however, soya that lire Setter 
originated la-fore shooting on the wing he. 
came common, nnd the crouching attitude 
was taugbt to hint hy the hunter*, who threw 
a net over the covey the dog had found 
But now (bill whig eboothig is general, this 
crouching or " M-tting " i* not considered the 
l»v-t urelhod to lie taught, as often the dog 
is hail to the sight of the gunner. Setters, 
which la-lung to the Spaniel group, are of 
three kind — Hie English. Irish, and Gor- 
don. The point « of the English Setter may 
be described as follow*: The skull is of pe- 
culiar charm-ii-i. not *o heavy a* that of the 
Pointer, aud without lire furrow anil marked 
prominence of the occipital bone: it Is nar- 
row or of medium width between the ears, 
and should have a dei ded brow over the 
rye*. The uoae should In- long, nnd with 
width In harmony with skull, without any 
fulnrw* under the eyes. There rtinuld le in 
Ihe uveruge dug four to four anil one half 
inclww from the inner rorner of the ryes to 
Hre end of lire uose. lietwi-en the |> lint and 
phu «f the n*iM- there shotihl be a slight d« 
presaiun, at all events there should la- ho ful- 
lo-s, and the eye tiro ws -tumid rise altarpljr 
from it The Bmlrlls must he wide apart aod 
lanre in the iqs-uing-. the end uf no*e moist 
and cool In all Si tter* Ihr end of tbc nose 
should be black or dark lirer-rulored, except 
in white* or lemon and white: a pink no-o 
in them may la- pardoned. The jaw* should 
Is* exactly rental in length. The < ars should 
le hung well bsek and set low. nf moderate 
length, and slightly rounded at tire point. 
The lip* are not so full and pendent a* throe 
of lire Pointer, but at their angles there *liould 
l»- a alight fulness, ms notching quite to the 
extent of hanginc The eyes must la- full of 
animation and of medium size, the Ire— t color 
Iwinj a tirli brown nnd they should lie act 
with their angle* straight acroM. Tire Amer- 
ican standard atlarhr* to the points jurt *l« 
m ril*d n value of twenty out uf a hundred 
for tire full perfect Better, The neck of the 
Setter should la- long and it should deepen 
a* it ap|iriaM:he* tin shoulder*, joining tlrem 
in a graceful curve. Tire diouldcra and chest 
should display It la-tty in all directions, with 
sloping deep slioulih-r lilode* and eliiows well 
let down, and at hti ancle hriuging tbc four 
leg* well under the flog Tire cheat should 
be (hilt enough to allow the shoulder* lo lie 
flat nnd move u-ith fimlnm Tire weight 
*houM to- i!i*>rilwiled a* evenly a* posildc 
la-lwe*n the forward sod hind |(ar1«. The 
dixip lu the chest sliould be just hack of Ute 
ellaiwv. *l->jMog upward towaid the neck 
Buck of the play of shoulders tire rib* should 
bprrag gradually tuthv lul-idlt.ami then hr-!- 



FEBRUARY 2«, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


131 


en gradually 10 Um back rib, Ita greater tta 
length front the dioiditer* lit the last rib. nod 
the greater tlit* depth of the last rib. (lie U t- 
ter An arched loin is desirable. though it 
should not be exaggerated The Mlflenalwioid 
be well bent nod art wide apart. The elbow* 
and toe*. whirh generally mi together, should 
he *el Mraiglil ; ami if not. the " pigeon toe. ' 
or in-luroeii leg, U h-« objectionable Ilian lire 
out turn. The amt should ta uiuaeular and 
the hnnt* fully devehqietl with strong broad 
knee*, short pnslerti*. uf which the size in 
point of tame sImhiIiI lie n» great •» potalde, 
and their mope not exceeding a very slight 
deviation from a straight line. A* to fret, 
they ‘In mid I*- strong and aervleeabte. Some 
prefer the round eat fiKit. ami Milne the hare 
foot with hair between the tor*. Stonehenge 
prrfera the latter. Inti the American nliitnlnnl 
any* that either will do. The »Jeru. or tail, 
should ta curried alralgbl. or with alight 
curve upward, either slightly above level of 
hocli, or ilown. Then? should be no curl; it 
should taper to a Hue end. nud roach the 
hock v The fenther should hr rompowd of 
straight *ilkv bain, tapering to a point. 
The coal should lie Hal. with an iiWm-e 
of wave or curl. The feather stauihl be con- 
siderable. and fringe the leg*. Tint much 
stress muni not lie put u|Mia color, a* all 
Setters, other Ilian red or black and tun-, 
arc included ill ll»e dno* known u< English 
Setter*, and the color in Iblu lirassl i* largely 
a matter of fancy; aerate prefer black mill 
white, or Mack, while, and lun. other* lemon 
anil white, and Ollier* again liver and white. 
Much importance i* atlarlied to the wyntine, 
try of tlie Setter, and the stamlard give* this 
a value of ten jier cent. 

Tlie Gordon Setter I* n black mid tun. uud 
take* it* name from the fact tUut the Duke* 
of Richmond and Gordon long p<mc**ed a 
Strain of thnt color, The point* of the Gor- 
don lure very much Use same a* those of the 
Englwli Setter. The skull, however. U a lit- 
tie heavier, the none a Iritle wider, the Hag 
shorter, and the coal geiM-mlly harder and 
coarser The color i* the great distinguish- 
ing feature. Tlie blnck should be rldt. with- 
out mixture with the tan, and the latter 
itauld he a rich mahogany ml. without any 
tendency toward fawn. Stoaeltenge mye 
that the original Gordons were blnck, Ian. 
and while, but the bench *Iiowh disqualify 
all with other enhre* than hluck and tan. 
Tlie red Ian should lie ahown on lips. cheek*, 
throat, spot over the eye*, forelegs nearly to 
elbows, hind leg* tip to 'title*, ami on Use 
under aide of the Hag, hut not running into 
it* hair. 

There are two kind* of lri*h Setter*, "ted* ' 
and “white and roil*." tlie former bring pre 
ferred. The Irish differ* (nan the English 
Setter in that it* *kull i» somewhat larger 
and narrower, Use now) a trifle longer, lin- 
ear* arc more tapering, and the frame higher 
on the leg 

In bench shows each of thcae Setter* ha- a 
aeparnte clnsa. and there they do not rome iu 
co in petition. In Held trinl- He- Eiiglt-h tank* 
first. the IrUh second, and ibc Gordon tlitrsl. 
That very successful Held trial English Set 
ler Koderigo. and the *irr of more flehl trial 
dogs than any other, hu* hern a flr*t prize 
win tier at bench alKiwaalsn. linger. nuotber 
English Setter, the winner of the Free for nil 
Stake* at the Central Field Trial of im*. k* a 
Doted brnrh show winner. Willi Setters, a* 
with Pointer*, the be- 1 dog* Iu the *liow* are 
the lie*t In iltr fluid. 

A* the Seller and Puiutrriire the ino*i use- 
ful dog* to tlie American sporUman, llto Col- 
lie i* the moat useful to tlie buabamlman. 
lie is a wolf like animal, with erect or renti- 
er ect car*, poinlcd nnw-.iuid shaggy covering, 
nuffon regnnleil him n* the nunrett approach 
to the primitive type of any of the donimiic 
ring*, i ttlier more recent authorities. bow. 
ever, hold that it i* more reasonable t>> *up- 
jwmu- that lhc*c plant* only iiMtirale purity of 
breed, unalloyed by admixture with oilier 
varieties The fact that hi* life is *penl al 
mu»i entirely out of door*, mid that Ik- Itaa 
little or no opportunity of mixing with dug* 
other than of his own kind, would lend to 
pretservr unlloiniitv in estenud upi*wrai>i-i-„ 
while hi* high ceietiral development uud In- 
teHigenn- prove beyond a ikKlbt that the 
breed of Collie* U one of the most highly 
improved, and In this u>|kti remoti'*t from 
the primitive type. Ill* whole intHItcl ia 
devoted to tlie one duly of tending III* ma- 
ter * Hock*, and Iu I Im-" performance of this 
he ia equally sngnciou*. vigilant. mid pulh-ni. 
At is word or even a look from hi* ma*trr hi; 
will gather l Imi sheep, m altered for mile* 
mound, to one pkarr- During and after 
•now storm*, to whirh Highland district* lire 
m> frequently expoaed, tin- Collie i* Invalua- 
ble in Having Id* ma*zer'* property from dr- 
Btriictioo \\ itboul theCollic the Highland* 
of Scotland would tat almost u*citm> for 
■beep- farming puqKiM-s. The Kttrick Shrt» 
heril *ay« Hint without the Collie "It would 
require more habd* to manage a slock of 
sheep, gather lliem from the hill*, force them 
into hrm-e* ami fold*, ami drive them to 
market*, titan the proflu of the whole *li*k 
would >*• capable of irutmiiiiiilng Ihu win 
relate* that the abrepdog of Sooth A meric * 
live* on even more intimute term*- with hi* 
charges tlsaai Ills prototype in Scotland. 
•• When riding.“ anhl Ire. “It I- a common 
thing to meet a large flock of shrrp guarded 
by one or two dog* at a- distance -«f some 
mile* from any houae or man. '' And on in- 



been eaiablWicd. The dog when a puppy «= 


removed from It* mother, and is no longer 
allowed to uawN-ialc with other dog*, or even 
with the children of the family. It I* kept 
ill the »lie*-p pen, and suckled by a ewe. Gen- 
erally, a bo. it i* rata rated. aml’llui* hu* lit lie 
or no coniniiiiiity of feeling with it* kind 
Brought up among the alst-cp, it *Imiw* im> 
-Ic-liv to h-ave the flock, but awiiilH* the 
position of lender. “It is amitsiug. " sirs 
Itaiwin. “to observe, when npproiu king a 
flock how tlie dog immediately udvaiicr*, 
latrking, i>ii> I the sheep all close In Ilk* tear, 
a* if touod theohlesl mm." it come* home 
daily fur food. on reeeipl of wlih-li it return* 
In the flock : *iid thin it i* often taught to 
bring home in the evening. 

The ‘kail of Dm- Collie should he quite Hal 
uml ratlirr hniud with fine lufH-ring mimic 
of fair length, uud mouth tlie lea-l hit over- 
shot; the eye* widely utiart. almond sliapeil, 
anil obliquely net iu the head . the -kin of Ita 
Iwud lightly draw a. with no fohia lit tin- eor 
ner* of the mouth; the eur* iu small a* |*>ta- 
hie. -cml creel w|m-ii surprised or iMriilng, 
at other time* ilir-iwu liock uud buried in lire 
ruff. The neck *liouh| la- long, ttrlntl amt 
miiM-iilar; the shoulder* al»o long, doping, 
ami flue at the wither*: the Hirst deep and 
ii*i row iii front, tint of fair lircailih In-hind 
the shoulder*. The liark should lie short and 
level. with loin rather hukg.Moinew hat arclred. 
mid powerful Hmrii should he long, “wi' 
iipwanl curl " al tin- eud. tail iHirmully nir- 
rierl low. Tta forelegs dumhl ta |«encctly 
slrniglit, with n fair amount of tint tame: tlie 
pnsti-riH rather long, springy, and slightly 
lighter of bone than the red of the leg; the 
fool with I**-* well arrlo-d uud compact. *nhw 
very thick The hind quurlt-r*. drooping 
slightly, should tat very long from the hip 
tame* to the hock*, which should lie turn- 
ed neither Inward nor outward, and with 
stifle* well I tent. Tim hip tame* ahoiihl ta- 
wide, and milter ragged Tlie rami. except 
on leg* and head, should ta »- abundant a* 
pistil ilr; tlie outer cisst straight, hard, nml 
intlier hMT: the under coal furry, ami so 
dense that it wnuUI ta hard to flml tlie skin. 
The ruff and frill should ta very fttlL There 
should ta little feather on tta foreleg*, ami 
none below tlie hocks on the hinil leg*. 

Then- hit* tavu nitu-li ihaoi*-ion in times 
|xa*l in England and in this country as to Hie 
proper color for a Collie. When Collie* lv 
<-*mr fashionable in England a* toy dog*, 
tlie breed wa* more or lea* trussed wllli tlie 
Gordon .Setter, anil I Imi coat of tin; offspring 
wa* nearly always a beautiful glo**.v hluck 
ami tan. In lieiicli abowa thi* i-ro*M*l taccd 
is itisauulilicd when fmunl. and any indica- 
tion of It con It la ngainsl Hk- mnlcataDl. Tta 
American standard say* that the color of tta 
Collie is immaterial. Thi* la the ilewripliun 
Horns gives of hi* own dog taut I h: 

•• ll« ws* a liifli an' liilkM' l/fce 

A- ever l*|> » -lioKp ar ilrk* 

III* ImlMSf, MMIftir. tMUS Wl tlKSI 

Av e*1 aim trlnst* In Ilk* iiImtis 

III. 1.1-s-t was wMte, lit. t.incl. I.wik 

visit wp noil gl.u»T Mirk; 

III. /a* eh- tail. i*l‘ *|iunid nut. 

linn* oVr llto iuinlh* wl'a fwiirt - 

Tlie most siircnsfiil breeder of Collie* in 
America, the master of the Chramut Hill 
Ki-nuels, admits tlnil the breeding of these 
ting* for ta-ncb.slinw pi|nt* Im* not in tlie 
lenst eotilritaUrd to their utility. Iu Kuglaml 
fasliion ha* gnue further than it bus here, 
and one uf tlie very ta»t anllntrilii-*, writing 
of Ita lust show at the Crystal Palace, anys: 
“Let n* take a crilicwl view of tin; Collie* n* 
a w hole. Ob, what a falling off is there' l.i-t 
those wIk» liave xvtl sttcii dogs a* Trefoil. 

Cockie. mid Hem at their ta-st conjure up 

their linage*, ami ri impure them with tbo»c 
of to day. Along the tatnrhe* dog after dog 
would have I w-ii by jndgre. nud would uun 
by slM-plM-rd* ta dn htnl a pretty toy , hut u* 
a Collie a weed. Many of the dog* ami a 
large majority of the htlcbea are unilerdxi*l 
weaklings that would ta- washed away in a 
luoiiutaiu storm unh-s* carried in tta pike 
of the shepherd's plaid." Thi* criticism of 
tta English la'iich show Collie wa* shown to 
one of Ita men l*-»t infnnncil on llii* subject 
in this country uud he raid that hi* iihu-rvu 
Hun of the tendency in England confirmed 
what has Iwn quoted, hut lltat a* yet it did 
not apply here. IlKmgh It l* likely to Is- 
ontially appliruhli- in A merit* in a short 
while if we du not sternlr decline to Imitate 
lire fnult* of the English tireeder*. 

< >ne of the tni»t pipular dog* in this cutin 
try i* the Fox-terrier. Tln-re arc many nf 
them in nil the varinits i:hw« at llu- ta’-nrli 
allow*, ami i-tiinpHllbm fur |trl*n» i* »lwa>* 
keen lie was originally bml ami kr|il a* 
no ivhlition to every pin k of Fox hound*. 
iM-liig quick enoiigh to ta- up in n very few 
minuir* after runniiiKa fox to grouinl, T'in-u 
the Icrrler would gti to gnnind, ami liy In* 
persistent snappiug start lire fox so tliai the 
rlune could ta- re-umed. Ifccvntl)', however, 
the Fox Imuml ha* tanunc *o fast that the 
Fox terrier cannot keep up with a puck, and 
therefore hu Ita* to ta; i* tried on horseback. 
In this country, where real fox hunting 
amount* to next to nothing, the Fox ti-trh-r 
«h*-> not serve ■ vm tin* liurpmi. Hut Ire i» 
a gentleman like little fellow, ami particular 
Iv compininnable lit-* < Irunliur-i* ami giwsl 
nmuiier* generally make him v»-ty acei-piahle 
a- * dog to enjoy tire privilege* of the boil*c. 
while til* pluck, activity, and aprtghllluisu 
eommaml re»pct and ailmiralion As an 
uxterniiimtor of vermin he has no superior 
in t)u Tmier group He should have • Hal 
hnu!. nutrow twiwtcn the eyes, hut wider ta 
twecu tta cuts; these should he set nithcr 


lan-k, tall Im- Howe to the cheek, and should 
ta -innll ami thin. The eye- sImhiIiI Ire -mall 
nud keen: mere black ; shoulders straight but 
Hot loo whir, rl.eet full Hlld njlllld. blll Hot 
deep: neck ligltl.aml cvmiing gntccfullv out 
of tire sliiHildrr. tack powerful, mill thiclis 
well Im-iiI anil strung; leg* and f<cl si might 
and »irohg: coat flue. Iiut hard and silkv. 
'Hu- Weight -lionhi notexeeed sixteen pmimf*. 
Strim-lM-nge any*, but the Atirericiili -landnrd 
■dare* the maximum al four pnmd* higher 
While should predominate in the rulur. with 
lilaek-tutd tan marking* about tta head A 
year or so ago I saw iu the inruagerti- ill 
i 'cut ml I talk our id tta-*- la-Hiiiifiil little 
beasts ehaini'il in the same cont|>ai1nii'nt w jilt 
an iinnietiM- elepbant. They were evidently 
goial friend* in gi-treml. hut tire elr)dmut. 
with all apparent sense of humor, kept drop, 
liiug straw nn llu- lau-k id Hie letvh-r. At 
lust hi* temper wiis nroused. nud he rudteil 
at hU rompanioll a* thougli ta* would eat 
him up nl once. The i-h-pluml gut lun-k a* 
far a* Ire rswilil III lire ronrer of tin- compart 
iim-iiI, nnd seemed Irving to make hiuiM-lf a* 
-Innll n* jsi—lhle. The dug liiggril at hi* 
chain mid growled angrily I fmicieil that 
I «hw n very Inml smile on the eh-phiuii * 
fare Certainly tln-re wa* liunnit enough In 
tlie -iliinlion to iiuikc unv tiling in a in*iii*alr 
huigli heart II v The Fox terrier dure not 
know what fear is ami this ia iireiilioued 
tm-rely n* an ill«i*lmiion. 

The IHikhMii miuiI i« mg a favorite in till* 
cxiitniry. and his disrepute ia donlalew due 
to Mi* Stowe and the Imitator* of the t'nrt* 
T>w'» IMiu style of lilemtiite A gentler 
or more traetnlihi dog than the llhsul liminil 
wa* never liml, mid when Im- traces hi* vic- 
tim tie ih re- imi re-ml him lituh from limh. as 
lire flash slofire we have mid woubl li-inl II* 
to tallrve. Mr talwin ltr»iigh. the most 
siu-eessful IUimhI luiillid hinder III Kllgtauil. 
say* that ir a well brv*l dog id thi* kind Ire 
kept aa a companlou and inwparahh- ftieml, 
Ita owner t» likelvr to lircouie a fauiitie in 
favor of the tweed. “Under three cireum 
stun ere." hr mntinm*. "tin- linund'a imi i- 
vhluulily is ilrvchqred. mid bis «-u|mcily il« u 
grawl corn rude will Ire chiefly ih lennilu*l liy 
the inli-Higcm-c uml fniternlly of bin human 
asMK-Intc. Hr l* i-s-« at hillv ami pre- i-mineiit- 
ly a gentlemanly dng, and when you hare 
once won hi* esteem, he may Ire (li'iiemled 
upon tw your stanch, trusty, anil lift-long 
friend, lie hits a solemn, stalely I rear- 
ing, mid it thoughtful, ingenuous c\prc-*lolt. 
which Is quite in keeping with his stately 
birth.*' 

Sinte lime ago when the iintrih-rs in White- 
chapel. Immlon. hiol taflh*l tta effort* of 
Ita |Miliee to delect Ita guilty niiidiiuui. Mr. 
Hrough was usk<*l to make *o’nic rxitrri meats 
with Uhioil hound* This In- dpi. Tta re- 
sult, though not satisfactory. convinced him 
that in a few gcm-rntiiMis of ran-fill lirreding 
front dogs traiiMsi to hunt the clrnti Immk on 
a trail tin bard ground or toiiils or puve- 
mriilN, lire Hlood IiuiiimI n ould Ire able iu tlu; 
most crowded thoroughfare to tlnil llu- per 
arm Ire wu* mil ill MW roll of. There is only 
otic kennel in this i-oiinlry in which tire 
llhiod-honiMl ia lm*l, mid "that, singularly 
ctMMlsfa. considering tire rcganl in whti-li lire 
dog is grin-rally held and the nu-lltorlre tire 
im-ntion of his nanre remits, is not in tire 
South, tint in Vetnioot. No Irene h • *hnw 
tsMumillts* coiiltl ln-lter defltre the |ioilil« of a 
III ni*| hound Hum Tlre-cus did iu n MnUiim 
tmr ,V ighl'n Ihvnm : 

“ Jtjr JmiiiihIs are »-reH inn uf rlir M|«rl*n Xliiil, 

n r!*.X Annra! a*.« 'itol °ImmI Ilk* b*lls ; 

Mon In linisiill, toil BMIrh'it la muulli Ilk* bells, 

Kn-k iniilre earn. A rrj amr* lonralil,- 

W «» sever h.illn'il m, *•>* clm-rVI with liuru. 

I* t - r*l*. in tq*.riM, nor la Tlito-oit - 

Jmlgi-, wtrea )*« treat." 

The-*- dog* went out of fashion a grant 
many year* ago. anil they were not much 
Itangli't of till the dog shows mine lo their 
rew-ue. A few old fnmilre* iu England, how- 
ever. hail kept tire breed, mid from these Ita 
nolde Irensts we now nee are; descended 

The Fox liouud has bml expt-mled upon 
him more earn ami attention in England 
during lire |*xst two or three ci-ntiirir* than 
miy other dog. and the effect of all this Is 
that he i* now altnn<l perfect, if not entirely 
~o. for the purpose for which Ire I* intended. 
Fox hunting in the English m-il*c ha* never 
found any flrnt f<*itlii>lil In this country, anil 
therefore tin- Fox hound i« of minor inq*ir- 
liuier among our rnrlmt* dugs. This hniunl 
i* hreil. however, ami bred from mrefnlly 
seh-cted English strains. There are several 
■NK-k* k*-|«t in Hm- iii-iglilsiiieiisl of New 
York, uud thougli a* a rule they do not Hud 
anal cha«e a wild fox, the riding’ am*** i-imiii 
try after an anise seed ting U will! by *nmu 
to ta a* ill'll li spisrt ns when a raul and wily 
fox i* aflehl ami doing his best to tafllu bis 
pursuers 

Thi Harrier *r*| tin- Hengb- are also souk 1 
wlml bml. nml for each uf tlir**-. |rel/es arc 
offered at the bench shows. Tltey ara* only 
miiiiuiuiv hiMiii'l*. and for the same masons 
that hull lids lire not III grm-tal use. these dogs 

Tire Mastiff i» a flue nol ih- looking animal, 
amt III temper I* itwsl to ta depended oil of 
all the Urge alid powerful <|og* tatng rX 
tranrely dm jle and mui|ianioiiahlr. though 
pomriued *if the highest courage lie bn* 
often lieen in**il wllli the Ni-wfoundUnd 
and BIikm! hound mid either crows )s a ih-g of 
h very savage nature, while the pure I weed 
will nut oil any provocation hurt a cluld or 


cre-n a small dog Tlieroovt remarkable attri- 
bute of lilt* breed Is his fondnem for affording 
protection. Tins dog is now taiug bred at 
many of lire kennels, me I it Is pretty certain 
Hint if the breeder* arrive at wliat Ita Amir 
lean standard mils far. this dog is likely lo 
improve nil Hm- time HrnoctM-uge'a points 
are-, a hmul of large size, tat wren that of the 
IHoiMl-hound and Bull dog in shupe. having 
lire voluure of mu-rli- of tire latter, with tin- 
th wa anil muzzle of Hie fumrer. though, of 
isKtr**-. not m-arly so deep lire ear tatng of 
*niall size, tail drooping like I but of Hi« 
hound Tlie teeth generally incut, but. if 
anything, there is u slight proluliermice of 
the lower Jiiw. tu-vev talng imcoveretl by the 
tipper lip. like three of the llull-dog ■ eve 
"•mill. In "biipc IlK-te I* eotv*Mh-nibli; sim- 
ilarity to tlu- lintmd. but nuti-h henvUv; loin 
ninqini't nud puwerful. iuhI linili* strong: uil 
very ‘lightly rough, mid ra tried high over thu 
tan k when cxcilisl: voice very deep and so- 
nonius; cml smooth; color red or faw u and 
white— the latter mixture objected to." In 
the main the*e point* colnchte with the tic 
M-riptiiHi ]>romulgHlrd hr llir Anreriemi Miis- 
tllf (Tub. Formers and country folk gener- 
ally wlui need wairluUigs should give utlen- 
Holt to lid* variety. 

The St. Ih-niur.l dog I* closely mIIm* 1 to lire 
Mastiff. Imi rewemhles lire NewfotllMilalld ill 
teni|ier nml In tire ill‘|K*>ltliHi to feieh nud 
curry Every one i* familiar with lire wmt- 
derful "tovles’lohl of the adventures of Hicsa 
dugs in the AI|m, TIu-m- dog* are bud at 
more than half n dozen kenm-ls, most of 
Ibi-ru in MiuMiu-lmu-tia. and thi-Hdef of them 
nil being Ita- « licquasst-l Kenm;l lauu-asler. 
MareaHlUto-lt* Of this kennel Mis* Whit- 
ney i* the proprietor, uud she i* mi good an 
authority that the St. Beruartl Chib tuctnn- 
ini-nils her lo tanrli show commiUrc* a* a 
| It viper |ier»*in fora Jitiii'*-. Both varielle* of 
ii fat dag Um mhim nod Ike — will l t w > 
atnlulih; uml kindly naliire*. ami air very 
suitable for the rompnnioik*hlp of wimren 
ami clillilren. 

Next lo tta- Blood-hound tire Bull tlog is 
popularly looked upon ns the nm*l otijec- 
tiniMhle of Hie nice. Tills dog is said to 
I lave little intelligence and no affection, ami 
so distinguished an authority n* Frederick 
Cuvier usseita this Mr .Mill Gilwotl also 
adopt* thi* view in bis article iu the AVry- 
Hnpmfut Ihit.iuuifii. |t |a e— einially n tlulit- 
ins dog, and was formerly bred for "the licu- 
tal sjmvt of hull halting. Iu which it* tcrriliht 
ohsiinary u*uiillr gave it the victory. It dif- 
fer* from ollrer dog* in giving no wanting of 
it* titlark by preliminary barking, and when 
it lilts otM-e flxisl It* teeth iu lire object of its 
attack, m> aiiinuut of torture will ruu*r it to 
relax it* hold. Colonel Hamilton Smith says 
that Ire Im* seen * Bull dog pin down an Amer- 
ican bi-mu. nml hold Iii* uisa- lo tin- ground 
till the animal brought forward it* hind 
feet, and crushing Hie dog to dentil, tore hi* 
muzzle out of tta- fang*. Many ■log fan 
eirrs maintain Hint the Bull dog t* much 
wumgnl. not only by w-irntifle authorities, 
but by common re|*»rt. One of tlretn mia 
lliat lie I* u* intelligent u* other dogs, l--.it 
lia* been prnuiltrri to do willMMIt edurnlioll 
fur so long tlnil Im; doe* not learn quickly. 
Another *av* Unit tire Bulldog I* bliiured 
for all lire wii keil thing* which mongrel* ill 
wlileh the I -ii 1 1 |•r1"lotlllllnles have done. 
Another, Mr. II. • D. Krndnll, nf l^iwell, 
MasMachiiwIt*. *ny> “The true Bulldog is 
lire kindest anil must trustworthy of frinid*. 
and ns u coriipnn lun for cblldrt-ti without an 
equal. Where it *»* impotable to keep a 
M vstiff, lie is lire l*-*l putable watch-dog. 
Few pctsouR wish to keep a dog of such 
nasty temper that be will bile a slnutger with- 
out ’provocation, but every one can fed that 
wi person with u guiltr conscience will in- 
trude where tta- fori tabling face of our friend 
tta Bull-dog warns him lo beware. A* an 
exeftor of moral Influence ta i* without an 
equal in tta- canine world “ Mr. James Mor- 
timer n Imi ink— Mr KenduH's view of tta 
Bull-dug. ami with both of llrese BtonehcDge 
agree*. 

The Bull terrier, a cross between Ibc Bull 
dog and Hm- English Terrier was originally 
bred fur bttdgcr iiuntiug ami for pit ticlitmg 
Both of thesi; ItTUlaJ sports have gone out of 
fashion, mid been prohibited by luw In Eng 
laud and this country, ami lire occupation of 
tire Bull terrier is gone. He is tired somew hat. 
Imwrver, and is *eeti in the bench show*. 

The toy dog* are tilmucrl loo many lu enu- 
merate. The Pug ami tlie Skye Terrier ate 
pmlratily tin- favorites, though Fox terriers 
are now kept liy many who formerly were 
content with there less active dog*. Tire 
French PinhIIc Its* al-o ta-vu given much 
uUeiiiinn. lie i* n womlcrfiilly intelligi-nt an- 
imal. anil can li-nrn almost anything which 
tlie master lilts path-tree to teach Inin He Ih, 
wilhmil qiresliou, the bc*t trick dog tif all. 
Tta IhmdU- Diuntont, which wa» introduced 
In tta general public so plt-iuuiutlv by Sir 

ing in favor 

Dog breeding in Anrericn l»»* attained Ibc 
proportion* of a large latsines*. nml all tin- 
taeedi-r* Stllre more *ir le** to have tlu-lr 
dog* come up to thr tam-h -show stamlanU. 
Thi* i* im**i praise wurlhy. hut miles* tb>-«u 
dog* ins-1 for perfwilon" of confonnaiion, 
ta nl-- i-doenU'd uml tbi-ioitghly tunned, 
ear Ii t«i do the work for whic h nature in 
tended him, lire henrli *ho»* III thr end 
will have aCCOKph*hrd -inly a «mall part of 
Ita purpoM fur which ttar xrazo maugu- 

»““• Digitized by VjOOgle 


152 


Dare 



THE FUNERAL OF GENERAL SHERMAN IN NEW YORK— THE GREAT 




153 



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PASSING MADISON SQUAllE.— D raws by T. be Thclstrep.— [See Paoe 154.] 


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HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17*4. 


154 


SHERMAN'S FUNERAL. 

Tai hat boo on puiii to the lul Aotriw 
litruTtl in New yurts Thursday wen* moot 
uabHlouo nod nihadkl, l«jt tire result wat 
liitnii)’ fotWoctonr. The funeral of OmmiI 
Omni excepted, New Yuris never displayed 
»urli ii strong ilwire to honor Hit nrenion of 
• soldier, bill New York Wit home Uml 
amt disappointed. Tilt display biul not risen 
to ttin dignity of ilit orcnaiun TheiU-sirv on 
the part of tiie military aulburilhw win* there, 
Hit men wore tlten*. ilit great mas* of spec- 
tutor* wu then, and made u living valley 
through which Ilit loigeunt could paw. Hut 
the display w** ill-arranged.' the move im- 
posing anil hulking frutiiii'Kif tire procerelori 
were kept to tire test, until so Isle Out only 
a single mw of »|<rclaror* remained to walt li 
tbtffl Ak l>y in tin- twilight-, and a funciint) 
which should have been impressive wu mi- 
derail monotonous. On sti occasion of tills 
singular imirertance the people wlio were *o 
willing, mid who cnme iu such great nwiei 
hjii I from Mii'h groat distances, could have 
been given a *|vclac!e which tlrey would 
I tare rmrembertn and «pok*-u of with awe. 
The militia ami Wait Point cadets should 
ham firet KStlarod Hip eye* of iliu Hfrecmior* 
wilb the dignity of their hruring and tbe 
complete acre of their appearance, Hot In 
ntawi of this the long column of the O. A K. 
whs allowed to occupy the better part of the 
a fu- raw in in int«aing a given point 

And though no iitlier* < interred more fitly 
a pluoe Itehtad tbe gr? at commander, the 
tnorr brilliant Mihlicry would have added 
more to tbe dignity of the pageant, and hot- 
ter satisfied the thousands who turned away 
wearied when they should have been Ini- 
p reared 

Tl»e Tuesday nod Wednesday before the 
funeral. General Sherman ’l family yielded to 
tire preomre of tbe thousaniis anxious to see 
the hero of Atlanta, and opened the door* of 
the house in Seventy-first Street where the 
General died, ami where bis hotly lay In a 
flag-draped casket. Tbe first day few peo- 
pie heard of tbe opportunity, and not more 
than a thousand passed ih<- doom. But tin? 
sernnd day the line extended aioug the block, 
turned tbe corner, and ended half-way to 
Severny second Street. All day loug until 
almost’durk uu unbroken si ream of people, 
mImoI buys and girls, old men ami nld wo- 
men. rich men and beggar*, passed through 
tin- dimly lighted parlor* and looked upon 
the face of I be ileail man. 

General Sherman* face looked very nntu- 
ral in tbr pule light from the seven bninched 
rniidclnlsrum at the head of the coffin. It was 
the sunt* strong, stern face that is ut famil- 
iar to the American people. He was in llic 
f ill uniform of his rank, ami upon the cud 
of the rofiln luv hi> dress sword uml wuliburd 
i roused, with ills General's hat hud upon 
them. The second day a big bunch of vio- 
lets in v upon the glii-s of we etia Just 
behind tire candelabrum was n large pillow 
of violets Meut hy Hie widow of Admiral 
Porter In the midst of her own great 
sorrow she bud not forgotten (lie sorrow' of 
otltcrs. Near It was a great design of lilies 
ami roses sent hy the President of the Unit- 
ed States ArainM tbe walls ou nil tide* 
thetv were hanks of llowcrs and [laltns mid 
evergreens sent hy friends ansi admirer* iu 
•li parts of the country, 

Ktrly Thursday morning the signs of the 
great curctnoninl that was to occur In the af- 
ternoon were apparent block* away from the 
house in every direction. The people came 
first, and throngi-d nii the nvrntics of ap- 
MMcfc HtdoMl] tint Um Inter arriving mil- 
nary could scarcely form. 

Tlie parlors were mi small that only a few 
wore* of people were admitted to them. 
When tiie cofiin, home by soldier*, at last ap- 
peared. nil there and in the street took off 
their hats, while the military presented arms. 
Then came the pallbearer*, a-, follows Ma 
Jnr General Schofield Major General l|ow- 
aol. Hear. Admiral llruine. Hear Admiral 
Green. Profe-w II. I. Kendrick. General 
Joseph K. Johnston Major General Slocum, 
Major Genera I Sickle*. Major General Dodge. 
M ujor General i 'or*. Major General Swayne. 
Major General Woodford. 

Following these cnme the nvourncr* — the 
son and the ilmightci*. the bmu train of rela- 
tives from Ohio and oilier \\ extern Slate*, 
for tile Sherman cotitiecthMi i» large. When 
tbe mx sergeant* who Imre tire coffin bud 
p?acr*t it upon tire enisxivii. the escort of hon- 
or from the Lafayette Un*t of the G.A It 
formed on either nolo. Then I Im- column I io- 
ta n to move, Itcfore t Ire tai»«i|) a great n >:tl- 
black charger was led. lie had ii|hui lii*laick 
lire boots. the spur*, the noddle, the pistol*, 
and the sword of General Shi-rumii. Fol- 
lowing tire caisson Were the rnrringcs con- 
taining tiie relatives. Tlren came tire cur 
riages with the iJUliitgiiidred prtwsn attend- 
ing the funeral, In thaw carriage* people 
along the route rw.ignixtd a score of men 
wbr»»o face* arc known lit every pHrt of the 
United Hutto* , and n score mure who ore 
known by reputation. There were the Presi- 
dent, bis cabinet, ex President Have*. *-«. 
l’mulent Cleveland, promim-nt Nmators 
and meinbor* of t’cmerw*. the Gutenim of 
New York, distiiiguisled officer* »f the army 
and navy, men w|m> mad*' liallonn) tepulH- 
tion* under the immortal I him*, of wlumt 
Hberaiuti is the.- l««t to tile. 

Two fniinii-s of the iHirnde were especial* 
ly llOllctwblf one was the fuel that with but 
one or two exception* the men in the crowd 
(lid nut uucuvei' ua the cull,u [mnshI i.vtwccu 


the double row, and the other vra* the sub- 
dued but quite conspicuous cheering and 
applause which greeted ex- President Ororer 
Cleveland a* he rode post. He was the only 
distinguished person age iu the pruotssiou m 
slgOHlHxi out and hoimrixl. 

After (he carriages entire tire thouaiuid* 
upon thousand* of the Grand Army, the 
I .oval I.cgion, tbr National Gitatd, aod other 
orfuluiHU. All along ilte line <>f march 
flags were flying at half mast, buildings 
were decorated with black, people filled the 
sidewalks and pmsed far out into the 
M reel, leaving but n narrow alley, through 
which the priarasion pawed. 

It tiKik its way tlirougli the great avenire* 
of the city, with the leii-hofM- ahead, the 
solemn strains of music, tire glitter aod pomp 
of military ami naval uniforms, the splendor 
of tire line* of gray haired veterans, who will 
**■ mm*i follow tlreir leader Into the grave; 
with the funeral Hags floating above, and the 
s*d music marking tbe march of ten thou- 
sand amt more. 

At the ferry the procession dUbundcsl, rvml 
tire remain* started on the Journey to St. 
I-ouLs ill the funeral train with the military 
escort mid the family and relative* A* tire 
train left Jersey City the caniuni were still 
I -Riming, and tire hells of Jersey City church 
es were lolling. There were few stop* made 
on the way to St. Loul*. but at every sin- 
ti<m of sire the G A. It [real* and tire peo- 
ple were assembled. There were firing of 
gun* urn! rolling of dium* a* tire train puMU-d 
by. Knell village- and each city «u draped 
in mourning, ami the half-masted fiitg* could 
lie weu from afar. The train moved through 
a country tl>H( » a* filled w ith *adtH*a at Um 
hv»* of lire dead man, and aoxlotM to pay all 
honor to hb memory . 

In St. Louis the "demonstration wo* Midi 
a one as that city liad never seen before. 
The old General* sentiment* regarding tire 
war were well known, nod it> he Trail wished 
it in life, he found it In death. Sectional 
feeling was nut know n in paying honor to 
the nrao, He was borne to hi* grave with 
all the ceremony and till lire feeling that thn 
last of the Generals of the Republic deserved. 


AN OUTLINE IN UMBER. 

Ttltt mail had Just come in. and tha leather 
lxig which held it lay on the counter of Joel 
Hbn Hue's store in a tan colored heap, tire 
limpness of which suggested only an ele- 
mental notion of cvinU-nls. 

Joel Shat tin.- himself, a tniddh ap-d man 
with a M|ii»re looking tread, which mini into 
lit* lowly like a plug of pine, stood fingering 
the meliil clamp* acros* the sack's upper 
edge, his heavy face exprensive of u settled 
gloom . 

'• Kf this thing goes oo.“ he mid. glancing 
toward a group of men in the space about 
the stove. " 1 don't know but I'll her to give 
up mv job ' And a* Ire spoke hi* ejo* i«- 
tunied to (lie mail suck. 

•*! wouldn't fed tltet ways. Unde Jod." 
moderately ie.lviw.-d an elderly man huddled 
on • BIOImmm barrel. Ills buoted leg* crotaed, 
his chin tirarril from conlart with a blue cot- 
ton skirl hy a lath like wclion of still gray 
beard. 

"Oil, you wciuhln'l!" demurred Mr. Hliat- 
tuc. a suspiciously satiric quality iu hU 
voice— "you wouldn't, hunk* Wdl, tbe 
tiling of » Is, Jake, I don't gen 'ally regedale 
niysc'f on other men's not amt*. I say agin. 
1 turn right otre»»y Iu my alotnadt ev'y luat 
tune thi* yar » k gits piu-lred oul of nuinljer 
ten— ldo for a fack. Um that (dumb shore 
t liar won t Ire tratv thing in it for the Hnetts 
folk* that 1 liain'l iketrrlv got the sand to 
open tire bag 1 fer) like I wtutl to leave It 
lireked. " He fetched tlir csiuntrr a smart rap 
with his shut fist, and glowered upiui tire 
oilier men. who at once aw-umed expression* 
indicating an inteui« interest in the stove— a 
small red-hot affair glimpsing on Its devotees 
through three triangular ufreniitgs, like u very 
ugly Idol with a trio of ternble eytw. 

"Well, for me," presently advmocod the 
mau <>n the tuirrcl. "1 duti't look to gU uo 
mail today; but still. Unde J<»d, look like 
it 1 * utily firir to the town ex Itirt sack ought 
to la: undid. - S I say, I fed riglit with you'n* 
Ixiul ba' Jam- Hwetl. D law! I've knowrd 
thn gyrl M-nre- sire wasn't ih. heftier than a 
rich-, sixabk- leriHtcrcr worm. Rut yit I 
don't reckon ex the world'* mutt' to quit jest 
ruz Ha' Jane's sot her mi mi oil a man thrt 
never Hhoweil Iter tu> ajv-dnl favor, uo non-'u 
ls-iu' sort ub smiU-y an' sof'-spuk<-n. like he 
wa* t« ev'y js-TMid." Hr Cleared his Ihrual. 
iiosl adderl. 'Tain t right good Judgement 
to do ua uul'n the mail Vuz Hn' Jam 's ls-iiu ~ 
rf y.ai want to call him thrt— her went plumb 
lawk oil her." 

Mr. Shaitue'a eytw. which won- era) and 
lmd a shifting movement under bi* brows as 

.it two atari iTtttiilca, ohacrvwl tha other man 
with an ominous and unusual steadiness, 
*' Kf any nran lows to question my jedge- 
tnent." be la-gan. in w tentative voice, " he 11 
liud biswrlf tacklin' the laggest contract—" 

•• It law-' ye*." hroke in tbe object of this, 
with a deprecatory lair»t of mirth, whidi, 
while it *|iread ItFs lean cheeks in a wide 
smile, left bis eyes free to olao-rvc any ten- 
dency of tire postlnnslerV ham! toward a 
hip pocket. ' Tlret's so. Uncle Joel You 
do treat tire Jews fur jnlgenrent! Yes. sirs" 
—turning to the res* of the men. who wvre 
taking in the controversy with lire atwlrac- 
1ii.lt of COUOtOBMIK Wldcll llulkalcs a Mctn 
juicniMiu of ueuliulity — ' Uve always belt 


tin t Unde Joel Hhattuc kin dawn any man 
in tire district for common boss treuao an' 
naldlH wit, I honor von, Uncle Joel, for 
being slack about o|renln' that y»r bag. I 
got daughter* my own an' I’d hate to 
see arr one Of 'em lookin' like a lighllllii n*l 
I In** pinin' to git won! of twnre uu 'r uther " 
He drew up rather suddenly. The door 
had opened with a warning click, ami * wo- 
mnn stepped arroas the threshold, her slender 
young figure revealed with an effect *>f in- 
Icvtse fragility nguins* tin- oak crowned knob 
bdiinil her. A d wind li tig still ltd of yellow 
id* hsir itrayed acroa* one pale cheek, and 
Mime I, *ise short locks lay on her brow* alsivu 
tbe a»i I InlentDeM of wide, »oft eye* brim- 
ming with tire pathetic violet of autumn di»- 
totice*. A gaudy pt«id abawl canopied her 
head, and a* *lre drew Dear the counter and 
saw the mail sftek Ring ulMKH-ned upon it. 
her liaml* gave a nrrvmis Rutter, and the 
sluiwl fell over her shoulders. 

" Mail not handed out yet' she *nid. with 
a piteous affectation of carelessness. "I'm 
suit of early. I didn't kecr much about 
cornin' down today, hut inaw sire lied a sort 
of feelin’ I bet Irmyls; her folks iluan It* Rus- 
sell County might have tent word. " 

Sbc leaned against lire cotiuler with an air 
of wear! ires*. Irer atendwrociw. her heavy yel- 
low hair, anil tiny, sharply marked freckles 
giving her lire hsjk of a cowslip Ireodtug a 
little on its lung stem 

"Ye*, yes." said Mr. Hliattuc. diving for 
a key attached below the counter hy mi-ana 
of a Icing chain; "Um late IimIhv. Look 
like these feller* git in hynr and talk till I 
am lioul run destrnctesl. Set dow n, Ha’ Jane. 
I'll run thoo the stick Iu half a minute dow. 
You Marl J.ypc. give Mi** Swell that yar 
chair. 

At this Mart Lype. u l**y linking voting 
man. with low bran s thatched in black hair, 
and a broil re throat girt in a scarlet handker- 
chief. tilled himself forward. 

" will you tret. Mlsa Swell?" be question- 
ed. without fetkliin 
Tbe girl shook lrer head. '* I rutber stand 
up," *hr mtiTmtircd, hungrily eying lire poM- 
master as Ire shuflUxi several bew»|aipcni in 
Manila wrappers. There were only two 
letters. These Mr. Similar avoided a* if 
tbrir wblloneaa tUMeMed ktpromr to hb mind. 
He had a definite idea that neither of them 
wna for Sarah Jane Swell, and be felt him 
self a poltroon and coward when be thought 
of turning up lire enclosurea. 

"Jrat wait a minute." Ire muttered; "be 
back iGnsklf ” 

He took a Vraiple of vtrldee, and diwtppear- 
ed through a ihsir at hi* left Wlren Ire rattle 
hack hli face wore n took of defiant assur- 
ance. and Mime amherisli dro|w hung in his 
board. 

"'Mr Kill*- lluglre*.' he announced, in a 
voice of chaUeiigr. pu king up the first tetter. 
•'H)ar yar. Rube. Reckon it'* from thet 
gyrl o' yourn down in Liberty." Then lie 
look up the second envelope, and hi* hand 
visibly sluMik. " Thi* on * from your kin in 
Bracken. Mart." he said, and cwt lire lelter 
into the hliu'k-ltrnwcil youth's band*. 

The gitl facing him did not move. One 
slight wrist lay along tbe dark wood, ami Irer 
brown linger* clutched nl the sharp edge ns 
if it mere a plank to which sire dung a* the 
waters nf ijiotppi.inlmi'iit went over her 
" Uncle Joel." abe faltered. In a husky 
tunc. I— you — you tii.n'l rvt-r Iruvr M 
mall stuck eenside lire sack, do you?" 

As she said this sire *udlrd at Inin with a 
pitiful kind of coquetry in ber pretty pullid 

•' 1/inl. no, So' Jane!" exclaimed the post- 
mauler. " I never—" 

■| know! I know'" sire cut in, with a 
broken *<>rl of iHtigh: "hut look like Ibu 
I axiom of tbet bag *5aiwU u|i like (buy might 

la'-" 

Mr. Shaltuc trs>k tire sack by it* tiottom 
ridge and sliook it. "You at*?" be said, 
w ith a sort of gU*>my oink' 

She gat he red her Mtawl almut hrr trend 
without a woid, anil in tried uml went out. 
and the ih aw clanged iichiud to r. 

The man on tlir tuurn-l observed (lie hairy 
bark of lil* hand with an air nf imparital 
criticism. " I'd put my hull tcrlmccer crop 
on it tbi t she won t never hen! arr word of 
Jim Crawford agin." He <uiil this slowly. 
Mart Lype laughed, hia booted legs waving 
in the air a* In* tilled liinio-lf lark against 
the wall. "Jim, Ire was a great one," Ire 
commented; " fine lookin' felh-r. Jirn Al- 
ways got me llret hr ever [mill 'tendons to Su’ 
.lime, nothin' to look at. Si Jane ain't." 

"Yon don't know no more 'Imut hsiks 
then a tadpole <|oe« about honey .' nrcued lire 
pocliiutsti-r. " Su Jatre'fca giaitblookill' gyrl 
an' a giRsl gyrl. Timi good for Jim Urau-- 
ford. rtirnfouniii-d young roosU-r! I wh-lit 
Ire in ver diowi-d hi* fin, li. ri-utinul* tuniih' 
gyrl*' tread* with hi* high -colored lirckires 
and fine talk. Tu/. hn liup|>eii<*l to run the 
engine from Irerc to Wnynesvillc. Ire jest 
iiaichdly ‘ pc* red i<. wi hlaot f d'ar up 
over crmntrv boys." lie w i]s-,| hi* tirow*. 

Wbar ut did Ire go from here? Blame ef 
I don't feel like w rilin' bint a piece nf my 
mind." 

Tire man on the laurel gave n cluck of 
approval. "Fir*' trate Idy." he commeutril. 
shipping hi* kmc. " 'Tt* so. Say. uncle, 
jest you write 'n' tell him w Imi Uawy < uunty 
tliinli* nf a feller like tiiin Go on. uncle! ’ 

" Blaine ef I don't fed lik<- it." ninsril .Mr. 

B battue, laiwjlih-ixrl wild charmed With the 
surer** of hi* uoiioii. "Any one know 
wltat a letter d rvacb him? He got a run uu 


tire Queen V Crewceot. didn't he? Look 
like I got the idy off n mmim o' you boy* " 
Ha glam-ad at ilia othera with c-iialleuge in 
in* m, 

"Reckon '(wtt# me named it." admitted 
Mart Lype, cutting a cwdngof dry mud from 
hi* bool sola wilb a jack Unite. ' ’ Yen, I 'low 
I told you. He got a lun to Nash* ilte, 1 tat 
lierr. three mottllis ago mute Hex' f 'hncsdy 
Hell ! Day Ire left, him and me *un takin' 
sotiMUhiu' together, mini and man. and Jim 
he nay*— sot spoken feller. Jim— 'Mart,' Ire 
*»)*. ‘I'mkinduh wirry Utu rent in 'thi* row n ■ 
be says, ' and yit kiniluh glad. I m a grr t 
favorjtc on Dead w<*ud.' say* in 'Folka 
here u jest my style, lull I'm kimiiih 'fnir’d 
Sh' Jane Swell * glllln' too — welt. It's this 
wav: die likes me mighty well, Su' June doc*, 
and I'm a euf beiirtcd 'coun. I am D'know 
liut I'd u»k her to net Utc day ef I ketdred 
Irer lookin' at me tha way* she does some 
timis out'n them lug eve*— can't tdl. I'm a 
soft' hearted feller. Marl.' 

" ‘ Well.' says 1. ' ef you like her so well. 
Why don't you ut her to bev you? She * a 
right -.weel gyrl. Sa' Jane is.' 

" 'Uck-uh. says Jim. 'my wife's got to 
be Mklemud ami book t'nrnad, ' says he. * I 
look high. Mart; my wife * got to know how 
to read ii write. No. Mart.' he savs, ' I best 
take till* irew run Ha' Jane abe'il fergit me 
arlcr a spi-:i Nice gyrl, Su' June, hut not 
eridrlilllrtl ■" 

Mr. Sliattur canre down on this narrative 
with a miiioiI tvmurkulily like an calli. 
"I'm gain' to write (hut letter." tic roared. 
"«f It h the last lick 1 put iu on lop o' y earl It! 
Wbar at * tiret pen usctl tu be round hynr ? 
1 in gnin' to tell thet set up young calf of a 
engineer what plain folk* tiret eat* Tat meat 
the year round thinksof him' * Eddercalcd' 
nothin’! Su Jane wa* ed defeated enough to 
know when sbu was bein' made love to. I 
reckon A w oman don't need no more Tam- 
in' then tbet, " 

Tbe letter Uius projected wna not. however, 
finirired Iu *i abort older a* the henled slate 
of ita author * feeling* would seem to prom- 
ise. Mr. slmltnc'* spiritual forces had to 
work against the material resistance of an 
UMceuMumed baud, thick ink. Hnd a pen 
weighted with thn not of years. It was. ac 
cordliigly. a day or ao Irefore tire matter was 
brought to completion, and the poeiaiartrr 
found himself in tlir proud position of read- 
ing aloud to III* friend* the letter which was 
to hear to Jim Crawford the impartial ex- 
pre**UiD of his former neighbors' opinion of 
hint. 

'■ J. Grawfettl "—SO the paper brgnn— " Me 
ami some of tire folks down lretr that know* 
you waut you should know you Better not 
show yourre-f round hero no more rest you 
want to find what piano fidka think* about 
Rsaculs and akam|>oa if »e got you Drd 
wrong none of us but what wunic* to do 
thee square hy y ou Mi** Swell site think* rile 
smart of you why haint you role to Her I 
am *lck of my Job becus no mail donl coma 
for Miss Swell If a letter wa* to tome for 
Mb* Swell Me and the other* woud be Mity 
proud to change our Hidy of you Rite siren 
j'oura Iruely Joel Sbatiiic Postmaster and 
Others." 

" I’m gain' to stick It in a iuvrlup, " said 
Mr. Shattue, to carry off his cmharraw^d ap- 
pivr iatir.il of tire applaute which gm-ted this 
effort, 'and lairk it like Uiis; 'J. Crawford 
Fxtgioeer cure Queen A t.'mreen' railnrad 
C’ nipy pies bund to Party addreaa Onbe 

In ibi» wise the lelter wa* sent its way. 
mid lire town bud a period of hn-tithle** ex- 
pectancy a* to it* probable results. On tbs 
sixth day after it* rending, a large envelope, 
with some printing hciyms one end. fell out 
of lire mail rack, oddrereed in type writer 
character* to Joel Shaltuc. 

" Hoys," said the pootBiaricr. solemnly, 
•'ll'* come! This is it, y gum 1 from the gen 
cral office Hynr. von folk* '— addressing a 
gaping ilirong of children rent for the mall- 

git along’ In uu.-: Mail won't bedistribarted 
till 'long todrs nigla I'm buM'. UTar out!" 

He set a ponderous pair of sprclarle* nn 
the bridge of In* now -.which clored upon the 
wire- like small toothless jaw* It was »p. 
parcnllv quite a abort letter, yet Ihe matter 
o| It MTiiied alrangrlvforcitile’for tbr*re who 
watched the postmaster obwerved that hia 
mouth opened uml bung lnx as he read, and 
'list hi* I rand* jerked ua lie held tire paper 
close, ami then at arm * - length, aa if he 
strove to fig'ii* In* reasoning power*. 

1 Lord God hn' mercy! " he iraspcd. taking 
tire *w*wt front hi* temple* with Hie hall of 
his bund. " l.i*ten at thh: 


" Jwi jaUMire: 

lb. vti Stn, We regret to say James 
Craw fin'll Wii* killed niuc week* ago in a 
wreck near Holingsvllle. Teuneanee. Hr- 
ru.-tlu* bhip|>ed to his mother ut Sadieaville. 
Kentucky, 


Tlren? was only a monreiil of agha*l *1- 
letrer. Tire sbniloiv of the young fellow 
w bi~e end wna lltu* briefly ebrimirled teem 
ed l« fill tire low smoky room, where he had 
been uaoil to loungu of nights with the men 
now ciillnl on to ivalini tbeir own doom in 
hi* tragic Inking off. 

Suddenly, in mi appalled whisper. Mart 
I.)fe spoke Hynr i nine* Sn'Jane Swell 
down tire lull. Lord! I— What you gain* 
to tell her. uncle? Iret mo git out'n hynr, 


Mr Shattue steadied himrelf against ii hog 
of intent tnedreine — u pain-lulki cuacocrion. 


FEBRUARY 29, 1991. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


the gnylv hocked bottle* of which glimpsed 
nt iiim "i'ii » eavtala airy seam, a* If they 
knew their futility ami rejoiced in it. 

Sarah Jane Swell came Into (lie Min** a lit' 
tbr mow rapidly tiiun usual. b bright color 
in her hollow cheeks from tin? biting wind. 

"I'm k l in In Ii late," she murmured push 
ing back lire dense yellow hair about her 
eager fare •• I didn't know but llw-y might 
be somethin' to-day." 

Tbr |h»Iiuh»I'T looked straight over her 
brad ut tbe own beyond. "Id like far y' 
all to understand," hr ■•aid. decisively. " tin t 
my mow bain l no place for loafin'. ' I want 
you Mien to clur plumb oum Ityar. 1 got 
work to ‘tend to. " 

There w** i» marked idncrily in the man- 
ner iu whirl] the postmasters friends re- 
sponded to this command. 

When the porrii had sounded to the last 
tread. Mr. Sluttur lirld out the lately re- 
ceived letter. 

"Sb' Jane." lie fullered — “Sa’ Jane, kin 
you read writ in'?" 

"I kin git tbr sense of it." 

••Kin you, SW Jaw? Well, yon study 
over this ytr I—. Mehby I hulaT gut ft 
straight. i'll lie bark in a minute." 

H« disappeared in the doorway hard by. 
When he mate lmck, brushing a Imnd nerns* 
his mouth, lie raw Hut SurnJi fMK w i* stand- 
ing precisely as be had left her. her f*CR iiu 
mused, the sdreel still lying in Iter palm 

"She burnt made it tail!" he counted. 
•• Oh Lord, 1 11 bev to lull her! *• Sa’ Jane, 
yon— yon hain't — you hain't 

The girl lifted hereyea, letting them range 
over bis perturbed .face before they willed 
rat fully hurk on the page. Her expression 
was absolutely tranquil. The strained anx- 
iety whirh bad made her features piteous 
was altogether blotted out. and Iscr fallen 
eyelids hung heavy, oa with some inexpli- 
cable rapture. They were like white dower* 
languid with tine rich luxury of June. 

" 5a' June, that yar letter." muttered the 
postmaster, feeling his kite** in weak con- 
junction. "I reckon 1 best read it tu yon, 
S»' Jane." He reached for It, hut she laid 
it against her breast, covering it with both 
bands, protecting it with a lifted face. 

" I've made It out," also said. 'Jim’s 
drnd Ile a dead. Jim i».” llrr lip* shook. 

' ' Thar ‘a folks lowed Iw wasn't true." she 
whispered. "und when hr never wrote — 
God — God forgive rue : — I— I— once or twice 
—I misdoubted if he km-d me like I loved 
him!' Eva W turns* McGl***om. 


PORTER'S FUNERAL 
W’filk the last General of the .kmrrirnn 
army lay drnd in his home III New York, the 
last Admiral the American nary was borne 
to hi* grave in the Arlington Cemetery at 
Wusbin^iun. Tlu»l city had not preserired 
•UCil universal sign* of sorrow Since tin- fu- 
neral of General Sheridan. For. aside from 
his eminent aervlce* to his country. Admiral 
Purler was beloved for his private virtues. 
The government buildings were draped in 
black. The shops ami leisiitrw* bou-ws Hew 
flags at half must. Bnsiuew wn* almost sus- 
pended. and, despite the threatening sky, the 
people thronged the streets, inasgcd densely 
about the old brown - atone mansion, and 
pressed closely upon either side of tbe fuuerni 

^ Like General Sherman, Admiral Porter left 
instruction* that his body should not lie in 
Mate. From twelve until one o'clock the 
day of the funeral a few people were admll 
ted to the Urge pur lot. cleared of furniture, 
where the Admiral lay. Then the door* 
were cloved, and for a while Mrs. Potter and 
tbe family were left alone with their dead. 
In tbe streets in front of the house there was 
h great gathering of military, marine*, and 
sailors drawn up ready for the march, (till- 
able of this Were tins prnplw whose ■umbers 
«tv«-n a drenching rain did not dec mure. The 
police cleared the way for the carriage* for 
the few distinguislied people who were ad- 
mitted to llie services. 

Tbe body of the Admiral Uy in n casket 
covered with royal purple Velvet, and oma 
melded with silver plates amt handle*. A 
plate upon the lid bore this inscription: 

DAVID D. rORTER. 

AUastrst trailed BssU* Navy. 

Hon Juim Is. t*t». 

DM Pehrnwy I*. U*l. 

At tlie foot of the casket stood a marine, 
and splendid floral pieces were piled all about 
him. The first floor of the Porter home is 
an arranged Hint all the rooms can be thrown 
together. On this day those room* were 
crowded, and Ills* wide pnrrlirs also, w here 
Ibe naval office nt in full unifurm were group- 
ed. Near tlie coffin sat the widow and her 
children. Opposite the coffin were the Pre- 
sident the Vice President the cabinet officers, 
the English minister, tlie German tumbler, 
the Clilam minister, and tiearlv all the mem- 
ber* of die diplomatic rorpa. The Episcopal 
service was read, and then the proecMOS 
began. 

The pall bearer* were Vice 'President Mor- 
ton. Senator Manderaon, Senator McPherson. 
Senator I Uwley. Governor Patti-on of Penn- 
sylvania. Major-General Schofield. Itcur- Ad- 
miral Rodger*. Rear-Admiral Howell, llcur- 
Admiral Crosby. Hear Admiral Stevens. Rear 
Admiral Almy. Rear-Admiral Worden. Hear 
Admiral Jouctt. Rear-Admiral tjnecn. C*>u 
grewsronn Bourellc. and General .lo»e|>fa E. 
Jobnatou. Gowtral Johnston was u wairu 


friend of the Admiral, to whom the war was 
a thing of the po*t The pallbearer* led llw 
way mil while Ute chorister* were still chant- 
ing The casket was hot no by sailor*. Out- 
side. tin- marine* were drawn up in a double 
hue. aud presented arms a* the coffin nnd the 
mourner* pasucd. 

The procession Itself ana long, and made 
a mi ist impressive display. Mounted police, 
ful lowest by tbe Marine feand playing a fu- 
neral dirge, led it. Then there were tbe urn 
rine luUtulinu, United Mate* regulars — ar- 
tillery. cavalry, and Infantry— the Nutimi*! 
Guard of live District of Columbia. Grand 
Altny |xisls. lust came the heurse drawn by 
four ’horse*, with sailor* marching on either 
side. Then followed the mourner*. und the 
President and high government officer*, and 
the pallbearer*. There were m-nrly fimr 
thousand of the guard of honor which pro 
ceded the Itearsc. 

The line of march throngb Pennsylvania 
Arcnnc was Ian wren packed sidewalk* with 
black -draped buildings above, flag* Hying at 
half mast from all of them. Faintly could 
lie bmnl the booming of -uluting guns from 
the /*»/« irk. lying lu the Potomac. 

\\ hen the body was placed near the grave, 
"Neater, my Gnd. to Thee '' was played, 
drums rolled, n brief army service was read; 
then Mr*. Porter stepped forward and looked 
iijkib the lowering coffin. When tlm grave 
was filled, the marines tired three volley*, 
and then n bugler played " Lights nut." 

Up at tbe lirnoklyn Navy yard Rear Ad- 
miral lira I nr fin -I at noon a salute of seven- 
teen gun* to the Admiral's flag It i* a solid 
blue lutckgroiiinl. with four while stnr* ar- 
ranged ns n dixmomt in the centre It was 
raised to tlie mast-head of the Vennoul. A* 
the etdw of the Inst gun died away, the flag 
was lowered and put away. This was the 
laM lime that an Adtuinii's flag will be flown 
for many a year. 


WATER POLO. 

Aboct two hundred yearn ago those of 
our English forcfath< r* who loved sport, and 
were unable U» indulge their fancic* in the 
extravagance of polo pony and outfit, deter- 
mined upon transporting the game to the 
water, n Oild that would be common pro|«r- 
ty. and where the mrrier ret|nirrd wo* not ho 
expeoilve. Ill phiceof Ixini'.-s they prtsl'iced 
keg*, which tin- dear nkl buy* straddled : for 
nMlIets they had a kind of paddle like a shin- 
ny stick, a'lh.iiat six to eight feet long; and 
the hull wu* the prototype of that »e now 
use. What rare good sport they riim l*a*o 
had' Tub nu'ing is iusipiil and wfc com- 
pared to silting Hblritle a bobbing, rolling 
cask, managing an unwieldy wooden paddle. 
Evidently . however, live re *»• genuine merit 
in Ihn sport, fur it Iwld full away, so far as 
aquatic polo i* coucented. und. indeed, is 
played shroud to-day. until about ten years 
ago. when in Enghiud our present game of 
water polo canto nisi Into being. 

I have often wondered why. with all it» 
mlrth-provokliiff |Hx.»lbllities. none of our 
cIuIm ttaa inwmlitctd the tub game in llw 
summer programme, and 1 am glad to learn 
that such an attempt will bo made the com- 
ing season off Travers Island by the New 
York Athletic Club. I predict 'the largest 
number of spectator* the island ho* ever held 
if llw effort is mode. The game was first 
play id in this country by the Ho*tnn Athletic 
A *-• trillion iu the fall of XU, mid owe* ita 
development mid siiccc+s to the tiucvaatiig 
effort* of Mr. F. .1 Well*, who i* a member 
of llw Boston and Itkcwho of the New 
York Athletic dubs. Mc*»n* I*. E. Morgan 
ami Arnold lleilborn, nf the Provblenc* 
Swimming Club, were likewise pionisT* In 
the *jxirt over here, iiilnxlueiitg the game at 
i'roridenoe. ami domg much fur its prosper- 
ous adraocr. 

In this coiiiitry' llic game Is practically 
fuiW-tiall in the water, but the English meth- 
od of plav is ipiitc different from uum, 
la ing. iu furl. In iHir wilier polo what the 
<dd Assra'laliou foi>4 twill Is tu our college 
game of in-day In the English style of 
water polo the 'hall is struck with Ute hands 
or pushed forward, anil cannot la- carried, 
nor i« one player permitted to interfere 
with an opponent miles* he Is actually in 
contact with the bull. Our role* allow a 
player to throw or carry the lull in any di- 
rection. ami permit of interference anywhere 
within three feet of the ball Tire English 
game uodoiibudly wpiire* more speed and 
skill in swimming, hut I Does all oppiirtuniiy 
for expert team-work tliat is possible in car 
rving mid |x»vsing the ball. The English 
g'liwl »Uo differs front ours. for. instead <»f a 
Larvl. they have post* fratr feel npiirt. and 
w ith h cros-hnr. under which tlie Imll must be 
driven between the uprights Our distaneu 
between goals, from sixty to seventy feel, re- 
main* the »me it* ahroad, though the Man 
hut tan Athletic Club bus a sw imm'tig tank 
UMt feet lung, the full length of which iu 
team use*. 

To a very large extent, the formation of 
our role* lias Item governed by tire dice of 
our tank*. In England, where such tanks 
are jvissihle a* tire Ijunbeth Bath* in Lou- 
don. that preseut a laxly of water 120* 43. 
sport is grnitly enlianrisi in permitting more 
nut. playing. Ina-iniu h a* a clear and inlel- 
llgeot description of this game bus trever la i n 
|HihlLdieil, and ta'i nuse of tlie prospect of its 
becoming a ttxlure among tire pursuit* of 
sportsmen. I shall describe the game pretty 
fully fur tbe bcireflt of tlMiro that wish to un- 
derstand und play iL 


The game ia played by learns of six men. 
whote foimatiou Is somewhat similar to 
that of ii foot hall eleven, it ioimm* nf a 
cetilta rush, two side rushers (right and 
left end*', one lulf hark nnd two full 
bocks, or goal-ke«|ier*. The teams, milled 
red* nod black*, and wearing a distin- 
guishing cap. litre up. standing directly uver 
or back of tbeir coal. Tire referee In the 
centre holds tbe hall, awaiting the signal from 
tire captain- that all are ready At tire word 
” Go" tire I Kill i* thrown into the centre, tire 
men dive into lire wuter, get ling tbi-ir posi- 
tion*. while tlie i-enint nt-h of each -hie, 
who shmild lie lire fa«tr*l sw imnrei of lire 
team, makes for the h*l! with all speed— lire 
positions when in the water being: 



• Kail Backs. ' ,Dd ** 


Whidiever centre rush renehr* the hall Dm 
•nap* it Inek to the half lmck. while he mid 
the two ride roshrni nnatinuc on to the op 
poo eels' goal The rtuhera of the side rail- 
ing to reach the Imll p«*» on immediately to 
block the half lmck of the enemy, and tltu 
position now Is: 



The blactt half back endeavor* to pus* the 
lull down to whichever une of hi* three 
rusben is in the beet pavilion; and if he I* 
■ucceseful the nil* must hurry dawn to the 
aid of their goal keeper*, if it t* found neces- 
sary. If unsuccessful, the black rusben ant 
likely to Ire brought back to aid tlrelr own full 
bark*. A goal is mudr then by touching 
the goal board with tlie hall, which must tie 
furred through tbe enemy a line by the three 
forwards, supported by tbe half buck, while 
lire full buck* remain iu their own territory 
to protect tlrelr goal in case tire bull should 
lie Irwt to the other side Tlie most iutertwl- 
ing point in the gaum, and where the great- 
est amount of skill is required. L wIm-ii the 
hall » in play at lire goal line or inside it 
cannot be thrown to a player who is inside 
of hi.* opponent's gold line; this would be off- 
aide play He must either swim across lire litre 
with it, or if it liap|w-ns to have been thrown 
in. he can follow, at which time hi* own nu n 
join him, and the serimiunge to prevent a 
goal being made demands the greatest efforts 
and skill of tin- home full law k*. The goal- 
keepers are really tlie moat Importaut nu n 
on the team, and mint he arlire, mol. mid 
strong. Certainly cue of the tiest. If not tire 
best. I have seen plav Is K J. Kinlner. of tire 
N. Y- A. (’. leant. I mlrmlMedly lire strong- 
est «-nlre rush playing I* idiampiu*i di*lonee 
•wlmitrer Meffert. nf thr- M. A. t 

When the game wo* fii»t playcil in tills 
country there was no g<ml line distinct ion, 
niui conrequenlly immisllately the Imll was 
put in plav tire nten all rushed to rare oppo- 
nent's goal ami the rough- and-tURildu rerun- 
nuigr that mulltsl upon the liall living 
thrown in wns treither skilful nor interest 
in?, there being absolutely no Hintiee fur 
expert pUy. Now tire struggle rat tire gunl 
line r<s|itire* as inueb luauir’iiriing ami 
neat playing a* dr** lire tu*sle of tire foot- 
ball iinlf bark to find an o|ieuillg ill tire 
opposing forward. Itidecd tire goal litre 
role of water poln formulatisl by Mr. Well* 
was patterned entirely after the foot-bull 

'"'A. the rank* dra* iu*t permit of 

many Iwllliant individual pUy* mid cKJiefl- 
enee is proving dully that tenm-work i« tire 
one great OMvntiul. It is im|**m*lble to telv 
upou thu fast swiuuuiug of ttrcngth of uuy 


155 


one or two player*, and raptain* will mate 
Hally strengthen their teams by schooling 
■ bent in cunl play and stralvgir passing. 
There i* ample npportuiiily for tbe cultiva- 
tion and display of skill in this direction, 
but men must he able to act quickly, for a 
niumnit's Iresitiition lrring* tire upjsi.[tig for- 
ward- rai him. aud down he got* to the bat 
Iran of tire tiink. There is art nbuodaiit op. 
port null y for " foxy " playing. *ucU a* sink- 
lug to the ixitfom with the l«il>, amt swim- 
ming under tire surface toward tbo oppo- 
nents' goal, nr of sceretltig tire hall lad ween 
the legs nr in one baud, and swimming off 
with It rintielmhuitlr to outwit lire em-niy s 
full back*. A player mu« be extctni'ly 
quick and tool, buwerer. fur with tlie de- 
velopment of tire game the difficulty of lin- 
ing the bill i* b'i niuing greater. Thus far 
there has been no great advancement m *kil 
fill team tactics, dire, of course, to the fact 
that every energy ha* l«ren directed to mas 
teriug the nHliiiienK of tbe sport- Win n 
the tni-n litive become piuficieiit. and rap 
tain* begin to cudgi I their brain* fur put 
zJlog train plav*. there is no muon why wa- 
ter polo shi >n id not grow tremendously in 
popularity and interest 

To tire leant player in training the be*t 
preparation is that which strength exit lung 
power and endurance. Continued immer- 
sion in the water draws heavily no a man'* 
Mrengtb, vitality, ami weight, and a corre- 
spniiding incrvaoc of Ibnue-meklng frxal i* 
requiral to cooutcrnrl it; therefore eat plen- 
tifully of gioal plain Laid- A player that 
ho* mice attained good form will suffer no 
ill effects from n hard fouirht battle of twen- 
ty minutes The first serif* of match game* 
ever played in this country wire between 
tin- Boston A. A nnd Provide new Swimming 
flub teams in tbe sesreon of X9-lgl. the latter 
winning two of tire three grimes nnd the cJiam- 
pinuship. Tlti* seaMin Mr Wi-IL Introduced 
the game at tire New York Athletic Club, 
und lev* worked iodcfatlgubly to make the 
bam expert It I* due to hi* labor* entirely 
that Urey have reached their present excellent 
coiMtltiou. The Manliaihui A < organizoda 
leant shortly afterw unt. and lliough nut hav- 
ing the benefit of »n experienced itnd skilled 
a cuacft as Mr. Wells, they have made, good 
progress, and especially m* iu the p»-t couple 
weeks. The gaure is alyiut to lie started. I 
hear, nt tire ridumldn A. C'.. in Washington, 
ami at lire Denver Athletic dub, Wherever 
introduced it bus btn enthusiastically re- 
ceived, nnd there t* no reason wbv It should 
not grow in favor until we shall Iiavr sumo 
large tanks, a* ahroad. constructed for It *■» 
|*'i rally, and hold annual championship con 
test*. Indeed. Just now the matter la being 
agitated In form a league next year, such a* 
cxrils in EngtaDd, ami play a wrim of mune* 
for the rhampiuiMhip of tire United Mater. 
At an early date a meeting of delrgates from 
club* interested will be held to rcrioc und 
ponslbly improve the present rules, which 
were frann-d w ltlreut the basis of experience, 
und are tin- ref ore inrotnplelc in some re 
a peel*. 

It ha* been suggested thut tire gune be 
played IU the water* about the summer home* 
of our athletic clulw. Tire Columbia. New 
York. New Jersey, bare exceptional facili- 
ties for such a venture, na will also tire Man- 
liMtmti A C. It is ii serious question in my 
mind, however, os to whether it would Ire 
possible to carry out sueb n scheme III 
lire fir-l place, the swallowing nf sntl water 
would sicken the player, and tire pomlbillljr 
of drowning would not Ire inmnshirrahlp. 
It is n<i uni-omrnim oreurrence for a man to 
Ire pretty wrll exhausted, and «leep water t* 
not a place of safety for such as these. Tire 
following rules arc the latest revised: 




1.56 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOI.UME XXXV, NO. 1JM 





- " ■ 


harpers weekly. 


nSfRCARy 2a, 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 1784. 


158 


THK ST. CLAIR RIVJCR TUNNEL. 

BIT.au XOILtX. 

Ok it of the wirld's greatest wooden of 
engineering L llie Grand Trunk Railway 
iuuim-I, noon to lie opi-tn-d for traffic. urnhc 
llw Si. flair River. SSmiin lOniarioi 

and Port Huron i Michigan). The III tee nan 
must directly responsible for tl.e successful 
solution of this problem arc: Sir Henry W. 
Tyler. president: Sir Jo*r|th 1 1 irk *»n. late 
gi’ni’ral manager. nod Mr. .loseidi l(ol>*oii, 
■ liipf engineer of the Grand Trunk Railway. 
Other person# ramidnl with this work die. 
serve murli credit for llidr re.il and ‘kill 

In 1874 Sir Joseph Hickson became gen 
end manager of llie Grand Trunk Railway, 
He foresaw (lie enuntHHi* advantage Ids line* 
would |msscu> liv rapid t r n r i - i ' nl llie St. 
Clnlr River. Tire Grand Trunk Rnilway 
rearhrd Snniu in IBH. A wratero nlly, 
tho Peninsular. or Chicago and Lake Huron, 
was opened tomird Chicago ns fur us \ nl- 
purui-o. Iridinnu. iu October 1*78 and reach- 
eil Chicago in February. ISHtl, when it lic- 
caine llie Chicago ami Grand Trunk The 
l.Ji cut Western uiid other line* in Canada 
and Michigan were consolidated wllli llie 
Grand Trunk system. That now comprise* 
nearlv 5800 miles <if steel track* from Luke 
Michigan to the Allan lie Ocran and Hie 
Great Lakes 

This S*. flair tunnel will l>e used hy the 
traffic of various rutih. including the Grand 
Trunk of CauiiiL anil it* leased II new. the 
Great Western, the Chiiw go and Grand Trunk, 
!lie Pori Huron and Detroit. the Detroit, 
Grand llair-ii. nml Milwaukee. i In- Michigan 
Air Line, the Toledo, Saginaw. nml Muske- 
gon. the Cincinnati. Saginaw, nml Mackinac, 

These railways have kept hwr the Im- 
mense slntin eu’r ferries between Point Kd- 
wurd ■;( nuada; and Fort Gratiot (Michigan!. 
Though the cost of thU fetriage has lieeti 
enormous, its use lias mil been satisfactory. 
There the river's eurnetil Is swift, from six 
to right milrs an hour, lee isms lire fre- 
t|iierit. A powerful 111" Im* to he kept ready 
all winter to occnsiiwmllv extricate tbrse fer- 
ry-bunt* from floating fields of km. The 
railwny bns IiimI to ihv idle la Point Edward 
and Fort Gratiot. nlroul six miles, which ex- 
tra travel Inis muted lov« of lime mul other 
large expense. The lulj.ieeut k'vel country 
would necessitate building * very high budge 
'Hie marine interests were united against a 
bridge. The commerce oil llie hu flair 
River, it is raid, exceed* llint of any other 
stream in live world. The mure feasible 
plan appeared to be a tunnel Tunnelling 
through dry land or rock wu» understood, but 
the contractor* ilrrw tho line nt quicksand 
and day tindeT water. So this life dienm of 
the railway manager nppenteit destlDCii nev- 
er to be rridtmsl. It* are>mi|iii>hriicnt st-eui* 
like a lenf out of some Oriental ink 

In 1SS4 Mew*. lloiiMin and Itillmau sur- 
veyed the Si. flair River for Ibe Irest pfcee 
for this proposed tunnel They aelerled a 
location about n mile lietoW Saniin. near the 
Indian Reserve, now in tlial lawn's sulmrli* 
Boring* were made to the rock . Stl feel in-low 
tli* h-iel of Hie u nter. Tim river's greatest 
depth wa* 40 47 feet. Ils width was nearly 
half a mil* 

Tlie strata were fnumt to lie a« follows : 
About iwo feel of common yellow rami, like 
on llw seashore, alarm 12 fret of a mixture 
of uuk-kralMl ami blue rlny . next, dow n to I he 
rock, ids mi 21 feet of hln* day, adhesive and 
puily-like. and mr resting iu tenacity ns it in- 
creased in depth. 

Draw ings mid plans were maile. The St 
flair Tunnel f mripunv was formed, with llw 
following officers: President, Sir Joseph 
Hlckxon. general manager Grand Trunk Itatl- 
way . vice pn-sidenr, Mr L .1. Seargennt. traf. 
fie manager Grand Trunk Railway ; acme- 
tnry treasurer, Mr Roliert Wright, treasurer 
Grand Trunk Railway ; directors. Hou. Alex, 
under Vidal ami Mr diaries Mackenzie. 
Sarnia: Mr. J. Bell. Belleville: Mr. W. J. 
Spicer, general ma linger Cldeago amt Grand 
Trunk Railway. Detroit; Mr K W. Me. I 
dangb. general ’solicitor of the Chicago nml 
Grand Trunk Railway, Detroit; solicitors. 
Mr J. H*ll nud Mr. K- W. Merldauch. chief 
cugiwer.Mr Jou-pli lloli-uni. Hnmillou; fir-1 
ii— Islam engineer in charge, Mr Thomas K. 
Hillman . second assistant engineer, Mr. .M. 
S Blalkhsk; ineeluuiicnl sujw-rmtcndcui. 
Mr J T Lmi.es ; superintendent of excava- 
tion. Mr Tliomaa 11. Murphy. This tunnel 
company w u* organized in INSff. 

In the fall of Red} lot dm ft a acre sunk on 
Is .ill tides of the St. Clair River. The Ca- 
nadian waa 99 feet deep, the American. Irj 
feet. Each wiu 14 by 4 feet, amt lined with 
pine twelve inches wide, built up like llw 
walls of a grain elevator, with n star acm-a 
the ccottv. At tlic bottom, drifts at right 
angles w.-r« started under the river, ami com 
tinned about ;it fret on the American shtc 
arid iiIhuii 1 .VI feel on llw fnmulinn. Water 
and go* stopped furitu-r progress. These 
borlioulal drift- went six feet in diameter, 
and were experiment* They were alinniloii 
«*d in tli* summer of 1«K7. 

The company had at rtrd dreided to build 
under llw- river from immense shafts un ill* 
slum-, and finbh Intel lire land luirings. Tire 
final concludmi was to Iregin nl llw cud* of 
tlit grrut cuttings for the laud a|ipru*cbea. 

Work mi tlo- lurifs- shaft* Is-gau iu die 
summer of lss3, about 7-1 feet from die river. 
Tin- Asm- rim ii was sunk .18 fert. and sinpiwd. 
It wiil be uteri as u ventilator, Tlw CklMMlhlB 
Was sunk W Icvl, aud abaudoued. LscUlai, c 


slinfi wn» mode 2f? feet In diameter, and lined 
With brick walls two feet six inches thick. 

Tlw plant*, machinery and oqurpmenta 
were moved back from the river- in Michi- 
gan, about 1900 fret, in Ontario, about tfli.xi 
feet. On cacii side of the river were Incnltd 
one lioiler- liouie. routaiuing three boilers, 
two kept conrintiily In steam : a room with 
non pair of hoisting or winding engines, a 
room containing one vcnilhuing engine, and 
n blower with a cmpaeily of 10,000 ruhic feel 
of air |i*r luimite: n Worildugtou hydraulic 
pump for operating the rants; one black- 
smith shop; one carpenter simp: otic ma- 
chine shop, containing one drilling machine, 
one boll screwing machine, and one pinning 
umcbloe. with extra best nml extra tnlde. thus 
keeping Ibe plane constantly at w ork , u pump 
In tlw pit to pump out Water: one electric- 
light rrsiin. lioldtitK tw*» engines and dvua- 
irms. on the Canadian side a Hall, ami on 
the Ann dean at* Edison, elect rli- light plant 
Al nil hours of dnv anil night this tuund 
will lw brilliantly illumlnaiKl w-itb Incan- 
de-rent clcclric llglll*. supplltsl liv a iluliull 
In Port Huron New and permanent Isiiler 
and engine looms have Iss-n i-rrrted of Iirirk- 

I'pon eacli side of the river the great CUI 
tings for ill* approaches were commenced 
mi n«W'Yar'l, ISC® The Ciuiadinn exrn- 
vnllon whs nlmut 88 f<»-t deep, and mu very 
wide, as the soil ap|Mwrrd firm A IniHUlide 
fllhsl this rutting HI fwt deep Tliis im- 
larnao sinking of llie toil llareulcurd the 
f<'iiodnl tons of tlw w.irkslions. ••• the iiiniicl 
was m-timmrnccil nliout l.W feet further lit- 
Innd. Tlw depth of llw < stmilian rolling at 
llw tiinmTfi |«.rtsl is CO feel. Thi* culling 
is 900 frrt wide nl its hronilrsl portion. On 
tlw American side ■piiekraud and rlny enuseil 
the great cutting to Is- made 52 fr-rl rlcep 
ami alH.iit VKI feet wide. Down Into raeU 
spoon like |iit inclined trarks were laid for 
engine* to haul nut the dirt. Derrick* were 
also erected for hoisting out tlw soil. In 
Keplctnlier, 1990. itrnni «linr*l* were *rt at 
m.rk on these culling*. Prcrantly twoHlenm- 
shovrls were used mi rnrli side, carh sltoeel 
whs attended by an engine and train of flat 
ear*. Rains greatly himlrrrd these slr-wm- 
*hovels. They worked d»y and night Tlw 
roil was removed in layer*. SeTcnii hundred 
jnen w ere employed. 

Tlte St. Glair tunnel could not have been 
arcrimplislied without the aid of the exrn- 
vailug ftdcld.wlioee invention is claimed by 
an Ancriiiii, Mr Alfred E. Bench of New 
York. He designed such u shield In Ikflu 
for the tunnel under Broadway. New- Y**rk 
This design 1ms been used siuvessfullv ill 
Buffalo, t hlcago. under tlw Hudson River, 
in Licdun. and oilier plntr-. 

Tld» shield Is h el rong cylinder, resem- 
bling a big IhutcI with both hctuU oiil. Tlie 
front end Inis a sliar|wiieil edge to cut Into 
the earlh. ALw'll two feet of the rear end is 
lliln. find railed llw howl. Areiml the main 
wails aiul |Mllly leogthwiu' thcrewilli are 
sets of hydraulic jack*. Each jack hit* a 
valve uheteby it may be cut off nl any rime 
from llw pump that supplies nil llw juekw 
Within ilu* shlelil are brac»w nod shelve*, 
both vertical and horizon!*! 

Al work, ill* innsonrv or Iron nlales of a 
tuniM-l are built up within tlie l Inn loss! of 
llw shield, then Ibe hydraulic jacks are 
forced to prc«s against till* masonry or jilnli's, 
which mulls In pushing the slilrkl alwad 
into the earth a distance «pial to the length 
of llw peuons of llie jack*, for example, 
alsmi two feet As the shield* advance*, 
men in the front of ||m 4 shield dig oat nml 
carry buck the earth through tlw stiield By 
llie sliiehl's advance tlw Imod. within which 
tlw masonry or iron is built, is drawn panic 
off and abend of the constructed tunnel 
Tims the Ikm si i* left empty. Tlw pistons 
of tlw hydraulic Jacks air next shoved h*ek 
into their cylinders. A new aertion of the 
tunnel I* ihYu built within the hood, Tlie 
shield i* iignin pushed ahmd, ami the process 
repotted. The bond always protects Mid 
covers llw extreme end off the tunnel. By 
lie an- of the hydraulic Jacks' pr.-Mire being 
regtiloted, llw shield may nx-end, descend, or 
follow any curve. 

Each of the Henrli hydraulie shields u*ed 
in tlw S«. Clair tunnel weighed wi ton*. 
They were man ufaclo rod nt llntitllton, On- 
tario. bronchi iu piccL's l« and creeled on the 
north side of the top* of the catting* Each 
•bifid was circular 21 feet ami 8 inches in 
outside diameter, HI fis't long, and built of 
plate sin-1 one inch thick, it vvna divided 
Into twelve compartments by three vpftlcal 
and two horuoiilal stays or shelves, enrll 
slay two Indies thick. Three stays Ion! a 
knife edgr in fror.l. They exlemieil hark 
10 feet, nud left mv feet of clear cylinder be- 
tween i li<-m and tlw end of the turmrt lining 
T--H of the compartment* were cloved per- 
manently, and hracnl writh angle iron. The 
other two compartments were provided with 
Im'uyv iron ihxirs. wblr-li. in rase of a IIwmI or 
nrciifeul in tlw shield, could he rinsed lit 
once ami shut off danger Throe draw* never 
lisd to he rinsed. They were siliiHled ill lie.' 
bottom nl the centre. Through them was 
liaised all the pxravaivsl matter Electricity 
lighted llw shields and tunnel. 

When erected, tlie sliields Were rolled 
down into llw cutting* on wraslra track*, 
invented by engineer .1 T Knows, coinponsl 
of four timbers racb one foot square, ami 
phussl about four feel apart Eueli -liielil 
w«« stendied downwnrtl by six rot*- cable* 
around lire shield, fixed at one end to tlw 
upper end of tlw w-reulm Incline, and ibe 
oihut nml voiisd around pile*, iisu hcJil Ihu 


loose ends, and lowered nut when tlie order 
was given. It look eighty minutes to lower 
a shield on to lire prepau-d cradle at llw Iml- 
trait of tlie cutting. When llie shiekU new- 
ill position, a Inektng of tiinher* onn foot 
square was built ngnlM* the clay or shores, 
and to this timber lucking tbr ‘first iwriiou 
of the tunnel wu bolted. These shields led 
the wav for tbe diggers. 

At equal distances around the Imck of each 
shield were two dozen hydraulic nun* Their 
cylinders project*'! forward into tlw com- 
partnieni* Each ram could he work«sl in- 
depefldenUy. Mr. J. T. Lames arranged the 
system of vnlre* so two men could do llie 
work of twenty- four. By turning the corks 
the piston* were pushed’ against tlw tunuel 
lining, and shoved forward the shield enough 
to allow another Motion of llie tunnel lining. 
1R inches wide, to be built. This hydraulic 
power w»* -uppli'-d by a Worthinglon iwimp. 
cspnlde of plralu'-ing n pm-nre of .VMNi 
poumls |icr M|uare inch, which wmild amount 
to 135 ton* per ram, or HUGO too* on the 
34 ram*. The greatest pressure roed in the 
luiutcl wo* 1 7U0 |v>umln per square indi. 
equal to 40 ton* per rum. and IWO tolls on 
•he stiield Each ram was eight inches in 
diimwlrr and bad a stroke of 24 inches. 

The observation of the dim-linn of the 
shield wu* very Interesting From a small 
house in the line of the tunnel llw.r obaervn- 
tions were- inken every morning. The trandl 
whs a fine one. made especially ill Loudon, 
and w** set on masonry A series of dlakl 
nml n tula 1 wi'h cn«s wire* i-nuhh-il tire en- 
gineer to discover, to the very small fractions 
of an inch, any ih-vUtion in the direction of 
the shield. Till* dctialiuii waa marked on a 
diagram. Oiw ropy was sent to tire chief 
engineer lit llaiuiltim. and one wu* kept at 
the works. Tire man in rhnrgc of the hy- 
draulic rams was informed of any variation 
of the shield, and Ire adju-trd the jaeks to 
correct any error. This uevialion was rarely 
more tiiaa a quarter of an Inch. When the 
sliields met they were exactly in line which 
w.s* a triumph for lire engineers. The shells 
of tlie shields were left in tlw tunnel. Their 
Interior arrangement' were- taken out, and 
tlw tunnel s iron walls built up a* usual. 

The American shield was started on Thurs- 
day, July H. 1889: the Canadian, on f-uiur 
day. ftcjiternlsc-r 21, lKHli. They met edge 
to ‘edge at ll,8l> pm. Satuiday. August »), 
1880. lifter travelling tKattt f»-et The shield* 
sheila remain llteie. Tlw American bad 
done tire must. Tlw woik Inn] In-eti push 
ed tlay ami night. In three sliifts, cadi of 
right hour* Each shield averaged an ad- 
vance of 10 feet per day. The most they 
mlvnncetl any dsy wa* 27 fret III hn-hes. 
Tlw easiest |inxgrcMi wu* toward tin' Cntta- 
dtan able. The time spent excel* the former 
reconl of tunnel construction of the kind. 
Tlie following table *liiiw« the ntmiuul of 
work acii.uiplistusi each month by the 
sliields: 



The tunnel wall* an? made of rast-iroti 
sreuwiiU. This lining was the idea of Mr. 
Joseph Hobmii. In the circle are IS wg- 
nrenls ami n key The size of a segment is: 
Ireucth. 4 fis't lit Indie* ; wkllh. 1H iucbtw: 
tluckm***, 2 inches, with fianges inside 1( 
lacin'* thick and 8 Indies deep. Each seg 
menl was cast with 32 hn|n>, 12 in eadi 
side Hang*- and 4 in each end. The segment* 
lire sreurrd in their places by holts seven- 
eighth* of an inch iu ilismeter 'lire Ixiit* 
in tire flange* took in a circle 30 feet .1 i in -Ires 
in diameter. Tlw edges of the cast-iron seg- 
ment* wcic planed in tbr machine sbopa near 
each end of the tunnel. 'Hip segment* were 
thrtt hcauvl and dipped in con) tar At first 
tire co hi iron had Ikon dipped in llw boiling 
liquid The tar would not dry soon enough, 
nml it dripiied inressnully in lire lunirel. 
Then some Kcen-wlitril workman suggi-sicd 
that the iron lie Iwatcii Tliat plan worknl 
flrd-rare. Tire !«r was kept raid in a big 
vnt. Tire heated segments nlmofbcd the tnr 
quicker, and by the lime they went onol tho 
tar was dry. 

Tire MgnrenLs were pul in place hy a cir- 
cular crane designed by Mr. Teiper, of llaui- 
illon. Ontario. This crane rcvolvol on a 
spindle in tlw (vnlre of the shield This 
spindle lind a vise al one end ami a counter 
loin iu*' weight nt llw other. Tire > i*c gripi-ed 
lire easting and that aim of tlw rrani' rose 
abuut nim- inches, wliii.h diortmed tin- vise 
arm and lrngthciKxl tire coulili-rpiuw arm, 
ami thus gave lire segment a rlearanee to 
travel around to tbr desired point, where it 
Was placed in position hr reversing tire slid- 
ing motion. 

At first English tiling tools (long thin 
apndeij were tied to remove tlw clay. A 
workman, a cooper by trade, ih-visi'l a tool 
from an old saw lienl like n lioncslmc with 
which Ire could do tire work of three men. 
This knife «i* adopted. Two men. rra*|iing 
lire two handle*, om lii d up and *l.-ceii out 
aliha uf lire blue clay aeverai inches thick 


ami « yard long They ensilv kept ahead of 
tire Inver* of the lining. Tlw -o' slnha were 
londna upon 1l.tt earn by uwn railed trunk- 
era." Mules and bone* drew the chty-Ioadcd 
car* cut of the innntil. trn one tiiM-k of the 
tramway the cars were hunled out. on the 
other track the empty car* returned by their 
ow n gravity A I suit two feet of rhiv fornusl 
tbe Is d of’ this tnimnav. After the tunnel 
was tlirongb.alxiui two miuilh* were required 
to misivr tin* clayey hod. At the inuiilbs 
of the tunnel these cars were pulled or hoisted 
to the level, and dumped upon large railway 
llat car* that removed tire *-dl to the site* of 
tlw new freight yards, etc. 

When tire tunnel from the Canadian aide 
reached tbe tied of the river, miirksiuid urwl 
water canard much Irnuhle. For a while it 
was nearly feared that the tunnel would have 
to healutndoued At Inst a remedy was found 
— cornprcuwxl air. At the line of the river, 
on Ixitli sides, air tight bulkheads of brick 
nud cement were limit ncriUM the lunirel. 
kiadi side of tbewe Imlklwnds had two air 
chambers 7 fn-t in diameter and 17 feet long, 
withulr tight door* nt eai-hend. One of these 
rurchnmlicr* wo* built over each car track. 

Tbe work in the section next to the shield 
wa* In-gun under an air prewureoflO pounds 
to the -iptnrv inch, wliich was gindiislly in- 
creased from time to time until llie men 
worked under hii artificial] piv**ute of 22 
pounds per fsiirere Inch, or n total altiHispber- 
1C pressure of 37 |*ouml* ]s-r square Inch, or 
•bunt 24 atmi'-pln re* Quicksand ciiuscd 
highest uir pressure to lie rxerted on llie Cu 
nadian shh- The air rum pressor* were 20 
hy 24 inrlinc They wcrecriutinitally nl work 
for Dearly six ni.mihs. or till October 2. 1898. 
They began using iswnprened air on tire 
American side mi April 7, I91N1, on the (.'aim 
(linn. M»y it, ItOt), 

When n gung of men or a car was to lie 
ndinittid into the remi|in'*wri uir Hmmlirr, 
its outside diair wu* opened. Tliat Iron door 
wm* l I k-ii closed. Next tire uir valve mm 
opened into lire rhamlier until tlie pressure 
in tliat room isptalled that of lire iniiei sertiou 
of tire ttinurl, or that lielow the liter The 
door trading into the rawer tuuiiel could then 
lie opeiusl wit limit difficulty. 

Tills compressed nir lienrfited hr Ils iwe**- 
ure. keeping hack tire quicksand and the 
water. A Irak would not drew li*elf The 
nir pressure kept tire clay nnd snnd from 
gushing into tbe front of the *bield and en- 
dangering tire lives of lire workmen. 

Iluraes could not stand I Ire com pressed air. 
Where that wax. only mule* could Vie used to 
draw the ears. 

Three gangs of 75 men were employed 
in tire compressed air They had to have 
sitting con-litutious. and l*-’ exauuned bv 
the company's physician liefore? Is-iug od- 
nutied to the cnmpre«*ed-«lr nertkin. Two 
deaths resulted from the ill effert* of the 
eoinprcsscd air. Ihthiim-. the ri.<ni|Niny f Inims, 
It* rules were rad tdmrrved. In tire nir lock 
tbe air had to he gradually reduced or iu- 
crraied on a mail- That process retpiire>l 
nlsnit live minutes. If tlie air were let off 
too fast, wlwii a itinn reacbeil tire miter air 
be found him* If attacked with what the 
men c-tlled the “lieodw"; that I*. Ill* knees 
waWihsI under blm. and be bled at the note, 
mouth, nnd ears Three accidents occurml 
liecnuse « re»' kins work mun let tlie air off too 
fast Tire liiilklniads containing lire air locks 
were taken down. The sir pressure ha* been 
removtd The air Is pure in lire tunnel. 
Then? will always la- good ventilation In this 
tunnel, 

Sunday afternoon, August 24. 1880, tire 
two gang* of workmen talked and pinned 
nriieli-s through the auger hole bored be- 
tween the two sliields. The "eight o'clock 
shift " removed the earth. 

The llrsl man through the hole wu* Chief 
Engineer HoIsmiq. followed hy Engineers 
Murphy and Lam*-*, Hon. t\ McKenzie. 
M. M l* , nnd Dr T <1. Jolmsion. of .Sarnia, 
the company 'a physician The working force 
pa— eil through the tunnel within a few hours. 

From a numth of tlie uiunel the tube's cir- 
cle showed inside long lines of Mar-like, in- 
randrsrrnt electric llgiits. shining us far as 
tbi* vision reached. A huge bone, on whose 
back was pervlitd a little lad hail brought up 
cam landed with clay. A roar far uway Was 
tire cotnpre-wed air being let off an air chatU' 
tier. The runnel’* wnli* were dry, and re- 
sembled Uie rib* of u ship. Immeu*e pipes 
and nuimimil* wire* were strung oierbead. 
like serpents stretching away. S alt'd upon 
cars literally -oiled. a rapid pnvoigr w«* made 
down tlie incline The cluster* of electric 
lumps made the tunnel us light ns day. The 
car brake wo* *.-t at tire .m runce to an air 
lock Beyond that iron door the same gen- 
eral features were found. 

Tire total length of the St. flair tunnel 
proper I* 918X1 feet. I'nder dry laud on the 
American side is I7HI fret; on the f anadian, 
HUM feet; U eider Heath the river. 2280 fret. 
The outside diameter of the tunnel is 21 
feel: lire inside . 20 feel. At iu lowest point 
tire top ..f the tunnel i* .50. 81 fret below lire 
level of llw river. Tire river's greatest 
depth i* 41147 feet. It is Nt feet from lire 
level of lire water to lin- ruck. The least 
depth of cby lihuve tin- lunirel is 9 43 fret. 
Tbe grades are on the shores, from the 
ported- in the river, one foot down in every 
50 feel . lM-Dcatli tile river, one foot down in 
every 11)00 feet, lowaid thet'anoiiiali side, tu 
th:it drainage shaft. Tlw: amount of noil 
excavated for lire tunnel proper was over 
2 rain rest cubic f«t Ti .■ tTiniieTs i :i*f iron 
ituio^ weighed A4,08u,WHI praiuiL. To *c 


FEBRUARY 28, 1891. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


159 


nix till* Until* required 828.130 steel bolt* 
seven eighth* of an nu ll iu diameter. Tbr 
length of tbe open cutting and approach on 
the t'nniuliun *Klr i» 81112 feet , on tlie Amer- 
ican. i'll 13 feel Tlife tunnel ami It* ap- 
proach** have a total length of 11. 72) feet. 

The average number o i men employed whs 
700 Tll*y were unusually inlvlligvut. and 
t<Kik an inlemr personal IrileftM ill (tie sue 
cess of iliis undertaking. Iu tbe tunnel eight 
hours made u day's work. Ou llie Ainerlcun 
side I lie most sctUmis accident wiw tl»e I Tonk- 
in* of a idlin'* leg. 

This tunnel wus estimated In curt $2,-VK).- 
000. including plant, material, and labor. 
That *uiu will pmlwl-lv not lx- exceeded. A 
second tunnel will prulutldy lie mad* near 
til i>. and in that care tbe present pliini and 
experience will lie of great value The cast- 
iron lunnel is superior to the old style brick 
and nruH-nl one. 

The tunnel will drain itself into n pump 
abaft on the Canadian side. Tills shaft la 
15 feet in diameter und 113 feet deep, attd 
coca down to the rock. This shaft was sunk 
lu the full expectation that the quantity of 
water to lie pumped would la- large . nil 
U. however, so small (not exceeding fifteen 
gallons per minute) tluit it will not he re- 
quired. The surface ami r.tiu water Is dot 
allowed to enter the tunnel, but is inter- 
eepted at the portal* ami disposed of by 
pumping, UiKlcrnrath tin- railway track iit 
the tunnel arc three »|aaces for drainage 
nurpuse* — one of 18 inches and two uf 13 
bclitt 

After the shields met liter* was still much 
work to do. The lunnel wan very dirty. 
It waa clrnunl, mid covered with a prepara- 
tion to prevent rifting. The tmrawny's bed 
of clay was removed. Tbe built were tight- 
ened up. The bulkhead* of the air-cham- 
bers were taken down, lirick anil concrete 
were placed lu lire lower third of the tunnel 
to prevent the brine from meal curt leaking 
on the cusing ami rusting It. Tire brick Work 
wa* plastered over. Safety platforms and 
ladders were erected. The mils are extra 
heavy. lbO pounds lo the yard. Tin- track 
i* sinmltird gauge -1 feel, 14 inches. On 
melt side and under this track are cre-ow-ted 
pine timbers All the lies and guard rails 
are of c-wowoted pine The tunnel proper 
wa* tiuUhrd Sunday, January 20. 1861. 

Each portal is 30 "feet high above il» faun- 
dal Ion. The depth of the Canadian great 
rutting at Che portal l» 8(1 Tcet. of llte Amer 
Iran great cutting, 53 feet The diameter of 
the ctrrla is 20 feel and Hush with the tun- 
nel. Tbe portal* are Blade of heavy, rough 
limestone, d reused ut the joints The stone* 
forming the tops of portals ant inode with a 
high centre to shed the ruin The portal* 
uxi- 10 feet thick over the entrance circle, 
und narrow down to about half that width 
ul each end. The t.'aDndinn portal is 1 48 feet 
wide; the American, altnut tin- same. 

The tunnel approaches are of the same 
•ubotauliul character n* tlw rest of the work. 
There are Mow- retaining walls on each side 
of the great cuttings— u» the deepest portion* 
six feet high and five fret wide; near the rn- 
tranres to cuttings five feet high and three 
feet wide, 

The selection of suitable locomotive* for 
use in (hi* tunnel was a subject of much con- 
cern. Several kinds were rejected faHMM 
of g«s and smoke. Coke engine* were Anally 
selected. They will be of the * consolidated 
pattern, and built at the (iratidTruiik -hop*. 
Each engine will be able to draw 23 heavily 
loaded cars. Oue engine ou each side of the 
river will be used, and one reserved for arci- 
dent The steam cor ferry up lire river will 
be discontinued. 

Tiie passenger and freight cars for luuuel 
passage will be sorted in Immc-uac yards on 
each side of the river These yards have 
been filled level with the- tuunel excavations, 
and are to have 3D milna of sidings. 

Tire opening of this tunnel will be duly 
celebrated. That time depends greatly upon 
Ibe cluiracter of the winter. It will not 

E robahly be opened before next spring, per- 
a pa about Mav 1, 1891. Uilitcns ut Port 
Huron and Sarnia are arranging to cooper- 
ate with the Grand Trunk ftnilwny official* 
for a grand celebratiou of the completion of 
tbe tunnel. It will be the greatest interna- 
t ional event which bos taken place for years. 
Railway nt«u and others will be in vitrei from 
Canada. England, and lire United State*. The 
President aud cabinet officials, the Governor- 
General and bis Council of Minister*. Gov- 
eroors of State* atid provinces, usd other 
lords and ladles will bo invited. One fea- 
ture of thi* jubilee is expected lo he a ban 
quel under the river. 

One of the largest mortgage* ever record- 
ed in Michigan was placed ou record in 
Port Huron August 2d, 1880. It* amount 
was $2,500,000. It was given by lire St, 
Glair Tunnel Company to K- W. Mreldaugh 
an<l Lewis J. Scurgeant a* trustee*. to secure 
bowl* running 50 years and irenring 5 per 
cent, annual interest, lo laiild yards, engine 
lioiiac*. etc. Tliis mortgage covers all the 
present property of the rompuny on both 
aides of the St.Clair River. From (lie word- 
ing of the mortgage it i* shown that tbb 
tunnel company purpose* to allow other rail- 
ways than tbe drawl Trunk system to use 
the tunnel, for tliere is a special provision 
that rent aud tolls can be collected for such 
naivice- 

Mr. Joaeph Hobson, the chief engineer 
nad builder of the Ht Clair tunnel i» a Ca- 
nadiun by birth, having been born near 
Guelph. tJniajio. lie served iu* apprentice- 


ship iu a provincial land surveyor in Toron- 
to. nnd after having passed lii* examination* 
as suck, he wa* engaged fur a number of 
years in private practice aa a surveyor and 
an engineer, und in the location and Con- 
struction of different line* of railway in Can- 
ada and the United Htnlra. At the begin 
ning of 1870 he uit* appointed resident en- 
gineer of the Inlernutirmul Bridge across 
tin- Niagara River at Buffalo, ami was con- 
tinuously on the ground during the construe 
lion of "the bridge. <>u tire completion of 
tliat work, ut tire end of 1878, he was appoint- 
ed chief usslatunt engineer of the late Great 
Western Railway of Canada, and about two 
years later lie was ajqioiute-J chief engineer 
of the line. Me Mil I holds that rnwition under 
llie muimgement of tbe Grand Trunk lUil- 
wuy Company. Mr Hobson l* a numU-r of 
the Institute of Civil Engineers of England, 
of lire American Society of Civil Engineer*, 
nmilhr Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, 
lie may now bu knighted. 


WASHINGTON IAN A. 

Two ynar* ago. during tire celebration of 
tire ceutcnniul of Wa»liington's inauguration 
as first President of the United Slate*, much 
interest wu» displayed in anything pertaining 
to the “ Fatlrer of hi* Country.” All the 
relics of hi* day were admired by n large 
ami curious crowd, ami the Lixtn Exhibitions 
were very popular That this Interest was 
not ephemeral, Dr merely aroused by the 
patriotic display during tire celebration, Is 
clearly proven by Uirattenli-m thnt 1ms been 
called forth by a recent sale In Philadelphia 
of a collection of A tnerioana The prices that 
these relics sod curioeitlra of an olden day, 
especially thou# connected with Washington 
Imve brought, have lieen a general surprise. 
Tire silver plate from the outer cans of Wash- 
ington's coffin, which was reguoled as the 
moot curious relic of all. belog only valuable 
from lire collector's point of view, was sold 
for $80. W e are led to lielieve thnt t Ire cn res 
of war or of state did not eogfosa all the 
time of tbe great General, as one of the I Kinks 
exliiliited WH nti AtflH *-f' (Ac VMf com- 
piled ami imlexed by Washington himself 
Sir MhiiIii-w Hales A-afsav/dumM** I London. 
HW.ii. which bore live name of " Mary Wash- 
ington" on tire title page, and die 'inscrip- 
tion lieoeuth, written hv Iter son, •• Mother of 
G. Waablngton." was regarded us very ralu 
able, nnd brought $100, A lock of Witch- 
ingtoii’B hair, which was cut and preserved 
by Ida barber. John Petrie, sold f»r $20. aud 
an autograph letter of the general'*, written 
from Mount Vernon iu 17U8. was sold for 
#215. while a lottery ticket signed by him 
brought #43 50. The historical hooks mid 
documents were sold at very high figures, 
ami lire energetic bidding that all the relic* 
culled forth gave evidence of tin- regard and 
esteem in which be wax held by hi* admiring 
couutry men of today. almost a century after 
his death. 

It i* interesting to note In coaMdlM with 
Waahingtou that he is the onlv roan whom 
the nation lu* honored in ordaining that his 
birthday br generally celebrated by a national 
holiday. Every oilier country ha* more 
holiday* than this, especially wire re tire eov- 
crelgn i* head of the enUhlishcd rhun-h of 
the state, nnd fast-day’s and Mint-*' days are 
observed, lu some Stun* Arbor Day ami 
l.ubor Day have been made within the past 
few years; but these holiday* are only local, 
ami tt lias been often suggested of late thul 
tome new national holiday be appointed. 
At a dinner in New York an February 13lh, 
the anniversary of Lincoln'* birthday, tire 
venerable llaniiilml Hamlin *pokc on the sub 
ject, umi in the course of his remark* said: 
" We speak of Washington as the Father of 
his Country. We know that by bb polk-r 
tire liberty of the colonies wa* secured, All 
honor then to Washington! In our natinnHl 
statute* we have ilKiwponUd an act which 
make* the celebration of hi* birthday a nil 
l ional holiday. If Wtahliiglon secured our 
liberty, Lincoln juat as surely preserved it, 
and I have come here tonight lo urge upon 
you to join with me in demanding I luu Lin- 
coln's birthday shall lie made a national holi- 
day. " 



To tut sensible. and inaugurate a defined 
bowling policy umler a recognised head, or 
to continue consequential sod ainih-M, that 
is lire question just now confronting tire «ev- 
t rn! omniscient r--uuniUccs and their ntani- 
fold subdivisions ut Cambridge. 1* ioug-Mif 
fering Harvard to finally profit liv the experi- 
ence of her defeats byr Yale, or must she eon 
tiinie a pbwtic victim to the wrangling of 
jealous and diverging cliques? An- lire 
hope* of Harvard * anuatic success to be 
annihilated by personal cnaflictionsT Has 
the time not arnvrti for alumni nnd under 
graduates to realixe tbe siliintion. and Itv 
urtaonloUB efforts put an end lo the fofde 
rol tliat has gnvcTiwd for the pxM few years? 
What alrocinr leo«oii cun Ire given lo show 
tbe unsoumlnea* of u vacilhUiug policy than 
u study of Harvard's boating history? Tire 
first bont-mcc Between Yale and Harvard in 
1870. ut SwlugfleM. wits won l»y Yale, stroked 
by Cook, Bancroft stroking Harvard. For the 


Miccceding three year*—' 77. '78. and '79— Har- 
vard was victorious, under tire couching of R. 
(' Watson oral Mroking of Bancroft. During 
these three yeHr* the stroke was prnrlicwlly 
tliat now lived by Yale, and variously c-»ll- 
«l the " English,” "Cook,"' " Wataoo.” nnsl 
"Bancroft.'' It was during this time that 
Yak made licr find mistake of experbweat- 
ing wltli strokes, and several very ridiculous 
uiit-s were introduced. 

In 'tkt Ttir, >4 vTF.nrvt. at llarvnrd wns very 
rnisenihle. nml iui inferior crew was ll:e re- 
sult. In 'KJ another series of experiments 
wns inaugurated by Ynlc: tire rigging of tbu 
IsHit was changed, and, woret of all, a pro 
feosional wu* eugagmi. He ininduecd a 
sliort. jerky stroke that was diatne-tm-nlly 
opposed to victory, and the crew was defeat- 
ed, as it wns also iu '88, win u iMsxtiug at 
New Haven wus indeed in a Iwd way. and 
Yale men were generally disconsolate. In '84 
Yale, in desperation, went back to first piin- 
ci|dc* ami a victorious crew wa* turned out; 
luii. unfortunately, in '83 tire old head lee* 
policy again prrehuniiialcd, mid no one of 
the old sound school being on baud to coach, 
the crew was demoralixuii, ami Harvard won 
an easy race. In the winter of '81 Bancroft 
had left the Harvard men. ami here begun 
the first of a series of blunders that have 
handicapped Harvard's rowing ever since. 
Instead of developing tire policy, the rudl- 
tiient* of which they hail mustered, or even 
profiting by tire disastrous experience of 
Yale, the entire work wax thrown to the 
wludx. und Faulkner, a piofendotinl. em- 
ployed Winning iu '8-3 with a crew that 
hail really lieen drilled by Bancroft on tbe 
old lines, lire Harvard men h»t their heads, 
were curried nway with tbe lnlrxl idea, and 
abandoned the old stroke for tho new. 
From tliat year ('88) lo tills Harvard bus 
never won a race from Yale, while lire latter 
has been turning nut finished and fart crewa. 
Hnrvard in the menu lime bus tried many 
policies, had many hitter ex[M-riet»ce*. and 
finally, in the hud year or two. box lieen 
drifting hack to the old one that it abandon- 
ed in '86. 

It icx* not BERN the intention lirre to 
give merely tire history of college rowing, 
but rather by glancing ’over it to emphasize 
Ibe diaisters that have followed xwift anil 
sure upon * fickle policy R**r the fans 
well iu mind, ye Harvard undergrade 
n»es. aud also ye members of the Advisory 
Committee. 3' ale's victorious stroke of to- 
day ix the perfected style that Harvard first 
rowed. »nn with which she defeated Irer ri- 
val. I have endeavored to show here that 
the very moment either college Ims forreken 
the substance for the shadow in the form of 
fancy nnd Impotent strokes, just at that lime 
has it* 1 topes for victory been wafted sky- 
ward. The etpertenoe has been lire -tune 
with both colleges; each ha* experimented, 
each suffered set backs. Yale wns smart 
enough lo sift tire chaff from tire grain, to 
discover the surest road to success, and to fol- 
low It unwaveringly. Harvard— poor, blind, 
struggling Harvard --lias lieen pullril hither 
and thither, until nearly every one interested 
in Ixmling at Cambridge ims hemme wcllnich 
dtoconiyd. Is there not a lesson In this 
for tire Harvard men ? Does it not point to 
the only true course which absolutely must 
la- followed If there Is any hope of deb-ating 
Yale? There t* but one way to row in order 
to get on all power and yet maintain Mend I 
newt and smooth nr**, anil thul U the English 
stroke wliicti Yule ha* acquired to a degree 
nearing prrfertion. nml to which Harvard 
ha« in-eri gradually coming buck. The crew 
turned out by Harvard lost rear, eoncltod by 
Keyes, was the brat probably the crimson 
ever had. at but it gave Yale the doM-rt 
nu-e, the one of '81 not considered for nei- 
ther crew was very formidable in that year. 
The only rnunic for Harvard lo pursue ix to 
continue from one year to another, hold- 
ing to tire same policy, and making every 
effort to Improve upon tire preceding year. 
Tire crew or last season wax nearer tire cor- 
rect xtrokc than ever Irefore. Doesn't com 
moa-eonse dictate that the lines should tie 
taken up this yenr where they were laid 
down last ? 

Treks hx*. as t mc.u., gone up a dismal 
wail from Harvard; but if ordinary good 
judgment is used there i* really no reason 
why the prosperts should uol be fairly hright. 
The candidate* at first glance appear to lie 
ratlier a light lot of men for n 'vanity crew; 
hut on close individual inspection om- real- 
izes tliat, so far a* beef and muscle are con- 
cerned, llmvanl is well off for rowing mate- 
rial It t« Impossible nt this very early day to 
tell what n crew may turn nut to he or do in 
the summer, ami hardly fair to criticise the 
raw material. As they were nl work in tire 
new tank in the Carey building Ure afteniium 
I raw them, Powers. '92. wt at stroke. 1 re- 
nreml-rr him when, in hia Freshman year, he 
rowed at three, and Ure recollection of soring 
him do his utmost in tire class rare* last 
spring, when '93 was bringing up the rear, 
guve cverv indication of Ills being a reliable 
■wr Afterward he went to New London 
ns 'varsity subculture He is not a powerful 
man, a little above the avenge height, nnd 
well proportioned, is Mill comparatively 
light, w eighing 103 pi-uiid* even at this early 
day To be sure, lie may lake ou weight, 
hut it is more than likelv he will kmc eight 
or ten pounds. Captain Perkins, who row ed 
number lour last year, is at seven, aud the 


moot finished onr in the Iswt He weighs 
173 Kant uni. ‘93, Is a auhrtiiute at seven. 
He ix a light man, hut equal to every pound 
of hix 185, His very «-veu teiuiH-ranrenl 
ninkc* him a general favorite lb- la sus- 
ceptible to inalntclioa, which is a lilrasing. 
amt run rtauil a great deni of work. Ill Ins 
Freshmun Nml he rowed bow; tire following 
year Ire capiaim-ri hi- cion* crew, and after 
the class races continued rowing ns a 'var- 
sity auhrtituii-. Keltoti. at six, is a familiar 
face. Larf year wa* hi* first at lire r*r. hut 
bu made u flue record. Before going on the 
'varsity Ire rowed on his Hhh# crew, and 
allowed to such good advantage that hr was 
immediately given a place ou the 'varsity 
boat. His powerful jabs at tire water are 
ranviabensl by Utoae tliat saw tire rarv nt 
New London last year. He is thoroughly In- 
terested in hi* worts, weighs 190 pounds, und 
hid* fair to become a finished oarsman if be 
received proper rimching. 

Ji nT iikiiimi K » l . tun was Jones, another 
'92 man. w. iglit 183 pound*. who was likewise 
on hix Freshman crew, hilt lire following 
venr rowed with the 'vaniitv. and went to 
New London ns substitute. He is oue of tire 
prettiest oar* in college, hut for some reason 
or other Is Bo4 considered Mrony enough, 

1 bough 1 have never seen him weaken ul his 
work, and rattier incline to the opinion that 
Ire rain stand more than I- ireiierullv be- 
lieved. Number four was filled by Vail. '93. 
n great strapping, rawlsined cimp, weighing 
190 I-Hlud.-, w ho rowed in tbe Fn-dimaii race 
last June, and did falrlv well lie is l-H-king 
Blildl heller than he did lost year, and un- 
doubtedly tire svnsou's work hardened him u 
bit. He attempted foot-laill last fall, but not 
with a great ileal of sueee*. Lark of endur 
■ut* appear* lo Ire hi* falling: at least such is 
the imprewwoti otic would gain from watch- 
ing him. Numlier three wa* Karl, who wa* 
captain of the Freshman crew last spring 
Hr ix oue of llie lightest men. nnd does not 
impress une a* bring particular hr qualified for 
a place In tire boat lie fc*a hard worker, how- 
ever, and may succeed lu getting a seat of 
which some lietter man lia* grown tired The 
other two place* in tire Nml were filled by 
FtlEliitgli. 91. an- 1 Uurlholi>may Tire former 
weighs IKt pound*, and looks every inch n 
rowing nun. lie is stocky, well ImIH. aud 
with several years' experieuce on hi* das* 
crews and iu the fom-tuiH field, he should 
cerialuh have the pliy-iipie to xUdiI a four- 
mile ra<r. hut he i- said to require another 
man to drive him. Harlhol-imay is an entire 
ly new man to Harvard rowing. He weigh* 
alsuit 167 pound*, hut iahutlt as nn oarsman 
Me mid Ire— thick lu the walxt, and with good 
stnmg leg*, lit* inexperience Counts agalUVt 
him. but if Ire nukes up hi* mind lo rovr 
there i* no reason why Ire should not nuc- 
cwxl. Wiaw and Newell, names familiar 
during the foot-lnll m-«uki. are candidate* 
for positiuUB io the vraixt of tire boat. The 
former is in flue cuiidillon. weighing 192 
muiiuIx, and feeling il* strong ax an o\: Ire i» 
milt to row. and would Is- a valuable insti 
at five if properly instructed Newell is un- 
der tire wc-ullrer just now. Irevman, orre uf 
the ciimliilatr*, wax stroke of lire Board oin 
crew IwM year, and lias, so it is an id, rowed 
in nn kwt titan fourleeli races If he can be 
gottf-ii into shiq-c be should prove a great 
acquisition, and a likely candidate for stroke 
\V juris* is a grwwl man for Ids weight, I7D 
pound*, and In- bad quite a bit of ex peri 
enre; Ire i* a good aubstltute, and may get u 
seat. 

W nii.K htxh UatrnixI- ixwnnting.it sretu* 
there is an abundance of substantial stock 
ready for devrlopnrent. Tire men lt*te been 
winking along on much the -anic general 
principle* that governed Uicinstniction of hot 
year, but It has been entirely too undctlncd. 
Au idea xccmx to prevail about Cambridge 
that there is plenty of time to nettle ou policy 
and coach. In my Judgment. this b a de- 
plorable error Now i» tire time these m-cii 
are learning the rudiments of rowing, aud 
therefore the important hour. It will ne in- 
finitely more difficult to correct wrong im 
picaxioiix later. It Is none too early to give 
llie-.- men thorough schooling, nor loo soon 
to drill them into understanding that tire first 
principle uf good crew rowing ix in working 
togcrin-r. The worst dement In tire row tag 
of Harvard crews in the part few years hn* 
been the abominable time In which the men 
went into the water and tire unovramaa with 
which they came out of it. Harvard will 
never win until sire can get eight men tognt It- 
er who can IHI tbe difference between follow- 
ing a ilUOi arid Ireing two seconds bekiud 1dm. 
IV hat Harvard inu-t hare at once is a coach 
who baa worked with the crew iu tire part 
few years and knows iu history Much a 
man I* Keyes lie put out laat year the Irest 
rrew lire ’raraily ever had. and tic should he 
induced to lake hold ai-aln this. There is a 
chatrec of defeating Yule this year it common 
sense dominates the rulings of tbe power* 
that Ire. We reserve our comment* u|x>u 
lire Yale crew until the next number. 

llARrxHIl's ATHI-KT1C COMVtTrKK IlH* 
given tbe Molt Haven tram permission to 
conqretc at the Inter collegiate Uliamploti 
ships, aa prediettd in Ibix (xdumn two w eeks 
Ago. 

Spack not* sot pmwrr liamillng the iu 
tcr-rnllegiati- Itsw- lull uutluuk this week, but 
it will be taken up i - 'f ‘Vfllu’ 

lx at -At* IV. WUlTSVY. 


160 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17M 



VIEWING THE BODY OF GENERAL MILKMAN AT HIS HOME IN NEW YuUK.-Diuvrx bt W. T. Sbkhlkt. 


TO BE ROBBED OF HEALTH 

By • peailfciitlal cllmnl*. by a tikqUuii etiUlllx 
cmutant npwure, |*y-lr*l irtiTWiirk. .if •ohriitmy 
dwltny >1 ihe d(-k. I* > kiiil l»i Yel many |«t- 
mm onyiu.lly p —1 r a il u< a (air conaUlalioa au Her 
lha dapflruiiui I»6.r. ine nmrMlaii u( Ilia la |usmiI. 
Tu aa> and all aahjnet lu emdilVna. inimical In Uallh, 
tin |>ai«r nr more ngmuhle prracrrasltc of Ilir Kir4|. 
M uf earthly lilrril'nt can be lenHtiaMiidcd than 
lloateUcr'a Sl-.macli Hitler*. "Ill'll liiares Hie svlrm 
lo cIUmiIc chain,-. physical full sue. and aaaut.i •>- 
liaaailim. Il enilka'na ilyafvpala, lb* bane uf sieleii- 
■ary lira in *<iilK« 1 pn*M ,n" nud rr* lucre mgulnrliy 
Ilf tlie bowala and llrte. «lm illannle-ml fnaa any 

checks Ike (marli nf a tnuleiiry !-• rbranuttlam and 

gMH, and iirilir.lllpe Ihr^.Ulis-r %»► t.^e|i|0.l..uulrd 
tn» ailmei.l .. 1 Tu lm cumilirvil .‘d lllll trill II uf l lira. 

elntem-iiie. It I* • oily iiieeamry (Hr this •MtIIiik 
preparation an imp an la I trial — (ddr.) 


Tu* qiiolloai uf purity In f ind la n matter «d the 
C'nilr't Impiirlance, mill dnenw a». « r ..refal and 

suet Ii'nI* nowadays «it>*Uil tu adulteralr. a«d I he 
■irimna laapliiyeil In cheapen nianufurture. Dial It 
la nflen very llIBkult In il-lemilo- tlir mrelte of tar 

C leular nrtkle -4 ford 1. With W. Biker Jt fo/a 
akfnel Cm.*, bourn m. c. . ear II rtldlindy an— •, 
(.if II le annllKM Irun Ike daee* |ww Mauls only, 
ra. luatirly hr ineehanli-el pr-wereae*. aid at Itochna. 
|| ,u wlial-r-r are lin'd III It* prejjnr all.ii. all p.*- 
elhcJily id line lirity le aruliled The lewilt la that 
\V Biker X Co.-. Brewk/iiat durum la mat rat-lied Id 
wvuMIuy, mill la ■>-■! aprmauked In poniy hr any 
►miliar pe.iluel in Hie warVl. ami h -nil mmafiia, aa 
fur ore. one bamlrrd siata pnal, the *t .ll.la-d "d parley 
Mill tscdltaea. aad the m.wt healthful and uutriUio 
cucou to tlir nuiliL— |.(dt ] 


(«« BUOWSS • A WITH IH ATHDS A PON ACB 0 T 8 
HKNTiniice in* the tkktu. uBiiWim «<■ 
-Udt.l 


LOVERS OF THE BEAUTIFUL 

Will lie JiVaatd 10 Irani that a rullnrtluil Id t went 

uf the flui-al ar rule rime In IV aad Munir 

ema may be nhuloed. (ire uf paeajy. hy ihr renal 
H'lt id an nililiaiu ami Bfiy er-la (in y-.sia k T. ii 
iilkrrwtae) in Ueo, II llt-jH.ini. General Paaaclii.'e 
Ayeul.i liicaips I Ilian** 

P.M Aa the -apply I 
abuulit bu made. -I A dr. | 


1. mrly application 


AN KVTENTiEn POPULARITY. 

'-(Tifl" 

lot lor 


Itanwi 
liublkc n 

rhn.at I , 

<ndy in buxna. Film, m 


lardheia iheli 
aacian. Il . .<1 
all faai I-. i luea w 


'•" •me Mian eh. d«,. r ,n CaMuHa 
" kru aka had IVIMicn. alia care them UmloOa.— 

- - IdahtJ 

Ihilr’ «mml!.iTrh7«Vrt rJi.^.T’.tr. P ^L!!^t*"? p ”»' i r«--" > c hlnf amun* the 

U.enfleuetW cuma, aHara '“hmuahle anrnia. - f.ieilv. Cmirl Jouroml.-\Ait.\ 


; innedy fur 
ilmAOeia III nreey pan u( the 
Tneiily flw Paula a bHUe,-I4d».| 


■i lnUftU|Mi| 


1 



MARCH 14. I8tl- 


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"LOVE LOCKED OUT.” 

"Place tux domm.” With llvwo word* 
a decade ago on* of the nost able »n crlllci 
of i lie present eta Introduced to the American 
public the etched work of Anna I/M Merrill. 

What wa» appropriate then i» y«l more ap 

E rmte now, f>ir Mra. Merrill b brought 
re lier country men at this time by retutan 
of her held K the OrU woman whose work hat 
been acrorilrd the high honor of purchase 
hr the Royal Academy of Lundoii for tbo 
Chanlrey Bequest. a distinction quite the 
equivalent of purchase by thu French gov- 
ernment for the I.uxcml- mrir. I'nlil thi* 
aelectiuo wan announced, but few how. even 
among the elect, knew of the existence of this 
Uut* fund, while it* foundation and pur- 
pose still remain vague, Sir Fraud* L-giitl 
Chau troy next to Nollekeos the fumuM of 
British sculptor*. having amassed u consider- 
able fortune, died November 23. 11*12. child- 
lew. and by bln will, after providing gener- 
ously for bu widrxv, left to tbe Hoy* I Arm] 
emy of Loudon £130.000. In niuke ailssiunle 
provision for the prcsiilent, hut chiclly to 
found the fund known us the Clumtrey lie- 
quest. for the purpose of establishing a dh- 
tyonal collection of works of [minting ami 
aculpturw by the purchase of «’:e t— • bo. 
portnnt ex unples by artists of any nation re- 
aiding In Great Britain at the time of their 
execution. From this source the nucleus of 
a considerable collection has been seemed, 
which is housed in the South Kensington 
Mineum, It »as not, however, until Mr« 

Merrill * *• f,nvc Locked Out" was hung last 
yenr osi thu walls of the Royal Academy, 
after having been exhibited in Ibis country, 
thni a picture by a woman was thought sufll 
cienlly important to lie added to the number, 
and we certainly hnvu a right to l*e proud 
Ihul that woman was an American 

Mrs Merritt Crimea from old and honored 
(juakrr aiKsalor* in Philadelphia, and is a 
near relative of that profound scholar ami 
erudite historian l»r. llenry Cliorle* Iyo. Al- 
though Indie* arr by common com sent wiihout 
the landmark of years, it may not be mills, to 
way that Mrs. Merritt did not begin seriously 
to aludy pointing until she li.nl leached her 
t weiity first yenr. and that fur the last score 
of year* *he has hem denning lirrsclf assidu- 
ously to its pursuit At Hie op-tiing of lu-r 
nrl carver she was mutt fortunate in Mug 
*1 riven from Part* to bunion liy the approach 
*>f the Prussian* ns this enforced change of 
rvaldeoee ibrew Iter under the guidance of 
Henry Merritt, a true connoisseur, w bom live 
year*’ later *lie married, and whose memory 
whe has premrnsl in two voliitlics of Art Crilt. 
rutin it ltd HmmitMft with personal nssillrclloiis, 

Prior to this »lir had merely dllvltuutc in 
Htrtiction, her first teacher Mug the gifted 
crayon draught amau William 11 Kurnec*. 

Jun.. who died too early to allow the miituru 
development of hiaart power*. It must. Iiow. 
ever, with truth lw> Mid that the early work 
of Mr*. Merrill did not give much promise 
of tlie remarkable development abe ha* ni- 
t /tim'd ller aiicct-wi allow* what unaltera- 
ble determination to auerecd. with earnest 
work and sound judgment, can accomplish. 
f,/r wile has secured a permanent place among 
the first artists of thr day, Her art U esaen 
ti/tll V English, as distinguished from the 
motfeni Continental schools, ami altbongh 
not a" fashionable in this country as Hie 
French achonl of to<Uy, is much lea* mere- 
tricious. nod much more worthy of emulation 

and wtudy 

\|,a Mi-rr i" I is i Wide nmifi- Ixit Strictly 
Iiigs i-i w ha* may t» • Mi-1) lie n mm II I II 
M'l*Ol *1 "f po**"!" plllllter* lin scbool of 

|t*'V i»**M* "’" l * • 1 • o'vl ICmunay and !/• 

, mi. I , .1 • i.muie, it i»»>. - nwrmlm 
1 . |„,|.| ' ill*- Mime i -l.atl - a that hing 

*V‘. tV I.-- '•■»•»* M» oi luw her |wir 

' *-, * on. •• well by gnieefnl [-« ami 

' ' , .1* .-.Hiditia* \e< o.ecsMi hv aa ran 

nltrrt* " in her masleifnl nkewem of ' 

S, *. r ^.' *ear To. .ail* alone in 

exit I *' 1 I it Hie Mil <wa>t of lle-u 

I- - 

lildlng «he original o*/J .'"'‘nle.f 
M, 'i*trai|r,„ 
" *■ thl bj( 


V.lUrf — 


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Digitized by 


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Google 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1766. 



.•« O nie» tn«od out their clamorous midnight 
mliilc Im tin; day uf the Nativity. Cbrisiinus 

«M COOllng 1U 

The midnight service was veil on III 8t. 
Akiytuw. tlie greet tein |>W of ritualism, which 
stood oTcr iigainat the abandoned reservoir 
In Fortieth Street. Long since the long pro- 
cessional hud paisMd. chaining. up the aisle, 
with thn guuni-fared wee tic rector at iln bead 
in gorgeous vestments, followed by the trail- 
ing column of pried*. deacon*, and choris- 
ters. tlirir hands all foliirel prayerwuw orer 
their robes of while and red The light* 
titaMsI I low iipoli ilie chancel throngvd with 
the celebrants, nnd the church crowilod with 
worshippers anil sight wvw to the Gothic 
door*. There was a heavy scent of Incense 
in the air. The Inst wreatln of it bong in 
the vaulted roof. The great coronal over 
the altar, the sucted candlu* u|u>n It. awl the 
long rows of light* down the pillnred nisi** 
fell on stained windows and illuminated 
roof, and kindled awful Kfhta among the 
rich purple* and crimsons of ceeledarile col- 
oring 

In the hidden rrew liesidc tlie chancel a 
Inimpet I4ew, ami a thousand kntvhnjf men 
awl women r<«* from the stone door as one. 

There waa n little cuntiiotlon in the crowd 
near one of the side doom. A '< I ‘el cuped 
verger with a long stall stepped that *'uy^ 
There was-ijuict aualn. for the man win* hail 
caused the disturbance by pushing through 
tiie liiroag had gained his point of reaching 
the front, and the anthem lagan. People 
looked askance at the man. for Ids face waa 
rigidly set There waa n Hush in his cheeks 
not born of the cold outside His eye* stnrcd 
fliedlv at tli* n-cew beside Hie chancel. and 
they seemed like ice with tire behind them. 

"O come all ve faithful!" ch. .ir.il the 
Immc* and the little alto bovs in llielr lilgil 
sweet treble* piped Joyful and trium- 
phant.' anil the organ thundered and the 
trumpet called above the blended current Of 
sound. "O come ye to Bethlehem!" 

But he who stood In ill* front of the crowd 
at the side door hardly beard them. Hi* hot 
«v«a were fixed on the recess beside the chan 
«l, where the women ringers stood lie knew 
-foe women were not allowed In 111* chan- 
cel of St Aloysius— and with feverish breath 
lie waited while the anthem swept along its 

‘“Ch-arltoveall sound* at last it nric-Mrd- 
like in it* soaring, bird like in Its winged rest 
on the verv crest of the towing waves of 
melody, dipped in Hie spray ft wwnd •»inc- 
ilinca, hut always clear of tli* *ea "tea. 
Lord, we greet Thee," snug Hie high soprano, 
and then ft""* Uie front of tlie crowd at the 
aide door came a wild sobbing voice. 

••Oh. that tan'l m.V mother' 

Du ward use oUthem swept- ' O come, let 
us adore Him! - choired the lauses. and the 
tenor* and tbs child trcldes answered. O 
come, lei us adore Him!" . 

Meantime lh.- man who liad Blood in the 
front of the crowd was being led out by tlie 
velvetcwped verger with I he staff He made 
no resistance, hut followed trembling, and 
choking law k Ilia sol*. He did not speak, 
but at the door he burst out "l must go 
back. I wonder where die mV" 

And behind him In tlie grewt blirting church 
the Imummi shouted forth again. "(> come, let 
ns adore Hint!" And the wailing tenors, the 
childish trel»l«s.and the threatening trumpet, 
the thundering organ Mid tlie bird like so- 
prano over it all. “O come.kt us adore lltm. 
Christ Hie Lord!" 

It wm the midnight noon of Sixth Avenue 
wliell the m»t> who had sUrtled Hie Worship 
per* of Ht. Aloysius t tinted into it Myriad* 
of electric lights on the snow made it as 
liriglit as day Overhead cradled the aerial 
trams on their blglt track*. The bells jin- 
gied Iwncnth them of lmr*c* diuwing Hie slow 
street curs, heavy with loud* of IlnUy pawn- 
nrr* Carriage* rattled !<■ and ft-, from tmr 
to twff. from «fe to musir hall. Itotn music 
ball- the fcHlvrr Grill Thousands strolled 
the street, singing, lurking, shouting " Merry 
Christmas!" to one and all Through them 
ran the man from St. Aloysius. Hi* mind 
was numb He had no thoughts Hu had 
ooe feeling only — of heart break. He could 
not find her ‘ Her fore grew dim in bis 
mind * rye as he slackened his pace at Tl»ir- 
Mcih Street . , 

A coupe stopixd at tlie lighted door of a 
restaurant as lie halted on the corner A 
woman step|wd out. The otter hem of Imr 
Kill skill cloak touched the snow Her cyea 
uni) checks were alight and aglow with Imli- 
day sidi lt A gray murtached old man fnl 
lowed her, and she bore a blinking t>ky« ter- 
rier ill lief anna 

-Oh. lUlph. Ralph." she erted, catching 
sight of the man on the corner, "see my 
('liriwttaiiiw? St*! what Hie cnmnwdorei gave 
me!" Shi' held Hie sleepy Skye between 
her slender liatula gloved in lung inousaiie- 
uin-s up u> live gii/c of the mail who Imd 
brrli turned out of St. AloyMUs The dng 
began to hark. A look of distrustful won- 
der came into the man's face It »'•» III 
some dream that hr hud sccu this woman, or 
some woman like her. before It waa a bud 
dream 

Somehow | M . f,.n Hiat she had don*, hiin 
ill He fell a shrinking Hire waa something 
evil; be del niH know wliut Rut ije waa 
Ailed with fear fora moment that hi* mother 
might somehow pass and see li. r s|. j| , z , g to 
him oo the strew t. He turned mol rl -d on 
southward, tvaviug llte wuiiiuu. wild dvi' luce 


‘chin*** ' 


Digitized by GjpOgle 




RESCUE OF T1IE JEANS VI 



1 GG 


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<■ tfatafa 


No. 1788, 

Harpers Weekly, 

WITH COVBH. AXD MTrri.KKKSiT C-OSTAINISH 
AS ILIXSTIUTKII ARTICLE OX JOHX WMWT, 


tkkrx 1 i* nom * tort — aim a urn. is abtaxwl 

tinhatriplntMt layrn >rii\ my XlUlUff. 


TWO YEARS OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1 > RESI DENT HARRISON'S administration has 
reached itac middle term. He HMTtlwlnl a Presi- 
dent who was compare lively new to the country and 
without experience in the national service, bat whose 
personality was incisive, nud who had dona more 
than any other inttn in bis party to restore it to na- 
tional couHdwice and to give it a national policy. 
President Harrimo.x'h personality has not impressed 
the country, lie wax familiar with the national ser- 
vice, be was u party leader in In* State, and bis grand 
father had bcs?n President. He was regarded as a 
trusty | tarty mail, not brilliant, but very sensible, 
who would make a *af® if not a dashing Chief Magis- 
trate His election wad accomplished under ciiriun- 
atauces which plainly suggests! to the opposition 
' bargains and corruption." as tliat of Mr. Cl.KVK 
USD hail suggested to the opposition suppression of 
sntT rage in purls of the Southern States. The House 
of Representative* elected with Mr. Harrison made 
Mr Hrkij speaker. The Senate was already Repub- 
lican, anti the administration was wholly in the con- 
trol of that party. The administration opened with 
the usual partisan devastation of that |tai-i of the civil 
service to which the reform law does not apply. 
The two great party measure* pn»|MMcd were a new 
tariff and a national election bill, and parly fury 
was stimulated bv tin- extraordinary conduct of the 
Speaker of the House in amerting extremely arbitrary 
and questionable powers. 

The session of Cungress continued until late in the 
autumn. Tiie chief iiltrro*! was the tariff debate, 
with the passage of the tariff, and the discussion of 
the election bill. These revealed the fact that Secre- 
tary Bl.UNK differed from other party lenders upon 
the kind of tariff legislation that was desirable, and 
represented an important difference in the ]«arly : and 
they revealed also that the election bill was not 
warmly supported by the ]«arty pn»*. and was con- 
demned by a large imdv of tie- parly. The dclinli- 
on the election bill, and the evident Republican op|»o 
sitiou to it in the Senate, but In the suggestion of the 
introduction of the previous question into the Sen- 
ate, not us a permanent mndiliration of the rules, 
but ax a temporary expedient to pass a particular 
hill which the country had apparently condemned. 
Mean while the general course of events bad not fa 


Harpers weekly. 

vorahly impressed the country. The circumstances 
of the appointment of the |*ovlui:i*ter General. the 
“clean sweep ” of his Assistant, « hicli is no longer an 
agreeable jierforin.iiice to the nulional gnod sense, the 
extravagances of the new tariff, the performance* of 
the Speaker, the dislike of the election hill, the admis- 
sion of “mining cam pa" as States, and the consequent 
strengthening of dangerous financial schemes, a gen- 
eral partisan recklessness and sordid tone, accom- 
panied with criticism of the political opposition ax 
public enemies— these things and such as llnw dis- 
tiirhrd and alienated the public mind until the au- 
tumn election. 

The result of the election wax an unprecedented 
popular rebuke of ibe administration. The House 
was lost by a great majority. Even Republican 
Massachusetts elected a Democratic Governor. The 
author of the tariff bill, whose name il bore, wax de- 
feated. Politically the election was a disastrous rout 
for thp administration. Judged by Republican can- 
ons. it was a decisive popular verdict against the tar- 
iff. and a *' mandate " to withdraw the election bill. 
But when Congress assembled the election bill was 
urged to the exclusion of other buxine**, and with 
an effort to |>a*s a closure act to sex-are its |mssage. 
It wax xtreiuiously resisted, and linally baffled by a 
bolt of Republicans: and a similar bolt secured in a 
Republican Senate the |itixxugc of a fire silver coin 
age bill, and alarmed the entire business community 
of the country with the apprehension of general dis- 
aster. To complete the tale, the Secretary of the 
Treasury fell dead at the cud of a strong and con- 
vincing protest agninst the linancial policy which 
nothing but the volts of hix own purtv friend* in 
Congress and the assent of the President could make 
law. During the weeks following the election, also, 
the Indian troubles drew general attention to the 
long ami ilugrant inismamigemeiit of Indian affairs, 
which, although not beginning with thU administra- 
tion. has not hex'n radically improved under it. So 
the administration reaches its middle term, and lie 
must lie an enthusiast who supposes that iL has 
strengthened its party or secured the confidence of 
the country. Its advocates may argue that il has 
done quite as well as any other would have done. 
Rut they must lie aware that a party in power ix 
judged by it* own conduct, not by the possible con- 
duct of the opposition. 

THE GOVERNOR AND THE SENATORSHIP. 

It is always instructive to see how Inigcly partici- 
pation in public affairs is a private game. The the- 
ory of the representative of a Stair or a constituency 
holds him to tie a public servant, who is selected for 
his eminent and proved ability to promote the public 
welfare, ami whose conduct ix governed by public 
motives only. It is in the light of such a view that 
the great interest which has attached to Governor 
Hill'k present position is to be regurded. He is Gov- 
ernor of New York, and hix term doe* not expire until 
the 1st of January. 1WI2. But lie luis been elected 
Senator of the United States, and hi* Senatorial teem 
begins on the 4th of March. 1881. From the moment 
of this election it ha* been an interesting qiiextinu, 
discussed with great warmth by the political quid- 
nunc* and the pres* of the State, whether lie would re- 
sign the Governorship when the term of the Senator- 
ship began. Hix party friend* generally have lield 
that lie would probably retain his present office until 
it should lie necessary for him to qualify for the new 
one. HU party npiameiits have vehemently insisted 
that it would is- indecent ami even swinish to bold 
two offices at the same lime. 

Yet it Ims not been easy to discover any public 
motive in the assertion of either side. The personal 
political advantage of the Governor seem* to have 
been the controlling reason of laith arguments. On 
the otic liaiul.lhe assertion hits rrullv been that if he 
renounced his present office he would “lose his grip" 
on hix parly machine, mid consequently lie less able 
to make it advance. his further |H-r*oual ambition. 
On the other hand, the same eon si deration has lieen 
the reason for insisting tlun he ought to renounce 
the office he now bold*. We do not rnmemlicr to 
have seen the question discussed whether the interests 
of the State of New York would lir more promoted 
by hi* resignation or retention of the office of Govern 
or. The Mile consideration ha* been the political 
welfare of Mr Him. It is an interesting question 
also w he tiier he views il m any other light, Selected, 
while holding a high office, by the representatives of 
a great State to III] the highest office in their gift, 
does anybody suppose that lie ims considered the 
question of choice In-tween them in the interest of 
the greater or less advantage of the Stale f Is it not 
universally supposed tliat he regard* it in the light 
of ilM effect upon hi* own fortunes: That is to say. it 
ix generally believed thul he tnukes the Governorship 
and the Scnutorship counters ill the private game of 
his own ambition. 

Mr. MOKUY snyx Unit every step in politics gener 
ally involves a choice between two blunders. He 
means probably only what lU'KKK meant in saying 
that "all government is founded on compromise and 
barter." But the blunder of making personal advuu- 


VOLLME XXXV o \ Q ^ 

tage the decisive element In a choice ■•rp ul> lic arUu „ 
is not the kind of blunder contemplated by Mr MoR- 
ley in lihi remark. The doubt and the discussion 
concerning the Governor's prolwldc course have been 
|ierliu(m a painful revelation to him of the view gen 
erally entertained of him. That the man selected by 
the Slate of New Y'nrk to Im- a Senator of the United 
Stains would undoubtedly allow hix private advan- 
tage to determine hix public course is aa severe a 
judgment a* could ix- |xinM*i. u|mn a public man. 
Yet this is apparently the significance of the xilua- 
tkui. lx it perhuptt because any other course would 
lie regarded a* Quixotic and absurd that such Sena 
tonal selections are made, and that men more mind- 
ful of tlte essential meaning and dignity of great 
office are apt to decline the contest for ill It was a 
republican tradition that office should seek the mini. 

If the tradition should become again a practice, would 
the public welfare suffer f 

OVER THE BORDER. 

POUTtCB in Canada have seldom been hotter than 
in the present election campaign. We have already 
slated the situation us described by GoUJWIX SMITH, 
one of the most competent of observers, and an active 
participant in the controversy. The progress of the 
campaign has justified his remark that the real con- 
text is between the continental and anti continental 
feeling. As he lias said, “the continent is an eco- 
nomic whole," and the natural and inevitable ten- 
dency of Caiiadu. released from all but a sentimental 
connection with England, ix toward union with the 
United State*. But he acknowledge*, w hut is obvious 
ami undeniable, that while the United State* are 
ready for such union they are perfectly passive. In- 
deed, while to secure closer relations with the South 
American State*, which are distant and alien, of other 
races, traditions, language, religion, life, sympathies, 
we have invited a congress, and feaxted and honored 
the delegate*, and have projected a railroad. and seek 
communication and intercourse in every way, we look 
with quiet indifference upon a people of our own 
dominant race, language, traditionx. and history, nat- 
urally a part of us and close at hand, separated only 
by an imaginary line. 

The advantages of such a union commercially, if 
nia politically, are immense and undeniable. If 
reciprocity is desirable with Brazil or (lie Argentine, 
it ix most desirable with Omtuln, That this is so 
evident to that country as to have produced an active 
desire for reciprocity i* not surprising. It ix perhaps 
more accurate to say that the pending election shows 
that il ix evident. Tin- appeal of the Tory adminis- 
tration of Sir John MaC-doxald m to tradition, to sen- 
timent, to the British association, to the historic glory 
of old England, and a very powerful appeal it is. Na- 
POIXOX'r spell with which he conjured victory wax 
the glory of France. The inspiration of a thousand 
heme* of oar own has lieen the old flag. The moral 
power of the German army lies in the devotion to 
fnllier-luud. Sentiment, indeed, is often spur -tied a* 
sentimentality. Ilut il i* the subtlest and strongest 
of forees. it accomplished our revolution and xuved 
our Union. Mr. WlXAM. the ahlrxt and most teua- 
cious of llie advocates of Canadian reciprocity, is of 
opinion that the BriUxh loyalty of Canada will not 
lie easily shaken, but that while it will not seek polit- 
ical union it will gladly enter into commercial reci- 
procity. 

The ardor of tlie election has led Sir Jolts May-don- 
a Li- to denounce his opponents as traitor*. and their 
conduct ax I reasonable, a rhetoric in which a prime 
minister should not indulge, la-cauxe if hr knows a 
traitor or i* aware of treasonable practice* it is his flrat 
duty to enforce tlie law Sir JoHH applies the term 
to a pamphlet written by Mr. FaRKKK fora friend in 
the United States. pointing out how this country could 
take a course to force Canada to seek annexation. 
The friend vras said to he Mr. HtTT. of the House 
of Representatives, who has introduced a resolution 
looking to reciprocity. But Mr. Hitt disclaims nil 
knowledge of it. An attempt wax made also to im- 
plicate GtH.DWiN Smith as a party to the pamphlet, 
an ntlempt of which lie summarily disposed by a few 
statements, and the Empire, which had brought tliw 
charge, at once withdrew it. The incident shows 
how deep and strong the feeling is which underlii-s 
the election. 

The result will lie naturally interpreted as a popu- 
lar verdict upon the question of reciprocity. Defeat 
of the government, after the argument* of the cam- 
paign, would inevitably Ik- regai-drd ax approval of 
reciprocity, ami would undoubtedly stimulate the 
feeling for annexation as the way to secure it com- 
pletely and equitably. The disposition of this coun- 
try wax never more favorable to closer relations with 
Canada than it ix now, 11 ml a final settlement of the 
seal trouble, which cannot be longer delayed, would 
greatly facilitate uii understanding which would be 
mutually beneficial. It is evident thul in promoting 
n sen li men l of reciprocity Mr. Bi.aink ha* loiached a 
popular feeling. There is a large Republican senti- 
ment friendly to relaxation of tariff restriction, and 
a tariff reform sentiment which would go slowly. 
These both favor reciprocity. Indeed, this sentiment 


1 




1 


MARCH 1, 1«»1. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


167 


is probably dominant in the public mind, although 
those who hold it are divided between the parties. 
The result of the Canadian election, therefore, has 
unusual interest for us on this side of the line. 

SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF TUB 
REVOLUTION. 

RECENT signs, such as the organization of a society 
of the Sons of the Revolution, the proposals to have 
the national Hag raised upon school-houses and the 
children taught the nature of the government, with 
EdwaMi Kvfrott Half's suggestion that a pmfewMtr- 
ship of America is desirable in tire colleges, :.ll seem 
to show a feeling that the sentiment of nationality 
needs to be fostered and stimnlated in this country. 
Usually this feeling iu any country would win to be 
of a kind requiring no especial cultivation. The 
Scotchman, or the Swiss, or the Englishmen, nr French- 
man, is not supposed to nerd to be reminded of the 
duty of loving his country, or to he instructed with 
the p urpose of quickening his patriotism. But iu this 
country the tendency of which wc speak reveals the 
consciousness that the American people is much less 
homogeneous than any other, and that there is a 
necessity here which does not exist elsewhere of edu- 
cating a national feeliug. On the grewt holiday just 
passed, tire anniversary of WuBUuTullM birthday, 
it was a natural reflection that a hundred and two 
years ago. when the city hail but a little more than 
twenty thousand inhabitant*, mid President Wash- 
lKUTuN was inaugurated, there was not one of those 
adult inhabitants to whom Washixotox was not 
known. But this year, when the city haa more than 
a million and a half of people, to a very Urge, if not 
the larger part of them, Washington is probably un- 
known. 

It is because the population of the city is a com- 
posite population, and therefore a fair representative 
of the nation. The orators at public dinners tell us 
that New York is the largest of Irish cities, and Chi- 
cago of German cities, ami some oilier the largest of 
cities of another nationality. But no orator yet tells 
us that this large infusion of the foreign element is 
thoroughly assimilated iu our national system, or that 
the traditions and conditions and customs of well- 
ordered lepublican liberty and popular government 
are comprehended by the children of other national 
and political history and training who become Amer- 
ican voters. This fact gives reason to Mr. IIaLKK 
suggestion, America is what Americans made it. 
There is no charm in the name but that which those 
who bear the name give to it A hundred millions of 
people or more covering a continent without com- 
munity of tnulitiun\ language, history, political con- 
victions. and induing, would lack the vital conditions 
of a great nation. 

The city of New York, indeed, was always cosmrv 
politun. Iu ita very flint Dutch years the variety of 
languages spoken iu iu streets was notable. Hut iu 
the country at large the situation is of comparatively 
recent origin. At the close of the first half century 
of the government, when, for instance. WrHSTEB de- 
livered his eulogy of Adams and J EJVDWOlf, or his 
oration at the foundation of the Bunker Hill monu- 
ment. there was no necessity of considering how to 
stimulate and deepen the sentiment of nationality. 
The vast flood of foreign immigration with which we 
are familiar had hardly begun to rise, and an appeal 
to American patriotism touched every heart with the 
same emotion. That day w pass e d. The necessity snd 
the consequent duty of instruction in national history 
and of preservation of tha national traditions are im- 
perative. The fundamental truths that there is no 
liberty witliout law. tlwit every form of class legisla- 
tion is anti-republican, that educated intelligence is 
a chief bulwark of free institutions, that individual 
vigilance and activity lire the guarantee of political 
progress, must be constantly and practically incul- 
cated. Association* of Sons of the Revolution or of 
colonial dames, if they are merely clulis of compla- 
cent self congratulation of sous and daughter* of good 
citizens, are mischievous rather than useful. They 
are effective ministers of patriotism only when they 
show an active consciousness that woWcsar oblige, and 
stimulate all such sons and daughters to feel them- 
selves unworthy to boar their ancestors' names unless 
by devoted ami intelligent public spirit and public 
activity they serve the country as their ancestor* 
served it 

DELAY OF THE COPYRIGHT BILL. 

Tiik Senate tin* ps**e<l the Intern*! intis I copy right bill by 
s vole of Ml to 14. But it is s bill very different from Ibst 
which passed the Home, sod ill* amendment* compel It to 
be sent to a conference of the two Houses. This preface* 
s delay wbleh will be prohuldy fatal. The »e»»lon will end 
os tbU paper i» iswed. snd it i« not to 1st supposed Ibst tlw-re 
will be time enough to permit proper consideration of tbe 
Senate's amcodtacDi* tbeir acceptance by the llouv-. 
If the argument for pawing the 11* him.- Gill unchanged did 
not persuade tire Semite, the Home would certainly not ac- 
cept the Senate's change* without debate 

We should is; exceedingly gUd to be U Naked, but as we 
write it is pretty clear that lire incut |*«niiUing effort to set 
Ua a questiou iu which the moral fn ling of the luuiilcy •» 


well as many industrial interests are involved lias lieen for 
the |>resent frustrated Whether it was worth while for Mr. 
Sherman Slid Mr Kara to procure its tlefcnt hv their 
aincndmcuM need not be now d>M-it**cd fntther than to say 
that if (lie bill bnd Irtcn pweed liy tbe Senate ns it came 
from lire House, it could have been amended nfit-rwsnl, if 
desirable, in regard to foreign copies of book* snd foreign 
lithograph*. It doe* not seem to lure lieen wise to defeat a 
bill which, upon tlw whole, wu* accepted by all interest* 
concerned because in every part icu hit it whs not satisfac- 
tory 

It Is certainly disagreeable to American patriotic pride 
that the action of the Senate should seem to afford Josilttca- 
tion for tbe Uunts at liiis rouniry of such a person a* the 
Frenchman Znu. and tliat fifty years after such Senator* 
ns Wkjisvkm. Ci.av. Ew ino . I’ukston, and IUchaxan de- 
clared that, under proper conditions, our laws ought to pro- 
lecl the property of foreign authors, the nciion of the Sva- 
nte should jwevenl such protection. Vet American inleili- 
gvtice snd conviction do not long acquiesce iu any settle- 
ment winch Is not a )i»* settlement, and we may Ire sure 
Hint the contest which bn* tieeu con*tautly renewed will not 
end with tbe present dUcomfliurc. 

PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NEW MEXICO. 

It is good news tli.it on tho 12th of February Governor 
L. BeaDVORS Pltrsi s, of New Mexico, approved the hill 
establishing common scliools in tliat Territory. His mes- 
sage announcing die approval contained a few recorumvciln 
lions for the improvement of the hill, but the event itself is 
ooc of great interest, and Governor PhiXck ran not content 
piste any of bis important official ucU with siucerer satisfac- 
tion. lie ttjts la his message 

“While lending this notification I ctinsor tefrsin fnwi con- 
gratulating ynu anil alt tit* people of New Mevton on tiki* um-t 
mqsmant snd ausptviuii* event. « Inch euiistitiile* nu era in (he 
liistorr of llie Territory, * ill «tlr*>-I llMMakd* of lelrillgvol im- 
migrants to otir noil, and, above all, insure to every one of uur 
children the bhuMiig* of u education, wlticb it the key to a pro* 
pet ims and happy life." 

Governor PllTO is too sagacious a public man not to see 
that tbe key of an efficient school system is tho tenclier. ami 
that the vital point nf tlte law is it* provision for the selec- 
tion of teacher*. He reminds the Legislature Unit there nrtr 
a multitude of teachers iu tlte Territory who bnve never 
lewranl anything of the art of imparling knowledge and be 
esfiecislly commends the provision for teachers' institutes, 
which, when properly conducted, lie negunls as "short nor- 
mal schools, " and he recomuieudH adequate pecuniary pro- 
\ isUm to make tlte knatilute* effective. 

Tbe Governor's remark* sliow that liie difficulty which is 
familiar In the older States presents itself in the yoaug Ter- 
ritory. He soys: 

“ The employment of unfit perron*, through partiality, or 
time* vvro Irtuo pin, li.m bvi-n one of tix- hum fsall* ill toe 
past. There should be an ab-otvne prohibition of tbe employ - 
inelit of any oil* who lot* not u cailfftnua, and the granting uf 
three certificate* should be in the hand* or those lire flora local 
tic |H'. -ruin, iiifloeliiw. Kvcti if tbe graining uf cvri ificsti-* uf llio 
lowret gisile Uc allowed to be made ns sow provided in tlic act, 
llmse of htglwr grade should be lamed owl* by a Territorial 
buurd, iu order tint the srsiewi may be oiiifoiin, and lit* certifc- 
utter may vntille tbe boiler* to sul in any put of the Terri- 
tory ” 

Tbe remedy for this difficulty lies in the appointment of 
teachers by ascertained merit, the application of the princi- 
ple of civil service reform to the school system. This has 
been largely introduced iu the ratal district* of New York, 
under the suggestion of tlw Superintendent of Public In- 
struction. by the voluntary action of the county scltool com 
inUsiotM'ti). Biit *it should be made mandatory by law 
throughout tbe State. It i* very fortunate for New Mexico 
tliat it* school system in to be cstablivlicd under the super- 
vision of so intelligent an Executive and one so familiar 
with tho requirements uf an effective system a* Governor 
Pkinck. 

SPOILS IN TUB SENATE. 

Senator Gorki* ban beca too often and loo roundly 
scourged by the civil service reformers not to try to ‘ 1 get 
even” witli them in every practicable way. Hi* crooked 
political methods, List: character and conduct of bis political 
associates, bis demoralizing and degrading political stand- 
ard*. have lo-en rrtuorxeloaly exposed to the whole count ij' 
in tlie Baltimore dril Srrrie* Neformtr by time* who an- 
perfectly familiar with him and his way*, and who are aid* 
to paint hi* portrait in the niort vividly truthful colors. It 
i* not surprising, therefore, tbsi he (how Id *clxr s favorable 
moment to deal a blow at tlw reformed system, and in deal- 
ing It to insult the Civil Servic* Commission and praise lb* 
Po-t master General whore infidelity in hi* party * promises 
ami pledge* of reform tbe rammissinn has revealed. 

Under Mr. Gorman'S leadership the Senate hie* abrogated 
tlte civil service rale* in lit* officii of the Supervising Archi- 
tect of the Treasury— In otlirr word*, it has made spoil* once 
more of places that bud brru rescued from lb* m ercenary 
dutch of politician*. Tbe cluing* is no more for the Itenefll 
of the service Ilian Senator Pi.ruu's proposition to turn mit 
nn immense burly of clerks who have l*eti appointed upon 
proved ability and fitness in older to make mom for drrk* 
temporarily appointed, not for IIiiwm but for politics, by 
politician* like Messrs. PLt'MR and Gorman. 

These blows of a Rt-pulilkwn Senate at the reformrd *ys- 
tent, if not remedied by Republicnu vote*, are a singular 
commentary on tbe lb puhlienn claim of fidelity to reform. 
If such action i* taken by a Republican Semite, it might a* 
csioslsietilly and hotioralily repeal live law. There are. nev- 
cTthcle**. two good results of such action. It show* the 
exact worth of tlie Republican party prnfc*»ion. and it also 
riiow* tbe cffectlveaess of tl*e reformed system, flam. 


Gorman and I’mmb strike tiecauae they are hurt. Tho 
moonshine which they ridicule ha* hit them. They feel 
thoi a reform which fills tbe public service with meu iff 
proved rompctetioc. and |ireveiilA Sena tom frtun using the 
public money ax wtlnric* to pay tbeir own political debts, 
threatens litem with politienl extinction. Such politic lux 
are tbe creation of the spoil* ay stem, and in Hi-tuinlog it 
ihey are fighting for their live*. 


THE SLATER MEMORIAL, 

Tiik ivenllar fltnesa of erecting a suitable memorial to 
Samcki. Si.atrh. tbe father of American cotton unuiufac- 
tores, in lb* country In which for so long a lime cotton wa* 
**UI to lie King. ret|uires no argument. Tbe proposition 
U Use natural result of the lute Interesting snd successful 
ri-lrhr.viion of the molest eslablishmeut of bh "plant** In 
1‘uwim ket. Rhode Island, which wos an event extremely in- 
teresting us mi illustration of the geniu* and quality of tire 

The form of the nremurinl will depend u|hmi tbe nmmint 
of the subscription*; and as every |airt of the country has 
liceti Irene fit'll by the industry uiiiib Mr. StuTKit estab- 
lished. the appeal will be matte general. It is sometimes 
felt (hat our tutionn) good nature t* i]l<.po«ed tinwIttiDgly to 
drstmy tire honor and tlie valire of such memorials by llieir 
nlHindauce, au<l by the want, of discrimination in selecting 
tbeir objects. A irenraual regard and exrellencr of ebarwe- 
ter alone are not sufficient w arrant for the erection of u pub- 
lic monument. 

Tn distinguish an excellent citizen, wbo is hut one of thou- 
sand* of such. I* not to iionur him so much ns to dishonor 
tbe community by tlie implication that excellent citizen* ore 
so few tliat when one is discovered be should be especially 
commemorated. A statue should commemorate u citizen 
who Iras isien in some way an acknowledged public benefac- 
tor— u man whose politic services have made bis name hon- 
ored, and whose public character should be commended as 
all example. This rule would include great statesmen, great 
arti-ts, and men of letters, great inventor* and discoverers 
and pioneer* of industry, ami it would certainly include 
riAMt'Kt. Momk »ud Sa mi'ki. PLATER. A Slateh memo- 
rial would not only adorn the pleasant town of Pawtucket, 
but iu a land of coiloa m-iuofnctures It would recall tbe 
modest character and worth of tire man who effectively 
planted a distinctive national industry. 

PERSONAL. 

Wii.u vms ('uu.n,K htuduula of the past quarter century 
rein*tulM-r AhraM l’AN(MiNs,tlie Iw al colored celebrity,* boo: 
well-knovrit priqreiiaily for buutitig gave him tbe iiaio* of 
"Ali* Hunter.'* The ubootinal developureni of bis frontal 
bone, amounting almost to a born. combined with remark- 
able physical strength, make* it pnmdhir for him to break 
Irani sttlwlonews >■} sinking them with his Ireml. Accord- 
ing to tradition be lias bii'ted down a two-year-old bull, 
broken s griii«Utone, and o|eonl tire door of a burning store 
by rusk lug a lost te ting-ram of bis luv iocible head. Al I lion git 
over one hundred year* old, lie tnnke* tbe ronnd of the col- 
lege duiuiiiorics an warm uud snitny days. At such times 
lb* boyn bring (Mil their pai-klug boxes and thick pieces of 
brand*. which have Ireeu stored for tlir occsaiou, and ABit 
■|Utekly split* dnu inter Uindliu' w<hmI" hy atriklog tlrem 
ngninst hi* forehead. This Hlrange chsTBeter was ttoru a 
slave in rioutli t'aroliun, und drifted to William*! own about 
the t i lire of the war. 

-ln*|ieetor Tim.su* HYli.Vi:* Iras been made nn ofiieer 
of tlie thrvler of tire Crown iff Italy by King Ht MRKltT. 
This «ril*r U third ill ini|Hirlui>ee in Italy, uihI i* given the 
chief of the detective focea of New York fire hi* effort* 
iu returning Italian ruminal*. Tire chief of tire Pan* 
police was lately given twenty-two decoration* hy the 
t'zar fire detecting Ktiiuiati nihilist* iu I'nris. This tuny re- 
pay him for tbe |HiN>ililo low of lire rruns of the Iregiou uf 
Honor, which tony not !*■ In-*lnwed upon detectives. 

— Ope raa of Italiau, Fn-iirh, and German eiHii|MMrrs 
are to t*i given dm mg n spring sea*on of grand opera 
iu English lit the Grand tipcra House in this city. The 
season, which will Ire uwricr tin- direction id' Mr. Jamks 
W, Moltntv«r.v, will IregiU Mondny . May tutli, nod rmitiuus 
six weeks. Tlie work* to Ire protluced are /.seat < The Ntiilf 
•f iMmmmmmf |. fru /riaruie, fiuwoi, .l/artAs, II Tre ratine. 
Mild Mia el. The organiznlHNI will uniulret 155 |>e<qilr -swlo- 
i»4a.ehonis, sod otrlreslra. Among tire proniiiimt silists 
will Ire M.vduilie HaI’UNK l.'AU.KNAXDR, Mi** IvOl’IKK Na- 
TAIJK, Mias CaMII.UK lll’okl, Air. (TlARL» HaSSKTT, B igOOT 
TAiiiJArurtiiA, iiimI Mr.VViuuno \Vtni:n*.i*f the Carl Rasa 
Ojreiw Cumpaoy, LoiHbiti. 

Kenutor Kb.MIM** is very fond of Imrlieuitiirr, and 
tlmls plntMuit slimmer ieer*alio«i in working among tbs 
fmit In*'* at hi* Ixnue in Burlington, Vermont. 

1loi*e iiimI euiitel raising afibul tlie King uf Italy amuse- 
ment mol profit, uud lie ha* large mid cltolc* lieixl* iff tlrem 

— Although only aeventeeix year* obi, MKKitrrr L- Frn- 
Xaiji.mimi of President ITatNALli.of the Maine State College, 
bus lievn rnudr Awistuut Botanist and ilerliulist at liar- 
vnrd. He t* quite well known in scientific vireles. 

Tire fee given Rev, Ur. McVlcKAR at tire ASTuR-WlLL- 
ixn wcshlillg ia said to bnve been filtl.OOU. 

— Marqiiia Ritiini, Italy's new Premier, Was Mayor of 
Palermo at III* time when Prvwiilent Lincoln «m umimi- 
listed, niul had one of the streets of the city named after tire 
great martyr. 

-Among lire gift* which the Kiapress »r Germany re- 
ceived at the recent ehri*teuiiig nf her Iraliy wan a #15.0110 
set of diamonds from tlie Eni|remr of Austria. 

• — General •luwKl'II E. JollXKTVlN, the vlevoted friend of 
General NlIKli.MAN ever since lie siirreiolered to him during 
tire late war. and on* of tire pnll-tn-ureis st iiis funeral, is a 
Striking ligate at Washington, w lo re be bolds a govern- 
ment pn-ution. tilt over eighty years old. he is alert 

and erect, ami. like hi* ilepurted friend, he i» a wcicutus 
guest iu social circles. 


168 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


6 XXXV. 


jfO. 


1 ?9A 


1 





TUB UTK GENERA I. IIEXRT nASTISfiS HIBI-EY.-(Nr« P.«* JM.J 




Digitized by Google 


MARCH 7, INI. 


HAfcPEfc’8 WEEKtt. 


If# 





r |''l!F little sitting room, at whose open win- 

I dow I was seuted. w«* very bot Prom 
tlin lodging* on either hand of me there broke 
into the quietude of the night a horrid, de- 
tracting noise of Jingling piano*, accompanied 
by a squealing of mum voice*. The hour 
win nlmut eleven. I Ailed my pipe afresh . 
left the inline, and walked in the direction of 
the hear it. 

The mono rode high. I had never before 
seen the orb to small, and so brilliantly pier- 
ring too. She diffused a w kle hate of green- 
ish silver round about her In the heavens, in 
the skirts of which a few stars of magnitude 
olione sparely, though clear of thp sphere of 
Ibis vtenrn like radiance the sky trembled 
with brilliants, and went hovering to the sen- 
line, rich witli prisms and crystals. In the 
heart of the silent ocean lay the fail shaped 
wake of the mootl. and the splendor of its 
hither extremity, so wide-reaching was it, 
■Mined to melt out in the linea of summer 
aurf which formed and dissolved upon the 
wet-darkened »nnd. 

It wanted about a quarter of an hour to 
the turn of the ebb. The sand* wore a licottd 
Arm platform, and stretched before and be- 
hind me, whitened into the complexion of 
Ivory by the moonbeam*. The cliff* row 
tall one! dark on my left, a silent range of 
Iron terraces, with the block sky line of them 
allowing nut agninst the stars, and with no- 
thing to break tbelr continuity save her* and 
there a gap. as of some ravine. The sum- 
mer -night hush won exquisitely Miolhlug. 
Front afar rnmc the thin faint notes of a 
land of music playing in tlw town, past the 


as black as Ink. and ber tails airlessly poised 
over ber in spaces, like ice in shadow. 

I walked dresndly onward, smoking mv 
pipe and listening to the innumerable babble 
of the waters upon the Inch. 1 went per* 
baps a mile. Thor* was plenty of time; no 
hurry to go to bed on such a night . and there 
would be abundance of room for the walk 
home long ufter the tide should have turned. 

I came abreast of a nuus of black rock, 
table shaped, and nearly awash, that is to 
say, the water stood almost at the level of it, 
bo that ul Hood it would be submerged and 
out of sight. I spied what I thought to be a 

( Jmm of light renting upon it: but on look- 
ug again I wits sure that that strange shining 
could not be moonlight, 
fur the lustre was local, 
and it waa not light ei- 
ther. hut white, ami It* 
sine was about that of 
a man'* body: and. In- 
deed, it looked mi much 
like a naked man that I 
drew close to examine 
It. There was dry sand 
to the rock; but the wa- 
ter brimmed verv near- 
ly around It. and there 
waa water under where 
th« white object lay. 

On drawing near. 1 ob- 
server! that wbut I had 
thought to be a gleam 
of light waa tbc body 
of a drowned man. 1 
stood staring long 


have walked fast, and that gully is hard to 
climb. Tbprr i* a dead body down on tba 
bench." 

•• Whereabouts. sirT" 1m> exclaimed, with 
the Instant promptitude of the smtuon, and 
be advanced to Uta edge of the cliff. 

" It lies on that rock there." said I. point- 
ing 

" I see It. sir." said he. " D'ye mind com- 
ing along with moT My mate won't be hero 
for a hit." 

Together wc proceeded to the sands. The 
coast guard got upon the rock, and stood 
viewing the body. Then catching bold of 
it by the arms, lie dragged it gently o 


tbc matter of fact coast guard, stooping to 
bring bis eye* dose to the Angers of tlw body. 

" What is now to be done?" said I. 

" Whirh way might you be going, sir?" 

"Home — back to the town," f replied. 
" I've walked enough by the sea shore to 
nlglit." • 

"Then,” *ald the coast-guard, " I'll ask 
you to report tills here dWcnverr to the Aral 
bobby ye meet* with. Tell him f 


to carry the corpse U 
case the hobby— the tide, ye sec — 

•'No.'' said I; "rou dragged It single- 
handed from the rock. You arc able to drag 


huge shoulder of dlff. hut the distance win 
too great to suffer the strains to vex the ear. 
Indeed, Use silence wm accentuated rather 
than diaturlied by that far off musk. The 
creeping of Uie surf waa like the voice of 
innumerable fountains. There waa not a 
breath of air : (be moon's redactions lay Ire- 
mor !<•*»; and in the liquid dusk on Die west- 
ern edge of that motionless path of light 
floated the phantom shape of a ship, ber hull 


enough to ntlsfy 

trie that lie was 
dead. It was a dis- 
mal and a dreadful 
object to light upon. 
The very silence of 
the night, the hntli- 
ty of the stars, lit* 
high, peaceful, pier- 
cing moon somehow 
increased the horror 
of the tiling On a 
dark, stormy nlglit 
1 do not know 
that such a specta- 
cle would have so 
shocked and un- 
nerved me as this 
now did 

I peered In right 
and left, but not ibu 
shadow of mortal 
Iwlng stirred upon 
the wide white 
sweep of the sands. 
Then, casting my 
eyes up at the cliff. 
I recollected that a 
little distance fur- 
ther on there was n 
gully, at the haul of 
which Mood a coast- 
guard's hut, and knowing that there would 
t>c a man stationed on lie lockout up there, 
I forthwith bent my step* in the direction 
of the gully, and ascended It until I arrived 
at the huL Her* I found a const guard, no 
eyed me Oxedly a* I approached him. 

I said. "Good night. coast-guard." 
"Good-night," he answered, attentively 
surveying iVie by the light of the moon. 

" 1 am somewhat breath leas," said I. "I 


" Ay." said be, " I thought as much This 
II he llie gent as was drowned whilst bath- 
ing out of a boot yesterday Poor fellow! 
lie's left a wife and two children, Tlwrc'a 
been a reward of twenty pounds offered for 
his hotly. That 'll I* youru, sir, " 

1 |t will be yours." said I. " I do not stand 
in need of money earned in this fashion. " 

The body wtt that of a man of about thir- 
ty. lie had fair hair and a large mustache, 
and In life had doubtless been a handsome 
young fellow. 

" Tain t oftcu as they comes ashore so 
perfect,” said the coast-guard. •* They're 
mostly all at* up so as to he unrecoguLeahle." 

I recoiled, and 

•wid. "Why um I 

afraid of this body? 
ll can a* it hurt me. 

It is hut a dead 
mau, and comely 
too. Why. m hit 
lies there, coast- 
guard. he might lw 
formed of ivory, 
moulded by the lin- 
gers of Hie aea out 
of it* own foam, 
and cast up thus. 

And yet." Mid 1, 
looking round, with 
a silly, chilly shiver 
running through 
me. "1 believe It 
would go near to 
unsettling my wits 
were 1 forced to 
•taud watch by this 
body all through 
the night here." 

“I sc* bfl'l got 

bis rings OU," said "HB lOSTOVU) TO BOW, WITH III* »*< * AVBH1B1* FMpf OK. 

Digitized by L»oogle 


It single handed to tli« foot of tbc cliff. If I 
UMir-li<d the poor thing— Well, good night, 
coast guard.” and 1 walked off. leaving him 
to handle the laxly single handed, for which 
I have no better excuse to make than that 1 
was pi Manual at the lime by strong feelings 
of horror, and perhaps fear, which the pre- 
sence of tbc coast-guard in no degree miti- 
gated, and w lilc.li were induced, as f can now 
believe, by the sixblcnnrsa sod violence of 
the obtrusion of on object of terror upon my 
mind at a moment when it bad lawn render- 
ed In a peculiar sense unprepared fur any 
such experience by tbe enervating charm, the 
sweet relaxing magic of the soft and glorious 


170 HARPER'S 


night of moonshine nsd silence and wider* a thick gold lioop, and tire covering of his 
Milling with tbe Meallby liis» uf champagne. head consisted of a enp fashioned i»ul a skin. 

I Mapped mil brkfcly, and a* 1 walked I Otherwise be was habiu-d in the familiar 
arimsi lo behold many while ladies of garb of the British boatman -in a blue jersey, 
drowned men flouting shore-w ard on Ibe large loose trousers. formed of a yellow stuff 
summer feathering of Uni liUk h(Vake«S. (-ailed " fcsrnaughl lopboul* under the 
When I arrived at the town 1 met a police- trouser*. which Were turned up to toveal u 
man. to whom I communicated llte news, portion of she leutlirr. I oltaervcd that hi* 
■od I then returned to my lodgings ami sat ra/.e had an cnld character of staring: It was 
in the open window smoking a pipe, ami »* fixed, m-ro. yet with a suggestion o! restiess- 
1 lighted my pipe the clocks in the town uew» in it, a* of temper, 
struck the hour of midnight. " Are von a Jew?" said I. 

A* 1 sat smoking thus 1 mirrendciwl my " No fettr.” he luisweteil. 

mind Mi wholly t«i ronlrmpbittori of the dead " lh> trot sujtpow that 1 ask the i|iipstinn 

while body 1 hail suddenly fallen in with, out uf any d isrespeet to yon. The Jew* nrc a 
tom I miisljt well have supposed the im pres- very intelligent. iiiiere*ting people It would 
sinn nhieh tire eoeounter would lewve mint cause me to wonder, however, to And a Jew 
l<e lifelong. But next slay I relumed In Loir- a bontman. ” 
don, ami within n week "the memory of the “I tun I no Jew sir.” said lie. 
little Im-klcni bad as good ns perished from " IVriiaps you ate wliitl i* culled u Romany 
my mind. For n mouth 1 was very busy. CltalT" 

My «m|rfoyiueOt was exceedingly arduous, ' What* tliut?" be crud. gazing at me with 
and often 'obliged me to w ork late into the Ills staring eyes 
night Then, at the expiration of the month. ” A gypsy, isn't it?" 

feeling uncommonly lagged, I resolved lo lie grinned, ami answered. "Well. I be 

spend a week nt tlse same ara-slde town lievr I Inw some piker blond in me.” 
where 1 burl discovered the body on die " Wbnl do you mean by pikey?" 
rock. "Oy|*»y." said he. 

The name of thU town I will not give, I " That must he a locul term, "said l,"prob- 
do not wish to excite the anger «f it« boat- ably derived from the word turnpike, us con- 
meu. “Hoi" they will my. sImniM 1 name net-ting the gypum with ilie road." 
their town. “ Ho'" they will cry when they He strained nt ids uara in silence; twit my 
have arrived at the end of my Story. what question* appeared to hare excited some on- 
a loy! This here piece is put into the new* TtoellV in him us to myself, for I observed 
paper* all along o' spite. Tbesgunt don't that be inn hi* eye* over me dwelling with 
wish ns well, and he's invented this here attention uiton every part of my apparel, 
blooming yam lo ware folks from eutpUiy- more especially, as it struck roe, upon the 
Ing of us. He's a-going to start a pleasure lings upon my lingers, uud upon my watch 
yacht for taking o' people out at a shilling a chain 

bead, and don't mean Mint u* pore watermen 1 stood up to look around. We were clear 
shall get a living." Tims would you <!<•. of the harbor; and the line scene of tike c-hiTs, 
claim, O vo sous of the beach; and that the house* on lop. with tlieir Hashing win- 
yon may lit no wise suffer from any slate- dow*. the white IlistroiM line of Hands, lay 
nicnls of mine. 1 withhold the name "f your stretched before mysight. We were the only 
town, so that the realtor may take his choice siunll IsxU upon the surface of the sen. but 
of uuv port or harlsir on the coast of the Dearth® jm-r were a number of bathing mn- 
Uolkd Kingdom Nevertheless, wlnit I am chines, mid several dark knots of head* like 
about to relate is no ' Mv. ' but like truth cocoa-nuts bobbed in the straw- bright linraof 
itself — absolute. nremoraMc, living. the surf. The horizon wras broken by the 

l was again at the Mw-sidc. It was now ottllitkes of a few vessels, ami one large steam 
the month uf August, and tin- hottrat August cr gliding stately and resplendent, flushes of 
that I rwn remember. After the intolerable white the. likecxplodlng guti*. breaking front 
best of London, uud the fatigue of my work like double line of her glazed port-hole* ns her 
there, nothing, of eouiwr, could prove so bene- movements brought ilnoe windows to the 
fictHl, so bruciug, in all se BSCS so restoring, ns sun. gleam* of ruddy flame leaping from the 
sea-bathing, (till for the Issthiug machine puli-dted brass furniture about ltcr bridge, 
sea hath 1 had the strongest aversion. First, and a long line of water glancing astern “of 
there was no depth of water for swimming her. ns though she towed from lier ntern-jmst 
The necessary depth for true enjoyment nns some league long length of shimmering white 
to be gained only wlren lire limit* were well- satin. 

n:gh exhausted bv the l.ilxir of striking out “ What might lie tike correct time, sir!" 
for it. Then 1 dl*lik« d lo httUte In cornpaoy. naked the lusitinan. 

Again, 1 oh icon* I m the crowds who stoixl 1 drew out my watch, a LamWnne gold 
watching the barber* from ill* pton and frproler. »■•.! tare him the hour Heile.uk 
sand* In fact, for on expert *niimiie-r stirli ed me, and said. ''I suppose you're a good 
us I, there is bat one method of bathing to swimmer, sir?" 

tire Hit: Ire must take a bout, row out a mile ' I am it very good swimmer.'' 1 answered, 
or two where lire brine sparkles fonmless. " Tlrett the deeper tbo water, tin better 
wlMTO 11 is dear of tin- contain teallmi 'if tin- JfMlI in- pla a nl sir. I've beta told thsl nr- 
set of the inshore tide, where tire blue or ter six fadom of water every finder f hi lulu 
green of It U darkly pure with depth. makes a nun feel so mucli’ more buoyant 

■ in the morning following the day of mv that it s like slrappiug a fresh bladder on to 
arrival, somewhere about the hour of **veu him. " 

o’clock. I threw some towels over my arm "No doulrt," said I: " wbal depth* have 
and walked down to a pan of the hatliur J'OU here * 

where I knew I should find n Itoatamn. ' ' (Hi. Irere, - cried be, cuulemptuausly glau- 

Evea at (bis early hour the lute of the sun cing over the side, "why, llrere ain't twelve 

was as tierce a» though Ire Moist at his nif- foot of water here. We're right on top of a 

rid inn. The atmosphere was of H Iwilllaut bunk Ye'll ucr«t to let me pull you about 

blue. Tire re was n little ait of wind ll«at a mile and a half out In get tlic soundings 

delicately rippled the sea. i In held not a you want fot a Hrst rlivoi awlm." 
cloud in tire sky— no. not so much n> > shn-d - Well." said I. llrere is no hurry. You 
of va[Hkr of the size of a man s bund. In Ibe know all aiuiul llieM- waters, of course. By 
harbor the red uroviut of smacks pr> |<*Mug Hie way w hen I »« here a month ago." I 
to go to sen painted lire water under them found a dm wood body <hi tile wtmls down 
The soft wind brougiit many wholesome I here "' 

odors of lar, of Ma-wccd, of sawn limber t<i ' ' Oh. was you die gent, then, u» fell in with 
tlir nostril.*. As l approached that part of Ihnt bu*lvT" Ntiil tire man. rcgaidiug me with 
tire pier oft whkcli im>*t of Ibe wherries In*- his peculiar gy pay stare. Tlkere wo* a mat 
longing to the town were congregated.* man ter of twenty isoiimt olTeved for (bat disco v 
who wits leaning with hi* Imck 1*» mi: over a nrv Wish /"rf had the linding .if tire poor 
stone pout, gazing m like directimi id the fdtow. Twenty piaiiul’ Only think. And 
sands, turned Ills bend, and goosing at my it was nil p*i,| over 1*» n coast-guard- " 
intention liv olwerving the towels 1 carried. ' That's right. ''said I. •' 1 walked up tliHl 
stood erect w ith alacrity, and called mil break in the rlilT* yotkdor to Uw coast-guard's 

••Boat, sir? The werry morning foe a swim, but there, and gave notice. Who was the 
»ir. A sheet calm, and ibe flood » only now drowned man. do you know?" 
a -going to make. " "It came out in lire (runner's quest, but 1 

Tlniitgh 1 bwl front time to lime visited forget the name 
the town. I had nevrr spent move than three How wits Ire drew nod?" 
day* at • time in it. and the Ixuitmcn. there ” Why. by a-wading out of his depth. 1 
fore, were strangent to roe. I said to this allow.’* 

man ; The const guard told roe be was draw tied 

- Ye*, it is the very muruiog for a swim, by bathing front » l«mt 
Wteat soit of a boat le yountl' • Ho tfedn'l know nothn about it," an- 

Tire I rest Isjut in tlic harbor, sir." be an. swered the boatnian. " There never yet was 
twered. " There sin- lie*, sir — it n-nl beauty," a man drowuried by bathing out of a I amt in 
and lie pointed eagerly at a wherry painted 1li**re jairts. Didn't yesee the umMiiit of lire 
til ue. with rabi.nl thulc-plns. after the fashiun '<|ikvu in the newspapers?" 

Of lb® ta«»Uof lire Thaiin s walerineu. '' No.” 

1 Imiketlal her and anitl: '• Ye*, sire will dn ‘ Well," said the man it was supposed 
very well to lake it header from. Itriug her Ire was took with cramp. There's too many 
alongside " ' dtowndlug Juba of tlial sort going tin along 

It was not until I was ynlrd in tile stern the coast. It don't do us watermen any good, 
sheets of the fioiti that I (mrth'tilarly noticed It create* a prejudice ngin the place* where 
this waterman, who. having flung Ins oars lire uccidrnts happen. What dire* a man 
over, wus propelling liis little craft llirutigh wnut to go uut uf Mb depth for if be ain't no 
Urn water with * velocity that was warrant --f s-.» iminar ■" 

itn iixtranniinary imwerful arm. My eye* We fell silent, ttnd Ire continued to row 
then resting upon l»l» face. I found myself with great energy, whilst 1 lay hack in the 
Dtrtltk hy ills uncommon ap|waiunce. Hi* stern sheet* enjoy ing lire sweet cool fresh 
skin was "verv dark. Ins hair ji-t-black and lu> tics, of the salt iiir breathing upon the fare 
eves were uf a giaxsv hnliiam < with pupil* of the water*, and great I v enjoying lire noble- 
of jet. Cmnre n* Ins hair wn*. it carinl in and Mlllimi Bfws iucle of ibe si s shining un 
ringlets. He wore a pair of intmenwly thick tier tire <un, and of tire cm»t. whose many 
whiskers, every libre of which might have cob-re. and wboK- mmiy features of strikcture, 
been plucked from a bow » tail, lib nose of rlliow. of cliff, of green dope, of down on 
was heavy ami large, and the curve of the tup. every stroke uf lire oar was now making 
Uuelnl very deeply graven. In each car was inure tender, more delicate, more toy like. 


WEEKLY. volume XX*V, ), 0 m 

After rowing for about twenty minute*, man eyed me with ferocity, 
lire gypsy fared boatman rented upon hi* moved ns though he were , sums 

(jars, and "taking a look round, aud then gar- tlmtights lo hinos-lf in an irapi*il Jargoo. We 
ing over Ibe side into the water, Ire exciaim- altll mutiniml to be the oflfy bool upoa the 
ed. “Tbis here'll be tire sjait, sir, " water. The gu-m steamer l>ad long uore 

I at once undnwoed, stood up in the Mrrn- muaed out of sight, and upon the lioriwo 
shirts, jmt my (mods together, and went liutig the few sails, scarcely ini|rellcii hy Uni 
ovrrinmnl into lire pool, pwn, gltws-cUwr languid breath of the air’ that was slowly 
profound. 1 came to tire •■.irfuoe. uud with weakening a* lire suu gained in power, 
a shake of the head cleared my rye*, and At lust 1 said to the mini, ' Where ate you 
perceived ibe tsmiitmii very leisurely pulling going?" 

lib wherry Mill further out to h*. Tbis That's my bnuneas. " he answered, 
was. perbaps, a* it should be. He might, in- "Where ate you taking m« lo ?" I ex- 

<l«rd, have liradtsl lib boat io for the laud; claimed. 

but. in any ease, be *i» right lo keep her in He fastened Ilia staring, gleaming eye* 
motion as nit Invitation to me to swim after upon me ami answered. "I'm going to put 
her 1 swain with great cojov-mrni: the cm- ye ashore " 

brace of tbe water |N'i>i'i titled to my inmost "But you are uot rowing (he boat in Hut 
U-iug, mid every pulse in me I rent with a new direction" of tike town ' 
vitality. 1 twain ditwllv iu lire wake of the ' I know 1 in uut." 

boat, past tire rim of whose stern I could m« ' 1 want you to set me ashore at the place 
tbe bead of the boatman. He held roe in where wc started from ' 
view, aud lie watched me intently, though " Y"« nwg want." Ii- replied, pausing upon 
from lime to time lie would direct hi* gave hi* oars to advance hi* bead toward me as be 
to tliat part uf tbe laud where (Ire town was spoke, os though, iu unotber moment, lie 
situated, amt Mkmetimes Ire would turn bin would leap upon roc, 

bead and look behind him. that i* lo say. By lliis time I had rallied my wit* some- 
over the bow* of hi* hoit. In the mantlet of wbitt The feeling of profound exhaustion 
one w|n> cauDikl satisfy binxsclf that some, was also jsL**iog. I was dressed, and tbe 
thing i* not approaching mere Irelng dressed m In Its way n help tnw- 

Presently I thought 1 would catch bold of ar\l the compronro of tire mind. 4 was man 
tire iNdtt by the gunwale, to rest myself, mid to mutt with the ruffian, but not his match; 

I called to him lo Mop rowing, that I might no. I lull hut to rim my eye ovei In* flgura 
come tin with him: tail lie did not stop row- to understand llutl. I sat coulemplating bia 
ing. Wlren I called be turned hi* face front villwuum face and thinking. There was a 
tike, and continued to ply his ours I culled InjiiI stretcher at my feet, but the mun '* tierce, 
lo him again, but lie paid m> attention to keen eye waaupon me. Before 1 could grasp 
me There w«» the sullen air of murder and employ the stretcher; tire fellow would 
in lii* averted face, and In hi* whole matt- have gmwd my intentions, and I must there- 
ner of derertniuatiun not to bear me. My fore cither sit still and wait until I could un- 
beart Is-at furioudy. and F felt faint, fo’r demand what he nitwnt to do. or ffiug my- 
note, with the velocity of thought, I wa* link- self unou him and lake tire chance of tretug 
ing tire fab- of tbu ntan wbcae dead Ixxlr I burled overiHMtd. No purpose could be 
bad lighted upon with tire grwv ruffian served by mv (wp*iring the boat. I WHS dost 
abend of ure III the Unit, and I mid to myself, clothed, am! my inovenreul* in tire water 
he might have been drowned, and perbap* would therefore be eefiouBly harapmd; ami 
by that very demon tlrere, as I am to tm I Iren, again, if I engaged in a struggle, with 
drowned ; h-tt mn I am to In; left, to swim tiu- tho intention of ca|adxiug the boot, and *tio 
til lie sunk from exhaustion, a* I am to sink, cccded in doing no. it might l«- hi* fortune to 
that lire boatman might pomeashluMelf of Ii in regain her aod to keep me off from lirr. and, 
watch and chain and money as my watch apparelled as I uaa, and exhausted as 1 waa, 
and chain nnd money an: tbe object* for 1 should not loug la- able to remain afloat 
which I am to be (rfillged to straggle here He continued to row nlong a uourte that 
until I perish! was still (wnillel with lire count. He rowed 

Tlrese thiMiglitx swept with the speed of a witbareirt of Milky energy, and often directed 
dream through my head. I cried aloud in it a furious look at me, wfaiM bia leather nether 
voice of latter despair— as acutely realizing lip work**! as lh’ii.’gli be were reciting some 
now the inurdemii* villain's inietiliou *- diann to himself. Pn-w-ntly I v»IH to him. 
though I lisil speikt an hour in digesting it: " Where are you inking me to? Why will 

"Fur God's sake do not leave inc here to vnu u. it put nreiwborc where we starud front? 
drown. Take what you want; take all that You have tried lo*trown me, and your object 
I have. Have mercy upon roc Let roe eitn la- nothing hut plunder, fur I have not 
tench your Ixait and rest! offended you. 1 have done you no wrong. 

Hr i-riniiniM-d to row. with hi- face averted nnd therefore your only reason for attempt 
from me. and I was near enough to him to Ing l« drown ure must be tho Jewelry upr<Q 

easily observe tbe vtUaamt*. diabolical ex- uic. and such money as yon rosy hope" 1 have 

prereiuu that now sat upon hi* dark enunte- lit my pocket. Now I will give you all Ihnt 
nance u Ire ala red in silence toward tike land. I pomes*, tur watch and chain, this ring, and 

I turned upon my back In rest myself, and tbe two or three pounds which I have In my 

alt tbo while my feverishly beating heart pocket, if you w ill net me asbnre where I came 

■coned to he saving: "What 1* to tai dune? from." 

Mint you drown? You are nut two inilnt He stared licrcely at me, hut made do re- 

from lire sliore Cannot you swim Unit di«- spon*r 

t*Di-e? Rrsl awhile on your back, and then " Do you fear I will .charge you with the 

•trike Win like a man. " You have m> other etime you have attempted? said I. ' 'If you 
chance for yuur life. That demna yonder will set me ashore in safety I swear not to 

intends that you shall drown. He will se say a word upon what ha* happened ' 

crele tire booty be means lo lake out of your '' I'tn going loael yeasliou-. lie eXcluitnesl. 

pockets, and will row an liore and pul on a "Hut where?' 

face of coualeraalion. and report that when He flung his viHnnnu* head lotekw-ard low- 
you were overlsmrd you weie w-lzed with nut tbe sen over the bow* of In* Ini at and 
rrnmp, and sunk cm a sudden like a stone attid. " You'll l*e finding out afore long." 

Whilst I thus lay upon nty Uu-k, liesieged " Ab " tbuughl I. " il I bud but a revolver 
by the moat dreadful thoughts, half mad in my pocket, if I had but a kuife. if I bad 
with wrath and with despair. Lire lioatniaii bat any sort of weapon tltat I could furtlve- 
aeulled hack to roe, aod pulling tbe blade of ly draw forth and Instantly employ'" 
bis left our upon my bressi. thrust with it. Tbe litre of roast ran sway down on the 
with the idea uf Mlhmcrging me. 1 grasped left-hand side. Hie nearest town in the Ui- 
tfaeoar.and held it with the teniirilv of adylng rectmu the Ixainiah wav taking would Ike 
man. He could not shake me off His right some mile* distant from the pine*- in which 
u*r*lipiH*l from liisliamlaiwlw-entuveitsmrd. I was staying. Tbe cliffs gradually mat to 
the Imat swayeil dangerously My drain:, in- an altitude of bard upon a hundred feet, with 
deed, was to capsize |t. iMHaii-e I should have many indflM* am] little coves; but the face 
tbe ruflian at au ndva'itage if 1 could get him of them as we advanrcil girw- mure and vet 
into the water, bdavily clod at Ire w im, even more preclpltou*. and in plates tbc nick a 
though lie should be a* expert a swimmer ns Mood abrupt ami rlraii as lire side uf a Wall 
I . and then there would lie lire boat to bold When tbe list Ian ue had quilted was out of 
lo. because, being light uud without Ini last, sight, and tire Ana! group of houses on oar 
even if sire ti lied she would out sink. Fur side bidden by lire trend of tire cliffs, the 
llrermore, there was the certainty of our sit- bnutauui t*«ik a swift look over Ills shoulder, 
nation being witnetned from Ibe coast, and then slightly changed the course of bh boat, 
of help la-ing despatched furthwitb making licr Iread in fur lire coast to a sort of 

It might have lieru that lie feared the liust bight of II, as it wreaked, formed hy uu ang;n- 
w<Hild capsize, and It might have been that lat projection of ibe huge, iron-faced son 
Ire guessed we sltoukl be pntaetUly oW-rved ternu • so that it looked as If lire land ended 
through some U.'le3ct>pe levelled at us from wlken: dial point uf nait stood, for the boiT- 
llre pier or cliff. He suddenly cried, with a son wern to it. and we were not far i-imugh 
furious curse, •* Gel in. get In?” ami letting out lo wre lire sweep of land beyond 
jo bis oar. be dragged mi- iutn the boat. fling- Tliat the bantmuu ilesignol Mime diabol- 
Ing me from him «•} that I fell over an after had act I did not doubt, lint 1 could nut im- 
llawart.and lay fora few mutnvtits brent It lex* agiac what fotm II was Iu lake, lie meant 
aud almost uncunsciirua in the bottom of the to set nre asltort-, lie said. Did be intend to 
boat. ID then throw his oar over and nut* laud and UiM immlcnne. to Umi me io aiinu 
meuvrt*t the wherry so as to recover the nth. lonely bight or rave.--u.il there full u|h>ii m,- 
er nor. whirii dooe, Ike ad justed himself on and slay me? No.1 did not Ireheve that If Ii u 
hi* hiiI and fell to rawing on n course paral- ialeiMh*! lo make away » lilt me for tire »uk«- 
Icl with tbe catxM of nty money and jcwelrv, it would be tiio 

I rose, trembling in ex try limb. The shock business to provide tliat I should appear tik 
bad been terrible, UIV rent-ike a miracle. I have been drowned by aerident. • Ulre-rw iso- 
»-enred to feel lire band of death cold upon bow would be neciwnit for my dimppertr- 
my bean even a* I Maggefed un in my feet , mice? t)r if my bndv should be ilinormd, 
and still I was in dire peril— alone with a and marks of ii "devilish outrage were visilxlo 
p>jwerful. muscular riiffiita. wlio, bnving al- upon it. wbut answer would Ire la- able to 
ready attempted mv life, might again In self- make to the charge id having murdered me y 
defence, lo Mlmce tny testimony against him, Hut wliat, Uwti. did be im-an to do? To 
renew his murderous effort in another dire©- act ure ashore? In that nv I should be thlo 
Uon. With an exhausted band 1 nasx ri a to walk liomc and report wbut laid Jiapivnocl. 
towel over toy body, aod then clothed myself Did Ac mean to return to tlic tow n that |»o 
Meanwhile uut a word wa# uttered. " Tire UloDgwl ut? That could not signify, for 


4 


1 

I 

\ 


! 


MARCH 7. 19*1. 


HARPER'S 


"WEEKLY. 


let blm make fnr any port that bo chow, ht« 
capture wm ultimately certain 
lie awe;* tlie bout in rapidly to Uie crawl, 
heading Iter for » curvature in the land that 
might buve pouiii for a miniature bay. Tin' 
»«« remained a blank, rave for those dim and 
distant sails upon the horizon. Tin; water 
wanbed to lire foot of Un toast: lull in 111 * 
little bay fur which the villain Was slmtbg 
I ciMild pnteirr. as tho boat row on tile 
slight swell ihal wan now running, tlie gleam 
nf sand. Nothing stirred on the height*; we 
were now within a nuance of a mile, tail 
not a moving object was visible. lit! Con- 
tinued to row unlit the bout was in the em- 
brace nf the Iniy Tin- dark dills roared like 
a colossal rampart tu lilglt overlirml. n ml at 
either extremity of 1 |m: curve of the ln»y. at 
the point of efllver horn of It, Otero was a 
little piny of turf The man drew in bin 

oars and stood up. 

■Give me that watch and chalu ofyouru!" 
he shouted 

1 line to tuy feet. 

■'Give me that wnleh tutd chain," lie ro«r- 
ed again, and thrusting hie great dark hand 
into hia linfchc* pocket, lie whipped out a 
tig clasp knife, which he opened. - X«* trou- 
ble." bn exclaimed,- 1 nr I'll cut your throat." 

I placed the watch and chain down upon 
a thwart, and he pocketed them 

*' Now null out all the money you have." 
Tbls I <tld. atid he took the coins awl put 
tbnm in his picket. 

“Pull off that ritlr." 

This 1 also did. lie eynl mu nil over, still 
grruplug the knife. Then looking toward 
the Iwwch, Ire said. “That's where I ni going 
to land vu. You're a good swimmer. Jump 
overboard.'' 

" If you land me there,’’ said t, " I shall be 
drowned. The water is rising, and those 
rocks nn; not In he c limbed.” 

''Jump ovurhewrd:” nakl he, with a men- 
acing flourish of bis knife, 

" ll is a hit of a swim ns yet.” said I. "I 
am sick and without strength For God's 
sake put me a little closer to the beach tbut 
I may have a cbnuoc!" 

He Imitated a moment, then stooped tr> 
pick up au oar. In that itisluut l bounded 
upon biro, Impelled by tlie incoinmuniresblo 
agony of mind I was in, by what I may truly 
call tho tent tic impulse uf die ihspair that 
was upon mo, I. leapt the thwart with the 
velocity of a w«»lf at full cry. and ere he 
could lift his ryes I had put iuv shoulder In 
his side and hove him Inin (he water. Then, 
shipping an our. I pulled the boat's bind 
round, shipped tin- other our lieta'lxt the 
tlioic-nms aud pulled out of the bay with all 
my might. 

Before the point of cliffs had shut out the 
buy. I caught sigbl of bis head. 'Dio follow 
wo* swimming. and swimming strongly, tow- 
ard tho curve of tho rand at the Tool of the 
cliff. 1 now niMkiwtcod the sort of fate h« 
had intended for me. Having gained tlie 
rand. I should hay* bean imprisoned by tho 
water, liut the thin was making fust, and 
when the flood was at its full, die ana-lino 
stood some feet ahovo tbc level of the mod. 


set ashore. What more probable, then, than 
llnit I should have changed niv mind, have 
attempted tu make my way home in my ig- 
unniiKS! of tin- neighborhood, by way of the 
beach, instead of by way of the cliff*', nnd no. 
pern, tied? 

Those thoughts uccu|Ued tny mind ns I 
rowtal llo- w la-try in the direction of the har- 
bor. 1 pulled at tho txtm wkfl flltV; I Was 
sensible of a horrid distnirtjnu of fear, as 
though it were in the power of the ruflhin to 
putsiiv me. to »mt the I mat. to enter her 
and cut my Ibroal with (lie knife lie bud 
ttiMirifliod. I ein-rud (lie harbor, m culled to 
a binding • stage, **< sited the pointer of the 
boat lu it, anil stepped ashore. Tlietc Were 
many people slsml. the nir resounded with 
the c ries of Umtiuvo inviting the jnvwrs hy 
to go nut for a row nr a sail. None of ilioi! 
tnen look any notice of me. Probably none 
of them knew that 1 had ntartwl in company 
with the gypsy boatman, and they would 
pmtiuMy Imagine Hint I bad returned from 
a solitary pull out to sen. 1 walked a little 
way, and pre-mul I v observed a harbor poli<«- 
mim. 1 approached him. sod said. 

"I wont to inform against a ruffian who 
lias just nttrmpti'd my life *' 

lie looked me hard in the fur* slid was 
clearly impressed by tny agitation aud ap- 

What's wrong?'' mid he. 

' A boatman whom I went out with this 
morning lm« attempted to drown rue." said 1. 

‘"Step this way. air.” said the man: and 
with llmt he conducted mr to a brick built 
liouae adjoining a row of warehouse*, ami in 
the window of this brick built bouse was a 
large wire blind, un which Were wrought. In 
golden letters, the words 1 1 .ir In ,r police 
Office.'' The policeman lifted live latch of 
the door, and entered, and I followed him. 
Au immense man, with large: ltd whiskers, 
wearing a -on of naval cap. with teiicf* in- 
trrwrrntlvcd over (lie peak of it, ami a frock- 
coat, live breast of wbicli was braided, oat 
upon a tall thrcc-leggvd stool reading a news- 
paper. He looked at me over his sjwctackw 
as 1 entered. 

’• Here's a gent says that one of the bunt- 
men's been a trying to drown him." mid live 
policeman. And. addressing me, lie uddi-ii, 
'•This is the superintendent." 

The superintendent put down bis |W|>rr. 
iitul took off bis gluwvcs. mid sskwl rive In 
tell him my laisliiw, I forthwith related 
nty experiences to him. He listened ttiten- 
tlvcly. nccaslonally glancing at the constable, 
who Mood hy lislcuiug, with liis inuulb slight 

cribe tbi: niau, sir," said tlie auperin- 
lendent. 

I did *>. 

" It s Gvpny Rill." said live constable. 

•‘Yen It's Oyi*y Bill " said tbc aupenu- 
tendeut. The same msu as took out live 
party that wan drowned last month " 

” And tlie somu man,'' continued live con- 
stable. •• as took out Hie party that wasdrow ti- 
ed a year ago come next mouth, ” 

The aupcrinleudeut thumped his leg. *' I've 
been .lUtpIcions of that cltnp all through," 



There wbs not an acrcssiMe piece of Jutting 
rock — mailing fur tlie bnml tu grasp, nor fur 
tbc foot to support it«clf bv. upon tbc face 
of the perpendicular sleep. ’Therefore I must 
inevitably have been drowned, And what 
•Uiry would live ruffian have invented to ac- 
count for my disappearance? J conceived 
this: that Ive would Imvc leisurely rowed bark 
to the harbor, moored hi* l«iut. mol li.unirrd 
upon the pier, us bis cikIoid was. without 
tiller lug a syllable about me. unless, indeed, 
be liail lm-n olMcrvcd tu row me out in his 
Iwat in lire morning. ami should la- asked 
what had become of me. Suppieiug this 
rpiralloH put. be Wutlld answer that at tuy 
ft*|UO<( be bull set rue ashore some two III 
three miles down the oonkl. as 1 desired to 
walk home by way of the cliffs. Who could 
have disproved this? It must have been 
readily credited, It was u thing that was 
again and again happening. And Dow ima. 
clue my body found n|-»n the wand* of the 
little bay where he Inul i 'impelled me Uv 
swim ashore! There would have Iweti an 
inquest. it would In: ascertained that [ was 
the gentleman whom Uie gypsy boatman bad 


said Ire. Freeiiuiu, cull Jours anil Wood- 
ward, and tukr the Iscial and get live man. 
The IIinhI 'll not Ive at its height yi< and the 
man himself 'll Ik' i«* prettily tmiletl as llunigh 
wr had him in live lockup. ' 

T heard him prnnolliiU' there words, then n 
IvIinhI red hlaxe of tire «s'ine<1 lo rush from 
my bin In out ill rough niv eye* | fell, and 
remember no more. 

WiHii 1 recovered my i-mwciousocai I wa- 
in l*«l in my own kdcinga. AH nreeswry 
llifot iMritiou id suit me bud Imh-d fuiitnl in my 
tvH'ket in the *Ii»|h> nf It-ller- and curd- 
My abler bail been iel<-gra|ihrv| for. aud -lie 
was at my la-ilsiih- When I uwukc, after thre«- 
days of utti'r Inarndbili'y When I was 
strong •nnijgti to Usteii mid euinurw, I was 
told that the police InihI Imd pulled iluwu to 
the little bay, foiiml live ill an. and btnitglu 
btlu to the town, where lie w:»* lying, locked 
up. (hargisl with the attempt to murder me 
CotillniiatoTV proofs of Ids guilt, outside the 
story I t no t related to tbn superintendent, 
were found npiwt hu person: fur the demon, 
prolmhly furgetliug in bis time of peril tlial 
he hod pocketed »y watch and chain, my 


ring aud aiy money, had omitted to rnnccal 
them or rtiug them away wires tire pula-c- 
bmil showed herself n.uuil live ronit-r. 

Hut Ihbv "'a- not nil: two visitor* had lust 
their lives within ■ year. The body of oire 
only was recovered, trod this ««* the pour 
fellow whroe renin ins I luul stuuililed II|hhi 
during my looelv inoonllglit walk ulotig the 
sands, ll was lit-lievitl llmt Imth there men 
hail petisbed whilst halhing from a Umt. aud 
■he rurouer, during the tlitptesl held U|vott 
the body that liad In'I-D discovered, hail com- 
nit nnd aonrewliBt dgaitkaally npoa the dr> 
eunulunce of both these ilisiisUrs having oc- 
ctirivd front the some I mat, lu charge •<( the 
Mime man. 

And Imiw, whilst I luul lain uivcofwekma, 
the police li-wl M-sicli. d the little lioure. or 
room, uccuiwd hy lire buotuuin uiiiimsI G ypsy 
Dill, and there they h»d dlacoveml a gold 
pencil. eiuM! aud a pair of gold pints-- uez 
ghis'-s and a watch idmin, of which articles 
the former two were chiiimsl as lielooging to 


171 


the nun who had been drownrd lo the prr- 
viuiwyeat, whilst the watch chain was sworn 
w by the widow nf the gentleman »i:r»» 
hudy 1 hud iltMuvfted. the poor lady imp. 
lulling lo In: in the town whilst l hiv Ulvcoii, 
scions. The upshot of it was tltnt Gy uy Bill 
was MTOlODCm to (H-nal acrrilttdtt for life. 
That lie mils guilty of two munierx was cer- 
tain. anti tlreirforc lie ought to have liei-n 
luiuged. Never tie' It- w the r irrumstaolisl «ti 
lienee did liot -cent MifUeiieiilly strung lo ad- 
mit of the ds'iri h TM-teilty. for it could tmt 
terUtioly Is |>roVed that the tlcivd. when hi* 
victims hud plunged ovcrlmnrd. had tpilelly 
contiiiinsl t<> row. Intving the unhappy men 
to sink with exhaustion in bis wake. It 
could not certainly In* proved that the poor 
fellows had i*vt liecii «euas| with entmp nnd 
suddenly sunk; Init. nil the same, no one who 
le-urd 1 Im' -lory ever diuiiMcd that this iIi'iimhi 
of W fJV*7 Inks I man IumI left tlretil l<< frerl-li, 
or. as lie luul attempted in my cinre, had hast- 
ened llreir end hy a blow with his our. 



THE FUNKKAL TRAIN TO ST. LOUId. 


Tiihkx times situs- the civil war fuiKrul 
trains, healing tlie remains of men whom llvt: 
nation mouriMsI. have gone wtviH'nnl from 
(lie «w. or near it. lo lioil graves far inland. 
All three nf there men lent horou au native 
part in Hut war. Two had l*cn immortal- 
ized hy it; two were u>oMs»l>iutvsl Presidents; 
the third v.as the last American Geii.-rui, 

Tbc hella of Jersey City were still lulling 
Thursday evrmog, F , elvri»iiry lUlh. when llin 
train wltli the bndv of General blverman left 
for the long lomiKy lo the Mla-ivlppl. A 
thuu-ntid miles were to la: IraverwsI lirfivre 
the Calvary (7-mclCrV III Si. I^Hiis -lii.iild lie 
reaClusl— a tUousnnd miles through Sinus 
Ibni vu.sl in >igiM uf respect ami sorrow. 

Between New York aiul i'liilndelpliM there 
were eight ears in the train, the last lacing 
tbut uf live !*mtilcnt nnd hi* party. Tbls 
left the train nl I’biltnleipliia, nnd Hie Seven 
cars roatinuod their journey with th* hr went 
nnd the nhortott >Hvp*. The lira cur wna live 
fiiiirrid cwr. henvilv dispe-l ill black oil tbu 
uttlside. ll «;■> divided into two compart- 
ment.*— one fur the guard, and lire other Ji.r 
Hu? cn-ikel. Tfii* eompartnient was lined 
with black, and a single lamp susi>eivdcd 
from the ceiling rust it slim light u|H>n thu 
iimkct. which revtcl U)viii a low pLntfuria. 
Upon | he ni*k*t was tin- bright Hag which 
had »hubO in live vpleudiiJ priNv»«tou nf the 
day. Near iij were tbs- onddlo, the riding 
ln»U«, the spline, w bis'li the black born* bad 
borne during tlie dnv. AU aroubil wm- the 
flow era which had Inm-d veut to the house 
In tire nllret' compartment wile III* guanl uf 
honor tlmt w n a to keep watch to ihr i-iul 
Tire hi her runs eoiitalnd the fainlly, the 
iNill iH-arers, tbi: raeort, and the guests of 
hoiMir, fXi*|it lire lust, which was s dining 

With the departure from Jersey City be- 
gun a pivigrea* equalled only twice befoie lu 
the history of the n> linin’. A* New York 
hud iN't-n. Mo HAS lire whale In I lull draped in 
tlie sign* uf narrow nnd mpcct. And that 
w liich wavai every liiMaiit visible from the 
cur windows was mil the token nf lire ap- 
iwninm'* uf the whole naliuu front ccavt to 
c-uusl. 

The train nude no stops, un Dialler how 
Urge: the- nsM-inbly of people It r idled 
111 rung'll cities ns past villages, and along tin: 
country *lde. Tlliiec who louked from the 
windows saw I legs nl halfniad. ih-i-p dnt- 
|u'f Ic'n uf lilac k un farm buascs, on the hum 
nxMls school huildings. A -they neared town* 
or cl I leu the signs of mourning wen: in pro- 
portion to tbc inlinlatHlitH. Now tin y »*w a 
farmer and his family with liancd beads lie 
fun: their hum* In cite inidsl of the flelilu; 
tiuw It wits a line of men at a * ilUge siniion , 
again it was the thousands upon tliu«isatids 
drawu up in the i itre* n ull prtaOBWd arms, 
AliOVC tire rattle uf tire wheels could be heard 
Mimetimns tire roll nf a drum, the pt-.il of a 
eliureh bell; vi^iretiures tire heavy, soli'iiin 
ruiisie of a ImiiiI playing * hymn: sometime* 
the boom of rim nun tlmt oius: but no more 
nroiisist the ilrii'l mail to the onset of lialilt- 

At 1‘itislmrgli, early Friday morning. Ihrnr 
was a long atop for a change of engines. In 
iiiiiii ipklion uf this. Un- line of the iViili»yl- 
vania tracks from tlie skirl of lire rilv to the 
station *u Hired with people. bimI with the 
military nnd civil orders. When the train 
slopped in lire Miimai h hand plavtd u dirge-, 
and ill- vast crowd uncovered. ( annuli wen: 
firing oa tire hill- rouudabout A pu~t uf 
arruy veteran* filed through the funeral car, 
mid laid their iiilicn il Imule flags among (lie 
flowei-s. A lu-w engrtre, drapnl'in blark.WiM 
attached, and the train Blurted while III* bu 
gtcra w*rv sounding a rrspiieni. 

troon adet'Wanl lire train entered Ohio— 
the doail man's native Scute lb tpicwls hail 
been rvcrtvtxl from lire G. A. R post* in each 
town along tbc route that (be train might 
•top * few luuiuenU. But Gtatnd Howard 


refused all, breaiise tire delay would lure 
1*01 low gteuv But every farm In him: and 
every station was lUr .natetl. Yount- Men 
■tid old. i Ire school '.-hililren even w en- drawn 
up. mid freiptenlly the voice* of children 
singing mine fmuilv to the w of tire peo- 
ple in tin- train. Wln-rever there was tv slop, 
flowvr* were handed to those nn Isinrd. 

At Columhus then: *u* n stop of Hirer, 
rprarteln of an hour. Over 9ft, WM people 
weie niasoed ill and around live station, while 
all the military uf Columbu* and tire adjoin- 
ing country that had not com' an to St, l^mia 
wasthrrr, ululingamt tlriii|.'CiiiiiiuD. There 
wa« again a new engine attached, Atiuvo 
the luwd- light »i« a picture of Geucral Hirer - 
llnill. with nil eagle ulsnve. Bcluw un lire 
inscription. "OIiJo'* Son, tire Nation's Hero 
Tlie engine wa* draped in blnr-k, and r|*cx>- 
ruitsl with ling* 1 h . licit with hlaek. Through 
Ohio. Indiana, and llliuui* the -nine Mjviien 
were repeated ; neb, however, with its pecu- 
liar MgnilU'nnce, its own way of tokening sur 
row. The train reached St. Ixiuik ut h :«i 
S aturday morning, aniid tire roaring of can 
non. 

It hud been raining in Hi. Louis, and lire 
slfwlN still bore Users uf It. But the sky 
wo* clear and the nir ouol — a rcprtiiioit nf 
the ilav in New York. Governor Francis 
and In* staff reci ivtsl lire i:-fllreni who hud 
■ecQinjiuiiii-ii ihe reutamK 

An srNvn ns li.r finiPTiii prorrssion w.is got 
into order, the InnIv wuu removed from tire cur 
hy lire light sergeiuits who bud been selected 
as hearers. \* It emerged from lire slut ion, 
thti ten* of tlmusiiniis ldiN:king tire sirpr.'i* 
lanwril their ImuuIs. the (lags dipped, lire 
Twelfth Regiment of infantry i>ie- iilc*i 
arm* and a Iwiul -t.uuded a funeral hymn 

Tire caivmu was draw n by six buy horse*, 
with tlvrcv giddlvr* wiio hud managed the 
llutehkiw-gun at Wouud<*l Knee os riders. 
Behind whh led a lilnrk horse, not lulled a* 
in New York. (H-arlng the leveiswl raddle, 
the hoot*, aud Ure spurs of tire rind warrior. 
Ahuvit the rulsMU) mareliei) lire guanl of 
honor from lire Hansom i‘iu. 1 . U,A, li. Ten 
of tlresv wore ptirplc badges, with Hiis 
upon them: " Survivor*, First BnUuIIou, 
'I liirlueuth Reglmurit, United Slates Infantry. 
Our first Chdoncl and true friend." After 
the raiwon werv live relatives lire gitrst* nf 
honor, amt fire honorary pail bean ra sdketetl 
fur St. Louis: Majur-Genernl Jultu F"pt-. 
Brevet Major General Amos Heckwitii. lira 
vet Major General John W, Tuner. Brevet 
Major -Uoiretal W illutd Wanvcr, Brevet Briga- 
dier General John W BsrrigeT. ('•■mtnamier 
Clrerlve B.CiHtonfl'nlled Slate* Navy), .liulgw 
Saniiiel Treat, l 'uloirel Gv'irge E. Irerghton, 
\ ukMiel Charles I’urroo* By n>u Sherman. 
tHniel it. Hsrrisnu, l-iure Sturgeou. Thomas 
E. Tim, ll- F Tuusev. 

Tire column wav In *lx divisions, anil in- 
cluded regular army troop*, militia from 
MiMtourr. Ohio. Irnliaim. Illinois, jiuIvIh' offi- 
cial* from all the surrounding .Suite*. In the 
Fifth Division were 200 nremliera of tbe ex- 
Confederate ,lK«ocl:vtion of Missouri, wearing 
lireir gray unifunii*. and having upon their 
hri-Mstr bridge* of ctapv. 

At two o'clock tire cnitoOTl fsisw-d thruUgb 
■the military organization* drawn rip on rill re r 
stile, mid jwiiset'l ut Hu- gnii* ot t alvary Ceme- 
tery. Then tire pull wu* home through tbc 
i i melery. and <et down near the grave of 
Unit auit <if General Shnman who died hi 
1 NCI, Tire service* of t lie G A. R Were read. 
Rev Thomas K Sherman, Ihe sun ,.r the 
Geuenil read *ome ptlMBAM of Scripture and 
n prayer. A military suhite llrexl over 
tho closed grave, and liveu all departed except 
u guard uf huuor. 

While St. Louis whh (rearing the General 
lu his grave luniniM was suspended in all 
port* of rhe niuiifry, .Memorial service! 
were held.lrells were tolled, and cannon fired. 
It w#s a luemurnblo day to all tire nation. 



172 


HAT 



THE PROGRESS OF THE SHERMAN FUNERAL TRAIN x 

1. The Arrival at Columhua. Ohio 2 . The Grave. ;i The Interior of t]i« v 

■ ^tieriil t ’n |. 



ttpKT.V 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV,. NO. 1783. 


174 

THE BEHRING SKA CONTROVERSY. 

(OrmfluiMd from r*V> JW. XHfpfeMml) 
rlfte league measured from the diore. This 
limit was adopted by nuivema) consensus <>f 
nation* many yearn ngu. and win selected at 
bring the rouge of a ciiiiuciu-slMit 
Tlie protest of tito United Blares against 
the ukase or 11*21 »» futwilllulrd by John 
ijuim-y Adam-, tli'ii Secretary of State. I n 
tier dale of February 23, l«£l, Mr. AduriH 
•ddrrwwd a note U» Mr. Poletica. tin- Russian 
aUlbnusndor at Washington, in a bu ll lie mill : 
"I am directed by tbe President of tlie 
United Stale* to Inform you Ilia* be luu. seen 
with surprise in thi* edict tbe assertion nf u 
territorial claim mi tl«e part of Hinosn extend- 
ing to like fifty- tint degree .if nor lb latitude 
op this continent. and a regulation interdict, 
trig to nil commereinl vessel* nlluT than Rus- 
sian, upon tbe penalty of teixure and COU fl «-a 
lion. Hie approach upon i be high «ea« within 
one iuunlre l Italian miles uf the shores to 
wlili-li that claim is made inxpply. . Toex* 
elude tbe veweis of our cilnrm from the 
shore beyond tbe ordinary distance t->. which 
the leniiori.il jurisiiietioii exIeiuU lias ex- 
cited still greater surprise " 

In a subsequent noie to Mr Middl.-nui. Unit- 
ed Stal-.- minister to the court of Si. Peters- 
burg, under tlw date of July 22. 1*28. Mr 
Adams again rehearses III tholr entirely the 
pr.-ien*ioiis set lip by Russia, and in opposing 
diem says: 

" Tile United Slatim nta ntlmil mu juirf uf 
thr* eiuinu. Their right of navigation mid 
of fi-blog i» perfect, and lias been in cottar- 
queue*- exercised from tlie earliest times af. 
ter the pvwcuuf ITtSt. througliout the whole 
extent of tbe Soul Item [Parifir] Ocean, sub- 
ject only to the ordluarv exceptions aud ex* 
elusions nf tbe territorial jurisdirtinnk which, 
so far as Russian rights an? concerned, are 
confined to c-rrtniti island* norib of tlie fifty- 
fiflb degree of lalilude, null buve no existenre 
on tin- continent of America ’* 

Great Britain also lust no time in filing Iter 
protest it guinat tbe extraordinary jurNdklhm 
claimed l>v Russia in tbe edict uf H*21. Un- 
der date of January 1*. jkW. Lmd London 
derry mid n- wed a note to Count I-n-veo. Ilo* 
mhii altibanuidur at tbe court of St James, in 
which he declared thnt Great Britain could 
not H'liuit tin- sovereignty asserted by Rus 
sin. In a inter nninniunicHtlon to Count 
Nesselrode. Russian Seeretary for Foreign 
Affairs, the Duke of Wellington, thru Brit- 
ish utnbawndur lit St. IVtcrsImrg, rhilNinitnl 
tbe lenioustiuncv of Groat Britain, refusing 
"to ndmit tbe sovereignty prop-wed to he ex- 
errDed under tbe ukas*. and denying " 111*. 
right of any power possessing the sover- 
eignty of n country to exclude tbe v essels of 
other* from the ora* on its ennui* to tbe db- 
stamerif one hundred ftulian miles." 

Tiiese representation* on the part of the 
United Hlntc* and Great Britain received 
early attention nt the hand* of live Russian 
government, and informal assurance* were 
speedily given Unit no attempt would lie 
made to enforce the penalties prescribed in 
the imperial edict agniust vessel* trcsjnissing 
it* provisions. Eighteen months after the 
edict was proclaimed. Russia invited Great 
Britain ami the United Slates to furnish 
their representative* at tlie court of St. Pe- 
tersburg with full powers DCCeaeary for live 
negotiation of convention* reconciling all 
controversies between the three governments 
relative to live jurisdiction claimed by Itiiuda 
under live ilka** of 1821 This in* iiaiinu 
was promptly accepted by both government*, 
and after many mouths of negotiation a 
treaty was concluded between Russia and 
the United Slates, and signed at St. Peter* 
burg April l? 3, ItieM, A similar treaty 
*M atlbeequcnUy agieed n|itiii between Hu*, 
kiu and Great Britain, and signed ut St. Pe- 
tersburg February 28 -HI. IRfii. 

la liicac treat iii*. winch were practknllv 
identical with rcspt-Pi to question* of mar!- 
time Jiirwiictem. Kuosb made liberal cotj. 
CMstoo*. She agreed that in any port of tlie 
ocean " commonly called tlie Pacific Ocean, 
or South Sea." the subject* of the coll trad- 
ing power* should not lie dikltirtied " cither 
in navigation or in fishing, or in the power 
of rooming to the carnal*" for the pur|vo«- of 
"trading with the unlives." This ronceeskm 
won qualified by the ugm-menl that citizen* 
of tlie United Suites should not resort to any 
point where there was a Russian establish, 
merit without special perinlwlun, mid this 
condiltou was made reciprocal to tlw: on- 
tablishments of tlw United Slates on the 
Xoithwest coast The MHitbern tuMindnry 
of "'Russian pouactfaiinis on tbe Northwest 
count " was tixctl at 31- 4U‘ noitli latitude, aod 
it was reciprocally agreed thill slop* belong- 
ing to tlm subject* of the coiltrading power* 
abuitld be permitted In frequent for a jidi.*! 
of ten year* • • tlie interior s***. gulf*, harlair-. 
ami cricks U|sai tbe coiuil mentioned" for 
Hi* purpiMc of "• fishing ami trading with l be 
natives of tJir cwiiilty." Tbi* last reciprocal 

llgri -llll. -Ill>-\|>llc-:l 111 I |S|I I ? Ill il III 111 |KJ|. UUll 

Russia < Inclined to rem-w il 
In lMi) Gicat Brit a iu made a coiumerrinl 
Irmly with Russia, l«wd on the principle of 
a reciprocity of advantages. In this treaty a 
speriol KMTVatiun was made by Rms-iu of 
"the prtvilemi of the Ru-sian - American 
(omputiy. Tlw treaty of 1 kill, under wlikh 
Grvul Urilaiu still furtiM-r enlarged lierroin 
menial relation* with Russia, contained a 
similar proviahiti ua to tbe right* to lie en- 
joyed by thi» highly favored company. No- 
thing i» found in citlicr of thcee treaties 
which sheds light upon the question as to 


the geographical limits of Russia's claim to 
sovereignty in the water* of Behring Sen 
and the Pacific Horan. Then? were no fur- 
ther rirgnllations of momenl until the offer to 
purchase Alaska was made by Mr. S-wanl, 
then Secretary of State, which resulted in tlw 
trs-at y of cearion of Itdi already referred to. 

TUB CAI.'HK OK 1 lit: KKKSUKT COJtTttOVKRHY. 

Mr. Seward might well have ronemtululrd 
himself upon the piurbuM! of Alaska fur 
*7,200.000. Within a little mure titan tlitve 
year* after the CO txl union of the treaty uf 
cesrion, the United State* had onlomi into 
ail agreement with a responsible inctirpora- 
ted company, by virtue of which an anutuil 
incoriMi was secured to the government, 
amounting to five per centum on tbe pur 
chime price, in cunsideration of a practicid 
iiu Hi- qsily uf the fur-ical 11-beries of Behring 
Sea. Tlie operation* of thb* company. called 
tlie Alavli.-t t ’uinim-rciiil <>.ioi|xiiiv. weie con- 
fiiwsi to tlie bJnnd* of St. George and St. 
Paul, which Com|s»e the Prihyltiff group, 
and lie in Dchring Sen. abviit ninth latitude 
50° .W, and west longitude 1W J , distant from 
tlw main-land of Alaska about 830 mile*, 

llenry W. Elliott, a special agent of tlie 
SmltliMaUo liuultutloo, ami an achuow- 
I edged aulliority on the subject of the fur 
senh has adilcd "to tbe literature of the Beh- 
ring Sea eontroreray much im|vorlnnt infor- 
matioo coocernkug tlie habit* of the seal mid 
the nvi'uaurt* neerwsary to be taken to pre- 
vent the extennination of the specie* After 
a n ireful study nf tlw subject. Mr. Elliott is 
able to stale thnt the will "i* obliged to haul 
out annually upon tlw Pribyloff inlands for 
tlw purjKjM? of bredling and shedding il* 
pelngc. that from the time of Its departure 
from t bese islands in the autumn of every 
ytwr np to the time uf P* return to them in 
tlw following spring, it lands nowhere else; 
Hint It arrive'' cm mu-w upou these islands in 
Juiw and July, mill ilci«iris from ihum in 
(K-loher and November. Ilml when leaving 
the islands in the fall it beads directly for 
ami paws out from Behring Sen inli» the 
water* of the North Pacific Ocean: it- paths 
of travel are lice line* from the Pribyloff 
group to and through the numerous pnaaM 
of the Ah-iiiiiui Ar<-lii]K-liigo. and tlist it re- 
turn* from tbe lniwd water* of tlie North 
Pacific Hi cun by thi-o- same |«ib* of de- 
part ore 

Under tlw term* of the seal tWiefiea Icmc. 
entered into August 8, IK74). the Alaska t urn 
men ml Company was privileg'd to kill an- 
nually 73 OOO reals on the island »f St. P.ml, 
ami —j.tN.HJ on tlw island of t*t George. Tlie 
cxim|atiiy agreed to |aiy an animal rental of 
*.'s>.m»i fur the monopoly accorded il. and 
in addition a reveune lax of fr2 fi2 for each 
*kln taken, and -Vi ceuu for each gallon of 
seal oil mild. Ill addition, the company 
covenanted to supply a uetuln quantitv of 
fnud to the native* of tlw island*, am) to 
mniulaiu a school on eacli islund *l*lie com- 
pany viu forbidden to kill a feinah: seal, or 
any real lew thau him- year old. To secure 
an observance of three regulations. iIm- 
Treasury Department appointed two special 
agents. wlu> were reunited to live on tbe isl- 
and*. Co Tigress hail enuitrd. July 1. 11*7(1, 
law* extending the Jurtedlctiou of the Uniitst 
Slate* "to aud over all the main land, islands, 
attd waters of tlw territory res Its I to the 
United State* by tin- Emperor of Russia " 
< Revised Statu tor. lftVt rt mtj |, and further 
]>n>viding dial " no |i«-rw:n snail kill any ot- 
tei. iniitk, marten, sable, or fur seal, or other 
fur- bearing animal, within Uw limits 'if 
Alaska Territory or itt the waters thereof." 
Power wan granted "tlw collector aod riejs 
lily • isillectora uppoiolei) for Alaska Terri- 
tory. and any person authorized In writing 
by eillirr of iIm-ui or by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, , to arrest perzoos and seize v ea- 
sel* nuil lucreliandise liable to fine*, penultw*. 
or forlciiores under tbU anil the other law* 
extended over the Territory " 

The question as to whether the term " wa- 
ters Ibensif " oontainrd in these law* rm- 
braced a claim of more than ordinary mari- 
time juriMlU-tion diil nut arise for two year*. 
Then. in 1872, Collector Pbel|».of tile port of 
Sun K ran c»»co, repurlisl to tlw Si-re i ary of 
the Treasury tbe organization in Aiislrulia 
and (lie Hawaiian Islands of expeditions hav- 
tag for their object tbe rni't mi: of Mill* re- 
turning to the Pribyloff Island*, aud sug- 
ge*u-d that a revenue-cutter lx- dc*patcl>ed 
to Intercept the nmremders. To ibis letter 
S-crclary lioutwell, iiiulcr dale of April 111, 
1871, made tbi* signifieunl reply- 

" I do not *m- tli*t the United Stairs would 
have the jurisdiction or power to drive off 
parlies going up there for that purponn mi- 
le** they mode nueb attempt within a murine 
loigue of tlw slwro " 

Thu* il wiil be seen tint when tlw ques- 
tion wire fir-t rared after the treaty of oei 
siou. the marine Irwgiw sea-lKiuod wu* ml 
milted by Gin Seeretary of Hie Treasury of 
IIm- United Stale* to lie the limit of tlie mari- 
time jurlBdidioii of lid* government iu Beh- 
ring Sea. lint this pu-i.ilent wire not pci 
lull led to remain long niidialurbeil. In 1S81 
rvpoits again became current as to sealing 
expedition* into Behring Sea, and t oller-tor 
1> A D‘ Ancona requesicd of die Treasury 
Department an olficiHl inti-rpretaliou nf thr 
cxisilttg law*, In reply. Actio- Secretary 
Fre-ncli. uuder dale of March 12. IWtl, wrote 
as follows: 

"Presuming ymtr intpiiry to retain more 
tfipcnally to lire water* of western Alaska, 
you are informed that the treaty with Russia 
of March UU.1870 11W71J. by wlikb the ter- 


ritory of Alaska was ceded to the United 
States, define* tin- boundary of the territory 
no ceded . . All the waters "within that Isairi- 
riary to the weMcm end ol tbe Aleutku 

Arrhipelagri and chain of island* are con- 
siden-d a* coitl|>rlsed wltbiu tbe waters of 
Alaska Territory All the pcnzlttel jirc- 
scribed by Uw again*! the killhig of fur- 
Wuiing animals would therefore attach 
against any violulinn of taw within the lino 
its More doteribod.” 

Here, then, was an alllriiil promulgation 
of lire uvirv n'anmw theory pure and sim- 
ple. Secretary Maiming 'followed in tlie 
foot*te|w of Acting Secretary FlCOdl, and 
Mare-li il iswfl. transmitted to Collector 11a- 
vao, of the fNirl of San Fratwiseo. for Id* in 
formation. * copy of tbe letter previously 
addrc-SM-d to Cidleclor D'Ancona. Notwilh- 
standing Acting Scere-lary French * niling. 
no inatnictiona were given to United Slate* 
revenue cm her* to mptnre- alleged (Hiacliers 
until lwsn. though British Coltimbun scaler* 
were In lWCi repeatedly spoken by revenue- 
cutter* In Behring 8cw." 

Iu describing tlw method* employed by 
the pelagic scaler. Mr. Elliott mys: 

** Any where from three to a hundred mile* 
south of the seal islands iu Behring Sen, in 
that watery rood of tlie returning fur-seal 
million*, be bn* a -ale anil fine location flout 
which to shoot, to spear, and to net these 
fur (tearing umpbibian*. ami wlwrv be can 
work tin- most complete ruin in a very short 
time. Ill* power for destruction I* still fur- 
ther iitigini-uii'd by tlie fact that those seals 
which are mint liable to meet Ids eye and 
alot arc female fur seals, which, heavy wish 
vonng. arc here slowly nearing the hind, re 
fnctatil to hit'll out of the euol water until 
the day and boar arrives Him limits Hie pe- 
riod of their gestal ion . .Wiih gill nets. MO- 
dcvmn by a Heel of sealer* in Behring Sn 
arrow thro- converging path* of the fur *cnl, 
anywhere from three to a bundled mile* 
southerly from the seal islands, I am ex- 
tremely iiiiNJcvntf III saying Hint -uch a tkvt 
could nnd wouM utterly ruin the fur-seal 
rookeries of the Priby loll Island* in lew time 
l bun three nr four short seasons." 

Early in |k*« instructions were issued by 
the Treasury Itepariment to the commander 
of the United Stales revenue- cutler (knits, 
and acting m accordance with tliem, tl*c 
Brilisb - < •iStimlaan M-nling whi'oucr* On- 
Vi red. t'rrwV«-r. nnd TturruUm were telzcd at 
a dUliiurc of 113, 43. and Tit mile* re*peclive- 
ly from Hie island of Xi. George They wen: 
taken to *itkii ud tlw-n- foramlly otMimoaud 
and condemned <u he sold, oil tin: ground, a* 
declared iu the libel of infnraiuUou of the 
United State* District Attorney for Alaska, 
of In-mg " found engaged in killing fur seals 
within the limits of AU*k,i Territiry and in 
tlie waters lbere-of, in violaunu of Her lion 
10311 of (be Itevi*ed Statute* of the United 
Stale* 

A prompt protest against the seizure of 
these vewls was made In the IMIUir of In-r 
Majitstv's government by Sir I, S. Snckville- 
We*t. British minister in Washington, uuder 
date of rii-toM 21, infill. Secretary Bayard 
received tlii* retiMHiNlnume. iiml after a delay 
of Hire** mouth* Mr, Garland, Altorney-Oen- 
end of tin- United Stales, trlegrapbed to the 
United Blau* Judge and District Aitarory 
at Sitka, ordering them to " discontinue any 
further proceeding! in the matter of Hie seiz- 
ure of the British vessels Cunbfin, O/jintnl, 
aud nm-nloH. aud dircharge all vessel* now 
held under such seizure, arid release nil pet 
sons Hint may lx- under urrest iu connect kui 
therewith ." Months passed, however, mid 
the ttin-J i i-rsel* were nut releiivtd. Octo- 
her 12. 18H7, Mr Garland addressed a note to 
Mr. Bayard, slating that his ' ' telegram uf 
jNiiuary gfiih hod isi-n tbouglit to Is: not 
gr-uiiirie, and hod not lieeu acted upon." He 
bud repeated the older of discharge in js-r 
rmptnry language, and in due season the 
vessels were rekwied. In corntnuulcatiug to 
the British minister at Wnsliingtnn the older 
of tbe Atiurtiey-Geueml. tk-crelary Bayuril 
was careful to Mate Hint tlie artion taken was 
" w ltbuut conclusloti at tbi* time of any ques- 
tion! whii-li may lie found to be involved iu 
lbe?e cooes of « i/un-." I-urd Back vi lie re- 
ptwlodly endeavored to draw from Mr. Hay- 
anl uu assurance that tbe seizures would Ui 
discontinued, but the Kvi-rcUry steadily re- 
fasist to give any such guamnlee. To n note 
stating Hiat " ber Majesty ♦ government bod 
anninuri that, pending tlie conclusion of dis- 
cu whins Imwmi the two government* mi 
geticnd rpMwtimis inrolvnl, no further seiz- 
ures would be made by onb-r of tbe United 
M Ultra gnvcmirvi-iit, ” Mr, Bayard rcplwsl with 
some spirit, denying ever haring said any 
thing to Justify Midi up uMUtnplicin. Ihu sta't 
iug I list ' having nu n-HMiti to niitlcipiife any 
Other acizureo, nothing w u* snid in relation to 
Hm- possildlily of such mi occurrence." 

Had them own no other seizures, il ia more 
than probable that tbe coulroversy would 
have adjusted Itself without even iIm- fmm*|. 
ity of diplomatic negotiation. The instruc. 
lion* given lu tile Umled Mate* revenue cut 
ter* cruising in Behring Sen were nut modi- 
fied, however, and iu July and August of |ss7 
Hu- cutler /i'oA'Iiv/ /N*A enpcureii the ItriiiMi- 
t'-ituuilunii INbing *cli<nmets H . /’ 

//WpAsn, tiwfe, and ,|i.<mi It el, disinut fifty- 
nioe, forty, ninety wi. and sixty *ix mill * re. 
sDectively from Hotialosliw, and tbe ,l(r>«f 
•fifii nis, al n disbiuce uf sixty mile* from Ibe 
ntaresi Umi Again, under date of Octulx-r 
12. I.S»7. tbe British minister entered tbe pro- 
test of bur Majesty * government, nnd Mr. 
Bay aid replied merely with a formal ackouw- 


Icdgim-ut of Its receipt. After f .wilier eor- 
rvapotidenre. nnd an infurmui interview fie. 
iwtx-u the British mlikhf nnd Mr Bayard, 
nil Hiiwngeroent wna effected by which the 
owner* of tin- v rated* were given an opporl li- 
nk v to roll-use them oil appeal Ixinus. By 
failing lo avail tlu-msclve* of this privilege 
w'iihiu the required iim«, tlie decrees of con- 
demnatluii were declared subject to no fur- 
ther review, Upon tlie request of Lord Sark- 
vilir. the *a)c of tbe vvsm-Is whs postponed, 
however, and an offer made lo accept twiteU 
in IW-u nf them. Thomas llenry Cooper, a 
Britrdi subject, nnd Hmi owner of Hie /*. 
X-jgffurv/, lixik ndvanlngr of (bis c-onccarion. 
and Jllul an iijquyived bond. Tbe owner! of 
Hie other M'biMiners did not follow Mr, Coap- 
er'aexample, ami tlie Attorney General, by an 
order dated November 14, iwm, directed that 

the vessel* " be suld aa speedily as possible." 

Sfc.uirrUTlo.Vi FOB THE *KT rhKMEXT OK 

■nut pterin*. 

Tbe Seeretary of Slate evidently entertain- 
ed grave doubt* us to the ability of tlie United 
Stale* to maintain Hie protclidims to suver 
eignty set up liy the executive brar.rh nf the 
goveriiment. and to justify Hie seizure uf 
British v caret* beyond the marine league 
limit. Doubtless realising thnt nu interna- 
tional agreement would offer the *implrat 
method of adjusting Hie existing difficulties. 
Mr. Bayard, «n August 2, IfifiT. rent invita- 
tions to the governments of Great Britain, 
Germany. France. Russia. Ja]Nin, and Nor- 
way and Sweden, through the diplomatic 
represeulaUvr* nf tlie United Stales in tlmec 
counirira, to "enter ipto aurh un agreement 
with tbe government of the United Slates as 
will prevent the citizen* of nitlier country 
from killing -cals iu ik-hrlng Hen al sucb 
timra and places and by such inethod* a* at 
present are puruit-d. and which tlireuleu the 
speedy extermination of llioac animal*, and 
couM-qiM-ut M-riuii* lov» to mankind." In 
order (inti this step might not he taken as an 
McknowUslgitMTU of w rong doing on Hie port 
of tbe United Hlales. fkeretnry Bayard lliua 
d'-scrilsil the situation to tbe n-prelenUtirca 
of the l idled Mutes referred lu alxive: 

" Without raising any question as to tlw 
exceptional measures which the {wruliar 
character of tlw property in qiM-Mion migltt 
justify this government m taking, and with- 
out reference to any exceptional marine juris- 
diction that might properly lie claimed fur 
that end. il Is ■Itemed advtMble — and I am 
iimrurti-d by tlw President lo *o inform you 
—to attain the desired ends by interuatiuoal 
co-opemtiou." 

To tbU Invitation favorable replies were 
roci.-lvcd from Russia, Great Britain France, 
un<l Japan. Norway and Sweden endorsed 
the plan, hut while expressing a desire that 
"a mutually licncliriiil accord hr arrived at 
between tbe iotereetud Dowere," iu wbicb 
other power* iniglit in tlw future join, con- 
cluded ilml, hnvmg imi interest in teal fisher- 
ies. " then? was no need tu lake port in any 
treaty or arrangement." Go many vouch - 
Mfell no reply to Uic invitation. 

A* preliminary tu un internntbmal confer 
ettce <m tlie subject nf the priM-rvotinn of 
tlie fur wwl, Mr. liayatd suggested liie adop- 
tion of a douu time" Itetwccri April 13th and 
November 1st, aad between IflO or west lon- 
gitude and 1TI» ; of cast longitild-- la Ihfaiiug 
Sea. To thb Dropout ioo Lord Salisbury as- 
sealed Russia offered to extend the provi- 
sions uf tlw prospective irmly to tbe western 
. half of the Behring Seu. and* to include also 
Hit Su of nkhotsk. An amkuldc wttlp- 
nwnl of nil difficulties Hiiih appeared lo be at 
Imitd, wiien the Canadian g-ivcmnH-nt nd- 
ilreiMsI a nute lu l.urd Hulisbury, "Mating 
that a niemutandtun on the subject would 
shortly tie forwarded to London, and express- 
ing llic Inqic that [s liding Hir atriva) of that 
tiucuninit imi furl In ■- sle|is would hr taken 
lu the matter by lu-t Majesty a government." 
Ni'CorintiiMt* were thus biuuglil to a stand- 
still. 

Tlie summer of IHfiH passed without not«. 
wtirth) incidetit : Inti iu tbe followinir winter, 
tbe alli-nlhui nf Congress having been drawn 
to tlw necessity of providing legislation for 
llic preservation uf the fur seal ol ADska. an 
act was passed, approved Mutch 2. 1888, af- 
firming the statutes already iu force, and 
dirertiug the Presidnit to issue an annual 
p roc tarnation io accordance with tboir pro- 
visions In compliance with tbi* act. Presi- 
dent HurrUun Issued a proclamation warn- 
ing "nil prrsons against entering tlie water* 
of Behring Sea wllldii tlw domTitiun uf tljo 
United Stall's 1 Tbi* reference to the juris- 
dietHMinl clnim uf the United State* 10 muri- 
um- sovereignty iu Hein ing S-i is no: sum. 
riitiriy exp h it lo abed auy additlouul liglu 
on tlw subjttcl. 

Tlie summer uf wilnetued the inau- 
gural l»u of a " vigorous pulk-y " iu relatiuu to 
tllr Kchnug Hen controversy. Tbe President, 
ill compliance with the uct of March 2, IHHiU. 
issued a priM'lainiitiun, him! instructions weru 
given by the Secrclarv of the Tmaury In tin? 
cuminandi-fti of United State! luvcnuc-cut- 
ter* cniisitig in liehring Hew lo seize all 
poachers am! either take them >u to Sltkn o» 
prizes, nr dismantle the vessel and eoafismic 
tiny skins runnel mi Imurel. Armed with Hic-mu 
• inter*, ('nimtin Mu-isuil.uf tin- n-venue cuttcr 
/tie A'i'd II rc>A. Iin July II, 1NV0, OVelbnulcsl 
the Britisli ■ Cplumbiun ocaliug schonuera 
H'tirt, Doi ifi-'-i'/ and Triumph. Finding uo 
cvirlmce on hnwii| tin- Utti-r vessel that site 
bud laken any seal*. Uaptnin Hhefaird con- 
tented himself with warutug her mawlor 
ugaiiui iuf ringing the term* uf the Piesidcu t’ 8 



MARCH 7, 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


175 


proclamation. The Work Diamond. when 
seized. wu thirty-live miles from land. ami 
had on bouil 131 MUhaklM. part of which 
were uimilled. < a plain Sbetmrd Criltfif<Caled 
the nailed skins. 7« to number, anil placed 

John llnnkanann. quarter. ouster of Hit- WuV- 

on Is wnl the seized t 1 us nrizc ernw, with 
iMTUCtkma to take her to Sitka. As Boon ns 
the JfvsA wan out of right, however, the mu* 
ter of the Ph irk Diam&nA resumed cuiumauil 
of the runnel, and look Iter. by way of Ooua- 
lack*. to Victoria, where llonkatuou wu* put 
ashore in a small boat. 

Them seizure* brought ungTy rrmtw- 
*t nut era from her Majesty's government. 
Mr. Ed warden. First Secretary of tlto British 
legation at Washington, wrote from Bar 
Harhor to Mr. Blaine, then Secretary of 
State, under date of August *24. 1HM9, pro 
texting against Captain Shepards action, 
aud stating that, “in continuation of my in 
structions. 1 have the honor to remind you 
that her Majesty's government received vrnr 
clear assurances last year from Mr, Bayuul. 
at that time Secretary of State, that pending 
the discussion of the general questluiis at is. 
sue no further interference nboul.l Hike place 
with British vessels in Behring Sen." Mr. 
F.dw imles lidded that "Sir Julian Paunce- 
foie, her Majesty's minister, will lie pre- 
pared. on lit* return to Washington in the 
nutmun, to discuss the whole question, nod 
ber Mujretv's government wished to point 
out to the Veiled Slates government that a 
settlement cannot hut lie biiMlered by any 
mnuuro of force widt h may he nenovtad to 
by the'l'nlled Status." Mr Blaine. n ho waa 
then at Bar Harbor, replied under even dale, 
admitting that Seizure* had been made, hut 
drcluretl it to lie the earnest desire of the 
President to arrive at such an adjustment "ua 
shall remove all possible ground of misun 
demanding with lier Majesty's government 
concerning the existing trouble* ill Behring 
Sea." Mr. Hliuiie gave It as the opinion of 
the President that nil point* at issue were 
capable of adjustment on a l*iri» eutircly 
honorable to Isatli government*. 

Upon the return of Sir Julian Pauncefnte 
to Washington the subject of the eonlio 
ver*v was taken up fur discussion In formal 
diplomatic note*. It wax early In ibis di* 
cusaion thut Mr. Blaine outlined hit )m>bI 
lion, retting up the contention that raise I* 
engaged in illicit sealing were following a 
pursuit In itself roohvi &*>.«• imovs — • pur- 
suit involving u serious anil permanent in 
Jury to tbn rights of the government and 
the' neople of the United Stules. Nowhere 
in Mr. Blaine* notes and despatch.-* can be 
found the statement of the pretension that 
Behring Sea Is tmire ehtutvm, hut the Secre- 
tary Iras been ul infinite pains to refute lire 
logic of Lord Salisbury, who has claimed 
Urn i under no circumstances could lire cloned 
sea iheorv be applied to lid* great arm of 
the North Pacific Oman. In tliis effort 
Mr. Blaine's controversial predilection has 
spurred him to cndlcs*. mcuicb amt much 
ingenuity of argument It cannot be said, 
however, that be has gnineil any mateiul 
advantage by an attempt, however Muxaneful, 
to establish {lie wnahlltty of n poritftm which 
he declares he does not propose to Occupy. 

A careful examination of section l of tire 
edict of 1*21. a* quoted by laird Salisbury 
and .Mr. Blaine, develops a remarkable dis- 
crepancy in the two versions, to which it I* 
believed intention has tun httlrerto Iwea 
called Following i* tire text of die section 
a* quoted by Lord Salisbury : 

"Tb» wniu iifoaMiu, >■ tiling, Hid Arirtag. 
soil o< all saber ladn-to. «. all l.lun.l.. pat., xu.i 
gulf*, inciudiiig III* )*V>Ir - < the rmrtti»rM .mm ..f 
jsaMlIC*. beglliuuig »"*■* Briirla* Slmll l» ilia Slut 
Itagfa* Ilf II. rl lion lafliinln: *U» /Mm the tkiul.ni 
lx.au.1a I* (he ealiani i>w*« ..f S.h». Ih, a* Wall »» iilnng 
the K.nlr ■•lainU f.uui Urlirlug Snail U» ih* s-nili 
rape ..f the bland of Cr* t ., »!«.. t>* « Uf i-rib«n. 
l»ljl«d»,"ro aaclmively grantnt to Itnwian trttyffte “ 


The British Premier ie evidently satisfied 
that tills version indicates a claim oil tile part 
of Ruwiaof mure detatHM as applied to Bob- 
ring Sea. Against lliixciaim. he declare*, the 
United Stall* in 1822 proleried. This cun- 
xtruction U borne out in wmc measure by 
tiie term* of the second clause of this section. 
"From the Aleutlsn Island* to the eastern 
const of Siberia " i* a wide expanse of ocean— 
may, in fact be cottairued to mean tlw entire 
area of Belli tnc Sea Mr Blaine, however, 
quote* the edict us follow*: 


"Tba imuanctloa of oo 

whnli'.g nlid ft-hti./. nr any .rtl.w tirtlu.lt> ul 
l*l.ndr, in the liaftnirs anil Inlet*, sod, in **n*r, 
aJ.stx (he nnrth«re*l«ni r.n>t uf Aawrirs ft.iin Bri 
Sloilr l« IX* iflj Itrsi "f annkeni 1*11 

aad IlkaxlM- ■- IV» AlmUaa l*l«nil» mnl at-i.ii 
•Micro ow.1 ..f S Wrl*. a*d on tin- Kurds 1.1. 


t.iry.krix* t*Uud irff'ne.^ vlx . its for routhar XitliiHte 
f.irij-lTf Imia w ind lir.T wlnntHi anath, m« «-».-lp- 
alvdj nxsnxl la aalt|oels of the KusxXss Kinii.ie.” 


“On the Aleutian Islands and along the 
caxlcrn cnaM of Siberia " simply dsaeriliex 
tfie territory which, according to section 2 «<f 
the edict, it is proposed to protect by skirting 
it wuh a inartttmr rtuevvatMia 100 miles w ide. 
Tin- question naturally arises a* to whether 
Lord Snlintiury or Mr ' Blaine ltaa quoted the 
edict correctly- The ukase was, of course, 
fronted in the Ruwtnn language. An ex- 
aminallon of the archive* in the Slate Ih'- 
pMrtmeiit dixelco*rs the fact I tint iIm- Buxxian 
ncDutc or Council Authorized the printing of 
ao Enirlidi tmnslatioii which In-xes the Sen- 
ate's imprint, and which waa transmitted by 
the Russian Government to Great Britain and 
the United Slate*. The text of the Irutisla 
lino lx identical with the version quoted by 


Lord Salisbury A eotn pit i<nm of chi* text 
with the original Riixxi.in tare Teknwnef* 
Hitter/ of Ihr Kvuti-Mi-AmrrintH CfemjMajf) 
shows that the authoruted tiwnslution U *» 
free ax U* lie grossly inaccurate, while the 
version employes! by Mr. Blaine I* literally 
exact. The HunaUn prepnaitiun }*> is Irons- 
luted in tlw authorized version ax having 
in one place the foixw of "from" ami in 
another that of "to," a significance unwar- 
ranted by the proper use of the word. Mr. 
Blaine tranxlntes tue preposition correctly as 
meaning '■ ua " and ' ' along " Of enune tlio 
lunguagn of the original enactment furnishes 
the only reliable basis for this contention. 

It will In- seen that the version given by 
Mr. Biiiiu.c is strictly in keeping with the 
Secretary's latret slatemcnt of tla. rl»im he 
cod. ciw* Buxria to liave itmde to extraurdi. 
nary JuriMlIciluu in Behring Sen. With re- 
gard to this edict, as modified hr the treaties 
of lt«4 and 1885. Mr. Blaine ia A note to Sir 
Julian 1‘uunecfotr, under date uf June HO. 
lew. said: 

"IKh ihu L’ultel Aia<«* and (irost Britain recog. 
utovt Ik rrepfcirsS xnil utwireil il. Il did uot, iu m 
n.nl.r sneicreil. dcrlion Ihr Hearing Sen to tie mere 
It dill declsre llisl .to wilrr. to I lie curst 
of 10 * inito* fr.su the stinies w«.e .erected 6c the sub- 
jects uf tl.e K'wrlsn Besplu. . Of omire ms.ij koo. 
ilrwi iiilhrr snr. sed sol sud mirth Slid *.u'h 'H're 
tbn* llHt-. no* stir left hj lUrrtx fur ike wbstf flrd-rv. 
suit I r a*blsg niieu nm! fire tu Ike am lit, uf "ti cli 
■illiet imiwsii Hr..* large vlmntitge-' 

Relying, however, almost solely upon the 
claim that to take seals in Behring Sea under 
*tich conditions ua tend toward the extermina- 
tion of the specie* is raitlra Awns inner*. Mr. 
Blaine declared In his note to Sir Julian 
Paiineefiilr. dated January 22. ttW. that ■ to 
estahliili this ground it is not ncct'aiary to 
argue the q motion of the extent and nature 
of the sovereignty of this government over 
tl»e w aters of tlto Behring Sea . it is not necea- 
»ury to explaiu. crrtainly lint to define, the 
powers and privileges coded by his Imperial 
Majesty the Em peru r of Russia, in the treaty 
by which the Alaskan territory wax Iran", 
fcrrvd to die United Slab*." It tsonly uece*. 
■ary, lie contends, to show that the vahinlde 
seal tisiicries were fur many years enjoyod 
by Russia nui] the Lulled Stairs without in 
ti rruptUm or intrusion from any source, and 
Dial the taking of ovals 111 the open sea. aa 
now practised by the so-cnllcd pnaebers. will 
rapidly Inul to llieir extinction. The L'nilod 
Suites should be permitted, Mr Bluinr argare, 
to esUbluJi a w-a liouml which will effet really 
prevent the capture of live *enls on Ibelr w*y 
to the hrerding ground* on the PribyloB 
Island*. 

The British government riuule no immedi- 
ate reply to Ibis argument of Mr. Btniue's. 
hut under date of February 23, tiflMt. Sir 
Julian Fiiuacefote sigtiilUsI the w illiiigoeas 
of I/ird Salisbury to resume the negotiations 
looking to the rstuldivUnivlit of a clooe time 
for the »enl Hsiicri** whuh were begun in 
I/aadun iu hut " suxpctidesl for various 

cauac*. " A* a result of this suggestion, sev- 
eral conferences were held between Sir Julian 
Paunccfote. Baron dc Struve— the Russian 
minister to the United Biatcn — *twl Mr. 
Blaine, but no cottchiskios were nracbod. 

In live latter part of April the British miu 
islet submitted to Mr, BlulM the draught of 
a preliminary convention providing for the 
appataUueul'of a mixed oumm'oxioB to adjust 
the questions in dispute. He further sog- 
grsted that provlshuutl regulations he at once 
adopted ill pmhildtiug pelagic sealing in 
Behring Sea, the So» of MkliOtsk, amt the ad 
joining water* during the mouths of May 
and June, and October, November, and lie 
comber, the migration periods of the seal; 
and (3) prohibiting nil wnling vessels from 
aporuttchiug tlni breeding islands within a 
radius of U'O miles. Tliene priqxisitiimsiverc 
rvj'-di’l by Mr. Blaine, who aiatvd in n note 
to 8lr Julian Pauncefnte. dnterl May 2B, l.tOO, 
that to permit pelagic sealing during the 
months »f July. August, and depu-inlicr 
would defeat the object of til* close season, 
as In those mouths the areas around the 
breeding islands were " moat crowded with 
seals, anil specially C ro wde d with female 
seal* “ going forth to secure food for Ibeir 
young. The len-nille limit, Mr Blaine con- 
icndmi, would not keep sealing vessels at a 
proper distance from the Island*. 

Mr. Blaine's onUm far* an won* argunirnt 
was examined at some length In a despatch 
Train Lord Salisbury to Sir Julian Psm.«- 
• for*, dated May 22. IWW. The BrilUh Pre- 
mier declared Unit pelagic seallDg outside llw 
marine league limit could not I*, regarded ax 
noifru Ah out nwovs " unless nod until, for 
special reason*, it lio* ler-n agreed by inter- 
national iirmiigt'oicnl to fortihlil. Fur seals.'' 
be cuilliniird. " are indisputably animals 
fenr nature*, and lliesc have univereally |*eli 
re-gui.led by Jurists a* rt* uuUiiu unlil they 
lire caught; no person, therefore, can have 
property lit them until he ha* actually re- 
due' ll them into p n w cwfam by cn|iture." 

Kurly in May, 1WN1. lliete appeared in tlie 
newspaper* a •mtement to tlic effect that 
orders hail been issued to the commander* of 
l oiled State* revenue cruiser* to procmd to 
Rrbrlng Sea. mill there seize any and all 
vessel* engaged iii pelagic Muling. The 
British minMer secured n routinuntiui. of 
these rejior:* from Mr. Blaine, nod titwler 
date of May 22*1 *ddro«acd a note to the Sec- 
retary, skying that a formal protest would be 
ftrrw'.ndrei bv her Majesty's gnvernm.fit 
without delay. Tlii* protest was received 
June 14. l«ki" Tie. text of the closing para- 
graph was iu follows: 


"Her ftrlUT.nl. Mkr*rv> enroromrr.l sre ilieivfnn' 

mosl ..I llir r.illnl Skills III teli>-<r .hr i.rl» rt In 'n- 
rerex* wire Brlroli vieorl* artvlgstliig «.co*S- .lie 
u.irlu.ml water* -rt Un I’liilut rinl.-., ..( nl.leli U«y 
Iists prvriamty tier n. romptiSs. 'fk*- ..ulenrtzi.Ml » 

III iMIrarU'l losmall} Iu |i vKsklut 

sntk tnr»rttr>arte. u.l <l.cl»r* lltU ►••( ftslssemlr 
tins I'l'.ttnt State* r**v**.» 1 l.lr (.* Ike r..i**r|ri. 
tkal Billy unsuc fr..m scls ntilr.li sro onlrat) U 
eiUtsmbni }'rhict|ili« el inter. . stl- a.il tsw." 


Tire receipt of this nroteot from the British 
government marks too nn»l critical point 
reachnl tu IbUcunirnverKy. It is impowsible 
to say whnt conM-qin-n. vs might have follow 
eel had nut the Pri-xiilenl promptly ilexjHilch- 
ed mcxiitlrd instructions to Ihr <-<itiiu. under*, 
of the L'uiled Matts reveuiM'-ciilteni by the 
hand «.f A C. Matthews. First Comptroller of 
the Treasury. Under these amended instruc- 
tion* tli* cnilwre were merely authorized t<> 
speak sealing vessels, and serve them with 
copies of the President'* proclamation, warn 
ing them ugainsl taking »-al.» " in the waters 
of Behring S-.4 within ibe dominion of the 
United Slates." This iictiou restored the 
question to Its previous diplotmitic slatus, 
and negotiation* were rcsanwsl 

Mr. Blaine hud closed his note of Mnv 29 
1890. with a prupoxhiou from the President 
that "her .Majesty's government agree not 
to permit tbo »cx*el* to enter lire Behring 
Ken for this season, in order that time mnv 
be becured for iregotiatuin. " The Bricisji 
minister, replying under date of June 37lh. 
declared that such action could Lie tskrn only 
under certain conditions, which he proceed- 
ed to specify. They were: il l that the two 
governments agree forthwith In refer to arbi- 
tration the (presiinn nf the legality of the 
seizures made in Bellring Sea: >2/ that pend 
ing the award, all Interference with British 
scaling vesar l* cease, (It) that the Unhid 
State*, if the award is- adverse to them, com 
pemale BrilUh subjects fur the lnssc* tlwy 
may sustain by renaoti of tbelr compliance 
w ith lire Prrsulent's proclamation Mr. Blaine 
declined to accent these extraordinary condi- 
tion*. and stated, in a comtnunicatloD to tire 
British minixUr d-ibsl July 2. IHUO. "the 
Ibresidcnt cannot think that Lord Kulisbury's 
propoxirinn is responsive to iiis suggoii.ui . 
htuwloa. the answer comes rotate that It would 
be impussible now to proceed thb season with 
the negotiation." 

Nothing mure of importance tranxoired 
during the summer of 1890. Lord Salisbury, 
under date of August 3. 1890. transmitted io 
Sir Julian Puuucefole u despalcit coataiulng 
an eblmrnU) diacuarion of the rlntnis of Bus 
sin under the ukase of lreii Tlie conclusions 
arrived tu by the British Premier are: <1 > 
that England refused to lulmii any pari of 
tire R. ishi.tn claim to a innriliine juriwlietion 
ami exclusive right of Ashing throughout tire 
whole extern of that claim, from Behring 
Slmll to the fifty lirsl j.nri.llel ; <2i that the 
cioivcotion of 182.1 was regarded on Is.lh 
side* il* a renunciation on the part of Rus- 
sia of that claim In its entirety; ami (3) 
that though Behring Strait wn* Viiiowu ami 
spcciRcally provided for, Behring Sea was 
not known tiy that name, hut wax regnrtlcd 
as part of the Pacific Ocetui. Mr. Bhiir.es 
reply to this argument of Lord Salisbury's 
was not completed until Uecemlcr 17 1890, 
and is lire Inst or tbr official correspondence 
it* yet made public. With much skill and 
characteristic ingenuity, tire Secretary fol 
lows hie oppotrent sargumenL In refutarion 
of the statement that " Behring Sea was not 
known by that name, but was regarded ax 
part of the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Blaine fur 
iiishes a list of 10.1 m>|M published prior to 
1888. "on every one of which the body of 
wider now known ns Behring Sn» was plain- 
ly distinguished by a ttunre arpunite from the 
Pacific Ocvan." These maps a re lettered Iu 
nearly every modem tongue, and (Ire Inls.r 
required to gtulrer them must have been 

* nurruou*. The Secretary also clulHiruUd 
tit* contention previously made that Rtmin 
had only claimed an extrnorvlinnry rtra-boitmi 
of Ilk) Italian milts along the const of her 
dominions, and argued at length iu support 

• •f tire Statement that the protest made by- 
Mr Adams was not against Russia'a claim in 
J.irrirUctlon along the shores of Bellring Sea. 
Imt referred exclusively to an extaMMM of 
that claim dow n the Northwest coast to lati- 
tude 51®, As Irenring . i ; » - . i theta |H>|]its, 
Mr. Blaine submillrd some entirely new data, 
quoting from Mini oflklitl correrprmdcnce lie- 
tween Mr. Adatns.ilren Kecretary of Kiate.and 
Baron Tuyl, tlie Ruwlaa miuinier hi Washing- 
ton, These cxtrnel* indicate that lire Ru*xiun 
American Company, fearing its monopoly 
would hi; menaced by tire provisions of the 
Rumo American Convention of 1 K34. endea- 
vored to secure an acceptance on tire purl of 
the United States govrnmrenl of an inter- 
pret .ntun of the treaty which should reserve 
from the ciiurcKsions made tben-tn " the Aleu- 
tian Uland*. tin' coasts of Kiltcrm and the 
Russian pc.*m-«-inns in grnrial rut lire north- 
went i-xiaxt of America to M° 30 north lati- 
tude " This int*rpretati(Hi wax >s.ughl to be 
offered officially by Banin Tuyl, but it is dif 
flrult to w* what B.ipport that fart furnislies 
to Mr. liUir.c n emilrntinn, when it I* conxld- 
crod H»at Mr. Adam* declined to receive it. 
slating that "a modification of file conven- 
tion could Ih. made tvo otherwise Ilian by a 
new convention," nnd adding thnt " our nter 
chant* would not gri to irmihlr tbp litisriuna 
on tb* coast nf Sil*ri*. , , and II wax wi«csi 
not to put such funries into their heads." 

This last despatch of Mr. Blaine's is also 
re ID .likable as containing tire clearest and 


inwl definite repodialion of the more riVtusum 
llieorv a* iipplred to Behring Sea on la-half 
of the Uoitcd States that ram h* found in the 
literature of III* controversy. On litis point 
Mr Blaine says: 

' The repeated awertioos that the govern- 
ment of the l. nited Slate** demands (hat the 
Belli ing Sea t»- pronounced marr flautum are 
without foundation. The government has 
never claimed It. and never desired It. It 
csjmwsly disavows it.“ 

The Secretary (..r.teii.U, however, tbut the 
United Stnleit dura not lack atrendant author- 
ity. According to the nldest expoactits of in- 
temarional law. • for holding a small section 
of tire Behring Sra for the protection of the 
fur reals. " Adopting tire fi. -quiM/ve argtt 
■urut, lw cilus ns proccdcuta the rxtnsnnlina- 
ry jurisdiction moinuined for eight h-ngtiea 
around the island of St Helena during lire 
confinement upon it of Napoleon Bonaparte, 
nnd the fact that t<> protect tire pearl fisheries 
of Ceylon in the Indian Ocean control over 
an area nf tire bid. »*«a 800 milett wide is 
authorized hv Auttraliau law. her Majcv 
ty's govern merit pcrtnltling. Tire President, 
rays Mr BUtne, will ask the government of 
G rest Britain to agree to lire distune* of 20 
league- "within which on ship shall hover 
around the ixluuds of til. Paid uud St. George 
from the Mth of May to lire 13th of October 
of cadi year.” 

Two wrongs do not make a right. Mr. 
Blaine cither purjiciu-ly nr inadvertently over- 
look* the fact that although Great Britain 
reguUl.-s and controls the loyh.n pearl hsli- 
erica, she boa urvtr in terms excluded other 
miiions; nor lio* England's monopoly ever 
been uc know led ged. The ta-xt authorities 
agree that siioui.l tire subject* of otlrer pnw 
era attempt to seek peurh in the ('ey Ion flsh- 
crietL tire argumeat of long acv|tileM«nce in 
Great Britain's exclusive pt ane s s lou would 
Ihivu very llille weight In support of a claim 
of nlwohilr Jtirisdirtion A* to the cxlroor- 
dinaiy maritime jurtsdk-lUin claimed through- 
out nil eight- Iragire cone surrounding St. Hel- 
ena. Il mn*t Ic iidluil li*l that Kuglati. I acquired 
no rights by viruu- of the assumption of an 
authority which no |tower look occasion to 
question The ablest writer* on internal lot.al 
l.iw coincide ill tire opinion that no one of 
"Ills .Majesty's courtx of record nt Weatmin 
strr " would have condemned a vessel lielnag- 
itig to the subject of « friendly nut loo seized 
for " hovering within eight leagues of tlie 
const of Kt. JleleaiL" 

In closing this despatch Mr. Blaine ex- 

F ilains the consideration llml baa moved the 
'resident in declining to stihmlt the ques- 
tion* in dispute to arbitration upon the 
points suggested by Lord Salbhury and the 
Htttixh minister, anil drclnres thut " nothing 
of import Slice would Ire settled try proving 
Unit Omt Britain conceded ini jurMjfcl too to 
ltuxiLi over the m-al flsl.crin of the Behring 
Kea." Russia, Ire contends, asked acquhs. 
ccnre, not coneeMion, and this Great Britain 
gave. Ii would mean sonrething tangible, he 
thinks, if Great Britain would consent to nr- 
Ml rate the "renl qvrtfiut**" ta issue. Tbewe 
questions he conceives to lie: (1) What ex- 
elusive jurisdiction in Behriug Sen did Rus- 
sia assert and exercise previous to the nation 
of Alaska? t2l How far were these claims 
n-cngi.i/rd and conceded hr Great Britain? 
(8> Wns Behring Sea iucluaed in the phrare 
"Pacific Ocean, " ns used in tire treaty of 
1885; nnd what rich!*, If any. were conceded 
to Great Britain by Hut treaty? (4i Did net 
all the rights of Butrin iu Behring Kraraat of 
tire water bumidary pasx uninipuiled to the 
United Staten by the t ready of 1887? .5) What 
arc now tbr light* of tin; lulled Slate* as 
ta (lie fur-seal fisheries in tbr waters of the 
Behring Sen outside .if the ordinary territo- 
rial limits, and do those rights grow out of 
lire ceetkm by Rureht of any especial right* 
or jurisdictiou held by Iter, or out of throw it- 
ersltlp of the Blands nnd tire Imhiu of tire 
senls in resorting thillier? rtt) If the determi- 
nation of the foregolug questions shall leave 
tire subject in such poritton that the coocur 
rettee uf Great llriUtiu i* tt ece iaary iu pre- 
scribing nrgubilions for the killing of seals, 
then the tenor of such regulation* shall be 
iMeiniiued. If Great Britain U willing to 
submit tins* questions in arbilnitioD. Mr. 
Blaine ihvlarcs the covcrniueot of 'he t'otlod 
State* will gladly aecede to tire propoxliiou. 

To this (Kiint diploma. ) ho* brought lire 
cootrovcray. The recent appeal of the own 
ex of the seized sealing schooner Siyitvtrt to 
tire Supreme Court of the United Slates for 
a writ uf prohibition to be issued to the dtx 
trlct court -uf Alaska lo annul lire admiralty 
procerilingt in tlut court in the matter of the 
cTjodeniliiitii.il of the Vessel, though enun- 
tn.iii.iT'l by the government of Great Biit- 
tiin. does not affect lire nolilical asjwt-t of the 
main question The Supreme Court lia* »r 
ceptnl juriwlu-lhm of tlie npjreul, and lire du- 
ri*inii. If fnvomble to tlie petitioner, mnv 
temi lo simplify thr isMiea involved ; but iii 
any case the dispute must continue to In- tbo 
sulijeet of diplomatic negotiation* between 
the Executive Department of the United 
8iAlM and lire British Foreign Office. Mr, 
HlatW! has undeniably made tire Ur-t • »f a 
cam- riiiM too riroiiL'. and while Lord Salis- 
bury has maintained tire contc-ntjon* of Groat 
Britain with emit vigor, ibr-rn can Ire lit 
tie doubt that the m lightened xpnit which 
aniinates Kr. gland iu ilealiog with friendly' 
power* will dictate ItonorabJn terms, under 
which the points at issue may be reconciled 
hcfiir* that supreme forum of civilized ns- 
liutu. the Court of ArbilratkiU. 

WlLUXM Livixostos Caocxsb. 



176 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., SO. . 



laundries probably found ii convenient to 
wash from tlielr window* with the city as u 
lull, oral! lire water liny needed urn* brought 
to their doors without expense. All menus 
of transportation were devised for tire time, 
nml •kins mimJ street ears were brought into 
fierce rivalry, while a strong • limbed chap, 
who did not object to wailing, acted the jnirt 
of SI. Christopher, and carried i-iuaweiiijer* on 
hi* shoulders, and once.it is relt Urd. dropped 
bis passenger The homes of tl Je poor in the 
lower part of the city were nearly all Wooded 
«« fit* first Woor. driving the occupant* to 
the floor ubove. Warehouses also aUoitied 
a large amoiiDl of water, and in litany in- 
stances where them was no damage by the 
Hood, a low was earned by the stagnation of 
business. Machinery Buffered particularly, 
»* dnt water*, in receding, left a sandy <U- 
posll. It is estimated that llw Ionh-s will cx- 
e*c<l a million dollars in Pittsburgh alone. 
There have been but three previous floods 
known exceeding the one of this year, the 
last having occurred in IKK4. when tlio water 
was some inclie* higher than the high water 
mark of February 19th. At .Sharnsburg. how- 
ever. the Hood of ll®q was outdone, nml III* 
hours luive hecu verr great to till town* on 
the lowlands along tfie -l reams, many of this 
will' it. rim. repeating the dttcomfurts exireri 
rncssl by them ufler the Jobmrtow n fiixxl. 

The mmoiy of that great disaster will 
for many years make the annuvatxe* of (lie 
evil* of riving tides appear small nml in- 
significant Hut this (Wt-M-tit Him m ling of « 
great city is of Interest, iievertbujcs*. as tile 
sudden transformation of PltUibiirgli street* 
inli> the wnt> rwnys of Venire must lie. The 
spectacle of ltoree ears lit the place of gon- 
dolas. ami bouts fli luting over the tracts w here 
fire engine* hurry, has afforded thou- citizens 
of I'lttvlnirgh who possess u sense of humor 
much to entertain liH-ni. 


PROFESSOR ALEXANDER WINCHKLL. 

We wio> exist in that imperceptible droplet in the bound- 
less nrenn of eternity which, with :t repudiation of immea- 
surable ages past that might lie grand were it not hi ludi 
crons, we call the nineteenth ceuturv. arc accustomed to re- 
card ourselves a* marvellously advanced in civilization. 
We think, in short, more often than we hbv, that wc are. on 
the whole, very fine fellows indeed, and vastly superior to 
all who came Iwfore us; which, as they are no longer in a 
position to speak for themselves, is irrefutable If uncoil 
vincing. Certainty in all the mental and material advan- 
tage* that arscace cult supply us with we have, os far os we 
kuow, attained u point of which oor ancestor* never even 
drewmeil yet are there many evidences of earlier barbarisms 
to which we foudly cling. A conspicuous relic of this an- 
cient savagery is "seen in the distribution of popular njs 
pmvitl nmi rewards When our remote ancestor* first drew 
togetlter for mutual protection. the bravest warrior* natural- 
ly receivid the liiglir-t up|irolmlion, since tireir prowess most 
riwdiiccd to lire scrure maintenance uud growing impor 
lance- of the Widely Science and learning, to which we now 
owe every bene fit’ that distinguishes us from our predeee* 
sore, had no existence, and even wlren Ut«y duwtred. remain- 
ed for long of secondary importance. Today the case's are 
alwolutelv reversed. It is on tcienm that wc depend for 
safely of life and health and increase of wealth and power. 
The soldier, neeewmry uud laudable as is his calling, ha* 
sunk into the lower rank of usrfuluess, yet still lie receives 
almost alone the honors and distinction* bestowed by his 
fellow-nun : while the sciimtist, patiently nml assiduously 
pursuing Ids lulHire for lire general good, is we llnigh Ignored 
hy tliosc whose place it is to rrsxmipensc courage uua devo- 
tion Here In America, ostensibly at least wc contemn surh 
empty ilttrrimiiialion* tret worn iiiun anil mutt; but tile neg- 
lect anil Ingratitude, though less recognizable, prevail a* 
certainly n« ill Europe, whete no sovereign has yet possessed 
sufficient enlightenment to create a decoration which shall 
mark out Hum* who in this respect have deserved well of 
their country. In England fume few have been singled out 
for a knighthood, which they share with provincial Mayors 
and pro«|» rous tradesmen : mid here the fortunate hsve been 
awarded lire title of I’rofcsaor, which is t*iuallv assumed hy 
conjurer* ami rhirupudlst*. Men do not trouble themselves, 
In fuel, to think how greatly they gain hy scientific works, 
or under what straits and hurdshi|M thaw works are often 
carried on. How many men, for example, who have direct 
ly profited hy it have ever realized tire incalculable saving of 
limi' and money that tire government geological survey has 
effected for them, or have ever giveu even a pawing thought 
to tho«c who. In the face of perils and privations not to lie 
easily overrated, conducted It to a Micwsful l*f.ii«T 

Ul such was Alexander Winclrell, whose death, at the ngr 
of sixty seven, was reported on February lVih from Ann 
Arbor. "Michigan, where ho has occupied, with distinetion 
among his fellow sivauU. the chair of Geology. Zoology, 
and lfot any since IMS. For four year*— from 1KM) to 1961, 
and from lhOS to 1971— hegnvc his best energies to Ibu sur 


vey nf his adnpud State: for though be was born In the 
Stale of New York. received hi* eduiwlion nl the Wesleyan 
foliage. Middletown. Connecticut, and ‘pent lit* earlier life 
in teaching natural science in various districts, lie first found 
ndrijiiate recognition when, in 1*34. ho w*» called to the 
Professorship of ITtysica and Engineering in the University 
of Michigan. which hr exchanged tire following year for 
Hint which he held till the time of his denUi. with one in- 
termission of mx years. During tlrere he was at the Uni- 
versity of Syracuse, first a* Chancellor, ami afterward os 
Professor of Geology, uniting Hit* office in 1975 with a simi- 
lar one nl the Vanderbilt University. From this Ire was 
driven in 1978 by something greatly resembling a religious 
persecution, insltluud against him by the triutrr* on ac- 
count of his avowed adlrerenoti to the llicory of evolution 
propounded by Darwin and Wallace, from which nn scien- 
tific man of any eminence dlofenU, and which many have 
clearly shown to lie in no nay inconsistent with any re- 
ligious belief Thi* Point, indeed, wna slrcminudy upheld 
by Profeianr Wiuchrll in all his published works Tlictre 
are too numerous to specify, and should Ire too well kuuwn 
to need it . but they testify, as did liis wltolc course of work 
and reaching, to a" devotion to learning, a clearness of per 
neptinn, and a breadth of intelligence which tnu>t make his 
lire* * (tenons one to lover* of know ledge, and render the 
gap lie lewvc* among the foremast American advanced sci- 
entists a hard oue to fill mure thou sufficiently. 


THE FLOODS AT PITTSRUROII. 

Urn t« serious reflection it strikes noe a* being fortunate 
that we, as a people, have renrlied the present high stale of 
civilization. I Wren* he ..mi. minion of the country would 
be continually engagtd in offering saerifirrs to tile river evsl, 
and endeavoring to propitiate hi* Watery lllghnew. , This 
would lie a sheer waste of lime amt sacrifices. As it is, his 
Royal WetiMws cornea and goes as he nleaw*. ut any or ail 
seasons, leaving in his trark more or less destruction, and 
tire civilized sufferer never think* of lire timely offering to 
appease the god * wrath, hut endure* in silence’. Thi* year 
It is tire divinity of the Alleghany River who rise* in" Id* 
might and iiirokrs the aid of his brothers, the tutelary god* 
of the Ohio uud Mouoogobeln river*. Matter of fset "people 
ray that the annual freshets, due to the melting of the snow 
and ice. have come a little earlier than usual, and give no 
thought to Hie water-god. 

On Wednesday. February INth, lire Alleghany River hud 
risen thirty-two feet eleven inches. Tire Ohio and Monon- 
gahela hail also left their tied*, and a portion of Pittsburgh 
ws* under water The advent of a mid snap prevented 
further damage, and the rivers lie gun slowly tu fall on the 
same day that they attained their maximum height. The 
towns along the banks ut the swollen river* ulso suffered 
greatly, A* shown in the illustration, lire street* of Pitts- 
burgh Were flooded to Home depth, am! only four street cur 
lino suffered no inconvenience from the waters. Inasmuch 
a* rver) thiug has its i ompcninlii.tis. the persons who ran 


EDWIN S. STUART, 

MAYOK ELECT OP rillI.Al>RIJ-|(|A. 

The lllustrioii* Sum Weller, according to 
a fragment of autobiography delivered by 
him lino fine August morning on the top of 
the Uury St. Edmund* coach. " va» pitched 
neck amt crop Into the world to play at leap- 
frog with it* troubles," In milking this state- 
nrent Mr. Weller was. as usual, indulging In 
metaphor, though he *»■ nruiuiliiy a* igno- 
rant of that fact ns was M Jourduln of speak- 
ing prose, and it lia* certainly fallen to few 
nu n tu make so abrupt an entrance Into busi- 
ness life, in lire literal meaning of the words. 
Mr. Kdwlu S Stuart. Philadelphia'- recently 
elected Mnyor, is one of the few, if not the 
only on®. 

It was five and twenty years ago, when 
he was barely twelve yrara old. at nit early 
hour on a eold winter's morning. Owing In 
family difficulties he wa* romtrellcd tu make 
some effort to procure a livelihood for liktn- 
nelf and hi* Widowed mother, ami, in do- 
fault of any la tter opening, had enrolled 
liliorelf among lire hand of nowsboys. urul 
was waiting in the office for the Ionic- of the ledger, 
watching nreanwhile tire piles of papers sliding down tire 
chute to the floor below. That wa» his weoud morning, but 
his awkwatdricM and diffidence hud not yet worn off. nntl 
he stood laislifully aloof front hi* riotous cum |>anUins. feeling 
n* wofully uncomfurtable iu mini! as in body. Suddenly the 
eldest of the others came toward him. and with mock cour- 
U-sy propwasl lo introduce him to the honorable proresainn. 
Before hi* emharrawnrenl allowed of u reply, he was seized 
by the collar and utircn-moiiiuudy scut <■ waling down the 
chute among the "dim. dump, innisl, unpleasant " fourunls. 

Tire connection witli lire retailing of literature thus rude- 
jy formed bns Im*-ii enduring. IhiHtgli it haa since bre-n tntna- 
ferred from lire distribution of daily news to that of every 
class of aniiijuc and cerium printed matter— a change, if w e 
may believe the humorists of younger cttle*. not mi great in 
Piulailclpliia a* clsewlrere lliis first step in a career of 
Uiilnlet7U|4ctl and ilewrvnl sueees* Wat tukeii two yennt 
later, when, in n<s|a>nre to an advertisement tn Hie L-tlgrr, 
Ire applied for a post of generul utility in Irearv swell known 
book store, and wav forthwith cairn gisi at a "salary of three 
dollar* a week. From that lime Mr Musrl has'owed liitt 
constant rire to hi* own diligence ami ability alone. Hegin- 
idng by acquiring with marvellous rapidity an intimate 
knowledge of the actual uud nrlioic worth of tire mires in 
the store, uud of the various i<*|iiitemenis uf the cutlomorM 
that fn*|ucnlri! it. be ha* heroine the sol® proprietor of a 
collection of valuable hook* that rivals innnv ireldic Ubrrx- 
ries. ami on® of the first autboriiim on lillfili'igtaidiv iu lire 
United Slates. 

Thia alone might be vnffii rent achievement for a man of 
thirty seven; but Mr, Stuart Inc found Utile lo consider the 
interest* of Ills t-on u try a* well us hi* own. nml from an earl y 
age lias taken an active jam in |Hilitie« on the Republican 
side He Iiiik ocx'Upted various promiurtd |>osi(lous in the 
official organization* of that party, but Hint his worth «»• 
fully recognized outside its lumts’wus sIkiwd when, in 
hr was rr-dertnl imankliioitsly to the Select Council front 
the Twenty sixth Ward. From tire time of Ids first election 
In that tu sly In *d III- Mayoralty has tern merely a ques- 
tion of time Once, w Iren almost secure of victory, he sac- 
rificed himself for t li<- sake of Id* party. Imt hi* reward hius 
come nt last, if the business of a great city. III addition to 
Ule Intfden* «if one's own. can |w.i|u-rlv Ire rrgnrdid as it 
iviivinf. lie waa elect 1*1 lo the |mi»I of honor and responsi- 
bility on Febnrary 17th hr the unpremlented majority of 
nearly forty thnuMind That raimy I ■■ tire. -r«i* voted forliim 
U a healthy sign, for it i ml irate* Hint in Philadelphia, at all 
events, a partisan rnn still perceive Hurt lmsines*-like ability 
and sound retire are (pialitie* independent of |*iliHe*. anil 
that a man whose public ami private records are equally 
untainted may rule lire city well and wiurly. regnull«»* of 
the party to which Ire may I* long l*ct*ouallv Mr. Stuart 
U n quiet, self fun tallied man. not given to putillc streaking 
or stumporatory. lie has •• always voted at his part vs call, 
and his party ha* shown Us gratitude A* a social" light he 
shines quite as modestly a* did Ills predecessor, who, except 
in the business mm s clubs, wus quite unknown. 



/*■ 


MAttCU 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


177 


TUE B^SCUE OF THE JEANSV1LLE 

MINERS. 

BY DAVID (IRA1IAM PHILLIPS. 

Were it not for tlx- mine Him- would be no Jcausvillr, 
Pennsylvania. Hu» with a mine Hist lias tunnelled a vast 
area of country during its fort^Hr* years of unfailing yield, 
the Tillage of a thousand soul* la known far and wide. It 
is a minion villain 1 pure and simple. There is the owner. Mr 
flaydno, ami his family. superintendent*, mliw-rs. Hungarian 
laborers ami their families. Tlx- owner sublets the various 
•• breasts." or chamber*. wbirli lend from the main pamage- 
way*. to English and Scutch miners, who employ Hungarians 
to assist them in getting the coal. 

At drat the mine wits worked from a shaft a mile away 
from the present opening. Blit tins shaft was abandoned 
yenrs ago, nnd filled with rubbish mid with water. No one 
knows whence Its tunnelling* lead. The new shaft has 
lieeu in u<e so long that its muiu pawnee way extends three- 
quarter* of a mile in a semicircle nhder ground in the lowest 
point of the mine, When the miners go to work, they fob 
low this passageway from Die mouili of the mine to the lop 
of a long and precipitous incline, when! there Is un engine 
which lifts cars up and down from tbc bottom. Tltc miners 
descend In those cars in the lowest point. Then two pa«. 
sageway* diverge— one to the left, tho other to th« right. 
The left passageway slopes upward, branching into smaller 
passageway*. with a " breast " at the end of cadi It goes 
in the dim tlon of the abandoned shaft. The right isisaagr 
way at<o slopes upward, branching hero and thorn as it goes. 
Both these piwsageways. with their brandies. are nut more 
than Hirer feet high nnd four foot wide. Thor follow the 
vein of cvial which pierres the solid rock. Tue chambers 
lire no higher because of the roof and floor of rock, but each 
broaden* into n circle nliout twenty feel in diameter. Those 
who walk and work here must stoop or crawl. The vein 
dips sometime* gently, sometimes abruptly. The floor is 
tough, and at times paittful. In (lie dips collects llie black 
dump, deadly soil insidious. It girt* no wsrning odor. The 
lamp goes oul. and sometimes the miner has no chance In 
cull out, so quickly Is be overcome. 

Wednesday morning, February I lb. the miners started to 
work ns usual. It w as a flns day, and they swarmed into 
the mine dretaod in their blouses and overalls, black, and to 
I >c further grimed by the day's work. They wore heavy 
rubber boots, and in the imp of each was Hie little lamp that 
is the miners guide ami sentinel. Each man carried a din- 
ner pall, most of three men were Hungarian*, but Hie bosses 
were all English and Scotch except one. Big Jo« Metusky. 
the tallest and strongest man in the camp, the only ooc of 
the Hungarians with nil enough to rise to the position of 
contractor for a "breast.” He came from the home where 
Ills wife and .children lived, with the four laborers who 
boarded with him and worked for him- 

Tito men traversed Hie long tunnel, were let down the 
stoop incline, and separating at the dividing paaaaccways, 
clltubed in group* to Hie " breast*." Big Joe and Ids four 
men went to Hie right and ascended to his 11 breast." which 
was far up in that part of the mine, and near the end of the 
passageway. 

It wits about eleven o'clock, and the men began to think of 
stopping work to cat Hie dinner which the wontm had put 
iutu the pails for them in the morning. Far up the left |»»* 
KAKeway live men were working, chipping away at tire black 
wall which now and tbrn sparkled und flashed in the dim 
light of the lamps ou their hats. One of the men stopped 
suddenly and looked intently at tbe wait, then leaned for- 
ward and looked closer, and then sprang back with n yell. 
A stream of water was trickling through the wall of rual, 
nnd as the men came running grew larger A lump of rnal 
broke from the wall ami fell. The slreuin of water was 
gushing now. The wall was loosening and crumbling 

With a cry Unit was no wort). Inti the universal signal of 
tlnuger. the man who bud And called (Iroppnl his pick and 
started down the passageway, stooping, stumbling, scram- 
tiling Ho slinuted as he went, ami all wlm heard dropped 
their picks Olid followed, taking up tlir cry. and as they 
came they understood Hie enure of that cry. for down I ho 
I uis.-uigewiiv Irehlud them came Ibe hiss of a mighty rolunte 
of water. The shouts tmomed along tho passageways, nttd 
some men up the right pusiogo heard and dashed for the bot- 
tom of the mine and Hie ears. The water was upon them 
with tin angry growl tliat rose abore the shouts. Those 
who could caught the car, und were drawn up to safety. A 
few Hint heard and ran down were seized by the flood and 
drowned. But for IUg Joe and hi* four men. far up the tight 
piiMsugewav. the sliouts came too late. They too ll«l for l lie 
iMiltom, hut the flood hud puaxd it. and was pushing Up tire 
right passageway. They turned and started back, but one 
watt caught and drowned. 

In file minutea tbe mine was Hooded, except the upper 
end of Ibo right pasaogt.-wav The great volume of water, 
rrh-uxed from Hie tunnel* of the atiandoned shaft, poured in 
until It reached nearly to the engine house at the top of the 
ntiwp incline. It rushed up the right passageway until the 
air. which It compressed before, stopped It like a wall. 
Tlicn it paused nl a level of seventy feet below iu level la 
Ilia main passageway. 

Tim miners who had escaped. Hie other workmen and Hie 
nufwrlntcndent*. gathered about the engine and looked 
down, with the aid of Hie fluting lights, upon the block nn-l 
hiihlillng stirfsee for below them. llrey were while lienenth 
l lio grime, nnd they trembled as only I hone tremble who 
linvi- facni nnd shunned sudden death Thru they thought 
of those others who were drowned and dead in the ptumgr- 
wny hundreds of feel below Thu new* spread through tlto 
cutup. n»d women and children came sobbing nnd moaning 
to the entrance to llnd which were bereaved. Tire mind* ta 
were counted and eighteen were missing -an Englishman, a 
flcotcliniM, their two Hungarian*. Big Joe MftiMKy. and his 
four I Iuitgariaii*. Then the brrrarrd moaned sfresli. nnd 
lliose who hod lost none wept with litem The miners and 
InlKtrers stood about with desperate face*. There wns r*pe 
clnllv sorrow for Big Joe. who was so strong aim) good- tra- 
in red. nod whose wife WAS hrnken Irearled heennse there was 
n linlty soon to be I tom thut would never know a father. 

In an hour they wire at work agnin. Bumps were rigged, 
pi|M‘« laid, engine* started. nnd a sireum of tire black water 
wan I wine poured from the inin*- It was thought that all 
were dead, or would lie dead before there could tie any 
chance of retcire. But the work was none the lean enroesi 
Divora were sent for. but shook their bends; for there wa* 
th«* unknown peril of tire water, nnd the deadlier, more ter- 
rible peril of the lilnrk damp. So the pum|<s wurked day 
ami night, and drew 8000 gallons of water a minute from 
the pool. 

Fourteen day* and night* the engines tolled at this rate, 
and then Wednesday, February 18lli, the water had fallen 



Ihn Hie right passageway might be entered. C'lote lo 
the mouth of ft they found tin- body of one of Big Joe's la- 
Ife it was who had been overtaken, ami drawn Into 


Hie flood. It was the first body recovered, snd as the men 
gathered around it. the last spark of hope which might have 
lingered fled; for although there was no ground for hope, 
some had still believed. But those who knew mines, knew 
that all must lw dead; for even though some might have p*. 
raped into Die upper and unfilled chamber*. they knew Hiat 
Ute air must soon have become unfit to breathe; that tbe 
eoM from the Immense pressure upon the air would freeze 
them to death eveu though they liaii been clad In olbcr gar- 
ment* than those fitted for the usually oppressive beat of a 
mine. Then who could live iu such a cramped, cold, and 
airless place, without food, for foitrtrrn days? But still 
they worked, ami Sunday. February 22d. the water was gone, 
and the right pataagewny cleared. Two days before. Big 
Joe's wife had become a' mother. The life -insurance com- 

1 sillies hod paid thetr loss**, and the men buried in the mine 
ind ceased lo exist for the outride workl. 

But the water was not Ute only thing against exploring 
the right puss ageway. In its depressions lurked the klnck 
damp ready to choke tbe life front the unwary explorer. So 
pickets were established us the party progressed ami pushed 
over the rough floor toward the end, A mau was left every 
fifty feet, nnd every now ami I lien all halted. The wore! was 
paused hack to make sure that none had fallen into the 
clutches of the black dump, So they adranrrd, stooping, 
painfull v craw ling, stumbling upoo the uneven fl.Mir, fanning 
the black damp when they riune upon it, to mix it with the 
pure air ami destroy Its titingur. Tire little, low, narrow 
passageway was ptlcn-dark, save tbc thin flame* of the Inmps 
fifty feet apart. The silence was broken only by the noise 
of ihe henry bools, or now nnd then lire watchword. 11 All's 
well," paued from poiut of light lo point of light behind. 
The leader rains upon the entrance to a side pnssage leading 
to a "breast." With cailliuu lie advanced along it. He 
came to the chamlicr. paused nnd looked around. Four men 


hundred nnd sixty-four hours of suffering In hunger and 
darkness and cold back of iL 

Foreman Ketdiaw had Joined the two. and now the three, 
regardless of black damp, stumbled ami crawled and threw 


themselves along the narrow aide tunnel. With tbr few find 
feet the black damp snuffed their lamps, ami loft them to 
Inky darkness. But they reached the chamber, and McFar- 


of wood ami loosened sitppurU. They might have been 
asleep. But they were dead— long dead, ami it was lire Are 
Hiat hail killed them ; for they forgot Hiat no fresh air could 


supports. They might have been 
dead— long dead, and it was lire Are 


get In to them, ami that tho tin- they lit was stealing the 
breath of life with it* warmthgiving flame faster Ilian 
they were breathing 
it. They built tho 
Are to protect them 
against the stinging 
colii of tlic compress- 
ed air. nnd they hail 
slowly fallen into the 
sleep nf suffocation. 

Their bodies were 
I tome hack to Hie 
lowest point of Ure 
mine anil raised In 
llie car*, ami then 
carried to Ute sur- 
face. This was Mon- 
day morning, Febru- 
ary 23d. The men 
returned to the right 
pnmugc way .and once 
more lire flame-tipped 
pirkrls spread along 
lire low lunucl. Slow- 
ly the advance was 
made, for tire block 
clamp bail to he dis- 
persed again. 

The afternoon end- 
ed. and eight o'clock 
in the evening found 
them still working 
forward. They I rad 
passed tbe place 
where they found tbe 
men In the morning. 

They were close to 
the end. One more 
side passage am) 
chamlicr were lo lie 
examined — that of 
Big Joe's. His body 
ami those of his three 


lane shouted into the bowel* of blackness, 

" Keep heart, boys, keep heart, we're coming)" 

There was a sound of sobs, of muttered words of gladness, 
of prayers in answer to tbla; the three rescuers were trembling 
and muttering their prayer*. "Thank God I Thank God. 
they said. Then Krlshaw groped into the narrow tunnel, 
burrowed in one wall of Hie " breast," and felt beneutk hi* 
bauds a human form, mid but moving. Tbit* were other 
forms, four in all. huddhd together. They were sobbing 
in weak voices. They murmured words in broken English. 
Kelshaw lifted one and drew him out, and put him in 
MrFarlane’s arms. It was Thomas Tomiakv. Then Waa- 
aell Frtnko. then Big Joe Metusky. and last John llarno, 
were brought into the chamber. McFnrlnne gave each a little 
drink of brandy from his flask. But Baroo w a* unconscious, 
nnd only breathed more < Imply as the lirandy lunched his 
drv and swollen Up*. 

Tbif word was iMuard along, nnd those in the outer part of 
the mine, not believing, yet got the doctors, the blankets, 
and the restoratives in reodinrs*. Thosr in tire chamber 
prepared to lake lire rescued tntek to safety through Hie low 
rough tunnel, post the honk* of black damp. They could not 
walk; they could not move without assistance. So the re* 
c ueri lay upon their hack*, took earth a man in Ids anti* and 
pasted him over a toboggan chute of men down the strep 
manway lowanl tire passageway, and along tbe passageway 
to the bottom of tbc mine. Others went ahead and fiinnsd 
tbe blnck damp, aud made the way safe. 

After nn hour and a huJf of this remarkable progrcui. the 
bottom of Hie mine and the car was reached. Then all were 
drawn up to the doctors and the waiting crowd of workmen 
As the rescuers uud lire rescued appeared, there was a wild 
cheer that boomed through lire lamp lit mine; hut w hen they 
looked upou the rescued, these rough miner* Ribbed like 
children. 

It wua a terrible sight. Nineteen days nnd nights of suf- 
fering had told its story. The mining world knows of no 
equul misery. It Is no wonder that men wept and prayed- 


low. faint. IiibInU'dI 
tapping in tire dark- 
ness ahead, like the 
sound mode by a liv- 
ing being. He listen- 
ed again, and. with a 
choking of fear in his 
throat, realized that 
it certainly came f rom 
in front, and not from 
the pickets behind. 

Iln called Superin- 
tendent MiKnrlaoe, 
who was tbn next 
picket to the rear 

*' I'su the word 
along for the nren to 
kerp still, and colire 
here. " he said. 

Mr Farlnne crawled 
nnd stooped along 
until the two stood 

together close to lire rntrancc lo Rig Joe'* ■■ breast." They It is i 
listened, holding their breath. They heard tlic faint round, 
insistent, spirit like, through tlx- pitch darkness of lire low 
vault. Th*jr looked each into the Ollier’s fare by the light 
of (he little flame ou tlreir cap* The same thought came to 
both, Nineteen days and eight hour* bad passed sinre tire 
mine was flood'd — nearly three weeks. Who could lire 
lltut long witlreul fuel or nir or food* 

" Don't raise the alarm." w|d>pered McFarlaue. " It cnil'l 
lie true It would Ire cruel It can't he true." 

Then McFarlane shouted, a loiul erv that might have been 
a call lo the silent motionless tip* of flame in long linn la- 
hind. Then llrey llslctred. Bark from lb*! darkness into 
which the cry had gone muffled there came an answer. It 
was not an echo. It wob faiul as a whisper yet clrar and 
distinct. "lltsl-U! ' 

It was a cry for help out of the blackness— u cry with four 


t those miner*, accustomed to look with 


called the mm together outside, and said, gently. "Let us 
lhank God. hors!" Awl llrey knelt dowr on the rough flixtr. 
with lire dim lights flaring In their caps and shining upon 
grimed anil la-nnhxl and -rough faces. And McFarlaue's 
voice clinked a» he pray Oil. ami every frame then- shook 
with wilts, nnd Hungarian laborer prayed Imijile English 
foreman. cnrli In Ills own wav. each lo tlie God Ire knew. 

Afterward liter marched along the tunnel to the surface, 
three quarters of a mile away, nnd there they met the other 
people of lire village— tire women anil tho children. And 
they rmbrnrrd one another, nnd cried noil wddied nnd 
prayed ami shouted. Then they marched all together to 


Google 



178 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. I7SS. 


the bon** of ib* owner. Mr. J. C. Haydon. 
!l «» n (Urk uight. and a litlhi rain win 
falling. Mr. liaydun mid hi* fiunll) braid 
I hrni c oming, mid gut up am) cnme out oil 
I hr front potch of tin* big frame house. Il 
«ni two o clock in the morning, ami tlreuo- 
men of the )io«im> wens dn-w-ed In gowns 
luMilr put on. Tltry had beitni Ike nowtt la- 
hue. M they wined to rejoice with the 
pKlllUi. 

Tl.i: vrlwilc Tillage norniilnl hefoie the 
porch, the rescue ra In front, tbo others be- 
him]. There was inky darkness except for 
the lamps in Uie hat* of th>- mitten. They 
lit up big burly frames clad in the grimiest 
of clothe*, faces smirched ami blackened 
w ith coal-dust. 

Ami then came the im Silent of thbt n-*ur- 
reel ion which will thrill every man who Imh 
a heart, timl rmi»r his throat to lighten u 
long a* that heart beat* It must l*> renieni 
be red ns long os the glory of nirkeiiluwi is 
tuld. where the English soldier* went down 
on their sinking tmnp ship, drawn up as nt 
dress parade nud presenting unis to Deaili. 
ns lour its tbo story of Samoa is told, when 
from Uie deck of the sinking Americnti man- 
of-war came the music of tbo imiIqmI un- 
tbetu. nnd was answered by tbe cheers of the 
drowning omrimi. nnd ir«*V triuinpbnnt over 
the ruaritigof the sen. Tire sixty miners who 
had worked for twenty day* without sleep or 
food, and rven without hope, as they stood 
before Mr Hay dun ‘a home, mired their voices 
in a great chorus. and sang tbe Doxology to 
the: black iky and IN MUMMMdlfig lulls:’ 


This wo* tbo mod litring climax Uie mirac- 
ulous rescue of tbe Jennsviile miner* could 
have had. It will hardly In? forgotten 

As for the rescue itself it is a case without 
parallel. And eirnngiM of all. the rescued 
men. with perhaps one exception, will live, 
Tor Big Joe W on I be high roast to recovery, 
and tbe Irnby will know a father after all, 


A PIONEER OF THE WEST. 

Ix the death of Major-General Henry 
Hasting* Sibley, which occurred in Si. Paul 
on February lSUi, tin? Northwest lines an 
iltiMrions factor In its history— the ‘‘Grand 
Old Man " nf tbe North Star State, lie was 
a pioneer, an Indian fighter, a Coogreeeraan. 
and a writer, nnd one of the mint virile and 
picl lireeque cim ruder* nf I lie lust lialf-OCM u ty . 
Ataclwnarterof public life, sixty -three year* 
of persistent activity in the new corner of 
tl*e State* crown the man with the grandeur 
t»f their marvellous nllainmenl. From tbe 
bear! of the Ohio to Ihe mine* of the Slerrait 
his inlliinnrr has Iteen mark'd in transform- 
ing the 'Vest from a dreaded wilderness iuto 
lint richest garden of tbe country 

The father of General Sibley was Judge 
Solomon Sibley, of Massachusetts, an early 
und prominent pioneer of Uliin and Mirhl- 
gso. a member of the first Legislature of tbo 
Nor lb west Territory in 1799. u < 'ntigrassman 
in Ib0l>. Judge of the Supreme Court from 
1884 to ISM. etc. 

Henry Hasting* Sibley wa* born at Detroit, 
Michigan, iu 1811, received an itcailemirnl 
education: studied law for a time, but atan- 
dotted il for n more active life in the unset 
tied region of tbe West, whither bis nature 
drifted ar an early age. 

While a young nun bis bend ipturicni were 
at ihe historic old Indian pool Mendota, 
where the pioneer ympli found still ion and 
exploit as early as ISM. ami where lie hnlll 
the llrat alone dwelling Ikhisc in the then 
Terri lory of Wisconsin, a section of country 
which then embraced What lire now the 
States of Minnesota aud Wisconsin. The 
mesa* of travel and navigation which were 
employed were those of the horseman mid 
voyagenr. 

in 1H-HI lie married Mi*» Surah J. Steele, 
sister of the late Franklin Steele, of Fort 
Snrlllng. Six ebildren survive him. 

Fifty- two year* ago he was appointed Jus- 
tlce of the Fence, and became ihe first civil 
officer in wluit is now known ns Minnesota, 
then a part of Iowa. At about till* time lie 
waa appointed first Captain of tire First Iowa 
Cavalry. ami ill 184K was ch i led a th-legale 
to Congress from what waa designated Wis- 
consin Territory, with tbe understanding that 
be would urge tire blit then pending for tbe 
organization of Minnesota Territory Under 
tbe force of hi* labors Hie bill wus'pavred in 
1849 With tbe Territory of Miniresoia or- 
ganized, he was elected to Congress tor four 

year*— -terms of '48 und '.VO. 

In 18-Vi Ire was elected a member of the 
Territorial Legislature, *nd served a* a mem- 
ber nnd president of the Democratic wing of 
tbe Constitutional Convention, and in the fall 
of 1857 be waa elected the Orel Governor of 
the State of Minnesota, taking hi* seal at hi« 
iuxugumiiou in 1808 ami retiring in iretu 
In 1 |8»K. while the nation was (plaiting in tbe 
throes of iiiternnl war. lie w,i.s n ;>{>• <i u*.'-i 1 
commander of the forces raised to rpirll the 
Sioux outbreak. After violent lull victorious 
contact lie subdued the I ndm ns, restored two 
hundred ami fifty white prisoners, und se- 
cured two thousand brave*, four hundred of 
wliom were tried, and thirty -eight of whom 
were 'Hing' d under hi* personal utipervisloii, 
in 18*1'-* in the town of Mankato. Minnesota. 
Immediately after ibis hold service he was 
eomniiutioavd Bugadir-r-Gcneral. Wlreo. in 
I Nil, be I leaded »u expedlllon to the Devil s 
Luke region and Missouri River for the pur 
pose of routing aud pulling to High! lire Inn- 


tile* frem the Wwtern frontier, hi* rnmpnign 
wns so successful thnt il virtually pul nu end 
to all future Indian warfare. In KMS Gener- 
al Sihlrv was commissioned Mujor- General, 
" for efficient imd ineriiorioii* services" ; w an 
relieved of hi* command in IXtlit. and ap- 
pointed on a commission to negotiate i italic* 
with the liietlle Sioux Kn m that time on 
his official life in lire Slate of Minnesota was 
iilum-t continuous to the da) of ins death. 
In 1871 Ire was again in tire State fjejpslniure, 
became President <>r the Stale Normal Hoard. 
Hqnl of tire State University, n num ber nf 
tbu Hoard of Indinii Cutnmnwlonera. Path 
Commiitdoner, member of tire Hoard of Kd- 
ireution. uml at hi* death Ire wits President 
of the St. Paul Qm Company, a luiuk dime- 
tor. Director nf the Old Sioux City fiail- 
road. and President of the State llstnricnl 
Society. In 18M an li'irmcablc degree of 
LL.D. wna conferred on him by Princeton 
College und thn Collage of New Jersey. 

It was General Siblev who, while Govern- 
or of MlnnewUft. challenged tire feaiuie* of 
the famous • Five Million Dollnr Luuu Bill," 
which threatened destruction to tire State at 
its verv inreptUm. Tire bill was in lire nn- 
ture of a State loan for tire construction of 
railrnods, It was a grand scheme, heralded 
to vuccx-wful passage by a popular vote of tire 
people. The Democratic party was ilien tire 
dominant power lathe State, and General Sib- 
ley nun Governor. Ill* mandate went forth 
that before Ihe issuance nf a single bund tire 
railroad* Ire rviiulri-il to deposit wlUt tin 1 Gov. 
ernm a trust deed containing a priority nf 
lieu to Ihe Slate on all tire lands, franchise*, 
etc., of lire mmpniiii'N respectively a* a con- 
dition precedent to any issue of bonds under 
tlw constitutional amendment. Tire com- 
panies dcmuiTi'd : appeal waa taken to the 
supreme Court by one of tbe companies. and 
lire Governor's ruling revenied. ami a writ of 
itinndumu* compelled lire action of the K\ 
rcnlive. The effect of this decision deprived 
tire Stole of a prior lien upon the railroad 
propertiea. and placed her Oil a par with I udd- 
ers of any amount nf first mortgage bond* 
the com panic* might cboom to Ireue. ami the 
security of tire Slate was tints greatly impair- 
ed. Tbe people revolted, mid by an over- 
whelming vote the howls were repudiated, 
awl the credit of the State almost collapsed 
in financial circle* East awl abroad To ex- 
punge this sligtiu from the tttldel of the new 
State. General Sibley worked heroically, and 
when the blot was finnily r rased Mali year* 
ago by a full payment of the bond*, the odium 
rnnttlirrl from the name of the Slate and it* 
first Chief Executive. 

Tire AnerWry. Uft. am f Timt* of /frury 
Huttim/t SM f/K. hr l>r. Nathaniel West, is 
the moat comprehensive library nf North- 
western Indinii affair* and autobiography of 
the Sllrfoy lineage extant, and In Hit* work 
the g rest ties « nf this stately man is revealed 
with convincing truth and realism. 

General Sibley was a grind man. purr at 
heurt. breed In mind, and magnanimous at 
hand He stands out in hallowed relief a* 
tbe sturdy chieftain of that udventurons band 
of pioueent who have earved out one of tbe 
greatest monuinrutvof tbe Union— Ihe North 
Star Slate. And lire State mourn* It* ma- 
terial maker. Harry W. Walk. 


THE NEW SECRETARY OF THE 
TREASURY. 

Mr. ('UARUta PoeTKR, of Ohio, who bns 
Just been nomluted by tire President ami 
confirmed by tire Senate a* Secretary of tbit 
Treasury to succeed tire late Mr. \Ylndom, 
has lircn in public life so long that he i* * 
uMlt wetl-kMwa mao. It whim when 
President llnrrison formed hi* original enb- 
itrel Ire wi*lti*l very much to have Mr Foster 
take tire Treasury portfolio, and indeed It 
wns au o^h-ii secret nl the lime tbut Mr. Fos- 
ter expected tire appointment with much 
confidence, lie and tire President have 
been for year* vc-rr dose personal friends, 
nnd it w»s at Mr Poster's cnxintiy home at 
Put in- Bay that Mr. Harrison, while a guest 
there, wrote hi* inaugural address. When 
Mr. Wimtnm wns so suddeoly slrirkrn down. 
It was at onco pretty generally believed that 
llr F«*ler would be the President'* choice 
When, however, a bill was rushed thrisugti 
C'ottgfe** giving the Prerident thirty lusiend 
of ten days in which to select a new Secre- 
tary of tire Treasury. It »a« thought there 
wja soma .serious r>ppo*itinn to Mr, FoMrr'a 
ap(HiintOM'til. However ibi* may Itave lieen, 
tlie opposition, if there were any. must have 
farm removed. 

Mr Foster was born sixty -throe year* ago. 
in Seneca County. Ohio, and he still lias hi* 
Ireine tlrere lit tlie village of Fo«torla. He 
was a country store-keeper until within u 
few veer- ago, and prospered far beyond the 
lot of the ordinary rmmnh merchant, 
Wltm be fie-t becatte ■■ cRfldldaie tor pufaBo 
office, hi* friend* gave him thn pictararam 
aohrH|U«t of " Calico Charley." lire allusion 
evidently being to his bumble oeeupntion. 
U' l i ntly. bowenr. h* ha* M IsjWkI over 
hi* txiunter to euwomcT*. but ha* been en- 
gaged in enterprises such it* the building 
ansi oouaolidatUin of ratlnsad*. nnd he lia* 
also had to do with tbe natural gas corapa- 
nie* of northern Ohio He has sunk the 
shopkeeper In the millionaire, and now he i* 
the .-.'■sociute in buKiu-** affair* of such men 
n* Calvin Brice and Nunnel Thom**, ami 
those rich men who are kuou'D Ui tbe World 
a* the Standard Oil king*. 

In 1803 Mx. Foster first ton for office. 11* 


wns elected to lire State Senate, hut was not 
permuted to rake hit seal In 1*70 Ire was 
elected to (Yingrvn*. where he served four 
term*. In Congress he was a memlier of 
the Committee on Way* and Menus Tbe 
first time he oalne to the general notice of 
tire country wa* while rervlug as a member 
of nn investigating committee to look into 
tlreconditiou of affair* In LuuMaiW; be join 
<*1 William Waller Pkelpa in a minority re- 
port. In 187H, hi* district In Ohio having 
nes it altered wmswbnl by the State Legisla- 
ture. Mr. Foster w*» henten bv a majoriiy of 
1800 voles. Tire next year !«• wa» electexl 
Governor of the State by a majority of MOt). 
and two years later he was re-elecUsl. A 
year ago bo again nui for Congrtus, hut wn» 
beaten. 

Wldle in CnngacM he voted fov tire Bland 
silver hill, and he I* eulhusiiistinilly in favor 
of otnhllsliins some bimetallic siaudnrd by 
wbieli Ihe diver dollar • li .11 have the |M| 
Inlrioslc value os the gold. A grent many 
person* think such u propwitiolt nlxurd. 
Mr. Foster I* a very accestlble man. nnd i« 
UMtally very ready to talk to reporter* and 
correspondent* of newspaper*. In a recent 
conversation of this kind. Ire said be was in 
favor of a i-Iumk tnisiuc** relation with Cana- 
da, Tht*. he said, would lead very soon to 
nuncxiticiu, for wlileJi he wns very anxloir*. 
He dill not tliink, be said, we dimitd have 
more than one tUg on thU coutineat. He 
has said since Ids uoniination that he wns in 
favor of MMltig the Freleral election bill. 
ThU bill, tidier known as the force ImII. ap- 
P'-Hhi to be II pel IRMMin of the President'*, 
and to he oppreetl bv Mr. Blaine. It is gel' 
cnilly Ih'.iiiglil thnl Mr Fosters pmenre in 
the cwliiiict will weaken the infiueoce of Mr. 
Blaine. At the Hepuhliraii National Con- 
ventions for many years past Mr. Foster lia* 
been present to urge the iKiminutinn of Sen- 
ator John Slret titan. 


SIR JOHN A, MACDONALD. 

Tint Right Honorable Sir John Alexander 
Mnnlonald. Premier of tire Dominion of Cnti- 
uda and virtual ruler of that country. Im* 
challenged fortune hy dissolving the Pnrliu 
otHit of the Domini'iii clecte«l In 1887. and 
mi Thursday March fttli. the elertion* will («• 
held which will eltow whether Ire bnacounttsl 
in vain on tin; gixlde** who bilherto ha* fa- 
vored him so mightily. 

The life of "8lr John "— III* xitraatiM Is 
vditom heard in Canada— I* the history of 
Canuda for the last sixty year*. Bora in 
Glasgow January It. 1815, Ire wa* brought to 
Canada in 1«J0. when his fiiilrer. Hugh Mnc- 
tlonuld, settled at Kingston.! intarln. He was 
tdiM-aled in Kingston. and when sixteen year* 
old liegan to study law, He w*» admitted to 
tire bar ill IKVi, ami in I'Uill roiwlitrlrd tire 
defence of Von 8chultx,a Pole, who Imd ' in 
vadtd ” fanndn ill that year at tire Iread of a 
few •• hunter*. ” In 18+4 Mr M-iedouald wa» 
elects* I In tire House of Assembly to repre- 
sent tire city of KlngMtoii III the Parliament 
of United Canada, nti.il in 1H47 be waa a|>- 
polnted Kecclver-Uenenil, holding office for 
the first lime. 

Soon afterward he became ComniiwJritMr 
nf Crown Ijuidx,nud in 1848. with his col- 
leajgtiMJ in the Draper ministry rerign«l 

Until 1894, Macdonald remaiuetl in oppo- 
sition. In that year, on Uie question of pay 
ing tire ~ rebellion h ■«***." the Hnldwtn la 
fonlaine reform ministry was defeated, imd 
Mardunahl bw ili e Attorney General in Sir 
Allan MeNah* coalition milium Macdon- 
ald Willed Ihe iiirestion of the relx'llton |u** 
e*. occularireNl the clergy reserve a, and abol- 
ished seigniorial tenuri; in Lower CanadiL 
In 18U the Premier had to rasjgn on account 
of iilnens, anil lire Attorney -Geuuial succeed- 
ed to lire Premiership. 

In 1887 tire Qiret'lt designated Ottawa, a 
small town. at the junction of tire Ottawa. 
Chandtero. and Kidewu rivers, n* the future 
seat of fomnuwot Macdonald favored tire 
decision, lint Purli'iment did not. and tire 
minbtry raugned. XVilliiti three days it was 
hack in power, nnd lusted mud HMI'.* Two 
year* of opposllloa passed before Mr. Mur 
donald returned to power uh Attoiriey Uen- 
rral under Sir Klietine Toche. 

In 1884 tire piyqMjaiiion to federnlirc the 
two proviners of Upper nnd Lower Cnnatla 
and lire matitlnre |>rovinces assumed form. 
It was saved from being ruined nt tbe very 
Ireginning hy Mncdonuhl.who pcrmndnl (lei 
egalcs met to forth a small ronfnlrrulion nf 
tbe maritime province* lint the larger si heme 
of general confederation waa wio-r nnd l*»-t- 
ter. In 1*16 Sir. Macdr-nald waa Cliaiminn 
of the Louden Colonial Conference when lire 
llrilisli North Aiiirrieaii Art was |*x*aed by 
Pntlliinrent. On July 1,1867, lire trew Consli 
tution rnme into fori*-, nud the Dominion of 
t ‘anuda waa formeil Sbo-donaUI w a* created 
a. Knight Commander nf the Hath that same 
day. and hh Mlnbu-r of Justice and Attorney- 
General became the first Premier of the iJo- 
ridnion. 

He held powrr until 187J, when he resign- 
ed rather Ibiiu face the charges that be had 
Iwen eonnecte<i eorrttptly with tlie m ii agcix 
of lire CnDodiun Pacific Railway. He mi* 
succeeded by A lexaudor Mackmue. wire hekl 
nfflee utilil 1878. when, having reached with, 
in a few month* of its ronMitutlonal limit. 
Parliament wa* dlotolved, aud on Sir John * 
new plan of a high tariff. Ihe Conscivutives 
were swept iuto power. 

Since 1 878 Sir John has held |kiwer rontln 
uoualy. leturucd by the general election in 


|«82. end ngnin. though with a leva majority, 
in INS" He carried out lit* pledges, and a 
high tariff is now Canada * Useiil policy— the 
N. I* , or " Natumal Policy," which Sir Joint 
ami hi* colleugnea are now defending. 

Sir John was a ri«niin>*Moin r to draw up 
the Treaty nf Washington In 1871, *0(1 was 
rewarded for hi* work with n rail to the 
Privy Council of Great Britain, an honor 
conferred on duly one oilier Cunndian In 
IXHi he wa* made a Civil Knight of lire 
Grand Cron* of the Bat It. an honor enjoyed 
hy only twenty-nine statesmen of Great Brit- 
ain ("odor hi* government the railway sys- 
tem of ( 'anada bn* been developed gTenlly. 
the Dominion Im* t»en <-onan4Uiated ami 
«trengllrened. and a puldic debt of enormous 
pmtiorthMm Ire* hero areunred. 

Sir John live* nt Eurasrliffe, in Ottawa, 
wlrere his short Item form and Diiradidlke 
face are well known to every one He has 
not enriched himwlf hy any of lire art* for 
which even Id* MttercM enemies attack hint. 
Imt lia* devoted himself always to the inter, 
eat of the country wlrere Ire Im* been fur to 
many year* the mewt prominent figure. 


SENATOR KYLE, OF SOUTH 
DAKOTA. 

Tun l,rgi datura of South Dakota ha* just 
elected to the United Stales Semite Mr. J. 11. 
Kyle in lire place of Senator Moody. The 
ire iv Senalcr wo* a compromise candidate, 
and wns elected hy a cooihinuilnn of Delia > 
erxlic und Farmers' Alliance vole* Mr 
Kyle was Ihuii lit Xenia. Ohio, in 1853, and 
i< therefore a very voting man to achieve 
Senatorial dignily. lie «n graduated from 
Olierlin College in 1878. aud then studied 
theology in tire Weslera Theological Semi- 
nary nt Allegheny. IVnnaylvania, wlrere Ire 
finished in 1882. For u while Ire nerved a* 
pastor of a Congregational church in Salt 
Luke City Five years ago lie went to Ysuk 
ton. Dakota. nnd at prvnent i* financial secrc- 
lary of Yankton College. He has been a 
uremlrer of Ihe State Semite, ami I* said lo 
favor the free coinage of silver. nnd is also an 
advocate of ull the remarkable iheoi ha of 
the Farmers' Alliance. Mr Muodv, the re- 
tiring Seuulor. has shown hinwll to Ire a 
muii of ability, mid it b slrauge timl he 
should lie mired iu favor of mi utiirUd nuitt 
w bo hoa hud uo political career or training 


IDAHO’S FOURTH SENATOR. 

The election by a Slate Legislature of four 
United 8tn«e» Senators at a single *e**iofl I* 
a rxY'ord that bus been parallelnl only once 
in lire h'wtory of our country. The way it 
came a hour wns this. When tire Idaho Iregi* 
Inline nret tills whiter, it proceeded to the 
elerliou of 8rliatOTS There was n very large 
Kepiihlienn majority, and a great rivalry 
among aspiring candidates, It was finally 
agreed, hy enough legislator* to carry out 
tire plan, that instead of two, threw Senator* 
should he elected: one for Ihe short term just 
now ended, one for the term ending in 181W. 
anil one fur lire term Ireginning March 4. 
1891. Accordingly Messrs McConnell and 
Shotip were < Unsen to fill Ihe ext-tiog va- 
concie*. and Mr. I)ubu4* waa elected for the 
term about to begin. 

Judge William Clagt-H was u candidate nt 
tlie find election, and Ills friends have claim 
«1 ever sinre llint IhiWi* lias nci title In 
the sent Tliev finally succmled In gaining 
rnough Hepuhliraii* to form, with the Demo- 
crats, n majority of the Lei'islature, and lire 
recent joint erssinn and election of Judge 
Cloaetl i* the result of their tabor*. 

Tlie parallel case ref cried to is that of the 
lion. Alii jab Giltrert. of Fkirida. From 1861 
to 1868 Florida was not tcprcsreoied Iu ihe 
Senate at W'wdiington. After remnstruetioa 
the Legislature met June 16. 1888. nud chore 
two Senators on the two following days, On 
the llkh llrey elected n third Seuatiir. Mr. 
Gilbert. for tlie term Ire-ginning March IIWi 

The same Legislature afterward declared 
tht* action illegul.and In January. 1870. chore 
tKsian B. Ilart for the same ler'ra. The Sen- 
ate. on mot ion of Mr. Trumhall. and acting 
in necordoncc with the report of Hie Com- 
mittee on flic Judiciary, declared that )lr. 
Gilbert had been duly eb-riitl, and wa* en- 
title*! to hold his sent. In the report of tbe 
committee occurred this language: “In no 
view which the committee wn take would 
tire iretitiouer Ire entitled to a real in the Seii 
ate, for. if tin- dfctioa of the sitting B u ulw 
w%« irregular, that of Hie petitioner, by tire 
some legislature at a suloequent MRtion. 
wa* 'iiually so." So the precedent is agulust 
Mr Clagett- 

Senalor Kdmmuls has expressed his opin- 
ion that Mr Dubois wa* legally e lex-led. 
That fart would make the Utter's defeat *.1 ill 
morn delightful than il Otherwise would he 
to the Mormons, who have fought Dubois 
Utterly, and who are credited with no small 
in il -.il- nor iu the recent proceeding* at Boise 
City. 

.fudge riagctt Is a Marylander hy Unit, 
hut crowed tire plains iu 1H.V0, and bus t-lncre 
lived in Nerada.Moutaba.Dakota.atul Idaho. 
pbu-tUing law. mining, and attending to poll 
lira, lie served In tire Folly second Cun 
grass as Delegate from Monlann. and was the 
author of the hill eaiiildisblng the Yetlow- 
Motte XtllDHl I’itik He al*n served i* Ptw- 
rident of the < Vmreotlon that framed the 
Constitution of the State ol Idaho. 


Miacfl 1 ' l »»i. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 



Yai.k now* mit nk»:ii iIm' Caudle lec- 
ture administered to Harvard lust vrwk; 
die Jour In t I iom- lir>l few dark and 
dreary ycats nf college wwiiw, mastered 
her lesson and leartwd it llii.roughly Aflrt 
the one experience of (tying pcofwaiowil 
und ottar stroke*. *lu* realized thoroughly 
Unit there was Imt uw wuy io row. und the 
closer she adhered to Ik policy w hicli would 
enable her to reach tlmt cud. the more skill- 
ed her crew would become neb year and 
the oftencr It would Is- stroked to victory. 
Every college man von inert at New Haven 
today will tell you lie consider* I be Chance* 
of hi* »lMit imiirr for victory nl New London 
tbi* year les* favorable than liny have been 
for six year*. mid this doe* not appear to l«e 
tint regular winter null of di**ntfsfactii>n to 
whit'll we hitvc Itecnm*’ accustomed. It i* 
my opinion thnt conclusion* are drnwn too 
hastily, based upon previous atiir creiva. 

Yale hah bmsx extremely fortunate in 
lit* punt three or four year* in havine ufMUi 
the t-rew two, three. miiiM'IIiim’* mote Mar 
oorrmeti, One or two men of tbi* kind re 
turning to college form a nucleus tbut give* 
onufldearc amt inspires the new rnutllilitle*. 
There ure nniMt of these for tbU yenr except 
Brewster. who although not n hrilliunt our 
ia a thoroughly good rme aud no excellent 
captain. Tlie Hurt eight now roning. aud 
wliirh will probably I*- the 'vurrily. with cine 
or two exception*. ha* Simni*. 1117 pounds, 
at stroke. He wii* on inn! yenr* vanity, at 
number two. and considered Die weakoat onr 
In the boat; hia taaly work i* fair, hut Ida 
hlade work in miserable for uue who bus 
Itul Ilia experience. He i* irregular, lias a 
tendency la run up the stroke. und will nev- 
er All Alletl'a place. Hagcrmiiii 17t9|K>umi*. 
at acren. is n new man. having; come from 
Cornell, where hi’ rowed on tire varsity. He 
bn* baldly had lime to shake off the remit* 
of Courtney * coaching. ami bus rnauy little 
fault*, chiefly kicking out hi* slide, hot Ire 
appear* susceptible to instruction. earnest, 
ana should make a good man. firewater, 
t«2 pound*, at six. i* not working us smooth- 
ly us be will a bit later: lie Ira* been nn Hie 
crew four year*, and is u reliable, steady 
man. Paine, im pound*, ut live, and Mills. 
170 pound*. at three, are taith new men tbut 
have just begun training: the former Iws hud 
DO experience, Imt the latter rowed in Ilia 
clam crew, and was considered a good man. 

FKluits.l 77 I’m mh, At KOI it. i* an old ‘var 
ally onr; hie. strong, and -low. licit a good re- 
liable man never! brio*. He bit* been nf 
ferine from intlauimntory rheumatism, which 
attacked hi* arm partially withering it He 
can now only partly eloae III* hand, and it I* 
extremelv doubtful if be will lie able to 
row at afl. If not, lie will be a great h«* to 
tlie boat. There onniiouM to bo sum* hope 
of indueing Hartwell— last year at four— to 
row. though the chance* of hi* ruining In are 
not very bright. It ia expecting a great deal 
of a man who i* crowding two years' Mutly 
into one, bur the undergraduate allows no 
mercy when lire athletic glory of bis college 
bangs Id lire balance. An effort i* also la-ihg 
niDiir to induce lleffelflnger, the great cen- 
tre nreh of the foot-imlt eleven, to train for 
til* crew. He will probably consent reluc- 
taoily. remembering the experience of ‘*t, 
and would pull at four in case Kerri* was 
iinalde to row. Lust year be trained for the 
crew unsuccessfully, being too sluggish in hi* 
movement*. and apparently utinliU' to master 
the stroke. Crosby. 167 pound*, at two. play- 
ed end on lire foot tail elevm. but thu* far 
line nut developed marked atulny a* nn oars- 
man: though lining fairly, he data not appear 
to he strong enough. Ealliet. 169 pound*, 
at bow. was a Mibslitilto last year, and ha* 
hail experience enough to warrant id* getting 
tlie power on Ids onr quicker nud better, ami 
keen him from slicing the water with hi* 
blade He works bard, and should ho aide 
to pull into form. 

T II r IIP. ARK AIWMT KNSIIT Otlief rand I 
date*. Die most promising of wlutui is 
K Umpire. list pounds, and sulwtilitle lust 
rmr. wire i« a fairly gou«l man, hut crude. 
The other*, excepting pnwdbly Ely. da not 
prwaenl material that i» pxrtii aim ly Micotir- 
ugilig. Then’ appears to ta a lark of pow- 
erful men tbi* year. Mich as Allen. New- 
ell. ami Kerri*: but protably tire loss that 
grieve* Yale murt i* Dial of Ives, who had 
tM-eci counted on to till Altai * plan- at stroke 
Apparently tbi* young tniut had n brilliant 
future ns an oarsman. Having hod no prevl- 
oilS rawing experience. be made !«»t season— 
lii» Freshman Vent — one of the Irest seven* 
the Yale ever had. Hi* doctor prohibits him 
front rowing this year, in consequence of 
■omr heart trouble, though be may train 
ujgriin in hi* Junior term. Tire men are being 
well taken care of hy I«bnm, n thoroughly 
good roach. There is tvo reason whatever 
for despondency among Yale men nor dis- 
c»u raging reports; the material in till' crew, 
while raw. i* sound. ami we may all rest ns. 
•urcti that with the mugnilhs'iit *y stem At 
Yale, and her clearly defined policy lire crew 
rent to New Lambm will be n formidable 
on* Apropos of New London and the ones- 
Li cm of seeking u new course, there is little 


doubt college men would ta glad to leave 
New London. with its gia*|>iiig. avaricious 
policy, hut it is doubtful if so gmsl a course 
ciui w found elsewhere. The site will very 
likely not Is- elinnged, but tin- ugilation of 
the matter will unquestionably awaken lire 
New l.i >iuii inn* to superficial generosity, iert 
they lose the golden egg lay lug goose. 

IViikn no; I s re:N « i iIiI.eoia vi . hare Iwll 
y-iinh «f P0 opcti*-d. the giiieral iiuprewMon 
nppenml to Ire that, in cnmreqireucc of the 
iliswdutUia of lire triple Intgnr. caused by 
I Li r inrd* witlidruwid. und tbe veteran team 
Yale wmilil pul Into the field, tire series 
would drng It* weary way through .May mid 
Juire in a inort uneven coDtest As If to 
rinptuwiM the uncertainty of prediition, 
Itowcvcr, the reason turned out to be the 
inm* interesting of probably auy since the 
iiurisliicii.nl of lire game. Certainly such 
dare- anil desperate hillings had never ls-cn 
seen it* Die hist two game* In-tween Yale 
ami Princeton, while the final Yule Harvard 
tunicli. at Springfield, wo* aitnort equally ex- 
citing. Yale Iregiin the season with great 
confidence 1 <tf a muipuratlvcly easy totul to 
tire championship, tiut Prioeelon developed 
surprising rtiength, and llarvaixi. though ex- 
hibiting poor form lit the hrgiuning, ttxik a 
strung am! Isstinx brace in the latter half 
Tire season Dial began Indifferently ended 
in general r-nthusimm, that would have been 
more prniioumvri luwl college legislation |rer- 
niittcti a Pi'inccton Harvard serif*. A* it was, 
Mich a desire w»* glveu exprtwsinn on all 
ridtw. aiwl bail the question Imh’u left to un- 
ilergradualt-e tlteru i* no tlouU l«u that the 
iiluc* of thv two univoraitk* would have met- 

Whbthkr there wii.i. rk a Harvard- 
Princetuu retie* this year i* erratiny u greul 
tleal of quiet but earttuM. discutoltill. The 
fact that permis»ion ha* iieen granted the 
athletic kwiu to cont|wte here ill the inter- 
collegiate championships, bus raiscii a hope 
lltat I lie nine migiit be treated with equal 
csinsidifAtioi). but it ia likely to prove a fal- 
lacious oire. Were cogent resinning the 
forerunner of action, tire nine would hpmllly 
I) mi its dearest w ish fulfil Ini but it appear* 
that limiter* athletic are not in variably gov 
emed by wise precept* at Cambridge, anil 
the results »re uut of the luppient. Why. 
when tire athletic team has been js-imiu*-d 
to disport Itself outside lire hallowed pre- 
cinct* of New England. Die Isise - ball nine 
aiiould not lie gmnled equal privilege i* uni 
entirely clear. Tire parading of the New 
England clause a* a Imr l» a retie* of Har- 
vard Princeton bnM'.tmll -aim.’.*, or. Indeed. 

fooi-laili nuuclies, is now, nfter the smoke of 
tire hut tic field lm* blov ) away, and the last 
uioiimfut rite* prirenuDcnd over buried hopes 
and dL*a|qi<iiuunenLs. rut Iter pndougiug an 
agony limt bn* ocaarel to lw poignant. 

There ta xn doubt whatever that Her- 
vard'a indignant withdrawal from Irugnes 
and iiMix-iutiona. though hasty and impel- 
turns at lire lime, has in a way worked to 
Ure advantage of college athlete* generally. 
Wlictlier the sorao cmi could tret ham laa>n 
gained hy other means is not lire pnrpoae to 
(IIhcuhs here; tlie fart remains Unit tire " late 
unpleatunttM-**. " unfortunate us it may have 
been, lias added new lustre to tire name of 
amateur. It i* time m>w, however, for Har- 
vard IB pot iisldc all bovldi idea- of WHlt 
ment, if there are any, and stand forth Isvldly 
on lire lilies die adviKnle* for the adviiiice 
ment ami puritkntion of xjsin. Hurv.vrd ol> 
yeet* to entering a league: very well, it Is not 
nocemury to «lo so in order to play Prince- 
ton. I'lierc are certain eMahlisbeil rule* In 
Ire followed Sn bMel.nl I and foot boll, and 
for the rest, the captains nf the team* would 
Ire equal to lire oecaaioo. So far as tire New 
Enghttid clause i* concerned, w« all knew at 
tire time that it wa« merely u blind, madh 
poarible by tbe fortuitous location nf tbe col- 
lege*. ami virtually acknowledged a* such by 
tire recent leglsUtiou in repaid to lire iiriileiie 
team Those of us (imt nave looked below 
lire surface of this college squalilil- Imvc Ire- 
licrrei Dial in Harvard'* Ireartof heart* there 
bus ls-en n strong desire to work for lire very 
l*-st IntcreM of Intercollegiate spo'rt. and a 
firm cMtvieilon that tbe best mran* had 
been employed to that end. This being the 
cone, let u* have a dearer demonstration of 
purpose. Nothing can 1*' acronvpi(*hcd for 
the benefit of college spurt by Mtanding. like 
a | it.jui-d child, Irehltnl lire door of the New 
Fnglaml clause, sucking a nvost distasteful 
thumb Pul usldc th- fisdish ruling. retnoiD 
out of league if you like, hut set about ar 
ranging fora series of Imse inllaml foot Imil 
matches with Princeton. Ibin't ta us hare 
any silly quibbling over (he question a* to 
wlretbor y<mr leant "IkhiIiI go to Princeton, 
or their Inane go to < uinhndge; your tiiisc - 
latll ami foot l*»ll tram Imth owe Princv-ton 
a return game ; they visited you last, and tliU 
U one point In college ethta on which it U 
(■ardoniilile to ilemami reengnitren. 

Txktxo Titr. rt ni.n korm of the haw l*all 
enndidates at Yale, Harvard, and PritreeUm 
a* a basis of argument, it look* very much a* 
though Prion ion would capture the cham- 
pionship of |»l Making prediction* tli it* 
early in Die *en«oo. however, is very much 
like MS’kiwg prrira* io the clerical grali liag 
of n donation party. You know you can 
depend on a few parcels of sonre value: so 

iamnll) I B the ttsudly nf gBPlwhwIl- 

«d bodies that make* virtue of nectsselty. you 


plncryour faith in Proridrnre and your luml 
In tbe le.ig.aiid dtaw out, — n blank. Priturtmi 
lei* nearly nil r>f last year's flue ream. Imt it 
must Ire remembered that Yah’, starting out 
in '(M) with n veteran nine nod a traded eonr ic 
tiou of mi easy victory, finally pulled out of 
defeat by tlie elo*e margin of one run. and that 
in the ninth inning. Prim-eton'* star players 
—Young. Brokaw, and Daua. three of the 
Hltxinipst iiwii iu col leg® haw- hall— are all 
hin-k nud at work. Young played remark- 
able bull, lending the rollege pitcher* at tlie 
(lose of the season, while llrokaw was a close 
■econd in the ranking of catcher*. Ht*tlirow 
log hi second should be improved, otherwise 
hi- i* all that can lio desires! (.'aptiiin Ikina 
ou Ural base is unequalled. 

Tiikothkhui.dhkx returned are Durellon 
second how. report* to the contrary uotwiili 
stand iuy and Hnickerbivckrrat siiott. Hot It 
these m*n filled llreir posts well last *ra*on, 
the latter making a chore tight for first him 
ora in Ills position. Durelt must improve in 
getting the hull r n Die runner mid iu his 
batliug. his fielding is itiKire the nver*g- 
Payne, aumirer veteran, will dll left. Tire 
m i»*iug players of lust year are With at 
third a tnl Mi .Milliin Bl left. There are 
twenty - oire candidate*, among whom are 
King the fonlliall half iinrk. mid ex Captain 
Pne of the eleven. Both uf llicm should 
make gixsl fielders and Inac nt finer*. It is 
in luue ruuuinff. hy Ure wav. that lire team 
iimi* tire greatrat ‘coaching: last year the 
balling average was excellent, hut the base 
getting poor Wright him! Drake, two new 
men, ure doing good work for field position*; 
aud the Humphrey brothers and Browne an: 
the probable substitute catchers, tlie Inttr r 
having filled that poiilUm Inst year, a* well 
a» playing in tire field, several lime* With 
nl! this veteran innlerUI us n foundation. 
Princeton should play aorae remurkaldy good 
ball tills year. It would not Ire pond file to 
make a do**i second for the pennant than 
U*t «en»oa. it must therefore be tire chaai- 
|douship or retrogression. 

Yalk's i. meat mu nr. a it i* the vacancy in 
the ptlclrer'a box mured by tbe fin*] depart- 
ure uf Stagg; and lu-rein is contained a Ijttle 
tretmou on tire inadvisability of depending *o 
absolutely nn any one man Stagg ha* ls-en 
Yale's idtcher, and a phenomena! career ire 
had time out of mind No «t»e ever (bought 
of attempting to try for the position, there 
wna not even a ftab rate subUitule, txmre 
qiiently, uow that lie bus left, there U a great 
casting alsiut for a Miccwaur. and none ires 
yet la f en found Dnlxctl, who was counted 
upon, will tret be able to pUy Of tire can- 
didate* for lire position, Bower* wan substi- 
tute last year, aud is an average man. a weak 
batter, and an indifferent bare runner, Case 
i* «n Andover man, where Ire pitched on the 
school team . he ha* speed, bill is raw . Evans, 
also from Andover, i* a promising candidate 
ami A good batsman . Tramhack, Kreshman, 
gets a good curve on the Imil. but lacks speed ; 
Warner, also Freshman, and dechtedly raw; 
Poole. ili»: greatest catcher on the amateur 
field, ami Calhoun fraptainl, who ranked a* 
lire U’M recond-lavrenian. are forth imt k. and 
Yale is conwqui'ntly happy. Tire former's 
deadly throw to aecood. and lire latter's bare- 
ninning and sliding, oismciI man v • point for 
their afmii mitts r last yenr. Juckson, sulnti- 
lutc i-atclrer. is iiImi liark, Imt he U a poor 
taller, and alow tare runner The other old 
men are Norman McClintock, who played 
for a while laM yenr. hut broke down; he is 
n good man. *tcady and reliable. Owsley.wlio 
filled third tare, ami is a fair runner. Inti a 
poor taller: Kurphcy. a fair player, and tin 
cinergetrer man hurt year, Cusuing. right 
field, a fair batter and fielder, and tire tart 
tasc runner on the nine} and McClung. who 
mode a larting fame m half tack on tlie 
eleven, and filled short creditably, batting 
fairly only. 

Amm.no the new CAXIMDATRB there seems 
to ta some excellent material, though it i* 
almost loo early to judge accurately. Dick- 
erman enptaitred l>h dm** tram: Kedxil. 
(terirgc H McClintock. ami Neary lure nil 
played on good nines, and appear ptiiinlsing. 
Thompson ami Stewart nrc liotli trying for 
McBride's ohl port— fir-f laire: the former is 
extremely raw and untried, while the latter 
eoutes from Chicago, where Ire played on 
some nniversily nine. He W a weak batter, 
nither henry, nud n fair player only. Ilef- 
fdfioger. tbe gigantic foot ball centre rusher, 
w nx talked of ns Irving for sutalitutr ealdu-r, 
a poritlon he Altai in '8». but the chance* are 
Ire will train for the crotv, and that will oc- 
cupy mort of his attention. Yale thinks her 
tare-tall proper** are not very encouraging, 
but a careful consideration of tlie rare rioiivi 
them to ta much tail* r than site think* In 
the first place, the material i* nil good, there 
are enough veterans to form a*truus nucleus 
and sternly tire nine an*l Die IWS M in tlie 
bund* of a very skilful idaver and thorough 
en plain. l'uqire*iionabfy tire nine t* weak in 
tbe box. hut it i* much loo early to lest lire 
eandiilatc*. and there i* no tdlltig what may 
be developed, tat yevr Yale'* great feature 
was ha*e running, the tailing talug oaly fair, 
ami the fielding good, there appear* to ta* 
little llMIbomi of tire batting being almrc 
the average this year. For lire first time in 
several year* there are few stars on the crew 
or nine, ami the experience of developing 
material will be beneficial. There has ta-eu 
strong evidence of dry rot iu the lust yrar 


179 


Harvard iusk-rali. PRO*t*Ecra will 1* 
Itandlcd ik-x! week. 

A RUXawat COSVXNTIojt properly Hiarac- 
tcri/A-* lire meeting of February Slid for Dil- 
orgHiil/Jitlotl of the Mriroixilinin AsaociatUHi 
of Die Amateur AtltlcDr l uluu. Each of the 
eighty one dubs in the district was entitled 
ta three delegate, — » mistake at (be outset, 
for a club had imt one rote, nud oire man 
could Imre curt It as Intelligently. The chan* 
that resulted from an ntieni|>t at (egislutiou 
by two hundred men. about one hundred and 
sevent y five of whom hud slight conception 
of llreir duties, may ta imagined. The fight 
of the night came, however, when Die elec- 
tion of ruemta-rs to the loeni Board nf Man- 
ager* wa* taken up. Now whether there was 
any truth in it or not, a majority of the dele 
gates to Hint meeting Were of lire belief tliat 
lire men who have been pnunineut iu tbe 
A. A l' would make un effort to control 
lire workings of Die r<N>rua(dM*d a**u< iali.m 
When, therefore, a motion was made for Die 
t 'hoiruinn to appoint a NomiBaling Commit 
tin* uf five, a c-rtsi» was at once precipitated: 
tire majority look the hit lit their teeth, and 
tafore they lialled had enlarged tire Hoard 
of Manager* to twenty fire iusft-ud of fifteen, 
ami rested the balance of iegialabve power 
in the bauds of inert who represented chili* 
that should never have been admitted to Die 
tmluii and wete little qualified to act. Con 
sidering tire rentimcui and inflammable hia 
lerial of Die majority, it wo* a great mistake 
to propose a nominating com mil lee of only 
five; it c-liangrd tbe impression that they 
might bo tailMored into a rooted conviction 
that surh was living done, and threw all idea 
of pawl vc legislation to the winds. 

W'ere au. the I'l.rns of the A. A. C use- 
ful nr even ora-vnieiitnl members of the atna- 
leur allilelic world tta cx tendon of tire timid 
to twenty-five would ta desirable. I'nfiw 
luunk-ly. however, tin* A. A. 17. OBOStHM 
on adtnlsrioiiH Ini- lind one rve shut during 
the greater part of It* admtlllrtnition. and 
consequently many cluh* that should have 
tarn left In outer 'darkuret bare been gath- 
ered into tbe fold. To givr nrgnnixaDoi** of 
this *ort » torsi In Die legislation uf amateur 
athletic* i» extremely farcicwl and decidedly 
hararvlouA. It l* greatly to be feared tlmt 
the temptation to excreta’ lire newly acquired 
jMiuer may lewd to some ■eriou* 'compile* 
tions. Wo have witne*rt>d the erratic doings, 
in tbe more serious walks of life, of Ibuw on 
whom the novelty of authority acted a* a 
pronounced and baneful stimulant, and it 
will ta curious If a rimilar exhibition of 
irrepressibility is not given by our lalcM 
Icgtriativc luminaries The most ominous 
siik of this question is whether the little 
reformation, that was la-ginning to work its 
way «l«w!y into athletics, will mu be un 
done. When it come* to the drlcgalr* of 
tire National, Hcuttwh-Anrerkan. West End. 
Btooklyu. Sylvan, American, Clinton. O. N. 
T.. Newark, and ottar tiuta of like nature. 
(Ninsidering llreex|*-ni-c problem, or the ques- 
tion of reducing prizes to twenty dollar tried 
als, i* any one for a moment in doulit na to 
lire dltvcil’in that will ta given the ruling .’ 
Men of this cltra* ate "out fur de Muff.'' ami 
have little consideration for tire future of 
aUiletics The A A. I’, in tin* section ha* 
thrown many dangeroul rocka into iu stream 
of events, ami it will require skilful pilotkbe. 
indeed, to avoid accident*. There are sense 
strung men in nur local imard. however, and 
—well, we stall -cc what we slmJl see. 

The PREHirnox ts this coi.cmx as to tbe 
proiinlik- result of the (vintest tat ween George 
D Pliillip*. N. Y. A. C.. aud I^iuis lluta-n 
stein, of Montreal, in the figure-skating chum 
pjoiiriilp, swtii, to have been about correct. 
Not withstanding tlie fact thnt RubsBrtetu 
showed great improveuteiit over last yenr'* 
form, skating stronger than at any Ilint ia 
his career— and lie li«* ta,-n competing since 
TO. and never taari-u for a cliiirnpionsliip — 
Phillips sucrreilrrl in equaling him in isiinta. 
Kuril *<«red wvenly dik- points, the til-1 tie 
in figure skating going buck to IU. A cu- 
riou* feature of the contest wa* tlie adrunced 
form of Dir men in one miotlu-r * especially 
strung field . Heretofore Phillip* has ol 
way* h-ad lbds-ii,l«'lii in the lirrt part of 
Die programme, in Die " roll*.'' "on to Itic-b- 
mnnd.' ctc . and wealtMwd in the Utter part. 
Itoili tad reiiiemtared tide, and practised 
du'i'ordtagly. The reMilt wa* a reversal of tta 
usual onlrr Titr improvement in figure 
skuliiig lias been considerable, notwlthslaud 
ing tin- many newspaper wailing* ui tta con 
tniry ; t W. llurr, who has judged contpeti- 
t|on« since 80. declared ufter tliis pontcM on 
February 23d tliat the old time champion* did 
not skate In such form, and neither Mend. 
Swift Itnidy. GimmJ. Fldier, nor Goodrich at 
their tart could have won thl* year. No- 
thing ha* I wen definitely Milled n't tbi* writ 
ing regarding the tic It I* too Inlr to find 
Ire to skate it off. mid the pTotabilltv I* tta 
Association will give two medals of equal 
value, with fact «if score ami tie inscribed un 
each. 

The nowPoairoR oavk rather nu amusing 
turn to my comment* two tone* tack on Die 
marriage of Jerry Black hy giving to Die 
bride's fnltar. K K t'lmreli. tire lunilaCuw: 
patliler. tta initial* of lael>rlar F. }* ( iigrcli 
whose drawing* of animal* ate well kuuwu 
to the readers of tta Whkai.T. 

Caspar W. Whitxev. 



HARPER'S WEEKLY 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 1T8S. 


the Homan arrh of the grundiooc. The Ro- 
man built neither hotel* nor newspaper of 
ficea, and waa. fortunately. indifferent to rent- 
al*. We cramp all entrance* became they 
do not ’ ' pay." aod portals of noble roo- 
•truction are only to bo found In stroctureu 
intended for pompous or glorious service* 

A» to tbu Interior decoration. then.' will be 
a One ilalrraae. with marbles and hrorixra. 
The ground for Uie New Netlierland was 
broken at the cloae of last year, and some 
time In the fall of 1892 the hotel will lie open 
ed for ffucata. 

On the other aide of Fifty ninth Street a 
hotel is being built by Judge I* Henry Pu- 
gre and Mr. F. Warner. The Ural story now 
■bows above the sidewalk. The hotel stand* 
on a 73' feet frontage on Fifth Avenue, and 
has a depth of 130 fret on Fifty-ninth Street. 
The architect, Mr. Halph 8. Townaend. I* 
constructing an edifice in the Italian Re- 
naiasance style. It ia to he built of brick, 
with an entire facing of Indiana limestone, 
which is a material of a light gray with a 
faint warmth of buff. On the Fifth Avenue 
front there will tie a handsome portico, with 
a width of 43 feet, supported by eight col- 
umn* of polished granite. The structure will 
Ik* of twelve atones, with basement and sul>- 
busemeut. and will contain 823 rooms. This 
hotel was commenced in the spring of 1890. 
and will lie finished some time in 1892. The 
interior of the house will be of marble, with 
mural decoration* in white and gold. In 
both houses the skelelon structure X* of roll 
ed iron and steel. Perhaps >4.000,000 would 
about cover the cost of building these two 


CHANGES OF CLIMATE 


LOVERS OF THE BEAUTIFUL 

fill b« pltased to Itam that s c.illwlhiii <g twenty 
< the Soest stride *vw» In Wlsrmislii and Mm ns- 


Till? TWO NEW HOTELS >8 THEY WILL STAND AT FIFTH AVRNTB AND FIFTT-XISTn STREET, NEW YORK. 

D«a«» ST Hcuawn U«WMr. 


TUB NEW HOTELS ON THE 
PLAZA, NEW YORK. 

Advasvauk of position, that Is the archi- 
tect's I mile with bis art. Unlike an Alex- 
ander. be cannot manu'Uvre for It. There In 
a fixed faetor. and he is owner of the lot, 
and master of tire situation. "Put tip my 
building here. Three nre my limits, ami I 
want my structure lofty, Imposing." He Is 
indifferent as to the narrowness of the street, 
mid so, following Ills Ik'ImmI. up goes the tow. 
ering edltlee, Would you see the pinnnele 
of it, take it all In. as It Mauds* Then your 
position would be such as to dislocate your 

Advantage of position is an architect's 
hit of good luck, and nowhere else in New 
York has It hern better afforded than at that 
locality on Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth 
Street where spreads out tire Central Psrk 
Plajta. 

Wbere Fifty-ninth Street enters Fifth Av- 
enue. to lire right and left of It. there have 
lieon for many a year two kits, not exactly 
without structure* on them, tail tire build- 
ing* were of a sorry kind. Tlre*c were beer- 
house*. serving lo quench Hie thirst of those 
going nnd coming to nml from Central Farit. 
A numbeT of year* ago the master thief of 
city corporations had devised some grand 
plan of a caravansary of mammoth propor- 
tions. which was to cover tire wbo'r block hr- 
twren Fifty-eighth and Fifty ninth street*, 
and a commencement had been mode. Adja- 
cent to the HU|icrh entrance to Central Park 


such stnictiirea were eyesore*. Everybody 
kuew. however, that they were hut temporary 
hlemislres on the face of this fine plaza. Now 
they are no more, for two su peril hotel* are 
in process of erection, as show n by the illus- 
tration*. 

Tire building to the left of Fifty ninth 
Street, with It* frontage on Fifth Avenue, is 
lire hotel to Ik? known ns the New Nether- 
land, lo be built by Mr. William Waldorf 
Astor. Today steam -drills are necking 
away at the rock, ami within ten days (lie 
foundations will ia* put In place.* The 
building will hnve n frontage of 100 feel ou 
Fifth Avenue, with a depth of 123 feet on 
Fifty niulU Street The hotel is lo Ire of 
seventeen stories, and lielow tire street level 
there will Ik- cellar anil suhcellnr. 

The mechanism of the modern liotel is 
complex It hear* a certain semblance to n 
fnrtory. Catering to tire many requirements 
of those who are to live in the :170 guest- 
chamlrer* of the New Netlierland. It I* a nice 
calculation to II list out what is the exact 
numerical force of those whore buslirew It 
l« to care for the paving occupants. In this 
hotel, rellnr, basement, first, second, ami the 
seventeenth stories are wliat are designated 
ns •' the working slorle«"of lire house. The 
nicety of appreciation on the part of an ar- 
chitect who innk«* tlie interior plan* of the 
hotel of to day must lie apparent. Many 
diverse problems must be wived. It may tie 
bouse keeping on a grandiiHic wale, subject- 
ed to die same rules, only It I* the expanalou 
of them all which increase* the difflcullioa. 


Ventilation! Why. the fussiest people, not 
the leva sensible a* far as pure air Is concern- 
ed. are throe who. taking rooms in a hotel, 
notwithstanding the elegance of th« table, 
pack up their baggage nnd quit in high dud 
geo ti ou the susplclou that a room or a hall 
has a Huffy or musty odor. To give priva- 
cy. with hundreds of people in a house, 
seem paradoxical. Everything must he ac- 
ccwiblc. A single dark room breed* vermin, 
mid all hotels have lire Croton hugs they de- 
serve. In the economic and social condi- 
tions, if nn arrliitecl has ntrte Mane Ae to do 
as he will, as is suppoMble in tire care of the 
New Netherland, nothing lea* than perfec- 
tion is aimed at. 

The building follown the Iloraanraqire. 
Tire flrat four stories are of Belleville brown- 
stone. From the fifth to the twelfth story 
the supe-rxtnictun! will he of huff lwlck. 
Tire next story, to the balcony, will lie stone- 
faced, and tire four uppermost ones will fol- 
low lire slnnt of the roof. What tire archi- 
tect - Mr William H. lluine— has tried to do. 
the height of Ills edifice being so much in ex- 
cess of the larae, i* lo break the great u|* 
stretcli’Of tire building by accun ton ting tire 
horizontal details . nnd where the skill nima 
In Is to accomplish ibl* without shock. Mr 
Hume has the advantage of knowing fairir 
well wimt will be tire effectiveness of bk» 
building, because, with lire width of the 
plaza before him. be Is not at work In the 
dnrk. The Homan arclu* are on the Fiflli 
Avenue facade . A word might Ire mid about 
Homan arrhc*. Modern necraaity skimps 


MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOTH1NO HYRIH* 
has been used Sir n*er Elly jesrs by millions at 
■ushers f.w Ihslr rlilldrsn « hits Cmlfelng. ■'.Ill fart fel 


FDBUC SPEAK BUS AND MNtJBHS 
■t f«»r nf Inisry. ss ihev cowl r In not • tug Ifclnrtons 


■ ■•nTon.rllerriit'ly clewrlllg 

tr*. Ask for sail obtain 
miss.* me. « b-x.— {Adr.] 


Wins tabs was slrk, »» a 
Wbta she s ivm, sii 
When she hottas* Miss, *1 
When she lisd Children. s* 


BROWN* HOUSEHOLD PANACEA. 

“THE GREAT PAIN RELIEVER." can* 
Cramp* txdlf, colds; sllpsli*. X* as. s toitlr.— JAde ) 


ihaAMomu times* heliwv moils. | 


Tss Best Worm I/reenyis for CMMren tic Brown's 
Vmtilags ComSls. lie- a box.— {Ads.] 

Brssrn's Futvouso Exthaois are liirsrUhly K- 
knowtsdgiM the prowl rad hee*.— M«* ) 




zed by Google 


Digiti; 



182 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


volume xxxv, no. itw 


Boswell’s Johnson. 

Boswell's Life of Johnson, including Boswell's 
Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, and Johnson’s 
Diary of a Journey into North Wales. Edited by 
Glort.k Birkbeck Hill. D.C.L-, Pembroke Col- 
lege, Oxford. With many Portraits, Views, Fac- 
similes. See. Six Volumes, 8vo, Cloth, Uncut Edges 
and Gilt Tops, fro oo. 

Edit ft de luxe. Six Volumes, I.arge 8vo, Half Lea- 
ther. Uncut Edges and Gilt Tops, $30 00. 

Dr. Birkbeck Hill's edition of Bestcell may perhaps 
be regarded as the meat scholarly, painstaking, liberal- 
minded fair, and complete that has jet been published. It 
is honest work throughout, and careful and loving work, 
and st is informed by a sanity and ripeness of Judgment, 
and illustrated by au extent of information, which must 
place and keep it in the front rank. — N. V. Tribune. 

This great work has now reached a form which may 
be considered definitive and final. — Is every way the 
best edition ever published . — X. V. Mail and Express. 

Published nv HARPER & BROTHERS. N. Y. 

nr n# 4*W ■*■'! mitl Sr iml Sy mart, ftoaft ftt/tiO. It omf f*rt 
t/lkt t St.K/1. tiuli tr ibnt. tm vt.fU tUAt ftur. 

No. 1 ? 8 A. 

Harpers weekly. 

with cover. Aim srrn.itwit.vr COVTAIHtmi 
AN ARTICLE ox THOSE Wllu WORKED FOR THE 
famau r of tub copTRinirr bill, and prr- 
TI'RKA OF T1IK rOBMIDOR OF TIIK IIOIISE OF 
MKi'HKSKXTATIVM. AND A CONCERT OF TIIK 
LIEDBKKRANZ AOCIETT. 

TKBBHt 10 IK.XTS A l»ri.-tl M k TP IK. IS A OTA SCR. 

SubatriySiatm may Aryru vtM uuf Xu ttxArr 


BALANCING THE REFORM ACCOUNT. 

V S Congress adjourns at tin close of two ye»re of 
complete Republican control of tbo government, 
it is a timely question bow far the promise of the 
Republican platform of IS*8 bus lieen fuiniled. that 
reform in the civil service should lie extended to ev 
err guide of the service to w hich it is applicable, and 
that the spirit and purpose of reform should lie ob- 
served in ull Executive np|H>intiiienU. I>*t us see 
wlial lias been done. The I’restduut appointed an 
admirable coinmisaioii, and there is no question that 
the law has been in general faithfully executed, so 
that, as Com mission i- r Roobevilt says, within the 
classified service in the departmeiita at Washington 
removals for political renaons have practically ceased. 
The commission also, by its fair nrlmn and intelli- 
gent explanation, has Buccocded in interesting the 
Knutliern Staten in the reform, so tliut for the find 
time llie quota* of those State* in the departments 
arc filled with aWdute disregurd of political sympa- 
thies. Besides these good results, the House Com- 
mittee on Civil Service Reform brought in a report 
at the lust moment of iho amnion, stating that the 
law has liecn. On the whole, rxe-ctitcd to the great 
benefl t of tha public service; and to make it still more 
effective, recommending the reconstruction of (lie 
commission, with a chief commissioner and a first 
nnd second deputy, inquiring of appointing olllcers a 
satisfactory reason for not selecting from the three 
nitnir* standing highest on the eligible list, and fur- 
nishing to every person removed n written statement 
of the reason of his removal. The report, of course, 
is of no weight in tiro next Congress, But it is very 
significant as the view of the majority of a commit- 
tee composed of eminent member* of the Republican 
party, with Mr. John F. A shrew, a Massachusetts 
Democrat. 

This is a fuir statement of the progress thus far 
accoiii pi ishrd under this administration. The other 
side of tlie account, however, is much les* pleasant. 
Despite the platform and his |terxoual pledge, the 
President, bv refusing to renp|M>inL lias practically 
removed the three postmasters, m New York, Brook- 
lyn, ami Boston respectively. who were ud milled to 
be the liest in the country, and who administered 
their trusts without purl hem or political considera- 
tions. By the Postmaster General, w ho was appoint 
ed tinder notorious cirvuinsiunccs. the postal service 
at large, the largest patronage department. lias been 
made mere spoils. The Republican Senator Plumb 
has sought indirectly to overthrow the reformed sys- 
tem, and tin: Republican House showed 1>y its vote 
in committee it* antipathy !n reform, while it* re- 
fiisal to concur iu the action of the Senate defeated 
the increased force nnd aid which the commission 


asked as essential to the proper discharge of its du- 
ties. This |MMitive hostile legislative action is to he 
s<*t against the honorable labors of the commission, 
the hnnesl observance of the existing law. ami the 
favorable but ineffective opinions of the House (,'uiii- 
millee. No .honest Republican, who contrasts this 
nriunl performance of two years with tlie engage- 
ments nf the platform and the pledges of the Presi- 
dent, will deny that a vote given to Mr Harrison in 
1888 on the ground of thus* promises and pledges 
was a vote obtained under false pretences. No such 
Republican can deny that whatever the ahortoom- 
ing* of Mr Cleveland in regard to reform in the 
civil service, they did not involve such treachery 
and falsehood os those of the Republican administra- 
tion thus far. 

Tim actual service of the last two years to reform 
is really summed up in the fidelity of the commis- 
sion. But there is no allegation that under the 
Cleveland administration the commission was not 
equally faithful. Republicans who adhered to the 
party in 1884 as the only party under which reform 
whs |MMaihle, and who believed the party declaration 
of IWMS that its reform pledges would not he broken, 
cannot longer assume that the advancement of civil 
service rrfnnr is a renaon for still adhering to the 
party. But while this i* true, no friend of reform 
need lie discouraged. It is impossible nut to see. as 
the njmrt of the House committee indicate*, that the 
demand for reform is constantly stronger. Public 
opiniou is more and more imperative. Indiana, the 
‘•dark nml bloody grmind " of floaters and blocks of 
five, furnishes an extraordinary illustration of this 
fact. The hill to apply reform principle* to the 
management of charitable institution* in that Stale 
ha* just boon defeated in the Legislature. But the 
Indianapolis Sentinel, the lending Democratic paper 
in Indiana, rebuke* its party friends in the most un- 
compromising manner: 

“The Democratic Senator* who voted against Senator 
Maukk'* excoHeat l»il cnmmitnd an act of political folly so 
gi ns* a* to be almost criaiitial. The defeat of Ibis measure 
will cast tlie Demoerstir party thousand* of votes si future 
election*. No pnrty ran hope to hold it* own in thl* State 
which deliberately sets Itself OgnlttM llie moral sentiment of 
the people. which plant* Itself aero** the pathway of prngrnw 
and reform, which obstruct* measure* that every rouMilcra- 
thm of humanity, decency. and roinmun justice demands.” 

President Harrison may profitably (Minder these 
word* of the leading Democratic pn]>er in hi* own 
State, and their illustration of changing public senti- 
ment is most striking and Miggrelirc. 

DEMOCRACY IN MASSACHUSETTS. 

An interesting aeries of interviews with the leader* 
of the Democratic party in Masftnchunelt* w«a recent- 
ly published ill the iVorht. (iovernor RlsHKtXs 
Messiw. Gkokok Fbedrrd'K Williams and Bukh- 
man Hoar. Representatives in Congress, Mr. II. H. 
Pratt. District Attorney, and Mr. JontAII Ql'IKiY. 
Secretary of the Democratic Slate Committee, gave 
their view* of the remarkable renewal of the Demo- 
cratic party in the old Bay Stale. It is one of the 
mint notable ami significant political event* of the 
time, for MasaarlniseU* hail long Ik-cii the leading 
and typical Republican 8tate. in whieb the Demo- 
cratic party wax represented chiefly by a few discou- 
tciited old Whig* and a group of Bonrbou*. The 
Democratic nomination of Mr. Charlem Francis 
Adams nnd of Mr. John F. Andrew for Governor, 
nnd the election of Mr. GahTON and of General But- 
ler, allowed in different ways a certain movement of 
life iu tlie party. But it was llie mugwump bolt of 
1WH4 which was the spring of tlie movement which 
carried the State at the late election. 

The present representative lender* of the Demo- 
cratic party in Massachusetts art- chiefly of Repub- 
lican antecedents. They am generally young men. 
men of education, high character, and ability, and of 
well-known families, of strong conviction* and pub- 
lic spirit, mid of political courage. Tliey are of the 
joint MIhm epoch, and a* they grew up tliey found 
that |iartir* were still based theoretically on mite 
bellu m issues and feelings, hut were practically de- 
voted to pcraniiul or commercial interests. These 
men. however, with tho old Republican spirit in 
which they were lircd, were interesli-d in living and 
progressive politics and the question* of to-day. 
They were generally revenue reformers and civil 
service reformers. Tliey held to principle in pol- 
ilica and to honest government, and were essentially 
democrats, not in a traditional party sense. hut a* 
really trusting the great body of the |K-ople, and 
holding the original Democratic view of the limited 
function of government. The Republican nomina- 
tion of 1§9*4 brought (Item at once into political ac- 
tivity a* mugwump*, ami the personality of Mr. 
Ui.kvki.and ami hi* tariff reform inc**age confirmed 
their aejiaration from the Republican party. After 
that, a* min of their number said. " it was easier to 
take piKM-7s*ioii of the Democratic organization than 
to form a new party." 

This is what has been douc. But tlie lead*- is re- 


tain their independence. None of them, except Gov- 
ernor HckhELL. who win born u Democrat, appeal 
to tin- Democratic trndiliou*. with which they do uul 
*ym|Mtiii*f. because tlu-y uie the truditinus of the 
ascendency of the slave power. But day before yes- 
terday being past ami itx issue* disposed of. on the 
question which, in the judgment of these leader*, lias 
taken tlm place of slavery, the question of tariff re- 
form. they are opposed to the Republican party, and 
find Mr. Cleveland to In* the chief representative of 
their view*. They arc therefore Democrat* of to- 
day, and they believe that in lln-ir sense MasoHchu- 
setts is practically n Democratic Slate. Tliey think 
that the sound judgment of that Slate does not ap- 
prove the force bill, the McKinley tariff, the ex 
travagaut pensions, the alliance of the government 
with special private interests, the arbitrary regula- 
tion of delaite in Congress, nnd the general drift of 
the Republican party. On the other bund, tliey 
would probably not accept a Democracy of which 
Governor Him. is a repreaen (alive, nor would they 
expect Massachusetts to do so. Evidence that Mr. 
Cleveland was not the representative of Democracy 
would undoubtedly serin to Uiem to show that llu» 
triumph of Democracy, as they understand it, was 
postponed. Certainly the larger part of them would 
not support a free silver party, nor a party hostile to 
civil service reform. Their position shows how gen- 
erally the Republican party lias lout the confidence 
of thought fill, conscientious, and public-spirited 
young Americans, nnd what u (lowerful force they 
are fur honest politic*, and for essential, not partisan, 
democratic principles. 

THE INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT BILL. 

We an- very glad to have been mistaken in sup- 
posing that the Senate's amendments would prevent 
the (uiNuige of the copyright bill. At the last mo- 
ment the Senate receded from it* own action, the 
Sherman nnd I no ai.i.h amendment* were abandoned, 
and the hill (msaml hy a vote of 27 to 19. It is a 
compromise hill, permitting the importation of two 
copies of a copy righted foreign book upon paying the 
duly, and the iui|Hirtation of foreign periodicals and 
newspaper* if free from copyrighted mailer. Mr. 
Sherman ai-gm-d that the hill as proposed would give 
an nlwniule mmnq.sily to the publisher, a provision 
for which he could not vote, But Mr. Sherman 
seemed to forget that the object of ^.copyright law is 
to secure tlie author'* control for a time of hisowu 
property, and that the publisher can enjoy only such 
right* ns he may derive from l^ie author. 

The Preoideot promptly signed the bill, and for 
the first time its principle 1* acknowledged in our 
legislation. I Vortical defect* iu the measure cun In- 
corrected a* they appear, and a long reproach will be 
removed from the national name. Those who cun 
tend so strenuously that uu international copyright 
undcmlnuding is in some annse u 11 -American a* op- 
posed to American cheap residing, have not reflected 
Unit tlm want nf sitehau understanding tends to make 
American reading English and foreign, and to make 
our literary influence* and training un-American 

The basis of the hill i* .simply the fair play which 
i* not left* dear to American* than to Englishmen. 
Whatever the argument for copyright, it i* applica- 
ble to the general provisions of this bill, which rec- 
ngrtxes a right and fosters a public lienefit. Its pas- 
sage is the conclusion of a long nnd what ha* often 
seemed a Itopelem effort But the members of Con- 
gress who voted for the bill have llie .satisfaction of 
knowing that ii*. principle lm» been warmly advocated 
by tlie most eminent American statesmen, and i» ap- 
proved by the most intelligent American opinion. It 
i* not probable that any tack want step will la- taken 
in the legislation which lias xceuri-d the result, and if 
tlie course of the Fifty-first Congress has left much 
to be desired, the {Manage of the international copy- 
right bill will be mentioned to its honor. 


A GALLERY OF CASTS. 

IV I* many a year since the Knsjr Cluiir nf ItAnPER's 
M ia.uim: plt-iuleil for a gallery rif cn»l* in New York a* an 
atiject well worthy the coiisRIcriilion of '• intending" tnnai- 
«-i|M«l t*'iicfiiLlon>. Thu iiobli- Metropolitan Museum nf Art 
did not llie- exist But It I* now odd of the great ioMitu 
lino* of 1l city nnd the country. But It generously ar 
knowledge* ttat in cun- ■ **runnl department of such nn iu 
Mil ill ion ilia Museum of Fine Arts in BoMon excels It. hav- 
ing a sculpiurnl collection superior in amuigeriM-nt nnd se- 
lection to any other in the country. 

It is tlie happy fortune of any such miurum that, if it 
have the means, it rim poMrsa perfect reproduction* of nil 
tlw fnmoii* «~Ml|'lurf* in the world. Tliat is not true nf the 
grunt picture*. ticrnu*u copies of (minting*, however excel 
Iml. cannot do more than emulate nnd suggest the originals. 
But the subtle gnior of form i* ns sure in the cast a* iu the 
Maine. There i*. indeed, no reproduction In art so complete 
ns that of the east, ami no great city ought to be content 
until it enables its citixens to ms- and study within its uwu 
domain all tlie great Work* of sculpture in form ns perfect 
ns tlw original*. 

To provide stick a collection for New York, in addition 
to that which the Metropolitan Museum already owls, forty 


183 


siV BCH u > issi. 

***** J f *Uar# have twen already subscribed. and sixty 
itottlM*®® are seeded. The trustee* (if Ibe Museum, 

c»p«3ttll(y ft, President, Mr. Maiu(L AND, have been mu. 
r|Ac*bI donr.ru Ui ji, superb collections. But Ibe city can- 
nut expect that it few citizens, however generous, can alone 
furnish a museum of art worthy of the great metropolis. It 
should represent the general interest nnd sympathy, nnd 
while Benton mid Paris and London are enriching ami com- 
pitting tbeir galleries. New York ought not to lie willing I* 
lag in the rear of a noble emulation. 


THE BROKEN HARP OP TARA. 

Mk. Darnell him postponed indefinitely the kiicCci* of 
tbe home-rule movement. The worst enemy of Ireland could 
not hare dealt her a fouler blow. He lias succeeded in di- 
viding Iter friend* into two nngry faction*, nud iu milking 
their future union extremely remote. That no (oily klioiild 
be wanting, he is now hinting lit complete Irish reparation 
nnd independence, mid spares iso gilie at the one man w ho 
represents the English alliance without which Irish home- 
rule I* for the present ImpoaMhle. 

It Is now tinted that nothing will he attempted in Parlia- 
ment at tills session, and that both factions will send agent* 
to this country and to Australia to raise money to carry ou 
their campaigns. This is a sorry prospect, and it is Dot sur- 
prising that at the same time it is surmised that the Liberal 
programme in Psriinmenl will be revised. As the whole 
trouble lias arisen from tbe selfishness and personal conduct 
of ParXBU. himself, there is a grim humor in Ills remark in 
hi* latest speeches that Irishmen would not allow his oppo- 
nents to degrade tiie public platform by striking iwbtw the 
belt; that hi* opponents would bu to blame if the contest 
were t»o« (might out upon "dignified lines"; nnd if hi* oppo- 
nents outraged llte sens* of the people by going outside I lie 
limit* of decency, their conduct would lie resented. 

The sudden disappearance of the hope of nenat for Ire- 
land. and the miiuner of it. are another illustration of the 
fate dial seems to mock that unhappy country. Ireland has 
brro constantly tbe victim of Irish Ireuchcry. But never 
before, although some of the great Irish lenders have been 
templed, has one of them deliberately sacrificed the pros- 
pect* of hi* country. No historian of these days can avoid 
holding Parnell responsible for tbe blow that falls upon 
Ireland when her victory was nearer than ever before. 


THE GERMAN EMPRESS IN PARIS. 

The result of the Empress Frederick's visit to Paris 
ought not to be surprising. The statue of Strasbourg. we 
believe. I* still huog with ftmcrftl wreaths, and hatred of 
Germany and Germans is a passion w ith a certain clna* of 
Frenchmen.** it was with the Indians forty year* ago. The 
Tedwchi were then wakuitt/i, ami with reason The humil- 
iation of France by Germany furnislir* an exciting appeal 
to demagogue* like BoYLANURM and Rmtietomt. and with 
a good cry such leader* are always aide to arouse tin- mob 
of Pari*; a mob of which there is a linking terror, a* if it 
might at any momcDt overthrow the government. 

Iu power, or the apprehension that it inspire*, which is 
the siuwe thing, is shown by the resolution of the Prettch 
painters uot to exhibit their works in Berlin. Whether the 
resolution was dire to their hostile feeling, or only to their 
fear of those who cherish a hostile feeling, it equally served 
to thpw tiie situation. The peace is formal, ami the German 
Emperor may well consider whether Use sliuatuxi is one 
that favor* disarmament of any kind. Tire condui t of the 
French government, however, during tbe Empress's visit 
was perfectly friendly. Tbe lone of the pres* it could not 
command. The crowds in the streets it could deal with 
only when they should become threatening; and it made am- 
ple provision for the personal protection of the Em press, 

Tiie government, therefore, was uriihrr wrnk nor re alias. 
Hut the ability of such political cheap Jacks as Hort.AXnKR 
ami Roche poky to imperil tbe pence of Europe disclose* 
the actual feeling nnd the doubtful situation. It shows, 
also. Ihat neither the French Minister in Germany nor the 
German Minister In France accurately com jrrehended French 
•emlmcat. Tl.e Emperor Is tint until) angry that he should 
have ex pored his mother to insult. But. on the other hand, 
he cannot lie sorry to have tested French popular feeling, 
and to I lave learned that the emliers under the ashes are still 
gluwing. 

“WOMAN’S WORK IN AMERICA.” 

Tnra is the title of a volume just issued by Hemiy Holt 
& Co , under the editorship of Mrs. Annie Nathan Meyer, 
which tire reader will And to be a very valuable cbnpter iu 
Anwrican history not elsewhere to be ImmmI. It whs Mgs 
(tested by Mr. 1'ltKotHiHE Hr ANTON* The H'nwir« Quettion 
in Evrojtr, and Sir*. SIeyeh at once secured '.be co-opera- 
lion of womeu in America who were especially ..lied to treat 
the various aspects of the subject. 

With the brief introduction by Sint. Jri.tA Ward Howe, 
Ibcre are eighteen papers. First, the education of women 
in tire Eastern, Western, nrtd twin them Stale* l* historically 
considered by Mary F. Eastman, M\y Wimuht Hkwall, 
urn! Christine Ladd Franklin. Woman in the sure, in 
profession*. In Industry, ami in various form* of philan- 
thropy. i« the subject of tbe other papers. Tiiat among 
their authors are Dr. Mart Pctnam Jacobi, Mrs. Liver- 
more, Mrs. Lowell. Mrs Cheney. Mrs. Willard, aud 
MU* Clara Barton is evidence both of ibe Allies* of Mrs. 
Metre » choice of writers and of tbe character and value 
of the contributions. 

The variety of oecopntloDB in which women are now’ en- 
gaged. and the ability aud earned news of their service, will 
he tarprising to tiioae who have a fueling of lfl) patience with 
any suggestion of such activity, us If it must necessarily In- 
toIv* »me sacrifice of womanly character aod r«4uemcst. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 

There is undoubtedly some dispoaition upon the part of wo- 
men to overestimate small achievement, and to judgr it not 
*n much by It* intrinsic merit os by the ocx of the person 
Concerned. But perhaps this kind of orerestimaiiou is not 
pecofiar to women, and the standard of judgmeut always 
take* account of tiie want of practice. The general effect 
of the voiumu will be to dignify wbnt is vaguely cal loll tlwi 
woman question. and to induce its more serious treat mem 
by the itripuiieni critic* of whom we have spoken. Tbe 
work i* in itself a striking illustration of the movement 
which it commemorates. It is at once very interesting and 
very instructive. 

A STATUS AND A PORTRAIT OF SHERMAN. 

Ax equestrian statue of General Sum man is proposed, 
and the feeling for him is *o personally affectionate ami 
admiring that tire proposition may be more fortunate tlinu 
some others of tbe klud have bet*. Meanwhile Mr Wil- 
liam E. Marshall, whose portraits of Lincoln and Grant 
are familiar, has palmed for Mr. Elkins, we believe, u por- 
trait of General Sherman which is very satisfactory, ami 
he hag repealed it for Another order. It U a half-length or 
more, representing tire General in bi* uniform, the expres- 
sion of tire face aud llgurr is alert, vigorous, and sagacious, 
and it u a very striking likcnes*. No flgure of the war is 
more universally familiar than .Sherman's, and hi* lace will 
become better known prububty than tiiat of any of tbe Rev- 
■ ■I ut binary soldiers except tire Commander In -chief. If a 
statue Is to be erected, and he is certainly worthy of that 
honor, it is to be hoped that tire Mihacriptlnn will not languish, 
and that tire work will be unveiled anil dedicated while the 
memory of tire soldier is still (rath and hi* friend* ami com. 
rndes are still living. 


“MOST EXPENSIVE, MOST INEFFICIENT, 
MOST CORRUPT.” 

Dr. Jr tnt & Billing*, of the army, who is well known 
a* one of tiie most eminent autnnrititw upon sanitary science, 
iu a recent paper read in Philadelphia to the Academy of 
Political and Social Science. allude* to ex President Axtrlixw 
P White s remark that “ with Tew exceptions the city gov- 
ernments in the Culled Stale* are tire worst in Christendom 
—tire rooet expensive, tire most inefficient, nnd the most cor- 
rupt." Dr. Billing* says tiiat It is a strong statement, hut 
tiiat it is true of several of the largest cities in the country 
so fnr as municipal engineering work Is concerned. 

But Ire adds tiiat it does not apply to tire city of Wash- 
ington, where to hi, personal knowledge tbe engineering 
work on streets nnd sewer* lias been good and economical. 
There is, li« says, do city In the world which has n 1cm 
costly system of municipal administration in proportion to 
tiie work done. Tire money collected from tire tax-payers 
is expended for the improvement ami benefit of the city 
with tire kwH potnible deduction for tbe Ireiietit of officials. 
Yet lire city of Washington is Ui« only city in the country 
which is governed without regard to American principle*. 
Ils (UaRR have no votes for any office, national, Stole, or 
municipal. They are tnxed without direct representation, 
and they are governed by three commissioners selected by 
the President. 

Washington is tbe conclusive illustration of the force of 
the allegation of President White, and of other Intelligent 
students of lire problem which Iras thus far baffled us. that 
a city sbould out be regarded ns a political body, but as a 
great business corporation. Dr. Billing* says ihat Wash- 
ington l» »1*« «oly cily in Ibe country which is thus regarded, 
nnd tire result i* that it is the best and most economically 
governed city in the country. It is not accessary to plot* 
New York under a commlation to secure that result, but it 
Is probably necessary to enforce the same principle, which 
is lire object of the Municipal League. 


ROADS AND ROAD-MAKINO. 

Whether Governor Hill resign* or retain* the Gov- 
ernorship. there Is erne act of his administration which will 
be regarded with favor by good cittern* of all parlies. It 
is hi* interest in rood making, and hi* urgent rocuinuiriula- 
tinu that tire State of New York take action to secure rood* 
worthy of her greatness and prosperity. A State Road* 
Improvement Association has Iwcn funned, and ita tlr*t an- 
nual meeting, recently held at Syracuse. wa» largely attended, 
ami Henuliir Kiciiaedson, or Orange County, explained Ibe 
bill which bus been introduced In tbe Legislature and bears 
his name. 

Mr. Richardson* argument was addressed mainly to the 
fanners. Be cited statistics to show that the farmers |»y 
only about eight per cent of the Slate tax. He would have 
the labor of criminal* paupera. and tramps utilized upon 
tire roads, aud about sixty miles of rrwd In nu-li county 
Iwiilt by the Stale. One good road running through every 
county in the State would stimulate a local enthusiasm in 
the construction of roads which would noon give every 
county n satisfactory system. 

It is obvious that no class of the rnmmunltv is more vi- 
tally interested in road* thnn tiM farmer* and all industries 
which require heavy teaming, No public work* enhance 
the reputation, and consequently tiie prosperity, of a oeigh- 
borh<N*l so promptly and «. largely a* good roads Tlicy 
are the fir.l necessity of clvilUstion. nnd the surest signs of 
its advance. Good roads, good schools, and good government 
are closely related, and the proof of saving public spirit in 
any community is ita willingness to nuke its local commu 
u lent ion a* convenient and easy as possible- There U no 
surer sign of intelligence in such a community than the 
resolution tiiat Ha local taxes, which are largely dcvolcd to 
road making, shall be spent only by men who understand 
that good roads are not made by ignorance and cnrelcuoese, 
but by intelligence and experience. 


PERSONAL. 

Hubert Grant, the Ro*r<in lawyer and writer, is thirty- 
nine year* old, and bs* a delightful homo on Common wealth 
Avenue. Ilia Inw business confine* him mi cloaely that bn 
has little time fi»r literary work, although be trie* to devote 
an hour of each day to w riling. 

— Almost fabulous report* come from Asheville-, North 
Carolina, with rcganl to the work which is being done by 
Gkihiuk Vanderbilt on his estate near there. Tiie iuU«. 
rol lieautim of the plate are being euhaneesl by every nrti- 
licial e fleet that money ran buy. nnd tho |4hO,OtMt already 
spent on llte mini, urn and ground* is said to be only a part 
of (lie proposed outlay. 

— The Mary Washington Monument Association of Fred- 
erickabiirg, Virginia, him conveyed to the national aaaoeia- 
tion at Washington the deed of the lots containing the 
grave nud unfinished iin<uitmeiit of Mary, the mother of 
Washington, and the larger aoeioty is to eomjdete tha 
work of erecting a suitable memorial over tlm grave, Mrs. 
Amelia C-Waitr, widow of tiie late Chief Justice, is pre- 
sident of the national association. Mm. E. 1'. Tkkiivnk 
(M arion Harlnml i, of Brooklyn, who has been prominent iu 
the uiovcmrul for the building of n nionnnieut. and is on* 
of tho tire-president* of the Society for the I'leser ration of 
Virginia Antiquities, will soon address the national anno- 
nation on Mart, the mother of Washington. It is hoped 
that over |HO,ON may he raised for the monument. 

—The recent marriage «f JUOOI High, ||u favorite 
granddanghtar of Victor llL'Go, to L*ott Daidkt, in Pari*, 
was made n great Micial event. Many people prominent 
in politics, literature, and Hie art* and sciences ware prv 
oei.t- There was no religion* roremony. the Mayor of tbe 
dUlriet oflieiating aud reading a poem by Victor Ht'oo, 
w bile JUI.E* &IMOX made un address. 

— Lord GkiMrttuiii'E, England's uohla rlock-rnaker, haa 
just rompleted a clock for tbe post-office of Sydney, New 
ffoutli Wales, which is said to be the largest timepiece that 
has over been sent from England. 

— Tbo prix* offered by the Inebriate*' Home at Fort 
Hamilton, New York, for the brat cmajt on the rare and cure 
of drunkards, ha* been awarded to Profenanr iTr.KMt Fran- 
Hcai.sk, of Hiurti, Holland, uii eminent pathologist aud 

naierosrapist, 

— Philh- A- White, a colored millionaire, who died in 
Brooklyn the oilier day, nude hi* money by compounding 
anil selling drug* in New York City. He eatahlislied him- 
self in the "Swamp' 1 half a century ago, nud during tho 
early days of the war, when others of Ins rare sntfhred In- 
dignities from the moh, his stole escaped assault, fur lie waa 
known us a friend and benefactor of the poor. Dr. Wmjtk, 
ns he nn» called, waa well educated and hud a flue private 
library. 

— There is talk in Philadelphia of removing tlic remain* 
of Rkxiamin PRAXKUN and his wire from the old and 
neglected cemetery at Fifth and Arch streets, and placing 
l Item iu a granite sarvuphagits in tlio City Hall. 

— lit a three-column review of Sir. Theodore Child's 
H outh-American artiries, now runiiiug in Harpkic'b Maga- 
zine. Lr Figaro, of February 14tl., say* that this writer, 

" impressions, taken from the life, give a mnch tract con- 
ception of Spanish America tl an the elegant pnlacea of 
iron and gtess exprewiy designed to daxxle the eye* of 
Kttro|M< gathered at the Champ do Mara to odiairo tbe Ex- 
poailiou of 11*0." 

—Walter M. Airman, whose work as a wood-engraver 
l* familiar to tbe readen of HAMPER'S periodical*, nos 
recently the honored recipient of u bronze medal from Hie 
directors of lire Paris Exposition of lfVtfl, awarded in token 
of the excellent character of bis productions exhibited tliere 
under the anspices of ilm American Society of Wood-En- 
graver*. This is high distinction for a young art isl. and la 
especially worthy of appreciation from the fact that only 
four other American engraver* achieved similar honor. Mr. 
Airman i* enthusiastically devoted to his profession, hav- 
ing had tin* advantage of instruct ion from the best masters 
both in Ibis country uud In Ei«r«|te, ami aside from bis work 
“A* n engraver lie baa attained no little auerraa as a painter. 

— WllAIAM Mummis, tiie Eagliah poet, ha* set up a press 
in a cot luge near hi* Hammersmith residence, and intends 
iu future, it t» said, to lie his own printer. 

—The late Secretary Wisdom left a modern to fortune, 
largely in real estate, tire vnlne of which will probably in- 
crease materially in the next few - yean 
— Tiie venerable poet Whittier announce* that be has 
stopped writing forever, 

— The late E. K. Mayo, of Duston, had a poaainn for coti- 
chology, and hi* colUcliotl of abcits ranked with the beat 
ill this country or abroad. 

— Charles P. Matthew*, the rich English brower who 
died not long ago, w ns n geuuiue lover of nrt, and possessed 
whut is isjlioved to be the most valuable aud important 
roliection of Htodem painting* in existence. Hu eh was id, 
attachment for bis pictures, it is said, that be carted hi* 
choicest treasures hack and forth between his town aud 
reentry home* every year, so that be might always have 
them with him. 

— l)r. Wilson, who served in the navy with Admiral 
FaIihaolt, but was forced by consumption to leave the 
sen Ire and this country, fonud health by out-door life in 
Month Africa. He now owua half of one of the islands in 
the Comoro group, off tbe const of Africa, and bas a Urge 
sugar plantation nine hundred feet above the level of the 
sen. Dr. Wii-son i« a bachelor, and the only 'other white 
person on tho island is au Englishman, who is aUo a sugar 

— Since tiie publication of Sir. TitKorsiliK Cllft-D'a series 
of nrt tries oil tiie Sosith-Aaiericati republics began in Ham- 
per's Maiiaxixk the author has been ovrrw brlmrd with 
inquiries for advice, minute information as salaries, and 
cost of living, pn Alter ts, etc., etc. Tliongb Mr. CHILD Units 
himself qnite unable to reply to throe letters, many of the 
qiirslions put to him will be answered implicitly or dtreol- 
lv when the Hontb-Americau series appear* in its complete 
form ns a Volume. Meanwhile, a* regards minute details, 
iiileiiding emigrant* sIhmiIiI apply to tbe Hontb-AiiM-ricaa 
Consuls in tint L'ulted States, or to the i.’nited State* official* 
resident Iu South America. 

Digitized by Google 



184 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., .NO. 17W. 


PROMINENT WORKERS FOR THE PASSAGE OP THE COPYRIGHT BILL.— Phom PnorouiuniN bt Dill, Gemini bt, and Otiikiia— [9u Sufflemkht] 


jjAttf’ 1 >«. U»1. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


185 




186 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. 1786. 


THE GIT* OF GRAND RAPIDS. 

BY W11XUX WILLARD HOWARD. 

It nust have lawn the Indium who flrxl 
suggested the locution of the dlv of Grand 
Rapids. If they did not actually suggext it, 
they at taaxl showed by their action* that 
tin* wa» a natural t ratline point, for in the 
early day* of Indian trading lit tin- wilder 
nr** of "Michigan they brought akin* and 
furs to thi* jaunt from the hunting ground* 
Rani of miles round about. A* thi* WH 
the only place for it hundred miles up und 
down the Grand Hirer where travellers iiikI 
trappers could And a fonlnhie crossing. it 
nntiirnlly became au important Item in tlio 
movement* of the original pioneer*. Trap- 
per* and trader* on their way from Lake 
Michigan to tbo Detroit River, or to the bend 
of Lake Erie, naturally made the rapids a 
crossing point; and when they had ocouioti 
to tell what they knew of the gnwl legion to 
the westward of Lake El K\w licit t licit know- 
ledge w*‘ sought after hv intending wilier*, 
they did nut negltol to point out the a<t van- 
tages of the rupiiL ns motive power for saw- 
mill* and manufacturing cnterpilres. In 
III oca days tlte pmweasion of n good water 
power was wellnigli ini|»enitivu tu men who 
wished t<- establish manufactory*, for very- 
few of them were in a financial p-rollon to 
make use of Meant Engines and lioik-r* 
rout ton much in the first place. and tt was 
next to Impow-iblc, in any event, to curry 
them through the wilderness. 

So it came about that the first stiller* of 
the present city of Grand Rapid* went at- 
traded to the place by the abundance of mod 
water power in the Grand River, and Inci- 
dentally by the e**y way in which goods 
could Is' sent up or down the valley. In nd- 
dition, the forerta of the Grand River Valley 
and the outlying liills showed that a fine busi- 
ness in wood working might tontv day lie 
built up at the rapid*. The first actual while 
settler wa* not a manufacturer, however, but 
au lndiau trader, who built a cabin for hatter 
with the Indian* a* early a* 1437. It win 
not untii 1883 that the first genuine immi- 
grant arrived. Thi* seems to have been at 
the beginning of a western movement of con- 
side table magnitude. for in thi* decade a 
numlicr of amtiilioits towns were started in 
the lake region Some of there beginning*, 
like Hint at Grand Rapid*, grew to towns of 
importance. 1ml the greater number hardly- 
survived the first hard frost. There have 
In-on western movement* almost without 
number all through the preeeut century, atnl 
they do not seem to have died out vet. , I ust 
at present there Is a laudable desire oti the 
jairt of many people to get bold of ibe natu- 
ral riche* of the Pacific Northwest, and In the 
course of time other enterprising folk will 
make a ganleu out of the arid wuies of Ari- 
son* and New Vrvi-.-. The we.tarn rag-,- 
ateato now do not differ very much from the 
western movements of sixty years ugo. ex- 
cejn that the immigrant in these day* of 
modern fan prove teals ami far-u-nthiug rail- 
way* rarely knows the feeling of hardahip. 
Undoubtedly tlic fir*t settlers of the Grand 
River Valiev could tell some stories of hard 
work and privatum that would make the 
modern immigrant gasp. It may he asserted 
'it extenuation Hint these early pioneers wer© 
used to that sort Df thing. Ferhapo they 
were; but if they were, it surely wo* not 
from pure love of it. The curly sctllera en- 
dured there hardships because tta-y bud to 
do it or die, and, as a rule, they did not come 
of dying stock. 

Judging from the damn* of the pioneers 
of Grand ItaiikU, I should say that they 
came originally from the New England 
Plate*. Thi* slock ha* made the ta-l iiio- 
tveers that America lias ever known, for tlrer 
linitrd with an intense religious fervor and 
conscientious devotion to duty an ability 
to fight Indians that lias never quite been 
equalled in thU or any otltcr country Tlte 
pinneer* of the Grand River Valley cuubl 
have fought Indian* a* ten-ldy as they hunt- 
ed wild m-joU, but they preferred to trade 
with them, because it wa* rather mure- profit- 
able. an<i profit wus the main tiling that held 
their attention. Tlte Indian* of till* region 
do not appear to buve been very troublr- 
xome. *nd. for tlte muM part, the seltlei* 
were allowed to subjugate the forest ami 
hurne** the rajiid* unmolested. 

Even In Its fir*t year of existence, which 
may be conceded to be 1833, Grand Rapid* 
allowed strong evidence of I in future charac- 
ter. It was in thst year that the find saw- 
mill won built. and from that time until the 
present day there- lias been a steady im-rcon; 
in the wood-working industry si thU point, 
so much so. in fact, that today the city of 
Grand Rapids is claimed to lie the large-t 
niiinufacturrr of furniture in the world. The 
first furniture- factory wus bulk in 1838. mid 
ill the year following a chair factory was 
added to the industries of tta- place. A limn 
let of other enterprise* had their IWfhtalM 
in tli.it year, among which may ta- incntiixird 
the fir-; newspaper, the Grand fhrrr TYwra. 
It must hare been a venturesome thing to try 
to jwliilsb a newspaper Just then. Dtcsuie 
ttarc were few people to subscribe, and few- 
er still to advertise, yet tta- 27mss whs pub 
lisltcd. with more or less irregularity until 
1841. when it gave tip Uie stniggle. "lis sua- 
j« nsioii may hare hern due to the fact that, 
although it was begun at a time when the 
people worn encouraged by the apjHiaratu-o 
of the first Grand River aleum lioat und the 
bsgtaaisf of Mvcral promising enterprises. 


yet the four years of ils existence were year* 
id hard times not only for the paper, but for 
Uie jw-iple of the hopeful young town a* 
wcil. Immigration from the East fell away 
to nothtiig. and with tt tlte necessary money 
willt which to keep business moving. The 
people were pitifully poor, but they held on 
with true pioneer grit, in Uie hoj>e that the 
tributary country would la-come settled In 
1811 things began to pick up a trifle. Dur- 
ing that year the business men exported 5486 
barrels of Hour. 4.000.000 fort of pine hirn- 
ta-r. 3, 300.000 shingles. 4000 pound* of pot- 
ash. 50 Utrrels of beans, maple sugar worth 
$3000 and a <pianlilv uf plaster. Fur* to the 
value of $-35,000 were abo sent east. Two 
or three years afterward the hard lime* were 
forgot ten in the rush of new tai»liie*s awl the 
promise of greater commercial und industrial 
activity. More xlcamboals were tail It for the 
river nnd lake trade from time to time ns they 
were needed, mid other incuts were taken 
to uaxixl the convenient transaction of tatsl- 
ness, The untimely fate of tin- first nuwsjni. 
jN-r was kj far forgotten us to permit Uie t«e- 
ginnlog of two new weekly papers, the En- 
quirer, which came out III 1841. and the 
Grand Hirer Kaffir. wltieh npitcurcd in 1MM. 
Notwithstanding the period of prosperity in 
which they were established. tlte new ptprra 
did not have a particularly easy time of R 
until many years afterward when the town 
had grown to lie one of the liveliest places 
in Michigan As now related, the early ex- 
perience* of lire founder of the HtffU are 
rullier amusing, but they may not U»v« hern 
quite so funny then. One of Mr. A. B. 
Turners curly asd-tanl* in the pulilietitioii 
of tlte jatpe-r gives the following interesting 
reminiscence: 

■‘The Ka> tie used to come out regularly 
every week, if we hail good luck casting roll- 
ers. und paper mid ink didn't give out; but 
we weren't at all certain about wluit day of 
the week it would, appear. I wonder now. 
when I rememta-r what a jiujier the Jtiigtr 
tlie-u was comjMired with what tt is now, and 
mm pared with my present idea of w hut even 
a small village weekly ought to be. why Uie 
outraged public did not rbo uji in virtuous in- 
dignation atid dump the whole concern Into 
the river. Then, when 1 remember how 
much belter a piper the Kaffir was than ila 
then contemporaries in the Slate, and how 
much better a paper it was tbnii the village 
jiatd for. and ltow the piihHe frequently didn't 
liny, even in truck, so long a* payment couhl 
lie "dodged, and how everybody apnngnd on 
the porter a* much ns puisiblc, cijn-cting it 
to puff everybody's bobby, and not to men- 
tion many tilings that ought to have been 
rtphii«ied, bm how- the editor wan cam- 
j idled not only to make au int-roanl struggle 
for tu existence, tailnloo. with unusual atur- 
dinrw for those time*, to manfully preserve 
bts Independence and self-respect. I wonder 
why we didn't rise up in just wrath and 
wipe the infant city right off tire- map. When 
I hulk at tlte narrow *t recta Unit are the ever- 
prraenl. visible reminder of those narrow 
times. I tun sometime* sorry we didn't It 
could have been started aguitl on a much 
improved plan, ami cheaply, considering that 
one could llrett have bought the entire ter- 
ritory within the present city limits, with the 
village thrown in. for an average of about 
$33 tier acre. of which all. except the village 
centre, would hare been from $3 to $10 per 
acre." 

Thi* i* no doubt nn ucrumlc picture of the 
circumstance* attend ing the publication of u 
country weekly away hack in the forties, 
talk of course. It docs not apply 1« country 
paper* now. Ihtuiim! in these enlightened 
day* no country subscriber wants to pay in 
cord -wood or turnips, anil very few are *n 
thoughtless uf the common rules of business 
as to wish to make use of a thing that they 
do nut pay for. I would not go so fur ns to 
say that all country editors makn fortune*, 
soil send their families to Europe every sum- 
rin-r, tail most of them do. us any one may 
leant ujxin inquiry. Once in a great white 
a real Biro ti man begrudges the country edi- 
tor his life of rose and freedom from care, 
but 1 have come upon only one such Instance 
I was in the office nf a country weekly in 
the West some years ago. asking the edi- 
tor about the prospective development of his 
Mirth mi of couulry, when n sultwriber came 
in to stop his paper. "I don't mind leadin' 
th' paper." said the KUbx-rita-r, " hut it gue* 
agio tl>' grain to j*y money to a man to live 
in itlleuras If you had to work for your 
livin' same’s I <to. you'd know what money 
wus wutk." That this wus a fitting rebuke 
to one of the leisure els** any one could see 
Ity the painful way in which tta- hot blood of 
sluime rrimsouL-d the mlilor'o face. The edi- 
tor's explanation to mo that hr worked righ- 
t«-a hour* a dny, and did bis own job-work 
ami the greater part of the prw s worfc. in ad- 
dition to the editorial und local work, was, uf 
course, a shiftless evostotl 

lu prtHif of the forlanatu estate of the 
country editor I have only to point to the 
iiar.iT- of the Kayir, which has now licrome 
oik- of the most successful dailies of the 
Slate <if Michigan. The Kasie i* no longer a 
country weekly, It Is true, but it once was, 
und it i* quite likely that it wa* while Mr. 
Turner was doing his own press work to save 
the wages of a journeyman j-rinlr r thnt lie 
amasscu wealth enough to niaiulain a city 
daily. Experience Ins* shown tluu very few 
men can afford to run a large daily jsiprr. 
nnd tbc fart that the Rtgle conn* out every 
day In tlte week, including 8uuday*. with nil 
the tclegraphtc lwvis uf the world, to My bo- 


thing of tlie local new*, is pretty conclusive 
evidence that there is a bank-book somewhere 
about the place. 

Other newspapers liave been started in 
Grand Rapids, hut not all of them have 
lived. Those that are- no* in existence seem 
to tat prospering in a satisfactory way, which 
may he taken us evidence that they are 
woitby of the people whom they represent. 
Mi«t manufacturing culerpriic* la-gun in 
Grand Rapids doubtless had an easier time 
than Uie newspaper*, tuid yet not all uf them 
lived. Many uf theta died, tail, as in (he 
case of the newspaper*, there were others 
that came tu lake their places 

Tie 1 growth of Uu- manufacturing tatsiue** 
was checked for a lime duriug tire war jM-ri- 
od. but immediately after tire war it ta-gan 
again with twofolil energy. From lire cinsc 
of the war until the |>resent time tlie msmt- 
faclure* of Grand ltapid* Imre steadily in- 
ci eased lu number and importance, and nat- 
urally tire population Ima *hown a etwre- 
Mtondios Increase. The cetisu* of 1850 gave 
Grand Rapid* a jwipulation of 2fi(SV, Ten 
year* later this bad grown to 8085; in 1870 
it hail reached 18.507 : nnd in tr$t) it had l« - 
name 32.018. A local censua taken in lhKl 
made the iw-jiulai.i-m 43.783. Since 1884 tire 
city ha* grown with mure than usual rapid- 
ity. and at the Mine time tbc tributary coun- 
try lias develojwd to n degree that jirnmucs 
n huge future ImsitMtts for the Grand Rapids 
loereiiaoU. The population at preoeut is 
claimed to be nut fsr from 80,000. 

It is interesting to note that although 
steam- howl navigation gave the city it* start 
in life, it whs tin- building of railroads that 
set lire later husdneat activity afoot. Tire 
Detroit. Grand Havt-u. and Mllwaukse Hall 
rood passed tlinnigh Grand Rapkls in 1858. 
tan it did not begin to rrop the full measure 
of it* rewanl until after the w»r. It now 
h»H a large share of the manufurtiirers' slilp- 
nvent* from Grand Rapids. The Grand llajv 
hh and Indian.* Railroad added a new I in- 
prtu* to business In' giving manufariurera 
it direct outlet to fort Wayne. Indiana, in 
1870. It had been in operation to Cedar 
Spring* in 1888. It ddw coutm.-ta with the 
Upper Peninsula system at Mackinac, which 
affords act*** to the great lornLu-r regions of 
the Slate. Tbc Kalaiiia/ixi, Allegan, ami 
Grand RnpitU Railroad was opened in 1888, 
It is now a part of the Lake Shore uud Mich 
igiut Soutta-rn Rallrottd. which plact-a Grand 
Rapids business uren in quick cotnmuuicwtion 
with Toledo, (.rb'TcUiwt, Buffalo, nnd New 
York. The Grand River Valley Railroad to 
Jackson, now a part of tire Michigan Central 
system, was opened in 18*0, and two year* 
litter a much desired rati connection with 
Chicnjm wu* nceomplislred in tire Chicago 
Slid West Mlchignti Rallwny. which now lias 
hntnrht-* from Allegan to Peotwatcr. and 
from Muskegna to lilg Hspids. With tbcac 
railriMuU and their connections Grnnd Rapids 
lex* un outlet tu all farts of tire country , anti 
in addition lisa water eommunirulirm with 
tire Great Lakes With proper dredging the 
Grand River could Is: made nitvigalile as far 
as Grand Rnitiiis for luke vessels of the lar- 
gest sin-. Tire people of the city are almost 
certain that asecundury lake jxirt will he cre- 
at'd Ity deepening tin.- river or by cutting n 
ship c-atul tli n nigh Ui the lake. Either of 
throe enterprises would greatly anlal the re- 
ceipt and shipment of goods, and eventually 
add much to the business of tire city. The 
Grand Rapids men of affair* should not long 
neglect so vulualde an opportunity. 

It is not likely that Grand itnplds will 
neglect or overlook any of lrer opportuni- 
ties. for she has • Board of Tracis that Is 
constantly seeking way* in which her inter- 
est* may be benefited- The board was or 
guilized in 1N87 for Hie fMirposc, a» exiweased, 
of proving the faiwev uf cumbinatioa to se- 
cure iieeilrd licireflt* to lire n unniiinity The 
work done by tire board from year to year 
show* tiial it ho* Jtwbtcd foreign capital to 
invednreut* in established home enterprises, 
encouraged the opening of retail establish- 
ments. brought nlxiut tire aildilkm of manu- 
facturing concerns to tire city # already large 
numtairof factories, and, among other thing*. 
gHtlu red and pulilhta*! die statistic* of the 
inanufacturing and jolihing business. Fig- 
ures of a recent date show that there are 43k 
manufacturing oonrern* in tta: city, with an 
invotteil capital of 917.334. UN), and au annu- 
al output of $31,682,330, Tin: furniture in 
duxlry stand* first in the amount of capital 
invroted and in the number of hands em 
ployed. There ore S3 turuiturc factories, 
which employ 4318 hand*, and turn out a 
yearly product of $6 785,3-'i0 Tlte amiMiul 
of rnpitul luvcated i* $4,383,500. These ilg 
ure* do not toclitdo the all ini mnniifnctures 
of wumi. Tlie lumber and shingle mil lx 
rank next with respect to tire number uf 
nun employed am! lire amount of capital in- 
voued. hut they rank first In tire mutter uf 
value of product. Tta-re arc 83 lumber on-l 
shfatL-lc in- II*. with an Inverted cajiital nf 
$3,8t*i,0IN>. nnd u yriuty output valued at 
$8,U78,0(N1. There arc 1258 hands employ 
ed, It may he mentioned in connection 
with tire wood working industry that there 
are two factories engaged In tire nmnufsc 
tun: of wooden xlrees, and that they do a 
taisiuess worth nlxiul $]l.tHKi it year. This 
is rather a novel line of business for tire 
cnmiireut of America, and yet tire Grand 
Kupiiix manufacturers dnuliih-ax find that 
they do a* well at thi* hi Grand Rapids as 
tlirv couhi in any country of Europe, and 
jierltapx better. Among other factories here 
is a carpet-sweeper works, which donas to 


manufacture mi're carpet sweepers ttaiu all 
otlrer concern* of the kind mmnini-d, 

The wholesale mid jolihing business has 
airo grown to large proportlonk in Grand 
Rapids. It bad it* origin in 1847, when 
Wilder D. Foster began to sell to tbo couu- 
lry denier* a« well as lei the towns people. 
As nature and circumstances both made 
Grand Rapids a trading ten Ire. this branch 
of bitsiuro* grew steadily, until today it is 
represented l<y 88 house*] which employ 1118 
hands, and do un annual buxines* of $16,- 
334.800 Tlie amount of capital invested is 
$8,888,000. 

As befits a city of such manufacturing and 
mimiM-reial activity, the hu*ini-« jKittinn'of 
Grand Itaplds is "solidly ned hatntsomely 
Inn U of tnirk and stone building*, many of 
which would be ornaments to cities of greater 
pretension*. The City Hall R a large stone 
structure, with a loft) arched entrance and 
iMDiimenud lower. Tlte ornamental triviali- 
ties of the tower might well have been omit 
ted. as they seem to detract from It* natural 
dignity. There tire loo many pointed win- 
dows In tlte body of tbc tower] ami loo many 
decorative frill* around the clock face*, to 
be quite in harmony with recognized Ideas 
of Mmplirily und strength, The top of the 
lower U altogether weak and uninteresting, 
all of which t* hi 1* regretted; a* touers ate 
entirely util of place unless they are intelli- 
gentiy and UMefully done The roof of the 
building is too much broken up to provide 
that Impression uf Mrengtii which is sotsseu 
tin! in large publir buildings, ('nnxidrfcd na 
an entirety, (lie City llall is tint without con- 
siderable architectural merit, and yet bemuse 
it !» a new building, which must serve it* 
jMirposc for many year* to come, it is to bo 
regretted that lire $300. UU6 -ja-nt in its con- 
Mrnction were n«-t put to ta tter use I am 
sorry to xee that tu some cities of the West, 
and particularly in Chicago, tta-re U u sort of 
craze for architectural trivialities that the 
people will one day lie sorry for. Tlie gov- 
ernment building, although hutlt rather plain- 
ly of brick, with -stone trimmings, is a much 
more creditable ornament to the city, and yet 
-it Is rarely pointed out as otic of the chief 
archiii-riii mi attraction* Tlie Peninsular 
Club'* building lias some nrclallectiintl merit* 
that the visitor will do well not to overlook, 
although the club la uoted more far ils social 
qualities than for the appearance of its build- 
ing. 

The new Kent County Court house may 
with justice bn considered as tlu- best ex 
ample of modem architecture in tlie city. 
The plan of tta: building and tower seems to 
luve been taken from some of the late II. II. 
Ritbardwin's best work, but ita- architect 
unfortunately did not iwixmsmi Richardson's 
love of simplicity, breadth, and strength, for 
he- bns added to tbc jvluin plan many detail* 
that might belter hate I well imiiIIImI- The 
lDuxses have been mi cut up that one gets a 
Hue conception uf tlie beauty of ibe building 
only by a distant view. Wiien distance hits 
smoothed out Ibe trivialities uf txinslnirtian, 
tlie massive outlines of tlte building itself 
and the lofty strength of llue lower are «rn 
at their best. 

Tlie Michigan Soldier*' Home, although 
not a pretentious building from un architect- 
ural paint of view, is a creditable example 
of il* style of architecture. It wax built by 
the Stare for the care of disabled and infirm 
veterans of the war or the rebellion. There 
are about six hundred inmates The Ladlr-t 
Literary Club house is an interesting feature 
uf city architecture- It i- not it laigt- build- 
ing. 1-ut the tasteful design of its front is 
Wurth something more than a passing glance. 
In addition to these buildings there are some 
fairly good church building;, anti n numlirr 
of comfortably liuilt scbi-il tatust-s. The 
architecture of the Grand Rapid* private 
rrxiticiKv*, while not pi-rlia|w jtnrtlcularly 
nuliceable. » ne vert heirs* quite ujt to tta: 
average of that of elite* of this dais, If not 
uctually beyond H. Fu-r the most part tlie 
houses are set a little back front the street, 
ami. when- practicable are surrounded by 
hliatlc trvet mid shrubbery. Most nf |Ik- 
rexitU-nce xtrectx are lined with double rows 
of fine trees, which in summer time make tlie 
city a delightful place for lot and recreation. 
Home of the elm* and oak* that now *h*iieth« 
street* were large trees when the city wax 
first settled. Tlie pcojde are to he congratu- 
lated upon (heir good sense and gixul taste 
in nTcxerving these old tree*. Out in Pueblo, 
Cnlorado, n few years ago. tome of the mure 
proank: and jirartical mindrel men of tlie city 
wantonly cut down the largtwt and utosl fa 
rnoits tree in the State, for the puerile renaou 
that it wax an ubxlruclion to traflie in the 
street. Tliry are probably xorry for it by 
thi* time, and if they are not, they ought 
tu be. 

The city of Grand ltajiid* hns several 
pnrkx. but "they arc rather uiiaJI affaire. Thi* 
public defect will doubt lots lie remedied in 
lime. T'he ehWf public resort in Revd'x 
Itakc. which :* about a mile nnd n hnlf from 
Hr- city_ It la owned by a private corpora- 
tion . Tlte OwwsiitantMig Boat Club, which 
(mix hamlsoroe quartera in the city, faiu a $0800 
bout Ikhimi on the lake 

A* might l>e mpjviMtl from the character 
of the city, the rim ini life lx made mauifrat 
in vnrinox active wavx. One of there ways 
is Uie maintenance of xuciul clubx uud liter- 
ary ami xi'icntitlc organirationx. Tta- leading 
cluh ix tbs Pt-uinxulur, lrat there are other 
jxrnspcroiiN and inienrrting organlratUm* that 
admit women to merulierxidp. One prominent 
club is compottid of women alone. Thi* » 


yn»C H 14, 189i. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


the Lodi*® Literary Club, the building of 
which li** already Iwvu spoken of in this ar- 
ticle The dub (nw a mcmlx-ndiip of nearly 
S0(>. It mi (Upraised In 187J. and incor- 
porated in Ifcti The building wu occupied 
in IM<H, after $15,000 liad U»u ‘.(wilt in con- 
hi ruction and in the purchiuc of a kite. 1‘iib- 
lic meeting* nre Iraki coco a tiWKltii in the 
auditorium, winch will seat -Viu |uvitilc Tlie 
dub deserve* tbe micmwo it li»« attained mid 
in worthy of imiuitiiMi in many other cit- 
ie* both East and West. Atm nig the Oth- 
er social and library organizations am tbe 
Hum* Club, which meet* once n month: tile 
Hull uni I Scientific nod Literary Society, 
which holds meetings twice a month; mid 
lira West Slile Ladies' Literary Club, wbldt 
holds discussion* ou literary, historical, ami 
■cwtilltlc subjects. Tbe Kent Scientific In- 
stitnte is purely n scientific socirly. It was 
organ l/cri in 1661 an an Indirect successor of 
tbe Lyceum of Natural History. tlra meet- 
ing* of which had been stopfauf at the time 
of tint war. The Lyceum was not allowed 
to die. however, in* It had ou liand a collec- 
tion of various valunlrfa spocimeas It was 
consolidated with the Kent Scientific- Illall 
title in 1868. The institute baa now one nf 
the moat complete museums of natural his- 
tory. mineralogy, and arclwology in tbe 
Weal. Its mecting-tarc held twice a month 
In its rooms in the Central School building. 
The legal and medical profession* arc repre- 
sented by tbe Oraod Rapid* Bar Association 
ami IIh! Grand llapids Academy of Medicine. 
The journalists nialntaiu tin- (Imml Rapid* 
Press Club; and the Photographers tin- Pine 
toirrupltic Club — boll! of w hich were organ* 
ir.ed In 1887. A racing other organization* of * 
more practical character are the Grand Kujv 
ids Mercantile Association, which ia coni- 
nosed of retail inere-iiuutH ; the Furniture- 
Manufarnirpr*' Association; the Bulkier*' 
and Tnider*' Exchange, tlie Drug Clerks' A* 
aoclalion. and the Pharmaceutical Society, 
There ore seven building and loan asmxiiu- 
lUna. 

Prominent among cither organizations of 
Grand Rapid* are Uic agricultural ami hor- 
ticulliiral societies. Tlie |>ioiicer body wits 
the Kent County Agricultural Society, which 
was organized in 1*47, The Are* agricultural 
fair was held at the Court-house Square, 
Grand Rapids, in DM9 It was found neces- 
sary to reorganize the society in 1817. ami 
after that lime fair grounds were purchased 
and fair* were held annually. The Stale 
Poinolugical Society was organized at Grand 
RapitU "in 1870. Four year* Inter Kent. 
Barry, Ottawa. Mecosta, Muskegon. Ionia, 
Newaygo, and Allegan counties combined in 
the organization of the Gram! River Valley 
Horticultural Society. The Wot Michigan 
Agricultural and lnduslrisl Society was or- 
ganized in 1879. It immediately ii-io-d the 
grounds of tlie Kent County Agricultural 
Society, and built suitable structure* lor ex- 
hibition purposes. The first fair, which woa 
held in that year, was so successful Uiat the 
society found it iraceniary to li-usn fourteen 
acres of additional giouitd. and to I DC reuse 
the number of its building*. Annual fain 
have since been held with unvarying MMCett. 
One reason for the prosperity of this aocsety 
is tbe fact that it lias secured the awi stance 
. of tlie Kent County Agricultural Society, tho 
Grand River Valley Horticultural Society, 
and the State Pomoiograal Society, all of 
which have in most imn merged their exhi- 
bitions into oue. Tlie result has been thut 
Grand Rapid* bos liad mine of the brat fair* 
in the Stale of Michigan Tlwre Is now talk 
of a permanent exposition of eonsnierable 
pretensions. The not Michigan Fanner*' 
Club ha* Item in existence More 18HI. 

There are many club*, societies, and organ 
lutl-mia in the city lvsi.tr* these that I have 
mentioned, but as lids article can hardly take 
tbe nature of a catalogue, some of tliem must 
be left for the visitor to discover for himself- 
Among them are the military, veteran, and 
sporting organizations. Almost everybody 
who take* an interest iu outdoor sport* bus 
heard of Grand Rapid* through it.* activity 
in rowing, l«*e hull, and hicydlug. Tbe 
annual regatta* of the Ni nth western Asso- 
ciation are held «mi Heed's Lake, under the 
auspice* of I be Owaelitauong Boat Club, 
which lias dune a great deal for thill clous of 
sport in the Weak Tho Owashtnnonjj* are 
not without their reward, for in addition to 
the high redeem In whkh they are every- 
where held, they liare a number of hard won 
prizes to show for their work. Tlie Grand 
Rapids Bicycle Club U one of the largest and 
best equipped organizations of Its kind in tlie 
West It i» noted for the oiimU r nf strong, 
•wifi, and expert wheelmen that it can bring 
to amateur contests. The Grand Rapids 
Cricket Club gives good promise of effective 
work in the future 

In taking into consideration the various 
ftnluren that I have touched upon, the care- 
ful render will Is- able to see that Irani i* a 
city that should have an unvarying and in- 
(-roaring prosperity for indefinite generations 
to come The city may never be lts large n» 
Chicago. Ih-i -.uio- that i* not within the range 
of possibilities. but it should be much larger 
than it i* now. and. incidentally. much richer 
and more influentis). Then* is here a lum. 
of IndtMry, energy, and lutvllectual mid 
moral culture that can siiuniii n vtcia! ami 
industrial superstructure Midi a* tlie tweuli 
rlli century may reasonably l» expected to 
produce. Iu these days of railways and tel- 
egraphs the Atlantic seaboard can have no 
advantages ilmt the West tnav not share 
With the excellent beginning' that Grand 


Rapids has already made, her future will I* 
brat Judged by result*, which is all thut Iter 
people aak. 

THE LATE SENATOR HEAKST. 

Tint picturesque career of Senator George 
iliwrst. of California, illustrates the newness 
of our country even after more than a hun- 
dred years of M-lf government, mid at the 
same time shows how possible it lias been 
for a comparatively illiterate man to achieve 
great wealth awl high |iolJliea) position with- 
in a short space of time. Though tbe late 
Senator wn* aeveuty-one years old wbea Ira 
died the other dnv in Washington, lie did not 
begin that career which made him of public 
moment till he was forty-six years of age, 
In Ida bovliood awl early iuiiiiImhxI be had 
been a lalmrer un Ills father's farm in Mis- 
souri. to which Territory the father had end 
grated from South Carolina before Missouri 
was admitted to the I'tilon. Here George 
lie* rat wn* hoin in lM-.il. iiii-I here be sluid, 
working as a farm hnud awl In a country 
store, till 1850, when hi* ambition wn* stirred 
liy tlie talm from norms Uie plains of the di* 
envery of gold in California He Joinrd one 
of the -caravan* for the tedious march ocrusa 
(hu -desert and tin.' mountains, aad in due 
course the Mtuaniri fann hand liail Itteomc a 
gold-seeker and a companion of threw hardy 
and iidvcnturctomo men who for forty year* 
past biive lieeti prowl to call Ihcuwelve* the 
Argonaut* of 4U. 

For nine year* or *i> Mr. Hi-aret hud vary- 
ing fortune*. Sometime* he wa» puuniktM, 
and sometime.* he hud n mine which paid 
expoiwe*. In the summer of 185# he went 
with a party of friemU to the famous Com- 
stock lisle. It is re-lukd of him that on the 
journey ibillrar be escaped arrest in the l.'uli- 
fotidtt llneou u Judgment for $40 only by Hie 
generosity of hi* com|wni<ins, who made up 
the sura lioeewuiry to settle tin- judgment. In 
a abort while in the Comsloek lie "struck it 
rteb. “ to use the expressive language of the 
West, and otituiwsi nil interest in the prop- 
ertv afterward *o well known us the Opbir 
Mine. He matte his way hack to Him Fran- 
cisco In gel the necessary machinery to de- 
velop the mines. While" tliem he gold half 
of bis Interest in the properly for $15,000. 
Tbit was the flrtt time he lisd lnul no large « 
sum. or, iwlced. any considerahle amount of 
money, it* previously Ids had been • hard 
struggle from hand to mouth. Tho Opliir 
Mines were very rich, and Mr. H curst rii.-utc 
an ample fortune. He paid a visit to his old 
home iibout this time, aud tuarikd the lady 
who is nowr his widow. 

Mr. Hcarst, however, did not have the wheel 
of fortune mfely locked, with himself oil lop. 
It turned mid lurucd. mid in ll*8« he boil to 
begin over again During nil this rir*i“ In- 
hail acquired' greul skill ns a prospector of 
mining pv»|>eriu*. mid ho wn* employed by 
Mr. J. H. Hoggin und Mr. I.lavd Teti.*, two 
gentlemen from Kentucky, wlm were the 
baldest n|ienitors ou the Ducitlc cnu*l. With 
his eoooecUoti with these geiitleraen Iwguu 
Mr. Hearat's solid surrew in the accunuilu- 
lioa of money. Ills fortune was twtimuted 
at twenty millions, hut whether it were- ten 
million* mure or less thou this sum it would 
be hard to ray. At any rate be bccama a 
very rich nmu He llnallv became tile part- 
ner’ of In* old employer. Mr. Hszgln.and tint 
firm owned such well known mines us liu- 
Ontario of Ulab. the Hom rat afcn Scitc* of 
Dakota, und the Anaconda of Montium. 

Mr. I leant did out. however, coniine hi* 
atlciitiou exclusively to mining. He bought 
ii great duid uf re-al estate in Califorula and 
i-br where At the timi- of Ids death he owu- 
ed 40.000 ucre* ill Sun Luis Oliispo County, 
California, a ranch of 1*0,000 acre* of gniz- 
ing land iu old Mexicvi, and a very large 
triu-t of laud near Vera Cruz. Hi* Mexican 
ntnrh is slacked with an immense herd of 
cattle and a line stable of horse*. 

Fur one terra, in HMD, Mr. Ilcaret was n 
ineuilier of tbe Suite Legislature. 11c did 
not appear as; a candidate for public other 
again till 1SS3 when, before 11 k- Democratic 
Mtute Convention, he contested with General 
Stuneramn fur lira nomination for Governor. 
He was defeated, but won the friendship of 
bis successful rival tiv generously supporting 
hi* canvave with fuutf* mid influence When 
He-nalor John F. Miller died in 188.1, tbe Gov- 
ernor npjxii uteri Mr. Hew ret to the vacancy. 
In 1887 he was elected for the full terra, 
which would have expired iu lt®3. He Jins 
not been a frequent speaker during hi* Sen- 
atorial career, bul be has been one of tbe 
men who were always pointed out to *t rangers 
visiting the. Senate gnllery. 

Perhaps Mr. Hearst was much belter 
known in the Hast us a turf mini than in any 
other way, He l»giiu to race hum* only n 
few year* ago. but his career all the while 
Ii** been notable. The tint iudieatioii of hi* 
intention to contrat for honors on the turf 
was his purchase, three or four years ago. of 
the yeaning coll King Thomas, by King 
Hull out of Slam] Hiunpton. for the unheard- 
of price of $40.I».XI. Thu colt had lieeil *old 
a few days before, at Mr. Ilaggin's sale, to a 
shrewd firm uf hook- makrva for $tt7. OOU. It 
win to this firm that Mr. Ilcarst paid the 
higlic-t price ever given for a yearling in this 
country, or pvrhap* in tlie world, It is in- 
teresting to note linn King Thomas lias been 
a complrce failure on Uwi turf, end lias never 
yet Sobbed in the van. Indeed the Senator 
»os uniformly unsuccessful for two years: 
but he w-as imtient amid tluwe rererscs. and 
bad lira raiisfadliua of having his pwdaaca 


reworded I*m season, when he hud. in Tour- 
nament. the lies l three year- ohl of tlie Ve.tr 
Tournament won during the season $7U.'XK>, 
and tbe winning* of the other* in hi* stable 
brought the total up 1o $116,000. This 
p lured bis mime high up ou lira list. Ilis 
nominations for coining events will not be 
affected by hi* dentil, a* a abort while ago lie 
took his soil into |Nirtnership. and liad the 
entrk* transferresl to Hears! & Co. This 
wu* done in «oa*M»uence of his illni-** uml 
the experience which Mr. August Belmont * 
executors had in wiling the race-home* in 
that stable. Their value was seriously Im- 
paired by tsing thrown out of Valuable 
•Hikes oa uccouutof tbe death of their ow ner 
Mr. Ilrant was a typical Californian in 
appearance, iu iiianner*. and In speech. 
There wa* a bluff henrliuraa alnrat him whieh 
made him easy of approac h lli* friend* 
were warm friend*, and ns lie bore iki malice, 
his enemies were few. lie linri no veneering 
of miintirr. and none of the deceptive polish 
tlieretif. He wus oiilr what he up(M-nred — u 
stuMig. rough, kindly, gond-bvitrlod. und 
qnlirk willed man who for l wcaty-fl vo yeurs 
ha* enjoyed the high reganl of the people of 
Ids Stale and section, and worn with luudcrt 
humility tbu well merited sobriquet of " Uou- 
e*t George Hcarat.” 


JACKSON S. SCHULTZ. 

" Tun sweat of tlie poor and tbe blood of 
lira brave, wrung from lira toil of tin- poor 
man. " From tbe year 18U7 onward many 
people still living in New York roar reuiesu 
I « i (H.-cw*ti>iially recWvlng in change a one- 
dollar or two-dollar lull with iIicm- *1 range 
words stamped MHMt it. And nut in New 
York alone, for there are few things that 
travel from Imml to hand mi far or mi fie. 
qwntly as note* and cum* of the smrdltt do- 
nomlnalioDs. and it may well bare chanced 
that Southern planter* among die cam-brake* 
anil bayous, Western pioneers out on the 
rolling prairie*, ami imrdy logger* and Imp 
prra in the frozrn forests of the North pored 
over tbe enigmatic increagc. and wondered 
idly what it might mean ami who hod rat it 
there. 

Few people even in this city can have 
been aware that this bitter accusation was 
the singular form given to bia protest iigninst 
lira introduction of lull.* or orrtifit-uir* iu 
plar* of actual coin by Mr. JacktNKi 8. 
Schultz, at that time n young clerk in the 
leather lioura of Smith. Schultz, A: Co., of 
which coarern his futher wu ii partner, 

Till youthful virnlem-u mid (nMkomd 
iueffn iivem-K* of such au opposition augured 
lait III for any future political importance in 
ila inventor: yet hi" lb-aril on Mari-li 1 * 1 . at 
the ripe age of arveuly-five, rounded off it 
enreer not rally of uninterrupted private 
prosperity, hut of notable public usi-fulnrs*. 
and it will lie alncervly mourned by many 
who knew him only as a steadfastly upright 
citizen, cttnirnt In the upholding of the just 
demands of his fellows, relent U** in his as- 
sault* on all oomptlon and itu*govcrnmeiit, 
un*]uiriiignf hi* wirritld* and exertions wlit-n 
auy biwIi had to be limited down and tram 
pled out. liu earned this mead of grateful 
reraignlliuu and respect by nuray services, 
blit in repi-vlnl by the couapicuima amt Im- 
portant purl be plnyed in securing tbe evi- 
deiu'ii that ihoiuiiglily catablinlrad the guilt 
of Tweed und his uulorious gang in 18715. 
and hurled him from the power lie Imd no 
disgracefully aliased into the felon's cell in 
which, after an abortive eaca|ie and flight to 
Spotn, Ira died in 1878 This de*i ruble cntl- 
Ing to one of tbe liuwt gigantic frauds on 
reniril wn* largely due to Sir Hehultz. At 
the great meeting In-Id at the Cmqier Insti- 
tute on Bipt—hf 4. 187i. mi.h r tin- |*n-n- 
ileorv of ex Mayor Huvenrayer, hit wus tqi- 

E >l tiled one of ihe mvmtieT* of tbe famoua 
xeculive Committee, popularly called the 
Cumnilue*- of Seventy, of which lira lion. 
Henry Slrlihin* wn* chairman, and such well- 
known melt a* Wlllluin M. Kvurt*. Judge* G. 
C. Hnrn-tt and James Kmott, Gciu'tnl John 
A. Dix. Guvernor Kilward Hnlumuu, etc., 
were willing luembrrn All worked unlir- 
iegty, but Uie aucceas that crowned the ef- 
fort* of rim prosecnilon would, by common 
conw-m, have been less signal bud it not been 
for Mr. Schultz. By the exercise of natural 
diplomatic gift*, and by the influence of au 
extensive acqualntaiaae. lie persuaded several 
of the accuMsI, in esps-cial John II. Keener, 
to rxinfras iJrair share in the vast Luuspiracy 
of pccuhuimi. and their wlmi**ioii* finally 
•ewltd lira fate nf lira whole ring. This well- 
junllflwl copfidenci- placed hi Mr. fidmltc 
was but one of many, lie was for a long 
time on Uie Board of 'Governor* of lira New 
York IliMipital. a director of the National 
Park Bunk, aud a member of lira Chamber 
of Ciiramcmt. He wu* lira first president of 
the reeonslll tiled Hoard of Heidlb, and lie 
succeeded General Van Hnren, in 187H. a* 
l nilol Slates Conimisrioirar to the Vienna 
Exhibition. Ttieoe were tho sole olttcial re- 
wards bestow imI on him. for though Ira was 
more than once talked of a* future Governor 
or Mayor, Ira never contested either office, 
hut remalnixl mll*(k-d with public approlm- 
lion, and contented to devote his husinera 
tnluula to the protean firm be managed so 
well Six time* between 1837. when Ira en- 
tered iu clerk, and 1884 wlran hi- withdrew 
Into w< li-s-ariud rent, lira alyle and cmiipo.l 
lion of the partnership was ciungixt. but 
througbout Mr. Schultz retnaluod btouch to 
the work he understood ro thnrniighl v. Tlra 
dvloil* Of hi* somewhat uuaavgty Uadtt were 




ittdoed a pan kin with him. He 
the minutest technicalities of lb Jj (o 
art. iutroduced a new proceaa of h^.. 
Tcntion, wrote copiously atimit it it“j 
{ourualn. «nd cotnpikil a hlsioty s . 
walk uf it tlwt is still thr "tandani ' . 
Seven years of aflluciit freedom j^ w> 
•s tlra dtscrvisl rcci. _ v 
•.s- ludustrv. An houor*, w ,^ 
lories of In* fellow tOW IWt*|jra 
that uf his public beneficence )ni 

THE LIKDERKKANZ 800^ 

That New York U largely indc^ 

( him* u citizen* for the develop • 
support of Its mu«»e Is a Inca *hut |( 
di-nioniitralinii : hut it is in rrvle^ 
hirtury of Hits art during tin- past flj* 
thut lira extent of the Gcrtiiiui iur" 
best appreciated 

While tlie inuxirnl world of SiJ 
wn* lUu-iilug to the filigree nrakah# 
Itulian school tin* Gi-rmua tsiusii i*t 
vimclng sUr.nl III and quietly. Ultlil ii* 
rfaimed New York as lii*. Tlu- t«P 
forte* to-day are nuHlt. 1 by Gciiimiiib S 
music shop* arc iimk-r liirir rmitri IT 
era U >tiug iu their language; the* 
appear ** director* of all the latgi- 
ii|gil3lixali<iii-i: the music uf tie*-"- 
psurars predomitMtPN on tl 
gratnmew : ami a large prop 
lists and of lira audience * ' 

Uu-ia is uf this nation. 

One of the organization* that Iur 
them to Ibis power is the LlrelerU 
oldest German musical •ocicly iu N v 
This, a men's dmriw club, wa* raff 
Hie Sli.-ikequ-nrc Hotel, iu Wiiliimi '' 
January #. 1847. At first Its MrujC 
litllnereiUM mid severe-, uml it change^ 
of meeting probably a dozen time* if 
when tlravucietjr was estalfiUhrei ii" 
«IH Hall, in Caunl Street Here It , 
atxl prapeml umil 186 . 1 . when it rre 
No* g7. Stt. mid 31 East Fourth £ 
tween Hroudwav and the Bowery. " 

Tlra UrM coDiiucturuf lira Lirdcrl 
Mr. Agriul P*urr. who served fur t, 
year*, after which Ira a us made 
conductor, and ns-iisloncd with a Tl 
mi I il lira end uf hi* life. Thus far * 
ho* had tlra excellent Judgment t| 
alive, upprecialing thr fact that if] 
ale vraia'iimta unmindful of iIm-i/ 
officers, German singing *reci 

lu 1880 the directors of lira 1 
purchased five lou on FI ft yet iC 
between Falk and Iraxinglosi 
which tlrair prerant club houra £ 

Tlra president, Mr Williiim St 
lira earner st oue in Odober. INtfi 
vent her of lira following year Ev 
was ready for uccii|nnry. ' 


on lira rernff 
propi-rtiixi zc 
ice wbleli ^ 


111 Ibe'u 


r Ml ThO 


office for three venra. and wan **^ 
Air Relnhokl L." Hermann, w lw> 
18#fi. Tlra present eumluclor, .1 
Zueller. I be son of Carl Zoellcr. u] 
■Mlg writer of Germany, la a «1 
Mode eelebrily. For five year*! 
his arrival in’ New York Ire »n‘ 
of the ( <ili>gnc Mltanerr hor. U«w 
the [Jeik'tkranz linn accomph 
work. At it* lust mnrrrl Xavr 
Frau Marie Kilter Gotze. amt < 
OMsistnl, aud tile society perfi 
soli ns llllllldsliril ii|H-ra. /be 
w»* received with <iitliii*iiisre 
ooncerl Berlioz'* draiiintic t 
nliony of Rouun < iiui 
Thtt concert* are always of I Ikt, ,^ 
lait are- imlyocreasthh- to the nif 
Licderkrunz anil tlrair friend* 
twit I3W) scats in lira concert hi 
lioura. 

In 18X3 lira nvemberthip of t 
limited to lflOll. and of these 
DIO singers. The Licderkrat 
a churn* of 73 wimuii. which 
lu tlra singing of part music, 

For many years this aociet' 
a free M-hixil. iu which yi 
men of mlunt receive in 
■od singing. This has be 
Tlra pre-ldeM* of tbe re. 
Ilermaun I .ml w ig. one tAf 
died lu 1856. Mr. Oawn 
has served alternately 
way. lira latter having b. 
times; Mr RU-liarel Adat! 
maitu: General Irani* Hi 
Ham Ylgvliu*. iu* prese 

For alxMitlhiny jean 

"tlliltton of lira society, tfn 
Lualcrkranz caoniA la; re-e 
after tlra explnitiou of lii». 

One of lira must intntca] 
club house is the Alldeut: 

German T.*p-n«mi). w liidij 
lira fashion of lira tliirtec^ 
tlie tan k»i*|s, mug", glanre.- 
*i 1* and funiivhlng* are • 

<l|wui tlie walls quiiinl okl 
and provcrlw are- Iiwcrilniif 
gunge. One of lira nnwl a 
and one which greets tbi** 
entered, is tlra followings 

Jc ralillmaso itXi 
Which laiing Inuisluted i* ; V 
“J!'' IHei 


V 


186 





HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


were, bull 
from pure I 
<llll"l 1 lf-J 
da it or did 
of dying »id 


Juilicmc 
of Grand 
came orj| 
Moles V 


united 


able. ami |irfc,(" 
tbeir attend* a 
do not anj.i-a 
row*. and. full 
were allow. -I I 
barnraa ll.>- ml 
Bm In Hal 
way be coorrJ 
allowed •’>' 'ii ij 
ter. It «u 9 
null "u; ImisH 


in the wood-' 
•o much an. 
tinuul Rapid 


Ural fund I nil 
in the yn»r | 
added to tbe I 
her of other ( 
in that year. » 
the find news 
It nmal have t 
to publidi a 
there were fc 

cr ■till to ndl 

halted. Witli 
1M1. when id 
prnaion limy I 
although il l 



HjJ ft) 


J 1 



GUN-CASTING FOR THE GOVERNMENT AT THE DETULEHEM IRON WORKS.- Dun »* W. A. Roouta- 


by Google 


■[S*e Pa-^ 104 .) 




HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


101 


19; 


■nC* "-'sm. 





•U«iill hol«li°!S ®wX the barking Skve 
iv* the wo*v pavement iu tbe glare of 

• restaurant w indow* 

It'tisi was tbe cold he felt? IIIh fert fnl- 
ni i« lie in rul’d a corner and kept on. Tlie 
ill <4ulched at his very heart. Where era* 
r. oh! wlsere wu eke? If be could Itud 
r and her little room, where the lire waa. 
t would bold his linmb before it and wann 
a. and stroke hia head. and cry. and scold 
and pul him between llte Wiowy sheet* 
icr bed; aud in the morning hr would 
tc and arc her smiling at hi in with her 
e« toft eye» beneath her waving bnlr— 
hair that waved in ••crinkle*," a* bn 
rd them till, hr wa» «o cold! XV a* the 
** and wherr liail she teen? and would 
Flynn let him in If bb mother waa not 

InnkioK thia a* he ran. he saw a great 
n space htundcntng la-fore him. Tlsere 
*• wide pal bn through the titowy gras* of 
eocbra Hr staggered I o u seat. It 
**••**, lmt he waa warmer now. A 
*' : sremxl to spread upward from 
*» 1 Yew. he would no to Little 
•fifth Street when he had waled a 
•»n i bia pleasant warmth, and h« 

I ber. and abe would not iniud. 
mo al warmth prw to a prickly beat, 
*1 that there waa something in Ula 
If spat It out TIkuc waa a groat 
»d upon tbe bench. 

7' 

•■•rollicking lilt there wa* in the mrr- 
“J*»thal came driving with tbe storm 
®J*vlog Hroadway! What weird fig- 
•“vr made dancing through the anow ! 
J 01 mad wan from Nrilaon Place! 
d»n ilanred through all the town, and 
nlwvast. Mill arm in arm, they were 
•“•fiotmrwanl in tbeCbrislmaa morning. 
y*‘ng M nitre Amiran * gar Provencal 
■*® i all Ul« alundon of A vignon. Still 
_ *‘. aUII tinging, tbe) w billed into Mad- 

u!" cried the red liendfd law clerk, 
"■••le bench " What leave wo berr?" 
P**4: brother a little more overcome than 
•V " hiccoughed the tbin painter of 

alepi 

®*®iller of the two medical undent* 
•*°* toward ihe pro-rate man mi tbe 
“••Then he dropped on one knee in tbe 
" * • If* the man from Victor'*— Wotsey 
h 'im» 1! • he cried. “ Hun. yon fools— 
r^**nnrThage ! Oct nine mil, quick'" 

comrade* plunged mil wiblljr 
*B«ihc hotel light* lliat fringed thr 
. 1 * The medical student remained koecl- 
aR.e beneb 

J^Vlinl Poet's eyes were wild and hot no 
be opened "them, hut mild and clear. 
i a winning thanks within them that 
,.|*ho knew him uni no man nor wo- 
' \l ever resialed. Ilia voice came in 
*?**.r from beneath hU dabhlml Inard. 
"^'igl'i- 1 was — a — little child, be 
I went to — (I ml my —mother — 
dead." 

. • • was u crystal on the face above 
li did not come from melted snow. 
A l' rr min d’ obi man," wild the man 
^"I'arm supported him. "Don't talk. 
2* u» you through. 

„ (1 >k >>f fright and horror came into the 
^' i oct’s face at llir cheery mention of 
2*Turh I* kuuwu as life 

—no’" he gasped. " not — that. I have 
f hat it was— my Ufa. - ' He Mopped 
, "‘fug, anti smiled Tliat some warmth 
’• Tl felt within him before, he felt again 
in. „ p*' 1 atcb facet oh. kindly smile' IwimI- 
^2" oiling " My pretty mother." he wliis- 

* I The blood, welling, stopped bia 


mgtpk ■ — -- 

* WP P* ***?' thi 
Vi n#tl I’*’”*'’ 1 through tl 
■f*Jliri»una*. morning 
L”. 1 * vrU went on dow 
Mill.. a «... 


lieforc the 
_ tbe square to church 
morning The usual (."lirist- 
m on down slain in tile Cato 
llsotlgb live customary purtici- 
'totrru ,vrn! friMU thein.and t lemeoiine 

Jobs 


nest and arlf-rolinnl. hn lia* grappled bravely 
with tniverly and disease; he lias lived down 
the effect of tomes of advene rrilicism. Tbe 
true narrative of hi* life issen> vcly lea* anm/.- 
iug to rtwden* of this |iractici>l rr. than the 
fulik-tl account of tbe tests of 1 icrnkleM. 

The win of a poor unlettered Irish immi- 
grant, Ijtwrencc Barrett got his first ac- 
(plain Isdcc with the Mage as a call boy in a 
country theatre. At the age of fourteen 
years be could barrly fund ami write. He 
had no advantages; lie secured tin advance- 
ment through favoritism. Yet today tbo 
multitude, of its own accord, n-g aid* him a* 
a sclwdnr among actors, an actor who i- a fit 
cumimtiloii of •cliolsl>. Whatever tbe ctleul 
of Mr IlarTeil • learning may lie. it li not H 
pimv.d (wtentallously . lie Is not f«.j«l of using 
Latin iiuotations in' common cor ‘ersation. 
like Llinuinl Kean, whine so T ii a tilioua 
Icanilug Is proclaimed hybisamialde hiogm 
riber. Hawkins i in ihe conlrai v. till* popu- 
lar ewllmnte of Ihe aripiired knowledge and 
Ctiltivatioo of Mr Barrett is lauedl solely upon 
Uie popular estimate of tile value of bi* work, 
and th« impression made by bi»: nianeer of 
twoducing plays and his acting In Uh*». 
Wbal an actor know* or doe* not know, 
apart from the knowledge necetJnry H the 
practice of Ills art. really concerns tin public 
al large a* link’ as tbe conduct of his private 


cb learning is •ignitlcant. Tha 
intellectual force of tlie nctor has been the 
most iwitent factor in forming his repulatioo 

Mr. Barrett Is^t very g>»id actor, of very 
many character*, and lie Iu* pu*lucevl appro- 
tirialelv many gisal plays, ('<mi temporary 
judgment of an nrii*t s worth and nchlevc- 
meut* Is out to be Mindly trusted In llic 
case of an actor the purely pennnnl «|uality 
in 111 * Impersonation* U often cunf uiiwksl 
with tlie art cmployisl In them Mr. Murrell, 
for instance. U gr'nrrully bekl lo lx- » great 
actor of certain parts to which Ire is ob*-iou*ly 
well lilted by temperament ami physical bear 
ing while In other cbarncWint which he acu 
npiallv well, hi far a* tlie employment of the 
symlwls of his nrt l* concerned." bo U iot »o 
well liked, and rnrelv receives hi* due rimr* 
of praise. Hi* splendid Cassius, a part for 
which be seems to have been made, baa its 
full inrasure of admiration But CnMlitt 
iloew not fairly icjirvweut the sum of Mr Har- 
rell's labors, alihiuigli it la not likely lliat the 
Mage lias over known a finer performance of 
the subtle Knrann He ho* never satisfied 
the pnpulur ideal of Komeo, while there are 
very few other living actor* who can play 
that part so well a* he. with an euunl do :rei* 
of appreciation, elocutionary skill, opl dra- 
matic foirr. He is. in * 11011 . a man ei strong 
ami peculiar individuality, physical as well 
iu on- m.* I . Much an actor is sure lo be wn 
< laUri In tbe piddle mind with a few i«*n*,io 
the detriment of hi* reputation for versatility 
But Mr. tisrrvtt dswerve* to !»• known as a 
veraatiic suitor a* well as an intellectual, rea- 
lou*. and noblv aiuMtiutis oae. 

He will lie ilfty-tliree years old the 4th of 
irett April. He wa* not yet nineteen when. 
In January. IHTiT Ire made his first appear- 
ance in New York al the Cliamher* Street 
Tliealre. whk-lt had Just linen aliandonrd by 
Burlou. siipporling a novice, Mrs McVIsImn, 
III tlie rAlcsof Sir Thomas tllifToid. the Stran- 
ger. I lignum r t laiuk; Mrlnotte.Ixird Towuly. 
and Armand Duval He wae too vming for 
w» heavy a task, of ononr. although be bad 
been sn actor fiwtr years, but lire manner of 
performing it pleased Horton, who engaged 
him to play small part* at hi* new house, 
afterward call'd VVioli'r UnrdcD Tbnaire In 
tbe autumn of 1N&2-3. when Mr Bnrrett re- 
tunml to New Yotk. after an Bhrencr of four 
year*, lie had riren fairly to Ibe dignity of 
' h’liillng man." and played Important parts 

/R 

Westevn. and Mr*. Bower*. In 1HM, when 


bell, and Borneo. Hn did not personally con- 
trol the Varieties Theatre after that xanm. 
He first acted Kine I«;nr in New Orleans, 
Jiimntry W, 1*7-1 In the auininn of lg?3 be 
was agaiu rem at Booth'*, then managnl l>v 
Jarrell A Palmer, iu Caseins. Lear, and tlie 
title ride iu /Xint*i I>rnrr. l&>eL*uuth, a do- 
Blexllc drama by W S Gilberl 
Mr. liarrett iwodticed. in Cincinnati. Octo- 
ber 11. 1877. .1 ('»» Nterfrit yWefMcu/. nu 
original play by William Ih-an Howdls; In 
Clevelaiul. October !». |H7h. Y»riek’» /ssr. 
on adaptatiiin by Mr. Howdls of a Spanish 
play by KstelHulu* ; in Chicago. November 
'•'M. 1SMI, a Irngic play iu vena;, 

founded on thr Arthurian legend*, by Wil- 
liam Young, in Pbilnili’lphtA. September II. 
1808, ^VoaiYsru i/,j lhmir. 1 . .» liugic play in 
verse l>y George U. Baker, lliat had not been 
actrel for Beam a rpiartv* of a century. In 
the spring of 1*S4 he uppenred at the Lyceum 
Theatre m London After hi* return, the 
next autumn, he added lo li is repertory .4 IU'4 


« <A/ ' SrutshfiH, 


added lobu repertory .1 
i, l>y Uolsrt Browning. 




dr Hunvilie. In the winter of I8HM be n 
vised James Kenney s KuglUh version of 
Vk'lor Hugo * liertuini, and Mr*. CentUvre's 
i omedv ealled Thr Huwdrr. reduced to three 
acts, while be gave up a large port of tbe 
ensuing season to Mary Mitfords (aunpoua 
trsgnlv of /Aen ti lie ninducrd in Chicago. 
October t». !>««. tinarlnM. a four act tragic 
play in vers*, by William Young. I lie repre- 
sentation* of which were interrupted by tbe 
actor's llliitwe. Outdo FrmuU , » trugic piny 
in five acu. written in verse, by Oscar Wtldc. 
waa preslucrd by Mr Barrett In New Yolk. 
January 38, 1881 In the autumn of l»ul Mr 
Barrett Ixcaine tlie manager of Mr. Booth's 
tour*, and in tlie season* of 1887 -fi, 1888-81 
the two actor* ap|mred together In Juliut 
Oasnr, IHluihi, lb tnJri, ami other pint s. They 
arc acting togrther, also, for a few weeks, at 
lire pie w-ui tune 

This is tbe lairest suniinnry of the most 
iinpofunt lockk'iit* in a remarkably set ire 
career, and it convey* no iuks|uate idea, of 
coune. of the tremendoua amount of energy 
that Ire bn* expended lo obtain and to keep 
bl* {Hmilioti nu tlie stage, or of tbe extent of 
the influence exerted by him upon hi* con- 
temporaries lie has been com pelled lo ]>(%*■ 
most of his time travelling from city to eily 
In the West be has always been a pojMilar 
favorite. 

Hit ImsI |*ut, judged from every (Miint of 
view, i* Cuaaius Tlrere is not a false tone 
In lliat vivid, forceful. Ibornughly human 
portrayal. In recent year* hi* Impersonation 
of l^ireiotto of Bimini, tlie defonued soldier 
in the late Mr. Hoker s play. Iio* bad a strong 
hold on tbe popular fancy. There are pas- 
sage* of simple pathos and profound beautv 
iu hi* ucting of ihe ireglcckd pnc« llarcticll. 
lie plays Yoriek the jrater changed to Neuw 


udHiiit ihe buuw w|Ui rtsbkured eyes 
**iwollon face, in the third story front 
as a sheet stretched over a form upon 
jibe I red; snd ooe who saw it. and knew the 
wtory, thought -hia notions of til* 1 llte here 
km ! "hereafter being perhaps more poetic than 
yirccisc - dial not iu Ibe diurcb, hut in lire 
fcaiitfMUty of hi. Aluyatui, be had btard hi* 
mother slug. 

LAWRENCE BARRETT. 

BY KliWAKfi A. DintMAR. 

Lawhmcx B*aiUtTT has secured sn envl 
able |Misitlou in an rxnltcd walk of lifr IB* 
title to tlie eslrem of hi* fellow-men tins been 
approved. Hi* nblllty to do certain thine* un- 
commoriljr well is gnierally reongabnd How 
for the ambition tliat bus eusulnod him In 
III* nrdiiou* career bn* ia*B realtwd raniMd 
be told uulii his actual hopes and aaplrationt 
have been made known, when the meaaure 
rtf hia toil may be compared with the measure 
of IU compensations. I have no doubt, 
though, that many of hit eoatraipormriaa 
think him a wry lucky man. which U not 
true, lie ha* never lire* a favorite of for- 
tune. Chance ha* trevr thrown any gifts in 
hi* way. He lint fought against heavy odds 
for every Itaf in bia wreath uf golden laurels; 
Ota life baa bean one of unremitting toil; 
he baa encountered bitter dltappoiimnenis 
dial would haw discouraged a uiau leas car- 


sis. with u crescendo of psssinnslc fury llut 
never fails of effect. His trerfottunacc of 
Shylock is one of lire hr*l of this time; 


ids Hamlet U interesting, and much more 


iport of Kdwin 
HooiH. John 8. Clarke. Mary Pmvont, Lucille 
W« -**•- » - 

in iu 

tin* 

then under military government, he first acted 
Hamlet. Kiclrelicu. and EUot Grey, in l«’*ier 
Wulkik's romantic play called /;.«« iAj/- 
He went to Euglaud for the first time in 
1*«7. and after lii* return, in December «f 
H al year. Journeyed by the sea route to San 
FVan’cboo. wliere be appeared February 18. 
1*88. at Maguire's Oiicra- House, as liaudri 
Far l treaty month* from January 18. 1868. 
hr managed, in partnership wilh John Mc- 
CjI lough, tire newly built California Theatre. 
Ii lire summer of 1870 lie acted Cassius for 
the firM I lure in New York, at NiWo's. He 
lud played this part when he was wtcBiNI 
jr«nre old In ihe revival of Juliut Orsor al 
Nlldo's, Eilwanl L. Davenport was Brutu*. 
and Walter Montgomery Win* Mare Antony. 

At Booth* Theatre tlie next winter he 
acted l^aertre.Otlu-llo. and Do Maupnt to the 
Hamlet. Iago. and Richelieu of Edwin Booth, 
and 1 mnmiIc*i Iu abrautiful revival of B Vafer’s 
TtU He first «ct«l Js>n«-« Harebell In Thr 
.Win «' Airlir. by W. G Wills (taken frr.ni 
tbe Gennsn of Hart von H«lir| nt Booth *. 
Junv i. 1871. In Dccemtwr of that year Mr. 
Barrett undertook tire management of the 
new Varieties Theatre in New Orleans, wilh 
a fiw years' lease, remaining la New York, 
however, to aet fksalii* in Mr IhaKh's splen- 
did revival of Juliut C-tmtr Hr appeared in 
bis own theatre beginning March 4, 1873. a* 
Hamlet, Raphael in 7’A» M.irUt Hntrt. Alfred 
Evelyn Iq V-.-y Richelieu. Niyi.rek. U. 
an) flL. Daxxle In L » twtea Jasrsw* T 
in Thu St>y *t* «J Aew Mb C- 


Ihnn that, hut it is marred by finicky '' busi- 
ness " and unaccustotm'il " reading*," which 
term to me to serve no other purpose than to 
con vine* folks that it Is not a copy uf Booth's 
Hamlet. Hi; define* sharply the trait* of 
Cardinal Richelieu in Bulwcr* theatrical 
play, iu which bis tiding is picturrM|ire and 
powerful. XV bat has been said of bis Romeo 
npplic* equally well to hb acting of many 
other clisnuicre in the Shakestwariun repel 
lory. He dtsa not fit thepopiilar Ideal of the 
lover, nr easily reach the heroic height hn tra- 
gedy; but he is a good actor of tine instinc- 
tive feeling, who knows tlie effect of every 
pi »e and Uini; of lire voice and every (hungc 
of feature, and rarity outstrip* all of lit* con- 
temporaries. rx(V|»t a very few. in srmra of 
great dramatic force. Tire poetical beauty 
of hia performance of Gringolre, tha starving 
stroller in De Banville's lltlle play, waa ap 
predated alt tire more after we bad seen 
Couirelln's admirable, accural* tlinrnugbly 
real portray ul ol this part In pnssi oomedr 
Mr. Banvit act* with a Ughtneaa of toueu 
and an easy eh-ganer of denuanor that *ur- 
priw |wraous who have known him only la 
tragic rfllsa. altluiugh bia forte i* not tha ax- 

f Hreasion of bum«r. Ilia David (iurrkk and 
W"n Felix. Iiowevor, are [M’rfoimnooae well 
worth jcr-ing. 

In reviewing the Incident* of hi* career 
one is Mronulv impressed by hi* stradfsat 
loyalty to high artistic principle*. In the 
fare> of adicrslty he lias never wavered 
from hi* cxmvictinaa. Mr. Barrett b not a 
poor man now. hut he I* not wcuitlijr. Ha 
might liave ao used hb power* ii- i < • arruniu 
late ii large fortune If Ire ha* mil always 
been able lo mich lit* ideal, lie list kept it 
ever iu view, ami although lie lias lean com- 
pelled to do bis share of self aiivcrtiring— for 
the actor cannot live at all without notoriety 
- lie ho* never seriously offended gaud las Hi 
even iu that. Law rente Burrell's 1* a name 
to be honored. 

Mr. Sargent * portrait of llte artor. which 
accoinpaiilos tills account of Mr. Barrett* 
career, has lately been hung in tbe el ith house 
of The Playerti oo Gnumirer Park. 1 was ev 
In tilted at the autumn Academy Iasi No**m- 
Ixr. ami alltactcd n> itiurli Mlentleit a* any 
portrait iu the galleries There win a great 
dral of discussiun about it. for Mi Sarerul 
and hi* tminiH’r of painting are topiqgpf the 
li-iur. Borne person* thought the likiw s tof 
Mr Rnrrett was not true, but they wifw proh 
ably tbe kind of folk* who are cliafwred by 
Academic MnugtM->« and smoothne-- in per 
traits It is certain that Mr. IUrrettfkr* not 
sec < u In the Sargent portrait to lie silling Is-lt 
upright and trying to look pleasant while tha 
artlat entebes tlx* expresalon. No one ever 
knows lii-t when Sargent rolchc* tin- *X pres 
*ioii The picture has bran triun pbamiy 
mi limit to I to the severest lest Tl* nsiiti 
bens of The I'bsyere know Mr Rsi ”;tl well 
They have as-cn him in many m- ■••>:*. iiwiler 
many light*, mid umleretand htm. ^nd they 
have Isn’t tbe portrait placed where it Will lie 
always in their sight. 


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— m 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME xxxv. Mo. IT* 




CUX-CASTIXG FOR THE GOVERNMENT AT THE BETHLEHEM IRONMV, 


MR. LEONARD W. JEROME. 

Mil Lkoxaiiu W. Jkih>mk. who ha* just died at Brighton, 
in England, »»» one of III.- last known ami best liked in* -it 
ill New York Tile prrwiit gr nr ration knew Mr Jrnnwnnly 
uh a puli mi of ll»e luif, anil iltirinje the last tweulv live years 
In; found Ills chief occupation in condurting the several 
racing avovclikllnn* which lie founded. ISut for Hie twenty - 
liu- }nir* previous In lima be led n full ami busy life in'* 
more itorimi* way Seven ly -four year* ago lie w»» burn of 
llngitenix ancestry in Pompey, Onninlncn County, New 
York. Ili* craoilfallo r «»■ »' Presbyterian preacher. ami 
Ilia fullier a f.iiinrr of lltr la-ller cl***. Nlr. Ji-timimi. w lien 
III* u ih fourteen, entered Princeton. wh-re two brother* lull 
preceded him. bill lie did mu tinii.li the course. letter, how- 
ever, lie went lo I ni. hi College, from wliirli lie «a< grad- 
uated when lie vru nilleU-. ll. lie then studied luw in Al- 
laniy.aml nt twenty two wra* mlmiittsl to ilw Ini. In |nit 


nrrahip with hi* unrle, Judge Jerome, he praclix-d law fi; 
aevernl year* in Koclmler. Hut the |irdfi'*>ii>ii was not tm 
penial, nnd lie alandnned it to r*luMi*h, in partnership with 


in* hrollter Lawrence —known and loved for a geuerndnn in 
two continent* a* " I'ltcle Larry" — u newspaper railed the 
Jinlirr .luirnoin. 

Tina paper waa prosperous, ami a vigorous exponent of 
Whig dortriue*. Mr. Fillmore ir warded the edilora by mak- 


ing Lnwrence Collector «f the Port In RnfTnlo. and Leonard 
Consul *1 Tr irate, The next administration wax Demm-ratie. 
uml the Jrruntt* liecnine private clllrriis again. Both of I Im* 
brother* then came lo New York nnd entered into specula- 
tion. Leonard .leroiiK) III 1857 became llte partner of the 
lntr William H Trover*. Tliia linn w*» niormoualjr *ucecw- 
ful in it* various operations. and Iwfure the Iwwtking out of 
llir war Mr Jerome was called the " King of Wall Street.” 
and hi* coming* and going* were I entitled aa though lie were 
a royal sovereign. 

His gtHHl foriuiM- »»> almost unv.derruplial until In 1802 
lie UK* swindled out of fatgl.OItt) hy Aye State. Treasurer of 
I ii- 1 in Hu. Tlii* oflieial borrowed liulf a inilliun from Mr. 
Jerome upon bond* wliirli the Stale refilled to acknowledge 
a* genuine. A tew' years later he suffered almtlier severe 
ln*a by the depTietaimn of the ralui; of tlie shares of the 
Pacific Mail Company. He now retired from Wall Street 
spectilniinn. hut lie dill had an ample fortune. During the 
time of hi* grvniewt prosperity lie was nn enthusiastic sup- 
porter of llte l iimn lie ownisl the New York 7'iiw**, of 
wliirli. at thiit lime. Henry J. Raymond wua editor, lie or- 
ganized uml paid the expense* of like first grmt I’nion nuo- 
mu ting nl Hie Academy of Mn*ic. He was treasurer and 
like (urge*! contrlhiltor to tike Union Defence Committee, 
and lii- name lisl every auUcripllob fund Id favor of ih« 
Union cause. He founded the fund In aid of the familir* 


of citizens killed in the draft Hof*. Hr wn* not only li 
in all these piddle ways, lait Ida private beiievnleoci-f 
lurge and unfailing. At (hi* time no man iu New York 
morr popular or 1cm envied, and Ills services were put. 
lo a high degree. 

After retiring from active liusliira*. Mr. Jerome’s rim, 
chiefly occupied with racing affair* Before bi« rrtitt 
he had laid the plant for that famous luce itmk kino 
Jerotne Park, wliirli wn* the boiur of the American Jd 
Club for tome twenty venrs. The eslahlishment n| 
park and tlie formation of the Jockey Club mused llir »* 
nf repulalile racing III the East. Air. Jerome wa* u--# 
successful n* an owner or hrrevVr nf nu-e horw*. I. ( 
founded three of the most tinted rore-isiurwe* in the v 
Tlie administration nf tlie uifaini of the Au.rricaii J.j 
( lull changed a few year* ago. and Mr. Jerome wul 
pleased. In association with Mr Trnvet*. Mr W K i 
di-rhilt. and miser*. he founded the Coney Island J* 
Club, ami built the well. known omru- at Shrt-jwbeHil 
A little while ago It became evitlent to Mr. Jerome th 
course ut Jeronie Park would have lo he given up 
miirh energy Iso went to work to huild another e 
Wesichiwtert 'otinly. lie enlSieil Mr Monk, the t 
ha» nnuLe so malty milliouH out of his share in tlie L— 
Lottery, in the etilerfiriM-. ami tin- nutill t* Morrk Pai 
the New York Jockey Club, of which Mr, Jerome 




. ^ ubiug ut Mvcral ptouusuia cuuu^*' 


l.ttUNAIIH W JERIIMB. 


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HARPERS WEEKLY. 


193 



HOTEL WALDORF.— Drawn bt Hlhiibun Hawley after the Architects Demon* 


Ob*. 

»*.k 

xered 

tpeecit President. He reaigned after the flrwt meeting. Hewn* 
Tbi-solent of Ibc Coney I Aland Jockry Club al (be time of hi* 
ilowi lift. 

Ir. Jerome «m at one lime an enthusiastic yachtsman. 
TIm owned the I'udine. nud later Ike HnlUm, He was joint 
•eopfcier with Mr. James Gordon Bennett of the IXmntlr* i lli« 
hat C m-yiacht Clarita was not a success, and lie gave up the 
no* rrt- 

in k 1 1 early life be married Mis* < 'lari.ua Hall, the abler of 
aula i I*awrenee Jerome. They bad three daughter*. all of 
rmnl in married Kuglishmm. The eldest married Mr. More- 
ik! a Frewea; tin- second. Lord Randolph Churchill; and the 
wninl. Co plain Leslie, of the Guards, the oldest turn of Mr 
Julio I«*h1k\ Baronet. 

The ruaidencr which Mr. Jerome built for himself and fam- 
ily in Mnriison Square was at the tlm« the moat sumptuous 
/,} -^STew York. It a now the prone rty of Lailr Randolph 
l Tiurcliill. and Is occupied by the University Club. It was 
previously occupied by the Union League and the Turf 
./ulw. 


THK WALDORF. 

In the abstract theeriliral faculty when applied to arrlii- 
'cMiiritl composition might la* IndllTerviit to llte ullliisrlnn 
levs, uilfl Vet the one of fitness, appropriateness, cannot lie 
t-crlookcd. it is obvious that you may not de«lgn n prison 
k«j is t heutrr. nor a minster like a mart, simply because the 
-oifce of each building is fitted for ir*. pe'ailiar require- 
flitM- An odlfloe, tlien, is endowed with a errtnin ludJ- 

Iil'lhi^ iiotel construction of totlay a better taste. Uinugli it 
no liking for what is unattractive, discredits Ihe gor- 
oua . W lure In r vast city there i* put under a single mof. 

in n Iiotel. about the population of a village, a building 
ggestivo of a barrack would repel guest*. An altmciive- 


This hotel, the name of which, the Waldorf. I* now made 


n <-.-r t niii cbccrfulnCsa, aud at the stunt, time a dignity 
t too oppressive of its kind, are the r|in»lities whicli Mr. 

1 1 it r< ienhergh. the arrhilcct of llic Waldorf, has Irn- 
.gtii’csl on Ids structure. 


E ublic through Hami'kh's Wkkki.t for the first time, is being 
uilt by Mr, William Waldorf Astor. Tlie ground was broken 
early this year, and by Ibc fall of IBM it will lie Ifnisbeil. 
It stands on llte northwest eomer <if Thirty thin! Street and 
Fifth Avenue, and on the site of the old Astor mansion In 
order to secure ample room, several of the house* on Thirty, 
third Street have been pulled down The facade on Thirty- 
third street will be 330 feet, aud on Fifth Avenue 10ft fee’t, 
or half of the block. The arrfaitert has had, then, the good 
fortune to command ample room for his structure, and with 
such a base is chary of buitdinr up to the cloud*. 

The style of the hotel Is German Renaissance. In keeping 
with its name. Not quite as florid as is the Italian utwler 
certain wise modlflewtlor . German Kenniwuince acquired 
greater robtulocsa. Detail* am mote impressive. Localise 
But to overwrought. Mr. Jlwideubergh ha* introduced on 
the Thirty -third Street side a charming loggia, with an open 
story aWve ft: aud on the Fifth Avenue sale has repealed 
the loggia, giving to Ibis particular one a much greater height. 
The conception It eacclieul. since it breaks lilies and take* 
-nnec of conventionality, 
will hare twelve atorie*. Tlie first two *to- 
i be of Mnrnnrrt stone, which I* of a warm reddish 
hue, and the re*l will be made up of linlliinnre brick, which 
will coutinue the pn-domiaant tone color of Ihe stone. The 
embellishment* and decorations will he of terra Cviltn. nml 
tlie whole surmounted with a roof covcnsl with real tile 

‘ t the ' ' 

coming out from the sldeu above the second story and 
tinued to the top, anil capped with a rnnical roof. That 
dlfllcult thing, a ttne sky fine, the architect has succeeded 
in obtaining. With a fair width on Fifth Avenue, as the 
building bns a height of 1U0 feet, It will lie tall enough to be 
visihle at a good distance. 

Of all things in Use world, it must be the mui option of 
ihe architect which is of slowest birth. It comes haltingly, 
piecemeal, subjected to endless refining* before it ran lie 
wehled into onr Homogeneous whole. The romelv outside 
can be reached only by adaptation* of the Suable require- 


ment*. and so looks and utility have to go hnml in band. 
Five hundred guest-rooms. w itli oflices. restaurant *. ballrooms, 
court yards, mean somctliing more than the tiu-tc space* they 
occupy. Modern requirements ate influile. A mini not given 
to dwV*ing plans fitted to hygienic nceemitlea would give It 
all up with an addled liralii were lie told that every bath- 
room in the Waldorf must Is* so arranged that it shall be 
ventilated not by means of aliafla. hut by actual acre** to 
tiro open air. Mr Hnidenbcrg, by a seties of open courts, 
not wrila. has so planned It that' what seemed iin|smihle 
has U,u When a prn|»eriy owner holds in Ills 

pnascasson lire title deed* of all the ndjncenl ground, surli a 
tiling Is feasible.** in the case of the Waldorf. 

All tlie work of the hotel, everything that eumet Into the 
house. *11 unsightly object*, for there I* nothing elegant In 
a traveller's luggage, find* its entrance through a driveway 
ending in an internal court on liir Thirty thin I Street side. 
Below, in the IniM-mrut. are the elcdrkal and the ice tun 
chine*, mid that expanse of laboratory where cooks pervade. 
And the wine cellar* That alone i*u distinguishing feature. 


of 40 by .VI feel In winter this will lw rt.ofrd by glas. and 
Ibnranghly warmed, so us to be habitable. In summer nwav 
will go the mof. awl nltoy*. a bundled feet higher up. will 
lw the sky nnd tlie fresh air. It is by means of many similur 
courts, not all parade ones like the one described, thn't perfect 
ventilation is attained. Should there lw festivities here arc 
many dluing-rooin*. where future company will meet, and 
contiguous to these banqueting places a whole series of 
looms arranged so an to open fit »nitf ; and so can be Lad all 
the rrnuirements of n private house. 

We have flattered ourselves that, so far. the hotels of llic 
United States were fairly comfortable. A* imitation is (h>. 
since reat flattery. I»odou and Faria have followed in our 
wake. In the last number of Uaiuuck's Wkkki.t illustra- 
tion* of tlie New Neihertatkd and n second hotel opposite to 
it on Fiflv-ninlli Street nnd Fifth Avenue were presented. 
The Waltlorf. the subject of this article, makes, then, the- 
third house. All of them will add to the comfort of that 
world which visits New York for butincM Or pleasure 


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194 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1WI 


SONG TO A CHILD. 

Thoc Mule blossom in God's world. 

Thou child of spring-time suns and 
shower*, 

Whom* thought* it* white and pure arc 
whoried 

About thy *oul a* leave* of flower*. 

Shun not caressing hand*. that fain 
Would Mom I he gold nbiwi thy brow, 
Nor alight the love that long* in rain 
For such a gift of Owl as thou. 

Be loving, m thou lovely art. 

To all who kin 'el at rliildliiXHl's throne ; 
For. ob, how lonely is the heart 
That low*, and cannot love ita own ! 

James Bcckbak. 


A NEW UNITED STATES 
MINISTER TO CHINA. 

t’oi.osEL Hf.srt W. Bunt, who for 
twelve nan ha* liven a Senator from New 
Hampshire in tlw C'omgrtws nf the United 
States, failed of re election this wlnlrt, ami 
hi* term expired on the 4tl» of >lnreh. 
A f«w day* la-fore tlie expiration of hi* 
term lire Fn-jidenl rininlniiU'd him to Hire- 
mil Mr. Dcnby tm Miniaier to China, and 
the Senate almost iaimvitiatvly. in (MOlllve 
session, according lo the custom of that 
body when acting on the nomination of it 
in c oilier or ex member, couflixncd the ap- 
pointment. That i* commonly called Sena- 
torial courteay, and (be quick action had tin- 
thing in It lo suggest the rilhtld cmvMrueiion 
put upon it that hi* colleague* were glad In 
assist in getting Colonel Blair a* far a* pn*ri- 
Wc from Capitol Hill. 

The new Minister wits born in Compton. 
New Huropdiin-. fifty jrvrn years ago. and 
ta-rame an orphau before he wns thirteen 
years old. For four years Iw; worked on a 
farm and allcndnl wired when lie cimld. 
At seventeen, while continuing hi* studio*, 
be ai«i tun c lit m-IiooI. witb the idea of so 
ing enough fltlBI Ids meagre salary to gel 
through college Tbi* plan *» nlHindoucd, 
and he returned lo Plymouth, where lie Mitd- 
|ii| law. and was admitted lo pntdi<« in 
18W. Whh a year * experience at tin- tar. 
Itv was ricctnd prosecuting attorney of Graf- 
ton County. 

When the war of the rebellion liegnn, Mr 
Blair enlisted in a New Hampshire regiment, 
uud Ids company elected km Captain lie 
rose wmn lo I* Major and then Liviiienan'- 
CViuirel of hi* regiment. At the siege of 
Port 1 1 retain he was twice severely wimnd- 
cd, amt inritpctcituiiri to serve In the remain- 
dered the war llis legislative career. which 
has just ended, or at least been interrupted, 
began soon after the otare of tlie war. when 
for three term* in success'll m be w cboaeB 
to the lower House of the State Legislature. 
He then served a term in the Stale Senate, 
urn! from 1875 to 18711 lie nerved two term* 
an a Representative in lire Congress of Use 
United States. At the expiration of bis sec- 
ond term he was elected l« the United State* 
Senate, trad in IS*. re elected for the term 
which li»* Just expired 

Such an: the briefest jKtwublr outlines of 
the career of him who during Id* eixicco 
you* in Coqrmi wna tlie busiest of all the 
member*. He Ih said to have Introduced 
more bills, and to have occupied with npo-rli- 
e*. rep iris, anil preambles more pages of tire 
official record than any other Senator, lie 
will always be noted fur bi* zealous and un 
tiling advocacy of what i* popularly known 
n* the Blair KdunUiotnl Bill. This hill call* 
cd for an immense approprlalliMt of money, 
something like one hundred millson* of did- 
tar*. lo he diMributcd among tire State* in 
proportion to Uieir illiteracy. Twice he suc- 
ceeded in passing this measure thioiicli the 
Senate, hut on neither occasion did h» •’«"* 
tire urtisfartuio of seeing it heronu- a law. 

Thwe who oppoaed Itoppowd it with hitter 
contempt ; and those who voted for it did it 
lit a lukewarm way. ami beoaute in. Inten- 
tion *» to distribute money. Even in lire 
last session Ire lias worked at the measure 
with nil the zeal he displayed at flr*» Col- 
onel Blair was also an anient temperance re- 
former. and In favor of woman suffrage. 


THE WORKS OF TIIF. BETHLEHEM 
IKON COMPANY. 

C'AKKPI L observer* have never entertained 
the slightest doubt of the ability of the United 
Stall'* lo compete with tlie navies of foreign 
powers. so far as concerns native talent nod 
skill. But notwilhvtamling such native lid- 
cut. already displayed wo often on Oir sen. 
there hiu been inn much mason In fear the 
results of a foreign war. at least nt the outset 
of the conflict, bfCMilse tlie ship of war of the 
day requires yearn to build and equip. and 
especially because it uke* so long to cwtab. 
lull lire plaul that hn* tiecome neve* nary foe 
lire rolling of plat**, tire forging of shafts, 
ordnance, and other appliances, the manu- 
facture of which Is now carried lo an extraor- 


dinary degree in the arsenals and foundries 
of Europe . 

Hut l bowc who have indulged in such ap- 
prehension* may now rest at ease. There U 
nothing now wanting In the United States to 
i-nnlib-our navy to more limn hold its own, 
no far as OMKtm lire building and equip- 
ment of our ship*, since tire introduction at 
South Bethlehem, 1’i nosylrmiia. of an enor- 
mous system of madilnrry for the forging of 
shafting, armor plates, ami gun*. 

Tire corporation which is now engaged 
on this work wns conceived n* far tack as 
1857. when lire Soil COM Iron Compway was 
chartered, In 1S5» lire corporate name of 
the company »«« changed to that of the 
Ik-thlclicm Rolling Mill* mid Iron Company, 
n ml ngniri, in 1801. to tlte Bctldt-hcin Iron 
Company Snore three year* ago tire capa- 
city and mqiorlaucc of ltd* must successful 
corporation were very greatly increased by 
nulling into execution tlie proposition of 
Mr, W. H Jaqiies, laic of the United States 
navy, to cstahlish complete hydraulic forging 
machinery for turning out shsftlug. armor 
plates, mid guns of the largest size yet 
marie. 

We now find at South Bethlehem one of 
tlie largest iron work establishment* in the 
world, rivalling those of Manchester. L e Creit- 
Xut, and Krupp. The company give* em- 
ployment to nearly five tbownnd men. and 
own* properly along llie picturesque hnnks 
nf the Lehigh Klver about one ami a half 
miles in length by n quarter of a mile in 
width, of which some twenty acres are under 
cover. Thu tiror itself Inis recently been do- 
licclrd nut of it* course where lire works lie, 
in order to make apace for tome of the build- 
ing* and io shift tlie Irehigh Valley Railway 
to one side, as it ha* hitherto bisected tire 
work*, to the peril of those employed there. 
Besides the iinmcnae boiler houses, engine- 
hoiiM-a. puddle - mill, merchant -sicel mill, 
there i* a great Bessemer drpurtnient. tiuiil 
of atone, having an iron and slate roof not 
less (bun 1512 feel long nntl 111 feet wide. 
In lire upper transept Is the blowing machin- 
ery, worked by anil consisting of seven large 
engine*. Numerous otlrer building* I* wilder 
the visitor by their immensity and the com- 
plicated character of tire wonderful incclian- 
isniH which enter into tire manufacture of 
iron ami steel fabric*. 

But the building* especially erected for tlte 
production of war liMterinl ilertiand particu- 
lar attention a* offering more to interest tlmn 
any of this sort yet built in this country and 
perliap* In tire world. There building* are 
formed of iron filled in with brick. Tire mn- 
cbitw shop i* Ml feet in length, and contain* 
drilling machines, lathe*, boring mills, shnp 
era. and lire like Perliap* the moot improfr 
*lve of tire device* one see* there for hewing 
steel, apparently with tire care with which 
one whittle* soft pine with a jack- knife is tire 
great planer, capable of MlHWitbing a steel 
casting 18 feet by 15 feet hy W fret and 10 
inches The travelling pneumatic mine*, 
which move overhead oo nn aerial railway, 
lire fin feet spun, nnd van carry KiO tons. 
This, a* well a* tire other buildings. is in di- 
rect communication with the railway, and 
encitu-s may Ire seen at any time passing In- 
side to carry away tire colonial results of the 
foundries, either to move them from one 
building to imolhcr or to transport them to 
■be dock yards and gun factories where they 
are to enter into tire completion of tire 
great nnvy which lire country so greatly 

Tire casting ami forging presses were man- 
ufactured by Sir Joseph Whitworth & Co., 
at Manchester, England, ami arc located in 
the vast forging and plate mill, which is about 
1100 feet long and 175 feet wide. Tills de- 
partment has never been surpassed for simp- 
lug metal and forging w ar material. Tubal 
Cain would open bis eye* were lie to behold 
the line of furnaces capable of casting ingots 
of 100 bin* The technical word ingot, a 
term associated in the public mlud with 
blocks of gold ami silver, is applied nt Hut 
irun- works to casting* of steel iiefore they 
have been reduced to tlreir Altai shape ana 

K lislred. A shaft intended to be 50 feet 
•g, or ■ guu tbnt it to be 35 fret long, to 
r*«i in circular block* perhaps ono-third tlreir 
ultimate length, and of course much thicker 
than when completed. By forging and tar- 
ing the ingot is finally carried out’ In tire in- 
tended pro port ions 

The turn acts are healed by coal gas. A* 
the molten metal approaches tire condition 
required for casting, specimen* are taken out 
in small indie* and poured into moulds, im- 
nrediately nn liardcuing it is broken, and tin- 
character of the grain indicates the condition 
of tire fused mctnl The furnaces nro ele- 
vated on an iron plat form alxiut fifteen feet 
above the ground. When all in ready n targe 
vessel fixed on rails, ami singularly called a 
ladle. I* plaeeii U-low the furtreev. At n blow 
of a hammer a valve is opened, and in an in- 
stant a torrent of liquid tire, tlinging h (bow- 
er of spark* far around, roar* down a rhanm-l. 
and fill* the ladle with many ton* of boil- 
ing metal. By hydraulic action the ladle is 
moved forward until It comes directly over 
tin- mould in which the ingot is to be cast. 
Many pieces of exceptional shape are cast in 
moulds of Kami according lo the usual meth- 
od* But in the proems described here a 
l»rnmi--ul mould of iron i« used lined with 
fire-brick. The workmen by striking tut iron 
Isir through I lie Stream t A iron UijhI as it 
drop* into the mould start shower* of spark* 
w hick ignite the escaping gas. and tlie outside 


of tire mould is thus wreathed with rows of 
hurniug Jet* or flame, 

Whi-u one ladle is emptied another takes 
its place until the mould is newly full Af- 
ter this is ucromptislred tire ingot is subject- 
ed to one of the most tremendous prove**.-* 

10 lie seen at these extraordinary works. The 
mould is drawn under a hydraulic press, 
which is intended to fspieeze out ail (he gas. 
BUd reduce the cast to the very last degree 
of condensation nnd cIok'Uom of grain. Tbo 
press comes down with the remorseless ecr- 
t slimy of fate, nolselcnaly hut as terribly n* 
the knife in Poe's famous and horrible story 
of "The Pit ami the Pendulum.'' When the 
pre** strikes tire molten iron, flake* of fire 
are forced up that lly forty nr fifty fort ami 
tire by-startdm must keep clear of the burn- 
ing missiles. Tills press bear* down with 
tint stupendous power of several th>iu«au<l 
lout If one were to mnceiunitc the weight 
of a usodt-rn iron chut ship of war. with guns 
and equipment ami crow, it would scarcely 
be more Ibau the force concentrated in tins 
tire move treroendoua engine of mechanical 
strength yet constructed hr man. 

After the Ingot k» cast mid sufficient)) cool- 
ed. it is enrrit-d hy rail to tire forging shop, 
and placed, hy the aid of a mandril, in a fur- 
nace of c*ail gn*. and heated to a white heat. 
When sufficiently hot. this dangerous miui is 
placed under a hydraulic foiglug press. The 
handling of this fearfully heated block is 
done by hydraulic power with such apparent 
ease Hint one foils to realize nt flrst the mar- 
vellous character of the operation. While in 
this state — red-hot and soft— it i* tnrm-d an<l 
movtsl tiockward amt forwntd by meuriN of 
a mandril, and is brought into the required 
shape by Uie prem. which come* down with 
tremendous yet almost noiseless power every 
time it touche* the pliable metal. Tims an 
Ingot fifteen fret long may be prewrel into a 
flat plate forty feet King, i>r a shaft nr gun 
thirty six to fifty feel In length. Tlds I* ue- 
ccssnriiy a slow process, and often the ingot 
requires to i*- reurolsd. 

Tire forging of the immense guns b n in rut 
iBtoNstlag p roem. Thu rifled guw of the 
present are mode hy re-rnforring tbe tulie 
with rings and repeated layer* nf steel railed 
Jacket*, which are fitted .inn over tire oilier 
over Ibe original tube or barrel of the cun 
The jacket* or hoo|w mud fit a* closely io 
tlie guns a* if forming an integral part of its 
composition. The only way to get litem on 
is. of course. Uy holing, ami thus enlarging 
them. When they cool, they fit snugly. It 
is evident tliat tlie rxnct *t»- of the jacket 
and ring when heated so thnt it can lie put 
in it* place roust l*e a mailer of tire nicest 
mathematical calculation. The coarse pow- 
der now uwd make* such havoc with the 
rilling of the largest guns thst one hundred 
chante* are about all thst ran be expected 
from them. The Jarkcu and rings can I hen 
be removed, and tltlrel lo MMtlMf tllbk 

The variou* pnrls of a gun are not put to- 
gether at IMhlchciu. hut ore sent to Wash 
tnirton, W a department of the Arsenal called 
the assembling mom. where the lube is rifled, 
and tire gun i* Anally rtimpleted. A steel 
gun of the largcsl ruiihre costa almut $100,000. 
Tlie ordnance of our modern mvv I* tbere- 
fore one of the most cootly items for w bich 
Congreso is c.vpectiil to db]iluy a patriotic 
generosity. 

A recent invention now in practice nt tire 
Bethlehem Iron work* I* making hollow 
shafts for ship* of war. Formerly the shaft 
Wan made Mild; but it has been found 
that cqunl strength ran lie obtained with a 
shaft that is lightened by taking out the 
core. 

When tbe shaft or gun b finally shaped, 
it must be tempered and annealed, A sepa- 
rate Imildiug is smigiusl to there proeesres. 
The shorter piece* are brought tip to tbe 
requisite heat for tempering in a giL* furnace; 

tlie longer plena are hee l ed iu « p e r p ew- 
dietiinr furnace having a narrow door, of 
brick and iron, that weighs 15 tons. An Im- 
toeitro hydraulic crane, witb a capacity of 
10(1 tons, lifts the piece of healed metal am! 
plunges it into a vat of oil wane '*• feet deep 
A sheet of finmc shoots up wlren tire oil 
feel* the hiving metal, but ignition is pre- 
vented by a stream of cold oil. which pours 
in as lie- healed oil pnMca off. In any rao- 
l' I* necewary to use oil of low inflammable 
power, requiring at least W0 degrees of bent 
to ig'dlo it. Iu Europe, cn|» nr rape seed 

011 ft used, but in this country it ta cheaper 
lo use rollon seed oil. 

After tempering ■ - hardening, the metal, 
if found too hard after testing. I? placed In 
annealing furnace*, where it U tightly en- 
closed in n wood fire. Tbe quality and tem- 
per of lire metal a* it pnsre* from process to 
pence** are constantly tested by the excision 
of small sections, which are tureflllly HUMh 
I lied by a resilient bonrei nf govcriiinrnt in- 
spectors, consisting of two officers from lire 
army and two from the navy. Specimens 
are aim rent to Washington. Tbe Emery 
machine for lotting die eUsdtdty ami tensile 
strength of tbr sti-el is one of tlx- ni'i.t deli- 
cate nnd remarkable invention* connected 
with the manufacture of steel. Tbe (action 
intended for exnmhmlion i« sitnped into a 
red. with a screw thread at each end by 
which to bold it. nnd i* |ierl>«|i» seven or 
eight inrhe* in length nrirj half nil itieli in 
thickness. It b« tlieii subjected to a strain 
reaching as high a* 3110.000 Tlie 

exact point where it yields to the strain is 
marknl with a minatrncs* «f accuracy that 
la almost lncuoccivablt-. This text is per- 


formed in a comfortable enzv nparUnetl, 
where tbe (vh] is fixed in a light iron fninr. 
It U InpqaMl for one to realize wl»nt ir- 
mendoux forces are at work until he hc 
tire steel begin to stretch, nnd then bear* it 
snap os ddl 1 might snap a hit of twine. 

The hammer shop, now in proves* of cca- 
plettoa, will proludily lie regarded iiMhenu«l 
mtereatiog object nt Boutb Ik-tiih beni. (nt 
perliap* more remit/knbie for evidence of 
power than nuy mes'ltaiiirai contrivances yet 
constructed by man. It i* here that ihc 
plates arc to lie prepared for our growitg 
nnvy. TliU building Includes furnuecs rod 
a vast tank for toanpering the ptaieo. They 
will he iowerod Into it by travelling cniMs. 
Tlie tank is divided into coapartmetil*. ess 
bling several pistes to be lrcnied nt once. 

Tire hammer Is. however, the moat marrri- 
lous object in Ihc liammci shop. It wu* dr 
signed by Mr. John Fritz. chief engineer ns.l 
grncriti rupeiintcodent, wlio lia* been con 
neeteil with the works from tbe beginning, 
awl bus invented or improved many of the 
appliance* iu u«? at Sootii Hctlilehrrn. 

In tire dcalgne for tire bummer proper Mr 
Fritz consulted tire plans of Ire Crevilot. fed- 
lowing llient a* far as they met the- condition* 
of construction already sidojued. The entire 
foundation of the liauinrer room is arinaliy 
laid on wliat two years ago was tbe bed of 
the Lehigh Hi ver. which, ns wc have *ahi. 
was deflected from lla course, mid lire novil 
and lunimer frame rest on pile* Above 
these a msss of oydopenn snroonry bn* hem 
built, and upon that tlie anvil i« superitti- 
tHtii-d. coroiit ing of a lied of solid iron rapped 
by n lied of steel Tbi* anvil roptmui- tire 
trilling ntnouni of 1400 tons of solid metal. 
Over the anvil springs the colossal Traiue 
which supports tbe hninmr-r. This frame 
tawrs a certain wsenihlance In shape lo n 
Imtuwlixl tower of Eiffel. It springs in a 
height of 80 feet from a epteadlug buse wliow 
foundations are dumped drop m the earth 
This huge structure contains 475 loos of 

The tap of tire hammer is u square solid 
block of iron fared with Med. It run* Iu 
a groove, like tbe hammer of a spik'-driver. 
i* raised by steam, ami bn* a hoist of 18 
feel. It weichs 125 tons. The total weight 
of iron In this stupendous hammer, frame, 
and anvil readies lire enormous sum of 2xM)tJ 
Iona One enn perhaps more clearly realize 
what the din-rt plunge of a weight of 128 
ton* means if he considers that it U equal to 
the weight of two regiments of sohlieis. or 
1700 men, but having even more impetus, 
because concentrated In a solid moss of so 
many cubic feel. 

It Is with lids mighty engine that lire ar 
mor plates of our ships nr wnr urc to be 
forged. Tie 1 best plates hitherto made have 
been those of Miaeidertk Co. , of Le CtHIXOt, 
in France. The Euglinli arouir plnir* m. 
com pros'd of a Imcktng of Iron faced with 
steel; tlie difficulty with these plutrs is in llin 
prujKT welding IngeltMT of the Iron and tlie 
steel. The Selineider plale. on the oilier 
hand. Is a homogeneous incut of admirably 
tempered steel, containing ntaut 0 4 per cent, 
of eiirliou. lire outer surfuce being slightly 
harder than the Inner surface More res ent, 
lv Schneider Jc Co. have dainird tbut a 
slight addition of nickel add* to the tenacity 
of tbe steel, and test* lately made at tire t )ra- 
nsnee Department In Washington are said lo 
have < lemons trntrii this fact. 

The Bethlehem Iron Company has thus 
far supplied tire shafting and ordnance for 
the cruiser* Ann /Vsitfire, Srtntrk. mid FA it- 
mfeftaw. nnd is now engaged In turning out 
simitar appliance* for the 1/aint, AmfJiitnte, 
1‘nrifai t, T<sh*. and Terror, and 

a large niitnirer of other vessel*. In mhiitioa 
iu this series of iinpurtant government con- 
tracts. tire company average* nn annual out- 
put of 400 Uta ions of rails ami oilier tubcel- 
ianeous products of iron and steel, present- 
ing altogether one of the grandest existing 
examples of enormous physical power con- 
trolled by the isteHigenoe of man. 

B G. W Bkxjakuc. 


THE SEASONS ONE BY ONE 
COME BACK. 

What tbo’ the Spring all short doth prove 
For wantoiinwis and play? 

What tire’ lire Summer quickly glides, 

Like sun at close of day? 

Nor Autumn flushed, nor Winter blanched. 
May tarry by the way? 


Voting Spring doth in thine eye* appear. 
Awl warms to Summer glow. 

Old Winter larks within tlreir depths. 

I would it were not so. 

Nay, gaze not nt mr this*, my love; 

Full well the look I know 


Then bid old Winter hie away, 

Nor longer sternly gaze. 

Tlte seasons one by one rume tack, 

Let Spring fulfil her day*, 

That I may gather while they're young 
Some orange blossom spray* 

W. H. Patti w. 


VKMA 



The Harvard captain. Dean. better 
known to the public in the quarter on the 
crimson* vletofloua eleven. te* probably tlie 
must (lilltcull task of Ike captain* lie bn* 
;t number of VDlenut* n* a nucleus. a ml 
atemlam-o of raw mnterinl: but the former 
are not up to those tilling tlirir petition* on 
ill** Yale and Prircrton nine*. while tte lat- 
ler doe* not Mem *o promising. In calcu- 
lating on (be yrar's re*ull», however, ll muM 
not te forgotten that Harvard opened Hie 
season of '90 with prospect* not nearly so 
encouraging Wlinl veteran# ilicre are hav>- 
liad the lienufll of A liartl fought season, Mini 
the fad Hint they are UtatplIMf to -Mi ll 
drilling wx« shown by Hut tremendous im- 
NWMMM of form in die last game* with 
Yale over that seen M first. Aside from 
tlml. tte nine will hnve every opportunity 
for improvement. Dean b n hard, conscien 
lions worker, and will fee that Ids learn is 
thoroughly reached. Keen now the in field 
is having the benefit of praptiee in one of 
Boston '« large roller skating rinks. The lot- 
tery of U»t year. Bate* and Upton, will play 
this. The former pr nimbly showed ci vot- 
er improvemvnt than any inert on the nine 
Inst nntson. hi* pitching in the fluid grime* 
being very fine. Ho 1ms considerable speed, 
but he mu -l learn to control hb lem|icr An 
angry pitcher, nlsrve all players. I* an ntem- 
inuiiun on the field and a detriment to his 
club I lute* is a poor iMitter. nod not much 
of a bust; runner Upton is one of tlx: test 
back stops in the college circuit, tiuf lone* 
his advantage by being slow In throwing to 
second. He is a fnir Issuer and base runner, 
and. heal of nil, susceptible to Instruction; so 
there is hope of ills improvement 

On fiiutt. Bernik TiumMui. captain of 
the eleven, i* not so good ns star Dana or 
McBride; hut be l* * good improving man, 

u fair Mann, tad slow hue war. Net 
thrr was Frothingham nt second ten year up 
to CallxMia : but lie is plucky, mndr nn excel- 
lent record is a strong batter mid n fair base 
runner. and wilt undoubtedly show greatly 
Improved piny this year Dean b one of tte 
moat reliable’ men oil tte team. Hi* Imse 
running is very good, lie fielded first class 
Inst year at short. and bis billing .though only 
fair. "showed improvement at the end that must 
lie taken into considenillon Ihl* year ¥ Mu- 
tsin. left field, la a good bur runner, and fair 
fielder and bailer. Alnard.wte played third, 
and will probably te in the field, i< not much 
of a bnlsman, though improving, but a good 
fielder and fair base niBDCT. He should do 
better as out fielder than be dnl at thinl. One 
of tin- new men is F IV. Ilovey. who played 
short at Brown University. He is a good 
man. strong biller, nml nn excellent Iwh> 
runner. IV kilning the inter cnUegmlc tennis 
championship semis to have set him up, and 
it i* not |visitivc iliut te will piny Iwll this 
year It is too Isul tlml so go. si a man umy 
be lost to tlie nine, and .Mr, Horn should 
take into consideration that lie bus more 
cbnnre just now of w inning honor on the 
diamond thin on the tennh-courl. There ia 
abundant lime for teams later, while bow- 
ball to generally dropped after the college 
term, ff Hovey plays it will probably be ul 
shun. and Dean will take third. 

Of tiie otheh cakdidatiw. Corbett, who 
used to catch on hi* school eleven. U a gtaxl 
fielder ami bue runner, but a careless batter; 
Dlcklnaoo cornea from tbr Latin Srbixd with 
quite n reputation us nu nil round player, and 
may fill third-. Hallowell, right end on the 
eleven, played on his cilia* team; lie isu good 
bitter and 'fair hose runner, blit weak Adder, 
especially on ground bills; Cook, trying for 
out field." waaon cl use nine, and u fairly good 
player; Howe, last year’s substitute pitcher, 
i* it fair laise runner and teller, and a prom- 
ising man; lm- n benutifui drop ball and 
good control, but not muck speed; Cobb, 
formerly on Wealeyan nine, and a very fair 
man ; Machie played on Boston Latin School, 
ami U n good batMBlu; be may piny out- 
field The geneml liattiug of tlie nun due* 
not np|K»r above average. Lius Howtead 
nml Downer Irading, tell it will probably be 
better Ilian Inul yeur. Dorm nM nit*, tm- 
prove the Into running of the turn, which 
fast year left much to be desired There 
now to he n great dnl to he done: but the 
men are all eager In work nml detci'tiiiiml 
tu win. Hud that of itself 1* half the battle. 

Al'IlOPO* or the amatecr in college sport, 
and before taking loav* of the baae-ladl pro*, 
preu of thi* vriir, I should like to go on rec- 
ord a* asserting that there is but one way of 
putting on rail to all disputes coDcemlug men 
ellgble to college teams Make an inexorable 
rule that no man lie permitted to represent 
his college in athletics after be has Io n jrrad- 
uated In any course, or after he ha* bceu eti 
rolled a* an undcrgniduiile four COBMCtltlTO 
year*. TkmwflTlM bo occasion far di* 
pules over eligibility, no more special course 
athletes, when Midi « ruling I* made 

The okk.it demand made on breeder* in 
tlie lost few year* in consequence of tbe tre 
inetMlmis growth of Imrse - raring ha* net 

r Mnveu to considering whether lm ruing 
candle ul both end* simultaneously docs 
uol foreshadow the downfall of the thor 


HARPER’S 


(High-bred. Tlie two year-olds that win 
fame and money one year are lr»t to the 
public next The qutartiuu arte*. What lie 
comes of all the cluck two-ye*r-old*? Wo 
know the cupidity of their owner* loo well to 
teltcvc t hey are uitiutcd with honor und gold. 
\\ hy, then, do tlieir horse* not train on a* 
three year- oklsT hirnply because the mn- 
Jority nut thcm*elve» out in tlieir two- 
year old campaign. There can be no ques- 
tion that excessive two - year - old racing 
to n great extent destroy* the future value 
of lltc tew*. Tlie instance* are very rare 
where a two year-old that Im* been raced 
haul throughout one season ha* figured 
priMiiiueiitly tbereafter. while horses that hold 
tlieir form’ for two. three, and four vents 
hnve invariably teen raced very little a* 
two year olds. Firenze, to-day "tbo queen 
of the mnuing turf and sound as a dollar, 
has been in training aitioe ttfl. Am a two 
year old she run only seven times, it being 
"well into (lie Ktitmncr. August. In fact — be. 
fore aha fared live post Her only rival, of 
equal age. upon the turf to-day is "Kingston, 
who ti n two year-old in ran tell three 
times. Neither of Ibex* hones was lltc 
champion of tH). 

W nr he. the*, is the champion? He whi 
the unbeaten Trpmunt.wlin.as a two-year-old, 
within two months and eight days ran thir- 
teen ran*, in all kind* of weather and carry- 
ing all degrees of weight, and never fared 
the post afterward. It was believed tlml mm 
a three year old hr would repeal bis triumphs 
of tte prev ious year; hut the champion of 87 
appeared in Hanover, who as a two-year-old 
Imd raced uttlv three times. The rii-xt test 
Hirer -year old wit* Kingston, and the next 
Laggard that ns a two year old hod run but 
five rail* Hanover wo* retired ooly test 
season, and would te a sound ln>r»e to day if 
had be not in U7 experienced the lintdvst 
canipiign that a three- year old ever sus- 
tained. He would never, however, have 
teen able to run and win so mnnv rnors in 
■87. but Hint be had been well kept as n 
t wo-year old in W Tlie great Balviilur ran 
teit four limes a* n two-year old. the re- 
sult being lliat in Ills three-year old career 
te lost only one rurc. while a* a four-year old 
te was never defeated. Today he’ la per- 
fectly iouiuI, though retired because of l>u*i- 
n«M tenaon*. Terra Cotta as n three, four, 
ami five year old was a great liorre, f*ir tte 
reason tlml us a two-yeurold te 1 bad been 
<»m|<*igiinl judleinuslr. To-day- lie i« in 
tmieiug, und of tbe same age a* Firenze ami 
Kiiig*ti.n Probably the m**t notable nf all 
Ih Biirnum, known us the Iron Horse, who 
raced himself into fame in >U or 84 by win- 
ning tte Louisville Cup. This borer had 
never teen meed as a two or three year old. 
and ret remained on the turf seven year*, 
running and winning in that time more races 
than any two horses in tbe United Stale*. 

The ost.T notarijc exception to tte rule 

i* TetiDV, who raced seventeen times us it two- 
year old, ten wltli Inferior lionea that called 
forth no especial effort Aside from thi*. he 
Is an animal of such unusual physical powers 
that te would prove tbo exception to the 
rule in any ctes«. Burlington, known aa tbe 
■' Black Gentle man.'" was nurd only a few 
lime* a* a two year old, and last year lie «u 
unquestionably tbe champion of his age. 
The siuw may be said of Judge Morrow, who 
wua hut a oliadc telow Burlington test rcu- 
son. Both will te great horse* this year, and 
race in tbe same class a* Flreme, Tennv, and 
Kingston. 1'ourmiinent, telieved by many 
turfmen to te tlie equal of Burlington and 
Judge Morrow, and one nf tte great handi- 
cap borer* of the coming y ear, now a four- 
year old. wn* also raced moderately in hi* 
two-year ohl form. So was Hilev. winner of 
lavt year's Kentucky Derby, anil now like- 
wise a candidate for liaodhwp honor*. Not 
one of tlie re four korren Has the champion 
of hi* dare as n two-vear old. yet they are 
fifteen pound* tetter than any four year uld 
alivo today. Demmh exotrptod. Itemuth i* 
te-lieved to be as fust und a* game ua any 
hurre Unit bun I'Hiktsl through n bridle in six 

K an. Salvator and Tretnoni excepted. Bui 
never ran **> iwo-yctir dd. 

Fum a thousand instances ran te giv- 
en conclusive proof that excessive two-venr- 
old raring rum* horses — make* them weedy, 
tweak* them down in many case*, and ren- 
der* them nothing brtti r ilmu hlgli-chuw relh 
mg pluttr*. As to tbe effect of this extraor- 
dinary racing upon the beratsof the future, we 
inu»t wait fur proof. Nearly all In training 
to-day arc the get of the old sire*, and none 
of them are by any of the two year-olds (list 
have teen campaigned during the last few 
years, with the execptlnn of tliime of Tre 
inont. Two vear-olil get of the latter will 
te on the mr / thi* y«wr. but until tlieir three 
ynir rdd form it canuot te determined wheth- 
er or imi they will rare on. Tbe fact remain* 
that we have to day not more than u dozen 
good handicap borers w liidi have poured the 
three yr*r-<iid limit of racing. and only one of 
1 here, fenny. was worked hard a* n two-year- 
old. Unfortunately, however, there ulioil 
(lii'hr*, und thi* cxccMive two - year - old 
racing, are not likely to te extinguiidird by 
criticism. In the find pliMM’, *t range enough, 
tliey arc demanded by brtvvb i* who res k u 
niarkrt for their yearlings, anil tlie rich prlre* 
offered for tte- Iwreyiwi old duste* givt- them 
au opportunity to sell youugvlrrs that ar« 
well engaged. In lire 'second place, there 
short dadies arc demanded by the public— 


WEEKLY. 


curiously there teing more belting on a two- 
year-old reranilile (if five furlongs, with a 
■core of starter*, than in a mile event te- 
twvm Uic veteran performer* of lire turf. 
American* are nothing if not speculative, 
and tire majority of tmi goer* prefer putting 
a five or ten dollar bill upon a leu or thirty 
to one clmnce In a twoyear-old race, tbuu 
even money or two to one on boms like 
Firenze, tsrivatiw, or Tenny. 

TiiEiut AJUt people that confine their bet- 
ting to " short ” home*, and the two year old 
diialie* make desirable and generous attrac- 
tions to tte Jockey dub*. The In.ikmakcr* 
demand there short dasbc* lierauM; it makes 
the race more uncertain and tlieir cham m of 
winning greater, tire Imrremon demand them 
because they know tbul witli a fairly fast 
bom, and the chance of a good start", they 
have nln uvK an opportunity of placing tiii-tr 
entry with a reasonable prcwjMct of win- 
ning; and finally the jeekey club* add tbere 
short dashc* to th« card for tire obvious rea- 
son ttel they fill tlie club treasury. Thus 
we see that horsc-mcing bus ceased to te u 
sport, and bns become, inslriul. u eomincrcial 
enterprise under tbe tliiri*y guire of fostering 
home breeders, There is no likelihood what- 
ever that there eveliU will te eliminalrd 
from tte racing pnigramniea until tte next 
few reara shorn that tte speed and stami- 
na of our thorough bred Hock I* deteriora- 
ting. The certninty of such an occurrence 
Im made tte more Inevitable by the effort 
making to introduce tbe raring of year- 
linga. 

It i» somewhat Dt»APPx»tXTtSU Dial with 
the Ihictjuet t'luh here, the Bo*ion Athletic 
AsiuiriatHHi, anil lire Philadelphia Kuapiet 
( tub. tbere should have licen no more tbnn 
six ran testa n la for tte championship trophy 
of tire New York club. It becomes the more 
Inmrnlnhlr wlren tte further fact of the com 
bitted nretnberahip of there club* being ut least 
twenty five hundred U taken Into cimiildera- 
tinn. TIuTO must be sometbing radically 
wrong In tte prevailing idea governing tire 
spoil. Tlie game is left too much 10 rare fur 
itself, und there being t>o organized movement 
for its encouragement, the playing, with tire 
exception of a half-dozen or so eutlm«lHHt*. Is 
desultory In lire exiirme There i* no good 
reason why Ibis slate of ntTjiir* cannot te 
immeasurably improved. I* tlreie no dis- 
covery for the governor* of tbe racquet dull* 
of Kuiie excrlk'Dt means to tte drotrad end 
in a study of the progrewi of our Urge ath- 
letic clubs? No* that 1 should advise au 
adoption of the burndi iiu-iIhmIs we have 
seen tbere. but would not u little more life, u 
bit more spirit thrown into tbe management 
of the game, te productive of teueflclal re- 
sult* This Is a big couotry and a progres- 
sive age, and nothing can stand still with- 
out m»re or lew detrimental results. In u 
large club like tbe Boston Athletic AnocU- 
lion, where tbe game Is a mere incidental 
feature to a lengthy athletic programme, it* 
r*|MN-ial care may Dot te of so great Impor- 
tance, but in tlie" care of the Racquet < 'Uib 
here, und the one in Philadelphia, where the 
ntisun if fir* is the game itH-lf. its especial 
cure become* a matter much ni-urer the suc- 
cess of the club. 

To bp. sure, the oame i» expensive, and 
require* n great deal of jvrncticc to attuin any 
degree of proficiency, tiut this is not (te Mile 
cause of Its failure to thrive more utUfacto- 
rilv It* inUiresU require to te taken in 
tend and worked up among the members 
of the club. An it U now, (lie one rerira of 
matches In given at this time every year, 
ami that* tbr rod of all club nourishment. 
When would tennia, Iwwling, Athletics, in 
fact any sport, te if a *imil*r coarse hud 
been pursued? One of lire most intervating 
and Invigorating of gntucs is raciiiret*. but It 
sorely ires-d* cure. Why slioulcl there no* 
te handicap guincs ihmiigteui the season, 
clnsre* for tbr instruction ami encourage- 
ment of lire Indifferent players, und several 
prizes offered— for inataocc. for tire scoring 
of lire largest number of puiut* throughout 
tire season— Oats, of course, tusking lire play- 
ing of a great number of game* oeceasnry — 
best score by a novice, etc . etc r Ttera 
may be a clash of tte Utopian in thi*. but 
there can te little qncsiloo ibni it would 
greatly increase the number of players, and 
enhance tbe general prwqiecr* of the game. 
At any rate, nothing ventured, nothing won 

Ln MU therrht U U>u j^urnr, and who 
more *o than Mr. B. S. lie Ganireudia retil- 
l/zw tte scoientiotistscw of this happily turn- 
ed idiom. No one ever *ee* Mr. lie Utinnen- 
dla nisbing wildly lo meet the tell, or appar- 
ently telling it furiously hither and thither. 
The tell cornea to him. and be places it 
with consummate care and unerring stroke. 
Hut in tbe mutch for tte Racnoet Club 
championship tetwreu Mr. De Garmradia 
nud Mr. J. S. Tookcr, finished Just a* wo go 
to pre«, the champion Was unezpartedly 
lieuien. The game was ON of tte test ever 
(dnyed in this country, ami Mr looker woo 
tire splendid match" In magnificent form 
Thi* oect-milaies another play. Mr. Tookor 
having now to meet Mr K. Ls Montagse, Jut). 

At thi« whitinu the preliminary atrug 
gle* hare nil been settled Mr lie Gannen- 
«s bn* defaaicrt Mr PmI Dan in the rt>»t 
match in tbrvu straight gnmp*. scoring <-> to 
bbt 9. ia thirty five minutes. Mr. CL te Mon- 
tague. Jjn ,lw* defeated Mr. O.W. Bird, with 


195 


a score of 45 to 21. in thirty -three minute*, and 
teen in turn defeated by Mr. \V. K Gitrm 
after a plucky iiphitl teitlc. and by Mr De 
Oarmendia In Ihirty-five minute*, w ill* n»con> 
of 45 to 24 Mr La Mimtagw, who i« real 
ly one of tbe most skilful performer* in 
tire country, does not appear lo te in hr* 
test form. At times during hi* matches he 
played brllliar.tly, but was not able to held 
tte pace. In lit* matrh with Mr, IV Gur 
mendia. for luslance. after only n fair show- 
ing in Ore first game. Ire made a tremendous 
rally in Uk- second, and kept the rhampi--n 
very busy, hqt the effort used hint up, and in 
the final liiHoppoireut did about a* Ire pleased 
Mr. J 8. Tonker I»hh likewise created some 
surprise by defeating Mr K. W Glym in the 
final preliminary contest in twenty five min 
ut«-«. and with n re-ore nf 45 to 1H Tire fornt 
displayed by Mr. Tookcr. especially in the 
final game. OCCMiOSNd a great deal of favor 
able comnreDi; his aCTrit* wa* fairly offer- 
live. Imt tte noteworthy feature wou ld* re 
eovertss from the miter court, and hi* gen- 
eral execution. lie l*a mem ter of tlie B>«rou 
A. A., and nor of it* mod expert. Mr Took- 
er is tte tlrat player yet discovered who ri 
vnl* Inst year * cimrapton. Mr Dr- Garmen- 
dia'a prowess consists of hi* except ionnl 
Judgment in placing, and his reinarknbtV- 
service, which lie due* not make particularly 
swift, but extremely puzzling. 

How OFTEX ur*T THI: note of warning te 
Founded regarding Inferior vaulting pole* 
before club* will take m-mc action in the 
matter? Scarcely an athletic meeting hut 
that some contexiant lirrak* a pole ami te* 
n narrow ereape front Injury due entirely 
to grow indifference, and the disposition to 
trui-t in Providence lo getting through «afrlv . 
Every athtele club lio* n trainer, and he 
ought to te able, and proteblv is, to distin 
guwli between n good |«>le nuJ un imperfrr t 
one. It ix a simple mutter. Any one with 
three grains of common sense and the most 
limitnl experiroor should know that n crow- 
grained piece of limter will not sroiuia a 
great deal of weight, especially when It 1* 
turned down to about two iivcbe* in diami- 
tcr. and drawn out to eight, ten. and twelve 
feet in length. Notwithstanding thi* very 
simple fact, however, there are some athlete's 
who are nttrarfisl by the chrapnr** of the 
article, and look iiprai tte risking of their 
livr* a* of small consideration In comporiauo. 

1 iuii inclined to fully agree with these 

The oRKATKsr often DEM, bow ever— fi rst , 
in frequency ; and second, lacaute tbe) are 
practically itisoteyiog tbr very mutters they 
tire paid lo regurJ— ore the trainers attached 
to our large nililetic clubs. At crcry act of 
gantrs tbe home club generally provide* u 
number of poles, and these, nine e-.wes out of 
tru. are the wn-lrbed cross- grained affairs 
aheolutely unfit for use Tlie dealers ulw> 
deserve n share of romirmnulion Tbev 
get the imles turned out by men who hate 
not the slightest intimatioo whetter they arc 
luletidtsl for portieres or rake handles. Tbe 
role idea is u» get r-iit sometliiDg a» cheap it* 
possible. No rvputalile botue kImkiIiI cany 
Kuril stuff Id atock. A vaulting pole mu-t 
be nnulr w ilh great care, and of only straight- 
grained, tough, pliant wood. The firm, the 
club, arid tbe trainer should individually 
and (xditclivclj te prosecuted for criminal 
tx-gligrncv in case of accident from inferior 
pole*. 

When the Wunnsren Kennel Cr.t'n. 
In December. 1877. succeeded the Wrotmin 
ster Breeding Association, the xurcess of the 
CVnleunial show In Philadelphia tte previous 
year and tte tentative effort of the current 
one, lud aroused » spirit of eintilution in tbe 
Naw-Yorfcer* TlteoW aMoclatlon had given 
its entire atteulioii to the hrerding of iwiint 
to. and tte new club wa* of tte impression 
that the general interes* in dogs could test 
te futilit-red by an eelablisted annual teudi 
show It was with nn little trepidation, tew- 
ever, that tlie door* were Hung open on the 
first New York show, with Its tUM entries: 
but so great wua its surceat that the original 
two day * of exhibition were extended to rout 
From that year until this the growth nf the 
rluli *nd the eurrospotidldif Jutereal la Its 
work list Iwro pronounced. It* influence 
has spread throughout the csountry, and the 
results of its effort* bare teen most gratify 
ing to s|H>rt*nx-n From this pioneer have 
sprung otter clubs derated to particuisr 
breeds. at. for Instance, tte Terrier Bull, and 
Grey hound, all flourishing organiration*. hut 
the credit for fostering and bringing tu such 
popular recognition, na demonstrated tic* 
year by the l-'stO entries of the recent show 
inu*t ever be given the Westminster Club. 

The otter of the Amateur Athletic Utiiou 
to reinstate Malcolm W. Ford to tbe amateur 
ranks if he will tipplv for Midi consideration, 
is a pronounced inuiratinu of the muj/mum 
ea/ru I that demands iniriiedinlc and drastic 
treoUDcnt. If Mr. Ford will accept advice, 
he will not apply to tte A. A U. for reinstate- 
ment Mich a couree w>>uhl te equal lo cun 
fessing the eonreetneas of that august body * 
verdict la*t October at Washington. Mr 
Ford was declared a professional not no the 
evidence furnished, hut because the Board of 
Manager* of the A. A. U. hud the inclination 
and the power to do so. It U merely a ques- 
tion of time when tlie ten will bo removed 
and in Uie mean time even 1 athlete under 
uaudt the whv» and wterefore* 

W U'nmrrr 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 17W. 


190 





(lie spike* iu tbe keel of tbc Jumper's shoe 
will strike tbe wood mid Interfere with tlic 
jump. Tlx- six spikes in the sole not being 
bo long nor W) sharp ns thou- In tbe liecC 
make » tolerably even Isise fur tbe leap, and 
on account of their number there U no ten- 
dency to tbeir bolding fust to tlic wood. 

All athletes wbo have been proficient at 
the running bop. step, and jump have on tbe 
hop cleared la-twee it 16 and 111 feel. Before 
they can land tticrewfully on one foot and 
show Millicient strength to enable them to 
step right out for thr step, the muscle* of the 
kg doing nil this work must be eijuul to the 
task. 1 liese tnuscli* must not only counter, 
net the dowuwurd tendency in lauding from 
the hop, which is unusually severe, but they 
must also propel the albkle forward for the 
step. Referring to the division* previously 


HOP. STEP. AND JUMP. 

Tbe hop, step, ami jump is one of the 
prettiest us well as the hardest to perform of 
all lumping event* practised by lue modern 
athlete. It* development In this country 


run. The strp in tbe illustration was about 
13 feel long, iu place of 11 feet, but tbe mo- 
Iton is the same in n stand as with a run. 

The ruuniog hop, step, and Jump Is more 
popular than tbe •standing." on account of 
its being harder and also more showy. A 
amooth.levcl stretch of turf. 140 feet long, is 
necessary. This allows about 100 feet for n 
run and 30 feet for tbc Jumping Tlic take- 
off, or mark, from which tbe athlete takes tbe 
hop, consists of a Joist live or sit inclm* wide 
ami three or four inches thick, sunk flush 
with tbe ground. Tbe athlete a* be springs 
put* his root on top of this. On the side of 
the Muck toward the direction of the Jump la 
a small ditch, sis inches wide and three or 
four inches deep. ThU Is to prevent the ath- 
lete toeing over, for before ground can bn 
touched on this shin of the mark the foot 


l 'lausrti made hl« record. Henry M. Jewett, 
of tbe Detroit Athletic Club, cleared, in De- 
troit. 44 foot Vi incites. On September 234 h 
llte record went back to Boston, J B Con- 
nolly. of live Iti-.tc.ii Athletic Association, 
clearing 44 feet 10} incbc* On October Mill 
tlic record, although *1111 remaining in Bos- 
ton. was transferred from Hint city’s premier 
athletic organ list Ion to Harvard University 
by E. B Blots, n student, wbo cleared 44 feet 
II) inches, where It now is. These four 
men differ very much in build Clausen is 
a smalt, slender, wiry athlete, weighing 128 
pounds. HU successor, Jewett, is 6 feet I 
Inch tall, and weigh*, in athletic clothes. 1 to 
pounds. Connolly is a medium sized, com 
pact man. Handing 5 feel 8j indie* tall, and 
weighing 118 pounds in Jumping trim. 
Bio*- Is J feet 6 ladle* Mil. and weighs 140 

C link Tbe reconi in Great Britain has 
n for over ten vmni at a figure that no 
one in this conn try W approached. Tbla is 
ebielly on aeconni of liter good ground over 
there offering fur mnrr encouragement to 
athlete* to praeiiw the event, which, in turn, 
encourages dubs to bare the event ofleucr 
on their programme*. Tbe Jump is almost 
as common over there as a 100-yard race. 

M ii.cnij* W. Font). 


THE PARENT OF INSOMNIA. 

Tils parent nl or mkeliiliirM !» In ulus 

llun gtw* -o.-l sbwp, lull gv-l inn iiil»r*»»*. wllh 
II. Tbe In. In slid si.sssr*. .}iu*nllils>. Oils of 
tile prumlseul sympsmus >4 s wmk tuir uf Uiu c*»- 
«rlc organs Is « dOInrtanc* «t IW grrsl sere* en- 
trap*. Ike brain. luvlgiiials lbs •eiiinacb, suit Jon 
nwlorv i-rull tin hint I.. Ih» great crairv. A must re- 
tlsWs Btedlt lur S» the Jo 1 1- -o Is HaMciist'. Bt.imsrh 
Milters, wtilih I- f.r pwfrrslile to miner . ■ aretsilv.-s 
and poturtnl iinootli* nhtcli, ISmgti they inty foe 
a time Stm t supnitltr tnflnanr* lipnn I lie brain, mm 
rnw# In sol. Ste! Ilirellstd? Injsra I be I ms nf ihsi 
stdSMi* Thr Hillers, •« I lie r.».u»ry. test m« activity 
li* llie •■jotnllais of llitl at* •Imgnftant ucgsn. Slid 
tbeir bni.4jtBt lnHumcr is icdtclsil In metal stnrp 
ttd s |rnni|iill aisle of llw w-rv...« erelein A sfctil*- 
S..IIO imp-ill- W likewise *lvm k> lbs setbm of Us 
llvss-sud kotreW Isjr Its us.',— {Adr.) 


I .OVERS OF THE BEAUTIFUL 

WIT Is v-'r.-cd in trsni Ikst s mlleelbw of tsesty 
nf Iks Ru.ai Seville vtass Iu WTsmsslu end Wms- 

* '4 jawssje, by lbs scud. 

■"* — (hi rosues. or 


II Ha WINMXtW'8 MflTIINH UYHt/f 
I bc*n tool hr user IICj >*ere by m lll.me of 
IWI* hr llistr i .lililren w bile trail, lug wttb perfeet 
1 Mfi — the g um e»s ll sya 
Ises remedy *W 
'Isle III vvevy J4WI of Us 
« untie. -(Adel 


A SlTlPRN ITlAMiE or weathrh 
Win .iflsti tiling .* * utljk. Tlss IrsUaltaa which 
'Ud.icss o«glilug la quickly .alaCwsd by llsnwa’a 
lie .snaisi Ts -ws. • stiiii-i- end cdenlsc cuivksr sit 
ihnau u-iN-. rrve. SSevut. per l-t -tddr.j 


Digitized by 


HOPPIXO FROM A STAN Ik-OTiU- 

ninnot be eoiupnretl to the high stnndnrd it 
has readied in Great Britain. The main 
reason for this is on account of tbc poor 

S utility of American turf, on which »ub*Unc* 
ic game i* la-si performed. Some of the 
gras* In England unit IreUnd on which nth- 


TAK1NO THE STRP. 

lelk game* are held la centuries ohl. It is 
enduring, thick, and springy. It* root* arc 
interwoven to ssicli an extent that the effect 
of Jumping on it U similar to landing on a 
firm yet giving mesh of some kind. Forty - 
right feet fora miming hop, step, nud jump 
is more common in Ireland tlun 44 feet in 
in America The ground usually selected In 
ibis country for the came I* ordinary dirt, for 
'he grass la Very little softer, and ii is apt lobe 
uneven. When tbe esaoDtlal f until r os of the 
game arc considered it will lie seen bow Im 
portion soft ami vi t firm ground i* to do a big 
performance. The event, w briber dime with 
a run or from a stand, consists in taking n 
hop. which mean* Imping anil lunding from 
and on the mine foot. Then a step is taken, 
which ncccsnl talcs the athlete lsniling on the 
foot opposite to tbe one wiih which he step*. 
Tlic rind part is a jump, wlili li eousUt.i of 
Insplng from Uie fi>il on which the athlete 
land- from the step, and rveutiwlly landing 
mi both feet. To clear a distance of 48 feet, 
good divisions would he a* follows: bop. 18 
fret; step. 13 feet; jump. 13 foot, The bop 
i* t be largest division, on nccounl of having 
dm benefit of all Uie momentum of the run. 
It can readily he imagined whit n jar to tbe 
albkle it U to clear a distance of 111 feet and 
land on one foot on comparatively hard 
ground In the running boiuil Jump 28 feet 
has Iwen clean'd, hut the alhkle tin* dug up 
•lift in which to laud. It is not *» with the 
bop. step, and jump, and one who practise* it 
must he In good condition, or hit leg muscles 
will suffer. 

A description of the hop, step, and Jump 
from a stand still « lli-t lu order, for liegin- 
mgl should practise in thi* way More trying 
dm pilin' wiih n run. There i* a great dir 
furvnci' In the records lietwecn gtaniliag and 
running, the former being ‘Jtl f«»T II inches, 
■id Hu- Uirer 48 fret !t inches. Tim illu-ira 


must lie put over 
the edge of the 
wood so far I hat 
it will slip down 
In llw ditch and 
thereby spoil the 
Jump.' for no 
spring can Im tak- 
en when the foot 
k in such a piwi 
lion. After one 
has breome arcus, 
looted to tins de- 
vice he will not 
mind tbe mini- 
mum precipice 
which threaten* 
strained tendon 
and wrenched an- 
kles. for he will lie 
able to gauge his 
strides while run- 
ning so accurately 
that tbe foot lie 
bops with will be put *i|tmrely on the board 
take-off Tbe Uke-off must not lie over six 
Incites whle. or Just enough to cover the 
front part of the jumper's foot, if it is wider. 


mentioned of a 
48-foot hop. step, 
and jump, a fur- 
ther explanation 
of how an athlete. 

lint » nt'M. •"« 

feet, cun only step 
13 feet. Is llial 
the hopping leg, having so milch to do la 
prevent the athlete from sinking to the 
ground lifter the hop. has little strength left 
to push him furtlx-i for another leap. Any 
one being unused to tlm game will, after tak- 
ing a comparative! v I'ii! hop. fall right to the 
ground with the other foot, his one kg heing 
unable to keep him up in position to give a 
step. There •« liUlr jar on landing from I ho 
step, for the distance rlcart'd is cotuparaUvelr 
small. The athlete is able to gather himself 

rb! 

the neigh 

bcirhoixl of 17 reet. When it is rememla red 
that all of this hopping, stepping, and Jump- 
ing is generally done on hard ground, it can 
easily lie Imaginrd what strong leg muscles 
tbunc who have made records at the game 
must have, 

The nioolnc hop, step, and Jump in Amer- 
ica lias attmcii'l great attention daring the 
oust summer, anil there has hreu nil unparal- 
leled serit* of record breaking tietfontiancea 
at it. At Boston. August Alb. J. il. ('Intisen. 
of the Boston Athletic Association, cleared 
44 feel 3 inches, breaking tbe best Amcricau 
amateur record. 44 feet If inches, which had 
stood since May, 1881. Eleven days after 


inches, math! in thr same competition when 
J. \V. Rich mod-- the best record. It will 
M< ws-n that Pritchard is st muling on his right 
fool, nud I* niAiMrilvrillg bis oilier leg mid 
arm* a» ls'»l lie can to ncipiirr name niotnrn- 
tutu for tbe hop Thl- bop will lie only 
alsiut 7 feet, mrnsuml from toe to Irerl 
Hi* *»•'{! will nuix-ure trt*u hr*-l to heel 
alsiut II fret, anil hi* Jump from heel to 
heel a little short of 12 feet. In thu middle 
of the step he will re-rmblc the illustration 
' Taking the Step." allliough he was photo 
graphed here while duiug Uie game with a 



KITED STATES COPYRIGHT TO FOREIGN AUTHORS. 


BY HUSKY LOOMIS NELSON. 


T HE OoMtlUlllon of the United 
State* 4 L, 8) declare* that "The 
Congrra* shall bav* Bower io 
promote i lie I’rjgrxM of Science 
iiikI useful Art*, 1/v securing for 
limited Tlmw to Author* iiud lnvcnter* ilw 
exclusive High! lo tlrelr re-is-ctive \Vritiug* 
•oil Discover)#*. " Copyright L- tbe absolute 
control which the law give* to Uib mithor of 
hi* work of art or literatim?. l/nder the copy- 
right law lu- it defended by (hr government 
against tbc unaotliiirLa.il reproduction of ins 
book, hb picture, hte obllt dramatic or mu- 
sical composition. engrnvin g, jiwluliag, draw- 
in if. or statue. Tin? ideas and fauctr*, the 
farts iiinl muoning. of n writer or » urtia 
are col protected. Nothing come* witiiiu the 
intent of a copyright law except the form In 
which the author clothe* the product of bb 
mearcli, hi* fancy. or hi* imagination. Mr. 
Howell*'* copyright. for example, covers bb 
stories os lie tells them Any one else may 
tell i he same dories in h different way. with- 
out being guilty of on infringement uu Mr. 
Howells'* copyright * 
lolclk-Ctunl property and malrriiii proper- 
ly are not on [lie smite footing. The author 
own* bis book fora term of year*, ibe man- 
ufacturer owns his piece of woollen good* a* 
long os be sees fit to keep il. When the copy- 
right on a book expire, any one may ptiui 
that particular work, and offer it for sale. 
The low doc* not rtx a period on the arrival 
of which the public may enter u manufac- 
turer’* warehouse, lake the goods from hi* 
shelves, anil sell them in Ibe market 4 
It will be seen tlml copy right limits as Wei) 
ae protects the author s property. It Is not 
an ulaative right. It i* not nearly so exten- 
sive, for example, a* n potent, which protects 
the inventor* idea* a* well as the furrn In 
w blcii lie uxpnwwa them. Yet even this small 
right hns bum always denied by Ibe United 
hmies to foreign author* and artiMs. The 
law passed March 4th (An Act to amend the 
Rev bed ^imuim relating to Copyright) dona 
not grant it without limitations. It simply 
bestows nimd author*, whether nstiv.- or for- 
eign, the exclusive privilege of selling their 
owu works for Ibe statutory term of years. 
provHlnl tlrey print their hunk* lit the l niled 
Slates from i) |« set Id thl* country. This i* 
Ilia result of it concession. or a waiver, on the 
purl of American author*, who, squally with 
foreign authors, an* debarred from copyright 
unless llnrir bonks arc printed in this rottn- 
try. Anicririm author* thus relinquish the 
right they have heretofore cji J oyed of piihli- 
rution in the United Stairs liy the Imjiurtu- 
tion of foreign plate* or (slition*. 

Tlic iikmhI law, however, 1* a very Im- 
portant gain over tlto old and discrultialile 
Male of affairs, of wliieli nulhoni oil both 
sides of the oceen have latterly complained 
ever since America berume a market for 
wurlcn of art and lkletutiire The struggle 
for an international copyright law Inis been 
going on iu Congr*** and 111 the itcwspupcr 
prv'** ainro early in the century. Literary 
piracy," ilh it ism* came to be technically 
known,' was practised Iwtb in England sod 
in ibis rouutry. Nileablc look* of hotli 
American and* British author* were freely 
republished in Use foreign country without 
reward to HtHr writer*. To wlut extent 
British publisher* luive offended III Ibis re- 
spect Is shown in Mr. Brainier Matthew* s 
admirable pamphlet entitled " American 
Authors am I British PiruUw." At the same 
time it must la? <suifeo*tsl that English law 
lias been more lim-ral to fon-ignm than lltc 
law of ilie United Htsld. I'ndttr the former, 
a foreigner might w»cure British copyright 
lsy prior publicutiiHi witfaiii the United King- 
dom; while under the various ncU of (on- 
gre«« no one but a "citizen of the Uultcd 
States, or a raaUlaai therein. ' could secure 
copyright, the law declaring that ''nothing 
tlwreitt shall bo construed to prohibit the 
printing or tala of any book 'Written by 
any person not a rlliawi of the United Siati-a 
Ivor ri-siilcnl therein.” CougreM. by llie pas- 
sage of the present amended copyright law. 
baa exli-mti-d Ui foreign author-, anil inven 
lore die exclusive right Io their respective 
writing* and diacoveri**.” 

In 1818 tin? sale uf Sir Walter (icon's works 
in the (luited Stale* bad reached important 
proportions. Iu l Will, when Scoti needed 
every penny tliat his |k-u could bring him, 
Janie** Fciiinniri* Cooper prop****! to him * 
mode of publishing in the United Slates by 
entering the book tut the property of a cltlxeij. 



Scott adds, in bis Journal, "I will think of 
this.'' Writing again on the following day, 
lie expresses his purpose tlml his American 
renders shall not t*c compelled to pay higlvcr 
price* for his works liy reason of the sug- 
gest«i| copyright. The following passage, 
omitted by I-ockknri. umwurs in the recently 
|eu I dished Journal : ‘ Tlic former [L'oopcr] 
seems unite serious ill desiring the American 
nltoii»pP"Tmast, however, take cure not to 
give such a ntuno|xily n* to prevent the 
American public from receiving tlm work* at 
the prices they are accustomed to. I llilulc 
I may as wvll try If the tiling can lie done " 

Scull reciignizrd n difllcuily that lias al- 
ways stood In the path of imeroiiiionsl 
copyright. The fuel (but people of moder- 
ate means In the United States aro book- 
buyers renders it essential that hooks should 
be cheaper here IIwd In England, and tlvc 
fear whidi suggested itself to dcoit, that the 
auaiumeiit of copyright by foreign autbom 
would increase the' emit of litcmture, lias fur 
nlsbvd argument to tbc opponent* of any form 
of iutcrnulinunl copyright. Althoiigli there 
wai never any ground to fear tlml Amerlrau 
puldisber* would injure their own market bv 
uoiluly increaalDg the cost of their ware*. It 
U interesting to noic that so great an observer 
in the art of bunk «i-lliug appreciated the ne- 
cessity and tbcilcsiruhlencM of keeping down 
the price of books in tills country, lie roc- 
ngnir.4-d I lie fart tbnt British melluxls of pul>- 
lieutiou preiaillug in bis day Would uut do 
in AmctHMi. 

Fur tbc many years during w klch the agi- 
tation for inicrnuiinnnl copyright went on 
oil both sidtrj of the wnter, every jmpular 
English writer complained of unaiithoriml 
American reprials, wliiJe the authors of Ibe 
United Slate* whom fame reached lwyond 
the bonlera of their owu land hud e-jiml 
cause for complaint agninst British juihlicw- 
liou. Mauy publiiliers. hulh British snd 
American, agreed with the autlior* in desir- 
ing n belter and more Milisfudory state of 
affaii* The most reputable men of the cruft 
in this country paid royally or made some 
pecuniary ackuoaUitgirnuit to the foreign 
writers whose Iwuk* they reprinted, but il 
wiu orccwnrily innde<|uatc on a count of the 
eirinenl of risk of <.Mai|*tiliuu from uuim- 
thorixed editions. At the same time a nile 
of comity oldaliicxl belweeu Amoriciui pub- 
lisher* ol tire Unit rank which protected the 
(lublisher whose enterprise or sagacity en- 
abled hint lo first premeut a foreign autlvor to 
the American public, and under (Ids " Luw 
of Trade Courteey " hundreds of tboo<an*is 
or duliars have been iHtiil by Ainericau jmb- 
Ushers to foreign author*. But this slate of 
affuirs could not Inst, es(M?eially us, fur uudv 
year*. Brlli*h publislKt* li»d been reprinting 
all the foreign books that could be sold in 
the United Kingdom. 

For a long lime the country was Hooded 
with cheap literature. Much of it was of the 
very best. But the daisies were soon ex- 
hausted. Thou the Unit of modem authors 
were taken up. Their lnnks were unahle, 
however, to kvop live stream full. The pub- 
lisher* of live "< !mj*p libraries" wens obliged 
to print tliclr editions at stated times iu or- 
ilcr to avail Uiemwlves of liiu cheap rates of 
postage eslablislwil for periodicals, and 8i>n»c 
of tlic'cn maintained tlicinsclves by reprinting 
as much detllitig literature as the' law s of Ibe 
Unilrd Stab-* pcrtuituxl. 

It was this slate of affairs that gave force 
and energy to the copyright morcincni which 
had been going on feebly and somewhat 
h<>|irh»sly for many years. The evil* of tliia 
nun strained bltsiiM-ss, however, had nearly 
*( 0 !nt their force when Cooere** filially nctou 
on the bill which him now become a luw. 

In S*:t? lli T.iy i’!iy i-rwcuud to Con 
gvc*e a prlitmu of ibili i Ulburn asking fur 
copyright jw*H«ctloii fwr tbalr work*. Thla 
fsetiiiivo Wi« rereriv(r-;o*« select committee, 
consixilng of i lay, kYchvtvr. BuchatMir. Free 
ten, nu J Ewing. Tbu c i i aitbc n-portisl in 
favor of granting tire pc til loo, but no action 
wan taken upon urn report, and the matter 
•lumbered. 

In IMS. two years after Mr Charlca Dick 
ms's copy liclit crusade through the country. 
Mr George P Putnam prerented to CongroM 
a memortal signed by nluety -seven pub 

Ibhcr*. printers, and binder*. In thin peti- 
tion it win decUrcit that Ibe nbrewce of (n 
Icrnutional copyright was alike iujurionia to 
the bireiiw** of’ pubilahlug, and lo the best 
Interests uf the jieoplr." 

Nearly half n century ago. therefore, the 
publishers, printer*, and book binders, i he com 
mercial mei orechsuleal partners lu Ibe bust, 
ntoa of IxHik-raiiking, moved for wmc form uf 
international copyright. There was never a 
time when those who were actively engaged 
in the Iui-iucm of book-making did not reaU 
ixi? the forrr and signiflraiH'u of lire fact ro- 
cuguin*l by trir Waller Scott tlua bruAs in 
Amerira wrre cheap, and that unltoa tbc 
character of the market were changed , book* 
must remain cheap, Tire introduction of 
tire e.x|M.'b»ive method* of ]Hihli*hing whirli 
had for many years prevailed In Great Brit, 
ain *« feared, unii it was prccfecly thb> 
fear which retarded tire granting of the peti 
lions tent to Congress The character of 


lire American market, without lire system uf 
London circulating libraries, impoteible hy 
reason of the (Treat extent of a sparsely set- 
tled tcailory, demanded that the foreign nu. 
tlrer hlmulil conse-nt to a limitation upon tbc 
general privilege of copyright and waive tbe 
power to choose bis printer for the United 
Tfiatc* except from among priniejj^dii this 
country. It would be a serioii* wa»tc of 
time lo ditcutu tire abstrac t question of right 
or wrong involved lit (hi* sLute of affairs. It 
commuted a foci which bad to be recognized, 
and which practical men did recognize. 

It wire not merely a ctrec of ln»latei*ce on 
the part of Atuerleun publisher* and printers. 
British authors ngrecd that tbe Americans 
were right io urging that foreign books copy 
righted in this country should be also print- 
ed ami published here Mr Matthew Ar 
nold.wbo «u not entirely fair to tbe Uoited 
Stales either on LbL* or other subject*, writ- 
lag il) the b'irt«igkil)f Btttett, in March, 1880, 

Mid thi*: 

"The Ainericau* ought not to subunit to 
our absurd system nf dear book* I an) sure 
they will not, and. on a lover of civiliziuiou, 

1 should la- sorry, though I ant an author. 
If they did. 1 lio]» they will give u* copy- 
nglii ; tmi ( hope. abo. that they will sjlck 
to Michel Levy's excellent doctrine. ' Clieap 
liooks are a occe»*ity which need bring, 
moreover, no loss to either author* or pub- 

Iu ltG'j there was ]>u Wished in England, iu 
rwpoiiM- lo a vigorous letter to the 7iw« 
from Mr. W. H. Appleton, a memorial de- 
clar ag that " thu American* have Mrong tea 
»ou* for refusing to permit the Britidi )iulu 
li*hcr to *hnre in tire copyright which they 
are willing to grant to the British aulltor. 
Among the signer* of this memorial were 
Horliert Dpeneer, Thuuus 11. Huxley, Tbum 
a* Hughes, il If. Lcwc*, John Sniari Mill, 
J. A. z’roude. Tbotnas Carlyle, John Hus- 
kin, Chaih-* Darwin, John Jlorley, William 
Block, Harriet Martineau, Tom Hood, Justin 
McCarthy, and Edmund Yale* There au- 
thors agreed in tbe justice of the request 
that they should waive certain right* whidi 
were incompatible with tbe system of pul* 
lulling and book selling obtainiug In the 
United Stoics. 

The agitation for International copyright 
may be said lu huvr gone on almost conttn- 
uowly after the bringing iu of lire- Clay re- 
port; although the real effort* iu behalf of 
the caiiK were weak and spasmodic. When 
Edward Everett was Secretary of State, in 
ISM. he negotiated a treaty ptovidiug thnt 
author* entitled to copyright in one country 
should bo cotltled to it’lo the other. 

In the mean lime, in 11-44, John Jav, Wil- 
liam Cullen Bryant, and other*, presented a 
memorial lo f.'ongrm* asking for a measure 
the Mine iu principle na tluit whhib has liven 
enacted. Tire memorial wa« ordered ]*rl<»1- 
wl. and was referred to a select cooiinittre. 
Nothing ebc was done with it. A kimllnr 
fate met a bill introduced by Mr. Morris, of 
Pennsylvania, in 1KW, 

For leu years the agitaliuu did not make 
its neupra-arwucc in C’nngre**, notdkl it give 
signs of life. save, pjuibly, through (he cor- 
n-*pomiet>cc of iIiom interested id the sub- 
jeck In 1888 tbe "Copyright Aaouciatioti " 
was fnrmtsl at a oiecling beW in response to 
a call issued by a coinuullec cuDustiag of 
George 1*. Putnam, l*. IreiM-u* Prime. Ileurv 
Ivisou. James Parlou. and Egbert Hazard. 
William Cullen Bryant was made PlwMcnl 
of this assoeiathm, George William Curtis 
Vko-Prreidcitt.aiul Edmund C.Htwlmau t*cc- 
rotary. The result of the urgauizatlon of 
tbc arooclstlon was another memorial to Con 
ere**, and another tall, introduced bv J. D. 
BaJdwIu, of Ma^sriiurett*- This (All abo 
providud that foreign book*, iu order lo ob- 
tain Amcrlcac copyright, should first be pub 
liabMlJn tbe United Slates. 

In I87IJ lire r laremlou Treaty ■ as propored 
through Mr, Thornton, tbc BntUh Minister 
at Washington. The proposed treaty simply 
g»v* to the author* and artist* of each conn 
try the privilege of copyright in tbe other by 
registering tbe work of art or Mirra within 
three month* of iu original publication 

In 1871 the law* Mr. 8, 8. Cox introduced 
into tbe House of Itcprcneniative* an inter 
national copyright MU. which attained the 
dignltv of a disetwaion in the Cuiumillee of 
tire Whole. Tine bill provided fur the n- 
putilicnUou of the. book copyrighted within 
three mouths of Ui publication abroad. 

In 1873 Mr. W. IL Appleton prepared a 
bill in which tbe time to Intervene between 
the OrM publication and the repuhlkaliun in 
the foreign country remained the tome, but 
It was provided that the hook should lie reg 
hit- red within a mouth after II* publication 
CongrtM was at this time very much con- 
fused by the conflicting opiuloB* of tboee 
who were Interested in the movement. A 
member of the firm of Meter*. Scribner A 
Co.. Mr. Edward 8cytnour, opposed tbe Ap- 
pleton hill because il was "simply an act to 
protect American publisher*.'' Tbe Phila- 
delphia publishers required against any Inter- 
national copyright, declnriog that " (bought, 
when given to the world, i* as light — free to 
all ‘ Charlca Astor Brt*(cd urged a copy- 


right bill pure aud simple, giving Araerlcaa 
right* lo the author* of all ci.-imlrie* tbui 
cave similar rights t» Ameri'au umhor*. 
Mr John P. Morton, of Loubvillr, favored 4 
measure granting genrnil prrntission to re- 
publish <m the pnynH'iit uf a ten pi-r .i-m. 
royalty to the foreign author. And tint, 
was still another pro{*ut.ltJon lulrodura) lm,. 
the two Houses of Congress by Mr, Hc kumi 
Mr. Fheraion. in 1873, (but liii- n.j aih dioul-l 
be five per ccot. 

The remit of this diversity <if cplim u was 
the Morrill report of 1878. which drove Mu- 
qucbtiun 0*11 uf f.'ougress for ten » cars. Tin- 
report rancliidiil, " that the plan fur ihr pro. 
■cctlon of foreign uuiluir* ha* not u-t Ik*-m 
devised whirii can unite the support of 11 1 |. 
or nearly nil, who profess to in- favorable li- 
the general ohjpct Id view; mid that in lire 
opinion uf y«ur committee. auv project forau 
international copyright will be fount), up„n 
mature deliberatmn, to be inexpedient. " 

The <|iic*tiou again became a public ooe in 
1878, through n letter written by llir|er A 
Brother* to Mr Hearts, then N-oreimy -f 
State. In Ibis letter tbe Merer*. Ilmper Kid 
that “IImj failure ufall aUeuij>ls of the kind. 
Whether IcgUhitive or diplomatic, is dire. *r 
think, to tiio Tact that all such pnypoiilloiM 
have originated from one side oul.V.uud with- 
out tbo prior joint consultation mid intcllb 
gent discussion uf panic* from bolh couu tries 
competent to consider the question." 

t*pmking of the proposed Clamduu Trea- 
ty, the letter oaserted ' that the scheme was 
more in the interest of the British publishn - 
tbnti of eltlier Biilislt or Amcriciiii author*." 

It was suggcsttil tbnt a treaty, in order to 
be MtUfactory lo lire United States, " should 
recognize the interests of all portU-s." W'c 
readily perceive, mutinued the Har- 

per, "11101 Mich a treaty might involve » 
waiver of tlu- rights of mithor* t.-tod of )>uli- 
I inhere wbo are th* HMMUtenlulivc* of author* (, 
viewing eopyrighi from tlic purely abet met 
point of ab*olutv ibbere-ut right, inateiid of n 
rrratcil right or conferred privilege iu dr 
eUred in our act relating to copyright*. But 
while there might In; thi* ixwikjlilc ubuDiic-n 
ment of abstract right implied iu the obliga- 
tion uf the author or his representative to 
print and publish in n foreign country, in 
order lo secure c< pv right in tiiut eouiiin . 
tlrere would ctvtalufy be uu r«-lini)iti*btiu iit 
of itstcresU. and if a treaty could Ik- formed 
to foster and protect the intemu of author* 
or their representative* 111 all Ootliitlie*. We 
might well dlHpenne with tbe cnttsiilemtiou 
of any ulisimct ipipatinn of original and in 
herent right of property. Such discussion 
would lie irrelevant Ui the practical object in 
view." 

Tire letter propored a eonference of eigh- 
teen Amerlvitu ettireus and British Hibp-rt- 
consistiDg, for each couutry.of three author*, 
three publnJicr*. and l brer pubhei»l*, «p- 
|* 'in led respectively by our Secretary of 
(State and by the Britivii Secretary of Slate 
for Foreign Affaire, "who shall U- inviud 
joint))' lo consider ami preu-nt to thrlr rv- 
ajteetire govern merit* tbe detail* of 11 treaty 
to be propuoed by the United $inu* tu (ju at 
Britain.” It was siiggetled tluit a* lire lu-t 
piopoeitlun fur an infeniatiotild C>'ipv light 
treaty came from England, it vruiihl' m-cui 
pto|*er that Ibe next proptiwitlon fot stick a 
measure should enianate front the Uniud 
Staten. 

Thi* suggested treaty, known as tbc "Bar 
per draft," w it* more o rii-usly cr<n*itlei<'<i by 
the diplomatic agents of the two counlric* 
than any of the preniling attempts lo -«cutv 
a ropy right agreement. Tire "dmlt i<m 
aiMed uf a aerkw of amendment* to the treaty 
which Jawd Clarendou bad propo**-d iu t'To. 
Tbc uii'Bl bn|iortant point of daflerctiic >•- 
twwni the two was oi to muiiufiw turiuC. H-< 
Harper * draft" iwovallng that " tli* sulbtw 
of any work of literature m^uuM luw) *“'! 
puWisbtiJ la one enuntry dial I not I* - eulltkil 
lo copyright iu tbe idher country 
»udi w;urk dull! be also manufactured abd 
publUMil therein, by a subject or citizen 
tbcmif. within three month* after it* original 
publication In Lb* country of the author or 
proprietor." 

TV negotiation on this subject was carried 
uo by Mr Lowell, who submitted tbc Har(«-r 
' draft " lo Lord Granville lu 1880. Tlzii at 
otree irme a discilMiofl aa tu tbe lime within 
» bleb a lKH»k nflgbl I* repubiidted in the iiw • 
vigil country. Some Americau pullidicr* 
desired tUai il should be six illhtcinl uf three 
months, and Lore! Granville, speaking fi.rtln- 
BrUisb giivenuuent, in 1 HW 1 . after Mi. Blain.- 
hnd succeeded Mr, Evmt* a* siecretarv of 
State, favored a term of six or even twelve 
month*. Mr Hhiine, however, whu was heart 
ily interested in tbe matter, desire-'] iusUnta 
ncou* imhlication iu tbe two eountrio, on 
Ibe ground that Antoriraii* -IcuM nut tv 
kept waiting for n fnreigu l*xik wbiir the 
publisher* decided w hrllu r tiiey WoU'.il el- 
jtago lit the venture of republi-hlng it. or far 
their own convenience withheld publication 
It wa» dcvi’lopc>i iu the informal cunverui 
lions that took place ou thi* mutter between 
Mr. Blaine and the advocate* ami friend* of 
the "draft,” that no Inlemalti'ciHi cupyrighl 




HARPER'S WEEKLY 


Digitize 


siTFiam 


1 




Tunc 1 


HARPER’S weekly. 


200 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT, 


rWiMue.'/raw pa/t IK. I 

Inn or treaty would lie satisfactory In the 
United Slab* winch dill not provide for si- 
nuillancoii* republic.ntiou_ The negotiation* 
were interrupted by the daa(b of President 
Garfield and Mr. Blaine's conK-queiil retire- 
Bind fmiu ulBee. Mr. Arthur s ailminotr* 
tn ui declined to lake up the question a* 
one for diplomacy. ami the agitation sim- 
ply gathered head among those rbiell) con- 
cerned. 

In INCI the authors once non organi/zd 
and llreu began again Ibu wmiry round of ef- 
forts to secure more liberal copyright from 
the guverumeut. This lime, however, the 
movement was more comprehensive still en- 
ergetic, if not rapid, and at last, after eight 

f ears of ulmo* constant importunity of 
dngrcs*. it lius resulted in the enactment 
of the law which the President has just 

Tn INfc) Jir. Edward Egglertun and Mr It 
W. (Sihler drew up a platform for the an 
tilers, but It was not submitted. The meet 
ing of author* out of which grew "The 
American Copyright League" w.i* held at 
tlm bouse of Mr. Brawler Matthews, in New 
York. April 18. 1NW. Those who were pre- 
sent mine in response lo Invitation* sent by- 
Mr. George Panons I-sthrop, who is justly 
eutilleil to the credit of being the founder of 

II r I ill'll 

A good ileal of diffleiilly was experienced, 
as Mr. Latbrop puts it. in a leller on lire ori- 
gin of what is familiarly known a* the Au- 
thors" League, in securing unity. ’ Dot ljr- 
miite utir of Us were op | sowed in internal ioa- 
ai copyright, Inal ta-cuiLte it was difficult. ill 
•'■e first M.igra. to agree upon a simple aiate- 
rue^ of the esse and the policy to pursue in 
effect in t „ reform." Mr Henry James, for 
instance, (V lined to participate in any move- 
ment reri<eu..,f ll , the wrong* of American 
author*. lie I. i,i || 14t t| le foreign authors 
alone were the v. 'ins of ho ales-nco of in- 
ternational copyn*,.*, therefore with- 
drew from tile uulliurs' luavca,,-. as lttrus. 
cent ion 

Mr. iaitlirop, notwithstanding the discour- 
ngi meats that lie encountered, twirled on the 
preliminary work with great real and efll- 
ciency. lie hail hern rbrnro as secretary, 
while l)r. Kilward Eggleston, Julian Haw 
thorite, ami himself wen- appointed n com- 
mittee to draft a pisiform. At a meeting 
held at tin- bouse of Mr, Thorndike Rice In 
Juuc lo* was authorised lo term* correspond 
ing member* in oilier cities, and lie worked 
all summer in enrolling members nud in send- 
ing out cimilara. 

The ■ subject made Us next appearance in 
CongrcM in Mr. William I inrelwinw r. 

then a im-mlier of the lluiiv.- of l{r]iresruta' 
lint, prepares) and introduced a measure 
wilhimt consuHntioti with the League. At 
a meeting of the league held a: the rectory 
of lirore Church. Doctor l nun- ilisbopi i’ollcr 
presiding -January H>. report was 

reiil by Sir. I.ilbn ip on the various copyright 
riwu-urc* promised, ami the iwoMsity of co- 
operating with i be publishers was strongly 
urged. Mr. Latbrop wax chairman of it sub- 
committee, his asancinlr mcmlicr* Mag Hon. 
John Bigelow and Mr It \V. GiMer. Mi. 
Charles Dudley Warner protested against the 
acceptance of anything but copyright pure* 
and simple, willioul tin* liatiluUun lo which 
tire British nutlior* bud consented, and to 
which also sixty. two American authors had 
agreed In mi endorsement of the " Harjier 
draft." Among these American authons 
were Henry W Lungb-llow. Oliver Wendell 
Hoi men, Hal ph WoUo Fiamim. John Q. 
Wbkliler. Thomas Bailey Aldrich. W. D. 
Howells, (diaries Klin* Norton. 1 linrles Dud- 
ley Warner, ft. L. ('Icroerw ( Mark Twain), 
iM-orgv Hiitu-rofi, (leorge William Curtis, 
Edward Eggleston, George Curvy Egglcsion, 
ami Elizabeth Smart Blielps. Mr. Warner's 
views were published lay Use I.inguc »« lib 
own. liut the impression prevailed that the 
League Itself wire ill accord with them, *>pe- 
eiailv a* i inured uitc-ly afterward a committee, 
constating of Mr. Iztibrop. Mr. Uikler. and 
lleorgr Walton tirecn, was sent lo W ashing 
ion to urge the passage of -tin- Dorabcimer 
lull, which provided simply fur I he extension 
of the privilege* enjoyed by citlnu or re*l- 
detlla of the l.ndcd Si sir* to foreign authors. 
More-over, in lire spring of tH“4 U . league 
sent to Washington a memorial petitioning 
( vmgivH* lo support the (hirshcmier Inti 
This measure failed, but not until iu 
strengili whs demonstrated by a vole on a 
resolution prapi-.ng a day fur the lutuhler- 
ation of a bill. In order to |>*w> this resolu- 
tion u two thirds’ vole was iMKWMory. and 
the cull of tbc roil ilSscluw-.l l-Vi iu tbc arttrrn- 
ative, and N in the negative— a majority of 
57. and 41 le*.* than two-thirds. It U ap 
parent Hurt the bill might have I wed passed 
seven years ago, if it hud contained the pro- 
vision* of ihi* new lx*. 

The opposition to lisa hill was hosed on 
the aliM-in « of any provision rvipliring the 
reinanu fact lire in this country of copyright- 
ed foreign bunks. Much of the opposition 
was f i mu lire Went, aud some of it nue from 
member* who were stleTWxrd warm friend* 
and earnest mim». rlers of the Chore hill. 

In lHSi Mr. Latbrop endeavored to secure 
a vote by tbc whole ijr-agoc in favor of the 
incorporation of h reprlmiog provision iu the 
litll. but lie failed, and tliereupou resigned his 
secretaryship nnd HH-lilller-bip of the Exec- 
utive Coiomine*-, after lie and Mr*. Burton 
N. Harrison had orgunUed and carried out 
the fir-; of the Author*' Heudiog*. This 
was held in April, 1SH5. 


Up to this time the American Copyright 
Ireaguc had never met as a holly. Its tiusi- 
newt was conducted by its ofHcers. and Us 
large nu-mber*hip. aumhering more than sev- 
en hundred, consisted of aubn.Ttls.-r* w ho na- 
tively acquiesced in what was done in their 
nun it*. 

The firet meeting of lire league was held 
November 7. IStsi, nt the room* of the Au 
thorn' Cl ul> iu New York. Dr. Howard Cmn- 
by presided, and Mtuounced in hi* opening Wi- 
ntark* tliat Senator Hawley, of Connecticut, 
luul plcdg<*l hinuelf to iutrudure a bill at the 
opening of Hie iipprnwcliiiig session of t 'ou- 
gress. A conslitntloB was adoiited, which 
declared that U was theobjvct of tire Ireugue 
" to procure the abolition, »o fur as pundblc, 
of oli dluri min*! ion tietweeo the Atuericnii 
nnd the foreign author, and lo obtaiti reform* 
of lire American Copyright law." James 
Kusseil Laweil was chosen I’re-ulenl, and 
E ('. St oil man VieePrvwdcot, of tire League. 

Senator llawley'* bill simply granted re- 
ciprocal copyright to the works of letter* and 
art of any foreigu country granting to Amer- 
ican pruduci lout all lire rights enjoyed by it* 
own cili/eux. Mr. Dorsheiiller * llill bad 
Im*cii cootlned lo books. The lull was con- 
sidered ui this meeting of the League, and 
was mipported by Mr. Warner ami others, 
while Mr. Latbrop again urged co operation 
with tire publishers. But his motion to sub- 
mil the question to authors was lust, abd the 
League unaolmously voted to support the 
Hawley hill, nnd n committee of the league 
went to Washington in ltftgi. and was heard, 
with oilier*, Uy the (" 001110110 * on Patent* 
upon tire two measures before it, tire one 
known a* the Hawley bill, nnd the Other a* 
lire ('trace lull. 

Tire Hawley bill had been llr>t inlnxluced 
In 1KM, bm it w»s re introduced in IMS un- 
der the ampler* of the League. Iu the mean 
time both Presidents Arthur and Cleveland 
urged the importance of the subject ujxin 
Congress iu their auuuul message* of 1WM 
and ii«3. 

Tire pressure for a chaO*« iu the aakilug 
- ndition of tire publishing hudness was be- 
coiolng .->ongcr, and the increnaed earnOBt- 
ness of the author* was making a decided 
im press ion upon the public luiud. Their 
cause was Lkn inning popular, hut tlierr was 
still a lack of union of conoeatrarimi upon a 
jatrlii utur laeasure of all tire elements inter- 
ested in the pr«]e.*ed reform of the law. 

It was iu lHSIlthut Senator Chnce. of Iiltodc 
Island, co-operating with Mr. Henry l'. Leu. 
of 1’JiiUUelphia, picfmml a measure lured 
upon a rirrnctplv which was deslined tu buc- 
WnL This measure uedertook to nrcognixe 
the intercr-ts of nil partial. The origiuul draft 
provided that I he forcigu pmlnction Mx-king 
copyright should bu recorded ' 001 mare 
than fifteen days subsequent to it* publica- 
tion in the country of Its origin.'" It was 
further provided that the book should Ire 
manufactured In tins country within three 
month* of it* original publication. .Subse- 
quently this Wii- anien-.lt 1 by requiring that 
the book slioulil In; pulilbhcd in this coun- 
try simultouMiUBly with the publication 
abroad. 

In 1SU there had (knlopdl a slroug and 
inijsirtant aiitagoiu*rn to Uic llawh-y hill 
from the orgaiiked tyjregraplK-i*. wlio iu 
sblud tliat there should Ire a daure in the 
lull |>rnrjdlug for Ibc inuuiifoclure of fon-igo 
copyrighted book* in tills coimtry. Tire 
vim 1 li«*l In cij a bu-y one for the chief pro 
miter* of the in ensure The Cliace hill whs 
introduced January 31st. and in lire same 
mouth the Scnuic Coinaiillee 011 Patent- hud 
given a long hearing to the eommittis; of th« 
Authors' League, representative puldblrera, 
and others, subsequently the government 
publi-Uisl a pamphlut contuinlug the Malo- 
menta mude before the committee iiy l)r. 
llowHni t 'rn*hy. Senator Hawley. Arthur U 
Seilgwrek Icbnirinuii of Ibc exi-cutive com 
millet* of lire Li sguci, Henry Holt. S. J.. Cle 
liu-iih. (ieoitri* Ticauor t uni-, .lame* liutwll 
Lit well, Jauir* Welch. Of the Typoerapblcai 
Union of 1'hihidclpUia. It. It liowker. Hen- 
ry t Lett, Ih-nry Carey Bnirtl. A. 14. S|Kif- 
ford, George Haven Putuiun.and otlrera- 

At Uic third annual meeting of the Uwgue, 
November a, ING, it was voted, on motion 
<-r .Mr fb-orge Watton Green, the secretary, 
to urge ibu council nud executive topiiuiine 

lO use every effort to M*-nn.- -..me accept- 
able and c<|uiiuhle copyright ImII. vesting iu 
sucli comreil 11 mi nimmillce full dlx-reiion 
to dim) with such limiUtiou* uj»n copyright 
a* may be pro|HMH*il, and the nccepluDCC of 
which may by ihesn Ire deemed advisable ' 

TJtis was a ycur of even greater activity 
Ilian the preceding ycur. Moreover, it was 
the jear which wtliw-wd the union of the 
author* aud lire publislier* far tire attain- 
ment of their common object. The iiiiittnd 
iiM-cting of Ibu Authors' League was hchl 
November 4th. On tire •Jthh am! VUtli lire 
m-ciumI series of Authors Bendings toak 
place at < bickering Hal). On the Sikh the 
council elected the following executive com- 
lliillee: Edward Eggli'MOU.cbiiiiiiiaii; George 
Wulinn Green, aecretaiy; Hubert Underwood 
Johnsun, tmuurcr: 'I'li’onma W. Knox; nud 
l(. It. liowker. At the Ireginnrag of lire year 
an nddrcsH wus issued to the Beuder* of 
Books " It was sigiud by Jumei. Bussell 
Lowell, president; £ Sicdiunn, vicc-pre 
sident; and the executive coiumittce just 
IM tiled. 

On Utc-mlxr 17, INi', Mr. George Walton 
Greeu, a* secviitury of the Aulburs' lreague, 
requested tire co oirerntton of the publi-bcra. 
The following i- Mr Given * letter: 


••Mo. 11 list Svatm, Msw Vosa. 
“ hnuh* XT, 18*7. 

"GsvrutMSN, — We Ug to suggest respect 
fully that at the present juncture it would 
he » great advantage to have uu 01 gnuizat i< >u 
ut the publishers ai a* coriy a day as possible, 
in order that we may have a conference re- 
garding an international copyright hill, aud 
co operale regarding it* |>atsiige. 

•• Youre mifafa 

•• Gkomok Waltox Gmkkn, Secretiay." 


In prompt responar to Ibi* inviintioti 11 
call win issued bv tire leading publishers of 
New York nnd Boston, uml " Tire Auiericiui 
Publisher*' Copyright l>wgiK- " was fnmud 
on the 33th day of Deceiober. The object 
of this aMKHiatloo. a* declartsl in ii» cm 
Hlilution. wiu “to co- operate with Anreri- 
ciiiz uuikoca in securing joternational copy- 
right. " From this lime nu there wn* real 
uud effective co-operation between Anreri- 
car. authors and publisher*. The latter were 
the adviser* and lire helpful x— istuiu- of the 
author*. The mitbor* worked asaiduouBly 
mid industriously. A strung and earnest ef- 
fort was made in Washington. In 11*88 tlie 
uulhor* gave a reading at lire capital, nud 
aroused a public w-nnnicnl liicre for their 
ruuse. lulenialiolM) copy rigid became the 
topic of conversation in son rely. The ladie* 
of Waahinglon h ot tlrelr aid 'The President 
and Mrs. Cltvolam) were especially active, 
("ongrea* was stormed with pctiti.n ’ 


tire (.'hues- hill, ami did their utmost to irecure 
vote* iu it* behalf. The oflloor* of tin* Au- 
thors' l/agiie devoted a large part of their 
time lo the furtherance of the cause. Dr. 
Edward Eggleston, tire chairman of the ex- 
ecutive committee, spent maUjr weeks in 
Washington, and through hia perwonl influ* 
CMC many member* M CcOgMM W*M in- 
duced to take a broad view ol the >iurstlon. 
Acting with him were Mr. Thomas W, Knox, 
Mr ll R. Bowkcr. Mr Hoiu-rt Underwood 
.luliMon, Colnoel lli< hard Malcmn Johnsion. 
Ma Maud (V. Older, and Mark Twain. 
Pamphlet* were published, and circulated 
hroudout over the laud. 

A Joint commute* of tire authors' and pub- 
lisher*' leagues directed the work, tire pub- 
lisher's league never meeting without the 
pre-euw of represenlalivt'S of the authors, 
11 nd. later, also of representative* of the em- 
ploying priulcr* uml of the typographical 
union*. 

In IN*K I In- (liacc Bill mu passed by the 
Senate by u vote of 84 tu 1<I. 

The bill then went to the Home of Kepre 
■entail ves, tun alihuugli tl«- -c-sion wn* u 
lung one. it wus the Presidential year. Hie 
House wus comparatively empty, uud toe 
mem tiers who n-maiued iu Ibctr seats were 
chiefly iutetcsUd in politic*. It whs iinpua 
nihil- lo secure u hearing for the uiciMure. 

The next sesthm wit* a -Irert one. but a 
determined effort was atxile by lire unili-or*. 
Dr. Kggtadon look up his re*4dcncn in Wash- 
ington Mr. W. ('. 1. Breckinridge, of Ken- 
tucky, had IntrodlKXsl tbc hill, allli tin .Iu- 
dietary t'ominiltee bud permitted Air. P. A. 
t oilin'*, of MnssacbueetW, to report it. Fi- 
nally, through the friemlly offices of Sjieaker 
t imi*le. n motion was to Imvc tas-n nuule by 
Mr BhimUII Ui *us|>crid lire riilwi uud tlx u 
day for it* consUI' ration. Every prepara 
lion hull Ihx-ii nuule for its pu-oigc. but on 
tin appointed day Blr. Lcwia B Fkjmi of 
Illinois, prevented the transicliun of nuy 
busiueas whatever. 

In Uic mean time the lyjiogriqdiltul uuluii* 
throughout the cuuutry. through the penoan) 
inlluera c of Mr. Fridge r. of Henry ('. Ireu Jc 
( u , of l'hiiaik-ipiiiii. iin-i brceati very muck 
interested in tho measure, a ixl resoluliun ,*f 
ler re.aolulion, nnd dcJegutloii idler dt-U-gu- 
lioo. were scut to Washington; the society 
of emploiiiig ivrinter*. tire Typotlictar. under 
the lead of Mr. I hoodore* 1. DeYiulic. mImj 
urging the |*uMg<- of the litll A vigorous 
CHtnpMlitn was cundw-ted by leiu-r and by 
personal solicitation, nud President HariUoli 
m.-onnucuded t'ongrca* to enact an interim 
liouiil Copyright Law. 

At the first wmiuli of Hu- Fifty first Con 
gre-a* lire hili A'u* placed iu (harge of JVn- 
atorl'latt, and of |{e|«wntaii vv Sunouds, of 
Cuuirecticut. Tire lust tote w»- (oltitl. lire 
bill came up unexpvctoily in tire )Iuu*r. and, 
after 11 brief rousklt-ratiuii, was licNteii by an 
exceedingly small niajreiity. Iu the second 
Morion, on Ikrenbrr 2. DM, It was ugniii 
takeu up and after n Inief discusaiou, trailer 
the uhk* lundersiiip of Jlr. SimorecL, it was 
passed by a vole of Kill to i«Y 

The Inti came up in the Senate late iu lire 
second and short session, and after Uic udiqc 
lion of several dangerous nmendnieuts, wiib 
| ui*rtcd. A hard struggle In coofcnemr com- 
rnittee foPowcd; but finally, ow ing to lire 
strenuous aud skilful efforts of Snalor PUtt, 
with the 1*1 operation of Senator Hi-coCk and 
of Mr. HUnonila, tualMed by Mr. A>t»nis, oi II 
linoi* and Mr l.udgc. of Mamachusetls. lire 
bfll was ndopu-d sub-taut ially a* it pa*M-d 
rlic House- It wu signed by lire President 
.March 4, 1801. 


Thui end# tire long and Btrcuuous light 
for Interimlioiial (up) right. Our law* will 
now grant rights to the foreign author. 11 * 
well 11 * to ••any citizen of the United Stale*, 
ur reudent therein. " 

The law I- Biibttanlially the same os the 
Chaco llill. It gives copyrlghla to the foreign 
" author, inventor, dexlgner, or proprietor of 
auy h.K-k, map, ehnrt, nramutic or niudeal 


compoaition, engruving, cut, print, or phuo- 
graph or negative thereof, or of a paratiag. 
drawing, rhromo, xlatuc. xtatuary, and uf 
model* or iltwign* lulciMkd to he pctfcritii. 
or works of the fine art*. No pentm shall 
he entitled tu a copy right illilem he skull, nu 
or before the day of publication in till* m 
any fuielgu country, ileliver at the ufflee >4 
llu* Lilirariau of ( ongrv**. or ih-posit in Lb- 
111 si I within tire Uniii*l Slates. u>iilre**ed to 
the Librariun of Congress nt Wuddugtou. 
District of Columbia, 11 printed copy of the 11 
tic of the book, map, chari. dramatic or iiiuu 
cnl composition, mgraviiig. cut. print, pbnio- 
graph, ore liroino, or a description uf 1 lie pniul- 
mg. drawing, statue, oiaiunry, ur a model or 
design fora work of tire Him- otu, fur which 
he derirrs a copyright, nor unlen he shall aim, 
not latrr than tire day of the puhlica;i>.-fi 
lliereid in this or nuy forcigu country, (leliv. 
cr at the office ut the Librarian of ( i-ngrna. 
ut Washioglou. Di-lrk-t of Columhia, or de- 
|u wit in tire mail within lire Uoitrd State*, 
addressed to the Librarian of t'ungrem « 
Washington, District of Columbia, two cop 
ies of kitcb copyright hook, map, chart, dix- 
ntattc or musUai compoxiiiou. engraviag. 
chromo. rut. print, or photograph, or in ro- 
of n painiiug. drawing, statue. Mntuary. mud 
el or design for a wolk of Ibe tine uris. a 
plmtugrapb of aame; provided, that in Hie 
cose ol a book, photograph, ihromo. or litho- 
graph tire two coble* of the Mime required to 
he delivered or deposited as above shall be 
printed from type tt-l wlililu the Imiiis of 
the United titnies, or from plates, maiie there- 
from, or from negative* or draw lug* on ttwoe 
made within the limils of tire Uuin-d Mate*, 
or from transfers made therefrom- During the 
existence of such copyright tbc importation 
Into tire United Stale* ol any book, chrvuio, 
lithograph, or photograph «> copyrigliled. or 
any edition or ediliouB thereof, or uu> plate* 
of lire same not made from typt act, negntim 
or drawing* on stone made within I he limit* 
of lire I'niinl Stale* aball be. aud it Is hereby 
prohibited, t u e|it iu Ibe discs specified ia 
Paragraph* 513 to 518 iodUKlve, In Section 3 
of lire act entitled ' An act lo reduce Ibe reve- 
nue and equalize tire duties on iut|M>n*, and 
for oilier purpose*,' ap|novrd October I, 

• IWi; uud except In tin- caw of persona pur- 
ebusiug for use aiwl not for aalc. wrhu import 
Mtbjrct to Ibe duty thereon not more titan 
two cojues of such taxik at any nut time , and 
except In tlie case of newspiqiers mxl maga- 
zines noi containing in whole or in part iiret- 
ter copyrighted umk-r lire provUiou of this 
net. unauthorized by the author, which are 
hcr»t>y exeuiplni from prohibition of im 
portalinn; provided, nevertbclc**. that in the 
cn*«8 of book* iu fun-ign luuguugm of wbh'ii 
only trar.-hiliuiu in Eiigiisb are copyrigUtcsk 
tire pridiililtiou of importation aUall apply 
only lo tbe triitisliitii.il of the aarue, and the 
iin|H>rtarion of lire books in Hie original 
language shall In; permitted-" The arctioBB 
of Hie tatiff la* referred lo provide for the 
udniission. free of duty, of lioak* intended 
for lire tiliud. for ed iit-at mhiuI. pliiloxqdiital. 
nnd religion* purpose*. The an ia lo go into 
effect on lire first day of July, ltflll. ami tire 
coire-l tiding sretion provides that it slmll ap- 
ply only to u citizen or subject of a foreign 
stale or nation ]x-rmitiing to citizens of lire 
Untied States ol America Hie benefit of copy 
right on *ob*tunliully the same basis u* iu 
ow 11 1 iiizt 11 - 






MAl&HALL FIELD, THE CHICAGO MERCHANT.— From a Photograph. -[See Page 210.. 


Digitized by Google 


202 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1787. 


Harpers Periodicals. 


Whether treated each one as an individual pro- 
duction or generally as a class. Harper's PtRiow- 
«'ais represent the highest types of American lit- 
erary and illustrative work." When on the part 
of many whose profession it is to cater to the 
reading public there is a tendency to meet more 
than half way a taste which is by no means 
healthy, and coarse matter is provided, garnished 
with bad pictures, the blunting of the artistic sense 
ts of small moment when compared with the 
abasement of the moral one. Never have the 
publishers of the Magazine. the Wllki.y. the Bazar. 
or Young Peopi r lowered that high standard which 
was assumed in their first numbers. Modifica- 
tions and improvements have of course followed, 
until to-day it is difficult to conceive how they 
could be bettered. Looking at the literary side 
alone, the best-known writers at home and abroad 
contribute to these publications. For the proper 
presentation of subjects pictonallv. leading artists 
furnish their designs, to he translated by wood-cuts 
or process, whichever method shows better the 
illustrative idea. A column eulogistic ol these 
publications might he written, and would barelv 
suffice to specify their many singular merits. It 
must be at least satisfactory to the publishers to 
know that wherever Fnglish is the language in 
use. there a Magazine, a Week I v. a Ba/ar. or a 
Young PEOM.E bearing the imprint of Harper & 
Brothers is read. There are other triumphs than 
"the drum heals" which circle the world. — M. Y. 
T/MF.S, March S, iX»t. 

Plbushed by HARPFK N BROTHERS. New York. 


No. 1787. 

Harpers Weekly. 

with corn, Aten wmumrr contain nro 

AX ILLUSTRATION IS TINT. LXTITI ED "TIIE 
jcnction nr iuioaowav and sixth Avrxrit." 
IHUWif MV W. II. CUANE. 

TKKixt n mt« a iort..RM * teak, ix ahvaxck. 

umy 4or-« mVA *«u Xnutbtr- 


A BANTERING BANQUET. 
riMIR recent dinner of the Federal Club in New York 
1 was a striking illustration of tlu? joyous skill with 
which clever men ran toy with n ililtlciill situation. 
With the airiest grace they took the hull hr the horn*, 
and u|i]mrrntly proposed to frisk with tl»e sullen brute 
in a jolly hornpipe. The Republican party having 
sustained an unprecedented defeat, the revellers as- 
sembled to proclaim in a merry win their entire wain- 
fart ion. ami to insist. evidently ‘‘over the left," that 
the party cure lay in the hair of the dog that bit it. 
The primiineni ligurv* at the dinner — Mr. RtCEti, Mr. 
I-ioimsk. Mr. Dm*. Mr Komhkvbi.t. and General 
Woodford may tie safely taken a* representative of 
the liiwt Republican spirit ami drift. |k-xicl<-* the di* 
tincliou of their |**r*unal character, they are classified 
by previous |iolilical independence with the Kepuh 
licans who would restrain rather than stimulate party 
excess. Several of them have Imd their indr|irndriit 
" outings, ’’ although.** ltesrenis reluming prodigals, 
they are now very severe upon vagaiioriil mugwump*, 
But nevertheless their Republicanism must tie regard- 
ed os the most liberal and progressive, and in what 
they approve, the voter who has b*-eu anticipating 
‘‘reform within tie party" may *re what Repuh- 
liean success promise*. The *|**i-hon at the dinner 
were set ill the highest key of fnu. Imc-hiim- they im- 
plied that the recent cmirae of the i*arly proved it to 
he the best of nil |»o-.siblc (Kirlies in the Ix-st of all 
possible worlds. England after Waterloo va* not 
more exultant than the chatting Federal orator* after 
the late general election*. Willi guy temerity and 
eliarming audacity. they drrlnrisl that all promises 
hail Im-cu kepi jiiiiI all pledges fulliih-d. and that 
everything whirl* the most intelligent Hepiihlieuus 
desire unit approve is 1 hr actual party policy. 

Never Wit* le tter jeating or pleuKilltor persiflage. 
It was tile true way to treat the occasion. Willi rol- 
licking reeklewshCKs the roistering Depew may Is* 
said to have ‘‘pal the lend “ upon the effervescent- 
eloquence by gravely declaring that the President 
had reileemetl all the engagement* of the platform, 
lint the fun was fast and furious when with resistless 
humor he again capped the ctinuix hv exclaiming 
that jvhen a Republican attempts to u|*dogi*e for tin- 
measures of his parly he is like a religionist trying 
to explain why lie helieveti in the decalogue. He 
doe* not ini|iair the decalogue, l>iit ruins his own 
position. Ill the language of the street, the sjuirtive 
chiefs of tlie feast “went the whole hog." and ill the 
frolicsome spirit of the occasion hilarious!* pruio-d 


the entire party perforiiuince.and agreed ill re echoing 
chorus that the present spirit and |M>|iey and leader- 
ship must be still more resolutely maintained if the 
happy country is to be still more fortunate ami Imp 
py. ThU was the pleasant fooling of intelligent men 
uulirtidiiig. IVe »*y fooling, because it is not to lie 
supposed that it would be lakeu seriously by those Re- 
publicans who believe, with GaKPIEI.Ii and lire Chi- 
cago Tribune and other leaders, in a tariff which 
tend* to free trade, who regmd it force bill ns unwise, 
who think that promises of reform should not end in a 
partisan ravage of the civil service, who believe that llif 
virtual purchase of high office is not the way to hon- 
est government, and that n party majority in Congress 
should do the work that it w as elected to do. ami not 
try to piece itself out with the minority —intelligent 
Republicans wlto arc perfectly aware that the party 
tendency and leadership which tlie dinner orator.* so 
humorously pruned are repudiated by Western Re- 
publican Senator* and by tin* Republican majority in 
the legislature of Massachusetts. 

The irrepressible Mr. 1 >EPEW, bent to the last iijnm 
hi* joke, mu id '* tremendous and enthusiastic cheer 
ing." rejoiced that the parly of Utnmx and Seward 
and i’ll akE is the party of II akRIkmN. Mi'KlNLEY, and 
RkED. This wa* all the more droll berause it is a 
Republican Senator who has just- said in effect that 
the party of Lincoln and Seward and Phase wan 
overwhelmed at the last election hy the leadership of 
Hahrison. Mi Kinlev, ami Rkki>. The witticism 
liax a keener edge from the universal consciousness 
that if tlie party of Lincoln ami Seward and Phase 
and SrilNEK and ANDREW were unchanged, the en 
thusiastie and intelligent youth of tlie country, full 
of conviction and jiatrintism, would vote today us 
their fathers void, and old Massachusetts, tlie van- 
guard of Republicanism, would still "roll up her 
magnificent Republican majorities. " instend of elect 
ing a Democratic Governor and Democratic Repre- 
sentatives in Congress. Only great masters of hu- 
mor could evoke ‘‘tremendous and enthusiastic ap- 
plause" from Republican* by declaring that the great 
party which was so long triumphant because it rep- 
resented the moral convictions and patriotic princi- 
ples of the country continues unchanged in the |wr- 
ty which, no longer representing those convictions 
and principles, has encountered a “ tremendous and 
eniliusiastic "and unprecedented defeat, 

GOVERNOR HILL AND THE PRESIDENCY. 

Wk I Utve already said that Governor IIltJ.H pur- 
pose to seenre tlie Democratic nomination for the 
Presidency next year must he taken seriously. The 
W -ATTBKMoX letter* and interviews and articles would 
establish the fact, if it had not been pretty plain lie 
fore, and Mr WattkkmoN is now reported aa saying, 
what 1ms also been equally plain fur some lime, tlmt 
white Governor lili.i. may not l>o able to secure the 
nomination, he is quite able greatly to jierplex the 
friends of Mr. Cleveland. The argument which Mr. 
Watte twos adduce* ill hi* Tribune interview, that if 
the Governor had decided to siip|iort Mr. Ci.KVK1.aND 
nothing could have prevented his own success in ob- 
taining the nomination in IBIW. probably does not 
seem so strong in Albany as it does in I/miaviHe. 
Governor HllJ. undoubtedly remembers that the 
Deiimcratic candidate in 18418. ’72. '78. practically in 
‘8*1. in 'HI. ami '88. came from New York, and that the 
proposition now is that he should come again from 
Now York in ‘92. and again in '96. Possibly he 
doubts whether hy that last year the strain might not 
lx* cxceadve. Possibly, also, he understands himself 
and the secret of his own political sucress. and doulgs 
whether his peculiar "lioll" upon his party would 
leave him in !M! just where he is now. 

In politics it is a far cry to a Presidential nomina- 
tion five years in advance, and the advice to an am 
hitious man. already in the most adruiiingrou* posi 
lion for hi* pur|iose, to give way to another in order 
to succeed him after four yearn, especially when it 
comes from one who i* kuowti to prefer the other, i* 
not very persuasive. Governor ijtu, is in complete 
control of liis party machine in New York. He known 
that the electoral vote of New York will Im- considered 
imlis|Minsah1e hv the Convention. He carried New 
York a* Governor when Mr. Cleveland foiled to 
carry it as President, and Mr. WatTRRkoN. who ad 
vine* the Governor to ste|i aside, assert* strongly that 
he did not carry it hyauy betrayal of Mr. Cleveland 
T he Governor also ha* just shown by the eiix-u in- 
stances attending his election as Senator that his 
supremacy of leadership is uneontested. Tin* ques- 
tion. therefore, which Governor liitj. probably asks 
i*. why nliould a party leader in such a predion in 
the criici-il State yield to another who has been proved 
to lie weaker, and who is also a defeated riindidate 
for the Presidency f 

\Ve are staling what we suppose to hn Governor 
lliM.'s view, not our own He can never imp* again 
to he no strong politically as he is now. His hold 
iijmmi the situation lies solely in the fact that lie con 
trul. i the jiart.v machine in the important State, and 
lie will cmitinue to control it until the nomination is 
made. His possible nomination doe* not de|>eiid upon 
himself, hut upon the situation. That is to say. lie is 


not a real leader in the sense that Mr. Cleveland is. 
and that Mr Wkhktek and Mr. HE ward wen- If he 
should " throw up hi* hand.'' in what is to him a 
game, ami say that he would retire into the Senate 
and support Mr Cleveland, he is too shrewd to ex- 
ited I hut party gratitude would nominate him in 
]n» 6. because party gratitude doe* not nominate Pres- 
ident*, lie could not now ulmiidon his aim without 
a practical confession of miscalculation that would be 
filial to him. although it might not lie so to another 
man. He will therefore prolmldy persist in his pur- 
pose, uni], ns we said, he can seriously perplex the 
friends of Mr. CLEVELAND, Imcnum. although Mr. 
CLEVELAND i* apparently the choice of his (uirty. as 
Mr. Seward was tin* apparent Republican choice in 
I860, the Convention will luff dare to risk party 
division in New York 


UNANIMOUS REFORMS. 

A YEAR ago Governor 11 1 LI n of New York, sent a 
message to the Legislature in which lie recommended 
an amendment to the Slate Constitution transferring 
the decision of contested legislative election cases 
from the legislature lo the court*. The message 
contained a compart and admirable historical review 
of the course of the British Parliament upon the sub- 
ject. and it was one of the tiest acts of tlie Governor"* 
administration. At this session Senator SaXTON. 
whose name is happily associated with the reformed 
ballot law. introduced an amendment ill ansirdancr 
with the Governor"* suggestion, ami it has been ap- 
proved with entire unanimity m the Assembly, and 
with but eight dissenting vote* in the Senate There 
can be little doubt that it will be appro veil hy the 
next Legislature, and then ratified hy the people. 
One of the most dreirahie changes, commended by 
experience elsewhere, will thus have been tulopled al- 
most hy common consent, and tlie credit of the sug- 
gestion will lie very largely due to Governor Hill. 

In the message which expresses his gratification 
with the action of the legislature the Governor al- 
ludes to another recommendation made hy him last 
year, which also deserve* the prompt and favorable 
ronsidcr.it 'im of the legislature axa further provision 
for honest election*. Tins is an extension of the 
Corrupt Practices Act U» require political committee* 
and agent* to tile statement* of their expenditures in 
the same way which i* required of candidates. Thin 
ix a measure which has been long desired by all 
friends of honest election*. If a sworn statement of 
the expenses of State and couiily and district com- 
mittees were to Ire tiled and published, n great deal of 
the present crookedness, of elections would be cor- 
rected. It would lo* exceedingly interesting to see a 
statement under oath of Messrs. Ql‘ AY and Dt'DLEYautl 
Brick of the manlier in which they spent the money 
that was raised both by Republican and Democratic 
WaNaMaKKRE during the lost Presidential election 
The prinriple of the provision recommended h.v tire 
Governor is that of letting in the light, which is tire 
U st possible police It is like requiring the abolition 
of screen* in saloon*, and opening the traffic at tlie 
bar to the public gaze. Great sums of money, en- 
tirely transcending any legitimate needs, are ruiseil 
at every important election. What becomes of it ) 
How ix it spent' That is what tlie public wishes to 
know. Undoubtedly a law requiring a sworn staD - 
mrnt would be evaded. There would lie a greut deal 
of trickery. Dishonesty would not Iw altogether pre 
vented at election*. That is Lrne. It is also true 
that laws punishing theft do not altogether abolish 
stealing. But such laws are found to lie very useful.- 

Tlie Governor.wrapped in hi* reform robe*, make* 
still another siiggnstion lo promote pure elections. 
1 le proposes quo iramin/o proceeding* by any candi 
date for the ousting of a successful competitor where 
bribery can be proved. The present law. indeed, im 
pose* severe pcu.iltii-% for fmtui.and disfranchises |s-r- 
MiitB convicted of bribery. But the Governor think* 
that juries would llud a verdict in civil actions which 
would oust a man from hi* office for fraud when they 
would not convict of crime upon the same evidence. 
The law ha* reduced frmttly the opportunity of sell- 
ing vole*, anil lias stigmatised the improper use of 
money by candidates; shall it now oust them when 
they have illegally secured an election ! The Govern- 
or ask* the question, and all good citizens will an- 
swer yes. Hi* suggestions and the action of tlie 
Legislature show how steadily and surely nil intelli- 
gent community repair the defects which time and 
practice reveal in their political system. 

RESPONSIBILITY FOR RAILROAD 
ACCIDENTS, 

Tilt’, investigation of the recent rail load tunnel ac- 
cident in New York has shown that there i* neces- 
sarily a great deal of "running for luck " in such an 
enclosure. The trains pn** every few minute*, and 
it is im|ios*ihlr to keep the tunnel free of smoke and 
steam, and as it is not lighted and the reverberation 
is incessant, the dinner of not seeing a Warning light 
or hearing a warning sound is very great. If to ibis 
chance lie added tlie average of the “law of disor 
der," which disturbs the normal operation of all warn 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


waft**'*". 

inf * n ^ Wiind* under the most favorable cir- 

cun»Bt*" ce *” rink of Iht tunnel hi evideiiL The 
true MlMUf is also evident. It i* to open the tunnel. 
But this is supposi-d to be practically hopeless, he- 
muse of llie protest of property owner* ami the enor- 
moil* depreciation of value which would follow. 
This might make opening the Iiutt alternative to be 
adopted, hut it ought not to exclude it from consid- 
eration. Nothing mud take precedence of regard for 
human life in providing for every kind of transpor- 
tation. 

With the facts now disclosed it is not easy to *eo 
how Huitulde protection can be afforded to train* 
whirli follow each other into the darkness no rapidly. 
Mr. DmV is iinquestioiinhly correct in holding that 
even if the natural humanity of the officers of rail- 
ways did not incline them to take every possible pre- 
caution for the protection of life, their pecuniary in- 
terest would iudnre them to do it. He is also correct 
in thinking that a great deal of newspaper criticism 
and censure upon railroad management is more emo- 
tional than wise. When n frightful disaster occurs, 
the feeling that somebody is to blame is instinctive. 
But generally only very careful inquiry can decide 
who and wlmt is responsible for the calamity. The 
moment investigation begins, the conflict of honest 
testimony reveals the folly of a snap judgment. 
There is a large proportion of railroad accident* to 
which the word guilt is wholly inapplicable. Yet 
while this should not prevent the strictest scrutiny, 
it should prevent the vehement expression of igno- 
rant opinion and denunciation. A railroad officer, 
even although he may be rich, is not necessarily an 
enemy of the human race. 

The part played by the car stove in the late colas 
trophe is thought by the coroner’s jury to be unques- 
tionable. Honest railroad mm differ upon the com- 
parative peril of different methods of beating. Mr. 
DKPKW argues that steam pipe* are more dangerous 
than a certain kind of Move designed to heat water 
to pass through pipe*. A break in a pipe, suddenly 
Riling a car with steam, he thinks, would destroy at 
once every person in tha car. But this is not so evi- 
dent a* that a stove full of burning coals would cer- 
tainly destroy a car in which it should la- overturned 
among the ruins. This is an incident so ghastly and 
so common that it ha* produced an indignant public 
demand for the prohibition of such stoves in cars, 
But wc do not recall a single case in which the break 
of u steam-pipe in a car has destroyed life. If then' 
are such instances they are very infrequent, and can- 
not be cited as against the notorious and constant 
horrible results of the stove. The present investiga- 
tion. the verdict of the jury, and the bailing of direc- 
tors arc all excellent, because tliey concentrate pub- 
lic attention upon a most important point. Directors 
of railways may la- unable to do more than to select 
experts for the details of management. But that is 
an enormous responsibility, because they are respon- 
sible to tlie public for the ability of the experts whom 
tliey select. They undertake to see that the public is 
transported safely, ami in the event of disuster the 
public ought vigorously to inquire not only whether 
the result was due to expert negligence or ignorance, 
but, if it were, how such negligence and ignorance 
came to be placed at tha critical point. 

SENATOR CLAOETT AND THE MORMONS. 

A MCKMT statement in the Wkkki.y regarding the elec- 
tion of Judge W t i.i.jvu H. Claoktt as Senator from Idaho 
fan* been wrongly interpreted to Imply that his election was 
largely due to Mormon Influence*. But that is not a fnir 
Inference from the artidr, wlucfa statist the undoubted fact 
that the defeat of Mr Drnots wnuhl tie agreeable to the 
Mormon*, who bod bltlerty opposed Mm. and "who are 
credited with do small influence “ 111 the result. 

They would have, however, no teasrm to rejoice In the 
success of Judge CuoKTT, who. a* rich-gate in Congress 
from Montana, introduced what was known as the Fiin.txu- 
HCTfKX bill, which passed the Senate and barely failed to 
pass the linn**, ami which «» laegely reproduced l>y the 
F.nwivu* bill. The present disfranchising clause In Ibe 
Idalio Constitution. and it* enforcement in the election law 
of the Slate recently pasted. are alro due to the action of 
Judge Ci.auktt and bU friend*, and cannot commend him 
strongly to Mormon sympathy and support 

This statement is but fair to obviate the consequence* of 
any prejudicial Inference from the article In question. 

DANIEL B. FA YER WEATHER. 

Tuts harmonium settlement of the contest over the Fa vf.ii- 
w father wiU l* a subject of public congratulation. It b a 
result due undoubtedly to I lie good seme of the executor*, 
who were made residuary legatee*, and who. by action satis- 
factory to the family licir*. have also increased llie splendid 
benefaction* of the testator. A sum of nearly fire million* 
of dollars will be distributed among colleges nml charities, 
and although institution* which are not *• In-led may think 
thnt they are as meritorious a* their more fortunate brethren, 
it will not be denied that the selections have been wisely 
made. 

ThL munificent gift I* nnotber illustration of what is he- 
mming a characteristic disposition of great fortunes by rich 
A— fleam, It is a manifestation of public spirit in its high- 
est Bud host sense. It is a corrective of the feeling that great 
wealth inevitably lends to extreme selfishness Indeed, it it 


unusual in this country for a great fortune to be devised 
without generous bequests for public purpose*. All over 
tlie land codec**, libraries, hospitals, museums. are mnnii- 
firetits of liberal individual benefactors, and monuments of 
the noblest kind. 

There is one excellent method In the Favkhwratmkr be- 
quests, a* we understand Ibcm. It is that they are left with- 
out conditions. A grateful Institution will often decide to 
nllarb the donor's name lo ilw disposition that may lie made 
of his beneficence. It may found a professor s chair, nr n 
department in a library, it muy build a gymnasium, or n 
laboratory, or a cliapel, ami giro to it hi* nsnic. Hut we be- 
lieve there is no such requirement in the Kaykiiw katheii 
legacies, and " reason good," according to the old phrase. 
Tire college i >r other Instil ill lot) ktiuw * much better than any 
benefactor i> likely to know how best to invest the money 
for its own benefit. Any gift i* welcome, but an uDcondi 
tlonal gift is doubly welcome. Tbo noble benevolence of 
Mr. FtTHnmrur.ii instantly places his name in the illits- 
triou* list of Ameriran w art hies who have shown that they 
hold their wealth a* a public trust. 

THE CATHOLIC CLERGY'S TEMPERANCE 
PROTEST. 

Tiie urgent' prewire of tlte Sr aimer bill in the Legisla- 
ture of New York has led to a very interfering Incident. 
Tbe bill wa* Intended lo provide for tlte nalo of liquor all 
night, ami thus to give legal sanction to the worst kind of 
dance hulls. It was n direct nnd damaging Mow at public 
peace anil order, and after cousultatinu several Homan Cath- 
olic clergymen in the city decided lo offer a joint protest. 
This decision led to it general petition. Prompt action wav 
essential, and within three day* a very imposing Hat of more 
tbiiu a hundred names of eminent Catholic clergymen was 
obtained, beaded l«y Mnnslgnor Parijct. 

The petition was refused a hearing. Tills was In accord 
with t)i« methods used lo force the hill to n pauutge. The 
Senate hr unanimous consent had piused it to a third read- 
ing. and the Assembly committee refused to arrept an 
amendment limiting tbe granting of an all hour*' license in 
respectable person*. Final action was forlunnleiy baffled, 
and a number of Catholic t--irir.cn* heartily approving the 
go* *1 work of their clergy and indignantly protesting against 
Ibe refusal to bear the clerical petition, have presented it 
again, protesting against the later Scturr bill. 

We have heretofore mentioned the prominent part which 
tlte Catholic clergy is taking in the leropentnre movement. 
It is not surprising, for no claw of the community is brought 
more immediately in contact with rise misery and crime 
which tbe saloons produce. No clam, also, I* better able lo 
reoder effectual assistance to the came by iw ascendency 
over its fellow -ell urchiiMD than the Cnlhotlc clergy. The 
position which they liarc taken in opposition to this Htais- 
i-fr scheme is u suggestive sign of the times, and emphasizes 
still more strongly the fart that the moral and orderly senil- 
mepi of the ccioimunity b united upon the question of re- 
strictive liquor-selling regulation. 

AMERICAN AID TO FOREION POLITICS. 

It i* an illustnlimi of extraordinary *' cheek" for Mr. 
Parxfm. to tend agent.* to this country to collect money to 
support Ills factional light in Ireland. He docs not repre- 
sent the movement for Iririi borne rule which the majority 
of the Irish members of Parliament support, and make a 
question of British politic* by their alliance with the Liberal 
party Neither they nor that party recognize Mr. Pahxkix 
as one of them, but on the contrary regard him as an iqipo- 
nrnt of the cause to which tliey are devoted. 

He, for his part, does not spore the mr*t contemptuous at- 
tack* upon tbe Liberal party, or tbe plainest hint* that there 
may lie a fundamental change of the Irish relation to Eng- 
land. If lie moans to appeal to the Irish sentiment of nepa- 
raristn.he ha* an undoubted right lodo so. But br might to 
do it openly, so that Irishmen in this country an well as 
Americans may understand tbnt the mission of Ilia agents is 
really to raise money lo help a reparation U-twwu England 
and Ireland. 

Mr. McCarthy'* friends are also about to appeal to thin 
country for pecuniary aid. It ia not altogcthrr pleasant to 
regard the UniUsl Sintra as the financial lja.se of foreign-poli- 
tic*, and to consider that a large part of the population is 
here to enable it lo carry on politics) content* in other coun- 
tries, The ense is tun Ibe same with tlte request of a foreign 
loon by a revolutionary movement in arms and maintaining 
an acknowledged government. The home rule contest is a 
question of British politics. In which one of tbe great British 
parties take* part It involve* a change of mctlifsb of iir 
pc rial administration, and it does not gain in dignity or in 
foreign res l iuct by passing round the list lu foreign countries. 

PERSONAL. 

A LRATIIKR apron played n prominent part in the recent 
Mayoralty campaign nl Oswego. New York. An opposition 
paper sneered at JnltN KciluE. a yonn* blacksmith and lb* 
Ih-nioe ratio muni nee, as the •• leal Iter-apron " candidate. 
The working-men at mice resented the slur, Campaign 
badge* uud nunnera ill the form of h-allmr apron* l*-raiue 
tbii-k.and Mr. Kfiiok vietil Into office with tbe Inygrst 
majority ever given for'Mnyor in Iheeity. 

-Mrs. M. M. Maumi uku. of Washington, own* the old- 
fashioned Freneli tH-il*tea<l ii|hiii w liicli President Lixcm.x 
slept during hi* administration, nnd upon which his lowly 
lay after tire inwnssiuatiou. Her husband, a While House 
carpenter, in, light it at an auction sale during Ajithth's 
administration. 

— Weekly kite-flying parties urn said to have furnished 
pleasant diversion for Sir Knwi.v AJLVoLU daring his stay- 
in the Flowery Kingdom. 

-Rnx Pitman, of Cincinnati, regards with pleasant 
satisfaction tha fact that he was christened by Ukxiiuik 


203 

fit Amur, tlte English poet, who tm rector of the parish in 
which Mr. PlYVAX was Isnru. He recalls the poet's ilescrip- 
tioo of a meeting wit It WtsIXY in the latter'* old nge, when 
lire grout prcui liet received C'RABBK with " benevolent 
poJitensB*." 

— President IIaiiiiIsoX aignrd tha copyright hill with 
tins quilt of an Amera-nu eitgl*, which was furnished by 
RniixiiT If. JoHNsnx. Af New York, secretary of the Inter- 
nalioiinl Copyright Ireogue. Mr. Joirxsox now haa tire 
quill. 

— IleXRY I it VI XII has been made a member of the Marl- 
borough fluli, election to which is obtained through the 
Prims- of Wales’s especial favor. 

— Dr. Ol.IVKR WknukI-L IIoi.wi:.* may come to New York 
to attend tlte Phillip* Academy alumni dinner on March 

nut. 

— The statement that Mis* Mary AxtucttMix (Mrs. Xa* 
v a it it* i i has retired permanently from the stage res-m* to in* 
con tinned by the fart that she is selling her drew* and 
other tlieatrical la-longings. 

— Sergeant Lkiuuiar ScitxYnKR.of the Ordnance Drpart- 
nient in the ntni.v, has just been retired, after serving eon- 
tlnuiHisly for fifty -three years. He iaow-r eighty years old. 
but would have srrvrd longer I, ml tint nn uceiik-ut in the 
old fori at Clark's Point, Mnsancliitsetts. disabled him. 

— Mrs. A. II. PERRIN!!, of Randall foiuity. Alabama, owns 
and mniiagi-s a plantation lu the heart of tire negro heir, 
and seem* to have a genius for getting along with the col- 
ored jteople. Ijst year *h« gitim-d six hundred bales of 
cotton, rnnuing the engine herself, anil sire personally 
ailperiuteiids ail tin* work ou the place. 

James PaYX, tbe English novelist, has joined the staff 
of P*imA. 

— Mrs. Fraxcfa Honasox Birxett will sooti return to 
this country to resume her literary work 

--'Die legitimate interest* of the turf lost a good friend 
lu the late Senator HkaR« 1, ufd'uli forma. He loved line 
Imrsew and admired their achievement*, but cared little for 
the gains or losses of the entirse. 

—IV. H. II, MyrraY ha* re|inrehased the old Mnrray 
homestead anil farm at Gnilfont, f'onuerrieiit, from wliieh 
Ire was forced to part some years ligo by hosimwn reverses 

— Hipary WaTTKHKOX. the brilliant jnumaliat, aspired to 
l*e a pinuist when a boy.and op|ienrrd in a number of con- 
on rts, hat a felon rohlied him of hi* thumb and changed his 
career. 

— Jahox, second son of Jnttx llnnwx, live* In California, 
and leelnre* on ti-mprranre. 

— Jtilix 8, KrXXKDY, the Wall Street banker, who is to 
erect a targe budding to he used as lit* head-quarters of the 
charitable aoMH-ialion* of New York city, i* a well-know n 
phi laid lirupUt, He i» president of the Presbyterian Hos- 
pital and a trustee of tire Lr-uox Lyceum and a director of 
the Museum of Art. Like many other Scotch American*. 
Ire lias made money by practical Imsiiirns met boil*, ami de. 
sire* now to use *iinilar method* in ailvaueing the interests 
of lire elty'* charities. 

— The fortune of Cmigieiwinau Johx L. MlTCHKlX, of 
Milwaukee, probably the richest man ill til* next House, la 
estimated at 

Water! no veterans seem lo lie uioTo nnuierons outside 
nf the British kiugilom than in It. France Im>s»Ih a doren, 
fJerinuny twlre as many more, mid Belgium two. Ooe of 
the Belgians is Chevalier Gkoruk D. Ki-ixol*, who now, at 
tire age of iiiiioly-MVcn, l» bnrgoniastvr of tbe village of 
Epiuui* lea KiiH-Ue. 

— Tire faculty of Harvard College recently admitted S. 
Ikkoa, of Japan, aa a regular student, permitting him to 
Hiihslituti* Chinese and Japanese for lire Latin and Greek 
usually required at eutrance. Mr. Ikkua had been a thor- 
ough student of th* elnssieal writer* in his own and tho 
Celestial languages, ami wan looked upon as having com- 
plied with tire spirit of the Harvard requirement*. 

--Senator WmouTT <* saiil t« he tire U-st lulhanl player 
in lire upper branch of Cnngrews. 

Mr*. May FUtXCU Shkijkix, who fonnerly liveil in 
Chirago,bnt nuire recently lu Paris, is soon lo vi*it tire In- 
terior of Africa to study lire native women. She will ride 
in a palanquin, ami take with her tut educated Arab cook. 

— Jmix WlIJtY, one of tbe oldest piihllsiiers In tbe L'sitol 
state*, died recently at East Orauge, New Jersey. 

Mrs. Ut.ur. Pt l.xAM XORMAX, who died recently in 
North Adams, Mussarhnsetla, was a granddaughter of Gen- 
eral I-ltAKl. Pvtxam. anil owned the sword which he car- 
ried during the KevoIntiouorT vnr. 

— Anifs-nx Hai.y, tire playwright and malinger. Is a 
lover of rare books, nnd Iras spent tnoeli money in collecting 
them. Ilia library of ilramutic works is one of the finest 
lu tit* country. 

Madame I'aVUNK LCCCA is about to retire front the 
operatic stage, 'at tire sge of forty-eight year*. 

-Congressman Mill*:*, of Sooth Carolina, has little to 
uuirk him as a colored man. Ids shut Ireing while ami his 
hair perfectly straight, lie i* n fureiblr speaker. 

— The hereditary Prine* of Nassin, with a prospect! va 
iuniM of IIJIU.UNI a year, is in Log Land lookiug for a wife 

— The Holland X*«-iety of this city boa received from 
Conan l-Geueral I’l.vvtrv. of the. Netberlnuds, n gavel made 
«if wood from the old Dutch cbntx h in Delftsharen, Hol- 
land, which was built in Ulti, and umler whom* roof the 
Pilgrim Fathers worshipped. 

— CKARUM Dickkxs, sou of the great author, is a pros- 
l» i tm* lamdon printer. 

— Tlirre i* talk of erecting a slatoe to President ARYltrit 
hi this rity from funds left over after the inonninent over 
his grave at Albany had Wu completed. 

JoAqL'IX MilJ.r k bus houglil a shot gnu, nml purposes 
to loi hi* own game w nnicn In pintrrtiug hi* preserves near 
Oakland. California, from posehi re 

Captain lloKATIo D. 8MII1I, well known all along tho 
roast as an eflteient officer of (lie revenue nnil ine rervUw. 
lias lieen pioimitisl to lire eommnml of a cruiser iu the 
navy. He i* a native of Mumnrhnoet t*,and come* of good 
fighting slock. His grenl-grnudfolhcr romninmled a war 
vessel during the Kev.ilut n>n. his grandfather hot a leg nt 
Lunds’* Ijine, anil his fatlrer fought in the Mexican war, 
while Captain riwiTM liiurerir wn* tin offSeer in the tuiiy 
during the Inst war. 




l.mVAKH IIAHKUiAN AMl MEMBERS OF HIS COMPANY. -{Six I'auk 2W.J 


Digitized by Cc 



lC Jl«,lS8l, 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


205 




I T wiw • <]u1| October morning. and heavy. rolling fur 
wreaths lay low over ilir wet. gray roofs of the Wool- 
wich houses. Down In tlie long, straight, brick lined 
street* nil was •ixltlrn nd greasy and rhwrlcn*. From 
the high, dink 1' iiUlliics of the nrsor.nl ciune the whir of 
m«nv wheel*, the ihudding of Inlgc weights, ami the m vriad 
hut* and ImiIm'I of human toll, Beyond. the sordid dwefllngs 
of the workingmen, smoke stained and unlorely. radiated 
away In a lessening perspective of narrowing" road and 
dwindling wall. 

There were few folk In the streets, for the toller* had all 
I wen ahwirlwd since break i>f day hy lire huge smoke spout- 
ing monster, which sacked in the manhood of the town, to 
Web it forth, weary and work-stained, every night. Little 
group* of chihlren straggled to school, or loitered to nerp 
through the single front windows lit tiic hypertrophied 
nihles. Ixilutneri upon small three legged tables, which were 
their usual adornment. Stout women, with thick red arms 
and dirty aprons. Stood upon the whitened doorsteps, leaning 
niton their brooms, and shrieking tlieir morning greeting* 
acro*» thn food One. stouter, redder, and dirtier than the 
rest, had gathered a smsll knot of cronies around her, and 
was talking energetically, with little shrill litters from her 
audience to punctuate her remarks* 

"Old enough to know Iteller?” she cried, in answer to an 
exclamation from ottn of the Hsteoen*. "If he boin't no 
■enat now. 1 'specs he won't learn much on this side <>* 
Jon ton. Why.nw obi Is he at all? Bloaoed If 1 could ever 
moke oul" 

“ Well, it ain't no hard to reckon." said a sharp featured, 
pale faced woman with water)' blue eyes, " He's been at 
the Initio o Waterloo, and has the pension and medal to 
prove IL'" 

" That were a ter'hlc long time agoue." remarked a little 
fat person, with her skirt tucked up and a pair of list slip- 
pers very much down at ihe heels ''It were afore I were 
bom " 

" Afore your mother were born or thought of," cried the 
first speaker “ 1 b'liove it were n liundret year agone.” 

" It were Ilf teen year after the beginnin' of the century." 
cried a vounger woman, who bail stood leaning against tbo 
wall, with a smile of superior knowledge upon her fat* 

" My Hill was a- saying w> In-t Sabbath, when I spoke to him 
o' uhl [>sddy Brewster, here. " 

"To hear yon talk, one 'ud think your Bill was the only 
Bill there was." exclaimed the pallid woman, snappishly. 
"And ilippooc he spoke truth, Missus Simpson, i>w long 
agone do that make It?" 

" It's eighty one oow," said the original speaker, chock 


ing off the vent* upon her coar*o red Ungers, "and that 
were fifteen. Ten, and ten, and ten, sad ten. and ten— why. 
It's only sixty and six year, so be ain't eo old after all." 

•• But he weren't a new bora balw at the battle, silly," 
cried the fat woman, with n chuckle "ft'pose lie were 
only twenty, tlien lie couldn't be lea* than six and eighty 
now. at the very low 

" Ay. lie's that— er 
cry day of It," cried sev 
oral. 

•' I've had "bout 
enough of It," remark 
ed thn large woman, 
gloomily ' l 'n It-* hi* 
young niece, or grand- 
niece. or whatever she 
i*. come today. I'm off, 
and he can find some 
one oUc to do his work 
Why. my old man is 
only Ju»t pickin' up 
from the tripod fever, 
and Sammy home from 
school with the brown 
chills. Your own 'otne 
first, says L" 

"Ain t lie quiet, then. 

Missus Simpson ’"asked 
tbo youngest of the 
group 

" Listen to him now." 
she answered, with her 
hand half raiwri and her 
lirewl turned slantwise. 

From tbo upper floor 
there came n shuffling, 
sliding sound, with a 
slurp tapping of a stick. 

" There lie go hark and 
forrnnds, doing wliui ho 
call his sentry go. 'Arf 
the night through lie's 
at that game, thn silly 
old juggins. At nix 
o’clock this very mom- 
in' there he was heatin' 
with a stick at my door. 

'Turn out, guurel!' he 


cried, and a lot more Jargon tliat I could make nothing of. 
Tlien what with bis roughin' aod ‘awkln’ and spiltin'. there 
ain't no gettin' a wiuk o' sleep Ilaric to him now I" 

" Mt*»u» Simpson' Misaus Simpson!" cried a cracked and 
querulous voice from above. 

"That's him'" die cried, nodding her head with on air of 


•• THET RK torso. Urnrrl.Y ; BUT TKST U AIS'T FOROOT 
HOW TO MARCO." 


triumph " He do go on somethin' scandalous. Yet. 
Mister Brewster. »ir 

" I wunt tnv morning ration. Missus Simpson." 

" It's Just ready. Mister Brewster, sir." 

Blessed if be ain't like a bahy cry in' fur its pap." said 
the fat woman 

"A baby! He's more trouble than twins," cried Mrs 
Simpson, viciously. " I fee) as if I could shake bis old 
bone* up sometimes. But who's for a 'arf pint of four 

pennyY" 

The whole company were aliout to shuffle off to tho 
public-house, wlten a young girl stepped acre** the road 
am! touched the bouse keeper timidly upon thr arm. 

I think that i« No. M Arsenal View." die sold 
"Can you tell me if Mr. nrewstet lives here?'' 

Thenousc-keepcr looked critically at the new comer 
She was a girl of about twenty, brood faced and comely, 
with a turned up nose and large hottest gray eve*. Her 
print dress, her straw lint, with a bunch of glaring pop- 
pies. and the bundle which she curried bad all a smack 
of the country. 

" You're Surah Brewster. I s'pr-*c T" said Mrs. Simp- 
sou eying her up and down with no friendly ga/c 
"Ye*; I've come to look after my granduncleOrr^fory " 
" And a good Job loo cried tbo fat ho uce- keeper, with 

a too* of her bead. " It's about time dial some or lii* 
own folk took a turn at It. for I've had about enough of 


20 fi 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 1787. 


Ii. There you arc, young woman! In you gr.. 
and make yoursrlf at home, There's leu in 
the ruddy, anil bacon on the dresser. and die 
• •Id mail will tie about you if you don’t fetch 
him hi* breakfast. I ll' scud Tor my things In 
the’cventii ' With a nod *l»e caught up her 
tultr-rcd Ism net from a peg, u n< I -troll'd off 
« ilh her attendant gossips in the direction of 
the public bouse. 

Thu* left to her own devices the country 
girl walked into the front mom. mid took off 
her lint suit jacket. It was a low-roofed 
apnilmcwl. with a sputtering fire, «|kiu which 
» sm.ill In ilh kettle was singing cheerily. A 
stained doth lay over half lire table, with an 
empty brown t caput, a loaf of bread, mid some 
am ore crockery. Norah Brewster looked 
nipjdly about her. and in an in-tmit look over 
her new duties. Ere live minutes had paw- 
l'd the tea was made, two slice* of Imcoa 
were fiiz/liug on the pan, the ruble was re 
arranged, lire antimne-awnn straightened over 
tlie cumlire brown furnllitie. and the whole 
room bad taken n new air of comfort and 
neat new. This done, die lookisl ruiliid CM 
rioualy nt the prints which bung upon the 
walls.' Over tlie fireplace. in a small square 
case, n brown medal cauetit her eye. with a 
strip of purple ribbon. Ih-uulb wan a small 
slip of newspaper cutting. She stood on 
her tiptoes, with her lingers on the edge of 
the innutel-pii-c*. and craned her neck up to 
arc it. glancing down from time to time at 
the bacon, which simmered and ld«*ed be 
neatli her The cutting was yellow with 
age. and ran ill this way: 

“On Tuesday an interesting ceremony 
whs perful ined at the ha/racks of (lie Third 
Regiment of Guards when, in the presence 
of the I’lioce Kegeul. Lord Hill. Lut'd Sal 
tnuli, and an assemblage which comprised 
beauty iu well as valor, a special medal wus 
pre«enred to Coeporad Gregory Brewster, of 
Captain Haldane's Hank company, lit recog- 
nition of his gallantry in the recent great 
battle in the Lowlands. It appears that on 
the ever memorable isth of June four com- 
panies of the Third Guards and of die Cold 
stream*, tinder the command oft'ohmelg Malt 
land and Bvng. Im-UI tbc important farm- 
house of ll"UL' , mmorit at tlie right of the 
British position. At it critics! point of tlie 
action these troops found tbentselven abort of 
powder Seeing dial GenrTals Fny and Je- 
rome Buonaparte were again massing their 
infantry for an attack nn the position. Col- 
onel Uyng despatLhed Corporal Brewster to 
the tear to hasten up the reserve ammuni- 
tion. Brewster came upon two powder turn 
brlls of the Nii*kiii Division, mid succeed**!, 
after menacing tlie driven with his mussel. 
In Inducing them to convrytheir powder to 
Hoilgoumont. In bis aloencr, however the 
Ledges surround lug Use .•■sltioii I uni Im.-u 
act on tire by * Imwitxcr huttrry <if the French, 
mid tbc paessco of the twits full of ptiwiler 
become n moat lia/.ardons matter. Tlie first 
tumbril exploded, blowing the driver to frag- 
ments. Daunted by tbc fat* of his comrade, 
the second driver turned his horses ; hut Cor- 
poral Bremer, Springing upon hi* seat, hurl- 
ed the limn down, and urging tile powder 
cart through the flame*, succeeded in forcing 
a way to Ids companion*. To this galluut 
deed may l»- directly aurilxiicd the simoom 
of the British arms, for without powder it 
would have been iiup"«.ihU> to nave held 
lloiigoiiinonl, and the Duke of Wellington 
bad repeatedly declared ttiut liad llougiMi- 
moot fallen. IIS well as l.n Have Sainlc, lie 
would have found it Impossible to have held 
hU ground Long may the hemic Brewster 
live to treasure tin: medal width lie has so 
hravrly won tuid to look lock with pride to 
the duy when, iu the presence of his com- 
rade* in aim*, lie received this tribute to Id* 
valor from the august hand* uf the lirst gen- 
tleman of the real in!'* 

The reading of this old velhiw cutting in- 
creased in Norah’* mind tbc deep reverent* 
with which she bad always regarded ber 
warrior rvlntirc Front her infancy he bad 
been her ideal, her hero, and lienee sbe ha-l 
begged to Ih- sent to hi« aid when the ileuth 
of bis Iiimi » r ket-per bud made it lieoiwary 
tliMt some one should lie with him- True, 
sbe had never yet seen him iu the flesh, hut 
a ntde awl faded pointing at I some, whirb 
depicted a square-faced, clean-shaven, stal- 
wart man, with nu enormous bear skin cap. 
rose ever before Iict memory wlw-n sbe 
thought of him. 

Mbe was still paring at llio blown medal, 
ami wondering wli-xt the "ihthv rt ttrrorum 
r*t~ might mean, which was inscribed upon 
the edge, when there Mine ii vlddeO tapping 
iiimI Unilfling on I lie stair, and there lit the 
door was standing tlie very man who bad 
been w often in her thoughts 

Hut could lids Indeed U- he! Where were 
the marital air. the flushing eye the warrior 
face which sbe had pictured! There, framed 
in Uic doorway, was a sionplug. twisted old 
tnan, gaunt and thin, with trembling hands 
and shuffling, jNirpnaelc-a gait. A cloud of 
tluffv while hair a red veil ird nose, two pro 
jeciiog tufts of eyebrow, and a pair of dimly 
i|ue»lioning blue eyes — tlu-sc were what met 
her pare. He leaned forward ii|h>ii a stick, 
while liis shoulder* rose and fell «* he breath- 
ed with a crackling, titxping mmuhL 

“ 1 want my morning rations, "he cried, ns 
be slumped forw ard tv bis chair. ' ■ Tlie cold 
nip* me without 'em Hep, to my lingers." 
He held ou» Ida band, all blue ut flic tips, 
wrinkled and gnarled, with huge projecting 
knuckles. 


“It's nigli ready, "answered tlie girl, gating 
nt him with preul wondering eyes. “ D>m l 
you know who 1 am. granduncle? I am 
North Brewster, from Leyton." 

" Rum I* warm.' crooned the old man, 
rocking himself to and fro in his choir, “ and 
scbtMppa is warm, and there'* 'oat in soup; 
but a dish o' teu -n disli o' tea. What did you 
say your name waa!" 

" Nnrah Brewster." 

" Speak out. las*, for my 'earin' ain't wbat 
it was Xomh Browner, ch? Then you'll 
be brother Jarge's girl? l>ir'. »o think of 
little .large havin' a girl." He rhuckktl 
hoarsely Iu himself. amt the long, stringy siu- 
ew* of his throat Jerked and quivered 

•' I am the daughter of your brother Jarge's 
ran." ‘aid she. aa site deftly turned Hie bacon 
on tlie dish. 

** Lor', hut little .huge was a rare tin," lie 
went on. “ Kli bvjiiirini.lberew u* no elii. us- 
ing .huge, lie's got a bull pun u' mine that 
I lent him wbcii I look Ibe shilling. Likely 
it's deoil now. He didn't give it to ye Iu 
bring?" 

" Why. grandpa .large has been dead ibis 
twenty ytwrs," cried Norah, pout tog out tbo 
old man's tea 

• Eli. I Kit it were a liciitiliful pup— by Jtm- 
ini. a Imaiilifnl pup* And 1 am told for the 
lack o' my rations. Runt is good and 
schnapps, hut I'd as lief have tea as cither." 

“I've nt two pound* of butter and some 
egg* in tbc bundle. "cried Norali. “Mother 
said as 1 wus to give you ber tvspec'a and 
love. and dic'd lia' sent a tin o [pylori cream. 
I>u l it ud have tnriusl on the way." 

“ Eh. It's a middlin' goodlsli way." wdd lie. 
supping loudly at his ten. “ Likely the stage 
left ye-ternight." 

’ ' The wlut, uncle’" 

“The coach ilnit brought ye ~ 

"Nay: I came by the mornin’ tnun." 

" Lor’ now. think o' that! You ain't afewr- 
id. then, o' theoc new-fungleil things’ Ry 
imini. to think o' Volt earnin' by railroad 
ike tlint! What's tno world adornin' lo!" 1 

Them was silence for some minutes a* 
Norab aut by tlie lire stirring her Itsa, and 
glancing sideways at the bluish lips and 
cliampliig jau * of her companion. 

“ You must Ua' seen a deal of life, tinrir,” 
she said at last. “ It inu*l secui a long, long 
time to you.” 

“Not so vrrr long, oelllier I'm ninety 
crime neat Candlemas, but it don’t «ccin long 
since I look Hie bounty. And that battle it 
might ha’ Imo vmterday, By jiroini. I've 
gut (he smell nl the buryil powder iu my 
now! Eb. hut l get a power of food from 
rny ratioriH." He ilkl hnleed ln..k less worn 
mid cobirlesa tbun when she first saw him. 
There was a little lleck or pink Upon either 
cticck, and uspu k of animation in Ida eyes. 
“ Have you rend Hint?" lie u*ked, jerking his 
head In tlie direction of tlie paper cutting 
" Yes. uncle, and I am sure that you must 
be proud of it." 

“Ah. »l wax a great day for me— a great 
dnv. The Regent wan there, and a flue laxly 
of "a man. too, ‘The Hdgntai is proud of 
you.' says he. ’ Aud I'm proud of the ridg- 

meat.' say* I ’ A good answer too.' 

says lie to Lord Hill, nnd they hath burst out 
a laughin'. A spoonful from that bottle by 
Hie l.riixs iwndlrstiek. my dear It's parrgor- 
ic. and It cat* the phlegm But wliat Ire you 
a-porpin' out o’ the window for?” 

"Ob. grauiJuucle." the girl cried, clapplug 
licr blinds, "Imre's a ivsimmt of soldier* 
cumin' down Hie *t reel, with the band playin' 
at the head of them!" 

A ridgniciil. eh? Where l»e my glnsaew? 
Lofdy. Ult I call hear the launl ** plain o» 
plain! Here they tsime — piouerts, drum 
major, band. Wlut be their number. Itt**r" 
Hi* eye* were shining, and bis glen I bony 
hand. llke the f law of *onie tkiws old Idtxl. 
dug into ber shoulder. 

They don’t mat to hare no numlier. 
uncle. They've something wrote on their 
shoulders. Oifot dslil re.' I think It he." 

“ Ah. yea," he growled; " I hoard a* tlicy 
laid dropped (he iiuinliers, and given ilietu 
new fsnglrd names, There they go, by Jim- 
inl! Tltey’re youug. mostly, but they haln’l 
forgot bow to man'll Bhwacd if I can sec 
the light boio. tbough. But they bate Ibe 
swing— ay. they have the swing He gored 
after them until the last flies had turned the 
comer, and the itnuumnd tramp of their 
marching had died away in the distonre. 

" Where »•« that benkf ha CMMlntied. 
slumping hi* way latck to the wood, u tina- 
cbalr on ih« further side of tlie rtreplacc. 

“ It cuts the phlegm. It s Hie tnolies that's 
wrong with me Joyce *uy» so. nnd be be n 
ek ver man. I’m in bis club There's the 
card, f hi i' t up. under yon flat Iron Why. 
(Urn my skin!' be broke out suddenly, slap- 
ping his withered thigh. "I knew us some 
thing was amiss " 

" Where, uncle V 

"In them roldicr* I've got it now 
They d forgot their slocks. Not one of 
'em had hi* Mock on " He ernaked and 
chuckled for a long time over bis discovert'. 
“It wouldn't ha' dotw for the Ifook," fie 
muttered; “no. by jimiui! tlie lhxik wmild 
Ini' had a Word there " 

•Why. unde," cried Nnrah ' ' here lx* ii 
soldier at our door. <>ne of them with the 
blue coats and gold braid. " 

"Eh. aud what do be watilf Open the 
door to him, loss, and n*k him w lial be want ?" 

A fall, brown- fared artilkryman, with the 
flirea gold ihevron* of M-rgeunt upon his 
anu. stood, carbine iu bund, ujmtt tbdr tiu- 
glc step. 


“ G<Kiit-moroing. mi*s." said he, raising 
one lltick Anger to lit* jaunty, yellow Imudeu 
cap , "I bilt-ve H icre's no "Id gentlcmiui 
live* here uf Ihe name of Brewster, who was 
engaged iu the I tattle o' Waterloo* ’ 

“It's my gmndunc-lc. sir,” snul Nnrah, 
casting down b.ieyes before the keen, criti- 
cal cnxc uf the vouttg soldier. “He is in 
the front parlor 4 

"Could I have a word with him, ntiu7 
I'll cull agnin if It dvo t chance (u lot con- 
venient. 

" ( am sure (hut lie would lie very glad to 
see you. sir. He's in here, if you'll slop in. 
Uncle, I tele's n geutlemau who wants tu 
speak with you " 

*' Proud to see yuu. sir -proud and glad, 
sir!" cried the sergeant, taking three ste|>s 
forward into the room, grounding hi* rat- 
hiiie. while lie raised bis hiinil. |ulm fur- 
wnnl, in a solute Nuntli stixsl by tlie door, 
with her nmuth nnd eves open, wondering 
whether her grabduocki bud over in III* 
prime, hxiked like this magnificent creature, 
and whether be. ill Ills into, would ever come 
t<> re-i.-mble ber granduncle. 

Tin; nM mao blinked up st hU vi-liur. and 
shook bi* I wail slowly " Sit ve down, ser- 
geant. " said lie. pointing with fii* stick t>> a 
chair " You're young for the stripes 
Lovdy, ft'a easier to gel throe now tbun one 
in my day. Gunner* were old soldiers then, 
ami the gray hairs came quicker titan Uic 
three stripe* " 

“1 am eight years service, sir," cried the 
sergeant; " Macdo-rmld Is my name — Sergeant 
MiKsloiiHld, of 11 Bxtlery. Southern Artillery 
Hivbwlon I have culloif a» the spokesman of 
iny mutes at Hie gunnel*' lumirks (a say lliat 
we are proud to have vmi in the town, sir." 

Old Brewster chuckled and Tuhlssi his 
bony hand-. “That were what the Regent 
saul," he cried- '"The ridg mint I* proud 
of ye.' lie. ‘And I am proud of tbc 

ridgmrnt.'Ray* !. • And a co**l answer 

loo.' says be, and he mid Lord Hill burst 
out a laughin'." 

“The non-commissioncd mess would be 
proud and honored to see you, sir," said Ser- 
geant Macdonald. " And if you could step 
as fur you'll always tlud a pipe o' hnccy nnd 
a glass of grog awaitin' you. 

The old mail lauglKsl until he coughtd. 
“ Like to sec me. would they? The dug*!" 
salt) he. ' Well. well, when the wurnt weather 
coine* again I'll maybe drop In. It's likely 
that I'll drop iu. Too grand for a run teen, 
eh? Got your mo* just the satin- as the 
or fleers. What's Hie world a coinin' to at 

•IP" 

“ Y'mi wax in the line. sir. wait you not?" 
asked Hie sergeant respectfully. 

"The Hue?" cried tlie old man with shrill 
acorn; " never wore a shako la my life, tarn 
n Guunlsman. I am Served in the Third 
Guards — Hie same they (all now the Scot* 
Guards Lorrty. but they have all marched 
away, every man of them, from old folonel 
Hyng down to the drummer-hoys, aud here 
am I u straggler — Hint’s what I am, sergeant, 
a straggler! I'm here, when 1 ought to be 
there But it ain't my fault, neither, for I've 
never lieen culled, and I'm rauty to full in 
when the word conics." 

" We've all got to muster there, "answered 
the sergeant. Won't you try my baccy, 
air?" handing over a «eul akin pouch. 

Oh! Brrwsier drew a blackened clay pipe 
fti-tn Ills |vn h>-:. nnd began to siulT the to 
bam i into tlie howl. In an instant it sllp|ied 
through his Huger* ami wnw broken to pSem 
on the floor. Ilis lip qttivend. hi* nose 

[ tuckered up, and he begun crying with Uic 
iing helpless sob* of a child. ” I've broken 
my |ii|M'. " he cried. 

Don't, uncle — oh, don't. ’ cried Nandi, 
bending over him nnd patting his white bead 
as otie soothes a baby. "It don't umtlrr 
Wc can coxy got anoUier. " 

"Don't you fret yourself, air," said the 
sergeant. “ Ere* a wooden pi|« with nn 
amber mouth, if yuu'll do me the honor to 
accept it from me. I'd be real g)a>J if you 
will take it." 

" Jiminl!" erbd lie. Ills smiles breaking in 
an instant through bis tears. "It* a fine 
pip*. 8 m to my new pipe. Norah. I lav 
that Jarge never had a pipe like that. You've 
got your firelock there, sergeant." 

Yes, air; I was nn my way luirk from tlie 
butts w Iren I looked iu ” 

“ J.ct me have tlie feel of It. Lordy. but 
it -reins like uld times In have tine's build on 
n musket Wbat'x the inimuaL sergeant. ehT 
('nek your llrelix k— look to your priming- 
prosent ynur firelock — eli. sergeant? «>b, 
jiminl. I’ve broke four musket in halves! * 
“That's nil rlgfit, sir." cried the gunner, 
laughing. “ You pressed nn the lever and 
opened the bitoeh-plece. That's when.- we 
loud 'em, you know." 

"Lewd 'em ut (lie wrong end! Well, well, 
to think o' that And no ramrod, neither! 
I've hoc red tell of it. but ! never lx licvcd it 
afore. Ah. it won't come up to Brown Rc*s 
When tlie re's work to lie done, you mark inv 
wind and sco if lliey don't come hack to 
Brown Ilea*.” 

“By tire Lotd. sir." cried the sergeant, 
hotly, "they need some rhiuigc out in South 
Africa now. I aee by this morniu's pu|icr 
Hint lire government hnx knuckled unili-r to 
these Burra Tbev're lint about it nt the 
aon com. mr». 1 can n-ll you. sir. " 

“ Eli. eh." crooked old Brewster. “By 
jiminl. it wouldn't Ii . done for Him [)<n>k ; 
the Dook Would ha' had a word to »uv over 
that!" 

“Ah, that he would, air," cried the ;cr- 


grnnt, "and find send u* another like him 
But I’ve wearied you enough for one sitting. 
Ill look in again, and I'll bring a comrade ur 
two w ith me if 1 may, for there isn't one hut 
would lie proud to have Bpeeeb with you." 

Bo with another salute to the veteran, and 
a glram of while teeth lit Norah. the lag 
gunner withdraw, leaving n memory of blue 
cloth and of gold braid behind iiim Many 
days hud not |x>ucd, however, before Ire wa* 
hack again, and tlin*ugh all tlie long winter 
he wax a frequent visitor at AtNetsid View. 
Tin te enme a time ut hut when it might he 
divulged to which of lire two oecupuutx fau 
visits were directed; nor wo* it liaul to say 
by which Ire was moot unxiously awaitnt. 
lie brought nlhrrx with him. and n»m, 
throiigli all the line*, a pilgrimage to Daddy 
Brewsu r's came to lie looked upon as the 
proper thing to do. Gunner* and sappers, 
linesmen and dragoon*, eatno bowing and 
hobliing itiio live liitle parlor, with clatter of 
side arms and clink of spur* stretching llieir 
long Iocs uctiws lire twitrhwoik rug, and 
hunting in the front of tlrelr tunks for the 
H-rew of tubacro, or paper of snntf. which 
they had brought *- a xlpn of llieir esteem. 

It was a drndly cold winter, with six week* 
mi end of snow un lire ground, and Nocnli had 
a liard tusk to keep lire life in thnt time-worn 
body Tlrere were time* when hi* mind 
would leave hint, and wlteti. save for an out- 
cry when the hour of his meal* came round, 
no word would fall from him, save vague 
rambling* nnd mumldiugs. lie vra* a white- 
haired child, with all a child's (roubles aurl 
emotions. As the warm weather came once 
more, however, and the green lmd* peejx-d 
forth again upon lire tree*, (lie hbaui Hewed 
in hi* vein*, nnd he would even drag him- 
self a* far as the <iuar to h%*k in the lifc-giv 
lug sunshine He was seated there one af 
tr-rnoon upon liis ranip^irMtt, when there 
came au elderly, gray whiskered gentleman, 
swinging hi* cane, and glancing up at the 
numbers of the house*. 

' Hullo" saiil he. when lie came abreast of 
tbc old man. “ I 'crimps you are Gregory 
Brewster?" 

My name, sir," answered the veteran. 

“You are tlie same Brewster, ns I under- 
stand. whose name t* on Hie roll of the 
Scots Guards os having been present at the 
buttle of Waterloo? " 

" I am (list man «ir though we railed it 
the Tlvltd Guard* In tlret-e 'lays, it was a 
fine ridgment nnd tiny only' treed me to 
nuke tip a full muster." 

"Tut. tret; they'll have to wall years fur 
that ' mill the gentleman, heart ilv: "but I 
am the Colonel of the Hem* Guatiis. aud I 
thought I would like to bare a word with 

Old Gregory Rro a was up in nn in- 
stant, with hi* bund to Ilis nibliil-sklll cap. 
“Gixl bless me!" be cried. " To think of It 
— to think of it.” 

"Hadn't Hie gentleman better come in?" 
suggested Hie pruetteal Norah from behind 
tire; tluot . 

"Surely, sir, surely; walk In. air. if 1 mar 
he so bold." 

In hi* exeltctiH-nt lie Imd forgotten hi* 
stick, nnd ax lie led the way into the parlor 
hi* kneea loitered, and lie threw out Lis 
blinds In an instant Hi.- eohwiel bail caught 
him on otic xkle, and Norah on tin- oilier. 

" Easy and suwdy." *aid the colunei. aa lie 
led liitn to his aim thuir. 

"Tlmnk re. sir. I was near g'Ute that 
lime. But. Lorelv! wliy, I can irarcclr l>e- 
lievc it. Tu think of mV lire ci>i|»jral of the 
flank company, and yon Hie culoncl of the 
battiiliiHi Lofdy, but Irow things nime 
round to la- sure!" 

" Wlij . we aiu very proud of you in I-on- 
don,” said tlie rolom-l •* And mi you arc 
actually uiic of the men who field Hnugou- 
01001?'’ 

He lixiked at the bony trembling hand*, 
wjlli their huge k twilled kmo-klm, tlie stringy 
(brant, iiiid Hie heaving rounded shoulders. 
Could this. Indeed. I*e the ln*l of tlmt bund 
of heroes? Tlirii he glanred at the hnlf fllli>rl 
phial*, the blue liniment Uillltw. tho luttic- 
xjxiutcd kettle, and the xoidhl dvriuks nf the: 
sick room ■ B* Her. surely. Imd be died un- 
der tbc liUuug rafters of the Bclgi:ui furtu 
house. '' thoiiciit the colonel. 

"I hope Hint you are pirttv comfortable 
and liappv." be remarked, after a pause. 

"Thank ye. *ir. I have a go>td tlcnl of 
trouble willi my tixibes- n deal of trmibU*. 
You woiildn't think tire job it I* to cut the 
phlegm. Aud I need my rations. I get* 
cold without 'em And my Joints — they 
ain't what they ought to Ire.' 

" How's Hie memory!" asked the colonel. 

“Oli. than ain't nothing amis* there. 
Why. sir. 1 could give yuu I lie inane of cverv 
matt in Captain Ilnldiim-V flank companv. 

"And tlie battle— vnu moemtx-r it?"' 

" Why. I sees it all afutv lire every time 1 
sit ut* my eyes. Lordy, sir, you wouldn't 
hardly believe how clem it l* t.. me There- '* 
our line from tla: paregoric liol lie right nlorij; 
lo the siinfT Ih>x D'ye see? Well, then I he 
pill box is for llnugouinnnt on the riglit. 
wire IV we wua. alid Numb's Ihitubie for 
Ilityc flainle. Thrrc it is all right, sir, and 
here were our gun*, and here Iw-liind tbc j-, 
serve* and the Belgians' Aeh. them IVe-i 
giiin*!" He split furiouly into tbc lire 
"Then licres lire Prencb where my pipe 
lies, nnd over here, where 1 pul niv btew 
pouch, was the Ih'xs-ianR n-cuntin' up un « .»i| 
left llxnk. Jitnini. Imt it Wa* a glad sight to 
gee tlie smoke uf tlieir guns'" 

"Aud what wo* it that struck you in 


1301. 


tlAAr^A O 


Jjfjaij 1 . 




now with the whole affair?" 

ukod '**, ’ V U "H'I. 

1 ^ l 'Wc liulf crott'UH over it. I did." 
rTiKiu*"' ° Hrewstcr I shouldn't wonder 
it 1 wM J ,ev '-T tn g, t ill bJ money low I lent 
'em m .lube/. Smith. mr rvarrimk miui iu 
Brunei* ‘Only till p»vd;iy, Grip,' »y» 
be. B)' llinini, lie was -ruck l>y i» lancer at 
(junrter Brass. uud me with mil so much ns 
u slip >>' J«|mt lo prove ill® debt* Them 
three half-crowns i» as gixsl us lurt to mr 

The colonel row? from Ills chair. laughing. 
• The officers of ihcGuanl waul you lo buy 
yourself an me little trifle which may u*M In 
your coinfort. " lie wml, "It ia not from 
me. an von mill not thunk me. He look up 
the old mini s lousy pouch and slipped n 
crisp hunk-note insure ii. 

••Thank ye kindly, sir. But there* one 
favor that 1 would like to ask you, colonel." 

•• Yea. my man?" 

" If I'm called, colonel, you wool grudge 
me a (Jug uni] n firing |*»rty ' I'm not n 
civilian; I'm a Guardsman— I'm the U»i of 
the out Third Oimrds. When I'm gone 
they'll have a good muster yonder." 

" All right, my man. I'll see to it." said the 
colonel. "Good-by I hope to imve nothing 
but good new* from you." 

"A kind gentleman. Norab." croaknl old 
Brewster, us i hey *iw him walk jmst the 
window; "hut, Lordy. lie ain’t tit to black 
tile hoot* id my old Colonel Brng." 

Early in May the veteran*! breathing grew 
more labored, ami be had n sore struggle for 
air Kor week* ou cud lie lay gaspiiig, 
propped with pillows, null) lo- feeble spark 
of lire was but a flickering thing, which any 
hour might extinguish. Tire young curate 
of tire parish used to conut in of an evening 
and read the Bible lo him. hut lie seemed lo 
take little notice of it for On- most part. 
Only the chaplets about Joshuu and the 
ware of the Israelites !ip|H-*r«d to tlx bis at- 
tention, and be held his trembling bund up 
lo bis oar fui fear of mbalug u word of them. 

"I any.” lie croaked one night, " what's 
that great light that is to be?" 

“ Armageddon?" 

"Ay. that's the word. That's the great 
battle in tint oilier world, ain't it* 

"It ii lire great final fight, "said Ike curate. 

“ It Is said lo be ty pi Cal of the struggle be- 
tween good and eviL" 

The old man lay silent for a loug lime. 

" I s'pccls the Third Guard* 'll la- there," he 
remarked at last. "And the I tank — Ike 
Hook 11 have something to «ty. " 

It wils the 1 Mil of Ju ne. ilw anniversary of 
the great » Ictory.when things came at i«»‘i t« 
n crisis witli the old soldier All day lie bud 
Inti) with nothing but Ids pulling blue lip* 
ami the twitching of bis scraggy neck lo 
show that be still Ik hi the breath of life. 
Norah ami Sergeant Macdonald had sat by 
him in tbc afternoon, tail he had shown no 
COMCiouam-M of their ptvsrtuc. lie lay 
peatvfuily. his eyes half closed, Ids bunds 
tinder his" check. as one who is very weary 

They had left him for an icislaut. and 
wereriuiug In tin* front room when Numb 
wns preparing the tea. when of a sudden they 
heard Ufa footstep In tin- mom above, and a 
about Uiat rung through the house Loud 
aud dear and swelling it pealed in their ears, 
a voice fill! of strength and energy and fiery 
passion "The Guards need |iowder." it 
cried ; and yet again. " the Guards need pow- 
der." 

Tire sergeant sprang from his chair and 
nisbed up stair*, followed by the trembling 
Norah There w*s the old man standing by 
ins bedside, ilia blue eyes sparkling, hi* white 
hair hik-'lun:. his whole figure towering au<l 
expanding, with eagle head ami glance of 
tire. "The Guard* need powder," he lliuri 
derm] once again, "mid by God they shall 
hare it!" lie threw up hb long sinewy 
arms, and sank buck with a groan upon In’* 
pallet. The sergeant stooped over lnm. and 
ids face darkened. 

"Ob. Archie. Archie,” sobbed tlu- fright- 
ened girl. " what do you think of him?" 

Tin: sergeant turned away. "I think." 
said he. " that ibu I bird Guards have a full 
muster now." 


A QUAKER CITY INSTITUTION. 

Piut.ADKLPim. uot generally given to orl 
ginul mittairvis, once slartrd u w brine which 
Iras ripened into unite n queer affair. uud one 
which HTDii likely to stay 

Some yen re ago the government of Hie 
Academy of Fine Arts and the Germania 
Orchestra. of limrehotioreil local fame, pul 
their head* together sod decided to give 
weekly concerts amongst tin- picture* and 
•tatuary for the benefit of the public. 
Twenty-five cruta admission being within 
the reach of all rlit *>*•*. the building sees a 
Urge mwiirnce every Thursday afternoon 
enjoytlig art through eyes mid cure together 
wlole pronienading through the galleries or 
sealed comfortably in all sorts of irregular 
places. Tire brood nlnire-awr. which con- 
tinues straight up to tire Sculpture Gallery, 
Is broken half way up by a landing, from 
wliieli tire stairs turn to ibr ilglit mid left. 
At lire top uf tin kmclm and between 
them is waled tire «>ixdre»tra. On the stair* 
are plural long low benefanc. nerving ns vat* 
for the aud terree. Of couree space la left 
wide enough for n passageway t»n each 
side of tire otrhealri rooms ami galleries ate 
fillrd with eager listeners. The concert be- 
gins at three, and one who dix * not arrive 
early finds it difficult to get a sent. The 


stairs ore the popular places, and are always 
crowded from top lo bottom. To a novice 
the sight it very funny. One is not accus- 
tomed to see at a concert peo]ile sitting face 
to face or able to side, some with llreir Lacks 
In tire perfortum. and yet others undemeuth 
•them fan inevitable result from tire plan of 
the stairway t, and the effect is startling and 
ludicrous. "But IIS one become* used to the 
sight, listens to tl»* sweet strains echoing 
through the big building, aud sum the per- 
fect ense mol convenience of tire arrange- 
Until, one recognize* that Philudripbi* has 
done a good tiling There is a dramatic 
flavor to this novel c-oncert-hall wliieli can- 
nol fail to impress The greater putt of tire 
crowd are attentive listeners, hut lliere is a 
mllM element w lilcii wander* about, giving 
life to the scene ; aud there is also a flirty 
one. much to tie deplore*! under such eir 
cumsinucea ami iu a building eon arc rated to 
lire ennobling of lire mind uud imagination. 
To my outraged eyes I liave seen " I tenth oil 
tire Bah' lloree." which occupies n large spnee 
in the South Gallery, visibly shudder at ir- 
reverenl buth'rfliea ttiriing under his now 
I wliieli [ must suy IS. Mllg II Mkelelon. a 
short ami undignified oueg uud grind his 
teeth, of which he has a emispk'UoiM num- 
ber. I buve beurd ruinplaim* that IIm-m* 
concerts were excuses for many meetings 
ami flirtatious amongst tire young fry, hut 
I think tills grlevuilcr is exaggerated. As a 
rule, lire young people la-have with propriety, 
and M«fll attentive listeners to the Germania. 
The group in lire foreground of uiir illuslru 
liuu shows a fiiNhicimhle set who have strayed 
in, amt who uppenr lo In* listening politely 
to the harnianioux strains of Ihs'liioven or - 
Mozart The solemnity of their fates iudi 
cnt«* plainly that lire popular tweuly-flve-cciK 
hopplty-sklp tune Iihs not yet had it* in 
nines; therefore I say advisedly. •'listening 
puUtrtif . " I'm afraid im yet thnroiiglily good 
music at these eouerrls docs not cheer or 
iflubriale. I'rofouml *ileur» after Beethoven , 
delighted apnlaa*c after the Railroad Gul 
op. or the Titikiy Hell Balks, or lire Jig- 
gerty Jog Waltz. Tire orcheMru tactfully 
sprinkles over tire po|nilar programme chta- 
sic inii-ie, aiieli nt and linxletn. tlrerehy hop 
ing to nuse lire taste of the public gradually 
ami uneouM-imisly to tlreniselvrs. 

One of the |in>griunmes. wliieli is u fair 
sample of the kind of inutio one hears there, 
show* a iiuiicioits liU-nding of Strauss. Mi- 
xart. Ilalevy, Saial Sadis, Ih-iuei ke Bcethi - 
veil. Brahiri*. and Is uiner. As n nreans of 
eradiatting all but lire very la;*t order uf mti 
sir. I should suggest Sunday evening ooti- 
certa. Even a wia-k-day evening might an- 
swer the purpose frt a lereer degree, blit as 
most of lire real music lovers are (Sertunii*. 
many of whom are unable to lenve their oC- 
rupatioiis until laic, Sunday would Ire apt tn 
Httrart a larger audience. The govenimeut 
bus nMwt !i loyally opeiH>d tire ireaileruy on 
that day fnv of cliarji*. am! if II wimiIiI iwit 
go n step further, ami, in ■pile of "ohs!" nml 
"uhs!" establish these popular tweulv llvc- 
cont musical* on Suuday evening*. 1 firel 
sure of iL* mooes* in the end. Tire p»r rt 
Miiipir Bhlladelphlan would demur mightily 
U> this wicked nlan at first, hut finding their 
gTCKins of no effect, they would undoubtedly 
u-eognin* the wisdom of ‘Ire tiling, and even 
venture to contribute llreir presence mid 
tlreir twenty live cents to this philanthropic 
scheme. It is Die history of the world, or 
where should we la* now? A few deter- 
mined spirits Imve ruled the innate* since tbe 
year I, ami will do an until the cod of all 
things. 

A. controversy of tills sort was wagtd in 
Newport, Rhode.' Island, nrveral year* ago. 
wlren the orclwatf* came out triumphant iu 
snite of petitions miles long drawn up by 
c lergy mt'O, ex Governors, State officials, and 
other tnngnificcores. These concerts took 
place in summer in the open air galleries of 
ill*: fosliionulite Casino, mid were largely at- 
triidid by tradespeople and others wiio were 
unable to go except on Sunday. I have mu 
Iree-n aware of any deterioration of morula 
amongst them since they luive imlulged Id 
this suppoaed Siblmlii breaking. On the 
contrary. I have no doubt that just mi much 
time oerupied by iislening to lurmouioiis 
strains bos I sen so much time hmIcIksI from 
gossip, scandal, grumbling, and even perhaps 
drunkenness. Tire liuumu nice is so con- 
stituted that excitement of some sort i* no- 
ceuuirv to It. aud if it cnnmit Lie procured in 
a ml id ami innocent form, it will Ik; got at in 
an uniniiKceul way. Oue olMtarle to tlrevc 
.Sunday evenings, viz., tin ticket seller's Iims 
of hul'idiiy. would lie eakily ovctckiui' If u 
few pldlanthroidcally iociioed hnlu-s .md 
gctitienuii would *lep forwanl. ns they are 
now doing in England. «nd offer tlicir ser- 
vices for thiil evening. 

A favorite idaco with me Is ilia Sculpture 
Gallery, wliieli is Mime distance from lire 
nndMMUa and the madding and maddraiug 
eiowd The Klrains of melody are flUcraa 
by l be lime they reach tire to a soft dreamy 
tone, very pleasant to the ear All hartanct* 
and roughness are lust, aud the senses are 
-.M.ilic*l *n>1 wrapped in a languid content- 
ment superinduced by the poetry of sculti- 
lure on all -Ides. 1 have my mixals, though, 
mid at time* lire whole seem- nppearw to me 
inysterluu* and imcanny as 1 nh-i>el*t« wliat 
I 'bear with whut I see. Hr adapting the 
musk lo -omu partlrulnr bust or figure. I 
wander through -trange «ct-m-s and curious 
countries, until 1 h«c sight of my ptonaic 
pK-Pion in an American academy, scaled 
amongst modern lueu and WuIUen. il tewed in 


the heiglit— or breadth, a* the case may be— 
of fasli mu. who talk plutiliides, and eve eiu li 
other critically ns regard* tbc color of a bow 
or lire shape of a shoe lip. 

At lime* the rotuk- »hk> strikes me. arid I 
am overcome with hilarity al the apparent 
ulMHorpiUm lu *iirroniidlng’dglit% and sou mis 
of two raws of loisls which line either side 
of the wall. They are a proniiw uoiih crowd 
of all ciHiutrins arid limes, who upprar lo I*' 
totally blind in lire udvisuldlily of sorting 
tbemsi'l vcn Into appropriate group*. To take 
a ciunpreheusive view of these people in 
pintile, ami observe their varied attitudes 
and expn-s»itxi* of rigid in listen 1 enjoy merit, 
is to Is' over wlrelmua with irreverent mirth. 

As I have hinted tiefnre. Beethoven is not 
I" ‘polar with lire ucniletiiy audiem-es. Few 
Ibuen through a avraplwMiv with strict alien 
tl'io. uud iiiuiiv whi«|rered eoavcrsatiuiis are 
held One day 1 heard two old gri-sips la*. 
Ill ml me earnestly relating llreir grievances: 
" Ita you know ihai that horrid little Jimmy 
broke my new butter knife? lie must neeiis 
biltlet the cwt with it. just out uf pure I ■.III 
lies'* I'sed my best butler loo My' I ju*t 
walh.|»d bin!" I couht slnnd m> mure 
Ik'CtboVeii ami buttered rats ugnssl not . and 
though with * certain admiral ion uf Jimmy 
n* nn original ehiiruetrr. I niovtsl my sent, lo 
hear; "Now you were real menu, you bad 
thing to go gallivanting with tluvt girl y*t.. 
lerday. 1 told you before that—" Nut car- 
ing in know what that jealous young woman 
told him. 1 again left uiy *eul; aud after 
many vain attempt* lo hear the great mus- 
ter's *v mpbnny iu uuhroken quiet. 1 finally 
broiigiil up aiuuiigst mv calm friends the 
busts, and together we enjoyed it in mute 
solemnity 

I have come to the conclusion, after murh 
con lecture on tire subject, that lire rtwioa of 
Bhiladelphia* want of rapid progress Ion iu 
musical appreciation bowing to lack uf good 
uewspaper criticism. t oUi-iTts runic aud 
cuiicerl* go, and such wishy-washy stuff— 
and all incorrect— llmt is written nl**ui llicm 
i* extremely depressing We dearly love our 
dnily paper he re, and sliape our views Irrev- 
ouablv and firmly on everything, from art 
to pnfillcn, on ihe'opiniulM therein riurereed. 
To hear a frirud converse for live niHiutrs is 
to know whal |xiper Ire takes. Now. uuder 
tlreic circumstances, it may 1st wen how ue- 
cewary a cultivateil critic is. Hut we are 
uot furnish**! with this emntii'Mllly , W« 
scrape along ns Ire-t we can. finding mil for 
ooto lvc* what it 1* proper to admire- atltl 
w list we must worn, whicli pna:e*a i* slow 
aiul uncertain. Tbe musical ilepamneiit of 
our daily jotimal*. I have u strong siispieiou, 
I* Intruded to lire office boy. ulio may be n 
good nnrl useful boy. nud a hoy with a flue 
avoiWr. blit he is not, il* a Ulle. a fliuviciil be. 
iug. nr oiialifled to insirui-t us on that point 

It is tbe same with painling anil sculpture. 
Tlie annual exhibitions show to a mc««, un- 
suspicious public a cxillet-iiiju of nightmares, 
which get " worsercr ami worecrei " every 
year. Ueiaiuc pimple see them in so iuipu* 
lug a place — Imposing, indued ! — tl»*y Irelkve 
Ihrm in tie su|icrexcrlleiil. Here, again, an- 
gt«Hl crltlco wanted, although, o* regard* 
this branch of art, an occasional iiitelligrut 
notice Is given. But lire mnreca tied some- 
thing better than *|Mi*ni<Miic instructiaa, and 
until they get it lliey will eoutiiiue Iu mid- 
night darkness, groping for the grewl tiling* 
they know ought to Ire ill lltelr uikda.oiily to 
hump up forever against tire same iuurt relic 
Uiiulm. I do not mean to Kay thill there an- 
no exception*, for we can Imast of some ex- 
crlleut works. I speak of the mujurily. 
which are I md Indeed. 

Bhiladelpbia lias always been a target fur 
the urtowsof the mruretlc Joumalisi ; but let 
him look to himaelf. Tlrer*' will come a day 
when. thoroughly nwake to hersmnll failings, 
she will throw off the aalf-rrpnwaion which 
has hitherto been her bane, ami luit't into 
such a blaze of progrrmimi as will ]wil her 
sister Stab'* lo confiuiun : for when Blilla- 
dolphin does aodurtake something new she 
dries it in a superior manner. The academy 
concert stands out m evidence of philan- 
thropy ami origiimlity, and ns reactions lire 
always Inclimsl u» !«■ extreme. I sluwild not 
he snrprreed if before long she should be- 
come nutisensical and ccteutik in a croze for 
novelty. t 

Mark uiy words, there will he a fearful 
upheaval. In which I dust tbe old Thurwlny 
concert* will survive the wreck, fur “ with 
all llielr faults I love lln-m still 

Although in an artistic light I bey are not 
above criticism, they ore meritorious enough 
to las desirable Tlrey attract crowds who 
instead of |sa«siug u purposeless afieruoou 
are Imiugbl under the refining uud inipruv 
ing iultnence of art— a subtle Intluence which 
they are scarcely aware of. but which is sure to 
tell in the end. Rich men leaving large sum* 
to charity overlook reuirclv lire charity of 
music. Tlie hive of music in lire human race 
is God given. Every heart respond* to il in 
a greater nr less degree. Even tlie drunkard 
ha* his Inirt-lianslian songs, and tire little 
ragunuffio* in the street stand in delighted 
awe around the handorguu. Why. a free 
concert once a week to three pixir Wretch* * 
now living their musiclews— I can baldly say 
arllre*— lives, would be h prtcchws Ucndug 
Her how ihev throng now near the hand III 
the dark on Sunday afternoons. Thun think 
of toe addithniul enjoyment uf looking nt 
nktutva— not tuctwaariljr high winks of art. 
hut realistic reprerentalUms of daily sights. 
How much instruction could he conveyed to 
their darkened mind# by this humuniung 


process, and who know* how much native- 
talent might lie brought out from least ex- 
pected quarter*? The world thus might lie 
lire belter fur another Raphael or liauwrtt. 
It would lie in the poreibilillca. Thrrc are 
doiibtleu* long lilies of uuhuuored graves con- 
taining those wire, lacking the opportunity, 
might have l*vn ani-uig-t tlie world's great 
oiR's. Lot lax Lk.u: Etiik. 


TRAOKDIErf, 

BY RH'IIAKH K. Bl'KTUN. 

T»« kinds there are: tlw one thentiM', 
iN.ld. 

A murih-r, maybe, horrible to see 

Uvea lost by An- «r rtixsl, and bodies 
Cold 

That s(N'»k some talc of awful agony; 

Tlu- oilier, munraiiiig Dcntlt n iniidcr 

A human mail that ns the <hi>a go by 

Mink* deeper down into sonto jut' of 
aliame. 

Yet knows th*- stars shine silvcrly and 
high. 


THE BltAYTOX IVKrf 
COLLECTION. 

EvKNVltoor knoWK lhat many of the lirst 
pictures timt have liccn painted in Fuiropein 
tire past fifty years are in this eonntn uud 
we have grown aceiislnmeil in New York lu 
(HH'llig there works cbiuiging hnnds at the 
great wiles, gniug frum cm rullectUm to an 
other, uud not infrequently living taken hock 
to the countries from w'lretree they came, 
lliere to Ik put in lire state museums Our 
colleetom an- known to be Hbcnd and enter- 
prising, and it ha* rulur to U- a eoinuun. *«y- 
inc >u Baris that “everything goes to Amer- 
ica." We hare not hail much proof of this 
in other things Hum piiturr*. however, but 
now since tbe splendid collection of Mr. Bray- 
loti Ives was exhibited al tbe Americau Art 
Galleries in Twenty-Third Siren, we can »«: 
lliat some of the trensure* of tire world in 
IkioU*. manuscript *,Oricntal porcdalM. lacq- 
uer*, and arm* have been brought tide too, 
awl the ssle of Uiclll IsM week niiisl attract 
the altetilinn of umiileurs on Isttli sirle* of the 
Al lunlic. There wa* the fans 'll* copy of tbe 
GuteiilH'rg llilile, the first tsNik printed with 
types, in (wo volumes, with the original bind 
ing lr U :i splendid and iH-nulifuT U»»k and 
"niaari of great price." fur another rnpy w it* 
sohl recently in Loudon for #3S.UU0, This 
copy is almost iH-rfect, for I Io n- tire hut 
seventeen k»ve* [a fiic-sinilk' In the twu vol 
unre* of 041 leave*. And llrerr wax John F.l 
lid's Iran-! sin in of lire Bible in tile 1 lieliuu lan- 
guage, prilibsl ut < 'nmbi'Migc iu 1 tltKI. of w liieli 
there were only twenty copt c* printed like 
lllistnre, with Ibeilediculiitu to King Charie* 
It In alamlnlely |ierferi. ami has been bound 
in li-iniit nn I enehtsed tn a fine case of bluo 
Eirglhh Hi'inocco. And wind could 1« more 
lieatitifnl in the way of u Issik lliau this by 
Baethiu*. f* minmfkhrf Tbe 

Latin text and the Fleniah version aie print- 
ed in bliK'k letter, uud liicn- are illumiuated 
initial letters and pIcUtTM and border*. A 
grand work is Tht //rif-vry of rt. ./eiris* li'.tr, 
liv Flavtua Jowpiius, published iu Baris In 
1489 by A. Vcrnrd. pnnUsl nn vellum, with 
no lea* ihsiti one hundred nud forty three pic- 
ture*. nud until iter is tbe I'lrgHii O/tcrti, prmt- 
eil by V Indell tide Spire at Veulce in 1470. oue 
of tire rarest Issik* in III*- world, aial prrhnps 
second ifl im|Kirtauce in this collect ion la tire 
Gutenberg lliliii- The mumi'i np - were nil 
tneri'a* nud iM-auliful, some of the Honks of 
Hour* written on vellum by French urti*ts 
being tiie rnml delightful works of lift of 
llreir kind imaginable Tlie finest illuinl- 
nntrd mumiseripi however, iu (hi* csiilrcliun 
wiw an Eogllsli one, tire /J-vo yVs*ftrwA*rr«<e. 
written for William Herbert. Karl of Peni- 
hreke. and known a* the " PraihrokeMbeal." 
There are very few in exirtcncc anywhere 
(hill equal it. nud probably nowhere outride 
of tin- BriiUh Museum ia there u manu** ript 
of Eugiiah exetrutiuu so huportant or mi per. 
lei't or -O line 

Next in interval to lire books anil manu- 
script*. and first in artistic tawuty, wa* lire 
niaguitlc-Dl Ini of Japanese awurda. with tire 
•‘State fSwonl. ' No. 4tt». with its splendid 
tiUde three fret lour' made by Kiim tsugu, of 
the province of taudilu. in 'ifilHl. tire finest 
irinoiig them al), and lliere lire one hundred 
■uni fourteen of them Till* jNirr of the col 
lection, inehuiuig the sword guards, of which 
there arc more rlmll aeventy. Is iwrtJculurly 
fine Aiming the |Kir<s-litiu>, of <-our*e. the 

peachliiow ' him' (Xa Hi) or Um Kang 
be ere Ifitli IJ'42, is the rf..« of lire' collec- 
tion, bill mdl beautiful specimens a* the jar 
iu Mae and while f No :t!l . the v**c of ovoid 
form In blue ami white (No. 40 1. unit lire bln*- 
HUil white Mini egg shell View iNo r,|),sbnuld 
be noted. And then tlu- beautiful lurqireT*. 
Ibe must artistic little objects uf art. *tn h ns 
rmtique iHiucbes. gold omaim-nis, knife ban 
rile*, metal boxes. acid what nol.tuul a II uuirs* 
crystal latll. ’>h inches in diameter, a very rate 
specimen indeed, lliere wna n large colUf- 
lion of curved Jades, crystals, and other- hard 
stones, and a mini tier of ivory carvings, T tie: 
total number uf pieces in lire Ives collection 
ill all classes was eighteen hundred and sixty- 
three. Tire- catalogue of tire hook* and man- 
uscripts, printed by the lie Yinne Pro*-., dc 
serve* to be mentiooed for it* completcncu 
and the good style iu which it U got u(> 

William A. CorPijr. 






ttAKPKK’8 WEEKLY. 



210 


HARPER’S WEEKLY 


VOLUME XAa 


EDWARD HARRIGAN AND THE 
BAST SIDE. 

nv RICH* MU II AMID Mi DAVJK 
Tim. nr. tire * Few liundrrtl people in New 
York who do not fully a|i»|ir*clau> Mr. Har 
ri|tnn and the good* be give* Ibeui. They 
nre greatly to be pllieil. And yet it b uo 
more strange if tbi-y fail to understand Mr 
Reilly and hi* queer friend* of the east side, 
than It would !»■ if the young men mid the 
ruling women of Ureter Street should view 
Beau UrouiiiH-l from tin- gallery, and should 
dismiss him a* a "dimd." aud should eon- 
xiiler Id* refusal lo dine with a duke a* a 
rallier tame climax on which to ring down 
1 l»e curtain. They would consider Ml. llar- 
rigan's method of bringing the act to a close 
with a "MWapT in wbirh every one tries to 
roll over every one ebc ns a much more nalu 
ml a ml human aituatkiu. And Just mb they 
would fail to understand Mr. Clyde Filch » 
m«l, tliut the young men of fashion -qiciid 
their time between London ami Part* " at 
Calais." so would the Few lliiiulred fail lo 
see why the gallery should laugh when Mr. 
Harrigan Iuijktc Roundsman M until muv nev- 
er have a Boulevard lent It »* Hi- ir min- 
fortune, not the fault of Mr. Fitrh or Mr. 
Hanrlgmi. Thine who go to llarrlipin'a only 
lo lie 'amused lail lr* get the full value of 
their money, for Mr. ilarrigan 1ms been for 
tbe la<t fifto.it year* lining ranrcllun *ini|>ly 
amusing | -|*ic ; he has been re nrudu c-lug 
ami deTinealing New York, -i that New 
Yorkers can cunie and look lit themselves 
arid their flats and lle-il rh-vated road* und 
tbeir shop* and llieir tenements. He lia* 
done what uiheis have trieil to do with pens 
and pencils, but be has not done it in an ue- 
meioiui magazine article, or u -ale tv novel 
or a sketch in hlark ami white in an illus- 
trated paper, hut with live men aixt wutneu. 
talking a* the men and wonu-n bn studio* 
talk, and doing the Humorous or paihutk- nr 
coflimonphux? things he *ee* them do in the 
market* and <w the stoop* aud »l the street 
corner* 

The story of New York, with all its won- 
derful variety of life nnd ugly plcturoaqoe- 
ni»s, ha* perhaps yet lo be bull by the writer; 
nml such art tats a* those who allow Furls and 
London, und who can distinguish with a fen- 
stroke* of tbe pencil the coeicimotigt-r from 
live longshoreman, ami iln- Whitechapel tough 
from tbu "docker," have yet to lake New 
York seriously Tlx-y would rather draw 
the Kus-iian Jew in Siberia than in Baxter 
street, or tbu Aiigluiimniuc tu-linm pluic of 
tlte Avenue than the smooth shaven, short- 
haired Whyo of Cherry Hill. Mr \V. D. How 
eil* amt Mr Charles Dudley Warner have 
shown us tbu life of tile respectability of the 
crone street* ami the west mil. Mr H C Run- 
ner the F reach quart it aiound Washington 
Square, Mrs. Bunoo lli.m-m Ira* told us of 
the Few Hundred, ami Mr. Bhkdr Hall lm» 
drawn tbe clubman »m£ the rounder uml the 
life of the cafes. And Kdwnnl Harrigan Ijms 
become the prophet of live east side, aud has 
made it live and btvuthe and tuik and light. 
He may nut be the great American play- 
wright. tail he lias drawn the lower halt and 
the iirouder life of New York more liuly mid 
more dramatically than any one clue has ever 
done it or is likely to His play* will mil 
lire; they are not meant to. They nre writ- 
ten year by year und grow old and out of 
date ns quickly »* tin lushimi* and tlx- cur- 
rent slang. Hut w hile they live they art- the 
mirror or the unit*. Tim shouting dubs 
with their target*, of which the Jvnffinwa 
Girard* were u copy, gave way to the halva, 
tion Army, whieh scoured the streets iu the 
days of Jfr.Svrtcjr'a Inflation, and llrese and 
tlir shall lies- d .N/ior/r-z-.S-wivijnry have liero 
followed by lit*- dances ui Casey'* Hull, and 
the lineman with hi* deadly electric wins, 
which bring* the story iu HtHlii and the 
400 unpkw-nutly up to dale. Tlte shoot- 
ing club* have airapprnxcd; we have dam- 
cbowder clubs now with member* who ride 
on Tally-lios in high white hat*, (be Hal- 
vatiuuisls have ceust-l lo liaunl the street i. 
ami the goal* and the shanties have lictn 
driven mirth before the mlvaucu of Ure let. 
story apartment house and the janitor. All 
things change iu New York, and liarrigau's 

S ayacbunge with them They are oret-nUnl- 
fin de tu,\-U, und follow the evolutions 
from day lo day with tbu Aridity of a report 
rr urn snapshot ittinent. Other iniuiagcrs 
have imported tln-lr melodrama from Lon 
don. liinr corned ic* from I’ari*. amt force 
from tierliu. but Mr. llsrrirou bua liikeu bis 
material from around shout him, nnd hi* 
cast of churaeterH on tlic programme rends 
like a teli-i-uon front the nouns in the New 
York directory. 

He began fifteen yearn ago, and in that 
time lie bo* shown us every jilaUM- of life >m 
the coat side ami in the living heart of the 
city, and he has alwuy* ahown it well, 
Soim-tlim* it t* the Washington Market on 
Saturday night, with the hnieher* iu tln-ir 
white apron*. nml the during kensjete lani|«*. 
nnd the moving crowd* of working-pfojdu 
bargaining before the Mall* for their Sunday 
dinner; m the IihIihii rag-picker* ami "turn 
mcra"of tbe mini srviw* duuciug under tbe 
dump* at tlte font of Rlvlugton 5»tivvt;..r tire 
mlorcd |veopie of Duikest Sew York. ii» Mr. 
Miurrigan cull* the Eighth Wald, giving a 
hull to their pet luililiu company, "Uie Skid- 
more Guard'"; or live Irl-U- wnerican* going 
up the North River on a Marin excursion 
boat for a picnic . or live 1'idiMi .lew* of liax 
ter Slrvvt haggling in front of tin.- second- 


hand clothing stores, and importuning tlic 
stranger from New Jersey; or ft U a night in 
the Willow Garden, with tin- gsnildei* mid 
iporilns men of tire winter truck*, arid the 
women of their das*, and the panic dial fol 
low* when the sergeant Mows Ills whistle 
and the place is “ pulled ” l>y the police. 

Whatever part of the east aide he select*, 
or whichever one of the many foreign rnrvs 
be dr»»», Mr Harripiii'j tourfi i* always true 
and sure. To those who never go below 
Fourteenth Street or east of Madison Avenue, 
he must often seem exaggnrated . but that is 
due to their inexperience, not because Mr. 
Hiirrlgan i;** failed to rrad human nature 
correctly. If one doubi* that an Irish laborer 
would want to kill Ids foreman because that 
rrritli-man placed him ou the pay-roll ns an 
Italian, one must remember that ft was only 
six month* ago that two lri*h Isiy* tried to 
Mow up the -i alue of Garibaldi in Washing 
ton Square simply because some one hud 
(old Ui- in that Garibaldi wan a "dago. A* 
a historian of ilie war of the races, Mr. llnr- 
rlguu makes uo mistakes. And this same 
inexperience r-ausr* tlic spectator from up- 
town to mim many of Harrigan * best point*. 
And he has to remember, for instance, Urn 
colored man'* failing fivr policy to join in 
tiic laugh from tho gallery when Sul valor 
Magnus Miys he has "no use far reudin' or 
wnilit', but he's terrible keen at numbers"; 
and he must know that the spurting gentle, 
man who I* always going to JuTw-y Oily "i«r 
sec a fight'' ap[ienls sympathetically to a 
large clns* who believe that that city 1* ouly 
tolerated on the map as a place for ' ' go*. ' 
Aud be must also he u genuine New- Yorker 
to enjoy the fact that Sir William and body 
Isabelle "are ileUlucd iu tile lower hoy by 
(of." 

The lieid inMaiM-e of Mr. Hurriguu'n ride-lily 
in ahowlag the lower life of the city that he 
ha* given u* for some time is the scene in 
li'tllg'tud (At 400. when lie prcM-uD the dunce 
ut f asry a Hull. 

Every character on lii this scene, ullbougli 
there is not a dorcQ lino among as ninny of 
them, is a careful, striking study. The Ale- 
man who Ium slipped iu front the engine 
house on Oak Street, tbe sailor "on leave” 
from the Bivuklyt) Nary-yard; the recruit- 
ing sergeant from the or lice at New t.'liam 
U-isStre* t aud Farit Row; the genial drunk- 
en man wiLli a GuLlenliurg nice truck ticket 
dangliur from hl» liuUonliole; the " Cham- 
pion light- weight of Cherry Hill, with a record 
of two knockouts and a drower." who t* 
iMiliicd hy hi* sister; sod lanuia Pollock * 
Maggie Murphy, w ho works iu a paper-box 
factory, and pays her motlicr » room lent iu 
Ikinovau's Flat*, and »liu "doesn't lake 
chiiU timing with boy* iu tire- hallways." 
but who bus Ricluni Morun.lbe roumlsmaii. 
for "steady ' — they are ju>i tlic pc>>pl« win. 
would go' to a dams- Ml Casey's Hall, and 
they act just aa they would act when they 
reached tin-re. 

It is ouly when Mr HiUiigan Kiev to pre- 
sent tin- Four Hundred Uml he shows tu.sti-.ud 
how- far the east i* from Iho Wist, and fails. 
He would do well to leave all that lo Mr. 
Palmer and Mr. Daly, aud keep to the east 
side, where lie knows every *troet corner aud 
every new catchword, and where he ia tbc 
UMsler. 

It is only a* a delineator of New York 
that Mr. iiiirrigau is eo laddered hire, awl it 
U not nnvsMtry to any ln.w good a coiix-dUn 
he is or how aide a stage manage! lie nut 
only pUys the purl Ire- li»* set dowu for him- 
self naturally mid with delightful cure- aud 
humor, but in) draw* as nearly good results 
from every lueniln-r of hi* com|siny. Knell 
nw-mher of Mr. Harrigan * company play* 
many parts, and versatility must lie hi* or 
her ntreuig puiul. The youth wkiu istwns hid 
overcoat la the first act of lltiUy urul the 
400 graduate* into an Euglidl couchtiuiti 
before the curtain full* on it, nml cluinge* to 
u colored sailor in the secund, and beoODiea a 
rneintn'r of the Four lluudn-d in the third. 
This is tlwr rule wills the rniuor (.eople, but 
there are two or three others who an; each 
associated with hut urn- character, which, 
whether under the name of Mrs Mulligan or 
Mr*. Dooley or I.uikmullcr or rimcll/., or 
fsil valor Magnus oi tile " Cap't ' of thobkhl- 
more Guards, has been and will always U; 
very deur lo all true New Yorkers We real- 
ly could not get along without Mis. Yeo- 
man*. We could never teplai-e Iter coquet 
ry or her brogue or Ire-r rod w ig. nnd her 
iutdifui wiggle aud shiver of plcusure when 
she is told how beautiful slit- ks, Min- makes 
such nn excellent foil to li.trriguu with her 
excited, bustling guirulousiM-ss. the oppisotc 
at every fount to die suit's culm, cosy coofi 
di-oces. 

And Jolin Wild, whom it i» very hard lo 
Ik-Ih-tc lias really a* white a face n- Ilia 
portrait show*, we could mu very well do 
wills nit him. There is no erne else who 
combines hi* gallant 'iiscCptIWIity to wo 
li.un, uml hi* disregard lor the uwiw-rship of 
lulls and overcoats, and who can show such 
shocked Mirprisu when some other gentle, 
limn s tsAil* are fuuod upon hi* feel ; and w Hli 
vritui phihwophii.- ctiDlctit lie aexs-pts ami ex- 
cuses the fact 11 m I ' u man * got lo keep 
a-lylng to live two live- ’ Thoi- two. and 
Hurry Fisher, George Merrill. Dun Burke, 
and several other*, have boon with Mr, liar 
rigxn long enough to make them |nrt uf each 
ot Ids luccesM-.*. ami it I* to he hofasl they 
will cunliaiM: to shun; in those to foiluw. 
Rut (he hit of the present play wo* not 
made by any one of tboso old favorite* to 
whom vie look for llial, but by a utw-cotuor, 


Misa Ada lu-wb. the young girl who woko 
on the mornllf after the first night of lUitlg 
ami tke 400 lo roil the paper* and find her- 
self famous. She play* Kiltie Lynch, hut 
nobody know* that, for it is as ” iln- tough 
girl ' that eh..- is recugniw-d, and as the 
tough girl that *hc will f*- remembered A 
*ucc»-«i in this small "hit” is all tlic more 
remarkable, because tire part consist* of 
only some fifteen lines crowded into Avc 
minute* of the Drat act. Rut with these few 
line* and her make up and IreT dancing and 
pantomime throughout the rest of the iiUy. 
Mi« Lewie has created a part asentenalolBg 
as Jenny Hill's 'Airier, and a* pitiicsislv true 
to life a* Mr. Bicbaid Mandlclds Baron 
CheVrial. 

The girl of Cherry Street aud the police 
courts who emulates the slang and walk of 
her • feller.” luis never been shown m> vivid 
Jy on tlic stage, if it hits ever Ih-po utirmpipd. 
it* MmL«« is does It And yet tbe part i* not 
repulsive, hut ratbri decidedly humorou*. and 
tliixs’ who have recognized the luiigli girl in 
Hie Inst act among the Four Himdrtc will 
imt be *urj>ii»ed lo see from her portrait tluit 
she is dininclly pretty, 

Now tluit Mr llurrigiiu has his ciwn com- 
pany around him nguUc with their ideas uf 
"starring" satisfied for tire lime being at 
h-Afct. ami his new theatre, mid a new play «*i 
ami one promUed, there is no reason why he 
should nut move more smoothly than ever 
before- over lire mud of success, nnd vmles* 
be wander* from the eaat side to lire "sweet 
shady side "of lire A venire, there i* no reason 
why be should uot stay there. But be should 
always kc-p iu mind that for him the road of 
sucxxws lies along ur very near lire Bowery. 


THE UNION OF SIXTH AVENUE 
AND BROADWAY. 

BY DAVID U It Alt AM PHILLIPa 

Tiikiik are tall hnildings to tire east— toll 
dean buildings ltiut smile in the sunlight, 
and even manage to look cheerful when it 
rains. Them are lower buiidiug* to tire 
west — lower and gloomier, and alwsy s shad- 
owed by the elevated track* On all sides 
are- the si reels and sidewalks, never really 
t Iran, and generally disgracefully dirty. 
But nut so dirty to lire eaat us to the west. 
For aginti the elevated track* interfere, and 
make dark sliudo ws. and almost sarin to breed 
swamp like exlialnlion* iu rainy weather. 

In lire midst is this one little spot of green, 
this mangle of tire country in tbu muist of 
the city It is surrounded by nn iron fence. 
The apex points to Ure north, ami the sweep- 
ing < arrent- of the two great thoroughfare* 
that i ii.«s there *ut-m to split mid whin itlsnil 
it liroudwuy hound* it on the wet, Sixth 
Avenue on the cast, and Thirty-third blivet 
cuts off it* northernmost end. It mviiin ns 
though it might have been larger, much far 
jCCr. at one lime, nnd that as the rily grew the 
gra** plot shrunk, cut now- on Hfi- *ule. now 
on thiiLuntil only there few fed. Urge enough 
for a grave or so. were left. A blunted ami 
unhappy cedar stands iu one comer, two or 
three hiishra are scattered ulniut, and a Hue 
of feeble tree* guards the Brow] way stdu. 
It is not much of a place, and yet if you 
look at It from the loftinew* of uli elevated 
train, ret- it nestied among tlic tall buildings, 
und surrounded by the mud of Broadway on 
the olio side, ami the morass of Sixth Avenue 
ou tlie oilier , It will strike you strangely. It 
is so small, so useless, and yet so pleasant to 
look upon! It might indeed tic a grave. It 
1* so Itkc a lutdi Id the crash and roar or the 
grant highways ou either side. If you lean 
over lire fence almost any day wheu the 
ground t* not covered w tUi toow, you will de- 
lect the faint fre-sh odor of fertile aud pro- 
ducing soil that makes tire whole charm of a 
cou ittry breeze ou a spring day. Fur the grata 
Is always gixt-u there; straggling and dis- 
couraged in w inter, livelier in summer, hut 
always gre-co. 

Tliut (core is a good place fur a man to 
l«tu against when be warn* to observe a great 
eity under full swing For though Broadway, 
tbe metropolitan, the world-embracing, cross 
es many streets in iu curving, it passe* none 
jo unique us Sixth Avenue. There is u oet- 
tain dlngintwa about Sixth Avenue that it 
never shakes ulT ia itn whole course. It is 
to Ure west side wluu Third Avenue is to 
tire east aide. It ntnnds at the edge of a de- 
scent iu tire suclaJ scale. Broadmiv is for 
tire whole city. Fifth Avenue for tire rich- 
Fourth Avenue nnd the utbera between fur 
iImi mod*-raU‘ly well off. ox that is taken in 
New York. Third and Sixth avenues are 
for the gradation* front this. Tlic people of 
the streets lo the tear use these avenues for 
their jduasure ground— for promenading, for 
llieir sliojiping when they have more UMNiey 
to spend Ilian usual. But Sixth Avenue re- 
gard* itrelf as nrUlocrntic ln-side Third A Te- 
mur Third Avenue does nut think much 
alsait it, aiul doc* not know much about 
Sixth Avenue. 

So w I ten Sixth Avenue rushes ikkim Broad 
way. it i* u curious meeting, mid tbe cburui 
ter of each is somewhat c-hauged. This grass- 
plot at Tbirtv-thinl Stn-i-i U Uie place for oh- 
K-rvntion therefore, slid the time is tbe hour 
of dink ness, when almost any city street lisik* 
belter, an any arlillciul thing look* belter in* 
an artificial light. If it is a rainy night. *o 
much the belter, if you yourself are guarded 
ugam*i tbe weather. Tin* lttllogra*« plot will 
then be almost hidden in the unrknu-s. cov 
•red by the deep shadow- of the elevated 
tracks. The rain is failing, as it dues some- 


times in New York, with a mournful, dri? 
zling persistence that suggests an elertul 
downpour. Up and down Urtiudway yon ti- 
the electric lighu lisidi ing and gk-ainiug, cadi 
with a luminous mist aUiut it. Unilirelii 
t tearing «-rowd* ant moving rapidly -in aad 
out of tire restaurants, theatre nurd, umuM.- 
merit bent In the street* are the colored 
Ixinits the cant, the yellow eye* of rar- 
ringt-N : and u*t the tiockerl and spirileri horw* 
pas* you see fainlly through tbu rain-dashed 
windows women in handsome evening brav- 
cry. Their eye* shim- .ait from gauze like 
hcad-coveriiics. There is something surpa-. 
singly attractive atstiii the sight of a woman 
In evening dress iu a closed carriage no \ 
dreary rainy night 

This scene of light is pirrrod just in from 
of you by tin? dark line of the elevated tracks 
and supports, plunging from its gloom nn 
1 1**- on.- side ium li* shadow- on Unt olber. 
auil lire building* and sidewalks of Sixth 
Avenue sectn to laku their color from it. a 
train rualirs along, a thing of life aud light 
m mid-air; a great burst of whitn tmuke 
whirl* downward; two ml eyes thru keep 
watch OH the track behind grow dim in lire 
rain and the mist. There I* a .huh of cinder* 
mixed with lire rain, amt a stifling breath of 
anthmeiti; gaa 

There lire call* on either *iilu of your oaais. 
This rainy night the horse# dnxip niire-rahly 
under llieir oil doth novel*; tbu rnbintnk-nn 
against the fcooe. and chat together Tliev 
smoke sliort pi |res, wbirh nre shielded hr the 
runs of their Water proof huts; they draff tire 
girl* w ho juts* by alone . nod forcibly e ui rest 
half- Intoxicated tnun.who roll alocig unrniiid- 
ful of the rain or of might else- melancholy. 
Out of Ure side streets into Sixth Avenue 
front thi* udghlmrlKHid conre all sort* of 
strange, inleresling people That grvwt ml- 
nority of mm and women who are trying to 
ni.-udy their hark* on the uncurtain m-u of 
adventure 

Here live diofus girl* and m-coml rate nc 
Uv'-i'-ai.il "about town "people of all kinds- 
Thry | sis* and repos* your grass plot, aotne 
times straying into Broadway, but keeping, 
for Ure luoai part, to tbeir dingy avenue. 
There girls have short curly hair generally, 
and bright, keen eyes, and ready tongues. 
They range all the way in both” directions 
from doulilful reaper-lability. Urey arc self- 
reliant and man like in nrai.y ways; they 
havo lexruttl not to be bashful in usking 
things of an inattentive world. To he rid of 
the shop or the fiu-lorr. and to live in their 
own fiat i* tlicir dream; hiss of you Ui and 
poverty is their horror Somciimcw they 
realize tho dream: the horror they never 
mi-*. Bui some of them manage to* stave it 
off a goral while. They are always laugh 
ing loudly, guy ly. in the slrvets; the amlle* 
never leave thulr faces, uud their ruuka nev- 
er decrease. 

Then her.- on- the men who prowl on Sixth 
Avenue, a fieri ing .» rcrlaiu divap and Imi- 
tated style They live uo DIM- kurov* exact- 
ly how; they haunt >ixUi Avenue saloon* 
and restaurnut*. and spend u good <lcal of 
money. Tire Hixlh Avunm- girls get rm well 
with them, and udutlre them inlcnrely. Ymi 
who ure in«p<-rtahle nml well-nreaniuK, and 
cnluin of the Msurec of your daily bread, 
would not stand a chan..*- heaklc them. They 
loo have diamonds mnl I letter cli-ilc-. unit a 
lucky <lay at tke winter race tracks i* tlicir 
ambition 

If you Huger at this corner until the lighu 
of Broadway grow dimmer ax Ike tln-n Ire- 
crowd* depart, until the elevatr*! lin.-ks grow 
gloi>mit!T with ices relief from lilt light of 
l<us*iug trains, until the rah drivers rot real 
to Urelr rob* for a Utile sleep, you will still 
not be alone in Ure rain One man will re 
null). You have seen him there und else- 
where He i* the man who watches all trig lit. 
who -lurid* iu the corner or under III* pro- 
jection of a door frame, who 'lands and 
stands and nothing more. His bands arc nl 
way* in Ids p«ckpt>. «ud bis body moves but 
lo shift it# weight from one leg to the other. 
Ail night long tic 'lauds slier. i. solitary, nnd 
impassive. You have seen him on timuy 
corners, in many cities, at nil hours of the 
night. But m-itlrer you nor any cure else 
lia* yet found out wlijr Ire stand* and guzt-s 
out over lire silent »irra4s. The p<ollccni.-in 
doe* uot know wlrat he i« waiting for He 
is the homeless watcher in this groat city 
not of huinr- iu Uo- shier city i* iwlli-rl . Inji 
of first floor fronts. He lias not even a fl»t 
flour front 


MARSHALL FIELD. 

I’kohahuv Dine person* nut of ten ia C'hi 
csgo suit Uie Northwest, if asked 1 lio -vv .. - 
the most di*liiigui*lusl figure in commerce! in 
tlrai imporiant section of the country, wrauhl. 
without lmiuiiion. niply, " Mat*lia*ll Kb- M 
Hi- promincni-e then- b even greuter tlran 
w«» that of A T, Stewart in the mcirotMtiiv 
and the Eust twenty live vewra ago. Tin.-.,- 
interested in curia l u kradiug branches of 
trade iu the city by the lake might suggrr--; 
one or two parallels. hut a* the character ..r 
.Mr. Field’s business, aside from its vrdun; 
brings him with greater frequency to tl.< 
miud of the grurral retail merchant an*l of 
tbe public at large, especially noiunnkiii.l 
lii* pre-eminence iu the rospev-l noted may U 
considered safely established. 

Tire wumirrful growth of Ure NnnliWcst 
wlihiu tbe last thirty or forty year# prasrent^d 
at CJticngo mi sipporlunity for a rapid an - 
extended development <>( unde *uch us t i ... 
world has never before known, and periiap. 


211 


siae^. 


HARPKR'S WEEKLY. 


wUl n«*i»- With n water 

barrii' r V- Uln * u ‘ r ' • hundred mil** to the 
north 'll I twiitiaqfly Iff ea»t am] 

wr>i rniliwi*. Ure young city tool tin: key 
to the U™ tmuspurnidoii uf m'.-rrbuiidi#e to 

a >Mt urea of nutreor lev* fertile and life bus- 
reining territory iliat wo r-m.iiolly tiring 
filled with n productive pufMllutlOO. wlijcu 
scetmd In mlviuu-i with etreli decennial 
»ii» by gigaaiii 1 lcn|is. The iin-n who**- fore 
sight. tnpncity. ami readiiw** u> appreciate 
tbf> situation enabled theta to proja-rly keep 
pan- with and *upply tho mercantile waul* 
of tills repeatedly doubting community reap 
ed rich rewards. Foremost aniuDg lliem wo* 
ili« aubjwt of tills sketch. Ilw surma did 
not coma frran Umi ulwrncc of coin pel i Ion. 
They wen* simwwii enough. Inn in him die 
nun nnd the nnctL-riiMi notably met. 

Marshall Field wa* lmr« hi Conway. Mos- 
Mthlisrli*, fifty -wilt Jim ago, nnd cubic f min 
pood Puritan Mooli. III-. American attcostry 
date* back to about KUttX II in father was u 
farmer, anil I lie noli led tbe life of n Men 
England country boy. receiving u common- 
Mlhnol mid academy eduenllun, nnd partaking 
generally of Unit etas* of rarly experience* 
(lull have la-en especially prolific ill produ- 
cing Mitrowful men. Ai the age of srvetv- 
teen l;r Went in Pittsfield. in Ills unlive Male, 
nnd look 111 * Ural sn-p in the life of a met- 
I'bnel. He servrd there us clerk in a dry. 
goods enabltoboieol fur four year*. amt mani- 
fesled mi npluena in hi* cbnoen calling that 
doubt lew {.'ratifying to Ida ctnpkiycre. 


lb it III* 


M‘brel I 


lid ' 


of that • pent up l' I tea." nnd to January, 
lt-'ift, lie migrated to t'inengo. which then 
Ireld forth not a little promise of it* future 
great nee* Entering Into the employ r.f Coo- 
ley. Wadsworth, &('o . dry- graid.-i merchant*, 
on South Water Street. Iii» service* proved 
valuable enough to insure luni. in 1WW, four 
jmru afterward, u membership in (tic firtil, 
which tM>wi became known a* Coolry. Far- 
well, A Co., anil Later, as FMWell. Field. j£ 
Co. TliW partnership being subsequently 
dissolved, Mr. Field, in 1869, with Pbller 
Palmer end L. Z. Loiter, formed the firm of 
Field. Palmer. A loiter. Mr. Palmer dropped 
out in 1S67. and the already lininenw- and 
growing affair* of the horns Were conducted 
for foiirtreii yearn, uulil IWti. nniler the home 
of Field. l.ieler.&Co. Then Mr. Field bought 
not Mr. litter* interest, and the presold Ulle 
of Marshall Field & Co, was adopted. Them 
arc M-v.-nd peraona poawwjug minor Inter- 
eel*, llw- principal of whom ia If N. Iligtin- 
boilMin. who ha* charge of the crt-dil*. The 
partner* *pokeil of above who have retinal 
all left with very full pocket* This wu 
mnspicuou-ly the case with Pot in Painter 
and L. Z. lA-lter; and recently Mr. Field* 
brother. Ilenry. who was also a retired mem- 
ber. died leaving an estate reported to lor 
Worth two million dollars. 

In 1811. or Just la-fore tbe great fire, the 
Mk« of Flehf loiter, A Ca amuuDled lo 
about gs.tanr taxi a year; those of Marshall 
Field Jt Co BOW reach the enormous sum of 
tAVlHNi.tKid. Wbi-n llicdiMibn.'i that laid the 

rom men ial part of Chicago ill n*br* occurred, 
the entire hunorM of live firm wax carried 
on ia n single large Ixiihling at the owner of 
State and Wiuihiiigtou streets, and tlm value 
of it* property destroyed wn* 8S,9M>,tiOO, 
on wliicfi the owner* saei-tednl In ctdltvilng 
1^,900.000 insurance Tempr^ary quarter* 
were almost immediately secured in the iarj:- 
Mivet cur alablea oo the corner of Slate nnd 
Twentieth Mrceta. and were quickly flllttl 
with both good* and customer*. The de- 
stroyed edifice 00 State and Washington W»- 
repisoed by « Hue and llMHMmffily well 
planned dcw structure, which wu thereafter 
devoted escltiairely to tbe retail trade, while 
a very lurge building w«* rrectud at SfadlsMi 
and Market Mnet* for the aeii>mmodatii>n 
of the whoiesale department. Thu* the fire, 
instead of crippling or disauuragllig tbe firm 
in any way. seemed 10 have tbe effect of 
doubling Us confidence s* well ns its capa- 
city !u lhlT Marshall Field A Co, moved 
their wholesale laisi ness into it* preneut abode. 
Inult cjprresly for it. on Adams Street. This 
i> a muasire s’tooe oillfice n«:upjing a wlnde 
Idock It I* on ornament to Chicago, and 
is considered by many the lwst mode] of 
commercial arebitneture eitunt. Plain, 
though iniposinr. It conveys llu- tinjirwalou 
of Mreairtli, ‘•llinity, and fine proporth‘t». 

Tire individual who can direct the rise of 
and hold III Intelligent control a bd*ln«a* of 
|a5.brtM»'*1 a year, reaching from Iwyond the 
Alp* tc-theotlrer »Ulc of the Hockv Mounlaius 
— fuT It Involves brooch Itousc* tn Kngland. 
Fra Oi a:, nud Germany — mint WMM. aside 
from nret Calti ile fortnight and sagacity, re 
markable powers *»f organ bnOlolt. and of 
Indcinu the men tliiuugli wln-m he muB» 
BCCteWlljr act. The** quaJith 




lie • 


Field 


with masterly mtei's. an army in constant 
active service, and did he wear a sword the 
world would la- quick to call him great. 
4 llu.- who can thu* niar-lml the growing 
forces nod resources of civilisation a* liny 
an devtilo|sts[, nnd •(*•' tlx-ui jirc-nquly In Ids 
service, lump iii>mi*l in the Hue of hi* opera- 
tions with Liu- demands of a riqisllv inciciis- 
in c population tbrougtnmi u yat* region, po* 
rs i|imUtie« of iiiIimI 


differ' 'til 

foiclli"«t stiitesmun aiul > 
pitlh* of peace aw> pn-dm 




ml a 


of Dm- 
iImj 


e wbu. Watvilig tire ntatler of poseihk 


•liffrrr-nces in r nergy and boon*, srek in Mr. 
Field a career for the rule* of aiMx vwt with a 
vie iv to pli.'filllig thereby, will find tlu-ra sim- 
ple and od the loirs of mt-ll true! sad old-time 
mu vim*. There is not an employe in hi* os- 
latilishmenls who due* Dot iinilerMuud that 
iKwiesty is tbe {"‘Hey that must be strictly 
adhen-d to. TUeni must be no intirepre- 
seatitiiim of goods, nud prominea must bn 
carefully kept. Shorter credit* arc given 
than is tlie prartiee in Diosl Iiunines* house*, 
and purchases b»th at home and abroad are 
made for cosh . Tire od rauUge* so aerruing 
are shared with customers, who are thus at- 
tracted umi n-tuined In tire inter mil nuo- 
ag<‘lneut of tbe busiaesn tbe fidelity or sub- 
ordinate* i* promoted by the knowledge that 
qo'sl sc-Tvicr means nilvniicrlDunl as uppor- 
tuntty open*, and that no other kind will he 
lolcrati'ii. Fuitbfuliua* i» further enhnnml 
by the interest lakro by tile enij.loye/ lu the 
pr-rwinul welfare of tire deserving. Tbi* in 
lepcnttdly tDHiiifeiitcil in various way*— nota- 
bly on occulnB* of nir kiicM. Tire nault is 
a tnxlv of willing eui|d»yes, and one luau 
that lalhitu am nmoiv Is worth two nr more 
that bare to lie prodded The coDditluDs 
Hut have produced for a single Irouoe a trade 
of the volume mcntintMxl and colistulitly en 
larging may nut be exhaustively stated iu 
lire' above, out they are nubstaniially as net 
forth. 

Mr. Field Is slightly above tire medium 
height, is somewhat spare- in figure, and baa 
a refined arnd inrelllgr-Dt cijuritenaiifv. Ills 
hair and miistncbr are white, and iiis appear- 
ance la decidedly prcpOMM-o-Ing. He wa* 
miirriml in t«6!t to Mian Man me |tc«U. dmigh- 
ler of Kuliert Scull, a {yroiniiienl iron lonoter 
of Ironton, Ohio, and Umn two children, a son 
and daughter, holh married. In hi* political 
views, thrum h he take* Do mmked part ill 
public aflsire, he i* c*sciiliaHy a mug- 
wump, HI* own husineas exptirlM'ce I" cal- 
culated to strengthen Iiis approrui of civil 
M rvke reform |wim Iptcs. a* well a* lo lend 
him to favor a change in tire tariff law* lie 
U a It i inn in his religion" predilec- 

tions but i* not a rommunirwnt. KMimatcs 
ae lo tbe sin: of very great fortunes are neat- 


ly nlwavs largely gvieo* wnvk. hnt it ia of in- 
terest to ku»w 111 St close friend" of air. 
Field phuv- hi* wealth ut {.itM'iit at nhuut 
llis investments cover a wide 
variety of property. A very cofigldarabio 
|Mirlioii of them are iu real estate. He ia 
al*i» Interested lu a tiuiufwi of llw large rail- 
ways of the country, nud him valuable siore* 
of Mocka and bond". 

A particularly itotk'Cnblg trait of Mr Field * 

chaniclcr is miMbMv. lie is of a retiring dis- 
position. and "brink* from trew>pu]>er m-ire 
rielv. Anything like I Oli ntiiliuu ID cbsritv be 
Mudlously avoid-. Thuugh lie- c-mril uUe 
fieelr to wot thy ul>j<cl>. hr has pioDimuced 
view* lu the inutlcr of giving, soil Is caref'il 
not tn add to lire indUcriminiur benevolence 
that often does mure barui Ilian good. Ilia 
de>ir« I* to avoid any reepMelbiUty for blunt- 
ing endeavor or for cnroiiniging idteacas. 
He »~»i«r* in practically all the >*>t ii mead aide 
movemcul* of a publii i-hnnu.lrr in Iiis city 
requiring fund*. A* instances, he recently 
gave a plot of ground worth (loO.OtlU for lire 
tjulldibgof the llapiist uimcrsliy alenil tu be 
instituted in t'birago, with thr ini purl snl nlil 
or Mr. Hotkefelier. To the Manual Tialuoig 
Scliool of the snnre city Ire gave Hi* 

lint of {wraonal beuellclaMe* Is vet > Urge, and 
no one who !>** any kind »f real cUtm ujmn 
him is disregarded. Tim extent of w hat lie 
doraia tbUreswct tire world, doubt less, will 
never know. It is Dot lii* practice to figure 
conspicuously at the head uf fiitbecrlptloit 
paper*, nr to be perenually nouapieiioiis any- 
white, hut his gifts of nil kinds in the nmrt-c 
of a year amount to a large aggregate, H« 
is u member of most of the priucipnl rlulw, 
lull cannot Ire called a club-man Thought- 
ful mid perhaps snnuiwhnt reserved in man- 
ner. Ire Ih kindly, geuia). and entirely up- 
n(narhab)e, and there is nothing about him to 
Indicate that hi* jrerwj utility I" at all afT'Ch*! 
by. Ills extraordinary wculth — a wealth albeit 
coming mainly from oyslenMit ic. long-con- 
tinned, lrgilimatr twisineio- nretltods, and not 
through tbe i-.tercbe of the an of making 
something out nf nothing by tire watering of 
•lock* and the juggling with uccuriliew. 



THK UNITED SERVICE CLUB. 


Ax event of no llttlo Importance lo army 
and navy nfilcriw wasthrlrreukiDgof grouiid 
for a new L'uited Hervlc* Chib Imwisc in 
Washingtun. I« mark* mi era of progrv** lo 
the growth of l hi* club, and tire appropriate 
lime to w.-t forth tbe purpime and uecewdty 
of its Mistenee. 

There I* always * Urge gathering of army 
and nnvy ulficcni ill Wositluglon. Many are 
for several years on duty at the seal of gov- 
e ni metal: many are there for n few days «r 
weeks receiving oriter* to distant point*: 
While vltll others, hitring completed tlreir 
year* of active service, are scttletl there to 
enjoy the Im’.uiKt- of their live* an chute soil 
interested olarerrer* of I late following tn 
their ImUlMM. To ail of lltcsc ttonrelblug 
more than tbe usual gentleman* dub is al- 
most a neretwiiv Were this not m> Ibu 
Unucd S-rvUc Club wixuld never bnvc ex- 
isted . for ilw- older offlocre mm seek the dig . 
nified luxury of the MHr-qailliso. and the 
younger, the {iii"tilue* of the Mrridati or of 
the Columbia Athletic, while to thu*e of 
si is-uiili, iacibutlloB, lire doors of lire Cna. 
irn.o nre hospitably open, lu all of these an 
army or u navy "files r will find (smgcnial 
frii ml* umi giaid cheer, with all lire material 
I. in-lit* i f dub life, l»u lie lived* u some- 
thing Uglier. * MMiu-tliiug txvuliur tu hi* 
training mid mudr ol life, lie want* lohavc 
tir.iuud him uot fticuds tuid totnfuilo only, 


hul milch more — veterans who trill lu*plre 
liim to i-mtilule llteir ilhistriuit* deed*, cuu- 
rade* wire arc endeared tn him by tie* of 
privation* nnd ilurgern tnuttially t-iwitired. or 
other* wbiav exploits excite him to friendly 
rivalry, trophies which will c"HUilntiilIv iv- 
miitd him uf ttloriiiit* aebievement* amt fire 
hln, with cDthushiam for his high Calling. 

To thi* end the United Service Clult at 
Washington now exist*. Its obiert. aboVB 
• tl tiling*, i* 10 foster that rr/r/it itr tvrp* 
which i* so nociili*] to uu cffick-ul nrniy ami 
navy. It ha", in fact, tbe identical purpowt 
of iy Vrrrt* MiUstirr in Paris, and no la( 
ter tlefinilion of that purpose can la: found 
ihtui in tile first ttrtido uf the consliluilou uf 
thiU club 

"Tu tighten lietwcrn tire officer* of all 
branch'-* af the army and ttavv the bond* 
of u cordial contresi'c-iitp; to facilitate the 
riM-atis of developing llreir gvin-rai know ledge , 
nnd lo procure fur them nutlctval comfort* in 
keepang w lilt thn sint|»liciiy nf military life." 

In ilefining those Who are eligible lor mem- 
In-nlup. the founder* of the club were evl 
dcntly guided by the lu tent ton iliat It slum hi 
have a liighcr purpnac than that of mere so- 
cial gathering*, it* tbe following extract front 
the hv law* will >how; 

" Commisaionrd cJliccr* and cx-conintis- 
skMted nfllcera of the BTBiy. navy and iimriae 
CU/ps of lire United blatcs, regular or voluu- 


t«T members of tire Society of the Cincinnati, 
and of the niililury order of the Loyal L-gmii 
of tire L'liitwd Site- ,-utd gratiiiai» of the 
United hluit-3 Milltiiiy Acadt-niy anil ol Hie 
Unit ad grates Naval AatduBty, who ahull 
lwvc laren hoDontlily ili*chnxged tbe KTVtec, 

nv eligible to nremtivrabip 

"The President of tlu- United Slate*, the 
Secretary of War. and lire Secretary of the 
Navy shall he Ikoiiorury mcmlicr* of the club, 
and Dot su I -pvt In any adtnusiuu fees nr nii 
uunl dues 

Here, then, tin-re will Ire a tninmingling 
of men land of (htird-racemjanl"{wltn fntulit 
for the Union with those wire arc tralmst lo 
fight fur it "hutild necessity arise again- K" 
pec -sally fortittiate t» it that men who, having 
served os oltln-rs. have sine- ctionun ntber 
walks iii life arc eHgibie to mctnlrersliip. for 
it insure* th‘»*e cordial rrlatiana hd wm>d mil- 
itary tium and ■ tvllUns which ate so desiia 
Mein tbi* republic. 

The ftd tuning li--t of the preornt Hoard of 
Malinger* w ill still further illustrate this liar 
IlloakiUB aral fort>iii»iu MeiMling: 

Elnierf Janunrv, I ‘•01, for one vewr. — l*re*- 
Idelil. Gem ltd Schofield, l IS, Army \ ice 
I'rcstilcut, (‘nioncl ll.ismcr. U S. Yohinlu is 
Treasurer, FgyiaaMi-r Cbnaody, 1 S Navy. 
Hccretary, l.ivim-uiiiit Denny, U. fi. Motiue 

Can*. 

The rvintiMAitiofl of the Board nf Dirvctcrt 
is oa follows: 

Elected January, IWfit, for three year*.— 
fli-in ral Ontwav. I' S. Volunteer*. I.icu 
lei-nut Nirhohon, l S. Maty. Mr I* K. 
Chapin, l.oyal Legion 

Elected ■tniiiiiiry. 1S90 for three years.— 
Lieutenant Iii is*. I Army. Lh-m* nani 

Fechteler, V. H, Muvy. Mr. 1). It t ,w, 
ex-naval odlccr. 

Elected January, lfiSl, for three years — 
Chief Engineer Ffelclrer. U. S. Navy. Gen- 
eral lircckrnbridgc. U S. Army. Mr. O. C. 
Green, Order of ( luciunuti. 

Many member* of ("ngre**. Usving l»xn 
cominisaloned otllcer* during the civil war, 
are eligible to nremlN-rship. Sumo I save 
availed Ihenioclvea uf their eligibility and 
Joined, 

Army and navy officers aiiroad arc treultd 
with the great cat courtcey. and they are so 
■rented because they are (WffM ■* repre- 
ucntlug uitr guveruoieiit. No allowances are 
mudir them for returning surb courtetnc* 
when foreigu officer* visit lire l ulled State*; 
aiu! as individual entertainment i* prec|nd<*i 
by the Miiallntws of llieir suhiries, ■ eltib uf. 
fci s Hie readies* hoIhiIob to the difficulty 
When distinguished oifirrra of the Briixiliiiii 
navy vUtred Waaliingtoo L»l wtotex, ortieere 
there fell keenly the lack of a commodious 
and upl'irt'prlitle club boii*c at which tu fit- 
tiugly cnlcrtain them. Much a visit oo a 
grander scale will occur in lttffi, upon the o> - 
cssiou uf the great international review iu 
cvniitnemuraliuD of the voyage uf I'olljtnbu*, 
and it shut- il he a source of coucTutulailon 
to all olHra-r* that they will then Ire in a ait- 
uatkoti to receive their guests wwthllj 

Tire new club house is Ixuulifully situated 
uu Farragut Square, oorner of Connecticut 
Avenue mid ] Street. Of tuunu- many fac- 
tor* entered iotu the cliulcc of the site, to.it 
luvul olbecr* arc to Ire especially eougratu- 
hii<"l uia'ti the result : for (Leui it is Jatnly 
idi-ul. Tl*e Iwonza sialue of tire gv*i:di-*t 
figure iu Atnetican naval history fuce« the 
emu, nnd seem* to took with approbation 
ujMin its existence and purpose. 


THE B1DINO CLUB. 

JUMrilt J CM 1*1 NO fOMTESTH. 

lr the children of the present generation 
do not grow up tu Ire accomplished, vigor- 
ous, anul healthful niciuhera uf society, it 
will certainly U from no Inrk of opportunity 
to KCkpiirr the requisite (raining tu (hut ran. 
Tim la iivtieed a progressive age. aod Hi no 
field does it give greater erUlemx- than in 
tba: of recreation. Winn thuuu of ii* i hast 
now with admiration fullow tire- morruirut* 
of (lie children were young-ier*. (lie wildcat 
dlsolptitlon of our play hours was bouoded 
by lire whip-top. inarhluK, and the game of 
primmer ► hum; To day the schrad-lmy spurn* 
ih- niarlth-s for the more v igoruu* piny of foot 
ball, or he has Ilia puny middled aud goes nut 
for » brisk trot. Our rerolleciiun* of cquoa 

lervleWH. Diode |M»»iliU- hv liberally briliitig 
the CMehninn. with one of The emriage bormw, 
wlmra* idle driving gnit »o very apt t» dis- 
solve all laienL-ainl-icioii for riding. 

\Ye <ii -li t h no vi tliiii the hors of today look 
any Iti ulihicr than we did. certainly we cull 
not lie expected to acknowledge tbrm any 
Stronger <n mure active; bu> assuredly iticV 
have practical tnetmCtliHI iolcrWOVto with 
their "irirgglcs with fractions and graniu.aU 
rni construction that u« were oblfgol to ac- 
quire Inter in life by experience, w 5th tire 
girl* it i* different: they have linmens'rratile 
advantagm over iIi<hh- ifuit »tixid by watebing 
our lH-vi-h gnnuw They Biuve with a free- 
dom and ehxsthil) of aclKilt of w loch girl* of 
(aril ton year* ago knew nothing. Their col- 
or i* fn-di, nnd tieqicaks good tilgcsllub and 
resUul slumber 

And whence rolric all IIiom- hcuctll* If nut 
from athletic Indulgence? Of nil the many 
kind* of exercise th« rc i* absolutely rmlhing 
i hn i i.-'jual" riding for rltlscr man. woman, or 
child. Leg*, st'-niueb, lack, all are Called 
u|Kin for action, and ail are strengibenreL 
The country hid hu* always had the mi’«n 
lit^c uvet his city COUalo io far u» ridaig is 


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212 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1787. 



MSCATOR JOUS M PALM EH. 


concerned. but ilrvclopmcnU in tlie pant few 
vein have gone u loot; way toward equaliz- 
ing matter*. The great e*t boon to Uie New 
York youngster U Unit hi- futlier should 
tie it member of Tbc Killing Club. If be is 
thus fnvorvil be may learn to rule correctly, 
mill In surrounding* that must have a refin 
rag influence. Hut Ibis Junior element is 
only n mint incidental feature of the club. 
About ten years ago. wlien riding vra» !*•- 

f inning to betaken up by New Yorkers. The 
tilling Club was formed by a dozen grtitle- 
iii. n Tlx* original idea was a riding-school 
where their wire* and daughters would lio cer- 
tain to receive proper instruction and enjoy the 
seclusion afforded by the club feature*. The 
victims of tho innovation— for such itulred 
it must lie called— was instantaneous, and u 
rush was umdc for menbonbip tliat. biul tin* 
committee been to disponed, llie limit would 
have been reached in short order Tlic fir»t 
club-house was unpretentious, nod entirely 
inadequate to the -I* murid- mude upon it; 
but wlim the present home mi Fifty-eighth 
Street was cniuplcKd. the club feature was 
considerably extended. Keading mid reoep 
lion nwina weft added. and a restaurant es- 
tablished. In eiinscuuente, the club today 
is probably as much frequented by its rurni- 
bera as any one in the city, possibly more 
so. Every afternoon at li»e it become* tint 
rendezvous f«r the griiDemen coming up from 
down town. Music Is furnished Mini li-a Is 
served, and riding cither in the club ting or 
I*aric follows, according to the weather 
Too much could not be said in praise of 
the good the club has done la this city. It 
tiss furnished protection to the wife ami 
daughter uf a memlier that It l» absolutely 
out of the question for Ibnm to get in unv of 
the riding-schools, and it lias taught tliciu to 
ride gracefully and well, This winter for 
the flrst Uric a scries of lumping contests for 
the Juniors— children of members ■ b an ticen 
IntnxIiM'cd. with most gratifying n«ults, 
while to make tbc interest keener handsome 
silver evil's for the winner* have been offered 
bv several of the members. Tim contents con 
Ilnur for five wreks, a meeting twlng belli 
every Saturday night, at which all the en- 
tries’ perform, and are allotted blue. red. rri 
luw, white, mid green ribbons, counting 3(1, 
10. 13. H, unit 4 points respcctivelv. < >u the 
flnul eight the out Dial lias gailud Die grea* 
e»t number of points given, of comae, for 
general horsemanship. is dec land the cham- 
pion, ami wins the cup. 

The bands and seal of these youngsters, 
that range from nine and ten years of age up 
toMflvsn. are truly remarkublr, while tin- skill 
displayed in iiegolialing the jumps would loi 
creditable in tlie hunting-field In lliccum- 
pctitlona there an* general Iv two hurdles of 
Hires' feet, arranged for an In mid out Jump, 
and lar* five feet high. Far and away the 
most interesting performance of the young- 
sirfu. however, 1* the game of jil iff tmrrr, 
ITpretmlrd in Die Illustration, which is gen 
eratly played after the competition* It is 
pntrtiaalJy tug on linrarbueK. and yet still 
tuotc than that. It is pUyeil by three Ixiya 


at a time. Each nno haa a rosette of differ- 
ent color attuclied to his right shoulder It 
is decided between them which one sluil be 
pursued, and he advances to the centre of 
lire ring, the other two taking each a eonier. 
At a given signal by some one elected to 
serve as referee, tlx* two start after the one 
In the centre. The game is to gel Die roM-ttc 
off Die one's shoulder, but it mini I** taken 
by the pursuer from tlie left side Two min 
utes me allowed to each game, unless, of 
course, the pursuers have been successful in 
capturing the rosette in less time. 

Em it one has his turn in Inking the centre, 
and lie w ho retains bis rosette is regarded a* 
more skilful than even tbc one who [nmubly 
may have ruptured two and yet but hu own. 
It is considered more expert to guard thiui 
rupture. Kelyiug solely upon the speed of the 
horse in the game destroys all Die pleasure' for 
the spectator, and rohs it of ils instructive 
features. The game is a liberal education in 
horsemanship; the tactics pursued in twist 
ilig luming, and deriving give the Imy n firm 
Kid in the saddle, sensitive bands, and Judg- 
ment to art in cmurgvncy. So good, indeed . 
Is it for giving the rider confluence and seat 
Dial it is included as necessary in the cdura- 
lion of cavalry. 


GENERAL JOHN M. CALMER 
Till; Ix'gtalature of Illinois has given for 
eight weeks pad Its entire attention to on 
effort to tiioooe a im-mlxr of the United 
State* Senate At the election lust full Dio 
Democrats almost tuccrvdcd in getting u ma- 
jority of the l> fiidature. but they were Just 
short of it. Tlitre were till Ik-mocml*. lOil 
Kcpubl lean*, and two Iudependrnts, or mem- 
bers of Die Farmers' Mutual Benefit Associa- 
tion For !5it ballots Die vote stood os above. 
Before Dm next liallot the Republicans offer 
ei I to cast the solid vote for one of tho inde- 
pendent members; but hr .corned Die propo- 
sition, and announced that he and lit* col- 
league should cast tlmir voles on the next 
latllul for General Fulmer, the Democratic 
a*|drant. In the CDMaU Just c uded tleneral 
Faltuer bad an uuusuid nxiorsi'oicnt. a* lie 
was regularly nominated for Senator by llie 
Slate D» moemtir I '.invention previous to Dm 
election of Die Ix'gl.lalure* 

General 1‘iklturr was born in Kentucky 
seventy- fottr yearn ago. lie liud no early 
cilia iiiional advantage* When fifteen yearn 

old h with bis family to Carlinville, 

Illinois lii IWO Im waa admitted to the bar. 
having l teen examined hr Stephen A. Doug 
la* and found to In* qualified lie «n» a fol- 
lower rif Douglas for twelve or fifteen years, 
but Depurated from bim upon the question of 
permitting slavery in tltu Terr I lories am! new 
ptntm. lie hail during that time been a 
eimnty Judge, and several times u memlier of 
Die Matt* Legislature, in 1“.VS be was one 
of the live independent no m tiers who inducts! 
Dir IV big. to support Lyman Trumbull for 
Die l 'tilled SUtlre Senate In that same 
ycur Faltuer presided over the Republican 


State Convention, and until 1872 he win a 
zealous member of thnl party. He waa n 
friend of Mr. Lincoln, and when tbc Unit call 
for troop* was matin hr volunteered, and was 
made Colonel of the Fourteenth Illinois His 
first military service was with General Fre* 
moot * expedition to Springfield. Missouri. 
In December, lsfll. lie waa commissioned 
Brigadier-General of Volunteer*, and pul in 
command of a brigade. Subsequently he 
served under General John Pope in the cats- 
turo of New Madrid and Islaud No. 10. In 
November, I M2. Ik was in temporary com 
mand of a division in General Grant's army. 
For gallantry nod meritorious service at the 
battki of Stone River he was commissioned 
Major General of Volunteers on November 
2#. 1M2. lie led the Fourteenth Corps in 
the battle of Chickamnuga, and in .Sherman's 
Atlanta campaign still commnuded this const. 
In September, 1864. bn was sent to Louisville 
to lie Military Governor of Kentucky, and 
he held this position till he resigned in 18W. 
PulmeT's services in the field were very cred- 
itable to him, and only a very few volunteer* 
wllliout previous military training did such 
uniformly good work. As a civilian soldier 
Inkstands pretty close to Terry. !.ogan, and 

When he had resigned from the army he 
movnl to Springfield. Illinois, and resumed 
Dm* practice of llie law. His friend, urged 
him to he a candidate for Senator lu 1M7. 
but he made no effort for the place, and John 
A I.ogiin was chosen The next year he was 
elected Governor of Illinois In’lljt72 he re- 
fused a rcnominatlou. and mid that he did so 
because he was not in sympathy with Dm 
movement to make General Grant a candi- 
date for a second term. Grant, however, 
was nominated, and Fainter supported Oreo 
ley. With Senator Lvman Trumbull. Gen- 
eral Fulmer nittdo ua active canvass iu 
Greeley's favor. Both of these men have 
since acted with the Democratic party. In 
ixdltic* General Fulmer ha* always’ been 
hood mid consistent, and there is much 
cnuiSdcnrr in his State in tlso toundouHi of 
111*, clisraetcr and the independence and vigor 
of his judgment. His election at this time 
and Die manner of It Is in gratifying contrast 
to the spectacle in California, where Die va- 
cancy In the Senate caused by Mr. llrurst's 
death is until ushingly announced to be uti at 
public auction, anil to be awarded to him 
who will pay the highest price for the place. 


BENJAMIN 11ENRY PADDOCK, 

• S.T.D. 

Rf.xz.wiis llt.Miv Faiukkk, Bishop of 
Massachusetts, who died at the e pi soo pul 
residence. Bunion, on Die 9th inrt.. was hum 
in Norwich, Connecticut, February 2D. DCiH, 
He was the soo of the Rev. Seth Bird- 
any Paddock, many year* rector of Trinity 
Church iu that city. He received bU early 
education in private schools, and entering 
Trinity (Vlk-ge.liartfonl. in IS44,wn* gradu- 
ateil iu 1«4 h After tenclting one year in Die 
Episcopal Academy at < ' hesb t re. Connecticut, 
lu- entered Um General Theological Seminary 


in New York, and. following his graduation 
in 1853. became deacon of the parish of the 
Epiphany in this city. In Die spring of 1W3 
he accepted an Invitation to St. Luke’s 
Church. Portland. Maine, nnd soon after suc- 
ceeded liia father as rector of Trinity Church. 
Norwich. where hr remained until 1880, when 
he became rector of l hrist Church. Detroit. 
Michigan In 18CH lie was nominated Mis- 
sionary Bishop of Oregon and Wa*hing1° n 
Territories, but declined. Accepting In 18d» 
the rail In lacomc rector of Grace Church, 
lirookly a. within the walls of whose edifice, 
on September 17, 1872, he was con*wmt«l to 
Ihc episcopate In the pretence of a distin- 
guished gathering of clergy and laity, having 
four utonDia previously accepted an election 
by the clergy of Massachusetts to lit* bishop- 
ric of that diocese. 

Ills abilities first attracted notice in the 
controversy he held with the Her. Dr. James 
Do Koven at the General Convention In Bal- 
timore, in 1871. The latter was Die defender 
of the ritualistic tendency then nascent in 
this country, and udvornlcd a closer arconl 
of the Church with " Catholic *' Ideas. Tho 
dismission turned mainly on the doctrine of 
the eiicharisl. Dr De Koveu representing tho 
side of the so railed “ CoUiolic party," while 
Dr. Paddock strongly urged the necessity of 
repressive legislation, and presented tho elo- 
quent and succinct rirvmr of the growth of 
canonical burdens, by which he won reputa- 
tion a* n historical thinker and controversial 

leader. 

His election as the sucecmor of Bishop Man- 
ton Eoitburn was effected in the spirit of com- 

C unUe. Bishop Kiulburn was a pronounced 
w-Chim-hmati. and the liigh-Chureb pjtf- 
ty hail la-come restive under bis rrpresaivo 
ruling*. When the Convention diet, the can- 
didate of the Low-Churchmen was Dr. Alex- 
ander Vinton. Die High Churchmen prefer- 
ring Dr. Morgan Dix or the Rev Dr. Height. 
Dr. Height was elected, but be declined on 
Die ground of ill health. Another Conven- 
tion was therefore neceaory.wben Dr.De Ko- 
ven and Dr. Vinton were the candidate* of 
Die respective parties. Finding it impossible 
to elect either. Dr. Paddock waa at length 
chosen, bis moderate conservatism and high 
personal qualities commending him to tic 

“IS2L»,,. his office he devoted himself 

wiUt great industry and the consecration of 
his remarkable bileut us au administrator to 
the work of his diocnic. and so successful- 
ly that be lived to see divisions disappear 
and the representative men of High, Low, 
«ud Broad procliviiici abandon rivalries and 
change, if not tlieir views, their mannrr of 
cxprvHMtig them. 

Too ardently devoted to work to enter 
what U called "society." Bishop Paddock 
was ncverl heirs* exceedingly social, anil 
hem e whs beloved by all classes, being gen- 
erally spoken of a* "the good bishop." 
While not regarded as a brilliant man or 
a profound scholar, hi* marked turceia la 
an illustration of what resncctuhte ahiliDea 
united to high personal aitiwlw will ac- 
complish. lie wrote much for Church perl- 
odicnls. and was tbc author of several vol- 
umes 



TUK Klolll UKV U. ||. |'AblKH.'k 0.TH. IJlifUiH <>F M A.*v*Al III sgrTK. 


Digitized byCoogJftJ 


THE PRATT INSTITUTE. BROOKLYN. NEW YORK— THE PUPILS AT WORK.-Drawn i»y W. A. Kook**.— [So Tags 214.] 



/ 


HARPEK'S WEEKLY. 


Digitized by Google 


214 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 1787. 



THE PRATT INSTITUTE. 

Mil ('hari.f.h Piutt. merchant And manu- 
fculurer nf vnri.nn nni! nlnnive liusineM 
Internal*. wlmse Imam in in Brooklyn, New 
York, while amassing bi« large wcnllli. prove* 
lo have been u dillgenl ami intelligent student 
nf the needs of Hie industrial clnaani. In 
tuttiiivoo with niri*4 olieervet* in tlw field nf 
industrial effort, lie w* Unit lire -ii|*rfkiul- 
liv of llie average American bamllciuflsman 
places bim at it disadvantage with kin well* 
trained competitor from abroad. and tl>at 
here, a* elsewhere. society nt Urge suffer* 
fmm the misplacement nf many of it* indi- 
vidual mem ban. Mr. Pratt differed from 
other observer* of Ukm evil* in tlir powea- 
a too of the mean*. onurngr, ami ability nrce*- 
miry to attempt till* remedy. Hi* plans look 
year* to mnt lire, ami throughout thnseycar* 
he maintained cl me secrecy a* In hi* eventual 
purpose while collecting data ami informa- 
tion from widely separated ami variou* 
source*. When no July 1 . 1885. excavations 
for a large building were tiegiin on Kyenmn 
Street. Bnxiklyn. ou the block between He 
Kidli nml Willoughby avenues, people in the 
neighborhood were uuxiou* lo ascertain the 
purpow to which It was to bo put. Ilut the 
new 01 ployed did not km, and it* the wall* 
aro*e, amt story was uddrd to story, no ono 
could (nit) other information titan tliul tbe 
structure ivm to be used for manufacture*. 
It ant completed in tlw spring nf 1KS7; and 
ou May lhili of Unit year a eluirter wan ob- 
tained by which it became the Pratt Insti- 
tute. a school of mantml mid industrial Ml- 
ovnubU-d to literary and wirntific edurniion. 
It vra* from llie outset liberally endowed by 
it* founder, and at once at t meted niimlicr*of 
student* chiefly from the cliuues for whom it 
waa designed. 

The building* then ami *uhaK|tirnlly erect- 
ed. although large acd commodious, are evi- 
dently hut Uir beginning of a series of con- 
tiguous structure* to lie placed on ample 
tract* of laud alrcaily purchased, as rapidly 
as increase of studeuta aud the aim* of tl»e 
founder demand the c*|>au*iun of facilities. 
The main building is 100 by 86 feel, and six 
atones high. The Mechanic* Arts Budding, 
and an extension to the main building, is 144 
by 93 feel— the former four ami tin* lauer 
live Maries in height. The one-story Trade 
School Building is 106 by HI feet. The ar- 
chitecture it plain and substantial, nml the 
interior appointments have an nir of quiet 
elegance and solidity. At riyht angles lo the 
main structure on Kycnon Street a oca tall- 
lice is lo be built Immediately. The plot it 
will occupy measures 160 by 173 feet. It lias 
lieen designed for the more distinctively pub- 
lic use* of the Institute. The ground-floor 
will contain an auditorium to ~c»t 1300 |ior- 
sons. ii lid a smaller lei tine lull to nrconimo- 
date -WHI. The second floor will lie occupied 
by (he library, the third by Uic scientific and 
ah museum, and a rear wing will serve as a 
spnciou* banqueting lull The areldtectune 
Is to br In the main Norman, with Doric sug- 
gestions. 

The end the Institute aims m secure is the 
symmetrical development, mom!, mental, 
and physical, of it* pupils. Miml, heart, 
rye. anil bond, it is eontended. should receive 
co-ordinate and equally careful training. 
The founder appears to have lieeti one of the 
first in this country to adopt the rapidly 

! Towing liellcf thnt llie value of intelligent 
lamlicraft ami skilled labor entitle* iIh-iii to 
like dignity with the liberal pursuits, liui 
to thus elevate them, training in the manual 
urts must be accompanied by Hbenl educa- 
tion, af wbicb. in tuni. it will become an im* 
porunt factor. While Improving the phys- 
ical powers, it quirkeus perception, ami give* 
alertness III tbe acquisition ot g« ncrnl know- 
Irilge. To round tue harmony of its instruc- 
tion. llie Institute aho endeavor* to inculcate 
habits of thrift, and seeks to develop self. 
reliance, and impress upon the pupil tbe 
supreme importance of personal character. 
Its facilities are fur all win* wish to engage 
iu mechanical, commercial, and artistic pur 
suit*, and for such a* de-ire to perfect ibem- 
sclves In tbe tbeurctic aud practical driuils of 
the occupations in w hich they are engaged, 
It propoie* to "aid thovc who arc willing to 
aid themselves"; and while tuition fees are 
required, it i* sought. ** by Mime mean* coo- 
slslcnt w ith self -hwpfitlncss and self-respect,*' 
lo make jiossible the admission of every 
worth) applicant. 

At present over three thousand pupil* nro 
availing UieuMelvca of the ailrantagr* in tlw 
various ileportmcuts into which the I not 1 1 llie 
i* divided. Each of these departments ha* 
iU head, and together the department heads 


constitute llie faculty. They are presided 
over n officio by the secrelnry, which office, 
ll i» ittli'Mllu'io know. I* now held by Mr. 
Frederick Ik l*mti. a sou of the founder, a 
graduate of Amher-r. mid a young gentle- 
man of ability, who has dedicated hi* life lo 
benefiting Ids fellows by execilllou of Id* fa- 
ther'* plans The instructor* nnd llieir ns- 
aislant* Dumber rilitelyone. Morning, after- 
noon, and evening tXUWI an- held in most 
of the departments, ami provision la made 
for partial courses afternoon* and evenings 
iu In-lkalf of those whose employment* limit 
tlielr opportunities. Applicants must tic 
fourteeu year* of nge, and the sexes arc ad- 
mitted mi equal footing to ull pnvilcgrs they 
may enjoy in common. Certificates are given 
to student* who completes full course in any 
of the department*, after satisfactory exam 
Ination. nnd special eert ideates tn those com- 
pleling courses in evening work. 

The Technical High school Deportment 
combine* with such instruction ns is given 
in tiie high -school or academy systematic 
course* In drawing and variou* forms of 
manual work, lls system coil forms lo the 
radical Idea of the "netv education" in nt- 
lenipliug to develop all the powers svmmiTri 
cally. iuMeixl of mdeavorlag to train n single 
set of faculties merely, ll gives s|*eeial heed, 
therefore to the cullivaihMi nf the peicejuive 
ami imitative pawers. Its *ch[H' iieing pre- 
paratory, It does not atm to fit the pupil for 
a particular occupation in ili*linciion from 
nil others, but tn so comprelwnstvely dis- 
cipline his families as tn enalile him the liet- 
ter to iliwover hi* aptitude*, nnd afford him 
the hi null and general ground- work rssential 
Id succesa iu the pursuit Ik- may elect in fol- 
low. The course extends over three years, 
nnd embrace*, besitie* the usual literary aud 
scientific Mudle* and drawing, in the first 
year, for boys, bench work iu wood, wood- 
turning. pattern making, principles of mould- 
ing. for girls, sewing, hygiene and home 
nursing, wood carving In the second year 
tbe student* arc admittrd to laboratory prac- 
tice; elocution and vocal music are taught; 
boys take mechsnicnl drawing, foundry 
moulding, forging. tinxmithing: girls. option 
*1 work in any of tlw art course*. millinery, 
drcas-muking, and wood carving. In the Sen- 
ior year, conilniilng tbe arts and scientific 
connv, the hoys have instruction in advanced 
mechanical drawing and problem* of con- 
struction. U-neli work in the mncliiiie-sliop, 
mechanic tool work and const tori Ion: and 
the girl* have, added lo advanced studies, 
higher grades of tniinuul work aud instruc- 
tion io (Sinking. 

Tim proficiency ultaiiii'd by pupils in tbe 
manual an* I* very gratifying, some of their 
woTk, as designs for carpets and wall-paper*, 
having been ailopled by manafnrturvrs Tlw 
utmost I boron gillies* is required of them In 
all detail*, and their silent application a* they 
pursue their work— the bovs iu the forging 
or lathing room, and the girl* in the millinerv 
aml drras- making depart menu — is interesting 
evidence of llieir alaorptloti in it. ('laso ex- 
hibit*. allowing the progress made by (be 
young (iTtisnns. from the crude performance 
of tlic beginner to tlw well finished product 
of the graduate. an- among live at tractive 
feature* of the Institute. 

Fifteen studios ami rooms have been as- 
signed to tlw Art Department. Seven are 
occupied by classes in urrbitrrtnrnl and me- 
chilli ical drawing, wood carving, water color. 
ih'*lgn ami art needle work , four, with north 
light, ure u*ed by tlw elementary clauses for 
light nnd abode dmwing anil for clay model- 
ling; and u large Art Hall on the upper floor, 
lighted from the roof, is arranged for ad- 
vanced work from tlw antique ami from life. 
Tlw department I* supplied with casts of or- 
nament nml the nntique, a number of sketch- 
es by the obi master*; original drawings, for 
illUHtrution, by modrni nrtisla; a compre- 
hensive series of chronologically arranged 
photograph*, illustrating tlw historical devel 
■ ipmenlof art; photographs illiislratiiig land- 
Matie composition, nml nil necessary design* 
nnrl charts for cluss use. The school is for 
those who desire to pursue, thoroughly and 
systematically, any branch or division of 
urt work, and Its courses of study ate nr- 
rangnl for pupils who can give to tbe work 
five i lays each week, for throe who can give 
but two or three afternoons, and for those 
who can afford hut throe evening*. Art 
needle- work t* an especially attractive branch 
of this deparlnirtil. The course therein in- 
clude* free hand drawing ami work that il- 
lustrate* the principle* of design. The in- 
struction a bo aim* to cultivate artistic feel- 
ing and judgment in home decoration. 

The Heparcuwut of Domestic Science is a* 
thorough tn its work as it i* admirable In it* 
purpose, which I* “lo afford girts and wo- 
men opportunity for such training a* will 
best supplement’ the education usually guio- 
ed In llieir school life, and belter prepare 
them to make home-keeping the high art 
that It should be;" hence course* iu cook- 
ing. household economy, laundry work, hy- 
giene and home mining, plain sewing, mil- 
linery. nud dres* making. Order, accuracy, 
economy, logical sequence, are the liesideraia 
in this 'di'pnrlmrnt, and the methods those 
that exhibit the artistic- and scientific princi- 
ple* underlying all good work. Three kitch- 
en* on the lop floor arc provided with table* 
and utensils for the use of pupil*. Tlwir 
closets ure stored with articles of table ser- 
vice. and m*l and gn* stnvr* ingeniously ar- 
ranged enable the pupil* to *et to work with- 
out delay. Each class bus one lesson of tvro 


hour*' duration weekly. At every lemon the 
instructor gives a brief talk on l[w chemical 
and nutritive properties of llw materials liv- 
ing used, and upon the changes produced by 
cooking. At Interval* a practical butcher 
demonstrates licforr the class the method of 
cutting side* of beef, mutton, and pork. 

A normal course in this deportment is es- 
tablished for tbe training of teacher* in cook- 
ing. Among its prrsent members are sev- 
eral voung indie* belonging to families of 
social pmminrnre. whom good sense and not 
necessity prompts tn becottw good house- 

In the l>C|»trt liieut of Commerce, phonog- 
raphy, tvpc-wiiting, English. Itook keeping, 
ami luisiuess eliquette, comprise tbe present 
enurae. soon to lie ex tended to embrace mat he- 
matics, conmiercial law. geography, aiul oue 
or more modern language*. 

Tlw Department of Mechanic ArU is 
equipped with ‘hop* ami Inttoratorw*. and 
tlw necessary machines and implements for 
praclkal hiMruction. Tlw iustruclor in each 
branch execute* the Itmou liefore the rlaas. 
He explains method* and principles and ex- 
hihits ilwm in practical application. Each 
pupil then lukcs up the work, uud receives 
nrcmnnr advice anil correction a* he pro- 
ceeds with it. Each i« supplhsl with a com- 
plete outfit of tool* Tlw practical value of 
tiie instruction is evidenced hv tbe fact that 
of forty-eight V speed lalluw now in the 
turning room, twenty four were built in the 
institute 

The Trade School, in which are taught enr- 

K iitrv, bhu-kMnltldug, chipping aud filing, 
icklnying, plastering, stone rarving. stone- 
oiillln.'. IM MOM nml fcUOO |>aintiug. doe* 
not protend to turn out Journeymen mechan- 
ic*, but to iifford a training Ihul further prac- 
tice in actual work will perfect. Frequent 
lectures are given on materials and methods, 
and all detail* uf the work nre «o sdentlll 
cally adjusted as to make progress rapid. 
The school exhibits Mime highly crrdilublu 
specimen* of tbe bundierafl ot it* pupil*. 
1 hose in carpentry and fresco painting are 
specially noteworthy. Learner* In the latter 
branch are required to draw and color de- 
sign* in the Art Department, and to apply 
tlwm in fresco to the plastered wall. House- 
holder* may MTOeeieoee revival of an alraroi 
extinct hope nt being told that the brunch of 
scientific plumbing secures the must pupils 
in tht* department 

Tiie l>e|Mirtmenl af Science nnd Tech- 
nology give* special attention to electrical 
const ruction, instruction in which is given 
by mean* of lecture* mid laboratory prin t Ice. 

A meritorious work of llie Institute is llie 
preparation of women for the broader fiehU 
of nL-tirily that have opened lo their sex. 
The new education “ In millinery ami dre*»- 
making. in which llw eye is trnitwd Uy draw- 
ing, and tbe hand by pradirnl work, promise* 
it higher grade of M-rvice in these brunches. 
More Important Mill are the improvement* 
in home life llw Institute is striving to effect. 
In the Department of Hygiene mid Homo 
nursing women are taught In rare for iliueM 
or accident, to perform the duties of a nurse, 
to apply Iwndagr* and splints, lift helpless 
patients, produce artificial respiration, and 


prepare and apply poultice*. Students of 
this department who were on a train to 
which an accident happeml In one of the 
New England Slates Last summer were in- 
delued to their training for ability to reuder 
valuable aid lo tbe injured. 

The Technical Mu-eum ho* a large collec- 
tion, admirably arrungnl to illustrate all llw 
proctics which end In llw production of 
artistic ns well as tinrful object*. 

The Free I jbniry cunlain* 2'i 000 volume*, 
among which U to la- found the beat literature 
on the subjects included in the curriculum 
of llw Institute. Tlw membership I* uow 
over 1 1 . 000 . aral tlw hooks circulated in 1 
numtiered 91.046. 

An ndjuiict enterprise nf the founder that 
It mav lie hoped will bee. .me popular is “ The 
Thrilt,"an niMorintion to promote habits nf 
economy, and to help all. especially the 
young, lo save nnd wisely n*e their money 
by delHi*itii)L' it at interest until ■ fund t« ac- 
cumulated lor buying a home or starting in 
laisine**. That savings may be made in 
small hums nnd without too frequent visit* 
to the Institute, it i* proposed tn issue from 
till* dc)Mrtnwnt stamps of tlw denomination 
of ten rents and upward, redeemable nn pre- 
sentation. These stamp* will lie prucunibhi 
nf ngents throughout New York and Brook- 
lyn. They lire lo lie pasted on a card that 
will be furnished to tbe purchaser; and 
when llw card i* presented to the Thrift, 
the amount it represents in stamps will be 
placed to hi* credit, and thenceforth draw 
interest. 

Surli. in brief, L* llie novel and compre- 
hensive sy*tem of education lltat obtains at 
the Frail Institute a system whose princi- 
ple- the founder Im* illustrated with such 
philanthropy and muniflernre that his mod- 
est commendation of them (o hi* countrymen 
will be received with nttrntion nnd respect. 

S. (stKFAKD .Ntu-i.s. 


TWO BARDS. 

A hard who wrote in stave* 

Once mailt- n Iwnthen hymn. 

It bail till* stern refrain. 

That moved ns though Iu pain, 
"Tlw under-thought of grave* 
Mukrs the »eu grim." 

A Mouth-land singer sung 
With happy benrt and free; 

The living, not the dead. 

He dealt with, and he said, 
“Tbe world is glad and youDg, 
And good to mo." 

Aud ever since mankind 
I* shuttled hack nnd forth 
Between these singer* twain' 

Of glad and sad refrain: 

The south land warm and kind. 

The hitter north. 

Ricuard E. Bvrton. 



Daily Paper. “ The guest of the evening 


Digitized by Goos 



Tint r*om«KD sew am uw« that have 
been suhniiced to the New York Bute Ire- 
giriniurr liy tlie Codification Committee sltow 
at bast tlii.* result of earnest effort. There 
(in In' little* doubt tlmt tin- mcndier* of the 
committee have labored with a ctaar under 
Standing of tin* importance nml tiers l of tlie 
revision, and it is it trifle strange, therefore, 
that some nf lire simpler question* failed to 
COlUluuid their attention. Tlie provisions In 
regard to doer prohibit tire killing of «tnc* ami 
fawn*, restrict tlie killing to two hack* per 
intliviiliial, ftiioiten the hounding season. and 
forbid the shipping of game unle*t acromial 
nied by tlie sportsman, It teems too laid ml 
tlie hounding of ilrs-r could not lutre bern en- 
tirety' bn id tlied. aid it becomus tlm more liar 
rowing to In* obliged to luiifc** that the mis- 
erable »|K>rtMiunu*bip of time of tin l* die 
rxruHi for it* continued recognition. The 
reason given for not abolishing it in Unit tlie 
majority of men that f resilient tin- Adirnn 
darks are not tufUeicnlly expert to still hunt. 
Consequently we must tmve the laws ar- 
Tmtgcd mi llk-ie tv rot iu«y have their hound* 
aii<l their guide- and their beaters to bring 
llir animal lip to tlie very miuudea of their 
rifles that they may carry home great tales 'if 

V rowra* and cxritinr sport. f-jtort inderd! 
Vere ibesf valinnt belchers dependent on 
their own effort* or *kill. Iliev would never 
g^t a deer; hence they would’ not go to the 
Adirondack*. therefore the lintel* would *uf- 
fi r. Ami of course the hole!* must tie Blip- 
ported. cost wbat it may. 

Tin s it comes to pass that because a 
few Anglomaniac# consider it rjuite the 
l»ro|>er thing to visit the North Woods every 
ms«»i with Their retinue of henchmen, ru n 
Die deer all over lire country, and slaughter 
them in the water, we muw fashion the Jjtate 
laws to their liking and that of mine host, 
the hotel-keeper. It doe*at seem to occur to 
our improvident and obliging kgirintoni lliat 
it might lie as well for the future game pros, 
pecta of the Adirondack district, to My no- 
thing of redeeming our reputation as sports- 
Riru.tonlucale.hy tbr cufoveemant of pro|ier 
laws, the gentle urban hunter on tlie subject 
of whirb In- nnw evinces woful ignorant . to 
tench him that it is much more -jy.irt -man like 
to hunt hi* game than to have it driven into 
tlie water, where be may at his leisure whack 
it over the head with a club. or tcive it brought 
up to within eon y and certain killing distance. 
It is in the pursuit of game that wc obtain 
our s|iorl. the mere kilting is simply the 
necessary rtnnle tbat gives the hunter tlie re- 
ward for his skill, patience, and endurance. 
H pertained will a pend several tin vs on a 
trail, and enjoy every hour- The friend* of 
mine host go out for tlie mere purpose of 
killing something, n sanguinary dispnaition. 
Which might Ire ua well satisfied in the hotel 
Iwrn yard by a bog killing, with nil St# gory 
accotupauiiuent. Still hunting is sport, ana 
men that have any pretensions to being con- 
ridcred sportsmen will not hunt otherwise. 
Suppose j ou don't get a deer wi often; whut 
are you out for, meat or recreation? 

PmuttittTixn Tire Ktt.t.nsn of doc* and 
fawns, if enforced rigidly, will work great 
good in the North Wood* Combined with 
the excellent influence exerted by the sever- 
al Adirondack clubs, it will go a long way 
toward counteracting the evil* tlie short- 
sighted legislators have left u*. It Is aston- 
ishing wh*t an amount of good these power- 
ful -|sjri»iikir» cl it Im have done. u>>( only 
directly in their immediate vicinity. but in 
directly by setting a worthy, example. A 
great deal i* mid and written’ against the es- 
tablishment uf them, but it invariably come* 
from the superficially informed Tliere is no 
doubt but that they are the salvation of the 
country's spurt. A* a very large proportion 
of maakiod lire huiiest merely from fear of the 
law. so probably 75 per cent of the huuiers 
will transgress the law* and ethic* of sports- 
men without compunction. Tlieue club*, 
formed with the avowed purpose of praloc- 
tion, educate their member# on the proper 
line*, and dread of detection, if no I letter *ca- 
(iment, keejw lliein on the right truck. It i* 
plnuiiig to add that the Adirondack ('lull It** 
always prohibited the killing uf due*. 

The Com Fic avion Cauurm bu* Studied 
well the lesson of the pn-t ducking season, 
or else been wisely advised. It* rrcommrn 
dation* to atolishspring duck shooting will 
lie welcomed by every sportsman in tlie land. 
A few more wa-ins like those nf the |uM 
year or two. and our duck# will go the way 
of the pigeons. 

Arnett otspLAVixa m * <soot> sense in 
some of the recommeadaiioii-. tlie projKiwd 
law making different opening day* for the 
various kind* of Upland game seems doubly 
alsoird When the average man gnu* afield 
he is pretty sure to olioot at whatever he sees, 
whether in or out of sciimmi. and it u impos- 
sible to provide against such a contingency, 
notwitlistauiling tlie uew law prohibit* ship- 
piug of game bird* out iif the county in which 
they are killed, unless aiuoutpauh-l by the 
owiicr. It would require ns many gume war- 
dens a* there were inhabit outs in the county. 


HARPER'S 


The law of this State and of those adjoining 
slioiilii make Octolier l»t the la-ginning of the 
open season for nil upland game. No man 
would then have an excuse to he nut before 
another, or an opportunity to kill hare while 
ottensildy stoking squirrels. or groin* while 
hireling hate. It would likewise lie a mis- 
take to diange the present season for trout 
fishing in the Adirondack*, by adding two 
weeks in April, and cutting them off iri Sep. 
lender. Trout are rarely taken on the fly 
during Angusr, in the North Woods, while 
the sport i* generally excellent in the first 
two weeks of September. anil ha* been one of 
the chief attraction* 1<i vkiioin during that 
pkaKtnl pari of tlie season. Trout seldom 
spawn before October, and the river# are 
Oiled with ice in April. If this aileratinn i* 
made, it will surely tempt pisiple to Iran*, 
grrmion or drive angler* into Curinda anti 
M-nne. It will funluniuore emphasize the 
folly of empowering politician* rather than 
sportsmen to frame * porting law# 

If THE FENCISO CHAMPIONSHIP* lield an* 
nitally under the auspice* of the Amateur 
Athletic Union serve no oilier purpose, they 
unqusMlonabljr accentuate lire lack of skilled 
entries ami the crude conception of n sport 
that under proper tutelage should bcci-nte ho 
exact science. Where do the majority of those 
men acquire the gy tnunstk-al proddiug which 
they are pleased to denominate fencing? How 
Is it We aee so many curious style* of fencing? 
The i hiof reason is the same one that a indies 
equally to boxing— that wrong ideusaiw! prin- 
ciple* are inculcated In tire beginning. Isn't 
it getting about time that iiutniction in tire 
various branches of sport wan under the au- 
pervisinn of snmit convention that would Ire 
governed by the best detined rale* anil meth- 
ods? For instance, here in New York we have 
about a bull dozen reputable fencing instruc 
tore— French, German, and Italian Each of 
these consider* hi* method the one ywr ex- 
eriUurt , each one shrugs hi* shoutdera com- 
paoncuaiely for Ibc pupil* of the other, while 
nil Ion tire one another to a degtve that i* a* 
lasting iu it is combustible. To suggest a 
meeting of ibewramf other instructors would 
be novel indeed, and vet it must come event- 
ually . There fc>, to be sure, n wide differ- 
ence lietween learning on* « A B C# and re- 
ceiving Instruction in tbe art of fencing. and 
yet the governing principle in each instance 
is tire same 

Tttfciut Mtitsr comk A tiuk. and that be- 
fore many year*, when Irelh boxing and 
fenring will receive more serious nttcntiou 
than they do now. It j* only a few jeon 
ago that physical culture, so far a# it* rec- 
ognition, wan au unknown quantity. Gym 
imsiiim work used to be left to tire discretion, 
••r rallier indiscretion, of tlie untutored boy. 
Level bead* and wisocoun#*:! have prevailed, 
however, in recent year*, and the order nf 
things I* changed Nowadays tire lioy gire* 
into (lie gyrinnnaium witli an' understanding 
of whnt Ire Ih there for. Ire know* tlie differ 
fine in the mnchinc* and tire effect upon 
lii« muscles, and is ouniintioitaly under tlie 
wnteiiful eye of a skilled instructor. These 
instructor* are dieiul«rr> uf au aMocimian 
wbfcb hold* an annual convention for tire 
porpiMe of discumiitg work, method*, etc. 
Ju*t a* tire nrcMtdty for such supervision 
lias linaily lieeome recognised in tills quar- 
ter, Mi will it he III fencing, and inter iu box 
ing. We are young in liteac sport* yet. and 
the Americau’ Spirit to "get l here." regard 
less of expennr.sccm* to Ire uppermost. The 
fact that tlie undesirable element which mo- 
nopolize* public I loxing lia* no foothold in 
fencing makes it* prospects the mure hope- 
ful. Hocccs* in fencing depends upon train- 
ed skill; then- is no opportunity for spilling 
ore. hence it does not appeal to the O'Hualb 
an* it of. 

With a fkw wxcxmoN*, tbe contestants 
iu lire eliiUnpioushitis on the 7tb insl seemed 
utterly unaware of tbo fact that skill I* a 
prime requisite in fencing. Tire one idea 
apparent wo* to touch tbe opponent, no mut- 
ter how. and the remitl wax an awkward din- 
play of ignorance. The exceptions to this 
rule had little difliculty in disposing of their 
Opponents. Tliere Is absolutely no game 
where impetuous strength and ignorance are 
ttt the mercy of yudgiuent hud skill more than 
in fenejng, and tbe man who falls to appreci- 
ate tliis will Oml binuc If rnnoinctm to the foil 
ot hi* cool adversary time and again. One 
would think that a little experience should 
(each a fencer the handicap uf a lowered guard, 
so much it* to Irate the distance of tire fore 
aim iu reach, mid n crunching position, but 
apparently not, for it i* lo Imi wen ni every 
tounmuietil. and in many case* by men w ho 
have I atm fencing for years At" the chain- 
|di»usblps litis year the display of these was 
interesting in it* way. It showed how much 
work an active man’t-nn do in a laid position, 
and using procxiculiy hut one movement. 
There wo* no delicate work, no strategy, 
nothing twit pel) -me 1 1 rushing and jabbing. 
Tbe sabre coolest* were lo** skilful than 
those with tlie foil, and the spectators were 
treated to an exhibition of tin- Mine spirit 
(lust (kite ItlBlru the A. A. IT. sluggers — linile 
strength and awkwardne** One or two of 
the turn, indeed, ap|ieiired determined to cut 
their oppooent# in twain, 

It I* MFF. TO OAT that should tlie Hurling 
ham Polo Train come over lu re tbi* season, 
it would have by uu menus Uie walk over of 


WEEKLY. 


its last visit in 11(1. Not that 1 intend to 
convey the impression «f a visit lielng in 
contemplation, but to call attention to tbe 
great Improvement made In our play. The 
general pmgren* of the game Inu Irer-n eon- 
slclerahle.aud probably the most encouraging 
sign is the interest evinced by sportsmen 
other ilmti (bom el (he Hum Clnua. Polo 
ha* been greatly hnndveappevl In it* popular 
growth by being reganhai as n game for the 
cbo#e« few only, hut that idea has Iwn giv- 
ing way during tire post one or two aeasiius 
to a thorough appreciation of the genuine 
sport to tic had- Tbi* wn* especially no- 
tfcealiie last reason when there were mure 
young player* mounted (ban in any two 

f ears preceding, and nu i dittos* - iu entries 
rent July to August of seventy. Indeed *uch 
wo* tlie Interest shown during the New port 
week that thirty players were in town, w hile 
tlie Htnldes lield about one hundred mid twen- 
ty ponies. There was tl.-o lau year a derided 
iuiprovement in the form of tbe |»nie«, wliirh 
means a great deal In the sueeeM of lire 
game. With tlie exception ot tlie veteran*, 
too little heed bus bwu given to tbe training 
of the pony, and it iw not unusual in - t match 
fur some player's time to lie so entirely lib 
sorbed by the management of id* mount tliat 
his service to hi* team is of little efficiency. 
A pony that Is continually lighting for Ills 
bead is an alsmimutiun to his rider and lo 
every on* oo bte ride. 

For trih TEAR tbe prmnecW of good nolo 
are w> encouraging that a long and brilliant 
wuson i* counted upon. Tlie I’olo Associa- 
tion lield its first meeting on tire HMh Inst, 
with every club but Harvard rcpmcnled, 
nnd arranged for the following dates Mor- 
ristown C'luli. May 2fVth to fluth; Meadow 
Brook, June 8th to I3th; \V«*tche(ter. June 
I fob to 20th; E**ex. June 22d lo Sttb; Hock- 
away. July 1st to 10th. Oyster Hay. July 18th 
to 18th; Newport, August 17tli to S9tb; My- 
opia. Mmsmcburetts. Septenilrer 2d in 12th; 
Itingham, Massacliusetts, Septomtwr 14th to 
HKh. l'bdodclphui. Septemia-r 21st to 2.ilb. 
There Is coMlaenble talk of several other 
dub* being formed in tbe early season, and 
application mode to the Association, but no- 
thing tangible lias thus f*r developed. The 
Harvard Club has not been heard from, but 
considering lire very good showing it made 
last season at Newport, it i* pretty sure to 
put in a claim for a date later. The Associa- 
tion cup* which represent the champion-hip. 
will be played for during the llock&way Club 
M'ries at Cedarbund. Long Island. The 
Country Club at Wtstdustn will he tire 
acetic of the contest for the Herbert trophic*. 
Tire Governor's Ct al long* Cup will Ire played 
for at Orange during list? Kk«cx week, and the 
Meadow Brook Autumn (.'upon Long Island 
on a date to lie chosen later. 

Mil Foxham. Keicsk, who is abroad en- 
joying some of (hr hat sport furnished by 
English bounds, hi# sent no word thus far 
as to the probability of any English players 
coming over tliM year Before Ire sail# lie 
will probably disenas the matter with the 
polo men. and the chances are fair that some 
of them may BUM over nx guest* of the As- 
oueiaiion. Under no clreunistnncM will the 
men that onnur over be regarded a* a " repre- 
sentative " team, nor tbe games played ns in- 
ternatioonl matches. It I# tire do*) re to en- 
courage and strengthen lire Anierictui game 
rather than decide a national championship 
that is more or less of n foregone conclusion. 
Tbe Association Is making a great effort to 
impress upon players the ini|Mirtancc of team 
play Brilliant individual work is useful, but 
incidental. I-*#' year great advancement 
was shown in this particular, but there yet 
remain* much lo learn. CnuxiderahU- limn 
aud patience have always been lost by the 
frequent knocking of the boll out of tbe lines; 
to avoid a recurrence lire following rule has 
been formulated,- "Whenever any player, 
cither nccidentally or intcutiuuatly. knocks 
tbo hall behind tire litre id lire end at which 
the goal defended by his ride is ailuuted, it 
shall be deemed a safety knock out, and shall 
score oue fourth of a goal against such play 
er's side " This somewhat corre*|*oni1- to 
the safety (ouch down of foot-ball, and will 
have a tendency to make play more skilful. 

To those w iio vikkk the college foot (mil 
players of a hslf-doen year* ago. nothing 
More the dentil nf William Manning its* 
come with so *odd*n a shock a* the ao- 
tvmmcru'-cDt of tlie drowning of Henry C 
Lamar. Prineetun '85. Quiet but popular, 
be was a favorite With not only lire men of 
hi* own college, hut liu>-e of li’rnl tltilver-l- 
tic* Entirely unis**uming. yet combining 
all throe qualities Hiat go to make Up sterling 
manhood. Ire deserved the compliment* so 
often ta**towed. and the tisine Ire ha# left at 
Princeton i# such that tire l*-*t may envy. 
A* I look at the picture I have of Idm 
leaning against (hat old cannon dear to the 
heart of every PrincHOnian, I recall him 
a* Ire was up.m tire day of tire Talc-Prince- 
ton match at New Haven when he mode the 
run which has become tire phenomenal one 
of foot-bnll anital* l.anmr was a half back 
on DeCatnps team, and notwithstanding 
many attempt#, had l>cen unable to make any 
gains against the Yale forward* led by Cap- 
tain Peters. The Yak men had scored u 
goal from the field, and the time limit uf the 
second half w»» almost leached. No one 
thought it possible for Princeton lo retrieve 
bet fortune*. 


215 



HKNItY C I.AMAK. t’RIN< ETON, s& 


Tin: bai.l wa# not far front the side 
line, ami a trifle in Princeton'* territory, 
when Wat kin w»i. Ha- Yale half luck, w as 
called upon for n kick. He punicd well 
down inside Princeton'S twenty five -yard 
line, mid Toler Advanced to take tire lialf It 
bounded from him, am) Lamar, coming for- 
ward to atsisl Toler, gathered it In Ids urniH. 
and wn* off. like a deer, down tire field. Tire 
stort' of hi* run tins been told aud retold 
until every lioy in the euuntry knows how 
l*e sped over tire white Hne*. outstripping Hie 
de*iK(iijng Valerian*, amt finally placing tire 
hall Is-hind tire goal pot-, securing for 
Princeton a touch down, which was easily 
converted into a goal and victory. I low 
often Lutnar must liuvr lived over 1 1 rose few 
moments In tbe praises of Ids friends oue 
<an imagine, hut lire day* of practice, the 
running and dudglug which made Idm equal 
to tire emergency . can la- appreciated on!) by 
tll«~e who have themodre* been players. 
AVatkiiwon, who kicked tire Iwll, lias also 
joined the silent muyirily. and Manning, one 
of Harvard * moat brilliant players, wa* kill 
ed in a railmud accident only a year ago. 
Sncli m> n are mimed by more than their own 
circle of friends; they make lire gaps in (lie 
ranks which none can 111), and there are tbo*e 
of u» who will nnt look upon the gridiron 
field for many a year to come without tender 
it collections of tire dear hoy# that have gone 
before us. 

The IX-1MMH AMATEUR ItASK-IULI. season 
iin* finally rim tire length of its wean course. 
Pence be unto its ashes. There are no re- 
grets bean! for iu demise except those that 
runic from the companies or i|,e tkvenlli 
Hegirnent wlucli furnished g ** and base- 
ball*. PoesiWy tire umpire, also, whose de 
cisious have been aeriously questioned, may 
relinquish bis task with some regret at liuv- 
iag been la tras ed into tire gamp, and a deep 
-fated d*t*rminatiun to not again fall a vic- 
tim to the blandishments of tire National 
Guard athletic managers- In juxticr to this 
much a I wised official, it la well to remind tbe 
disirruulled |iUvera who have condemned hi* 
decisions, that iVy luiv. failed lo liil tire lull 
or get under u liy. The illumination 1m# been 
so Inadequate that players and spectators 
alike have I wen unable to follow tire ball 
Duly one pare Sn Ui« series of fifteen drew 
a pitying Luure. ami flint wn* probably due 
to Hi* following of n New Jersey battery that 
mode somewhat of n reputation last season. 
There will certainly lie no iu door hare kill 
at the Seventh Hcgimenl Armory next seu 
son, Ulricas elect ricitr i* umm! for lighting, 
TIimv is a strong i»»*‘iblHlj that no hall w III 
Ixr played even umk-r sui h improved condi- 
tion* We don't want indoor ball; it af- 
ford* neither sport n<»r inreruetum. It is 
an out door game first and always, aud lias 
no place on tbe winter programme More- 
over, it add* one more to the many induce- 
ment* already ured to enlist the irervlcre of 
athletes. Of the number of alklrtr* that 
joined the National Guard this winter how 
many were actuated pro jn’-riu r! pntria 

It i* Nor known generally that Chark# 
Psotte. the amateur i wr*miui of Philadelphia, 
hit* sailed for Euriqw Whether he will 
make liuorlicratieliipt for the Diamond Sculls 
i* doubtful, as his health bu* not la'cn very 
good for some tinie.iieccsritat iug lire attention 
of a physician pretty steadily Mr. ISotla 
ha- richer given (be impre—iiui that Ire In 
tenda taking up a periunncnl residence iu 
I*ari* for the purpo-e of |ierfecling hi* artis- 
tic studio*, laic he pnilstldy does not really 
know whether he Will represent the United 
State# on the Thanre* (hi* year or not. If he 
shortly pull* himarlf togellw-r and feelsjurong 
enough lo train, he will very likely make an- 
other attempt for tire trophy for which he 
ha* already ia<cu defeated at least twice, it 
would lwf ’wire in Mr, PooMa to get liini*e)f 
keyed up to tire proper pilch lirfneo ngidu 
ri-’king his club's emblem on Engiirii watr:* 
Tire general iinpn-ssinu seem* lo lie ibnl liotb 
tire Kngli-hnien. Nicknlls and Gardiner, tire 
too much for him. but tlmt he would have a 
fair citance of winning with Krunrriy a* an 
opponent. From a omiewlmt careful revh w 
of Mr. PsOlta s w ork, 1 am inclined to believe 
that he is out- of those whore Iciupcramrut* 



216 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLl'ME XXXV.. No. 17-T 


■a imt in sympathy wiili rottipclMlvr sport; 
Him iu> i* not a racer, and l» unuMc to roiike 
lll>* bent effort under muIi nrcuniaUtiucu. 
Moreqvor.Iic due*u t carry eunuch href on hi* 
nbi to last him through it hard |U|1I. It is 
interesting to note that Leo. the prof««ir.u*l, 
who trained him lari rear, iJisup|-i: tired from 
Itnladelpliia nt about tire lime Mr, 
sailed for Europe two weeks ago. 

At last Amen sKvr.iuL ttAiio of oMljr 
nnd uiuucceasful (ipeumcnting. much ngitn- 
tion. nnd the creation of un imsll rimi.mil of 
ill-feeling. the Athletic Club of IhaMiuylkill 
Navy bn* decided to dispense with the din 
li notion heretofore eserdewt between mem- 
bent and wsorialo nremts-r*. That the club 
should have sbowu protprrUr under so ri- 
diculous an arrangement speaks well for th« 
official* that have guided Us course. It seem* 
a curious matter that nu urgiuiixnlinn of WOO 
members, two thirds of whom hnd absolutely 
Du voice ID the legislation of their own iu 
irronts, though they paid equal due* with the 
oiben. should hare been nhf* In hold together. 
Hereafter the club will follow the ltfrcuc rul- 
ing* of others, and allow uu-iuWrx equal 
right*. Tbut its future is greatly brightened 
by the change gore without the saying. 

Caspar W. Whitney. 



" Bnlutr.i. Tim ! I *»l» te >*■ n Al.ft- 

inlii. It V a rre.if*di«)*4 I -liCJ I uiiujiirv ii»r tier ttrt 
Mulls cu-ur-pilld in Mat f*l brute* day" 


THE MJCDICAL C0RP8 IN THE 
LATE CAMPAIGN. 

lv all that has Lsen written nhout tire um 
puiiru of lWNt-l little or nothing let* ta.a-u 
said of the medical Cutlw. Vet it acted an 
itidUpt-nuthh.' pari, anil on the march, in 
cantp. or in battle «u ever present to min- 
ister to the ailments of the xiUticr. 

The iiffuir nt Wounded Km-.-, harrowing 
in detail, frightful to rerall. hud modi to re- 
lieve lot darker features. The heroism anil 
devotion to duty of the line have been fully 
Blade known, but those of the Uoepitid corps, 
under it* able and energetic chief, were equal 
)y mntkeil amt derervlug of mention. 

Muuv iuimiiIi* before tin- campaign the 
meat her* of this corps nud the troop hearer* 
had been peniMcully drilled, auil in peace 
had lieen prepared for Wur. 

” Search lor wounded," ■' rtrsl aid to 
wounded." the methods of "lifting and bear- 
ing wounded.” had I sen taught in does rjotn 
and practised Oil the field till tliey were fa- 
miliar as A ]J ("■». I was k-d hv curiosity 
to be prevent at one of these drill*, and by 
desire of information to attend Severn] oth- 
ers At lire comma tid "Search for wound- 
ed, "away went the drturhmcnbi of bearers in 
diffcrtui directions, through hushes, woods, 
and ravinrs, currying elided litters, and un- 
der direction of member* of the corps. Each 
bearer was furnished with a packet of dress- 
ings. lit u little While they returned, and 
every detachment bote on its Hirer u lol- 
(Ik'l *up|*osed to be sliot. These imaginary 
wounds were different in each of the dozen 
cases, and luid all beeu dressed nl the spot 
where the patient was found. 

The dressings with improvis'd splints and 
ciunpn.-ssca of various kinds listl been up- 
piled bv the hearers, who had then placed 
the soldier on the litter In the (swlllon de- 
manded by the peculiarity of hi* injury. 
It wo* obwrvad (but murfi otrow um uid 
both on this JHiiut and on Ibe method of 
" lifting" that hail 1 st a used. Non follow 
o.l in each twwr umuvrou* tiueslkina as to tin; 
seat, until re. anti degree til wound. and the 
lun inter of Npplviiig*|diiiL handuge. and com- 
press. Mtist of the answers wo ra prompt, 
and showed lunch intelligence and pnu-tical 
knowledge of the subject* oonsldeftkl. Mein- 
In is uf the corps os well us the hearer* were 
r lonely examin'd. Hr. Gleiiuao was usually 
preretil. and afterward proved un invaluable 
assistant under trying ciniiinHance*. He 
was second in command uf bU rurpx on the. 
--tub and noth of Drermber. 

This must int|M>rluul drill *m alway s pre- 
miihmI and varied from day to day liy the 
able, kind, studious, and baril working iutiii 
who as 1 «|M surgeon and ill two tallica bn* 
WOO til* lave, ecu tide nee. gratitude. nnd ad- 
miration of a|] about him. Nor can the S v- 
emit CuvtUry bn g<-t the serrlcw of the men 
uf lower station hot equal ami and devotion, 
who under his direction and equipped by 


hi* training, assisted in bringing comfort to 
our wounded and dying at Wounded Knee 
and the M i salon At the former forty wound* 
many of them desperate, were thrust upon 
their care in thirty minutes The sufferers 
were pmirptly brought off, taken to a school- 
houw, nnd made us cotiifurlabl* as clrctllt) 
stances permitted. The real of Hr. Hoff and 
hi* men »* Miaatod not only by the praise 
Atid gratitmle of the patients, out by facts 
of sienier nature. For Steward Oocar Pol- 
iak gave Id* life, and the doctor’s blouse was 
(verforated nnd his side hrilivxl bv a bullet 
All honor to the medical corps of the 
army, that ciic« us such able and skilful 
servant*, and i intitules a drill wlirreby nuiu 
is miniml/cd. and dinners! of life to tmicfi in 
created in haltle* 

NATURE. 

Funs* Nature we have coldly stood aside, 
And gone our wave with idl-anfliciug pride, 
tiijii her quickening auil u seed we sift. 
Take the vipu friiit. nor lunrvcl o'er her gift, 
She l« our own dear mother. She and we 
Are one nukgtiiflceXil totality I 
Thn-ucli us Earth wheels Kelf-consriutu on 
her trade. 

thit eye* are her*; they glam ber glory hack. 
Through us site teen her ChafmA uofutded far, 
Ureen- waving world aod giiUeriiig sen aod 
star; 

Through us the see* her still stream* glide 
in grace. 

And look* her ldu*5iing flower* In tbu face. 

In man V aspiring soul she yearn* and strives. 
A rut through his cunning baud her craft 
contrives, 

Hired a* dawn, nr dow. or flower, or (lame, 
Out of Earth's breast her vast cathedrals 
nine. 

Host think her silent? Strain llu> attiious ear 
I'nto her breast nor any answer hear. 

You, 1. all. U her »|M«cll— the poet s Hues. 
Tltc player's much, the dnrk sc* sounding 
pines. 

“Even os the wind through Asia's forest* 

mated. 

Not lo* from nipt Isaiah's tongue she 
IMHlftd 

rrttill Kiunding like n sea time's shore-B along) 
fits fiery aod forever living *uug." 

All sound* tire hers— the viol * pondtreu* 

pain. 

The palter of tlm million foolcil rain. 
Through reed and roaring bias* lier lnt-arb 
is blown; 

'The organ's monster music is her own. 

Along Bwthofmt'a sea of soul did ride 
Her splendid waves qf passion and of pibk 1 . 
She lumigbt forth Dante's hell deep, hcaven- 
higb rhyme 

To cheer her u* die limcaoine swept subliatc. 

If'JWAUD II ALL. 



A. G. MILLS. 

T«j-i>av the old Amateur Athletic Utilou 
shuffles off IkU mortal coil of athletic strife, 
and the rcorgiumcd association, of which 
Mr. Mill* I* the author, la-gins a life, let us 
hope, of usefulness, Although the period of 
Mr. Mllk’a activity iu amateur athletic* dors 
not exteml over more than three years, hi* 
Influence lu the cause hat been wide. spread 
and jiowerful- Hn stopped Into tbc breach 
at llic tiuic when the Amateur Athletic Fnion 
nnd the defunct National AtaudiUjoii of Am 
ateur Athletes of America were in the bright 
of an Intcrneciue war. and with rare skill 
and diw-reliou changed the bottle erv of an- 
nihilation to the pastorale of amalgamation . 
A little inter he successfully engineered the 
affiliation Mw«u the Anutleur Athletic 
L iiwin and the North Antcrirau Turner UuDd, 
nnd finally ctowued bis efforts for tbc fur 
therabcc of amnimr ‘port tbrotighout the 
country by remixtrlUug and improving the 
governing athletic bitdy, Stirli men have 
Ixtii few atid far between in amateur athlet- 
ic*, and their work therefore stand* out tii< 
more prominently. Although but recently 
known In amateur athletics. Mr. Mi 11* J*. lit 
fact, a veteran sportsman. He was an active 
member of the Atlantic ikute-ball Club of Ja- 
innka,l.oug Uland, formed in one year 
la-fora the incepUou of tfi« AtluclJc Club, of 
Brooklyn. Hut sflrruiud became so fiuitous. 
A* « member of tbcSecoud Dm yen Zouave* he 
sen ell three year* during the war, wlir-re his 
love for bare Im.I 1 led him to organize » com- 
pnuv nine, and after the war be fiiumiisl the 
Olyhtpira In W**Jii.igtun. It wn-t Lm-ause 
of 'ibis interest anJ Ids well known sage 1c- 



a HBCtnauxiMTiox 

“ W.OI. RwtRj, I Lear jua have Idl Sti Hmidicm.’' 

'- Utit give jna * g.»»l 

" Ys*-*u. Ur urn. write it. *V «*-i I was Or Bus' iiiLailaslow u 1 IslLitik nlggah lie knowed " 


glalalion that be »ua Lulled t<> the presidency 
of the National I.eagin- in 'M2 and tilled tin- 
poaltlou for two ytsors. It will be new* to 
nt least the ulblcllc world to learn that Mr. 
Mill> is n gradiinic nf the Law School of Co- 
liiiubiii College lit Washington, being admit- 
ted to the Ikir m the Supreme Court nf the 
District of Colutlllnu so long ago 04 '(9— an 
relucation dial lias strengtbeired hi* natural 
Jegislalire ability to no small exlniL Mr. 
Mill* is a man of innrked executive power, 
whidi hr hritigx to licnr on whatever he un- 
dertake*, Iw It btuiiira* or spurt. He fauo 
recently been elected president of the New 
Yolk Atbkllc Club. 


A MYS'lJCRY. 


t>-.i] BfliKU «r I U« bsuwwss madlctM* olttn lltvrally 
pourni iuU> It rur the iU}>pMiliis rrllrf ejqwfnU, 
hwr cooii-liiiit. cuiuilpsll-». rbsanuMsm, *nd c«a*r 
■ilmciiu, is » 1117 WW 7 , The mlwhlef iaut itj b*d 
uiollclae* is KUttl; I*** Ilian Elist csa>cd by .Unw, 
If ttwv nl.) are we*L, bllluus, oiiisUjiatud, 

or laenmstk-, wcoJJ edeoer tw K-ui.il Uy Uw «X|xtl- 
onrM of Invalids who bare Uvjeuuahly iv.M Uuotet- 
Ur's Slow.* RIUt., they wool* in Cv.rj loscauce 

“hut* It* aiKiKlIc-i iA ileriraWe <Nm rational w.xt. 
kstioa. This unSllniT is s srarrblni anil at tbr 
tame tlino s ttiuiiioirfal; rat., remedy, dtrltod from 
wertabte w-urcre, ini pawsuaing, In e-ottguctus uf 
Its basis of i-.ifv tplr.is, piopettlrs m a medic In tl 
stliniilH.it nut lu U t valid In she (twy Kw.l bRttn tod 
<llmuli.au cill*ii mw.«l tn hy ;Ue OrUliu 4 «l, dye- 
l^y.lc, aud lmfiild.-Mrfr-l 


KWIL TM!U TO TDK NCIHC t«AST VIA 
ranSTLIUU EULKOiB. 

The early spring always attract* the tour- 
ist, and of late veurs many travel I cm who 
have neglected llu lf own country for Euro- 
pean wanderings have lierri hmught to some 
sense of renlizatlou of lire wondere of Uicir 
own oountry, and have profited bv vitilitq. 
and informing llreniselvcs of it. An ocean 
voyage boa its many iJLvucf vantage, which do 
not attach to the Fvhtisy Ivunia Hailroad's per- 
aonally oohiluctcd tours to the Golden Gate 
The magnificent Nfutibulc I'ullman l'alaco 
Thuds are luxuriously equipped and niaDOtsl 
by the nw*t cfflck'Dl crew*. The tourists nr.? 
under tire tharge nf » Tourist Agent aud 
t 'lupcrnn, atsd have at their call for ready 
cervioe U ladies’ timid, a stenographer, and 
typewriter. The two remaining tours will 
b-ave New York. Thuradny. March Jflib, and 
Tuesday, April 14th. and the round trip rules 
will Ire ♦375 and rpMtectlvriy. The 
later tour will U.- mu iiu Funhuid and Ta- 
coma reluming. The rate Includes Pullman 
accotnmndmkm*, menls ra rv«l# going and 
returning- ilx side trips, and x verul nirriagc 
rides For ttttrenriea tutd space application 
should he made without delay to Geo IV. 
Boyd, Assislaot General I’assenger Agent, 
I'hlludelphia, or to Tourist Agent, i’cnnsvl- 
‘tuiiu Railroad t .inipanv. 23» Kouth Fourth 
Mreet. I'bihidelphia. or M4!t Bruadway, N, Y. 
—l-idr. | 


Ktw. WINstJOWb MOOTIIINti aVRl'P 



BIWJWN "»1 HRoVHUt.lL TROOITRS 



Was* ratijr was «kh. «• in'* tor f sMatM, 

Wh- ( w •'• » < hi W. (lie (iM lor Culaut, 
Wliuu « An Us* LIMMira, she ckie corn. CmiuHs,- 

U*.] 

BROWN'S IIOt'SKIlOLI) PAN ACS*. 
"TUB OHKAT PAIS RELtltVXIL" euti* 
oM:e. icoO.; ill [slus- 2* cl*, a UHtte.— IJilr.] 


uk Lvov* pEKrtrr tootii Powiiir. 
WLIUU* IL* lac ill **4 i-anltra U* tuuuU. JOt.— JASr.J 


An. Man of tl* ilellcadci of tba UMs me A>- 
)u*vras Bcnscc l» Hvur* * coo 4 d^aMluli.— (S J*,J 


( »•» Am* |lcreiH>Ha“* pMfuiwUist never rloyc. 

but l> bIk**« Ituk" Hold by si; drugcUla 1 4 dr, I 


Tan Bret Wont T.«.9g,a fur CliUdrn 
Vnrniil ogi C-jmOU, tftc. i box {4 dr.) 




HARPER’S WEEKLY. 

A D t’*«r/.v; V« ft ,| TKi; 

PiuhI t-Mtr Pace, per line. MCh iDMNIn,, ,t| :J 

Be k Cover Pas-.-, per llur, ruth liip-rrm. ; 

s.r-«4 t'4jv«f Pag., tier Hue, earn riMiliuu,.,.., f rs 

Ttiild Coe*r Pill-. , -.or I re, rich Is—ri km I 

Bptri*1 ItNOniE V . peg Hue, e*-'h l^ar't-Ni f tn 


“ " « | B W t V -W., WtttllB IKU war, of the 

“ “ •* tnwrttouw sAiaiu iwjw, ofllui 

" *■ HO tvL— HV Jim... 1 .-/J * 

tPl -./IW/jW, ttt 

UAKITK A fiROTIlERS, Saw Yoml 


Digitized t 




lizedbyG 


igle 


THE KILLING OP SIX OF THE ITALIANS IX TITF. YARD OF THE PARISH PRISON IN NEW ORLEANS. 

fwm A *uwrmi HT Cnmn TK] 




218 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO 178ft 


Harpers Magazine for April 


The Behring Sea Controversy. By the lion. E. J. Pan**, 
late Untied Stale* limutrr 1u the Court of fit, 

A mmfieU, ebar. Ami H-tiemnl. « firm ami rmVum <u to 

'.!• ■ y IM1W»M to *ot* r«tir, ami firm nut «• aurAmt* ,u Co mat* A* 

(■uMkoOmi at Mu U me IV treat yurnabeHc --ml ef tV 

The French Army. Bv Ill'll. Jtm Inra Liwai, lute French 
Mini'tor of War, and Ollleer of tire Legion of Honor. I Hum 
train] bv T lie TiicuratP. 

Glimpses of the Bacteria. By T. Mmwru. I’ai fin*. II P, 
Amply illustrat'd. 

The State of Wisconsin. By the Hon. W. F Vila*, United 
Sv nat'ii and «» PufUnastcr-GenmL With nmuetov* 
portraits. 

The Court Theatre of Meiningen. By Dr. Ctust.za W*u> 

•Mia. Director of the American School «i Athens. Itlustrsted 
fnxai iketcluM by the Dim or hxxx-Mxiiilstio. 

Argentine Provincial Sketches. By ham i'nun. II- 
lintratrd by T. i>x TMOumcr. 

Thomas Hood, Punster, Poet, Preacher. By the Right 

Hev. IV. T. C IH in.tv, lb*bo|> of Kralucky. 

Fiction: WEfiSKX FOLK. Pari II By Tsowa* Hasiit II- 
lurtrated hr Ciiiota* Uriki.—IN THE ''STRANGER PEN- 
PLK’ST’ COUNTRY. Part IV By ttukuti Boancr Ctun- 
nocz. Illustrate!) lit W. T. Amur. — SHORT STORIES l»y 
Maiki*kkt CaoSBT and Aiaiauae Teat. 

Poems by Willum Witraeo I’awmii ami Axate Pikiha 

Precedence in Vanity Fair. A full. page illuMrotkm. drawn 
by Omasa pc Mourn. » 

The KDITORIAL DEPARTMENTS, conducted by Oenaox Wtu- 
ran Ccims, Wiiuau Hits Ilowrus, and Citaaixs Dculkt 
Waiuiik, cvutaiiiinn an imu*aally attractive list of cvuleuU. 


Harpers Bazar. 

EASTER NUMBER, PUBUSHED MARCH 27. 

A ait! eoutaiu Murid be Uaar E Wilkiii, H*wn.rr>v Omkkit. 
uuif lUuun PacM iirr SruemiutL »M ijwij/ iHaMralmni by 
■aviso R. Witte and WlLLaan L. Mwi'tLV ; nrlin'n mu i tkrtrtue 
by Pa c vis J. Drsa, Leer C. Ltuix, Ouvk Tuotsa Millkk, and 
uthrr popular rrilin. TKt fiuAiim arHeha and iltuelratioui in- 
c/nde evening and ritHiuy evmtrmet by W inni, dram* /or HaSIUUi'B 
Baiaa in 1‘mrw. Tim Xomlnr n at I'iyAf at lit mourn, and it 
fxrvwM by ttu Ruler t/itril, 

ITdlimikd ur HARPER it BROTHERS, New You 


No. 1788. 

Harper’s Weekly. 

with count. a m> MimnmT cortaiktnb 
tt.MranuTioxa ami i>tstcitU'rtu9i up "tub 
MCAKAOLW CAXAL.” 


IK 111* i III TOtTH A lOPT.-f 4 00 A 1 1 III. IS ASVAXtt. 

Subw'i/inmt my begin n nib any Suntbtr. 


EX-MINISTER PHELPS AND THE SEAL 
FISHERY. 

M R. E J. PHELPS, our late Minuter in England, 
contributes an article on the Behring Sea con- 
troversy to the April number of Harpkr'r Maoamsk 
tv I i id i is a brief but masterly review of the whole sub- 
ject. It is one of those candid and comprehensive 
statement* which are conclusive arguments, and no- 
thing that we have seen will do tillin’ to mould a just 
public sentiment upon the question. Mr. PllKUi* 
points out that the Alaskan seal fishery is tin- moat 
important in the world, and that it was one of the im- 
portant inducements upon which the purchase was 
made. The seal is not a sea animal alone, but it is 
amphibious, living upon the Alaskan shore, on which 
it breeds. To successful breeding, seclusion is essen- 
tial; and this is obtained by crossing the sea to the 
Pribyloff Islands, which are a part of Alaskan terri- 
tory. The crossing takes them beyond the three mile 
limit from each shore, and it is upon this passage that 
they are shot from the Canadian iv«l» tilted out for 
that purpose. There is no doubt that in buying 
Alaska we bought the seals that inhabit its shores, 
and the only question is whether the United States 
have a right to protect their property, or whether the 
fact that the destruction of the property lakes place on 
waters which are claimed to bv open sea gives immu- 
nity to its destroyers 

When the depredations began and the facts were 
ascertaimd, our government pn>|xned to < Irani Brit 
ain a convention, in which Russia should be invited 
to join, limiting the sesison of the year ill which seals 
might be taken, and prescribing a clow season during 
which they should not be molested. England, with- 
out any assertion of a Canadian right to destroy the 
seals in the manner coinpluined of, promised its con- 
currence in the proposed convention, and Russia was 
at once invited to jotit, and engaged its concurrence. 


But Canada, without interest in the preservation of 
the seal*, and finding ita present profit iu their ex ter 
initiation. refused to agree to the restriction. and as the 
British government could not persuade Canada, the 
project of the cou vention was abandoned. These are 
undisputed facts. The laws of all civilised nations 
accord to all iunocent animals useful to man protec- 
tion during the period of gestation, and such wanton 
destruction as that of the breeding seals by Canadiun 
vessels is therefore repugnant to the good under- 
standing of civilized states. But as such destruction 
exterminate* a large and valuable property— which is 
actually rapidly perishing, tin; number of skins having 
fallen by reason of the Canadian destruction from a 
yield of 100.000 during Ihe years following 1870 to 
21,000 in 18!R) — why should not the protection which 
humanity demands for the seals be given by the gov- 
ernment! Theouly plea for the extermination is that 
it is prosecuted upon the open sea, which is free. Mr. 
PH ELF'S says that if Mr. Blaise's contention be cor- 
rect, Hint by treaty* right of jurisdiction has been re- 
served to the United States, of which he thinks the 
evidence very strong, the ease is concluded. But if 
this be not no.and the sea be open, what is the freedom 
of the ana l 

Mr. PnKLIK'tt elucidation of this point is a model of 
fair reasoning, and his conclusion is irresistible that 
just personal and property rights are as sacred at sea 
as on shore, and that the seals upon their passage to 
the islands are the property of the United States is 
incontestable. This principle has been asserted by no 
nation more frequently or resolutely than by Great 
Britain. The instance cited by Mr. Bi.aim: of tin* 
British prohibition of the hovering of ship* about 
the island of 8t. Helena, and other instnnres men- 
tioned by Mr. UlAlfiK. are justified by Mr. Phelps. 
who cites the case of the Caroline > in 1837 as another 
illustration, They all rest upon the principle of in- 
ternational law which subordinates abslraet indi- 
vidual right upon the high seas to important national 
rights and interests. Gn at Britain has never asserted 
the right of the Canadian ships to do what they 
urn doing despite the necessary consequences. Mr. 
Phelps at the time of writing his article, some time 
ago. was of opinion that arbitration would not avail, 
and that there were but three methods of settling the 
question: lirst, by stopping the destruction of tlie 
seals; second, by conceding to the Canadians the 
right u> destroy our property; third, by continuing 
the discussion. during which and very soon the matter 
will be removed from controversy by the extermina- 
tion of the seals. In the course of Ida article Mr. 
Phelps remarks with great force that a nation wilt 
never be formidable in diplomacy when its govern- 
ment iu its negotiation* with foreign | lowers is not 
sustained by its own citixeus. Very little has been 
priuled in this country in defence of tlie contention 
of our government, but much ability and learning 
have ln*?n devoted to show that our government is 
wrong. I f it be so. tlie controversy should be at once 
abandoned. But if it be right, the country should 
support its government. Such international contro- 
versies ought not to lie made questions of domestic 
jiolitics. Mr. Prelim is n Democrat, but lie says 
frankly that Mr. Blaise has presented our case in re- 
gard to derivation of right* from Russia with an 
ability, fulness, and clearness leaving nothing to be 
added, liix paper is an admirable illustration of the 
tone and tein|ier in which great public questions and 
international differences should be discussed. 

THE MAFIA. 

No recent event in this country is so startling as 
the massacre of the Italians in New Orleans. The 
circumstance* are now familiar.. A secret Italian 
society, the Mafia, sworn to destroy such victims as 
may be selected, exists in that city. The chief 
of police engaged in discovering and baffling its 
crime* was murdered by it, according to the general 
belief. Tho accused Italians were tried, and de- 
spite what was held to lie conclusive evidence, were 
acquitted by what was supposed to lie a bribed, or 
more probably a terrorized jury. This result was 
generally felt to be a miscarriage of justice which 
imperilled the city, aiul a meeting publicly called 
and luhlnciwcd by reputable citizens ended iu tlie at- 
tack of a inob upon the prison and the massacre of 
the acquitted Italians. This was followed in turn by 
the emphatic approval of the press and of llte chief 
business assoriaiions of the city, and by a demand 
of the Italian Minister upon our government to pro- 
tect Italian subject* in New Orleans, and by tlie re- 
quest of the President to the Governor of Louisiana 
to co operate with him in maintaining tho obliga- 
tion* of our government to that of Italy. 

Bucli a transaction is the confession that civilized 
order and legal government have failed; and iu New 
Orleans, as against the Matin, this seem* to be true. 
Tlie sole justification of such an outbreak is, like that 
of revolution, that all jieuceful retirees is hopeless, 
and that further endurance of the situation is worse 
than the couaequeuoe* of violence. In revolutions, 
however, whoever resorts to violence takes his life in 
his hand by opposing himself to armed authority. 
But iu this transaction the violence fell upon unarm- 


ed prisoner*. The plea was that when they ceased 
to lie prisoners the power of the Mafia for crime 
would be immensely increased, und that the summary 
death of the prisoners would both prevent the deaths 
of many more innocent persons und preserve the or- 
der of the city, This seems to be the general convic- 
tion in New Orleans, and it is improbable that any 
person, however clearly implicated in the massacre, 
would be convicted of crime by u jury. This fact 
shows how critical the situation i* felt to be. It is 
evidently thought that the administration of justice 
in New Orleans cannot la? trusted, and that assassins 
must be taught unmistakably that bribery or terrori- 
zation to secure control of juries and courts will not 
secure immunity for crime. A gentleman familiar 
with New Orleans says that the Mafia exercises a ter- 
rorizing influence over the reputuble purl of the com' 
tuuuity vastly more potent than tho influence exer- 
cised by the laws of Louisiana upon tlie ruffian. 

It is certainly an extraordinary fact that a conspir- 
acy of foreign criminals ha* so completely overawed 
and paralyzed society iu New Orleans that the city 
could saved to order and law only by a temporary 
resort to barbarism. There must be a remarkable 
and culpable want of public spirit in a community 
where such a result i* {lOBsible; a want so great as to 
suggest the doubt whether such a community is ca- 
llable of self-government. In New York, even with 
the long und skilful and elaborate frauds and bribery 
of tlie courts and the press and personal violence, the 
ascendency of the Tweed Ring was overcome by legal 
and orderly means. It seemed sometimes iiit|KNuuble 
to escape some form of violence to prevent the con- 
trol by tlie Ring of the government both of tlie city 
and the Btate. But law and order prevailed. In the 
event at New OrleatiB. although the disgrace is na- 
tional. the responsibility for redress lie* with the Btate 
alone. It will be interesting to see whether the en- 
ergy ami renoluthm which dealt so fatally with what 
was called by tlie lender of the attack upon the jail a 
miscarriage of justice will now address thenm-lve* to 
preventing justice from miscarrying. If this bloody 
assize* drives crime to its lair, will it be kept there by 
the name force upplind to legal and orderly govern- 
ment! If not, tlie Mafia will have triumphed. 

MR. GLADSTONE AT KIOHTY-TWO. 

A steciai. correspondent of the writing from 

Loudon, savs ilmi tin? general election, “unices sJl signs of 
the Utn™ are misleading, will land Mr. Gc.AnsrnxR and bis 
colleague* on the Treasury Bench. " This is probably the 
genera, upliilou In England, and It Is tlie cerCuitj rorecaat of 
* complete i-unngi- in th>? ichitiotis of England and Ireland, 
‘•ronvertfng Ireland." ns Mr. Gl-ArwTOJtK has Just said in a 
speech at I Lutings, "inti, a blessing and source of strength 
to England instead of a smiroe of emliurrsKimenL" 

Tlie general anticipation of the result allows also (list 
during the great politk-ni coutest of the last six years Mr 
Olaimtosk ha* been constantly gaining. He hits wrought 
a change, and a radical change. In English opinion. It is 
doubtful whether any English sutcsiwin has achieved a 
grrnter personal triumph than Mr Ot.Aorrosx's return to 
power would lie. The situation enhances the importance of 
the Hastings speech, iu which he said 

“If there had tiero no iltroroe rereUlMns, hlBn* nil* would 
Imre rniwnt making Mr. 1’xkstt.l. the niiiatltutional ruler of Ire- 
land; but after the revelation*, the Liberals constderiNl whether 
they would Mill place llte cuuslllutional leadership in Mr P»a- 
ssu-’s hviul*. and they dreidtd that they won . I not do it. [Pro- 
longed rtwvnug ] That aiaa the restriction of the Liherul (tarty 
in Dccernlier, bikI their conTietlon is now even more struuiity 
liehi. (I 'beer* ] That i* final. \V« an- ready to face defeat, 
cxcluaior. from power, ond political misfortune; but wc will not 
er>«te a own titu Uon *1 leadership ft* 1 rebind under such guidance. " 
(Cheers.) 

He said that the parly hod always followed tliojend of 
tlie majority, and that tin? majority had pronounced against 
I'aKKKI.l, and it is far tlto people of Irclnnd to decide wheth- 
er they trill support the party. It Is the party to which alone 
the) call look fur a happy issue of the situation, aud should 
they ml here to 1'arsp.i.i,. they would defeat themselves. Mr. 
Gt-annom's ipMcIi was unequivocal, and It w« timed to 
coincide with the opening of the I‘aiucki.1. crusade in this 
country It ia impossible not to look with wonder and sym- 
pathy and ndmirution at the public activity and energy of 
this Englishman in his eighty-second year. 

ROADS AND ROADMAKING. 

A NliiNincANT sign of the great and universal public in- 
tenat in good roods, which ia a public concern of the utmost 
importance. I* the publication of a volume of mwjt upon 
roaulainnkliig aud maintenance and road lnws by a commit- 
tee of eminent citizens of Philadelphia. The volume ia tlie 
result of prize* offered hy the committee, of which Mr Wil- 
liam: II. Rtnrax wa* chslnnsn. The prize* and honorable 
mention were awarded through tlie University of Pennsyl- 
vania, which warmly enenuntgrd tin- movement, Professor 
I.rwis SI llAt rr, of tin- Chair of Civil Engineering in liter 
university, tn-iug secretary of the rominitlee. 

These mime* and facts show the diameter and auspices 
under which the volume tins been prepared. It Is n serious 
and able contribution to the science of rood making It to 
practical, theoretical, and historical, and it is exceedingly 
interesting to the vast majority of the people of the l.'nilcd 
Status, who are painfully familiar with hud roads, and wlio 
are taxed enormously to pcqietuate their borinem from year 
to year. Our ualianid good nature, which ba» always toler- 
ated the thirteen tli passenger iu the omnibus, and always 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


219 




stand* 1° * car rather than disturb the valise upon 

the i*»t wUirli U umirp«. submits with nil unpratMtlng ac- 
quiraccoc* which In both ludicrous and exasperating to ilic 
wont sysMm of raniU in Christendom. 

lu tbit Pennsylvania volume the merits of every system, 
and especially the two prominent xyMcinn, the TkleoRD 
ami Mat so aw. are fully and most intelligently discuurt]. 
Ttore is not a village library in tlie country which ought 
not at once to obtain a copy, or a dozen copies, of tills mint 
uni, oor a public spirited villager or citizen who should not 
give his days and nights to It until they have secured good 
rends. If be is to to accounted a public benefactor who 
makes a tree grow where now grew before, what civic 
wreath Is tine enough for him who turn* the Bahama ami 
bogs and watercourse* now known ax reads into highways 
worthy of our freedom, our wealth, our enterprise, and our 
cir lUxation? 


THE LAUGIILIN AMENDMENTS. 

TtlR LaIomun ameoilmrntx to the Constitution of New 
York propose certain changes suggested liy experience 
which promise results at which patriotic men of atl parlies 
aim. Parties and pally spirit are Inevitable In popular gov 
ernnenU. But Utoae who bold most closely to l be desira- 
Witty of such forces in the community also xee most clearly 
that it is equally desirable for tire same end— uamely. the 
politic welfare — to discriminate in their application, and to 
limit ttiein to their proper domain. 

That municipal government, although hitherto abandoned 
to party control, should be free from the control of Stale und 
national politics is a conviction which spreads rapidly among 
Intelligent citizen*. This ia not surprising, because under a 
system of absnlute pnrtitan control municipal government is 
the acknowledged failure in American institutions. and there 
are constant effort* to dispense with it, and place city admin- 
istration on a simple husinrM basis. This result will lie fa- 
vored by the LaI'umlin amendments, which provide for 
tabling Stale and national elections in llte even years and 
local elections lu the odd year*. This course will at |r*« 
prevent the total subotdiuatlou of local Interests to those of 
national party success, against which tto welfare of a city or 
town would be Impotent. 

The Lacmiimk scheme also lengthen* the term of Assent- 
Wymen to two year*, and of Senator* nnd Htato nfltccre to 
four year*. By enhancing the length ol the term, and con- 
sequently tlte dignity of the oilier, (hove who are fully quali- 
fied to discharge its duties will be altrarted to public life, 
while tlx- reparation of uatioual and local elections into dif- 
ferent years will bring out the usual vote at the tuuttl time 
of election. To these luitemlmc-ot* tlte City Hefonn Club 
iwopnte* to add one providing for biennial session* of lire 
legislature. which I* now die provision In more than thirty 
State*, and is entirely approved by their experience. This 
HtneDdmrnt i* wholly distinct from those of Senator I.ATOH- 
1.IX. But the sclirtne eom|>ri*e* changes which are reason- 
able, ami w hich will lie undoubtedly approved by intelligent 
public opinion. A bearing wilt beheld by the Senate Com- 
mittee on the Judiciary ns this paper Is issued. and the caw 
will he tbeu fully opened. 


THE “AIR GARDEN." 

The grotesque project of erecting a second story for Bry- 
ant Hark ou the reservoir la Fifth Avenue and culling it an 
air garden, a* If Brymit Park were not Itself, like all parks, 
an air garden. passed tho Am— M y very rapidly. But its 
pa Mage gave form ami reality to what hail not Iteen re- 
garded as a serious proposition, and a loud and strong pro- 
test was nt out* raised. Public parks ami gardens und play- 
grounds sre very desirable in every great city, and Ute State 
bus provided fur such breathing-space* In New York. But 
there is reason in roasting an egg. If hundreds of thousands 
of dollar* are to tie »pent fur n new park nr garden, let It to 
placed win-re It i« nooded. anil not in a neighborhood which 
is already supplied. 

On Murray Hill Bryant Park and Ibe reservoir together 
make an admirable breathing - space, although at that par- 
ticular spot such a space Is not especially needed. To double 
the height or the reservoir by building upon it would di- 
minish the area anil value of the breathing space to the whole 
neighborhood, while the other mischievous results have Ism 
fully set forth, and the Bonrd of Health has rondemnnl 
the scheme. Should a building or buildings be erected 
upon the reservoir, they would be bouses of refreshment, 
and the result is accurately described a* a beer-garden. The 
bill docs not provide expressly for *uch a resort, but it is not 
forbidden, and nobody doubt* what such structures would 
become. 

It Is hardly possible that the proposed work will lie au- 
thorized by the legislature, and it Is unquestionable that if 
a new park were to lie opened in Ibis city, the must Intel- 
ligent opinion of the city would suggest some other site. 


LEGISLATION AND LIQUOR. 

The defeat In the New York legislature of two hills in- 
tended to facilitate the uric of intoxicating liquor is a ill* 
tinrl victory for good order. But nnolher bill of the same 
kind it pending, mu] it is not yet lime to rejoice as though 
the victory were complete. The good result tint* far is due 
to cause* which show the unconscious change in our insti- 
tutions. 

The Legislature Is theoretically the representative of the 
people. It is a device by which tin- majority of live peo- 
ple, who cannot personally attend tn the duties of legis- 
lation, secure the emlssltment of their will in law. But 
nothing is more familiar than the fact that legislation upon 
any important subject is now procured only bjr the per- 
sonal appearance and argument of a few persons especially 
interested, and of agent* employed by them to advocate tbe 


action which they desire. These private agents, especially 
employed for the purpose, do the work which, under the 
theory of our system, the members of the Legislature arc 
elected to do. Besides this, there are large private volunta- 
ry association* organized to supervise llte interests of certain 
politic objects, without whose constant vigilante and activ- 
ity proper legislation for those object* could not lie secured. 
In the pmeut case, except for the action of the Excise As 
social lou tn this city, and Use petition of the Catholic clergy, 
the mischievous liquor bills would not have been defeated. 

This situation is not surprising. Let any man look over 
tto list of the representatives of this city in the Legislature, 
and see how much they represent the intelligence and char- 
acter of Now York, and ho may surmise what kind of gov- 
ernment they would give in the city if left to Ihrir unassist- 
ed knowledge and ability. The theory that anybody in a 
republic can discharge any public duty as well us auy body 
elxe » totally disproved by our eX|N.-rieuce. It might not he 
beyond the truth to say that very few Assemblymen ant 
know n to the majority of tbe people who vote for them, and 
tbe fact is both curious and suggestive. 


GOOD READING. 

The April number of Harper's Monthly i* peculiarly 
interesting and characteristic. We have mentioned else 
wto-re the valuable paper of Mr. PnKi rs.ex-Mlnisier to Eng 
land, on the Behring Sea controversy. Tto State of Wis- 
consin is felicitously treated by one of its most distinguished 
citizens, Ute newly elected Senator, nnd late P>»tm**Ul- 
General and Sec r etary of Lhe Interior. Senator Vila* pay* 
friendly tribute to bis official predreeatorx front bis own 
Slate — Timothy O. Howe, Alexander IV. Randall. 
James R. Doolittle, anti Matthew H. Carpenter-— and 
the other conspicuous citizens of Wisconsin. and his histori- 
cal and industrial summary of tbe State is very attractive 
and interesting. The article is a worthy pendout of that 
upon Iowa by tlie late Justice Mim.rh 

Mr. Tiikijikiiik Chilii'h paper in thn Smith American ae- 
ries, " Argentine Provincial Sketches," is very timely, and 
bU skilful touch is always effective. Hr. Waukteix's 
article upon "The Court Tlwwtre of Mefnitupen " opens n 
fresh field with an accomplished band. All ttore article* 
are amply illuMrnlrd.a* i» Dr. Pri dden * "Glimpses of tbe 
Bacteria, " ami General Lkwai.V od "Tbe French Army." 
Bisiiop D t'i> lev's paper on "Thomas Hood." Mlta Mar- 
oaHRt Ciiuxnr's tale, “ Don Carlo*." ami MU* TEAL'S 
■' Murk Kenton," with the continued stories by Charles 
Eoueet Craddock and Thomas 1 1 ah or, and the poems by 
Mr* Annie Fields and W. W. Campbell, complete a voried 
and delightful Maher of the Maaaim 

The Harters are Issuing al*o a seta* of "Tlie Queen's 
Prime Minister* brief biographies of the statesmen wIki 
for fifty years have governed England, Threw volumes of 
the series ure published— t/ird JMItairiic, Sir Robert /W. 
aud Lard llrtwu tJbJd —and a clear idea of tbe course of 
British politics tor the lost half century mn nowhere bn ob- 
tained more readily and agreeably than in these attractive 
little volumes. 


SAVE THE BATTERY. 

The scheme for seizing more of the Buttery for the use of 
the Elevated Railroad will lie powerfully urged lu the Legis 
Ittluro, and it is of a kind which experience lu* shown to be 
alarming. The plen is specious. It is that tho mean* of 
transit In the city are inadequate, and that no effective 
relief Is practicable for many mouth* uml consequently that 
the present facilities must be enlarged a* rapidly as possible 
That may be true, Imt It is not n reason for giving to an im- 
mensely wealthy corporation a piece of public property ex- 
pressly set upart for puhlic health and recreation, when other 
|trnperty as soitnblc can be tmugiit by Ute company. 

There can hr always a plausible pretence for occupying 
all live porks for private gain under a name of public bene- 
fit. Tbe Battery la n small park, but it is open directly to 
tbe sea-breeze, ami for popular aud healthful resort tbrrc t* 
none more desirable or more popular In tbe city. The Le- 
gislature n«d ho in no doubt tbnt the most Intelligent opin- 
ion of the city b opposed to tbe scheme. 


A MISLEADING PACT. 

A correspondent In Obln calls attention to a statement 
which we have made In common with many others, amt al- 
though in itreif true. It is ye* entirely misleading, amounting 
to a mpprtt**- reri. The stntcment i* that Mr. McKinley 
wns defeated at the late election. This Is true; tat the as- 
sertion conveys the impression that be wns not supported by 
the usual percentage of bis constituency, which is not true. 
On tlie contrary, he wa* warmly supported hv tlie popular 
vote, gaining considerably In his district, and he wns defeat- 
ed ooly by a gerrymander. 

The mere fset of his defeat in a contest waged largely 
upon lire merits of the bill that ltrars bis name was so sig- 
nificant that it bus been generally mentioned without regard 
to the actual circumstance* in the district, and our corre- 
spondent I* justified lu recalling (toss circumstances. Ho 
knows, of course, that had Mr. McKinley been re-elected, 
tlm general result and meaning of the election would liave 
tosst the same. Interpreted by tlie fair canon* of our elec- 
tion system, the result wss, a* we have Mated It to lie, n xig 
nal rebuke of tlie administration. 

The interpretation or a popular election can never In* ex- 
act. but its general meaning is often unmistakable. If the 
country hail cordially approved the McKinley hill and the 
elect iou bill, and the general course of the administration, 
our correspondent will hardly doubt that tbe mult would 
lure two very different. There can be no more question 
that the action and drift of the Republican Congress were 


rebuked at tlie poll* in 1 POO than that a general and profound 
distrust of the Democratic party was exprened by ttoi elec- 
tion of 1*72, But till* fact does not palliate any uufalr statc- 
rarnt like (hat of which our correspondent complains. 


LA W RENCE B A RRKTT. 

The death of Lawrence Barrett, after a few days' ill- 
ncM. ho* deprived the American stage of nn actor and a man- 
ager who " strove mightily," and who had (bat genius of hard 
work which is too little appreciated. Mr, Barrett had al- 
most everything against him at the outset. But be overcame 
ill health, a lack of higher education, a luck of money and of 
friends, and secured nil of these excepting health, winning 
much bonornblo esteem and a place which it will lie very 
hard to fill. Ilo was not a great actor, but he nevertheless 
did more for the stage titan many an who bad talent, or 
even genius, greater than bis, but who made nothing of it. 
The plays Mr. Bamhktt produced were always of a high 
order, nnd his eodeavur* went always a little above ratbrr 
than bent to the popular taste. The crime lies not in fail- 
ure. but in tlie low aim, as Mr. Lowell tells us, and Mr. 
Barhett aimed high, nnd did not fail. An excellent like- 
ness of the actor, from a painting by John S. Sahoknt, wa* 
given in IlAnrr.it'* Wekki.t of March 14th. aoooapanied 
by a full bingmpliicnt and critical sketch from the pea of L 
A. Dim hah. 


PERSONAL. 

CtuunTN Kaltenbach, who has just died at Dnbuqoe, 
Iowa, at the age of aevcuty-elght years, apparently had 
good grounds for considering himself the oiliest ]>nxtm.-iM- 
ter in the lulled Stole*. He was appointed by Prewideul 
Pir.ltt.-x, anil ha* held the o fit re rsmtiiiuonsty ever since. 

— Ill health and financial straits have unbalanced tint 
mind of ANN* Dickinson, wro the brilliant leetnrer. It 
is Inqml, however, that the removal of care and worry w ill 
restore her, atul kind friends are endeavoring to bring 
about tbe condition* for recovery. 

— General Miles, tlie Indian -lighter, ia going to Mexico 
ou a leave of nlmence. 

—A. Miner Griswold, a well-known humorist and lec- 
tnrer, ia dead at the age of fifty-six year*. He was au 
intimate friend of Charles 1'. Dnowxk (An emus Ward), 
and his pen name was "Tire Fat Contributor.” 

— A toll that formed a |wrt of the loot which Napoleon 
1. carried from Switzerland now hangs In a school. I kiom 
nt Pntrraon, New Jersey. It I* mode «f silver and copper, 
noil is supposed to he several hnndred jenia old. 

— Ex-I'remicr t’lilnM.of Italy, Anils the law a profitable 
profession, an Italian steam-ship company having engaged 
him as conturl at nu iiununl salary of fsi.000 lire. 

- Mira Nannie IUyaiio, tbe youngest daughter of *x- 
Rccroiary IUyard, is to marry Count Isiwkniiai rv, of 
Sweden, who has been studying ship-bnitdlug iu Wilming- 
ton. Delaware, amt is tolr to a Urge estate in his own 
country. 

— Tlte Legislature uf Washington proposes to change tho 
name of Mount Rainier, one of the tallest peaks In tho 
Stale, to Mount Bberman, in faoiHir of the dead General. 

— Senator 1'r.rmt, of Kunstu, hits had each of his sight 
children, three of whom are girls, learn a trade. Type-set- 
ting seems to liave toeii most popular with them, although 
one da tighter has Altai' herself to become au utiniiiiiensi*, 
and one miu Is a loeomotive engineer. 

—The late Lord Albkmarlr was known as tlie father 
of tbe British House of L-rris, for lie wss its oldest mem- 
ber. Ho wss an intimate friend of tlie I)nke of Welling- 
ton, and was the last of a group wlio always attended tins 
Duke’s nnnnnl Waterloo banquet. 

— Mm. I’. D. OeoooP has been postmistress of North Pe- 
nobscot for the past twenty-eight years, the araallneaa and 
insignificance of the ofitat, ainl pflmdldy tier sex, sparing 
tor amid the fntnlillra of changing ad ariniat rati Oita. 

— Montreal's new Mayor, Hon. James Mi’Shane. i* fortu- 
nate in baring a la-antiful wife, who is popular with her 
own sex. Her Inthnuico in the city, which admits t»rwi>. 
mail's suffrage at civic elections, not only largely incrwnssd 
tbe women voter* nt the recent election, but atoi brought 
their katlots to her hu*l>atol. 

—The legal adviser of the Miktulo of Japan is IlENttr 
w. DHHm, who formerly lived in New l(ajn|»lilro, but 
lias I wen a resident of Japan for twenty-three years. 

— Friends of the late Secretary WlNDoM have ralai-i! 
fSfi.OOO, which will to invested for the benefit of Mrs. Win- 

—Step# recently taken by the British Parliament for llm 
purchase and preservation of Annk IIatiia way's cottage 
and Wilmoote t'nttnge, the homo of Shakespkark'm mo- 
ther, at Htratford-on-Avumare said to bare materially dis- 
arranged the plans of certain American speculators, who 
wanted to transfer tlie relies arrow* the Atlautic. 

- GKiiIUIK W. Smalley, the well-known newspaper cor- 
roapmideiit, has sn fur recoveml from bis recent m-vere III. 
news ns to rewtiiuo letter writing for lire New York Trib- 

—Sir. Henry W. Raymond, private seeveUry to Beere- 
tary TRACY, of the Navy Dapartaient, is nunomicnl to de- 
liver two July lecture* ill the Cbaiilanqua courae tm tbe 
I'm tat States navy. These leelnrcs will be profusely il- 
lustrated with sterenpiiron views, showing the c*ir'itnist 
tot ween vwaoala of the otd type and the new *• Mjuadrun of 
evidntion.” -\fr. Kaymhnd Ims <ontritmG-d some of the 
l- '*t "urtt of his pen on naval affairs to Harerr's Weekly. 

— Alehkd Parsons, whnae iNmdrntlona in Ihms's 
MaiiaUNK have mi long been a source of inspiration and 
delight to tbe Io»era of pictorial art iu America, has won 
deserved recognition a* one of the most ucwmiptishod of 
living Knglish artists. Tim Fine-Art Society of London 
has now on exhibit ion a series of Ills draw lugs represent- 
ing lira “Gardens and Orchard* of Kiigiaud," of w loch 
imuiy words of praise are being spoken by art critics and 
the press, and other* tiest qualified to’ Judge of their 
merits. 



?20 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17S8. 



SENATOR FELTON. 

Tin: Senatorial content that hnx just came to an end in 
California w*» a remarkable one in acvcntl respect*. Tlie 
term of Senator Stanford expired an the 4th of March, and 
nome time since lie wax re-elected Tito death of Senntor 
George IfearsL whose term ran till March 4. ISOS, made it 
Derma ry to rboooo another Senator There wan a large He- 
piiiilimn majority, ami several Republican aspirants for the 
place, There was no agreement on a caucus candidate, and 
It ‘reined for a time that there might lie a dead lock. The 
lending candidate* at flr-t were M. H. I»e Young, proprietor 
of the San Fraiitisco ChrvnMt, and Morrix M. Ester, who 


wax Kuprvwcd. wlielhrr rightly or wrongly, lo represent the 
Stanford « lag of llio party and Uk> SprecKcl* intcrcxt. After 
xovornl Ixillotx, Mr, l>c Young withdrew in fatror of Mr. Fel- 
ton, and on the eighth ballot the latter wax chosen Senator. 

Rumors of briliery in connection with the election were 
rife, and there were'ullceatlmix that the office wax really for 
aalc to the highcxl bidder. When these rumors Brit appear 
ed. Mr Felton wrote at once to the Attorney-General of the 
State.axking an investigation. The Attorney General'* reply 
was to the effect that »o far M he had exnmliM'd Into tlio 
matter, it appeared that neither Mr. Felton nor any other 
candidate had done anything improper. 

The new Senator, Charlo* X. Felton, ia a native of Eric 


(.'utility. New York, and ix in liis fifty ninth rear, lie wax 
one of the " Argonauts" of 49, and made a fortune within a 
few veur* thereafter. He has been Axxixlant United Slate* 
Treasurer and Tretturnr at San Francisco, and has -erved 
two terms in the California legislature. In l»t4 lie wne 
chosen a Representative in C'ongr«-»n from tire Fifth District 
of California, and was re-elected lit 1888. II ix long cxjieri- 
cnce In finance and Ida legislative service have made him 
an advocate of the gold xtnudnrd. and he ix therefore opposed 
to llte free coinnge of Blivet. Mr Felton I* KCugBUMl in 
California ax a man of much ability, ami he goex to the Sen- 
ate tt« a representative not of any msu or any corporation, 
but of tbc Slate of California. 



A FOX DRIVE IN TEN N ESSEE -Draws by E \V. Ktuai-a. -(Siut Pmk 223.J 


Digitized by Google 




UVRCtJ 




HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


221 



mri gcralo lgvpki\c;» 


^ ^ P®*®* i H ** 1 tlkov*d Tltw. was 110 nply, 

■'The Mn gi'rf That in lirr name.” of hi* umrrird sister and id* mother. who lived with her. 

” What new girl?" Hie father bad hern dead many years, and do man hnd ever 

1 a cohl mid drbtxly November night alien The lady broke into a rourirnl little laugh, "My ikar been more complete matter of lit* nir.mmrits thun Gerald 

Mr. Gerald Lovering let himself into hit Gerald, YOU seem to be In a quoMiDiiini; mood tills evening. Leveling. His mother mid *Utrr would I. ill. have Utii glad 

bachelor npartaieni to the Ueiiuvolr. lie I don’t think you cos lie quite awake yet, ant you? 1 came tooee him married, trod often sovxpresred Htrmsrlm. But 

flung off hi* wrt overcoat, dropped lii* lu to look at you for a moment A while ago. uud you were why try to reconcile the fairy pinnacle* and iiiliinretH of it 

umbrella by the grate, amt rang the bell flapping ijuiie roundly." Her fnee Msiliurd A serious ex mir*RC with the wind-blown Wild* of the deoerl? She was 
for his valet. The ring wn* not answered, preasdou, aud site beet n little lowanl him. " I am afraid the soul of hi> dream, ami should dictate all it* drifting*, 
and be xvb* about to repeat the summons, jcni are working too hard, Gerald. You look so tired nod " But it was not iny fault. Gerald." 

when he remembered that loo hiul told pule sometimes llwtl it ibAken die feel like crying. I am glad "Your fault s lull you loved met No ; no more than it 

Edouard he owld have die evening to yon decided not to go to Allainy to-night '* w»* mine that I lovod’you. We have neither of u* any thing 

himself, as Mr. Lovering Ired expected to Gerald still Mt upright, iui elbow no either arm «f hi* to regret." 
lie well on bis way lu Albany by this ebair. dumfounded. Who wn* this singular stul beautiful "No: nothing to regret." 

time. young woman who bad suddenly appeared in hi* parlor, There via a note of patluis in her echo of his words which 

•• A devilish unlucky thing my missing who called him Gerald, ami secured to know of hi* Affairs, ended In a rising luflectiun. giving them ntmosi the sent- 
that H .91 train, "he muttered ' ' No other who recllued now at her ease iu the chair opposite him, 11* bliuice of a ijimmiiou- Her eyc» ngnin naumicd ar-lumbcron* 
now until 10 o'clock; that will bring me though she belonged there, and with the toe of one dnitily dreamy expression, and there wu* alienee between them for 
Into Albany nl 3 . 3 & a. iL—« beastly hour!" bool on live fender, looked dreamily into the lire? He some momenta 

>w tire in’tlie grate. He threw some doubted if h* were awuke- " "Toll me now what you are thinking off" he asked, 

ghling the gas, nud lu a few motueuls it " It's the very oddest thing I ever heard of in all my life:" Hire did not answer him at ooce. then looking up at him, 

v, ana threw out a grateful beat. Mr. be tnunrum-d. said, softly; "I am thinking of a December night tltrai year* 

Ids nut boots, and poked around for hi* “ Wlust j» odd. dear? That I should lie no solicitous?’' ago, of merry jingling boll*, and » vonng mini and a young 

otout a lutndnomelycmluoiilcrrd Japanese (he Mild, withdrawing her eye* slowly front lire Are. " 1 do woman liiAiliigh They are iniigly'wmnprd in fun, and fly 

1 exchanged his coat for It. Wheeling an not think 1 am unduly *0. I only 'don't want you to tire over Urn while moonlit road at a' rapid puce. The cirl u 

L of tlxi grate, lip uni before lire Are, with yourn-lf out working for me.” happy, for she love* the man by her side. Her hand* are 

nler. "Ye*, this is fsr more comfortaWo " Fw you?" clustred round hi* arm. mid when the house* of tin- village 

out long before daybreak," be said. "I'll “Ye*; fot 1 know it is for me you are ambitious far mote are left behind, her bead nestles on bis >b milder, Hi- Imids 

ire. and lake the morning train. " than for yourself, dear Gerald. _ You like to we your wife his Itead down to her car, and though 110 one is lu sight, be 

Ire rose, and turning out the upper gas, well dictted tin other women. You wutii liertoliavea Ireau- whispers, 'Edith!'” 
it n ruby-colored shade, and reached out tifnl home, where she can entertain, and to shine in society." " Edith— her nnmc Is EdllliT" broke in Gerald, 
neb novel on the table A* lie did *0. bn With a rapid, graceful movement (he scat is) herself 011a Low " Yes," sin? auvWered. " He whispers: ' Kdith. will yotl 
■vs letter* lie bud not noticed be fore. Tlifl stool at hi* feet. "Of course 1 would like nil tbnl. dear marry me to-nightT Everything is in tciulincsa. darling, if 
t, aud the siiMracriptlon wna in n familiar Gerald — 1 would not bo a woman otherwise — but, dearest, you will consent. 1 have even engaged n minister. ami lain 
andall's bill, be muttered, and tooicd it von nre more to me timn any of tlre*r tiling* Only Ictwno lakiug you now to hi* house If you say yea, in 11 few 1110- 
ned Tito wound wn* from hi* filler, no have yon every evening In our uwu coxy little home, by menu you will be mine, and in an hour ’we will la< on our 
id Christmas week with her at Tuxedo, our own fireside, anil I shall lie content." way to New York, fan y«« trust me. Edith* See! we nre 

as n heavy square one. arid a* be slipped She took ime of ids bauds iu both of hers, and rubbed her here.' He reins in the hone In-fore a little wooden house; a 

nifi* under the flap of the envelope, be forehead and rhcck against it, in a gentle, meditative fashion, light is shining from the window; the dour opens, ami mi 

ur prise. The letk-r wn* addressed " Mr. which, in spite of Ills aniBtemeut, Gerald found very plea- old man appears. The girl suffer* herself to tic | if tod from 

overing,” “ Wbul a ridiculous mistake!" wot. He looked now at tho graceful contour of Iter bead Utc sleigh and Ictl into the house sr iu a dreiun. In u ijuur- 

Within wo* another envelope of benvv und neck. shaded hv the rippling warm buir, the rnuml llrtn tw of an hour she eiiincs out a wife." 

sued in the Mime manner, and couUiuiug firm and wrist, the daintily shaped bands, which were fond- ‘ That was you?" 

Mr. Maynard Caldwell and Miss Hc-len ling bis own at this moment, and he cuuld swear that he "Yen." 

I, on-ring took up the envelope ovale. bud never (van her lief ore in hi* life. " And the mao?" 

L-lirioudy happy that be thinks evcrylwdy Then siuhtenly remcmberiDg the wedding curds, be knew “ Have you forgotten Ilia! night?" 

esaul. for certain what had happened He had fallen asleep In " You trusted him then. Kdith; do you trust him now?” 

L-ll was one of bis oldest and moit intimate from of live lire while thinking of Maynard < ahl wi ll's Hlie licni lier face over his Ivand and prcMcd her check 

1 men bail hern bov* together, atul after- marriuge mid the odd mtslake in the mhlrcss of the cards, against It 

1 hovering was tire elder by two yean. und liaii drentnnl Ire wu» miirricil liinun-lf. lie litul trinl la " Atul lie? Has tlie love of agrsid, pure woman made him 
uk ten years ago that Maynard would he imagine wlvat bis wife would bo like, and she hmi come to a happier, better tnaiiT Is he tonsciou* of the lileiMiug Hen- 
mc! ‘ Mrs. Gerald Lovcving * didn't sound him in the form of a beautiful Tinian. He *nt very still, for von mail him, or ha* powvwMon rendered bltn uuniiudful? 

But thst's all pn*t now." fenr be would awake: while the dream lusted, lie wanted to Has Ire ever lorn leas loving than on that night when ire 

ul back on the velvet cushions of lire chair, enjoy it. She lifted her bead, ami looked up into hi* eyes, carried you away?" 

lie lamp-light naM a becoming tinge over "Of what arc you thinking, dear?" He look her face in his two hands, nnd turned it up- 

ired features Ills forehead was high, his * Of you," be answered. word. To his snrptire. Irer eyes were filled with tears. 

ivy-Hdded. his mw straigiil. nnd a law 11 y bhe jirewed lit* iiand gently, "Tire man in a wretch who would bring tears to fuels 

cmded a buiidsnme If railrerwtak mouth. "How long have we men married?" Ire asked. hcnulifiil eyes. Surely lltat mao is nut your hushiuid; it is 

id tlinner I h:ul st tire club to-night." Ire "It will be three year* on tire 5 th of next month," sire out I. Edith?" 

I ha<l to bolt it, only to mire tbnt coo- answered, with a look of flight nuTpriw, "liars you for- "No; it i * not you I weep for Joy, Gerald.'’ 

woodor if I sbnll dine all my life nl clubs gotten. Gerald?" He took her in his arms nnd prewrd a kiw upon lt*f 

"Oh no; only tire day. You know my memory l? flcklc mooth. Hite gently released heraelf. and hiirehing, ruse from 
up the envelope of Caldwell* wedding- about dates. ” lire stixil, nnd nsuiiM*! her former sent hy the table, 

at it long; then stared into (lie Arc. “ I hope not about that one.*' (he raid. “ If tlii* I* 0 (Ifeitm," thought Gerald, ** it is a itmngrlv 

; — Mrs. Gerald— will there ever lie one " Do you think Maynard Caldwell will be as liappy 11* vivid one." Hi* heart wn* Imstiug rapidly. Ills check* und 

.red, "I can imagine irer sluing beside we are ? 11 Ire asked. Ilo wanted to call her by her (mine, hands tingling. For tire Aral time since he bail ls-ronre enn 
loud — ber voice would la* Inw ami musical lie wniMlercd if it was Madeleine. sriiHi* of tlie presence of lire stnaige being opposite hint, ire 

fancy-work in her bauds, softly humming ‘‘Nobody cun be n« happy as wo arc. Gerald." rose from Ida chair. Standing with his buck to the fire, lie 

rould las very i>le-.i*aul " " Have you seen his ranis?" and lac renelird out lib hand surveyed the wall opposite. There were all tliu familiar 

cry warm, ami the while hut cunls made very (lowly for them, lie was afraid a sudden movement objects of bis bachelor u|*sn toeal. His fencing foil* rrnsmxl 
iftdi and wink A little u Ire looked into might awake him. lie almost feared to touch n tangible ob- above little tnlilr, on which stood a Urge picture of « cele 

bniled nitre** and a marble statue of Diiphne. with a faint 
ag all the women I kitowcan I imagine sit- Him took lire envelope, and glancing nt the address, drew line running around the neck, showing where It hail been 
N ( 4 It titeCansdin, or Lwcille Jennings. or out lire cauls. "They are very pretty." she said. " You broken br lming knocked off the table the day lwforr. Tire 
? No; anu- of tlicie. Her name should wnutd like to give Maynard's l<rtdc a nice present, wouldn't head had not tsreu nniuled. but only set ou tire statue. He 
Ldelaidc^and flic should have soft brown you. Gerald T" went to it nnd lifted it off. Then he tost a glance around 

eye*. MndrleiM Lovering— Mrs. Gerald. "Yes." HU eve caught *iglit of tho oUwr letters. “Here the room— at th« liauglnga of Ure window-, ibe divan in 

iut uow that I have wn it written it wcuu i* a note from my si»icr Clara," Ire said. the corner, ami tire India nigs on the inlaid floor. There 

Eh? W'liut* that? Who's there?" A Hule shadow fell across the face between him aud tho was not tho slightest rign of u feminine occupant of the 

the inlaid tl-vor brought him with a start fire-light, room except the toil graceful figure rer lining tn the chnir 

He turned bis bead, and at the »ui« tic -ead bis (lifer's letter again. It was word fir word as before lire fire. He could bear the occasional dull ro»r of 
eared on the other side of Ibe table, within he remembered it. ■' She invite* me up to Tuxedo for the elrvaud train*, nnd lliestently lwnt of the ruin .vr*in*t tire 
hunp-ligiit, the xlender figure of n jmiiig I'brbtuia*," h« snid. window, lie wn* mil dreaming, of llml be was unite cvr- 

il was without covering of any kind, nnd The sAailow drcpenrel. tnin now. He crowed the room, aud stood In-side her, 

a hcnuttful reddish chcsluut color. Her " Bhe «ay» not a word about you" “Edith! ' 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. 178? 


222 


"What is it. Gerald?" 

•• Did you ever bear of a nun fulling asleep 
am) dreaming a dream, and of hi- awaking 
afterward and fltvdlng ■ vr-mhiug mit«s» 
before;, except a figure in his dream. which 
continued lo abide with him?" 

"No," die mid. faintly. “Why do you 
ask that?” 

“Bectmw tliat is apparently w list bos Imp 
pem-d in me. 1 must bavo fallen asleep in 
ibai chair. and dreamed that I wa* married 
to you 1 awake from my dream, and HimI 
you still with me It is very pleasant lo have 
you here, 1 mi« 1 tell you. upon my honor, that 
until to night I never ut you before iu all 
mv life. So 1 am either dreaming or — " 

He Mopped, and regarded her intently. She 
vrns looking ni him with a vague terror in 
her eyes, her fact was pale, ami her under 
lip slightly drawn downward. For a fleeting 
second there wemod something familinr in the 
expression of Hie frightened Upturned face 
Then between him and its pallid Uivrliiicss 
there came the memory of a thin. Iligle bred 
old face — the face of hi* mothers mother 
He rwmeffllwral that when he was a child she 
biul lived with litem, sod that she *m very 
food of her little grandson. always 1 laving 
boxes of *w**is for him in her room lie 
remembered also how on several occasion*, 
when lie went to her room, be found lief sit 
ling verv upright ami fantasticnllv arrayed ; 
a ml she had exclaimed, iu Iter shrill obi voice. 
" Kneel down, and kiss the band of your 
queen ' Gerald Lsd thought It very funny, 
and wauled to play at being grandma s sub- 
ject. and kneel at Iter feet, and could not un- 
derstand why his mother wept, and led him 
front tltc room. Shortly after this hi* grand- 
mother had disappeared from the house, and 
w lie ti Itc asked lor iter, he was told she had 
gone on a visit. She never returned, but be 
knew the did mil die until several years later, 
and although lie had never bei-u told in words, 
hegraduaily.a* ba grew older, came loa know, 
ledge of the fact that Ills gruu<lmutlier'N miud 
was affected. Sometimes, when lie read of 
hereditary Insanity, this memory gave him a 
slightly uncomfortable feeling. 

Just’ now then? seemed u strange connec- 
tion between the withered little old woman 
•tiling In Iter arm-chair amt commanding 
people to kneel at lier feet, and himself 
standing l«fore this beautiful enigma who 
spoke nnd acted a* though site were his 
wife, yet whom fare was unknown to him. 
Nevertheless he said, quite calmly, " So 1 am 
either drenmilig. EdIUl, or I ant mail." 

Slit sprang to her feel, ami laid her band 
no bis lip*. "JlnaX Gerald, duel speak 
like that . you ftiglitcr. me. Oh, Gerald, 
don't you love ute any inure?'" 

•• Loire yout Yes. I hive you very much, 
anil that scents the oddest joirt of it tu me." 

Ashe stood looking into j-r troubled face. 
• text suddenly occurred (a him. 

Where Is tile llt-W girl yOU spoke of WbM 
you first caitui into the room? I should like 
to see her." 

“Shall 1 call her?" 

'• I will, Gerald, if you would like to see 
ber " 

He sat down in hi* oM place Site bent 
over him and touched his forelwwd with her 
lips, then lifting Ik* por iltlroKpaiwcd through 
(lie ad Ji lining room to the door at the luck, 
Olid opening this, called softly. ” Maggie!” 

She called again a little louder, mid then 
he heard the rustle of her garinetiU as she 
paved through t Isa* dtxir. He wailed for 
what seemed IS long time. At 111* end of 
about live minute site went to the door at the 
hack of the second room, and called, " Edith f 
His voire sounded strang* in hi* own ear*, 
and ho listened, bearing nothing. He passed 
quickly into the next two moms. lighting the 
ga* in cnch. There was no one there A 
door opened from the last loom into a little 
trail which contacted with the main ball on 
bl» floor It wn* fastened with a spring 
lock He ope noil it. ami paased through tin: 
dark corridor iuto the brightly llglite*! ball 
without. Tlie elevator was just dcocending. 

•Stop!" he cried. •'Henry, have you 
taken anybody down from this floor?" 

■• Yes, sir. two gentlemen: about ten min 
lllrx ago." 

” You did not take a— a Indy?" 

•*Nn, sir. I saw a bdy In tl*e lower ball 
just before I cmJiMi up this lime, but 1 did not 
raurr her down. " 

••what did sbo look like?” 

-• A tall lady drawn! in black; and wliat 1 
thought was very strange, dr, was that she 
went right out inti* the rain without any urn- 
hrrlkt, at even a Uat,,for sbe was tuirclrtwdod. 

Sons*- one below rang the ball. The man 
drew Ills door to slowly, as though waiting 
to sec if Mr. lowering hsd anything more lo 

say. 

-One moment. Ileury. Did you know 
Ibis lady? Hud yon ever seta her lieforef 
•• No, *ir ” 

Gerald returned t«* Ills room* by list main 
entrance, aud hastily put on his coat and 
•hoc*. lie descended to the street. The 
rain was Mill falling, and a* he stood ai the 
bottom of the Met**-, wat filing tin* ran* with 
their different colored light* pis* up and 
down Broadway, he fell I lie hopelessness of 
trying lo discover where hi* strange visitor 
hsd gone. A policeman Moral on the corner, 
under ao electric light. For a mameni lie 
thought of accosting the tuou. nad inquiring 
if he had t**a her. Tim idea was repugnant 
to him the next instant, and lie wandered up 


and down the street for a while, and then re- 
entered tbe bouse. When be resolved ids 
apiirtment, lie sat for a long lime before the 
lire In the chair slic hail mi in, and poodrnrd 
over tile strange occurrence. The longer he 
thought of It. the more inexplicable did it 
seem liul fur the statement of lb*' tniiii iu 
the elevator that lie had sees » Italy, who 
could have l**n no other Ilian the one w ho 
luii been in his apartment, paw »ut of the 
front door, he would have tried lo persuade 
himself Uml In- bad dreamed (he w hole thing. 
He grew afraid to think of it any longer, nnd 
resolved to go lo bed Opposite IIk' Oreplaee 
was an nlcove, in which was a folding tied. 
The curtains were drawn back Gerald en 
terud this alcove, and threw off Ids dressing- 
gown A* he turned, an object cm llw floor, 
half concealed by the folds of tin* curtain, 
brought from him u loud exclamation of sur- 
prise. He stooped and picked it up, It wna 
a small jet bonnet, to which was nllarht-d a 
heavy black veil. Berate it wn> it link baud 
bag, elicit as are carried by iodic*. 


When eleven o'clock rang out from a 
neighboring church tower. GeruM Lovering 
was still sitting in the sum* attitude Itc had 
kept for l be la*l hour— bis elbows on the ta- 
ble, ids head In his hands— -hiring at lit* bon- 
net ami sstriie! before hint. lie hud not 
touched either of them after placing them 
ttpnu the table, lie fell that site must re- 
turn lo claim them, aud at every sound look 
td toward tin* dour, expecting to *r* it open. 
A few minutes after eleven he heard liurrird 
footsteps on the marble pavement of the hall; 
there was Ute rattle of u kev in the lock, rutd 
he hml barely time t u whisk the bonnet and 
log under tlie low hanging cover of the ta- 
ble. when Edouard buret into the room. 
The man stopped in astonish meut at siglit of 
his master. 

“ Wind do you mean by coming into the 
room without knocking?" demanded Gerald, 
aogrilv. 

" I beg your pardon, sir. I did not know 
you were ut home, I thought you had cone 
away. I heard whim- news from lit* hall-hoy 
as I note iu. sir. which quite upset me. It 
seem* the Count de Alva, on the floor below, 
sir, relumed unexpectedly this evening, and 
found that his apartment hud hero entered, 
ami a number of lliingi of great value taken," 

•• Well, what tlioa?" 

“I was afraid that something might Itave 
happened in your room*, sir. as I undereioral 
yon to say you were going to Alhnnv to- 
night, am! trad given me tlie evening, sir." 

“I did intend to go I changed my 
mind.” 

“Then you have been »t home all even- 
ing. and everything is ull right, ^ir?" said 
the man, inquiringly, 

“ Everything is all right s*> far as 1 know.” 
said Gerald, calmly, Nevertheless a strange 
su-picion wax forming in lib brain which 
chilled Lit heart. 

“ You might take a took around, Edouard," 
be said, carelessly. 

Tbs man bowed and steppe*! quickly into 
the next room. Presently Gerald Itetttd an 
exdaanthMi from ltebimt the portieres, and 
Edouard's pale face appeared between the 
curtain*. 

“I <lo not see your watch with the dia- 
mond monogram in its case, sir. Have yuu 
got it on?" 

••Go liack to my dresser. Edouard, and 
make a thorough anarch. Let me know just 
what you iui», aud don't evtue Iu here until 
I call you." 

" Yes, sir;" and the head was withdrawn. 

Gerald opened the satchel, and putting In 
his ham!, drew out Ills wateb. 

" Your emerald scarf pin U gone, sir: so is 
the one with the ruby set in diamonds' " 

The scarf pins ciropjwd cm the table beside 


the w 


Irh, 


“ Well, wind next?" 

•• I can't tlnd your diamond shirt stud*'” 

•' All right; go mi.” 

"Two wntcli chains, two paint of slccvo- 
buttous. vu ut' seal ring, auil ao opal ring." 

” Well?” 

"That is all you bad. sir, they are all 


• Come in now.” 

Edouard'-* face shone with delight when 
h« appeared from la-hind tlx* curtains, ami 
saw nil l lie missing articles on the table. 

•• Why — why *ir," he stammered. 

“It is all ngltl, Edouard. It reetnt my 
precautionary measure came at a good time 
I gut these thing* togi-tber to night lo take 
litem to my vault In the safe deposit com- 
pany in the morning. I have thought for 
some time it wus not esfv lo keep them 
kero,” 

“Ob. sir, I am so glad, but, sir — " 

“Put them away now. 1 situ going down 
to mil on lb** Count de Alva." 

Two detective* were having the Span- 
iard's room when fit-raid knocked at his 
*l«or. 

“ Mr. I.oVeriHg. you have iKrard of my 
great loss. I suppose.' said tbe count '• It I* 
very good of you lo call. Be oeaud, sir. It 
was a terribly cure >*-<« thing of me to leave 
Hi" dumonil cross presented ute hv Alphnn- 
■o XIII. exposed in my room. A gold chain 
wliicit was w*iro liv my great ancestor, the 
Due ile Alra. on kl» entry into Hru— <N. hits 
lieetn taken also. The rot was trash; the 
lliii- vi-s might keep it all. and I Would pay a 
reward of a thousand pound* for lire return 
of these two precious gem- " 

Gerald Levering wax still deeply under the 


spell of the romance of his adventure. In 
his whirling bruin the fair sweet woman and 
the vulgar malefactor were separate entities. 
In idealising the one he would ignore, a* fur 
a, inoellile. the other. His Ustni trembled a 
little a* be opeurd the bag nnd drew forth a 
heavy gold ebaiu. 

• Is this your property, count?" he asked, 
simply. 

Count de Alva stood motionless; surprise 
nnd joy Seemed to Imre deprived him of the 
power uf speech. But when Gerald pro- 
duced tlie- gleiuning craw, lie seized it and 
pre-HM'l It possUiuulely to his lips. 

"And these other things, count, which 
you ure plensed lo cull tiusli," coat in fled 
Gerald. " are they your*? - ' 

"Mine — they are ull mine!” he hurst out 
" Mr. I A) vc ring, how can I thank you? I 
have do Words; but. sir — " 

Tire count closed his lips r,n tlie oucstvo-n. 
but was unable lo caoces) the curiosity flam 
log iu his eyes 

Gerald said, speaking deliberately, and 
striving to avuid an sppcnriince of forced 
calm. " Bi-tiiruing unexpectedly to mv apart- 
ment this evening. I found cunceoletl be. 
hind tire curtains of art alcove a— n pens si 
in whose possession was this satchel . In it 
I discovered some property of my own. be- 
sides these jewels of yours. The culprit is 
young. I believe — 1 1 tope a novice in crime, 
snd could Id I a pitiful story of enforced mis 
doing. 1 promised on lire raturulinn of the 
stolen articles not to prosecute tire cose, and 
I ask iu a favor, count, your anction of that 
promise. " 

“Your magnanimity is princely. Mr. Lov- 
ering, "replied the Spaniard. with a bow. •• I 
give you my word of honor i diall do no- 
thing except to recall the action I bare al- 
ready taken in tl*e matu-r." 

“ There is nothing missing ?” askerl Gerald, 
os the count turned over the jewels on the 
table. 

" No. 1 And here all that beloii« to roe, 
and more." he aaid. smiling as be held up a 
Venetian chain, in which was ruisnglnl a 

K ir of ladle*' glovr*. They tuemd m luve 
-n bnxtilv taken off ami thrust into the 
bag. Gerald Unshed slightly nl the gleam 
of humor in the couut s enurtemt* smile. 
'• That reminds me.” continued tlie Spaniartl, 
“that the detective* thought they bad dis- 
covered a clew from lit* mail who ran* the 
elevator. He noticed a woman leaving the 
house to-night about whom there was some- 
thing singular. Sire was al<u remarked by 
a gr n tli-nun in the Imiue, tlie man said, ft 
would be wise to nutifr the officer- at once 
that ror property Iu* hr*n ratoreil to me. 
otherwise tbt* Indy may suffer some annoy- 
ance, Am I not right, Mr Lomtng?" The 
count swiftly pencilled a message, xml struck 
tlie hell. 

“Count da Alva,” said Gerald, with a 
slight effort us be row to gt*. " witli vour 
permission I dull destroy thrw gloves. They 
can only serve to compromise a pe-ruin whom 
we have both pardoned. " 

Tlie count look tlie extended band in both 
of bit nod prewwd it warmly. 

When Gerald reached bis rooms bis valet 
was awaiting his orders. "You may go. 
Edouard." be sahl. ** 1 dial] not want you 
to-night." 

Shortly after the man had withdrawn. 
Gerald drew from It* hiding place lire little 
jcthonuel, folded the strings carefully, placed 
the gloves within the crown, and wound the 
veil around the bonnet. Then he laid it gtu- 
tly on the cools. 

When the blare had died awnv and left but 
a few liiu of twisted wire, be looked at May. 
nard Caldwell's wedding-cards "I think 
these bail lictlcr go too," Ire said . and in an- 
other tin *11 it-nt tire inscription. " Mr. and Mrs. 
Gerald Covering ’ writhed in a tongue of 
flame. Uteu lay a strip of trembling block 
tissue. 


TUB GREAT FIND AT THBBR8. 

Tiik most important And for Egy ptologists 
of late years, since tire discovery of tlie royal 
mumma-s at Daltr El Bahrec.Tbcbew, in I SHI, 
was made in the same vicinity **n the 4tli of 
February. This vicinity has always been 
believed M Ire rich In treoaure*. ami tire 
Arabs who live there have from time to time 
offered for -alo objects of Interest. It whs 
the great good fortune of Herr Emil Brugsclx, 
under I’rufeswr Muspero of tbu Boulurk 
Museum ut Cain* (now moved to tire Gcreh 
Pllire, and called lire Grzch Musi- uml. to 
w ring Crons thn Arab* the secret lihllng- place 
of the royal mummies. M. GrQsnix, tire 
present director, has bad a tike piece of gi-sl 
forttinc- Lart year, one Mnliammod Alsl- 
Er Bsoout, otw of Che brothers wire confessed 
to the Dshr El Bahree And of I’lianiot* mum- 
mre*. propousl lo sell the secret of buried 
tre-asures to some traveller* up tire Nile As 
ltis offer was not taken, lie decided this year 
to make term* with Ute government, and 
while M. (i return x was on a visit to Luxor, 
tire Arab, for * lllreral backsheesh, pointed 
nut to him tlie place wlrere lie would prob- 
ablv Ire MicceMful iu digging. 

All this region I reck of tlie Unnu-tM-uiu 
is a necropolis, but iiiuaere lire debris and 
Usxse rock digging s^hs to be to- promising 
in one place us in uusthcr. This plats- of 
deposit is at the .oot of the hill, threw 
hundred yards d'W cast of the temple of 
Dshr El Bullin', underneath which Is the 


tomb of Hatasoo. Tire sharp eyes of tbe 
A rah* discovered on tlie surface sonic mounds 
of stony earth, which must have lreeu de- 
posited there, though to the ordinary ob- 
wrralhm Urey were like Hi* original desert. 
Ilewsoalng tliHt tbl> soli must have on me 
from some excavation, tirey began digginu in 
tire ooighborbood for a well or shaft, and «« 
length fount! a shaft, the secret of which they 
sold to M. GnBmux- The excavation of tbu 
shaft or well begun February 4th, and wa» 
flniahnd on tiro 11th. It was carried down 
furty feet, when a gallery was reached, run 
ning north and south. uW-ut two feet wide 
and six fret high, and tlie tirM ninety metres 
were tilled with mummy cases two or three 
deep, together with I sues containing valu 
able*. Another gallery at a higher level to 
Ute shaft was found empty. 

The mummy of lire >!igh IVirst of Amen 
was discovered on Friday. February flih. 
with tlicne of a treasurer and a command* r 
of lire auxiliary fnnrw Some of tbesoreopli 
agi had had gold fnixs, lait lbi*c had been 
carried off, probably before the mummies 
had been deposited in Uiis emehtttt; for lists', 
of onur*c. was uot the original tomb. Tlie 
list of treasures comprise* 168 mumreies, 
mime weighing, with their cases, a quarter of 
a ton ; 7? figure* of Osiris -in wood, uml 75 of 
them with papyri; ICO case* of usbnhli. sup- 
posed to contain I0.4HS) specimens t these 
Uslvsbti are called by the French ro»;m uitenf*, 
mid are small intsmu of mummies, usually 
blue, and supposed to repracoi the per. 
sods who may he useful as in lend an Is and 
slave* lo the'dcpartrd in the underworld I : 
16 catvupic jars; II large palm hnskets; 3 
processional funs of palm leave*. 2 woo-lt-u 
statues of Isis as Nephis, three or four feet 
high several boxes of Jewels and treasure*, 
about WO papyrus roll*, on* of wliicit it one 
metre high, aud supposed to la* longer tban 
the great Harr:* papyrus iu the British Mu- 
seum, tlie largrut iM-n-lofon- known; satxlnlt; 
mnmmifled meats; plates. dishes, etc-. ; fruita 
—dates and doom palm nuts. 

TW miinunU-s are- those uf priests from 
live clghtre-ulli lo the twenty - first dynasty, 
and tiiis U nrolmbly tlielr secoml removal 
from their original tomb, for lVrsi*n*. Crocks, 

I tomans, ami Arab* alike despoiled lire sep- 
iilclin-* of tbe dead for tlreir rk-h treasure: 
and live priests who served in the trmpl** 
during these invasion* were sociisioinea lo 
llml w>m« such unsuspected hiding place for 
the bodies of tlreir piedrcevMnis— sooie spot 
where, a* their myslc-rious religion taught, 
the wail, whirl) had been but n shade, an 
eiiolnu, might at lead Is? reunited with th« 
body, wbieh is ncedsd for the rt-mniudrr of 
the journey, and the appearance of tbu dewl 
in lire judgment ball of Osiris. 

Tbe excavating wn* a m range spectacle. 
There was tbe stretch of desert leading up to 
the terraced temple ol Daltr El Bahree; the 
pillars of lire IbimesM-um in the distance: 
tli* blue and cloudless sky overhead, under 
which tbu white sand shone and burned; tlie 
hole in lire ground, whence the brown linlf- 
nnkeii bodies of lire workmen were asotmding 
and descending oa tlie mummies were one 
by one brought up from the tomb; the group 
Of eager sjtvant* exHmiuing, marking, and 
cataloguing each grawtone lxjrdt-n a* it was 
laid at tlreir feet; tbe row of excited *pr*-ia 
tor* st-aii-d.ltkc so many bled* of prey, on tli* 
He of debris— nigged, picturesque jn their 
uttering rags— and braking the sir with 
tbeir shrill cries. A* each Ixidv was idem! 
fled.lt ns* wrapped lit mail cloth nnd malting, 
ami rarried on the shoulder- of Arab l«earera 
over tire plain of Thebes to tlie river, then 
rowed acme* the Nile to Luxor, ami placed 
lu tbe government strainer. IhiudiI for Cairo 
and the museum. 

Did lit* sbuile follow with anxious err* the 
step, of Uic U-arers a* they Imre tlic-ir frail 
bunlcn over desert and nTer? And i» It 
now nl ml. Contemplating its prerent abode 
in list! stone polar* of lire hanuhed king of 
Egypt? It ha- endured to re* Karank in 
rains, and tire Colossus of the grrttl Kaiuo-ea 
prostrate. Ha- it faith that these frailer wall* 
of the Gcw-h Palace will hold the precious 
body till tire day of re-ckoning? 

The origia*! tomb* of there |>rlests honev- 
entnb the hills nil lire way from Dahr El 
Hunte r to Meib-lrel Halmo, the rrt-al pnlnro 
and temple of liamcre* III,, and ooe recently 
discovered and not yet ntimc-l was evidently 
oeempied Ivy a priest of high rank and c on- 
siderable ui-hltli. Tire ill lirls bos not yet 
been removtul, and is piled about tire aliiifl, 
and tlie psiwurt is <1 iflii-ult of dr*cent, lu-ing 
cut in tire roi-k a distance of about thirty 
feet, ending io n low c-liambrr. *o low that 
it i* noco—Bry t<> stoop to enter it, ant), of 
course, to liglitacaiMile tu penetrate lire dark- 
ness There, uiwui the lime-tune' rocks, arc 
painted f reset a-* ns brilliant a* the day when 
lire artist laid on lilt color. Then' U Um? fttll- 
Icngtb figttn- of the priest repeated on all 
four wall-, tlie skiu a brick-dust red, tire hair 
a lustrous black, the rolie while, the body 
decorated with jewels, ami tire head with lire 
priest* head dr«-— . hi- wife. In gorgeous gm- 
BieutM all silver and fibre and gold, i» at bis 
side, and Urey are walking lountd hi.* tin.-- 
Ian- deity, who is sitting in mngtMciinl stale 
I M'li ire Urem. There are all sorts of picture-- 
on the wall surface representing fruit* nnd 
fluwi-rs and ilUlsical iustrumrnt*, field* of 
grain, loaves of bread, the winding river, and 
tbe everla-ting lotus blossom, of which king 
and priest never tired, Tire ceiling in this 
low bail is panelled, aud null panel in n dif 
fctcul design— one sbuwiug ms»cs of pttrpk 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 




223 


gf*l rf * incen leave*; another, a blue 
flrii* amfnl tynnklexl with ooW sure, another, 
tire conveni’Mmat hieroglyphic sign of life 
marked in brilliant hunt; nnd the last (hat 
plait**! celling of cootnuiluig color* which, 
by some strange cnacurresioe of ideas, the 
Pueblo Indians have repeated in their nlln 
< l>nroli at Lignite, New Mexico TbW hull, 
n will lie uouenitooi), with all this spU-odid 
lUvoration. 1 m loo low for a child to Miami up- 
right, and tlrerefore could not have hoca used 
u tile receptloa-roofll for the relative* of tire 
dead when they came to mourn, am is the 
antechamber of many other tombs. It in 
merely a passage Into another larger. higher 
lull with four carved pillars, and aimilar dec- 
oration repeated on nil the wall surface — U h 
prieat, hU wife, ami the god for the figure*, 
(lowers, fruit*, grain, etc., for tiie adorn- 
ment— oil painted In the Impenetrable durk- 
ne*a with little religious signification, aa un- 
like the penitential progress of the soul of the 
dual kings, iim told In theuci awful aepulchrea 
of the dead Pharaoh*. a* if u different revela- 
tion was given to prieat and sovereign. 

Interesting on Ini* discovery is in impor- 
tant mummies nnd in objects l*vea)lllg the 
life of the auclent EgyplW probably Hie 
art important of tlw t re a s u r e s are llw pa 
pyrt. It Is p«»*IWe that the »crenly-aix «mnll 
rrilla of papyri found with the linages of 
Osiris are only repetitions of chapter* of the 
book of the dead, which may arid little to 
our knowledge of the ceremonial religion, hut 
the large papyrus found is iikclv to nmve of 
great value The iniiwunt authorities have 
not yet had nn opportunity to make an ex- 
•imitation of these trromiree ; indeed. few of 
the Ixixch have yet been opened, and conse- 
quently there it* fever of expectation among 
Eirypteihigivts nn to what may Ire revealed. 
When these priests wens removed from their 
original tombs, and deposited In this hiding- 
' M for the sake nf security, all their baggage 
the next world seems to have been taken 
with them, and pi tod in with the bodies in 
disnnUr. As has been intimated. it Im prob- 
able that this l» not Uh Ural time the bodies 
hare licen movnl since Uieir tint burial, und 
if it were not for the importanoe that they at- 
tached to the safe keeping of their remains, 
and the impedimenta which they had pro 
vtded for their Journey In tlw underworld, 
there wautd be something almost absurd in 
the idea of tliow priests being changed about 
through all Uirsc thousands of yeans with 
their baggage, like peuwngrra shifted from 
one station to another in an underground 
railway. 

It U expected that tlw muramy-caaea will 
contain important papyri, and it is thought 
that these priest* may nmvc to he the high- 
pricsts in sucvvwsion. It may be. tberefore, 
that we shall have here undoubted succession 
of persons during a very long period, from 
the eighteenth to the twenty drat dynasties 
It may be, even, that we have here a historic*! 
sequence of something like two thousand 
yean. I. C. C. 


t 


THE EMPTY SADDLE. 

Whkk Terry’s column arrived at the scene 
of Hie Custer massacre, a riderless horse came 
galloping to meet them This they recog- 
nized as Comanche, the horse ridden hr Ma- 
jor Keogh, and the only surviving living 
tiling of that dreadful encounter. He is now 
the property of the Seventh Cavalry, ami is 
ending his day* in glory, under the affection- 
ate care of tbut regiment. On all ocvaiduu* 
of ceremony the old veteran is jamth-d I*-- 
tw ecu two trooper s fully caparisoned, but 
rtderleea— with the rc*t of the command. 
The illiisl ratio n show* him OB rare of them 
official appearance* w|Ui his military attend- 
BBta. 


THE LATE JUDGE JOHN It. 
BRADY. 

Dkxtii has tnkeu heavy toll during Uie Iasi 
few weeks from among the ranks of the great 
ones of this land. Secretary Wtndom. Gen- 
oral Slieriniin. and Admiml Porter In u-rrildvr 
quick *ucc«»»i<in have been followed lei tlieir 
last r.rsling- places by Ibo well earmd esteem 
of the people in whuwe rause thev spent llreir 
energies and talents, and New Yorker* have 
now to deplore the decease of .fudge llraily, 
whieh look place early oil MuimLv morning, 
March lftih, wt his rsaldwicc in the Hanover, 
No 2 East Fifteenth Street. New York. 

Jude* Brady whs a picturesque figure in 
Now York, in fl* judicial, political. and social 
life. With an unahakHldo determination to see 
full Justice rendered upon the guilty he com 
birred an invariable tendency to secure every 
advantage for the accused iliat wo* compwtl- 
Mn with the true and liuirert fulllltiM'iit of 
his obligations to the State; and when it be- 
came III* unpleasant task to deliver sentence 
on the duly convicted lie seldom did mi with- 
out previously submitting the amount of se- 
verity ntrraailalrd in bis opinion by the fact* 
of Uie CBM to tiro urgency of the lender of 
the prosecution ami the deprecation of the 
defence. In eivil mstters he inclined always 
rather to what was ob» Unruly just than to 
what some legal flaw or qiiibbir might dic- 
tate . and though lie fully respected Hie de- 
cisions of accepted legislator*, his iaborti 
honesty and common *r«i«e was apt to brush 
away the cobwebs of technicality that some- 
times ohocure the right. 

John R Brady, though a native of this 


country, having hocn liorti at No. 7 Warren 
Street, New York city, in IftSt. was a mem- 
tier of that race which lia* given nse to mo 
many celebrated lawyers in England and the 
Slates, fur Ixith Ills father mid niotber were 
children of Ireland, from whence they came 
to America iu 1*41 3- His father wiw himself 
a lawyer of considerable reputation, and the 
sucxvMf of hi* brother. James T. Brady, which 
w«» unfortunately brought to a premature 
close in I860 will he rrrocniherrd by many. 
Judge Bradv began Ins own career at the bar 
in partnership with this brother and Mr. 
Maurice, ami hr would, in the opinion of 
runny excellent authorities, have mini'll for 
himself a position of lire hirliest rank in that 
branch of tint profession hod hr continued to 
devote himself to it. In I8M, however, he 
was elected Judge of the Court of Common 
Plea*, by a majority of more than Mm) over 
Cam bridge Llvlogsion and Alexander Bpaul- 
ding, and at the expiration of ids term lie 
was again elected, unopposed, hut by an 
enormous vote. In IftW be won promoted 
to the Supreme Court, uud iu 1872 was cre- 
ated a General Term Judge of the First De- 
partment of the Supreme Court, an office 
from which ho would ham retired with well- 
won laurel* had he lived until next Decem- 
ber, when hla lout term of fourteen years 
would have terminated simultaneously with 
his atUlntceui of the statute limit of aeventy 
years 

Judge Brady’s interest in local polilir* was 
very grom. and ho had frirnd* among tlw big 
lMiIiticiil lenders of more or Ina prominence. 
William M Tweed ho know intimately, nnd 
Chester A Arthur came to him on the death 
of President Garde Id nnd took at bis hands 
the oath of off! re as President of tlw United 
State*. Judge Brady was n brilliant and fre- 
qiirat guest at the large banquets in the city, 
and conspicuous among the lri-b and Irish 
American element, lie was n fouodor of 
tlie Manhattan Club, a member of the Tam 
many Society awl of the Friendly Bona of 
8L Patrick. He married Mia Katherine 
Lydig, the daughter of thu late Philip M. 
Lydig. Oucof his daugiiter* marrieil Charloe 
Albei t Sleveomaod the other, Sidney Harris. 
Some of Judge Brady * cU*e*t friends were 
Kecoreler Frederick S myth. Chief Justice of 
the Superior Cotirt.Johh Sod gewlrk. General 
Daniel K. Sickles, Joint Hussell Young, ami 
Frederick R (kmdvrt. 

Juilge Brady died in the full enjoyment of 
all Ills faculties, anil apparently of excellent 
health. He was suddenly stricken down on 
Sui>i)hv evening While tire wing for sapper 
lie exclaimed : "Oh. I foeldharel 1 ean’tsce!"' 
And after Hint never s|H>ke inlelllcitily nor 
naroverrel consciousness until the end came. 
Though such a hasty summons could not 
hut prove a dreadful shock to lib family, and 
to llie very large circle of friends tli’st his 
kindly nature, bright wit, and high spirits 
had gathered around him. it is difficult to 
conceive of a happier ending to a well spent 
ami huppy lift Without the lingering warn- 
ing tliat give* to death half Ita terror*, with- 
out the prolonged suffering*, physical and 
mental, that accompany a tedious illneas. Iki 
was swept in an .instant from the still full 
stream 0( a prosperous old nge Into that mys- 
terious sea of unonnsclousneas beyond UM 
black waters of which lie iIhi unknown shores 
of Umi kingdom of the dead. __ 


A FOX DRIVE IN TENNESSEE, 

Tukkf. arc some (xopk that call a thing 
of tiiis sort sport; lull then there are tbooc 
also who call bounding a deer Into the water, 
anil knocking it over the bend with a cluli 
from a row boat, sport. There is. indeed, no 
accounting for some tastes, and there I* no 
curbing of the trrutal instinct iu ix-Tlnin ele- 
ments of society by other means than meet- 
ing it with like measures. The idea nf the 
fi i* drive is by no (mans new or original with 
the Southerner*. Time out of mind some 
•writ expedient 1ms beta resorted to in rid 
ding a country of pests. The Indians prole 
ably gave tlw Idea to the pioneer* of the 
West, who, when Ibc woivn or coyotes he- 
chiim particularly aBBoying. were acciutomed 
to organizing drives, and exterminating all 
tbixo drawn Into lire dvudly circle. 

Fox drives are not of frequent occurrence 
even In tlie South, but every two or three 
yearn, when the htonl of ilMi idhiihitanu uf 
the outlying little lowna lias lircome unen- 
durably stagnant, it is riiggtwted. as U-lnr the 
wildest dissipation lire country affords Next 
to a raid upon "moonshiner*," nothing cre- 
ates so great an excitement in the country ns 
the fox drive. It h thoroughly democratic, 
and proportionately popular, and presents 
about tire only field where lire white and 
block meet on equal footing. The succewi. 
fill starting of it drive requires some little 
generalship, snd tin- manager or explain is 
an awe umpiring individual ti> mortals of lea* 
degree, and certain to be thoroughly aware 
of tire imparlance of his office. If the honor 
rests u|ton him lightly. Ire i* very likely to np- 
tioinl nntncni'is licutciuala from lire young 
bucks of lire vicinity, wire hi turn set up pet- 
ty courts inMiuiter. and ride aiiout Ihecotintiy 
creating con*tefaaii»n among tlie low favor- 
ctl In-aits. Tire affair really btsmmea quite 
the event of lire season, aud I dare say the 
chtue of many a I over has cndnl with a'doti- 
hle victory to hi* credit — Cupid and tlie 
equally eliidve fox 

The area covered by these drive* of coureo 


differ*; sometime* lint two or three miles, 
and again as much as ten miles are included 
In the grand circle. Tire procedure, how- 
ever, is always tlie same The M-ctinn 
chose ti , iiartii-uluily if uf large extent, i* gen 
erullv. if poasiblc.’oni- that lias setilemcnts 
scat le red pretty well along iu bordera. Tire 
captain and his lieutenants peifnrm tlreir 
duties faithfully, and all lliure within tire fa 
vored county are kept will instructed. Of 
courre. liefure the day of the drive it i« neces- 
sary to arrange upon mhim given field or gul- 
ly toward which thcnc ill lire drivr keeptxin- 
unually moving. Tlie location of this par- 
ticular spirt is one of the trying moon-ms of 
the captains official existence. It upjicani 
that lire scene at Uio end of tlie drivr when: 
the killing is done, Itecumes the rendezvous 
for all those w ithin driving distance It is. 
indeed, tire fsdiiouahlc entlof the event, and 
those not attending are utterly lost in social 
caste, mid their names dropped from the 
spelling bans and coro-huskiug list of d|gi- 
liles. It U natural, therefore, that nn small 
competition is created among tlie land- 
owtrera to secure the ih-ath ’’ on their prop- 
erty. and lire captain's life In consequence la 
made a bunlen to him. An open flchl is gen- 
•rally dtoara.wlifa a Might dapraaloa in tlie 
criitre, so as to form a natural ampiiithe- 

On the arranged day ami hour all Ihose In 
the great circle begin moving toward ibepru- 
airangvvl centre rknnetluies tlwro afe as 
many ns fifteen bundml rngnged -mcD, wo- 
men! and even cliildren Tire pnev Is ail or- 
dinary one, ami all make as much noise u 
tlieir luugs will iHTinil. Nmiellmeit when the 
circle is very wide, and the people as fur 
apart as a quarter of a mile, a fox e»ai|x-*; 
but generally ho is driven ahead by tlie in- 
creasing hubbub at Hie rear of him. The cdr- 
ele gels smaller and smaller hihI smaller, un- 
til finally it becomes a ring without opening. 
The foxes, that have prolmblv mode several 
uUi-mpt* at escape, have at last lircome so 
terrified at the strange scene as to render 
Uiciu utterly powerless to run away, uni) aoma 
of them Ireeome so paralyzed with fright that 
they stretch oat on the ground panting 
Now mmes lire crow ning oct of the affair In 
point of provincial skill. There t* ih> slwot- 
mg done, not a gun ha* U-rn fired, unless 
potttiblv at some buhl fox that has made a 
break {or liberty nnd gotten through the line. 
Several of the most expert and bra veal of the 
drivers step out of tire cirele nnd advance 
toward the cowered foxua in the centre, their 
only weapon being a long club with a knob 
on lire end, like a shinny slick. They walk 
directly up to the wretched creatures, which 
arc patiently awaiting llreir death, sit we me 
told, anil with a skilful Mu* ureter the ear 
•tretch them lifelcn* one after another. Soiuo- 
linte* hut three or four are entrapped, again 
a dozen or move it may he an excellent 
method of delivering a country from vermin, 
but I protest against it* being called sport. 

Las ) 1 AH W. WMMKr. 


FLON-PLON. 

Tut he did iu Romo the other day fhe 
man who, since the death of I>iui* Napoleitn, 
lire Prince Imperial, Iu tut Afrk-Ai> juugle, 
lias been regarded a* the head of the family 
founded by the great Nupolewn. This man 
was nut really entitled by seniority to Uio 
distinguished place which was arcorded to 
him. Iu reality the pUn? hcluiigeil to au 
American citizen, the grandson of Prince 
Jerome Bonaparte and his Ualuumrv wife. 
Mi** Fattisi.n. Prinea Jerome, one time King 
of Wk-iljdiaiia, was in America when u 
voung man, ami married un Amerlrati lady 
There Were children of lire niArriage, ami at 
ibis time there five* in Washington an amia- 
ble atwl urcoitiplidied gviitlrni.in who really 
is lire head of the house of Bonaparte lie. 
however, is contettl to be a plain American 
citizen, aud does nut bother himself to con- 
tort the dolma of others to lire empty honor 
of li ending lire nrelcitce* of a detliroiii*! dy- 
nasty. When Prince Jcrorno desert»*l In* 
American wife st lire command of his eider 
brother, wlw> then avetued to hold all of the 
affairs of Europe in the hollow of his hand. 
Ire married I’rineeM Freileiicu Catherine, of 
Wtiilcniburg, and an* made King of West- 
pbnlla. Tire son of this remrringe, Nit|xiteim 
Jtmpk Charles Paul Bonaparte, the man 
who ha* Just died, was boro in Trieste in 
1KJ2. During the time of thu third Nbjki 
I con Ire was known a* Prince Jerome, hut 
■inre the fall of tire Empire uud the death of 
Louis Ns|miI ton's sou be Iihs Imhui known as 
Prinea Napoleon. 

He wa* a mala of marked ability, hut so 
devoid of consistent principle, that notwith- 
standing his Ihi-atriml np|Karance* at va- 
rious time* of public tnmreil. he never suc- 
ceeded in holding the rr-speet and udiuira- 
tlon of the section of Frrnehmrti wire Ire 
lieved in the rule of the Ronaparles. He 
changed III* political creml a» readily a* Ire 
changed his ctollre*. ami no one ever knew 
exactly wlat dependence could bn placed 
upon him. In personal appearance hr very 
much resembled tire flr-t Napoleon, but he 
was fat. and Beranger rleacrUH-d him as a 
genuine Napoleon medal dip|wd iu (k-rmau 
grew 

He visited Fran<*.' for the And time in 1815, 
and afterward lived there with his (Mirer. In 
1848 ba first came prominently before the 
French people aa au advocate and instigator 


of tire revolution which dethroned Ireuia 
Philippe This Ireing accomplished, he was 
elected a Deputy from Corsica to tire Constit- 
uent Assembly. Next year lie wa* i-betui 
from the Dei>iirlmeut of the Sortlre to thu 
Legislative Assembly. From Loub Nafio- 
Iron he areepted the lKisition uf Minister in 

Madrid. He I ted hardly bed ht* }s.i*t Ire- 

fare he quit it to take |iarl in some legisla- 
tion trending Iu the hotly uf which Ire was a 
iDi.-mbcr. For leaving lii* post without per- 
mission be w»* disnilMKvl He now Iwvaum 
tire leader of tire extreme RcpuhllcaB party, 
ami was hitler iu hi* opposition In tlir der- 
icnls. At this time began a quarrel between 
him and I.oui* Napoleon's wife. It never 
ended When Lout* Napoleon eMobliahod 
hiinrelf a* Emperor. Prince Jerome rook a 
seat in tlie N-untc and Council nf State ns 
an Imperial Prince, with tire right of sue- 
maaluB in caae the Eiujieror should nut have 
Boon. 

In the CritireaB wur he hiwl it command, 
but he did not entire up in time at either Ink- 
ermau or Alma. At his request he was 
relieved. His enemies accused him of cow- 
ardice, and he was given the nickname of 
••Pkw-PloD." which stuck to him through 
life. Kingluke acquits him of the charge of 
perwmal cowardice. But. at any rale, he was 
not fond of flgiiting, for in 1801 the Due 
d'Auraal challenged him tu a duel, bait Plou 
Plon declined the invitation. 

In 1859 Ire married Princess Clothildc. a 
daughter of King Victor Emanuel lie 
wiis not nn exemplary husband, nnd Ire nnd 
bis wife lived separately fur many years be- 
fore his death. There were thrn- chiUln-n — 
Prince Victor. Prince Louis, ami Princess 
Lctitia, she who a few year* ago married 
her mother's own brother, the late ex King 
Amadeus. By the will of tire Prince lm- 
jicriai. Prince Victor wi*> mimed ns the head 
of the fitmllv. nnd at uu> time the fatlrer at: 
quiewxxl in this, lad for several years he has 
aoHerted his right to the siicotswhrtt. aud every 
now and again has printed manifestoes as Uie 
Bonaparte ptdiry 

Ills 1**1 service prubaldy was as President 
of the Exposilion in 1857. Hesliownl great 
executive ability lie visited ililx country 
during the civil war He met Mr. Uncoln 
in VVrohitigtoa, and then, with tlie French 
Minister, went through tire lines to the L'oo- 
federate capital. In 1805, at the uti veiling 
nf a statuo of Napoleon I at Ajaccio, he 
made a sensational speech, and prufeaaed the 
ni«>*i radical republican Idem* He waa re- 
huked by his cousin the Emperor, and threw 
up all bit public employments. Including tire 
Presidency of the Exposition of 1HH7. After 
the ertabikhment of the present republic In 
France. Prince Na|¥ih-on accepted it appnr. 
eully without rewive, l«u bin uumeroux man 
ifcstixw made tire world suspect that hu was 
quietly waiting an iipiior! unity to re crtabliv.h 
the i-mplro. In |8tW tire reaolutioa of the 
( linmbcr of Drbittien ImniMhing the heads of 
famlllre which have reigned compdlod him 
to seek an nsylutn elsewhere. He never re- 
turned to France, hut it ha* boon suggested 
that hi* visit to Rome waa of a semi diplu- 
malic nature. Mid In lire intercat of France. 
Prince** Clothikle waa with him wlren Ire 
died. Hinl at tire l*rt lie accepted the minis- 
tratuius uf the Church. 


SUNSET IN THE FOG. 

Tiik old gray fcg uf the winter day 
Ilehl mu and l.iml in thrall; 

Siitttl the ve*at-ls at aiwbur by; 

A »|wU was uvor all. 

Tlw narrow litwa of each vi-sarl bound 
The limit of tlieir sphere; 

Uuyund wa* iiHUght but a world u< sonc-i 
A *ihM of doubt and fear. 

From thu yards the Mil* l>ednigi;l<*i hung, 
liardcrrd tiy drops uf dew ; 

Fciibi ry inikU, from lire li.dy.trdx fl'tng, 
Like gluiatly ikuiiimu Be* ; 

While the mast- bead |Here**l lire misty gray, 
And vaairtied si the spurs, 

Tlw ratlines seen but a step away 
Ware narrow prison burs. 

But suitden n gulden gtaiuuur Stele, 

As tlnuwgU a liny teatu; 

It spread till tire gViry lit the whole, 

Aud llglitetwd Itrim tu beaia. 

No nlwiiqw fell from the ray of light ; 

The » in-1 aud wn were still ; 

’Twa* tlreo that tlie rv-3 sun sunk front sight 
Behind tlw distant hill 

We saw It but a* the gulden ray 
tiara place to tint* of rose; 

And the inUt*, on lunger cute and gray, 
About n* m-iocd tu cluae. 

They cIumi- grew a* the rote- light died, 
Tire mist* took on ibrir frown. 

And the gloom that came from sktlwr side 
Told that the sub wa* down. 

Furn Scott Ili.vaa. 



224 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1788. 



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HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 17WL 


226 


THE MAFIA, AND WHAT LED 
TO TUB LYNCHING. 


the mafia. 

It will Barer be known whether among the 
victim* of Lyueb-law in New Orleans nay 
or nil of iIiom unfortunate men wore or 
were lint member* of lira Mafia (sometimes 
spelled MaNlii;. The Mafia would on* be u 
secret aiwncintion wen- ii* membership dis- 
closed. Ever dim Italy waa made one 
rountry the government Inis acted vigorous- 
ly agaloH Urn ('unorra on the main land, and 
ns affiliating BMiM iailon. the Mafia, on the 
island of Skill)-. If it has. very much to iu 
credit, in a measure crushed them out. it baa 
failed to Individualize the Mafia. Wo anr 
not then bound to take without MOM reser- 
vation such ulwilutr statements, mining 
from Italians, that there is no such thing as 
a Malta society transplanted in America. 
Without living alarmist*, it is not certain 
that Molly- Maguiretsin aver has lawn t. unity 
extirpated in Pennsylvania. If, then. Mafia- 
ism tins not been cxiinguixlrad in Sicily— ami 
1 litre is M pMOf llial it |U< iss-ii— it would 
be silly for us to believe. Ural among those 
swarms or Sicilians who have come to the 
United Staten there never won one of the 
Mali*. 

Looking at the methods of the Sicilians in 
New Orleans, anil the conirinnitivcly trilling 
one first cited, the methods in llie United 
Slates and Italy are Uic nmuc. T wrelvn year* 
•go. in content* with the state at bonne, these 
secret Italian soeratica were wall able to bold 
their own. for In the law courts where the 
issue was decided the odd* wore all in their 
favor. The O pt ai NM (1821) printed this 
much. “If a member commits a crime. In* 
amociutm defend him liy manufactured evi- 
dence, Intrigue, and Intimidation ." Take 
the recent New Orleans trial, ami note the 
Influence brought lo bear on wiuieasrs and 
jury, so that ronviclinn was rendered impos- 
sible. In tlie }‘urfi\i<jktiy ttrritie of 1H87, 
where thu action of time secret societies iu 
Tlie Two ti tellies is fully described, this is 
tho [Minim in conclusion; “The societies re- 
tain the sanction of the death penalty . Ilia 
state, ha* nlmndoned It ' 

If the Esposito extradition trial, which took 
place in New York city, is studied, it will l* 
found that the parallelisms between It and 
the Mafia metliud* were cluera. A cloud of 
w il D cmnw among tlmm. it sliould be borne 
in tniml. Wna one named I’rovciizaivo — nil 
swore that Eopostto.wiib many aliases, waa an 
holiest fruit merchant of New Orleans, who 
bad brm living in LotlMaM years prior to 
any charge made in Italy against him. Even 
a woman with her lath)' was presented. I he 
wumun swore site was the man's wife, and 
Ihe bnhy w«* her dear husband's. Viocenxo 
Hibeili's child. What the IllHltl gOVm< 
nirnt wanted the man for was for trial on 
the charge of two premeditated murders, 
Countlsos cases of robbery, and for extor- 
tion* by violence, with courcqtmnt death of 
victims. 

_ What this wretch I tod done which excited 
English wrath was tlie cutting off of the ears 
and nose of Curate John Forrester Kimc, in 
order to obtain a ransom of £GOOO. The 
whoh'sale indiscriminate ficrjnry of the low- 
est i huts of Italians uf New '( Jrltwnv was 
rnaiiifest. This is evidence. .Vs fur as could 
Is- determined, they were all Sicilian*, hut 
whether of Lira Midia or not. cannot now or 
ever be determined. Esposito *»< extradited. 
He was returned to Italy, tried in Palermo, 
and Mmenoed for life. With a coarser fibre, 
we would have hung this horrjblo villain 
off band. This is just <tae of ihuac Risen 
where, if by taking life tlie iraverest penally 
i* meted out to u nnui, the Mafia have it all 
their own way. 

In iheAinnLiifivns— lira golden shell — which 
not inaptly describe* the lovely entrance to 
Palermo, grows of lemon-trees give tlie land 
its wealth. The Muflit are slid believed to 
exist there and levy toll when they can; lit 
least, on good authority, such was staled to 
have been the case but four years ago. In 
tlie English Him - hook of 1*77 there is a 
definition of tlie Mafia “The MnlU U not 
prrcUely a sennit society, hut rather the de- 
velopment and blossom of arbitrary vinlcnco 
din-coil to criminal etuis of every sort. It 
U l be instinctive, brutal, sordid' solidarity 
that unites agnitist the slate. Ihe laws, and 
the eonstiluted authorities all who are de- 
termined to live and llnivc nnl by hamwt 
work, but by violence, by fraud, and by in 
tiinidatUiu." It owes its origin in Naily to 
' no patriotic idea, but to soldo! gain. 

One curious condition of this southern 
Italian mind peculiar to the lower data, and 
shared, iinlnrtuniilrly, by another national- 
ity, is that a iimn who Is n willing witness 
w lu-re roblrary. murder arson, or utmost any- 
Ihing elw- i* coticvrocd, I* a traitor, or vrliat 
Is much more opntolirious, an •• in former." 
That principle, designated us “ Omcrta," 
Signor Ccixcdrli thu* rivserihsa: "The na- 
tional character of tlie Sicilian* in all its 
manifestations Inis become ilifcrpenetrabd 
with the principle* of u spcruil nste ruled 
that of ‘ Omcrta. ‘ which hi)* it down a* lire 
first duty of a man to do justice for hiitix-lf 
with Ills own hands for any injur)- he may 
have suffered. ami brand* with infamy, hold- 
ing Up to the contempt ami vengeance of the 
public, any ooo whoaiqraulslu lira law courts, 
or assists the police iu tbuir iovcstigaUoos. 


A man perfectly honorable in other relations 
of life |g convinced that he t* doing a good 
deed in harluring an nimiwdn or in refusing 
to give evident*: HnitMl Mai; fur the com 
of 'OiiM-rta' ni ». ' Evidence in good mi tong ns 
it does nut injure your neighbor.' " 

This “ Omcrta " b cuusplcuous every day 
in the police court*. 

Tracing I sick tlie w retell Esposito. and his 
iirmt by Chief-of-Folk* lleoueaay in New 
Orleans in 1881, to Ibc tniililiition of the 
English curate, which may eventually liavo 
brought about David llcnuewsy's murder mid 
the lynching of eleven Italians. Tlie faction 
fights of the two parlies, the PriivcnMinus ami 
Malrangce, must be borne in inliid. Their 
cause of i|iiam:i anti methods of revenge are. 
If not tilcillao, at least colored with Mafia- 
hm. That limul maxim rings in the car: 
"fit tm-tu lid drivocu. si camtui tallarnpu" 
—If 1 die, they will bury me. if I escape, I’ll 
strike ><m dead. 

To class nil Italians or all Sicilians Us 
getber us wrong- doers would lie the most 
glaring of Injustices. There is not a city iu 
the l 'lilted Stairs where Italians, from the 
extreme N«irth to the uttermost South, are 
not respected fur their high integrity. No 
one would be willing lo represent a» a sum 
pic of our many millions representative* 
taken In a border territory. If in h*k| the 
population of Italy was 2S..100.000. in all 
Su lly in 1888 there were 8.360,000. During 
the last sewn years we have probably re- 
ceived as many a» 30,01)0 Italian*, but what 
proportion ■* Sicilian, statistics arc worthless 
us U> the determination. 


now nti; cut icy ok roues pturr anukkeu 
T int Mafia. 

The hiatonr of the aamssination of David 
C Hen II easy.* the Chief of Police of New (Jr- 
leans, and lint lynching of hi* auppo-cd mur 
derera, begins ou May 8. 1800. About mid- 
night of that date a party of seven Sicilian! 
drove in a light Truil wagon from the levee, 
where they bail unloaded a steamship. and 
proceeded out Esplanade Street. They were 
Tony Malraogm, Salvador Sutucri, V incent 
Caruso, Ifoco Genici. llnsluui Jncarvlon*. 
Tony Locascki. ami Frank Loutseio. Ou 
Esplanade Strert u a gruvo of trees, and 
ClaiborM is lined by a double row of them. 
At their intcrwcli.m the wagon wua tlreil 
upon. Tony Matranga's left leg was sliot 
oil. Vincent Oani*»* right leg was crip- 
pled. Salvador Sunreri receivisl a Ib-sh 
wound in tlw thigh At first the assailed 
party refused lo suy who had shot tlie in. 
lull Ulrr declared the ambutcadera were Jo- 
seph Pravcozano. Peter Provenxano. Tony 
Gionforcarro. Nick Unilio.Touy Peilogrini, 
and Tony Lombardo. Ttirse «x men were 
placed ou trial lu July, 1«D0. The wen 
men wIm> bad been iu the wagon swore posi- 
tively they Were tho men who did tlie shoot- 
ing. Several persons, among them Jutejiii 
P. Maelrt'Cu. gate testimony about threat* 
the men had made. 

The accused sought to prove alibis, but 
the Jury believed their opponents, and found 
all of them guilty, without capital punish- 
ment. 

Chief af-Policc Hentirwsy had boco a close 
friend of tlw PruTenaamw, ami believing the 
evidence for the prosecution whs perjured, 
scut to Italy, and secured tlw history- of Min- 
xeri. Qeract, and other*, as well ns their rec- 
ords there. Tlie result disclosed to hint tlw 
existence of a perhctly organised secret so- 
ciety in America, with ramification*, iu New 
Orleans. New York, St. Louis, and San Fran- 
cisco, and possibly Chicago. This was an 
ossix'latiou of tlie wont Italian element, 
banded together by men expelled from Sicily 
for their crimes, and bringing to thi* coun- 
try the sarou system of extortion by threat*, 
rubbery, and murder. Their own country- 
men last understood the thoruiigliurcs uf 
their society, and wlwn a Urge fniit d.-il. r 
or mcn-tiaiii received a notice to go aiouc to 
a certain srcludisl spot with t5ini. $!iMN>. or 
8^Nkl. or Its would Is- killed by the Matin, be 
generally complied with IhcinvltatiOB, Those 
to tlie figaniaatloci were lield loretlier by tbs 
must binding oaths, and for falling lu carry 
out tbs work im[xj«d by tbo society death 
would be tbo decree. 

Heniuway, believing (Ttarloa Matranga. Joo 
Marin in. Geracl. the CiiruMt*. and others 
were leader* in tlie New Orleans bntnclt of 
tl»o Matin. collected evidence, and prepared 
lo use it to break up il»- Mafia beret, and to 
send tlw leader* to prisoo fur jwrjury in the 
Proven uuio cores. In Uic mean time the law. 
ycr* for the Provennuio* had ohtmnrd a new 
trial for them, Tlw case was fixed fur the 
Utter | xv it of October. 

Tho theory of UeODCMy * friends is tlui! 
he h id iil-ii ctiliectrel the criminal record of 
D. C, O'Mali tv, a |>rivaU) detective, and was 
about to m-ush him nut; are! that O'Malley 
went to Mncheca, tuld hint that tlennraxy in- 
tended xeiuling him lo the [Miuitcnliary lor 
murder ud other wlmi, and odvima him 
lu *et the Mafia at Work to at'iisduiiU- the 
chief uf jMillcE- At tilt* point ilteory bc- 
i HIM unnecoMOfy, and fact begin*. A few 
days after the Proveuxanux were) gianiexi a 
new trial, J »- Macbcca went out on Girard 
Street, mar Itasiu, and mitnl » shanty ats.ut 
fifty yarel* from Hmm * liuuse. ’ Pietro 
Munaslerin. a recent arrival from Sicily, a 
shrewd and crafty man, was installed in the 
slnutty. ami d<-sufii>rily pursued the occupo- 
tiun uf shoemaker. 


* hw Horn. SV UK IV ut Nuvtw.1 mr S ls»u 


TICK ASa.lBBQVATIOX OF THE CHIEF OF 

roues. 

The Provenxano trial, ami the consequent 
expose of Maciicca, wo* to have taken place 
alMKit October Ifillt. At 11.30 p.m. of October 
15th. DnvidU. ilmncssy wiutriddhsl with bill 
Iris, slugs, and shut while within a few yards 
of Lib home oil Girnd Sln-et. The greater part 
of the shot* hail coma from tlw neighborhood 
of tlie shed in front of Mouastcri..'* shiiuty. 
The wounds were moat cruel Three large 
si ugs of uneven shape had turn gaping wound* 
Ui rough tlie alslomeu and chest : a bullet had 
gone through the right knee ; anm her through 
till' left baud : the face, arms. neck, and rlirxt 
wort fi I scmI with co*intlcM xlu.i. Whole vol- 
ley* bud lM-en poured into the victim. Hen- 
nr**y did not die till the next itvornlng. but 
ut ini lime had lw Im-co conscious enough in 
tell who had abut hint, except the wlu»|*-Tcd 
trend, "hum," 

MooBsterlo was arrested within the ten 
minutes ret win d i ng tlie ambit thing, it* be 
hud slunk hack into bb shanty. Antonio 
Mar chore, hb son (Asprii Maiclwri). Tony 
S.-sflisll. and liumis'ri of oilier* were arrest- 
ed. Doxens of luliaiis were taken In by ilw 
police, only lo Is- turned lix«e tlw next <lay 
lor want of proof. Then tlw weapons w ere 
found. They were curiosities to the Amer- 
ican element uf the city. One wa* an ordi 
nary double- Intm-lhsl slmt gun. Five oIIm-is 
were aliot-guns. Tliesc had the Isirrel* nit 
breviated by iiciug roughly sawixl off. The 
sujeks were [irovHkxl with hingtw. and turneti 
hack against the lank of tin; piece. This ar- 
rangement reduced the shot gun to the length 
of an ordinary hurac-pUtol. and enabled it to 
he carried ou the person wilhout detection. 
These were baUswd to bo the Mafia imple- 
ments of death. 

THE T1UAL. 

The ivolku were put ou their mettle, hut 
the evidence they imc*rtl*od was kept secret 
until the trial. On November Sikh the indiet- 
mcuU for (It murder, and <!f) slioollog with 
luletit to kill While lying in wait, were re- 
turned against eleven Italians, ami nguiasl 
eight others as acctsanries liefare the fact. 

They secured *» their counsel ex District 
Atlumey Lionel Adams, ex AxsUtunl District 
Atlorooy A. D. Hanriques, Hon. Thomas ,1. 
riemmea, ( hark* A. Ikitlcr. and A Oastind. 
A hard legal fight was begun, and on De- 
cember Dili the defence succeeded id having 
the indictments uuushed. became the District 
Atturney hast uxc-n ll*c court *tetiugra|iher 
into the Grand Jury room, and had the tc»- 
timony rrelm-cd to writing. Ou December 
13th a uew Grand Jury reindicted tlie same 
me ix. 

The case was fixed for trial on February 
Ifitli. The State asked fur a ie pan lion of 
the case, placed Churiea M*tmi gw, Joseph P. 
Machacw. Aspen Mart- lied, Antonio Scaffcdi, 
Antuuio HacnrtUi. Ilirtro Mrmastcrio, lUsUsD 
I Dcarrioiia. Manuel Ptdiu, Antonio MarrJicsi, 
ou trial, and liegnn the impwnelling of lira 
jury the next day. Over 1200 labs juror* 
w ere summoned lor examination as tu their 
eligibility to serve on the jury. It wa* elev- 
en days taler before lira twelfth nun was ac- 
cepted and sworn. 

The alleged ('irruption of this jury wax 
what moat bitterly inn-nsed the populace, 
and ltd indirectly tu lira lynching. Nine 
men were on trial, and hnd twelve porornp- 

a ehallengee each, of Kb in *11; the Slate 
M. O'Malley, lira private detective, b 
believed to have succeeded in buving the 
names uf a number uf mi'ti Ira could iuflu 
t-niv placed hi the jury wheel; of having 
work'd through numerous agents upon the 
tuleameu JbU of wliom were fiirniUmi lira 
defence whenever draw n. The defence, with 
lWt neremptory challenges ut its command, 
wus enabled to nr Just who should go on 
the jury. So many person* had fixed opin 
ions II. hi lira lawyers rid themselves of ub- 
jectiotiablo persons l»y challvngva fur cauira; 
but where other resorts failed, there was an 
unlimited store of direct challevgaa tu draw 
upixi.and Ui show tiuit they were um-iI fre- 
quently. it might be added 'that the defence 
exerted f*® iif it* neremptory eliallriiges. 

On .Saturday. February UMb. lira taking of 
lattimouy la-gan. It ended on March ltlth. 
Thu pruracutiou proved Irayond all doulit 
liut Machrcu hail rented tin- shanty fi>r Mott- 
aaterio. tliat tin- amuosins hid iu' hi* room 
until their victim approached, that lira boy 
Asjrari Marchesi was posted to nuify them 
uf Ilvnueaty's approach, olid that lie ran in 
froul of the chief and whistkd It [iroved 
eunrliujrely lo the ptfbltc miud that Autonio 
ficaStali, Antonio Mnrrhesi. Manuel Poliu, 
Antonio Itagtrallo. and Mouadcriu, had dune 
the shooting. 

The people were couvimaal of the guilt of 
the men, and felt confident that the jury 
could not fall to do it* duly. The court- 
room was cleared entirely Friday afternoon 
when lira verdict wa* expected. At 2.<JU 
o'clock, wlran it came, only the reporters uad 
the lawyers were present. Tlra Hate bail 
•bandoued the enra against lucwidona, and 
lira court I uid directed ~tbc Jury to acquit Ma- 
tritiiga. as the prusccutiiui was unable to 
bring direct ptVH.f agaio*t tltem. Lillie its 
ten.' ui w a» therefore fell in What the jury bud 
lo *ny about them, A jeweller named tit-lag- 
man hail Iieen made fiimnnn of lira jury 
He handid up the verdict. Judge Baker, a 
man usually tlie extreme of imperturbability, 
gawd at the pnjier fully a minute before be 
recovered from his uftonixltiiutuL. TIm-h ho 
ordered it read. Tlra verdict fuuml not guilty 


Matranga, Inenrd.raa, Marchesi itbe father) 
Marchrvi (Sou). Bngnelto. and Macbeca. r*n 
the e**f* of Hcaffedi, Monasirrio, and Polirr. 
Ihev had disagreed. 

Tlie venliel ewimd «*»is)*r nation every- 
where, That lira jury bad breo briiied wn« 
the Aral and m«*t apparent charge. All the 
accused were trinuacd to the parish prison, 
as another iiulictmcnt wo* suit jH'Diilag in 
arinl ber sect too of tlra court. Thu ended the 
trial by jury. Tlra Irinl nod execution by 
Lynch law I* another story. 



JOHN C WICKUPFB. 


THE MASSACRE AT THE PARISH 

PRISON. 

On the 14th uf March six Italians charged 
with ami tried for the murder of David C. 
Ilrum-Mv, Ihe t'Uief of Police of New Or- 
leans. were acquitted, and a mistrial was en- 
tered in the cat* of three others Ah nil of 
these men were held on a scrond charge, they 
were taken tu Ihe parish prison and locked 
up in different cell*. Those otbpr Italian 
prisoner* who were »llll to Ira tried and 
these just acquitted congratulated each Olli- 
er. olid rej-ikxxl together over the result of 
the trial, which bad Iieen prolonged now fur 
over two months. It teemed to them a very 
happy ending to sixty days uf awful doubt 
and purgatory. 

At thi* some time a vigilance committee- of 
citixen*. Weil known at least iu New Orleans, 
had met in the rooms of a yniing bachelor 
clubman, where they denounced the verdict 
of the afternoon, and declared unanimously 
against it, and for immediate and fatal action 
ori lira morrow. They wrote out a call for a 
citizens’ meeting, and sent copies of it around 
to the various ueMuqiape-r offleea. and went 
home to bed. Thi* was the call: 

•• asMwmsnsa ! 

“ All kuoiI <illj»iift »nt lixtlnl lo slMiul a mawu 
OMetlDC i* (talUMla>. March Uth, *t tea o’rJork *-■ , 
al Clay stator, to lake ftc|a to ivmnty thu (allure o( 
jnralo) ui the Ht*w»j to* Com prep* ret tor ac- 
tion. Jon* C. W’ insure*. 

W. IV PsaasMos,'- 

and foriy s ight others. 

It liud U'-n raining in New Orh-ati* for 
the lavt week. but Saturday, the 14th of March, 
wa* t-sil oud dear and sunny. Sheriff Ga 
laid VUlere came down to tin parish pris- 
on after breakfast, ami mul the rail in riic 
linn til ng pitirar tm hb way down town, lie 
nutioed nothing out of die usual routine at 
lira jail, and ut H.30 went on up low u to bi* 
office in thu City Hall, Tbo pariah prison 
occupies an enure square. It fronts on Or- 
hiiiifc Street, and is bounded by Trerne. tit. 
Ann and Murias streets. 

A great iron gale guards the entrance on 
Orleans Street with bur* an inch and a half 
Uik-k. Back of tliia L » amaller Iron gate. 
Three workmen stnpprd in front of this <>p. u 
burner awl looktsl curlouidy into the yani. 
and then walked hai'kward acroM tin- airccl. 
looking up El tlra prison window*: then they 
Mt down on n atoopaod waited. It was bail 
past eight o'clock wire a C'aiituin Lem Diiviv 
wlvo wan in charge after Sheriff V filer bad 
gone, noticed them ritting there wailing, 
t'sptuiu Lein Dnvb thought lira people at 
Clay'* statue might pax* res-iluliuns rxprure 
sive of their ilMlignotlon wilh the inirearriage 
t-f Justice, and that be would read about 
it iu tlra uflenioon papers. The three work- 
men were joined by *ix or seven other men. 
idlers, col's.ed liO)*. and atevedoraa from 
the levers, They Uwm-d with their backs 
against Ibc wall fiuing tlra prlmm, and also 
waited, patiently taking ii tin early tun- 
shine. When iaptaili Duvis looked again 
the tloxi.-n nw-n bml grown lo it diNlMe row 
that lined Wb sides of the streets, and w ho 
looked down lira avenue now instead of 
across at the Jail, a* though they were expect- 
ing u proce»iou or a circtia parade. Captain 
Davis told the night waicIi, who were Just 
going off duly, tu writ a bit. that he thought 
there might Ira trouble. The night watch 
yawned sleepily, and were joined by the 


^UCH 4ft, i 88l 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


d*}' '"'bo had rrnd tire "*emH" In tbe 

morDlftf paiN-m, and w«f anxious 

Th* Italian prisoner* in their different cells 

UmI of tlH- Cull (Ml, Mllll iC-i.v«l tO (MM! 

Ilit sheriff, n ml then to mm? Captain David, 
ami Iregged him to prutect them agnlii’it they 
knew not what Madly. Capt«in DavU grew 
nervous and excited, and *|x>ke sbaljhly to 
every out who questioned him It was a 
great responsibility for one nun. He wished 
very much that Sheriff ViUere bad waited. 
Then he leiepkooed tire sheriff that there «o 
a crowd outside of the jail, ami it Icgraphtd 
the chief of police, and rent out a runner to 
bring in thoac deputies who lired outaide the 
Jail. The deputies came flora their homes 
near by on a ton, mid lira crowd jeered ni 
Uieiu u the iron gate suspired behind the 
last of them. Some liova in the crowd began 
to giro the ahrill whistle that is auptwoed to 
be the signal of the Maria, and to yell iu uni- 
son. "Who ktlla de chief?" as the political 
clubs used to shout their campaign erica on 
Broadway. The mm ml came into the very 
centre of the prison, nnd the Italians beard it. 
and railed piteously for Captain David to let 
them out. or to lock them In, or give them 
weapons with which to defend thrnisclve*. 
Captain DavU gare what weapons he bud to 
his deputies, and Mil tire jail carpeutem to 
barricade tin- wooden door on Treme Street. 
Thu door led into his private room, and front 
that Into live prison proper. The crowd out- 
■i.le heard the Hounds of the hummers. Bud 
answered them with veils and jear» 

Tlie p runner* were, for the meat part, on 
the secuud door of the main building of the 
prtsun. The first rootn opening upon Iho 
brood corridor on lliHt lkmi in the dUfi-n 
sary. Xut to it is a room for prisoners who 
pay extra for board sixnew list liettef than the 
regular prison fam- In Unit mom were Joreph 
P Mscheca, Charles Malrauga, James Caniso. 
John Curitao, Frank Romero, Charles Bator- 
no. Salvador Sunarri, and Koco Genre!. 

The adjoining apartment U of a similar 
nature. It is called the "Star Chamber. 1 ' 
In it were Antonio and Asperl Marche*) (fa- 
ther and sou). Antonio Bagnetio Ihutian In- 
rardona, Pietro Mon aster io, Clmles Pietro, 
Loretta Conuu. Pietro Natali, and Chart** 
Traina. 

Manuel Politz was in solitary confinement 
in one of the condemned cells on the third 
door, on what D known as the “White 
Main hac " Oallery 

When Captain DavU heard the yells out- 
side answering the blows of the ham men. 
he ordered all the prisoners to he locked up 
iu tlreir cells, und the Italian suspect* to lie 
released, and to la* allowed to hide Uiemscln* 
if they could. He mid later that bU idea 
h ms to w.alicr them, ami to give them a chance 
for their lives. 

The majority of them were taken over to 
the women's side. Humeri arid Plctzo ran 
along the IIimi of cells until they struck a 
dark corner under the hack stairway. Cap- 
tain Davis formerly owned a hull • terrier 
named Queen, for which he built a dog 
home out of u dry -goods box, The two men 
crawled Into this Natali was on the wo- 
men's side. He ran serous lbs yard tu the 
wash house, opened the door, and crawled 
under a bench in one of Its corue rs. 

John CaruHi tunhed down a tan* with tlio 
others, ran into the while vsrd. where the 
prisoners were Just being locked up, and 
slipped into a cell with some of the many 
prisoners. He Was not found. 

lives rxloon ran along the gallery on (he 
second floor until he come to an old rubbish 
box. in which ho hid- Hu was also not 
found. 

M sell «a. Staffed i, and the elder Marchcsi 
hurried up stair* Ui the condemned gallery 
on the third door. Polltx had Jim U-cn taken 
down xUurs. The cell bad been locked be- 
hind him. and die other cell* on tlie gallery 
were alto locked. Machoca and tire others 
did not know this, and were, in consequence, 
trupped like brads iu a rage. 

The boy Marcheal wandered about tbe cor- 
ridor Just outside hi* Utc place of lluprifcOfl- 
ment. and bent at the bars of tbe cells and 
begged to lie let in. 

Two men who were never seen after their 
release, even Ivy iho keepers were Char Urn 
Mstranga and (.'barks Palortvo Tlvey cross- 
ed over into the women s yard with the oth- 
er*, ami then sought ti place of safely , dent 
w ha h they had evidently bran posted iu ad- 
vance. 

The mob outside the prison Mocked the 
streets now from the high walls of the jail 
varil to live wall* of the bouse* opposite. 
It was not fforcwlr demonstrative There 
were yells and cries and the shrill Mafia 
whistle, hut the mater, more terrible major- 
ity was silent and still waited. 

Captain Davis rent his deputies out Into 
the yard with their Wi neh retara under their 
arms, and rau to look at the burro tide across 
(lie door Ml Treme Street. It seemed sub- 
stantia] enough to him. Even yet tbr prison 
might he held. And then came a sound 
that made (Captain Davis gasp ami stand 
■till. U was the steady tramp of men 
marching, of cheers and answering cheer*, 
and the hoarse impatient roar of a great 
mob. Captain Davis ran to the big butted 
gate o' the Orleans entrance. A* he rent ti- 
ed it a cab. with the driver lashing hit 
borne, stopped with a jerk, and two de- 
tect] voa jumped oat. and sImmiIccI tu him 
that the vigilante committee were coming 
•• to lynch the dngnex." "Let them come,'" 
shouted Captain DavU; " they won t get In." 


But tbe vigilance committee went about 
getting in quite a* if Captain Davis had no- 
thing to do with it. \V. S. Parkernun, the 
District Attorney, John C YViukllffe. aivd 
Waller D. Denegre were at the bend of the 
committee- They had Just addremed the 
crowd that hast gathered in answer to live 
call from live Mono platform around the 
stains! of Henry Clay, at the junction of 
Canal and St. Charles strata. The crowd 
was great enough to block live cars of the 
Orleans Street railway, unit having blocked 
them, crawled to the top of them and cheered 
tile tipeakers. 

On thu balconkw of Griswold’s jewelry 
store, so the local pupers tell, were "a stmi- 
hvr of ladies. with their raeofta," who waved 
their handkerchief*. und who also cheered the 
speakers. The District Attorney aid. among 
oilier things, "When tbe Dw D jxowarless. 
tbe lights delegated by live people are rele 
gated back to the people, and they are Juatl- 
Bed in doing wlial live law has faded to do." 
lie charged tlw Jury with having been cor- 
rupted, and ask it. if the ja-ople were ready 
to follow him to the parish prison. Tbe peo- 
ple were quite ready. They reached the 
prison before be did, and demanded its keys 
trout Captain Davis. That sorely tried of 
ricial ret lived the keys, anil Uieu the mob 
turmd to (be little Woudutt door on Treme 
Street. There wus u pile of entd-wood on 
the street, und with blocks of these and u 
heavy stone iu the I lands of a negro, the lock 
gave way, ami the flimsy barricade, ami the 
lunges of the door. Tim mob were in 
povoevtiiun of the parish prison. There were 
not more tlvan sixty ibeu admitted John 
C. Wickilffe stood at the broken door, aivd 
examined those who tried to |aw. If they 
were; armed . and if they aaid they nvuuul to 
Use their weapons, liny were paa*etl ou. The 
merely curious were kept outside; anil sen- 
trie* were placed at every other exit from 
the prison to shoot down any escaping pris- 
oner. 

Pal kelson and Clvarles Hauled. with rides 
over their shoulders, led tlie men acmes tire 
yard and up Ui lire " Star Chamber." which 
they found empty. But on tire way they saw 
young Murcheu. and spared him. He ran 
into an open cell, nnd crawled under a bed. 
kl schwa, Hcafledt, und the elder Marched 
were hiding one Ireblnd lire direr iu tire rear 
of a pillar in front of tiie condemned cell. 
The tmil) saw Utetn, but could not reach 
Uiem, and called frantically to tbo deputies 
for the keys. Hcaffedi shov*«l himself lie- 
side tire protecting pillar for au Inntaut. aud 
win* sltol through lire head. Matvlmi, trem- 
bling ami blumbliiig forward, fell over lire 
dead body. Before Ire could raise hinurelf, 
and while Ire was snuggling to hi* feel. Ire 
was riddled with buckshot Muebeca whs 
alone now. and picking up an Indian dull, 
huai savagely at the lock of the gale leading 
from the gallery. Before be could break it, 
some cure brought the key for the gallery, 
and the door was thrown open and tlie mob 
crowded In. Tlie first bullet hit Muchccw 


gallery, Then some one pointed the lUltule 
of a gun at his shoulder, aiul he tiaued it 
aside. It shot Ills bund off. Another man 
pressed a nth; clow to his timed and fired, 
and Muc-lreca slid dowu.wilb hi* laick against 
the wall, and tbe crowd paused ou over him. 
Six more were found iu live women * yatd 
outside of llMMCoodoell from tire door; they 
were huddled together oil their k trees, with 
their hands raised, begging for mercy. They 
were all killed. One of thio*- — Jim Caruso— 
received fori) two bullets in all. This seems 
more tlnui enough to kill one man. Iwit tills 
Is wlial liapfrens when "the law is relegated 
to tire people." Two other*— Manuel PoJItx 
and Aulouio Hugtteltu— were banged outside 
of the Jail. Tbi* atiie to have been done to 
propitiate the mob, w ho had missetl tire brat 
putt of tire shooting. but who were afterward 
admitted iu detachment* of ten and liftueu 
to see wbal find been so well done. 

Pul »t* was lire young man who went itt> 
sane early in the trial. Hu recovered lilts 
mind, but lot It again when be heard lire 
cries outside the Jail early in the morning. 
He was found, chattering to himself and 
quite mad. crouching under a stuiitwre. and 
was dragged out. ami " kicked on Uie way” 
to a lamp- pool. The rope broke tire first time, 
and on lire sreond attempt the hoy caught at 
it, and drew bimnelf up hand over lisnd un- 
til he rvaeia-d tbe ctoh*- piece of lire lamp- 
post. where be hung gasping. Then the 
young man who had cllmlxd the lump -poet 
to Mijjonl lire ro]H‘ It-al him in die fare 
with ins ti-; until he let go his bold. He 
fell Iwitk to the pavement, and was raised a 
third time, hut again dragged himself up by 
tire rope. Then the people tied hie hands, 
ami for the fourth tiore pulled him up into 
tbe air. This last ami succemful effort. »t 
arc told, was “greeted by deafening cheers 
from the crowd," who immediately lure Ills 
clothing off Ids imck to divide iw souvenir*. 
" -is it hung iu the sunlight." so one of the 
local papera says, "it made a somewhat 
ghastly picture, with the exposed lain.' flesh 
turix-d to a deathly gmotlsh pallor ' After 
litis the mob walked bark to the status 1 of 
Henry Clay, "cheerwl ou itn return inarch 
by the ladies and Children on the liulcnnies," 
where it dispersed quietly. And in this way. 
on the 14th or March, l’WH. did tire promi- 
nent cilice nt of New- Orleans show tbut they 
were • Ju-tibed iu doing whut lire Uw failed 


AT THE RESTAURANT. 

BY OBOBOS L PITNAM 

Thkhe were five of Uiein, imd very good 
friend* you would have said bad you been a 
guest at one of llreir assemlilie*. A i harm- 
ing feature of the pentagonal friendship wa* 
ili»i it pcwMWMd depth* und sliallows a* yet 
surmised rather than developed. This lent 
ad<Ud interest to (heir meetings. 

Titey usually nn-t in the litlTr | wtlor of tbe 
First and Second Medium*, wlto were mar- 
ried. A pretence of regard for tire concern 
lioiuxlities led to tire adoption of this ren- 
dervous. But sometime*, with Bohemian 
iml< |«-inicncT. Urey met in the alevier of lire 
Artist oil lire lop flour of lire block, where 
Msmsi'llu was working fitfully on a repre- 
sentation in oils of a decanter, a pipe, und a 
paper of Udwcco. Up here tbe \ outh play- 
ed waltrc* on tire guitar, to which liameellc, 
tbo Artist and tire two Mtsliums danced. 
When Ma ma alk and lire Artist valued to- 
gether, tire music usually came to an abrupt 
end: and tire First Medium would rsrwl to her 
bustiand when they reached lire little parlor 
and say : 

“ It s* so. He love* her. aod be is so ab- 
surdly jealous of lire artist." 

" Ach nrelnV the Second Medium would 
reply. " It is that upper E. It should lie 
of gut. und this is wire.' 

" La. la, hi; wait and see." 

And tire First Medium knew, trust her for 
that But tbo You Ui was so diffident, she 
thought sometimes the matter made no pnv- 
grea* at all. This was her chief trial. She 
w as so happy Iverat-lf — she bad not been mar- 
ried a year— (bat she wanted Mamsclle to be 
hippy too. and this wa* manifestly impuwi 
ble except from ex|rerieocc. 

Ho tire Youth continuously worshipped, 
trembling, from afar, and Mamsclle. on her 
pedestal, turned toward him a face of un- 
concern. Agnin. tire Artist bad an imprv* 
si ve way of adjusting bis eye-glasses ami 
saying "Ah?' tliat induced in the 1(1111(1(11*1 
Youth an overwhelming sense of unworlhi- 
nc*» Then Mamsclle and the Aril«t would 
engage in long animated ciuivcruttinns on 
art. and as (bt* was all Greek to lire Youth, 
Ire perceived the futility of his suit anew, 
and luvcd her more devotedly than ever. 

. “ Why don't von enmurage him a little?" 
said the Pint Medium to Mamsclle. 

“Remember, I am nineteen and digni- 
fied.'' 

" But Ire is so bashful. " 

*• Evidently." 

" And the poor fellow lovea you?" 
-ptaudbly ” 


and I don't— know it 

Thera was but one subject upon which the 
live duagnred. nnd that was restaurants 

Tire Mediums were devoted to German 
cookery, and sought out little abominations 
in side streets, where the vale saner kraut and 
pdcUoa. The Artist said the French were tire 
only correct judges of what to cut and bnw 
to oat it. and Maniselle ngrrrd with him; 
first, Irecunse Ire had studied iu Paris und 
ought to know ; and second, because tire 
Youth abhorred innovations and Innovators, 
and would patronise none but Intensely 
American eating bouses. 

In their forays about tire city the}' would 
occasionally discover and test new n>l»u- 
rants of one stripe or number, and i>rai»! 
tbcm judiciously. It w*» thus that the Youth 
walked exultantly into lire litlle parlor one 
evening in Christmas week, and told of ids 
latest find. The two Mediums wens there. 

"Gut a jewel this time ' «sid Ire. “Ate 
llrerv this nxirniiig, lignin at noon, and going 
tbero now. AbU 1 *a> " — MlmuUtlng the 
sudden lu-ceu-Um of an idea— "let's all gti. 
You'll like it. 1 promise you." 

•' Of com well go; won't we. dear?" said 
tbe First Medium, turning her wiilruce tow 
ard her iiusband 

" If you MV so. But I have forebodings." 

•' Where — 6 begun the Youth. 

"Oh! they ant iijwtair*, at work Mein 
Herr, von run tip ami tell them what we are 
all to do." 

The Heontwl Medium went olwdienlly . and 
tire First Medium Hang softly to lrer*«i( ns 
she pinned on her hal. Sbe was sorry for 
tire Youth, ami was thinking what die could 

"The Artist is an excellent instructor, 
don't you think?" sire ventured 

"Olreyeu, I suppose so — I judge so But 
I don't know anything about pictures, *o it's 
all lost on me." 

Sire made a little «J*w«r o( diaMiisfactlno at 
herself in lire glass. Then sire tried another 
tack 

" I'd like to tell you anntrtiiing," said die. 
confidential! v. over her shoulder 

Tlie Youth grasped her meaning at once. 
ThU was not their first similar convcnoi 
llotx 

" I'd love to have you, if it'a any good, 
fait things don't teem to entire my way If 
I could write a* well as ire jaunts, she might 
look at me. Bui — " 

His tone exhausted her patience, Hire 
slumped her little font at him. 

" Wall, why don't you do aomething? I 
wish I was n miui! I'd anon have an under- 
standing with that— angel! But you mope!" 

Tbe Youth was properly touched by Ibis 
vigorous scoring. 

You don't urean to say — " 


“ Oh, nothing, nothing," airily- " Only if 
you can't see wlial I* right before your eye*. 
I'm sorry. Here they are BOW." 

In canto Mamsclle and the Artist, with 
the Hecoml Medium bringing up tire rear. 
Hesitatingly the Youth made lit* invitation 
general 

" There's a new restaurant 'round tire cor 
net— down here a few blocks — and 1 thought 
we might ull go then* to-night just for 
fUIL " 

" AU ? And afterward to • Ln France ' and 
get awuethiug to eul. jY'rd re t*ut" Miid 
the Artist. 

But nobody pn«l any nUeullon to him. 
for they were Ju*t starting. The Artist 
with Mamsclle walked ou shea 1. and the 
Youth, after u moment's Irehltatii'n. follow 
rsl with the two Medium* Tl«u first of 
t I kw- drew n sigh, und shook her head de- 
a|*iringly 


Presently the leading couple stopped. 
"I say. 'rudled tbo Artist, "thu isn't 
place, is it— eh?" 

"That* it," returned the Youth, 


tire 


We were— ah-- admiring Lire transparen- 
cy." said tlie Aftbt: and they all looked at a 
h'riilhuit spcclmcu of leUrriug that reud . 


"There l* au tutiinaliou of turkey and 
cranberry sauce for you," raid Iho Youth, 
expectantly. 

" Well. Icjtd on." said tlie Artist. “ I'm a 
bit timid myself." 

"Oh. go' right along, You'll freeze to 
death here," said lire Youth, as, with sudden 
resolution, he advanced to the dour and ac- 
tually iiandcd Mamsclle in. 

This sc surprised lire Artist that he was 
obliged to lemljust hit vyoglaaa snd rour 
mttr " Ah*" in!fore be could advance a step. 
The First Medium cam; up smiting approv- 

"ft Youlli sttuighteoed up like a soldier. 
" I'm lit tire tight, now," raw be, hoarwly. 
"And 1 ntn going to stay to a finish." 

Directly after oidcrlng. the First Medium 
prixluind s pad and pencil, ami scribbled fu- 
riously for a monrent. With a little laugh, 
she handed it to the Youth. 

' Add your share, and pasa it along." said 
sire. 

The Y'outh read, und smiled. "It's a 
round- robin, is it?" 

Then he wrote, and tbe Artist alv.i. Mam- 
aelle hcciune curious, ami bringing her iiead 
very near tire Artist's shoulder, read a few 
linn. 

" That * horrid How couhl you Ire **» — so 
foolish?" Hbe laughed nervously, looking at 
the Youth. As sbu spoke she rolled her 
hamlkercliiL'f iu n little Imlt. and threw it «t 
the ArtUr. He eicajred uninjured, and tire 
minwle ft II to the floor. It was the Youtii 
who picked it up and [(ockctrd it. dcajHtu of 
Mnmwllc'* mnonstranees. 

"It's your turn, Mamsclle. Phrase to 
write, "sa’nl the Artist. 

" I won't write! I am hungry, and here l* 
the dinner 1 shall eat." 

With a playful air of authority the Artist 
removed her plate. The Youth at once gal- 
lantly Mihatiliited his own. 

"A* punishment for your refusal." **id 
the First Medium, "you will Ire obliged to 
arretrt this, neatly engrooMd and trained, 
and keep it alwuys in your sight " 

" I'm resigned. There Blight be a worse 
fate, " returned Mamsclle, flash mg a daring 
glance ni the Artist. " Please give me rnv 
handkerchief, "she continued, uldruasing the 
Youth. 

• 1 want it." raid be. 

“So do I." 

" Lend you mine." 

"I want my own; jtive it me, 'she de- 
mandad. 

" 1 am going to keep it-" 

“You arc not." 

"Children, children." interrupted the First 
Medium, desperately uhtrtiird. "you must 


things and thingi.— but don't quarrel." 

Hairaslie rettrvtl lrehind an impenetrable 
screen of silence, and tbe Youlli rejoiced to 
think they were at least lovers enough to 
have a disagrec-menl, unit that In- had come 
off victor. It HUgillcri well, be tholight- 

Wbcn the live emerged from tbe American 
rcstaumnl the Youth usurped the Artist'* 
place, nnd walked off with Mamsclle oo his 
arm. The other*, under tire manipulation 
of tbe First Medium, lingered somewhat un 
ner**Ktri)y lx hi mi- 
ll iga* the Y outh who opokc. lie find to 
h wallow very hard, and Mamsclle could feci 
his srm tremble. 

• DotTl you tltink— we hint better settle 
tliis now?" 

She looked Up. but immediately twst Iier 
rye* down again. There was a world of 
imraning in life glance. 

• ThtsF' sire murmured, faintly 

"Y'e— yes. Tell me — shall 1 give your 
haudkrvcllief back— or msv 1 keep it?" 

Again she looked up. with tile least su*pi- 
clou of a smile. 

" Kecj( it," she said. " I don't think be 
really cam. " 

•He? Wlwif 

Hbr iauglusi lightly. 

•• Why. the Artist. Didn't you know? 

We're to Ire married iu June." 




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Tlic River Front. 3. Watmh Elevator. 8. On the Greek. 4. Stcdnuui Monument. 5. St. C'lair Street. Produce Exchange. Moody IIou<e, am] FirU Congregational Cliurcb. ft View from the II ridge 7. Towing I/>a» 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 



«mn iraxsva osnraiuvo 





HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1788. 


230 


WHICH? 

Ok. which w«rr bM, anil who aonlil iDrv Co choose 
BHkocs the (tU-i-2 who S»Ai» yon u |,l» life, 
Oxuuit.s all riloft wofllilnw ll hhi stiM* 

Win fmm 71m wo food mnh etui Uni In liw 
All *c b*i you: ur him yon kuoo 110 rate 
Of Uiua an pnrl jr.»r aval from, ami *•» knife 
Of tale dimeter. though *» toognes tw Hie 
Willi talra >4 Mamh'r lile fair tune In bmlau t 

To l»»» or lo h* l.ni.1* To tnk« alway 
Or Band Willi gni" «f line brflire che gau 
Of owe teluted* Ali.eutioqs heart: hrllr.v 
All lore wine Owe, aad iliotcr wot lo<Mi ph; 

Ik Oil*. Thaw two inowK ew or tale I 

Uwu K*t Aaina 


THE CITY OP TOLEDO. 

BY WILLIAM WILLARD HOWARD 

Amobo I be various explanations r.f Hie bo- 
ginning of (lie city of Toledo anil lire rcu 
sons for its existence there D one thru in 
hardly |inn tbe prominence that it really 
deserve- This In the part taken by tlie Walk 
iu-iht- Water, tbe first steam-boot on Like 
Erie, in establishing the permanence of To- 
livin'* location. The history of the bead of 
Lake Erie show* tint in the year 1818 the 
W.ilkaa tf«. W.iUr »n* Iniill to nm between 
the city of lluffnlu anil tbe loa n of Orleans, 
which wst a mull place pfO^Ktad and nan- 
(d by tbe builders or the DML At Hut lime 
there were three town* near Hie rapid* in the 
Muumt-c ItiveT nlmut fifteen mile* from Ure 
lake Tliey were * irfean*. Maumee, nod Per 
rysburg and rack Iowa built it* hope* u|ion 
the fact that it was tbe bead of navigation tn 
the Maumee Hirer. It wan nnluriilly *«tp- 
posed Hint Orleans Would lure an advantage 
in Ure matter of iMisiiwws and consequent 
growth, because tl»e builder* were prepared 
to ooutrnl the lake carrying trade in their 
new steamboat, whieli *» at that particular 
lime the latest triumpli of Lake Erie civili- 
sation H must be owned Hut tlie builder* 
of Orleans Were full v justified in believing 
that they bail a gom! thing In the combioa- 
lion of town and steam limit, ami yet it was 
till* same steamboat Hut swept the hopes of 
Orleans from Hie face of earth On ii* first 
trip to the Mouroee Hie unruly and idlogrt ti- 
er ungrateful sli-.im lh.nl refuted lo go fur- 
ther up tlie liver Hi 111 the site of Toledo, ntnl 
a* Kuril a refusal w as peremptory, unlca* tlie 
Imildi-rs wished lo pul the Bint on wheel*. 
Hie head of navigation was reluctantly moved 
some mile* dnurn Hie river. 

At this distance of time all thin ban its 
amusing side, and yrt at dial time rt viw a 
very serious matter. especially to the project- 
or* and owner* of the heart -broken town of 
Orleans. The Hoit-l'n Ikt- Wrttrr seem* lo 
have Itad a great deal of unsuspected steam 
boat sense, for when- she estaldislHvi the bend 
of itavieuliun on the Maumee there grew a 
city, which in this rear of 1891 lias a popu- 
lation of about 83.001) 

It must not lie supposed that Toledo Itad 
all easy lime in establishing her position a* 
chief town of the region at lire head of the 
lake; 00 the contrary. Ill* rivalry between 
her and the other soiWtlooH placet round- 
about wa* long and biller. atld, in fact.it nity 
fie Mild lli.il ll«*t <1 in il Toledo hud secured the 
building of the Erie and KuLtnu/10 Hnilrond 
to Adrian. Michigan, ill l&M. aiel had also 
secured the IViihusli Canal and the impor- 
tant Miami Canal to Cincinnati, in 18-13 ami 
184.3 respectively, that the questions of wa- 
ter communication and of commercial su- 
premacy were definitely Milled. It may lie 
mentioned iu pawing thnt the Eric ami 
KahmioAuo Railroad w as the first railroad to 
1* built west of Syracuse, and although it 
wat only thirty three mile* in extent, yet il 
really did more to encourage tlie growth of 
Toledo ilmu any other one thing in the early 
history of tlie town. It not only guve lire 
new pUre more Ihnn ordinary ail vantage* in 
tire matter or inland trade, but made Toledo 
Hie mml important point between Chicago 
and Cleveland in the railway system or the 
middle Writ when it was more fully devel- 
oped iu later year*. 

This pioneer rullroad has been followed 
from time to lime by a number of Hie ino-t 
Important railway system* of lire L'nited 
Mate* A glance at tire rullway situation 
here shows the present advantage* of the city 
with regard in rail transportation Tire Lake 
Shore and Michigan Southern nlncea Tnlnlo 
in line with Chicago and New York and inter- 
mediate cities; the Pennsylvania give* acres* 
to Philadelphia and nil the country reached 
by lire Pennsylvania and il* branebpt; the ■ 
Wabash give* a direct route lo St. Louis and 
Kansas City; tire Cincinnati, Hamilton, and 
Day too provides an outlet to Indianapolis 
and tin! Ohio Valley, the Columbus. Ilock 
ing Valley, and Toledo reaches lire Ohio Riv- 
er at Gallipoli* by way ..f tire capital of Hie 
Mate of Ollio; the Michigan Central rraclre* 
out to Detroit. Buffalo, and Mackinaw, the 
Flint and Pierre Marquette goes into Hie lum- 
ber am: mining region* of northern Michi- 
gan by way of ratgluaw ami Bay City: the 
Toledo, Ann Arbor, and Northern Michi- 
gan also tap* lire rich regions of northern 
Michigan bv a different nun- tire Wheeling 
and Lake Eric touches lire West Virginia 
country; the Toledo. Si. Louis and Kanaaa 
City give* a competing outlet to SL Ixiub; 
tire" Toledo and Ohio Central connect- Corn- 
ing and Columbus with lake navigation ; tbe 


Toledo. Jackson, and Mackinaw levies tribute 
upon tire trade of tbe country la-tween tire 
lieud of the lake and Allegan "and Hie Tole- 
do. C'ulumlwi*. and Cincinnati completes the 
ruilwuv situation with a Hire to Bowling 
Green. Findlay, and Kenton. 1 have men- 
tioned these railroad* in detail because any 
tuna who bus tlie curiosity to aoc what ex- 
tent of country is covered by rail nxi<L hav- 
ing tracks or connection* at Toledo treed 
only to consult a man of lire United States 
lo iearti for himself all that there Dio know. 
Ilia railway situation, with this list of roads 
as u basis of beginning, will be Very easily 
understood. 

In taking into consideration Toledo's ad- 
vantage* In the matter of tire transportation 
of miuiiifnclurcd goods, cool. Iron, and other 
products of the iilbutary country, the lake 
si tiintiim should by no menus I* lost sight of. 
The harbor of Toledo i* In the track of all 
vchm-Ik Unit ply between the eastern ports and 
Duluth or Chicago. There Is thus water 
con licet l<m with all the important centres of 
Eastern uml Western Imttlc. In the matter of 
freight rate* alone title tv an important mat- 
ter, tieriiusra it place* Toledo in direct water 
connection with Chicago. Dulnili. Detroit, 
Cleveland. Buffalo, anil New York. If a 
manufacturer is out always satisfied with 
mil shipments, he has only to change his 
route a trifle, and ship by water, which D a 
method of transportation both convenient 
ami cheap. 

In addition to tire lake system of transpor- 
tation, tire Miami Canal gives a cheap means 
of communication with the Ohio River and 
western Ohio. ex|w*-inlly in tire transporta- 
tion of lumber and other heavy articles of 
merchandise. That Toledo's opportunities 
in lire way of water transportation are fully 
appreciated is pretty fully shown in the fact 
that tire already commodious harbor is to in; 
still furtlrer Improved by the construction of 
n straight elinnuel lo Lake Eric. This w ill Is- 
done by tbe government at a com of several 
million* of dollars. When litis is dour, tbe 
shipping lxnalnw may I* expected to show 
a steady ittrrraar, nl though lire harbor now 
i* a very lively spot In the navigation season. 

One of the harbor's chief industries in tire 
set *on is the shipment of grain to the Eastern 
seaboard. Grouped about on the wharves 
are twelve Urge elevators, which have an 
aggregate storage capacity of 7.2M.OOO Dish- 
cE and facilities for receiving ami shipping 
1 .940,000 bus bo I* of grain a <Dy. Moored 
side by side with the vessel* Hint living grain 
to these elevator* ate otlrer veaaela tint eurry 
many UioumikD of feet of lumber from the 
mill* of the norllretn lake region and much 
ore from the Ulu Superior mine*. and not 
far away are still other vessel* loaded with 
coal from t Ire mitres of Ohio, Toledo Haris u- 
arem* to he a natumi meeting-plane for cheap 
coal ami clreap oie, and for otlier thing* that 
go into the manufacture of various kind* of 
staple article*. This is a Hlgoiftcanl point 
for nrutotifnciiirers to consider, When coal 
and iron come together by tire laws of nature, 
at thnt pine* nature intended should lie built 
wurk*ho|Ki mid factories. Tire natural iuU 
nUifN of Toledo in tbB reaped have al- 
ready licro niailc u*cof lo a large extent and 
the people of Ht« eity are encouraging similar 
enterprise* by offering free site* lo manufac- 
turers. and iu other way* giving aksi»Uix-u 
to men who will make lire of Hie opportuni- 
ties here offered. Something of the progress 
of Hie city In manufacturing enterprises may 
Ire h-urned from the report* of the census for 
some time past. The census of 1850 allowed 
thnt there were iu Toledo at Hint time :W 
mnnufacturiug t'MablisluiK'tiD. which eni- 
ployed 288 bands, and manufactured grxnls 
to the value of ffiMASS: in 1880 there were 
1W concerns, employing «13 band*, and turn- 
ing out a pnxluct worth $1,3)18.390. in 18ND 
tlu-re were- 440 firms with 4-3..VM.283 invested 
a* capital . i-m ploying tVT-'tK bunds, and a yearly 
uutpuluf |10.6eSHH.«l. It i«a*M-lteiJ that the 
census figure* of 1x91 will sltow a decided 
improvement on these figure*. 

It may confidently ire expected that the 
census reports for the year 1900 will show a 
woodsrfui growth in tlie number and extent 
of manufiu-liiring coacerno. chiclly far the 
reason that tlie ducovery of large resources 
of natural go* war tbe city of Toledo bus 
given to iMiinufacturers a new fuel. Tlie val- 
ue ol nalimil gas for inamifacturing purposes 
i* fully appreciated only in thcoe diatricts 
which Imre gas wi lls in successful operation. 
The gn-nl inanufartiiring city of I’iltsl.urgh, 
Fennsylvanls. lias long since dcenottslrated 
that giis i* not only one of the ls-»t fuel* in 
existence, both ns regards convenience amt 
ebeapnere. hut that it Is undoubtedly the very 
Iresl fuel far domestic purpose* in tbe known 
world. Natural gtw is not of much tree for 
illuminnting purpore* unless il is largely 
mixed with dad gas iu a iaanuf*otured Mate, 
but for the kitchen fire, and for the parlor 
and sk-eping-cti amber, it lia* no sutrerior. It 
is rh-*n. clreap. quirk, ami safe- Tire jieoplu 
of Tokslo have been using natural gns t<ir 
rbvmoMre |Mirp«wc* for tin- put three years, 
the supply being drawn from gas wells in 
isortbwostrrn Ohio, alreut thirty eight mile* 
distant; but now the municipality of Tole- 
do proposes to go Into the gas business as a 
city affair, and to supply any quantity of 
gas for domestic and manufacturers' use at 
actual cat. Thu people of tlio city have 
every reason to congratulate themselves that 
thi* important Men Jin* I recti taken. Is-eauso 
It means a great deal lo their comfort, con- 
venience, and prosperity. A* autbunxed by 
law. the city will spend f T-'iH.OOO in the pur 


chase of css territory and in hiving the lie- 
re-wary pipca. In the city Itself there will 
Ire laid aliout 90 mile* of gas main*, which 
will supply about 1W.000.UW1 culm- feet of 
gu» per day if dcmiuidrel. This amount will 
Ire something like four times the present sup- 
ply. It In estimated that tire cost of tire gnu 
to consumr-T* will average about five cent* 
per 1000 feel. That this is * remarkably 
cheap rate is shown liv the charge* far nat- 
ural gas ill the iV-nuHilvaniaoil fields, where 
tire rate i* from 19 to 23 rents. In Pittsburgh, 
IVutrerlvania. where tire supply Is unusually 
huge, the dost B 12) cent*. As tire gas miji- 
ply for Tolcilo will be limited lo lire actual 
cost, there Is every reason to believe that the 
city will have not only the cheapest gn* rale 
in ‘the United Mates, but also the cheapest 
fuel iu lire world, For manufacturing pur- 
poses, coal at two dollars a ton is considered 
reasonably cheap. As a matter of fact, very 
few cities in thi* country get it at less than 
that price: and yet at two dollars per toil, 
coal l* more Uinu twice as dear as an equal 
amount of fuelranking gas. No steam-user 
would long hniuut between the m of coal 
or gnn if he bail tbe clwdce. 

Natural gas bos been used as fuel In Ohio 
for only four or five years, although it lix* 
furnished heat and power lo lire people of 
tire Pennsylvania oil region* for n much long- 
er period of time. Pcrhspe the must cun 
spicuou* example of tire trenefits to be gainrd 
by tire live of natural gas D the growth of lire 
town of Findlay, Ohio, which ha* in four 
years risen from a papulation of four thou 
‘and to a population of twenty three thou- 
sand The iiirrcan- has been caused almost 
entirely by the addition of iiiuuufacturing 
conorrns to Ure indusirii.-* of tire place, Man 
ufocturera who n-cre looking for cheap fuel 
found it at Findlay, and. in fart, at other 
place* in the Ohio gas belt : and vilbiL'c* that 
Itad known nothing more Mining titan Ure 
weekly agricultural market found I bent - 
selves comm ting with one another a* manu- 
facturing and commercial centre*. If these 
towns, winch arc remote from water trans- 
portation. mid which an- not overburdened 
w ith competing railroad line*, can nbow aucli 
mnarkaldo progress in Iwsinna growth, it I* 
Certainly reasonable to lielieve that the city 
of Toledo, wltb nil Its advantage* of rail aa<l 
water shipment*, and its easy nrcess to Hre 
raw material of several Mate*, will liecome 
odc of tire greatest inaiiufarturtiig pnint* in 
the United State*. The frequent prophecy 
that lire gna supply will some day Kmldculy 
come lo an end lia* not vet been fulfilled, uor 
are there any signs that It will I*-. Five years 
ago tbe flr*l commercial gas wells were drill- 
ed at Findlay, iuh! at Ure present time the 
flow of g«K from lire pioneer well is as strong 
a» ever IntUtree* might ho given from tire 
IVuasvIvanD field* showing the pennanenre 
of tbe'gaa supply, lait lire contlaood expan 
' aioa of tire go* supply in all part* of Ure go* 
llehl* make* Hint unnecnsuiry. Gtw wells 
sometime* give out, as oil well* frequent ly do; 
hut when one fails, another one is drilled to 
mkc Its place. Tire logic of muon bn* been 
applii-d to lire oil business and lo tire gns buti- 
nc-iis time after time by some of the most scien- 
tific of men. Ian yet tire oil wells continue to 
lie an uncertain iii Hieir action a» thev were in 
the tally day* of Oil Creek and Pitboto. The 
practical oil producer knows a few things 
aliout oil well* from long and pcrltaps costly 
experience; but what he doe* know is merest 
conjecture when compared to what be doe* 
not know; and in saying this 1 am aware 
that there are a great many very shrewd and 
capable men engaged in tire busiBCM. The 
only certain thing ulaiut tlie oil business U 
it* ‘uncertainty ; and I think that the Mine 
thing tnuy tn- justly raid of the natural gas 
Indutlry. Experienced men in Ure IVnn-yl 
vnnia regions have faitli enough in Hie per- 
matreucy >if tlie gas supply lo ittvo>t numy 
millions r.f dollars in gas land*, gas well*, and 
pipe; and when they do that it is pretty solid 
evidence that their experience lustifics Uiero 
in doing so. The fact llut Pennsylvania 
capttullst*. - and men. too. who Itavc made 
their money at this sort of thing— are com- 
Mainly on tire alert to buy ga* lands In the 
Ohio field* may lie taken its ri-iuiwiably con- 
clusive evidence that tbe municipality of 
Toledo t» not acting unwisely in spending 
three ipinrlcre of u million nl dollani iu gas 
plant. It may be maintained a* a broad 
principle of pnHlicul econntuy that a muniri- 
paiiiy is JuMifled in taking any reasonable 
measures to promote the growth of its popu- 
lation and blktint-M; and «* -rtninly. if the MIC- 
ect* of other place* that have begun tlie me 
of n.tt ii ml gas is to he taken Into account, it 
roust Ire admitted that the prospect* of Tole- 
do ari! very far from 1 icing doubtful. What 
lias been dime Iu places which do not have 
tire natural sd vantages of Toledo may he 
done here ou a much larger aod more sue- 
ccurful scale 

The visitor to the city at the head of tbe 
lake will find, however, that there are other 
things to think about beside* lake shipping, 
railway llnesjrraln elevator*. Imnlx-r wharves, 
and manufactures, although it must Ire ac- 
knowledged that to Ure practical man theae 
things arc remarkably nttrartive and inter- 
esting. Tire strauger will find Toledo to he 
one of Ure imwt rih-asant and agreeable ritirs 
In the middle West, «Dil in Utli WOtloa of 
Ure United States modem American ri vibra- 
tion will be found at it* highest slate of de- 
velopment. Tire people Irere have built a 
solid, substantial, and altogether comfortable 
city, with few outward algti* of material or- 
iental too, and yet a city which ha* it* wealth, 


Id culture, and It* uvctal life in a* high a de- 
gree a* many an older city fnrllrer E»*L By 
their more anilfitlous neigbUira tbe people of 
Toledo arc looked upon a* being a t title too 
comrerrutfve. if not artually slow, which is 
In tire West a very reprehensible phase of 
character. Jt perhaps may not tic denied 
that tbe g.iod folk of Tokdu have in the past 
licen rather inclined to rotMcrvalimt; aud 
1 fancy Hint they have given their more llvc- 
Iv Western friends h-se credit for Solidity of 
c-ltaracter than they should have done, thus 
Indicatiog that tlrey were pretty well sati.th-d 
with tlicin selves ami lireir way "of conducting 
their affair*. All cities are more or It-** like- 
ly lo fall into conservative habits, even ia 
Hit! golden tinted West, ami it is nut Minnge 
that Toledo should Ire open to this charge. 

I nm glad lo nuy. however, that there |» (era 
clmoce for amhitious neighbors to lodge a 
charge of this kind now than there ha* been 
In time* jaxM. I localise everything points to 
an awakening from the mild dtrjr of Conner 
vutiatn to a fuller renllratlou of the <>pi>oriu- 
nitre* thnt lire at hand. 

As a natural result of the old spirit of con- 
servatism. the wicial side of Toledo bus n 
rnUier thick crust of exclusiveneiM, alUiougb 
tlmt, too. may be broken by a uew era ..f bet- 
ter anti broader feeling. Tin-re- ate many 
amiable people in Toledo, and tliey live in 
very comfortable Itooatw, where they are *ur 
rounded by the 1**t that modern rjvilimtioo 
lia* to offer; am) while it may be admitted 
that tliey have a perfect right to shut them- 
sHve* up If they want to. Mill it is a pity 
that so much that is good nod amiable hlumld 
Ire denied lo so many of their 1 cm fortunate 
neighbor*. It has la-en said that mau is hut 
■ truster* of his brains or his wealth, and thnt 
Ire should um- tlicse things for Ure general - 
goid of mankind. In like manner, man 
should I* 6 only n trusts* of bD social quali- 
ties. tuid lie should endeavor to use those 
qualities so that other peraon* may have 
some enjoyment of them. I fancy Inal tbe 
social conservative of Tuledo rarely pauses 
to Hiiiik that be Is wasting his time by shut- 
ting hitnarif up in a small circle of ultimate 
frii-rnU. who p‘t to know him and to know 
liis wave *o that he nclitally loses hi* sodni 
InteveM Society in UicEam D getting brood- 
er and less conaervnUve, and is all lire bettor 
for it. 3Vby slmuld not Toledo mark tbe 
new beginning in il* life by following this 
example? The native of Toledo may differ 
from me entirely, hut I hare no U-MlsUon in 
saying that Ibis Is tbe way lu which the sit- 
uation strike* the stranger. 

In its iiitrllrclual life Toledo i* more ful- 
ly abreast of tire trend of modern progress. 
Her public schrad system cannot la- surpass- 
es! by any city In the country of tire sumo 
sixe. Sire lia* twenty nine schiwd bulldlUKU, 
Worth $7.30, IKiO. and has. In addition to tin- 
public seboob, one of the most complete and 
comprelit n*i\e manual training srhixtls in 
tire United State* Bwidesliie public school* 
there an- a number of pnrochial. private, atnl 
free MhooDfor Instruction iu *|*<-iid depart 
tnents, including training in industrial and 
kindergarten education. Aaasnppfomrfiiaiy 
cducaturoal rraourcc, the city lias a library 
of nearly .tO.OOO carefully selected laa»k*. 
which an- coutainoJ in a new and attractive 
library building, which coat tbe eity (fllUMI. 
The Sohller*’ .Memorial Hall is one of the 
largest and most cocitn odious public build* 
Inga of thf kind in the country. It was 
erected in recognition of tbn services of the 
)ailrii>1ir citlzeu* iu the defcuce of llte Union 
dating tire war of the rebellion 

As a plute of residence Tolcilo will lie 
found to be very pleasant, especially during 
the summer season. The city {m*o«-so-» J ;i 
its excellent river facllitlrt fur u distance of 
fifteen miles, ami in its contiguity to the 1st 
and* of Lake Eric, lire Detroit River, and 
the upper lakes, opportunities for Hutntncr 
day recreation not enjoyed by any ocher city 
of Ure Great Luke*. Tbe sanitary airangc- 
nrent* in the city iuHf arc unusually com- 
plete, there being sixty mile* i>r good sewers, 
which were laid nl a ciist of $1 .009,000. The 
sy virtu of waterworks include* sixty miles 
Of mains, which ciwt $t .300,900. in this, as 
in other thing*. Ure city has done its utmost 
to make itaelf one of the nut habitable 
places in its section of country, and to p«r- 
rotis wire have lookevl the ground over care- 
fully and noted the results there Is every in- 
dication that it has succeeded. 

In carrying out public Improvement* and 
iu projecting new ones, the leading ritixctu 
have Den greatly encouraged and aualaiflcd 
bv a liitcral and intelligent press, Here, us 
elsewhere amuug the most progressive cities 
of America, the newspaper* have done itti 
pottaiit service In suggesting ami m-ommend- 
mg public inmmurrs likely to benefit the Mi 
pie. Tire Toledo papi-ra are among lire Istl 
known in tbe Mate of < )bk). The tilailt has for 
many year* hail an International reputation 
for a peculiar vein of political humor, w hich 
was the inspiration of the late Mr, iM-ke, 
tbe editor of the paper. A|>art from it* lui- 
no irons side, the flLiiU ha> a local n-pulu 
lion for gtsjil sense uikI u fearless advocacy 
of things which are right and just. The 
Toledo (Aimturrriai was some time ngo re 
orgatslftrei. aud with Mr. P. C. BoTk ut it* 
hc.vl, it i* now growing to be one of lire fore- 
most morning dailies of the entire luke re- 
gion Mr Hoyle fully appreciates the op- 
portunities for Tokiio's advancement in con- 
nection witli the development of the oil and 
gas field* of northwestern Ohio, while at the 
same lime keeping well abreast of current 
events in otlier directions. 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


231 





Attonr Tks yimw aoo Rvcrt Janren Wen. 
dell, (hm prawlrnl of tbe Harvard Athletic 
Areociallnu and no undergraduate. proposed 
an annual m-rie* of competitive truck events 
between Yale and Bimrd. Mr Wendell ln- 
boml long and diligently In bis efforts to 
bring ubniil such a Uieetlug. but UD8UCCC** 
fully, Thu bugaboo of the- dual league bud 
even at tkat date been abroad in Ike land, 
find. In cenaequmc*. tko idea found murk 
opposition from tlmae who claimed to nee In 
It Ike genu of wkut Would or might develop 
into the murk dreaded dual combination. 
Since tkat time we kavo had auch a discus- 
aioo of tin dual league question as we a ludl 
probably not ugato Lave: ltd cinsHimmatlnn 
lias been nearer than it is eveT likely to be in 
Ike future, nod now. after catting about oil 
every aide for some mean* to the ih-tirod 
cud, a return is tinnilv mode lo substantial- 
ly the original plan fathered In ’83 by Mr. 

Turn* ha* always BEEN a feeling, cape- 
dally uinoug tbe ulumni of Ibe two college*, 
that the Interest of undergraduate and alumni 
would be greatly increased in llie respective 
til mil wnitsr by an minim] track ntblelii' meet- 
ing. This belief iind grown so strong and 
become so generally shored by graduates of 
lioth Yale and Harvard. tbal some of Ike 
prominent members of the University Club 
took the matter in band, and tbe rmqlt Is 
allow o in tbe following Deed of Gift, first 
made public with Ibis issue of the WEEKLY. 

" Tbe undersigned hereby offer to the stu- 
dents of Harvard University turd Yale Uni- 
versity a cup, to be known as (be University 
Track Athletic Cup. for the encouragement 
of track alhleti<'!i and to foster a friendly 
rivalry between the undent* of Die two uni- 
versities in I rack nod field athletics. 

"A truck ntldeilc contest between tbe 
students of Ike two universities is to lie 
held annually, between May 1st aud July 
1st from 1WH lo IWrtl inclusive, provided 
Ibis contract be renewed annually to tbe en- 
tire and mutual antiafartlon of the universi- 
ties. Tbe cup shall become the property of 
tbe university whose students shall win the 
majority of the nine contest* herein provided 
for. to be held as a trophy. If either or both 
universities shall withdraw before tbe com- 
pletion of the nine years' term, the cup shall 
be disposed of in such lunnui-r as may bo 
agreed upon by a majority of tbe trustees 
appointed by the donor* Said trustee* shall 
have the power by unanimous vole to amend 
tbi* deed of gift. 

"Tbe time and place for hoMIng each con- 
test. tbe number and nature of the events, 
tbe points that are to count, the rules regu- 
lating each contest and each event, the meth- 
od of counting, die rules regulating tbe eligi- 
bility of contestant*. and nil ineideninl rust 
tor*, including lire <sMi*truetlnu of nil rule*, 
shall be determined and may from lime to 
time lie chanced ami amended hv the rep- 
resentative* of tbe two universities herein 
named, and their successor* at herein pro- 
vided, except a* otherwise hen-in sUtrd. 
Voting liy proxy shall he permitted. To 
make any change or amendment na affirma- 
tive vole of ut least five shall be necessary. 
As representing Harvard University llw fol- 
lowing persons lire appointed, tit. ; Wendell 
Raker of New York city. George L. Morri- 
son of Boston. Mxuum-Iium'Us, the captain 
from time to time of the Harvard Track 
Athletic Team, and one undergraduate to 
he Selected by the Executive Committee of 
the Harvard Athletic Association prior to 
January 1st of each year. An additional 
undergraduate, not a Senior, to be selected 
by Ibe Executive Committer of the Harvard 
Athletic Association, shall he al lowed to at- 
tend the meetings of lliia committee and join 
in debate, wilhbit l power to vote. 

•• Yuranries shall be tilled by the other 
representative* of Harvard University. 

"As representing Yale University, tire fol- 
lowing person* are aifiKiiutal. viz.-. Waller 
Camp. Henry Stanford Brooks, tbe captain 
from lime to time of the Yale Track Ath- 
letic Team, and one undergraduate to lie se- 
lected by the Executive Committee of tbe 
Yale Athletic Association prior to January 
1st of earh year. An additional undergrad- 
uate. not a Senior, to l*> selected by tbe 
Executive Committee of the Yale Athletic 
Association, shall I* allowed to attend (be 
meeting* of tbi* committee and Join in do- 
talr. without power Is vote. 

•• Vacancies si ml] be tilled by the other 
representatives of Yale Univmdty. 

"Dated March 10. 18IM." 

Higiwsl by subscriber*. 

Tmc wwn rem tuk err bos been col- 
lected by individual sitbwTiption. the idea 
being tn make lire contribution of each one 
as small a* possible, so that the total number 
of damn might l»e Urge. The wisdom of 
thus preventing cliques, and making the tro- 
phy. Iti fact iu> in nsme the Uni-renaly Cup. is 
appreciated- Further provision Is made rc- 
gktviing lire trusteeship of the cup as follow* : 

"We hereby appoint Holiert Bacon ami 
Henry S. Van Duzrr of Harrasd, and J. 
Frederic Kernocbao and George A. A dec of 
Yale, trustees, with power to net for each and 
oil of us os If lltey were tbe sole donors. 

" Should any trustee retire from tlie trust 


for any enure, the remaining Yale or liar- 
vard iru*te«. an tbe case may be. aball fill 
the vacancy." 

TllS qi'KSTIOff IMS* HOIATKLY 1-IIKHA-LVIlXl) 
itself to every college man reading this will 
lie: Does ibis mean the final consummation 
of I but much-discussed dual league? Will It 
lead up to it? With very little hesitation, I 
should sny no to Iwlli queries, sod for lire 
following several reason*: First, notwith- 
standing tire fact that it yet has a great many 
strong adherents, w bo never lore nn oppor- 
tunity of proclaiming their faith, the iiual 
league is lu solar earnest n dead letter: It is 
a lost cause. The American bov may in a 
luuaieiU of impetuous rebellion at fancied 
wrong* make no cod of direful and or use- 
less llirewU but when be has retired within 
hi* c|o*ci. and given tlic mnltcr scriona con- 
sideration, liis proverbial good sound sense 
comes manifestly to the rescue. Tire wider 
graduate* of Harvard and Yale, tbe very 
athletes themselves, would not countenance 
an arrangement railing for an intmiiange of 
•port to Hie exclusion— and It must be tbni. 
«o far ns that dual h-ngur U conccfoml, or 
nothing— of every other college The Ameri- 
can spirit of lire athletes would grow restive 
under a law that directed their efforts in so 
narrow a channel, and commanded their com- 
ing* nod going*. A dual league might pns- 
slbre work in Isaliiw but it would never be 
feasible In base- -hall, font-ball, and most em- 
phatically not in track athletics. 

Bcrono. Tnr.au is no Dorm' but lliot thrre 
exists a strong feeling among Harvard and 
Yule undergraduate* to have, in addition to 
tire general open meetings, a special “go" at 
one another in every branch of sport, Such 
lias always been tbe case in ull Init track alb- 
let Ics. anil now that this is provided for by 
tbe generous wisdom of tire New York alum- 
ok. there remains no further grievance. Last, 
mid by no means tbe least important consid- 
eration, In my estimation. is tbe power vested 
in the Executive Committer, nnd the char- 
acter of Ibe men thut compose It. It will 
be seen by a careful rending of the Deed of 
Gift tbnt considerable license is given this 
committee — date and location of competition, 
points, etc., etc., taring left entirely in lu 
bands. Tire committee consists of Walter 
Camp. Henry Stanford Brooks, Wendell Ba- 
ker. and George L. Morrison, of Boston, four 
college men of nbjlity, good sense, and unbi- 
assed lodgment. These men. to my certain 
knowledge, have the lient interest* of inter- 
collegiate sport in its broadest meaning at 
heart, and will fill tire office with the highest 
consideration of their duty. 

Now THAT THK JOINT MEETIXO Inis l«n 
arranged batWW Yale and Harvard, the 
moat important duly failing upon Messrs. 
Camp. Brook*. Baker, and Morrison i* de- 
ciding upon the location for the games. The 
greatest significance attaches lo this matter. 
Giough to Ore unthinking it may appear 
merely one of the Incidentals. To i*-L’in 
with, I have the po*itive assurance of tba 
prime movers in this matter that there is no 
intention whatever of setting up in opposi- 
tion to the Intercollegiate meeting: un the 
contrary, tire desire i* tn further Its interest* 
by developing the material nl tire colleges, 
nnd consequently Increasing the number of 
entries and improving tbe quality of tbrir 
performance. Tills being the case. then, 
there should be no hesitation whatever iu 
deciding nn alternating between New Haven 
and Cambridge. Thin will not please all the 
New York alumni, of Connie, many of whom 
want the meeting here; but it will have the 
support of fully severity per cent, of the 
graduates of liotb college* It should be 
borne clearly iu mind that the sole n risen 
d'ttr* of there games I* to increase die Inter- 
est of the Yale and Harvard alumni in Ibe 
athlete* of tbeir respective muter; hence 
New Y'ork is not tire place for them- Neu- 
tral ground la neither in keeping with the 
idea that prompt* lire games nor desirable. 
There is nothing neutral about the matter. 
Tire affair l* partisan to the !o*t degree, and 
should unquestionably be held one year at 
New Haven nnd tire following at Cambridge, 
cither a week before tbe iulcrroflrgiale 
championship* or atusut tire middle of June. 
All things considered, tire latter dale would 
probably lie preferable. l«it in any event it Is 
nol a matter of great importance 

One of thk sTUoxnEFr Mtorurjcra to 
substantiate iny assertion that a successful 
dual league between Yale and Harvard would 
lie an im|*n»iibility i* the turn mutters have 
taken In Intercollegiate bare ball. What at 
one time promised to he an awkward situa- 
tion ha*, thanks lo tbe fuel that the Captain* 
of the Yale. Harvard, and Princeton nines 
preferred straight base tall to quibbling over 
wily rules, turned out well, after all. Aud 
what has made Ibis mult possible if not (lie 
desire of every mail oo tire cvlloye nines nnd 
every undergraduate lo are their leum meet 
the tievt iu the field? What brought the mat- 
ter to an immediate crisis. however, wo* the 
sportsman like and thoroughly common sense 
position taken by Yale, tflie strenuously 
proclaimed lire desire to plnv both Harvard 
and Princeton. but on condition tbnt these 
two also play each other. Harvard was not 
fov a moment averse to playing Prince-ton, 
and hail continued out merely because sl»e 
did not like tbe idea of “giving la." Sire in- 
stated, however, sire would not join a league, 
and could not piny In New York. Prince- 


ton’* going into New England has. therefore, 
opened tin: way for Harvard, itui it don 
appear so utterly and stupidly boyish lo keep 
tip the farce by going to Hartford for tire 
series. As said before in these columns, that 
New England clause WSB merely a Wind for 
last years noiwcnse, and lire occasion living 
removed, all vestige of tire folly should have 
gone with it. It would have been sportsman- 
like of Harvard tn agree longtime at Prince- 
ton nnd one at Cambridge, and completely 
wiped out the old score As it is now, the 
mere fact of going to Hanford l* acknow- 
ledgmcot in itself of the tenderness of lire old 
wound. 

The o amkn WILL rUTO ns ftdlows: 
May 3d and 8th. Harvard — Princeton, at 
Hartford; May Iflth Yale— Harvard, at New 
Haven; May 83d, Yale— Princeton, at New 
Haven; May With. Harvard— Yale fit Cam- 
bridge: June Slh. Princeton — Yale, at Prince- 
ton; June 13th. Yale — Princeton, la New 
York; June lHtb. Harvard— Yale, al Cam- 
bridge; June 23d at New Haven: June 35th 
nl Springfield. Unlesa all previous weather 
records are broken, Princeton should profit 
by tire early dates secured with Harvard, 
owing to the New Jersey open weather A« 
a recompense for this. Harvard should gain 
considerable valuable practice from these 
two game* with Princeton previous lo tire 
first Yale game*. Yale is. however, by no 
means averse lo taking tire week or two 
longer in which to break in her new pitchers. 
Strange to relate, therefore, every one is satis 
fled. While Hnrrard will Ire getting pracliaa 
games in the vicinity of Boston, both Yale 
and Princeton will make more or Ire* ex- 
tended trip*. Yale taking advantage of the 
Ereler reot«*e to piav both 1 empire nnd college 
nines in Pennsylvania and Virginia, na well 
os in New York. 

Ae WE oo TO press It is rumored that tbe 
Harvard Athletic Committee will refuse to 
ratify tbe dates arranged with Princeton. 
After having mot Princeton nnd received 
COtlCcttlatM. even lo going into New England 
for tire game*. It seems hardly possible that 
now the Cambridge men will hide behind tire 
skirt* of thai commute* and nay, " We And 
wc cannot play you early, because you will 
have Ore advantage. ” Surely Harvard can 
not afford to countenance such trifling. 
Further comment is reserved until addi- 
tional investigation is made. 

It i* with tiEORET I notice the collegians 
taking side* in Ibe continuation of the iinsc- 
IkiII war among professional players. Wluti 
have college men and amateurs to do with 
professional quarrels* And where are our 
virtuous athletic committees, that they don’t 
give some evidence of their useful ire** In tin* 
direction rather than working over dead is- 
sues? 

The hen whom Captain Calhoun, of 
Yale, will ukn with him on tire Southern 
trip are Cushing and Owsley, of Inst year's 
nine; while Pool*, who goes with the Glee 
Club, will Join them fm two games. Murphv 
nnd N MrCHntock. auhstitutiw Inst year, n ill 
also be included. Tile former put Bp a very 
clover giimo at centre in tlw important mntcli- 
es of Last season, nnd mo plnv short iu an 
emergency, having tilled that position on hi* 
Freshman nine. McClinlock nns not in good 
health last year; but when tit and well is ev- 
ery inch a hull player, a* he proved two years 
ago in left field Harvey, a brother of llie 
font-hall player, will go as short slop and 
fielder. Stewart will pky first, and. tiulesa 
hi* batting pro tc* weak, will occupy the po- 
sition regularly. If be fail* to flml the ImII. 
Winter*, a new man. can cover the hag with 
credit Jackson anil Bowers, Uie change Iml- 
tery of la»t year, nnd Case. Kedtte. Evan*, 
and Framlinrh — all four of whom arc Fresh- 
man pt letters — will tie on tbe tour. Kv«l/ie 
can play a good third, if Owsley should lu; 
laid off "for aiiy reason. The result of llsi-s 
trip will lie to drienver whether any one of 
these Freshmen i* enough of a ball leaser to 
carry Yale tJ trough a Itirvanl or Princrton 
game, nnd, na usual, will prolxildy make two 
or three uf them sadder but wtwr men. 

It is nardi.t the time to criticise ilte 
Yale crew, aa it bn* only just gotten out of 
tbe tank; but I had a loo* al the men lost 
Saturday in their bout, and found quite a lit- 
tle improvement iu their work m b crew 
Theme* wore rowing: Balliet. In*; Crosby, 
2; Mill*. 3; Gould, i; Pond. 5; Ely, 6. Ifu 
german, 7; Slmm*. stroke. Both bow and 
Kn. 2 give the impression of mvt putting 
their heart Into the work- They arc strong, 
but Ihillicl fail* to get «iu bis power quick 
enough, aud Crosby puli* abort. On tin- 
other band. No. 3 tries hard enough, and will 
Brntaldy make a fair <»r: at preterit lie let* 
In* slide get away from him. No. 4 was 
probably in for the day only; at any rate, be 
wb* very carelcw in liis work. Pond is a 
comparatively dcw man. weighing •boot 
Hm, but strong and tough, and Tot tin- diort 
lime lie lias been in tbe boat doe* welt, IboiiL-li 
apt to drop Ills cbouldcT. Ely. occupying 
Br*W*ter'* scat, wlm i* down with tbe mea- 
sles. wa* ihe beM of tbe second crew; lie 
pull* strong, appear* interested in hi* work, 
but drops iii* shoulder. Ilagvrman ha* Im- 
proveii gTcatly; though he lia* not l»vn able 
to shake tiff ull the old style yet. be will 
make a good oar eventually. The coach 
should watch him on the catch, and ace that 
be get* a firm bold on tbe water. Simms 


ha* made a litile improvement, but Ibcre W 
conshb-ralile fur biitt In do ycl before be I*- 
cranes the choir.- man for the place; be seem 
willing to learn, however, nnd thut is at least 
a great dial Paine and Heffelfinger. wb.. 
iut'c recently had especial InalrudlOH from 
Bob Cook, were nut in a pair, and rowing in 
much belter form. They will not take n 
scat in the eight until after Easier. All thing* 
considered, the men are doing ns well a* 
could be expected. Y*b i* conntl ng hear ily 

00 tire hnisrfits that will be derived from the 
Easter vacation, which nil the candidates 
will spend iti 1'hilodciphia under Ibe eye of 
Cook. We will have a look at them "after 
their return. 

Ir A xr fi.'rthkr PROOF were necessary 
to demonstrate the danger of empowering 
politician* rather titan sportsmen to frame 
sport iog law*, it has been furnished bv the 
Codification Committee in tlicir handling of 
the • Jacking' question. In the first report 
made to the New York Hi ate Legislature 
“jacking" was entirely alNilisbed. anil sports- 
men far mid near rejoiced in the partial tri- 
umph of cniunion decency in our law* gov- 
erning such mnltcr* It wa« not to be ex- 
perted that this Piling would pieoM- lire- pot- 
hunter* of lire North Woods, or the Irest of 
tn lolier* tbnt flock in from the surrounding 
cities for their annual killing. Tlwse linniedi 
aielv raiiu-il a great bowl nlmiit llie heads of 
the Codification Omtultlee. with llie result 
Hut llw; new resolution wo* rescinricd.aud Uie 
otdCQfM of good sport reinitiated In power. It 
i* outrageous that the *|>ort*men of this State 
should remain tataaivc under such ill-advised 
legWalioot It ts more than that; It 1* posi- 
tively Miamrful tiiat the good name of the 
State should be besmirched by such damna- 
ble practices as deer jacking aud bounding. 

There ark costfa r ativrlt ftw outside 
of tlweio who lake a band in llii* lwtcliery 
that renlly know what Hi* ''Jacking " of 
deer means. Practically It i* n*aa**inalioo. 
if Uie word may be permitted lu tbU connec- 
tion. The outfit consist* of a small luat or 
canoe that may be sculled. In the bow is 
the jack, a lantern especially manufactured 
for tlii* purpose, with a powerful reflector, 
and on the pattern of Ibe unll's-cye dark lan- 
tern Hie parly consist* of llie guide, who 
manage* the Isial, nnd the bulrlier. who sits 
In the low back of the lantern. Tbcv move 
silently about not far from the hunk until 
the deer *IS lieard. when Ihe cap i» Isken 
off the lantern, and n strong streak of light 
thrown on Ibe water. Now the guide swing* 
the bow around until I he deer are dlscuver- 
«*1 standing, probably in Ihe shallow water, 
and then keeping lire* light In their eyes, 
which eilbcr daxxles or fasrinnl*-* them si. 
they do not allerapt to escape, the boat, un- 
seen. hat quietly and swiftly, draw* n^sr. 
sometimes getting within r’fly feet. The 
hutcher, cnmplclcty in the dam, wait* until 
within range -u short that the chauct-* of min 
ing bi* victim are few ; then be flrre. nine time* 
out of ten u*ing a shut gun. which none hut 
sorb us l»c would draw nu large game And 
this is sport? Tlii* is wbal the people of this 
State conotMuce as Mich by the act* of their 
Legislature! 

Bad a» it t*. jacking is preferable to 

1 rounding. There k* a ckmnee of occasional- 
ly missing on animal in the former, hut in 
the latter case none, ns the hounds invarhibtr 
drive the itccr to water, nml then our legal- 
i*ed butcher lias merely to row up to ll»e 
struggling creature and end its mi*erv with 
a dub. Truly this is sport. The tWiety 
for llie Pn*veritlou of Cruelty to Animat* has 
for several M-.t«m* mode curs kit uliln vffovt 
to proareute Uioee Indulging In ralddl n*ir» 
ing, which by uo mean* i* 1 1 la- compared 
with jacking and Imtinditig. 1* ibeiv uut 
ample field in the North Wood* f«v this so- 
ciety* Mnj wc boja- fur relief from jacking 
and lioAinding through Ibe sgCDCy of tilts 
powerful organ ixutiou? 

The pobrim taken by Messrs. George \V. 
Carr anil A. 0 Mills concerning the re*olu- 
lion offered by Mr. fharlo F. Mnthewson for 
Ihe limitation of tbe value of prize* presents 
ample material for serious reflection. Il I* a 
well known fact, acknowledged on oil aide*, 
that tlw- drag-net set in motion fur entries to 
gatinw bn* been bailed with prizes of combi 
r ruble value It is iikrwUe acknowledged 
that (he iulcnse coiujx-titiuli excited between 
dull* liaa lei not only to the continual in- 
creasing in value of prizes, until we have 
diamond lings and gold watches offereil. 
hut it lias attracted to athletics a class of 
men whore absolutely only Incentive was the 
intrinsic vnluc of tlic nrizc. There men. It 
ho* been ackirowbdgcd by the cIuIm of both 
Mr. Mill* and Mr. fair, turn such prizes Into 
money. To purge athletics of tlii* filth. Mr 
Nathewsnn, president of tire Berkeley Ath- 
letic Club, proposed an amendment which 
provided that nodal* in club games should 
c-:i*t no* to exceed J20. #10, and $-*i , usMx-in- 
lion cltamplutrehlps. #2d. mid f 10; na 

liimal cliampionsbipa, # r H). #2.',. nml $15. In 
voting un Ibe quewiiou. Mr Mill* and Mr. 
Obit each opposed Mr. Matlreweoo'a preum. 
sal. ami argued in favor of $30 medals. Mr 
Mills is president of tire New York Athl-ilc 
Club; 31r. Carr is president of llie Manhat- 
tan Club— ibe two moat powerful atbleilc 
cluba In tbe country. Arc wc to ussiitue 
from Uie action of tbeae genllemeB tiiat they 
represent Uie inug-hunting element? Or U 
it a straw showing lu which direction the 




HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., SO. 1?B 


THE WE9TBHJJ “ETTLEH S CHOSEN SPEC1FH 
Wnw every *tr*nc* of cmlcnil oi Into Hie 
Wrei, * nn dvmund i« crrelnl for IlmWItr'i Wool 
■eh Bltler*. Newt* peopled ragloaa am frvqwaBtl. 
lee* nlubrkue than older eettled localltlc*, on nc 
wnl of the nlmu wl.lrh rlre* (rum reran! ly cleared 
land, particularly slow; the bank* of Hm> that are 
rotyect U> free hr it The ajptcwllanl or mlDlaf Ml* 
graut *uon laaru, when he done not already know, 
that the Bitter* atlord the only rnie protertion agnlt. 
malaria, and tho*e dlenrder* of the Monucli. liver, 
and buneli to which climatic chancre, erprwore, and 
uaacemuened or unhealthy waler or dial aatyaet 
bint Cnoa*qumtly, be place* an **tlmat* npiai tble 
tiroa! hou •aloild spartAr and prareallee torn nieniti rale 
with It* IntriaWc ineilu, and la rare fa! to keep on 
baud a tertcaatlve and promoter of beClk to Implicit* 
ly to be rolled upon la tire* of amL— [drf*.] 


wind will hlow in the future? Opposition 
rrnnn rather Inconsistently from Mr. Mill* as 
president of a dub I lint a monlb ago preach- 
ed a at rung lesson for reform by pniuiDg n 
rvaoluuon rnntlniug prizes in boxing to msd- 
ala Untiled in value to $30. The finnl pass- 
lug of a resolution setting tbc value of n»ed als 
at all meetings at $80, $20. and $10 is uo 
douhtedly one of the beet and wool far reach- 
ing steps toward reformation. 

Til* IC* YACHTING SEASON just ended has 
been a very disappointing one. It opened 
with great 'promisee of sport, but following 
tbe proverbial old saw, having come in like 
a lion, it bun gooe out like a Iamb; although 
there wn» thick ice on Ute Hud -on all winter, 
snow storms follow ed rain and tliaw.aml kept 
ownor* in a continual state of despair. The 
river at Hyde Park closed Ilecembcr 24th, 
Inti the ice was not in condition for sailing 
until January 13th. and si* days’ sport were 
enjoyed in that month. February furnished 
thirteen days, and March one making in all 
twenty days, and not one radlv good day's 
sport in the entire number. February Sib, 
tiie regatta for the Poughkeepsie Challenge 
Pennant, Hie championship trophy of the 
Hudson River, was snih-d. tbe Carthage Land- 
ing Ice Yaebt Club entering Ritngrr, lnlecn- 
rigged. against the Hudson River Club's sloop 
Blitten, tbe latter w inning. Three attempts 
wore made to race for the Challenge Pennant 
of America, the Ice yacht trophy of the world, 
but the wind was invariably too light to make 
the twenty miles in tbe time limit of one hour 
and fifteen minutes. Much interest bad been 
aroused ns to llie meeting of the North Shrews- 
bury Club's yachts Send and Hate with the 
IriAe. Jark /Kef. AsuhinfAf, and Northern 
Light of the Hudson River Club, but all 
were doomed to disappointment. Tbo river 
0|wn«d March 11th, and all the yachts hare 
ticcn put iu order for next season, and 


winter and spring of 1891. the company I in* 
decided to run the sixth and last on March 
Hist. It will differ in many points from the 
others. Going south. tourists will travel 
in a special train of Pullman Bleeping and 
Dining Cars similar in every respect to the 
trains u*d on previous excursion*. The 
excursion ticket*, which will be sold til n 
rate of $30 from New York and $48 from 
Philadelphia, will include Ptillmau accom- 
modations and meals en route on Ute south 
bound trip, and railroad transportation only 
on the north bound trip. They will he valid 
for return trip on regular trams up 1o May 
80th. 1891. Fifteen days from tbe dale they 
leave Jacksonville will be allowed tourist'* 
to reach Philadelphia or New Y’ork. nml 
during thoc fifteen days they can slop off 
at points designated an tbc ticket* 

A Tourist Agent and Chaperon will ac 
— — the party south. 

. ... unusual limit of tbe tickets and privi- 
leges accorded will afford nn excellent op- 
portunity of a lengthy visit in the Mouth. 



THE LATE JUDGE JOHN H. BRADY (8ga !**«■ mj 


liter recognize him nor his dale*, an<l hi* pa- piny ere could undoubtedly render a good tie- A 
per ho* been castiug about ever since for count of Itself wherever the game is played oocil 
material for that champion team. Unless We don't rare to send a second rate team Tfc 
profesaioiiiil* and impecu- abroad to be patronized by llic English ploy- 
aious Englislimeo seeking ere. and wr don't propose to he misreprrrent- 
a homeward pannage are ed by over zealous nre-sa agents. There is 
gathered in for this fuirtic- no reason wlty tlte Philadelphia young man 
ulor puriiore. it looks as should not lake over any kind of leant lie 
though the project would like*, and give hi* paper all the advertising 
have to be alxiudoned. lie can; but there is every reason Why ho motbm fm tbalr children •alillaireitilng.vniia pvrfrri 

I should not proclaim it an all-American rep- 'ronV'lmH? mI* 

HKVKKAI. GOOD LEMON* resentative team. diantwi! told b? drej^nu la re«r twit 

may be learned from tlii*. *«I4. Twvoiy-Are emu * twin*.— tid*.) 

First, tbnt Hie dignity of Tuehk is every prospect for a season 

the game in this country of general activity in cricket. Here in New w W)RI . TI , R , 1AT AHTItw . 

will not permit of cham- York tbe recent additions to tbe aaaociation. C ,J™* 2ggiI2Sw?5 ™ r , ’ T I U „« 

ploiislilp lour* being ar- and the excellent schedule thereby anwired. better remedy can be r-*od Hum " timer** n.a.omi . l 

ranged by advance press promise well for Hie sport. Some move. Tamou*.- Hold «rery*here, *s rent* — (44*. j 
agents, and a* incidental ment* are likewise making toward tbc climi- • 

feature* to a ncws{Hipcr's nation of tbe professional. About every club - t ^ M , c«.t*»rte. 
advertisement; second. that lias one atlacbcd who is always useful in wren m**m * cmis. rile trial tor Owioiia, 

the time ha* arrived when, rowebing and ateadving the men. but he Wt*, w« Ih>u* ttw, >h> rin* t>> r«ton* 

if tbo United State* i* to should never he permitted to play in match Wfc *“ l,B< UbUdrt*. sb« k»>« uwm cmumis.^ 
lie represented in England, games. We hare gotten far enough along • 1 ' 

■St Ita rtnr* »»-• to com- U *•■» »> «»> *»l «-'«* 

ST pnood of Amenran* and pl;ia the season promtsea to be the busiest in -THE tiiiKAT PAIN RELIEVER.' «ui*a 

not of imfiHplanted Eng- tbe htrtory of cricket; many lours are pro- t'rrop*,cut«, eoid»; *n jwiw. »ru.*iK.itiw— uo> j 
liihmcn; third, that if the jerted, and Hie hot montlis will prolmlilr be 

game is to attain an equal filled by making visits to far-off localities 

footing with othere.it must where tbe gamr is yet young. Some of the 

t* uImi.u loo m It, Quukrr City crlck.t4.ra ore cvro uuw on a 23!?“ MUUW* «< 

matches There is no more tour of tbe Bermuda*. Tbc team i* in no — — — — ™ 

reason. Indeed not so much, aeuse representative — Francis Brewster, Suth- dr. Lyon'S perfect tooth powder. 

for playing a profewsional erlaod, Law, and a few Tcteran* are among Wbliea*ibpi*etliaiid|iar1fle*tbebreaitL Bo— [J4r.) 

s piikNt on u eleven than the number, which includes also Lawrence 

on a base-ball nine, Tlvere Haugbton, of the Loncwnod Club. Boston. 

was a time when we first It is. however, probably strong enough for Wav vaaCaowii Uttoii ,*.i»w — ><"*» rerrjfbii * 
bcCTU plnyjnj- Ita /amt U|« uork tat Mill, lor srfctat to thi llrr. tatto^rtato,, t~tta.ltak«taa».-Mfc| 
that such matter* were excumblc, but litem muiias is not up to our standard, even though 

no longer exists such cause. Our team* hare It is on English soil. _ _ th« s>c*t »«c-.non. •umnUut to each* tbe *p t <- 

bccomc skilled, and an eleven of our bent Caspar W. Whitney. tin-aie A»*o*tc*« Bun**- f.tifr; 


Mr. O. 8. C'.utrnri.i.'s victory in the 
Tropica] Tennis Cluun|>iouHbip at St. Au- 


gustine was otnte in order with the gcncrnl 
belief. Mr Wright sltowed excellent form, 
belter than had probably been expected; but 
though there were a few who thought he 
might win by catching Mr Campbell nut of 
form, tbe vnrdirt of the majority was with 
the champion. This is the third year Mr. 
Campbell bu* won this cbitmpiondiip; an 
other victory, and the handsome trophy will 
become bis properly. 'Hie moat interesting 
feature of the tournament, however, wu the 
appearance in the doublet of R. I). Bears, 
Hie unbeaten champion of a few years hack, 
Mr. Hear* played a strong game, and created 
Hie imprewton that should be re-enter tbe 
lisis thi* year, tbe winner at Newport would 
be au uncertain quantity. 

Now and AOAnt a stray snuih find* it* 
way into the columns of the daily press about 
tbe proposed trip to Europe of a so-called 
repreatmlative cricket eleven. Considerable 
wonder is expressed as to what player* will 
compose Ibis team. To those Hint have for- 
gotten Hie project, it may be a* well to Jog 
Uieir memory, for though of little importance 
in itself tbe principle involved is one that 
should have lire attention of every American 
cricketer. Last fall a Philadelphia papci 
sent one of iu reporters abroad with the idea 
of arranging a series of cricket matches fot 
a representative American team which it wu 
proposed to organize after tbc date had lieen 
inline. The idea, though one of those adver- 
tising schemes to wblcb wo have lx«ont« so 
accustomed nowadays, wo* not so bad in iu 
way, if Hie projectors bad gone about it a 
little differently. But it appear* that tbe 
newspaper advance agent gave the Impres- 
sion abroad that the lending cricketers of 
America were with him, and tbnt the team 
rent from here would contain our bent mate- 
rial. Tire young man did what many anotli- 
er baH done In counting upon ilia chickens 
before they were hutched. He found on hi* 
return that the leading cricketers would nei- 


Br»»m'* Flavobikh Emien an 
■Iruogwi. and inixi bmlUifol — (A dr.) 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 

ADrKKTIStXti HA TBS: 
Final Curer P»c*. p* r •»*!■ Iwrertluu. . . 
lU.k Cam Pic, jar llu.rec* lureitlim .. 
Sermi it Cover P***, j«r liar, rack lurerttea. 
Third Cover Pure. |-er Hue. eaeh lutenlna . . 
Bneelal Heading N-*l(«,per Inw.reth liner 
Clan Stawadag a( » A M. 
Dlrcoont— on t larertimw, wllhla naa jmt. 


Digitized by G 



THE NICARAGUA CANAL. 

BY GEORGE l’ELLEW.— Illustrated by Cuaklck Ukaiiam fro* Photooraphb. 


F OR four centuries ii has been tbo dram 

of fir ‘ii'lilcil statrMlK-u of the great 
commercial nations to cut asunder tlie 
two Aim-riiau cuntincut* whore at the Ulh- 
mux the land narrows like (lie -wnlxt of a 
wasp between Hie two oceans,' and where 
their mountain backbone *dl|M to within a 
few hundred feel of the urn. A* early n* ].VH . 
Gumnru. tbu historian. HUL-imled the four lo- 
cations for a waterway tliat liavr More liern 
approved fix tbc only possible one*, namely . ul 
Darien. at Panama, at Tehuantepec. ami at 
Nicaragua. Under the lazr rule of Spain no 
acriuii* attempt »»« matte to realize this 
dream, but a* aoon ax the old kingdom of Gua- 
temala revolted and formed the republic of 
Central America, negotiation* wen- begun 
wltb the American government, under tbu 
I’rnudeney of Adurax. in 1RM; and after Nic- 
aragua separated and became an Indepen- 
dent slate. on xomc tenor more orenxi* mi nego- 
tiation* for tlie building of an Inlwuecanlc 
canal were pro potted between Nicaragua and 
the governments or individual eltlzeiix of 
tire I'nitetl States, of Kngland, of Holland, of 
Belgium, and of France. After Hie Mexican 
war. wlirn the I'nited Statrx lint gained a 
fooUtuld on llte Pacific. a convention for u 
canal waa negotiated by the American ctirryj 
if'ifinm to ('entml America, but Hie ad wax 
disavowed by tlii* govontment a» without 
authority. A Ulll more favorable concession 
to Mr f'orncliua Vanderbilt and Olliers, who 
formed Hie American Atlantic and Pacific 
Ship -Canal Company, waa mured by llic 
new Miyi i fqfbirw to Central America, but 
tlie concession wax connected with a treaty 
ttf friendship and cummcrte with Ibe United 
Stntox, and failed when the latter waa defeat- 
ed in Ibe Senate on account of the recent 
Clayton- llulwrv treaty widi Great llritaiD. 
Hint bad bee ti hastily negotiated fur that pur 
poxe. 

The successful completion of the Sue/ Ca- 
nal revived tlw inlero** of die civilized world 
in an ixlbminn canal. At the instigation of ita 
then famous promoter. M. dc Leoo px, an lu- 
ternntioual congress was lield at I'urlx, to 
which tills government sent delegate*. among 
them Mr. Mrnoenl. Their report ami Hie fear 
of foreign control of (lie ennal turned Ihu at- 
tention of tbe government and of private cap- 
italist* to the Nicaragua route. A Provision- 
al Intcroccanic Gatud Society wax organized 
by Captain I'beljM. General Grant. Admiral 
Am men, ibe lion. Levi P. Morton, and oili- 
er*. and iu 18N0 tbe society received n eon 
eraalon from Nicaragua, which wax forfeited 
in 1NS4 for failure to perform the conditions. 
Then President Artiiur ncgotiaitsl a tieaty 
for the building of a ennui by the United 
State* in co-operation with Nicaragua; but 
tlie treaty, while xtill trending in tbc IScn- 
ate. was withdrawn by President Cleve- 
land. 

Among tbo conceaslonnaites of tire Provi 
sional Intcrocrnnic Canal Society, which had 
become merged into the Nicaragua Maritime 


Canal Company, wax Mr A G. Mcnncal. men- 
tioned above, a civil engineer in the United 
State* navy. The failure of this company 
was due to a long- continued effort to pro- 
cure aid from UongrcM) — rut effort defeated 
hv the iidluenee of M. dc l-exocpx and Cup- 
tain Ends— and the uttcmi* to finance the 
company without government guarantee waa 
made finally ImpoMible by the failure of lire 
firm of Gnuit A Ward. So long. Inn, us the 
work on Ibe Panama Canal wo* in active 

S rogrpx* it win impossible to secure rnjiilal 
or a rival, almoet a parallel. canal. Before 
the close, however, of trot.1 the failure of the 
French undertaking wax mauifent to close 
observers. for in tliut year the expenses al- 
ready Incurred in the performance of Icm 
than one- 1 bin! of the work of excavation 
amounted to double tlse sum twtinuiled lor 
M. de la-am-ps for the coat of llw whole. It 
wax nlxo beginning to be xiixpeclrd that a 
canal could not he rnnstructtxl at Panama 
without locks, and yet the practicability of a 
sen-level canal llicre wax the only scientific 
reason given ut Ibe congress for pcefsrring 
Hiat location to Nicaragua Tehuantepec pre- 
sented certain advantages from a theoretical 
point of view, but it wax impossible us a site 
for a canal, and Cuplain Bids was unable 
to persuade the burd headed business men of 
America that vraxclx couhl lie economically 
carried ou wheel* over mountains. Tlie ne- 
cessities of commerce warned to require 
some iuteroceanir canal, and cotitnievcially 
it made little difference what point on the 
isthmus should be selected for Hut purpose 
*« long ns the canal could ho constructed 
with reasonable economy. Attention then 
was naturally drawn to the Nicaragua route, 
since the experimentation of half a century 
bad failed to find a better one. As early as 
1879 the American Geographical Society, at 
the instance mainly of it* President, the lion, 
(.'buries P. Italy, lind discussed the question. 
In IWHI, by Invitation of Judge Daly, Com- 
mander Taylor, win* had already interested 
many prominent men ut Washington iiwtlic 
enterprise, delivered a lrTlure before tli^ao- 
cl*4y in favor of a canal at N knragua. The 
sperm] advantage* afforded by tlie pliysl- 
cul geography of this location are unmUtuk- 
ahle. Though the distance from ocvun to 
ocean here Is 170 tnilet. by axing Ibe San 
Juan River and Lake Nicaragua tlie length 
of the eunal to be actually excavated is only 
27 miles— n work of no extraordinary mag- 
nitude iu comparison with the -Ml miles nl 
Panama mid the 65 miles at Suer. Here, 
too, the depression formed by Hie lake is 
ouly 110 feet above Hie sen. tbe lowest de- 
pression iu the whole range of Hie C* ireliUrmx. 
Here, from tbu scientific point of view, wns 
the most economical route- Tin: runal. too. 
ought to he in the control of American*, and 
it was therefore prudent to take up without 
delay the lines dropped by Ihu French at 
Panama. Science, patriotism, and oppor- 
tunity agreed. 


Tint NICAIUCit'A CANAL ASSOCIATION. 

In thi* state of public opinion. Mr. Meno- 
rul, who hail continued bis interest in Nica- 
ragua ami his friendship with it* government, 
learnt that the President of Nicaragua would 
be willing to grant a new concession to a re- 
sponsible American company. Accordingly, 
in tbe spring of 18N6, Mr. Mcnca-al awl C’ajs- 
tain Taylor submitted this possibility to Mr. 
Horace L. Hotchkla*. Chief Justice Charles 
I*. Daly. President of tbc New York Geo- 
graphical Society. Rear -Admiral Aiumen, 
Sir, Franris A, Stout, and Mr, Frederick 
Billings, well known citizen* of New York. 
In Hie following autumn. tbc»r genllemro, 
together with Mr. J F O'Shiiugliiieaxy. Cun- 
tain A. S. Crowninshiidd, ami Messrs. Fred- 
erick Billings. IV. II. IVehb, and James M. 
Smith, met liv appointment in New York, 
and a committee wax appointed, with (he re 
suit tliat, after further conference with Mr. 
Menoual, Hie Nicaragua Canal AasoeiatUm 
wna formed, with unlimited liability, for the 
purpose of receiving the necessary conces- 
sions and of arranging for the preliminary 
survey*. Among tlie memlwni of the aaso- 
riattoii were also Messrs. Robert Garrett, O. 
R Kissrll. James Roosevelt, II. Hitchcock, 
and many other incu of responsibility. In 
March, 1NN7. tlie government of Nicaragua, 
arid In the following July the government of 
Costa Ilica. grained lilieml eonccsainna to 
Mr. Menocnl us agent for tbe association. 
Tlie concretion from Coxta Rica waa neces- 
sary hramse its boundary is conterminous 
with l bo xoutli hank of Use San Juan River, 
awl its territory would be flooded if a dam 
were erected, a* was proposed, at Ochoa, at 
the confluence of the San Carlo and the San 
Juan. These oocerealoiia, after being duly 
ratified, were secured by the payment of 
$1410.000 in gold, to he forfeited Iu cone of 
failure to perform certain specified condi- 
tions— tlie condilioax being that certain final 
surveys should lie completed by a given 
lime, and that at least two million dollar* 
should be spent In const ruction during tbe 
first year after ratification. 

Iii the winter of 1807-6 Hi* surveys re- 
quired by tbe ronenaiona were licgun by a 
large force of engineers. some eighty in hum 
her. and of native laborers, of whom a hun- 
dred were brought from Jamaica. Tlie ex- 
iicdilton waa under the charge of Mr. R. R 
Peary ax hub chief ohelstnut engineer, Mr. 
Mrnncal having been appointed engineer in 
chief. The amoclallun defray oil Ibeeipeuxe* 
of tbcae operations, and is to lie reimlKirsed, 
iu 'cording Ui tbe cunceMiion, by six per cent, 
of tbo lo unties of tlie final company, issued 
In excess of its capital. 

the cossrnrcnoN coupjurT. 

A constniction company, with Mr. Francis 
A. Stout as president, wax then organized 
under tlie lows of Colorado, with a capital 
of twelve million dollar*. With the proceeds 


of tlie pledge or laic of a considerable amount 
of stock nl fifty cent* tin tbe dollar to mem- 
ber* of tbc company and the association, the 
surveys were continued by the runi|>any, to 
which the association forlt with conveyed all 
ita righu and concessions. 

THE MAHITIMK CANAL CON r ANT or 
XICARAUDA. 

The construction company was. however, 
only the temporary bulder i>r bailee of I lie 
conoesaions, a* their term* cunicm plated 
tbelr iihsulute transfer only to a "comimny 
of execuiion," to lie tirganbtad "by the Nku- 
rngua Canal Association, " willl its principal 
office in New York, under Ibe title of - The 
Maritime C'anitl Compiuiy of Nicaragua.” 
Accordingly, after a delay of a year from the 
flrnl application to Congress, i lie- Maritime 
Canal 4 Vimpany, with lliram Hilebrotk as 
president, was incorporated. February 80. 
JWH, and wax authorized to Uxue stock and 
bonds, each to Hie amount of a hundred mill- 
ion dollars. In consideration of these bonds 
and a certain amount of tbc stork of which 
none os yet ho* been Issued, tbe construe 
Hon company agreed to exntvatc the canal 
ami construct all the necessary and Incident- 
al work according In the term* of the con- 
cession*. Funds for this purjioxe were pro- 
vided by tlie proceed* of the sto<'k of the 
construction cuin|iany, of the twelve mill 
ion dollars of which a million and n half 
only remain imisaued. Early in November 
of laxt year i1Wi| tin- conrcMion of Nicara- 
gua waa confirmed by a government procla- 
mation. upon the rvisirt of n romnilxsion up 
pointed by the IVi-xidetit of Nicantgua. Hint, 
lifter careful examination. It wax round the 
terms of the conceosion bad been complied 
with, and more (linn the tw o million dolLsra 
ajiecified hud been expended in construction 
within tbo stipulated time. 

Tlllt CONCKINOS* 

Thu articles of the concession from Nica- 
ragua may he briefly summarized. The dti 
ration of the concession is to lie for a term 
of uinely blue years from tlie day of the 
opening of tbc canal, with the privilege then 
of leaning the (anal for another term of nine 
ty-nioe years, on tlie annual payment of twen- 
ty five per cent, of the net profits, the prop- 
erty finally reverting to the government o 
Nicaragua. The canal is to follow the voile} 
of tlie nvcv San Juan to Lake Nicaragua. Ini’ 
with the mn*l ample freedom to tbe company 
to select tlie tnnxt convenient -onto. T t 
large porta are to be constructed and mam 
mined at the ocean termini of the canal, with 
light bouses of Hie first order, and two mull 
er ports, with light houw*. at tbo entrance 
and exit on Inike Nicaragua. One Hiousand 
niauzanas of land, to bo selected by the coin 
pony, are given by the government exclusive 
lv for construction piiqireu.-* on payment uf 
fifty thousand dollars. Tlie company may 
take material needed fur construction from 



ilcdond 


Hudsof 


Present deafer naCape Hem k C rfCsod 


r WajKlAi 


MAP or TUB N1CAKAUUA CANAL iriloWINti TKAUK ItOlTBS. 


Digitized by Googli 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT 



the public lands. A I (lie extremities of tlir 
canal and al Its points of ©nntnct with the 
lake anil the Sun Juaa River alternate adja- 
cent lota of land along one aide of the canal 
lire given li> live company, the lot* varying 
from three miles of frontage on tire canal mid 
six mile* In depth to one mile «f frontage 
anil one mile in depth, together with the right 
to timber and mine* on the reded property. 
The company l* exempted from taxation. 
The terminal puna arc ilrs-larad free, and n 
free xoce it established of a liuiidrcd yanlt 
wide along each lank of the canal — free. Hint 
it. except in ram of importation* into Nica- 
ragua. Matemil for canid construction It 
alto admitted free of duly. The company 
may Import what laborers’ It choose* except 
Auntie* If tlie company need* (lie me of 
public land, that will l>e OtVCll. while private 
land needed may be bnd on payment of the 
whi to tbe government of It* expropriation. 
The company U granted the tole right of 
levying toll*, 'a reduction of fifty per cent, 
being stipulated for Nicaraguan vraurla. Af- 
ter tbe expiraliori of leu year* from the open- 
ing of the canal, tin- dividend* of the share- 
bolder* are limited to fifteen per cent, per 
auiiutu. In consideration of these conces- 
sion* the government of Niramguu i* to re- 
ceive free of ra*"tal six per cent, of tbe to- 
-L'.'feai: ’f rpoeite capital of the com- 

pany, with tbe right of ii i-i* • luting a director. 
Tbe canal l* to lie open for maritime naviga- 
tion within ten year*, hut if it i* not open 
within that lime ‘the government promi»e* to 
grant an extension. 

Thu concession front the government of 
Costa Rica i* similar in term* to that from 
Nicaragua, tire name of the former state be- 
ing substituted fur that of the latter, with I bn 
exception that Costa Rica Is to receive only 
one awl onc-balf per cent of live i-npilnl of 
the company. lu both cuucetaioiM it is pm- 
Tided tbnt the canal ahull be of sufficient di- 
mensions to admit vessels of the sire of the 
large ocean steamer* between Europe uud 
America, and both declare the cnti.d and its 
port* neutral, open to merchant vc**<-l* of all 
nation*, not to he closed in time of vrnr, ex- 
cept to the vessel* of nations at war with 
Costa Rica or Nicaragua, the pnsnigc of ves- 
sels of w ar being otherwise regulated by spe- 
cial treaty or international law, 

WHAT HA* BF.r.N POSH AT SIC.UIAOIA. 

1. Prtriout Si rrr ft . — The line for Uie eu- 
nol prescribed by the concession* was based 


on many previous concession* and survey*. 
Tbe route from tirey town, on Use < AribUnn 
Sea. l»y wav of the San Juan n:nl Lake Nica- 
ragua. to Brito, on the Pacific. clearly sug- 
gested itself first and lust a* tire nn-t suitable 
on arrounl of it* long wntrrway. One of the 
earliest trustworthy survey* was that made 
in 1837 and 1KW for the Cent ml American 
government by J>utenant John Hnilev, of 
the llriiish Royal Marine*, who surveyed Hie 
route from Siiti Juan, now Greylown, lo Ilri- 
to, a* chief enginerr of the Atlantic and Pa- 
elite Ship-Canal Company. Next in iivijwir- 
Unre- came that of Mr. O. W. Child*. the 
chief engineer of the Atlantic and Pacific 
Ship -Canal Company. Brtvreru 1870 and 
187® a survey n»s I ■•cun by C< •tnmaniler 
ilatfirld, t S - N.. nml continiMsI by Com- 
mander Lull. U S X . under the direction of 
the United Stale* government The report 
of till* survey was subsequently submitted to 
a commission. eonsiuing of General Humph- 
ries. Chief of Engineers. C S.A.. Mr. C. I*. 
Patterson. the Superintendent of the United 
Slate* Cnii«l Survey, and Admiral Ammeo, 
lire I read of iIm< Bureau of Navigation In the 
Navy Department. The conclusion of the 
commission was that lire route by Lake N leu- 
nigua ofTcn-d fewer dilBcultir* nod promised 
mure advantages than any other; nu opin- 
ion, by the way. that ha* since for some year* 
been ’mallllaiiMil by sir John lUwksbaw. lire 
well known Kngloh engineer, and one that 
wa* asserted even by M. de Lc~»ep« U -fore 
Ire became connected with tbe i-otrrprm: at 
Funoina. 

In the report of this cammi-Man. which 
wn* published in itiuuy Volume*, there nos 
Incorporated u separate signed report by Mr. 
Mriiond. who for some lime hud been the 
chief civil engineer of lire expedition. After 
sale service nt home. Mr Mcnix-xl was sent 
again to Nicaragua to report ou a •|<cciul 
point of difference brtwrrn tile survey* of 
Cuptuin Lull and Coloirel Child*. While the 
treaty negotiated by President Arthur wax 
under (oiisiderntlou. Mr. Menocal wun '• nt a 
third linre to Nhwiwgiia lo determine wheth- 
er lire proposed ennui He mid follow closely 
ov diverge from the San Juan, This u pon 
was also printed. 

3. Tkr KVril' irf frrryfoira — Tlir*n numer- 
ous survey*, made many of them by officers 
in the service of the United Stair-*, I uni sim- 
plified greatly the work t» be done by the 
new roncc'-loiiimirc* when, in May. 18M>. 
their first engineering const ruction party left 



New York for Qrertowrv, ready to In-gin work 
immediately on lire ratification of tho con 
cession*. They landed on a roast remote 
from all supplies. no the iqieo beach of Hie lor 
that had closed the hnrbnr nf Sin .limn del 
Xnrlc.or Ureyiown. since 13(13. Rough quar- 
ter*. but*, and tool sired* were built In tho 
autumn serious operation* were begun to 
break an entrance Into the old port. Tire 
Him tiling to Ire done wa- to build a break- 
water. Tire difficulties were gTv«t. Every- 
thing needed, pile drivers uud ail, hail lu be 
lightered and Undid through the surf. Ry 
tire ■puna of 181M) Hie pier, built of piles 
fllkri in with brush anil •unire.livgnn to rfTcd 
it* purpose The undertow of lire waves 
gradually helped to sweep away lire liar, 
which at first one four or live feet above the 
water, Sion lighters could flout over it inlo 
the harbor. Now the pier L MO feet long, 
and today the water Is 13 feet deep upon 
the bar, that bn* Ixeu safely c mured by more 
tbun one ocxau steamer of an derate ilraugbl. 
This pier, or breakwater, is 42 fci-t in width, 
ami will bo omled out lo n distance uf 1800 
fee*. Tol- whole structure is a soli-J mas* of 
great durability, into which it is lin|M>isih<e 
even for worm* to pcirelntlc. 

X Tkt Riiil»nul . — A oonslnielion rail rum! 
was begun last June. running from tho har- 
l">r at Grey town to tire rock quarries some 
thirteen niili-s inland, and tbeiice three or 
four miles further lu wlial L rolled the "di- 
vide cm. " wlrene for a distance of two miles 
ami a half the canal will have to Ire excava- 
ted through solid rock. After lire first uine 
miles nml a half, which is over alluvial ->11 
along tire Hue of lire canal, there are two 
dams and three locks lo lie erected. The 
purpi-e of the railroad is twofold— to carry 
machinery and material to lire site* of the 
locks and ilains nml the ’'divide cut,"ami to 
bring liack rock from lire quarry to complete 
the building of the pier. Al the terminus of 
the railroad a wharf Itns Ireen built. 30 » 264 


pier there is now as lias lrecn said before, 
“imo fifteen feet of water But dredging 
there cannot be successfully attempted 
until the pier is extended to nearly ita final 
length, or at least only so far ns this bar is 
brought into lire lee of lire pier ns it is ex- 
tended. Dredging, however, has turn sue 
cewfullv begun on the inner bar. When the 
six dredge* arrived lof the seven expected, 
one was unfortunulely lost), one was put on 
this liar in December, where them was a 
depth of from nothing to six foci. Tire dredge- 
plowed a furrow fourteen feet deep. A sec- 
ond dredge was put to work there a few 
week* Inter; and now one is cicuvutlnr -ur 
thousand yards a day. und tire oilier a link 
lev* than five thousand yard*. This may Is 
said to Ire the first Ix-giunlngof the canal ilscl 
A contract ha* been let lo tbe North Ameri- 
can Dredging and Improvement Compa ny o f 
New York for dredging 1,300.000 cubic void* 
in tire Grey town Hat bur, and it la alleged that 
tire six dredge* now on the spiA will do all 
the work necessary, ami In half the time al 
lowed by lire construction companv for tbe 
completion of the w hide work — that is, in 
three year* instead of »ix year*. 

5. IhiU4ing*.—ln the mean lime, chiefly at 
Grcytown. many Imiliiing* have Ireen built, 
‘mall In clue, hut thirty or more in number 
— n hospital, where the laborer* are treated 
free, quarters for laborer* and home* fur 
officer* ; and storehouse* and forge* 
fi. Tie StaU uf the t'vuntrj /. — In lire intc 
rlor every operation of any kind lm» been 
made exceedingly difficult, tedious. and ex 
peioive try tire rouglinet* of the country and 
the total ubaelM-e of Ihonmgltfarrs It is all 
“an unknown and uiiiiiliabin d wildctncfcs, In 
tire word* of the division engineer. Tire land 
is covered with dense forests, where nothing 
can Ik- neen fifty fret away, anil where one's 
way Iras to he cut slowly uud jwxiuf ully 
through the tangled tropical vines. Supplies 
liavo to he taken in cauocs Up rivers filled 



fort, of crenso’.cd limber «ud well protected, 
surmounted by a derrick, For two mile* 
the work on Ibc torn! was dune in water 
three feet deep, and fur four mile* iu water 
two feel deep or more-, over what bad been 
considered an nlmust impassable swamp 
"The mutc-riab of the ruud.” according lo 
the engineer'* report, "Imre bon excavan-d 
from tire entrance of tire canal by a steam 
shovel capable of handling 1300' yard* of 
dirt in a day, anil UauU-il to the jKilnt needed 
by train* of fiat car* carrying about S44) 
yards to tin- train.' lly October four und a 
half miles uf tire main line bail been laid. ex- 
tending to a creek aver which n bridge hail 
In-cn built 180 feet In lenglh. In part over 
piles driven to a depth of IW feel below wa- 
ter. llv December, It is understood, lire 
riwd hail reached the quarries, and work on 
tire pier wits consequently advancing with 
great rapidity. "The road is well equipped 
for construction work, having two powerful 
loo •motive*, fifty cur*, oire *t<-*m - shovel, a 
ballot unlomlrr, lifting jacks, and all appli 

4. Tkt ih/ilt.it*!/. - Two dredge* were or- 
dered early in tbe year, but before they were 
really the company agreed iu July lo pur 
chase of the American I induing Com|siny 
tbe last of tlii-ir plant Hint bud been broiiglit 
over for work on the I'nnnma Canal That 
|>1 hiiI cori'i'l* nt re-veu nf the most powerful 
dredge* ever built, list--, lighter*, boilers, anil 
over two tin ana lid ton* of material, iron and 
copper piping, which was all-currled lu over 
lire lor 

Tire nature of this lair formation lit Grey- 
town is clearly described by Mr. Menocal in 
a p*|H-r rein I liefore Hu- Fourth liiti-rimlioual 
Con ere— oil Iuliiml Navigation *t M.-uu-Ire*- 
ter. England. last July. Tire old harlior hud 
a ilerri inner bay. when; the large** w- n going 
vi — els could lie safely. This, by the action 
of lire waves, bad beeii changed into a fr<-h- 
wati r lagoon. Tire pier.or jelly. i* " Inratisl 
to tire windward of the proposed ctitrantxi 
chilli Del." On the outside bar thus fnnucit 
temporarily around tbe outer end of tbe 


nitb logs ami fallen Irens, the accumulation 
of cent uric-; or. worse -till IuioImt ami in» 
ihineiy have lo Ijc canieil on men's latch* up 
and down steep hills and through »wani|>*. in 
which one sinks waist deep. A *tiam snag 
Unit lias been l*>uglit.aml *et to clearing out 
the more useful navigable streams; Innumer 
utile trail* have In-cn cut. and sumething ap 
proaching mails. 

7. Tkt Tfltj/rii/iliLtnr — A telegraph line bn* 
been built, the first pwrt over deep suatnps ul 
most Smi»-*»!ilc. to Castillo, sixty mile* front 
Gn-ytoviii. to imun-i t with lire government 
line, him I -•■, by way of Galveston nml Pann 
mu, willi tbe I nitial State*. Much uf the 
way tire water was »o deep that tmlr* could 
not In- M l in the ground, ami had lo be fast 
cued lo stuni|i- with wire os lire only niearm 
of lecuring them. " It wa*. ’ ic|miMs tlie in - 
trines r. "uu ex|reiislve line to construct, and 
is a difficult line lo maintain." 

8. jf'Ac Hrtt rruir. — It was m-ecssary to get 
a supply of pure water for the witU-’mcnt nt 
Gu t ton n, where llrerr is inucb decay lug 
veg. -table matter. A darn w a* built, or is now- 
building, at the Miuree of the Unflo Iji Pag. 
where the sticum flows over u lied of trup- 
rock in n narrow valley ten mile* from Grey 
tunn. and In October tbe slic for a reservoir 
was cleared. 

tl. CiVuiviig thi Tinv'vr. — In tire spring a 
distanre of eleven miles of tinder and bush 
was cleared along lire line of tire eunul. the 
inisit difficult part of the line lo clear, as it 
was mostly suntup land, anil there was at tire 
time— In January — n rainfall of sixty four 
Inches. It does not appear how much’clcar 
ing ha* Iteen done •lining the year. 

HI Tkr Itrtait .s'wro,v«. - I'lie concession 
merely indicated lire general line uf tire cnnal 
leaving to the romiHiny the utmost porelhK- 
di-crcti-m. Sinvcys for tire Onul locution of 
the entire line have now (men completed, 
and • detail -urvey* of the sites of all em- 
bankments. dnnu, and lock* are very trenrlv 
fl tilwlxwl This wa* tire report of the divi- 
sion engineer in October; hr this time this 
work is piulably finished. The whole coud- 


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HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


UA»C» ». \8oi. 


-35 



irv tit*!"" 1 1 m ''“ ' iL '> | '',inl.ly om 
tow lbou*i«"l Mil-,. ..( imiBlt and U».-l III.™ 
have bc e ® 11,0 V.v ihe company * engineer* in 
nine parties— »ix land-surveying parties. him 
hvdrographir puny, and two tmring panic* 
—who have made careful urw sections uiwl 
map* for il»r purpw« of ascertaining every 
fur lor aii> I eliminating every dual* Tliu 
work, for which Mr. Meoocal Is fltud by hii 
unusually lour; and *]*■< ini exju-ricuce, has 
Iwu wale livil l»v many foreleu agent- from 


lltiMi to lime am) bo* bi-cn uniformly praised, 
II. Tkt Ihtlll nj itrhng *. — In Im’lllilll' 
tli* sites for dams and locks. lairing* Imd 


la-en made previously till rock w 
Recently this work I ms brrn gone over 
itir-sin with iliiunoml drills, « lilrh not only 
in art rale lire rock. Inti lirlng to the Mir 
face n portion of each successive layer 
This ilrllllne lias Itct-n conlinui’d tothctiut- 
tom level of the ejinul. him I to Hie foundation 
level of the pro|*ms»l locks and dam*. as 
In deterniine the precise character of that 
foundation The result* show that of the 
si* lock* it i* intended to creel, all hut Lock 
No. 1 are certulnly on roek.nud that the mate- 
rial under that one is so hard us to Im ini- 
|H’Dettalile by boring tools. The drilling 
alone the sit* of the mnal shows trsnlta 
cipiully favorable. Of natural vralerroursea, 
or artlnclal basins, ropiiring no work at all on 
tlvem to give 30 feet of wuler. there an- lt» B4 
inilea; of ImsIii. river. anil lake navigation 
requiriug earth dredging below the profaned 
water surface only, lo give 30 feet of water, 
there are 39.94 inilc*; of similar navigation 
havlog a layer of rock In live bottom to be 
excavated nr dredged, there are 13 SS mile*, 
of final atWivns, drudged In at w.ilevcl. 
there are 10.57 miles, of earth thorough cul* 
with no rock, there arc 4. iW mile*: of earth 
thorough cuu with some rock, there am $ ;r>4 
inlh'S Of i he rock. there is n certain amount of 
consol irintrd volcanic deluis I list is very easily 
excavated; the curths, too, are mostly clay, 
or inixni sand and cUr, that hold* water re- 
markably well, mid there is only a small 
proportion of loom in olrircllnnabl* posi- 
tion*. It is also the general opinion that the 
rork. wiu-ro then? are to Im) deep cuts, will 
liold a sleep slope well, unlike much of the 
rock nt Panama, 


This is iM'riiap* u fair and complete sum- 
mary of the work us vet done by live con 
slrnctlon company. Ninety per rent, of it is 
only preparatory. The actual construction 
of I he canal itself, nud of I lie work* con- 
templated by the concession. is not yet begun. 
The year, however, bits not bten wasted la- 
borers have Iss'ii olKaiued chiefly from Ja- 
in.-iieu Last Oclolmr it is understood that - 
DM# men were employed, but liufore the 
work r« linislw-d it is probable that the com- 
pany iran employ prolliablv all the labor it 
ciui llud means lo hire It wiu estimated 


that lalwrcrs could not lie hud for les* than 
one dollar a liny, lmt the eonipnny Hml*. it 
D believed, that’ It can get all It 'wuuts at 
from #20 to #22 a month. 

Though only preparatory, tlie work done 
hn* lx«ii expensive. Rut uccpwtt material 
has been purchased, Ihe surveys Inn I to be 
made, and the pier dabbling, ratlroad-raok- 
ing and the telegraph line urc all permanent 
Improvements. Although no far |nrob«Wy 
#.‘i i*M).IIOO have been spent, tlie cost of the: 
work Is not regarded bv the company av ex 
evasive, and L* said to fie nilhcr within Uian 
above the original estimate*. 

THE WoKE TO BE 1KIXK. 

1. .If Me f&utrrit Terminal . — At Grey 
town live pier b to be extended to a (Inal 
length of 20(H) feel, thn rotranrn channel 
deepened to ill) feet, with a width of 500 
fn-t at the bottom. Tlie inner hnsin. in- 
el ailing an enlarged section of the canal, ia 
lo have an ore-* of 341 acre* of water IS* fid 
dis-p. which will he still further increawd by 
the undrcdgvd portions of the rest of ihe In 
orr hay. where in many places it is 90 feel 
deep* " Thetas' in n southwesterly direct inn 
lire canal will be run in almost a direct line 


to Octioo. where it will meet the Sin Jiun 
River 

2. On the finwil /iwii h'lrjfues to the San 
Joan — Tlie flrsi nine mile* will Im excavated 
through alluvial land in Ihe valley of Ihe 
small stream Dmndo, which, when neces- 
nary, will lie diverted by artificial channel*. 
Si far like canal will Iw at sen level, forming 
practically a continuation of Ihe harbor and 
wide enough lo allow vctaeU lo |nas in ojk 
posile direction*. 

At a suitable rise of land in the lower val- 
ley of the [kesrado will be Lock Xo, l.wllh 
a lift of 30 feet. For a little over one mile 
the rnnal will continue through Ihe river 
valley, chiefly clav ami loam, which will hn 
partly flooded liy low embankment*, to a hill 
on the smith «ide of Ihe valley, where will Imi 
built Lock No 2. with n lift of HI feel. Fur 
the next two mile* the vnller will lie Hooded 
by n dam 3V feet high amf 1300 feet long, 
nml by lw<i eniliankrucnt*. and the only ex- 
cavation needed will lie flirouL'h three low 
elnv hill* I ill the canul reaches Lock Xo. 9, 
wh'li a lift of 45 feet. Here*, by one Imig 
i-nilxiiikmcnt 70 feet high and many smaller 
embankments, a basin Is to Im fomted in the 
stream valley for two miles and a half, 100 


feet above the sea— that l>. at the summit 
level of the canal— front :w» to 70 feel deep 
In this basin, called the l pper lUsm. many 
ships may turn out and wait for passage 
through ibe lower locks. At it* western 
end begin* the eastern divide cut, nearly 
three mile* long, through solid rock, from 
:t!0 to 14n feet deep, allowing a depth of 30 
foot for the canal, Here will tie over twenty 
per cent, of Ihe total excavation on the whole 
canal. 

For the next twelve miles the canul for 
three-quarter* of a mile will pa** through a 
rolling country in the lower valley of the 
Liinplo, through tlie valleys of llic J.impio 
and Cliaaciio* lo near the < ->iirliu-nev of the 
(liaurho* with Ihe San Francisco, up the 
valley of the Sun Knmciaco to a |x»*s In the 
hill* on the west, along tlie Florida 1-akr 
Swamp to it* w.-tim end. throiigh a high 
rolling country into thn valley of the Mu 
cltado. nud up a tribuiary of the Macluulu 
to the river San Juan. 1 ho w hole dittaiu-o 
I* twelve miles mid a half, of which ilmi- 
■ piarter* are in tangrnis. and the red in 
curves of from 4 ihai to a little under pjihi 
feet radius. Might gups in IIm- hills will 
have to lie dosed by emUinkiucui*. alto 
gather about 2500 fn-t lung at the bottom, 
12(H) fia-t long nt Ihe top. with a maximum 
depth of 60 feet lielow water level. Fifty- 
nine smaller embankment* will nl*o Im need- 
ed, rising six feet above wnter-level. front 
one to fifty feet high, mid altogether about 
]S,<HH) feet long at the top Of the whole 
diuiuice of twelve miles and a half, lc»» than 
four mile* will mnl any excavation, iiinl 
only a mile and n qunrtcr of the climiiM l will 
need to bo wholly excavated. Here- there 
will lie srvrrnl wide ami deep basins fur 
aurhomge and free paMagc 

lly the adoption of this route iireteud of 
that first pmpie-cd nloug the hunks of Dm 1 
Sun Junn. then- u not only a saving of same 
mile*, but greater wifely la provided from 
danger of flood*. There are nearly live tlxm- 
sund feel of s|>illwuy over the HiibaukinintB. 
llic weir* in like liaain have a discharge of 
90,200 cubic fcs-l per second, tuid by a guard 
gate In one of the cut* the water* of tin' San 
Juan can In- «hut nil entirely. Moreover, a 
huge proportion of tin- water -sImsI, which 
would all>erwl*c hnve lo be provided for. is 
avoided; so that, nllhough rainfall* of more 
than »ix indies in twenty-four hour*, are mil 
iiifrei|’-ieut.thi' danger of floods is reduced lo 
a minimum 

3. Along tin S. in Jitu n Mflrf tin f.-de. — Tile 
canal will meet the Sim Juan nt Orhon. The 
river here is only eight feet deep, ami to make 
it navignldc it is only u<-ce»«urj to build n 
single dam w here two sleep hill* nlTord ompk 1 
support for the netswnary aliutmcnts. ,T'" 
dam is to he 5tH) f«-el thick at llic Ih-Hmm 
fret thick at the top, with a length of weir nt 
1250 feet. and with abutments 650 feet long 
Tki* dam will raise the water in the river l« 



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THE BREAKWATER. LOOKING SEAWARD. 


236 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


» / * 

.*// $/ / 

jgj p } v la«c -te* "f etf * ^ s tones c *>o ju»p mj mites 

_llMf / 

— : — " ~ite*KiXiHA sethns 



7E 37 *ir -U*' - 1 1 


rooms or tub canal showing scale of miles. 


Uic summit level of 106 feet above Uie wsa, 
ami with the bloating of rocks under water, 
clue fly at Torn Rapids, to an average depth 
of four feel ami a half for 24 mile*. ami with 
31 low embankment*. ooly two rtwching the 
Hour of the valley, alack water navigation 
will bu wcvircd for 121 mile* intonnd through 
Lake N leu rui-eia Of these embankment* 
eight will 1 h< very small. 11 will average IS 
feet deep, and two will 1* 48 feet deep, with 
a length on top altogether of S6S feet, nml 
at tire Nittoin of t <t>> feet. A large waste 
weir nearly three miles from the dam will 
divert Uic water* of the Han Carlo* 

When; the canal enters the lake two piers 
arc proponed to insure smooth water. On 
the east side of the lake dredging in soft mud 
will lie needed for about fourteen mile* In a 
depth on the average of under ten feet, and 
for about fourteen hundred feel from live 
western exit of the canal some excavation of 
rock i* necessary, 

4. /‘rum t?'i hike to Brito . — The canal will 
leave tho lake at tlie mouth of the river La- 
ja*. continue along iU valley for a mile. crows 
a plain three-quarters of a mile wide, enter 
the valley of a ■.mall stream, and pare through 
a divide cut In a depression 43 fees above 
high lake-level, the lowest depression at the 
Cordilleras between the two oceans, four mtUa 
and three-quarters from the lake, thence it 
will descend gradually along the Rio Grande, 
and cut westward across a broad plain into 
the basin of the Tola nine miles from the 
lake. Almost the whole of this distance will 
be wholly iu excavation. 

Five mils* ami a half further the valleys 
of the rivers U ramie and Tola contract be- 
tween two high hilts at lot Flor Here a 
d.ira similar to the one at OchoH. TO feet high, 
1-300 feet long, with a length of weir of 13(H) 
feet, ami rising 113 feel above sea- level, will 
form a bario. with an area of 4000 acre*, and 
a depth of water of from 30 to 70 feet, ncroas 
which the distance by sailing line will lie live 
miles and a half. This is thought sufficient 
In provide fur flood*, without attempting to 
control the river Grande anil the Tola. 
J nrThe hill north of La Flor Dam will lie 
Locks No*. 4 and 8. with lifts of 424 f ,!Cl ctsclx. 
Iswving them, the usual will crow a broad 
flat country a mile and a half to Lock No. <1. 
with lifts of 21 und 29 feet, according to the 
height of the tide. Hence to the port of 
Brito the canal will be at sea level, practical- 
ly an extension of tb« harbor which i* to be 
' Of this whole distance from the lake of 
■even teen tulles, eleven and a half will he 
wholly in excavation, and the real in the 
basin. Only the dlvMo cut will be through 
rock — B serious operation, though the depth 
of the excavation will not be more than »?■ 


not even a ruodvlend. hut it is at the foot 
of the valley of (he Rio Grand.-, and tho 
Und under water for some distance off 
shore is believed to be largely alluvial. A 
breakwater IHH) feet long from a narrow 
point of rock to the well will be built, and a 


dredging and by the extension nf the canal 
exit, a harbor is to be constructed, altogether 
of a total area of 103 acres. The material 
needed for the ronslrurtion of these jetties 
will be brought from debris excavated from 
the western divide by a construction r*iL 
rond. in a manner precisely similar to that 
already more or less completely and quite 
satisfactorily adopted at Gmytowu. 

A AMltiouat Qnutruetum required I*u the 
< hw mu. ms It must also Ire remembered that 
by the term* of its concession* the onnqwny 
is to construct light homes at the terminal 
pot's of the first class, ami small Whore 
und light- houses at the terminal points of the 
canal on lake Nicaragua. 

Il i* also to !w noticed, for the point was 
much discussed in the roeent debates in Uie 
Si mile, that the company, within three years 
from beginning work on the intefoceanlo 
canal. Is to construct a navigable r-anul tie- 
tween Lake Mnouguu and Ptuquier on the 
Titipapa River, capable of transporting vra- 
m I* draw log *lx feci and of 180 feet in length, 
this canal wheu completed to become lire 
property of Nicaragua, that government fur- 
nishing free the mvereary lauds and the ma- 
terial found upon them.' For (hi* work no 
provision teems to have been ns yet made, 
and the company'* representatives consider 
the stipulation a matter of detail that would 
not bu insisted upon. 

local coxtirrtox*. 

The climate at Panama was so injurious to 
health (hat the failure of the French company 
there was undoubtedly hastened by the ex- 
treme debility and the extraordinary mortal- 
ity caused by fevers to officer* ami laborers. 
The condition* at Nicaragua are vrvy differ- 
ent. The hilts are so low that Ibu trade- 
winds sweep coosUntly across the isthmus. 


During the dry season, from November lo 
May. the nights were defer! bed by Mr. Squier 
ns " positively cool, anil the winds occasion- 
ally chilly. "’ At another time lie said the 
climate was like that of New York in June 
Mr. Squler hub speaking particularly of 
western Nicarngun, where the rainy season i* 
shorter, and the average rainfall about tVlj 
inches less than on the eastern roust. TIM 
temperature is very even, seldom rising above 
90 1 ’ Fahr , or failing below "O' 5 Fahr. The av- 
erage temperature, as liikru by a recent Mir- 
veying party on i Iso San Jhm River, was 7H' 
at A 90 a s., and 82° at 2 8.8. Tin; henltbi- 
tien* of fill climate is shown by the November 
report of the chief surgeon of the company. 
Two thousand meu were employed about the 
date of the report, and they hud free admis- 
sion to tho hospital. "Only ’one amt one third 
tier pent., "says tile surgeon, "of those actual- 
ly lu the hospital have died, and this percent- 
age includes all ruse*, whether due to acci- 
dents Involving Hudtk-n dumb, or deaths from 
nhthids pul sons I is contracted before enter- 
ing the company's service. Of those admit 
ted to the hospital suffering from diseases 
contracted in the country, onlv two-thirds 
of one jipt mu have died I>i«w*ra tin t 
with are not, as generally supposed, entirely 
of a malarial character. for only fifty one 
per cent, of the rases treated .luring the 
three months past have been due to fever of 
any form." A* these three month* weru 
during the rainy season, tbts record seems 
satisfactory. It is also worth noting that 
where most of the labor is required, on the 
western and cartern divides. die climate is 
Ute ruuat favorable in Nicaragua. 

The danger from flood* lia* been already 
referred to. und tlie plans projected to meet it 
Tlie danger, however, i* apt to be exagger- 
ated- There is no turbulent torrent here 
like the Chagrin, at Panatnn Tlie river* mo 
short, their sources are seldom further thuu 
the adjneeut highland* of Costa Rica, and the 
few Unit thrrolen any calculable injury to the 
cuonl are rarity diverted. The great safe 
guard, however, is in the equilibrium to the 
rainfall afforded, like a bulaoce wheel to a 
clock, by the Lake Nicaragua. Though it 
receives the rainfall from a water shed of 
some eight thousand sunup; mile*, draining 
off the surplus water* of Lake Managua, that 
lie* to the northward at the fool of the high- 
est ground in the country, l-ake Nicaragua 
at the time of its highest finest rise* only two 
feet. With the summit level of the lake 
maintained throughout tiro whole length of 
the canal, from some ten miles from the t’a- 
ribbean Sea to about four tnJtot from the 
Pacific, the danger to the canal by flood docs 
not *eem considerable. 

The Ukr is of great advantage in another 
way. At Panama, when it was decided that 
locks went nr-conry. the water to supply 
them was lacking. Lake Nicaragua, how- 
ever, at its ordinary title, is calculated to fur- 
nish tun limes Um amount of water needed 
by the canal and it* lock* 

’ Earthquakes are a source of possible dan- 
ger to building* in mot* laud*, ami to some 
degree throughout the whole isthmus where 
any coital *ilu lot* bee* proposed; but the 
danger would prolsibly la- just as great at 
Clmrlealon. N icaragua ccrtai u ly is not kuuw n 
to lie peculiarly subject lo volcanic convul- 
sions. 

By the concrarions to tho company it owns 
outright a great extent of land, on which ex 
(-client timis-r i« found, and it bn* the iiw of 
any materials required for construction from 
the public land*. Btono, too, of suitable 
kind, is found ill abundance at tlie "divide 
cut* " It was reported, too. by Dow. Jon Qfl, 
A Ca'l tiunncisl bulletin, on March 3d of tiii* 
year, that bituminous lignite coal has been 
found alsiul twenty-five mile* south of the 
lake near the route of lire canal— coal said to 
Is; adapted to the u«c of oram steamer* 
Should such be the case, the advantage of an- 
choring while in transit through the canal at 
one of tlie many large basins and costing 
would l>c very important. 

Tlie unlives of Nicaragua are mid to make 
excellent laborer*— but tlie suggestion is of 
slight importance, as .famaira negroes can 
lie easily obtained, and have to fur apparent- 
ly proved capable, and doubtless there arc 
many laborers to tie hud ou almost any term* 
who have been stranded at Panama 
THE COOT OF THE CANAL, 

The original rettraatc by Mr. Mcnocal of 
the oi«4 of this vast undertaking was #82, - 
000,000 for a total distance of 181 mile*. 
Subsequently, when the distance wa* re- 
duced by eight miles bv M-tecling a direct 
route to Greytown instead of the lino along 
the valley of the San Juan, the estimate was 
reduced accordingly by some $1 1 ,000.000. 
Recently Mr MvnoroL n* quoted in the re 
port of the United States Senate commltiee. 
estimated the grand total coat for construe- 
tioo of the canal, with all its appurtenances. 


inn-,, ling the making of the harbors, tlw 
erection of the ligbt-huuses, Hie construction 
of the auxiliary railroad and telegraph lines, 
and nil oilier incidental work, at 9A3, 084.170, 
in this wus included $lfi,000,0fx> for contin- 
gencies- On May 9, 1HM0. the Board of Con- 
sulting Engineers reported lo the Canal Con- 
struction Company that their grand total es- 
timate for the work, allowing twenty per 
(sent, in addition to Mr. Manned]'* 913.000.000 
for unexpected contingencies. was 987,709. 
57H Finally, tlii* spring, the committee of 
the Senate on Foreign Relation* reported 
that the total cost of the canal, including 
Interest on the bond*, could not exceed 
9100.000,000. 

As yet the Construction Conitutiy has ex- 
pended in construction, it is believe*), about 
M, 000.000. So far the estimates of Mr. Me- 
wk-aI have been foumi to lie extremely con 
•motive, and in several instances tlie cost, 
a* in tlie item* of labor ami dredging, bus 
fallen below wbal was expected. 

TONNAGE. 

The economical gain to commerce which 
determines the amount of lanoagti using a 
canal consist* primarily In the extent of soil- 
ing distance it suvra between the greatest 
number of important trading ports. Of *11 
Ibc canals wbich ever can In- built," it was 
said some lime ago, "it need* only a glance 
at Ibe map to see "that the Nicaragua or other 
(«nal through tbe Central American Isthmus 
will save tlie greatest wiling distance* Even 
Ibc saving bv the Sue* Canal is small iu pro- 
portion." Tor instance. 1s t ween London 
aud Calcutta, Bombay, or Canton, the Sue* 
Canal saves on an average »t«*ut 8300 tulles. 
More than twice as much is saved bv the 
Nicaragua Canal between London amf Sun 
Francisco. ami mtarly three limes as much 
between Him Francisco and New York- In- 
deed, between many corre.t|Hjnding points in 
the AlUutk and I'aciflc Status of the I'titou 
the distance rid tin- * anal is much leas than 
twice tbe distance by the transcontinental 
railroads, and the greater eheapne-ss of water 
carriage, even with high canal tolls, would 
frequently more Ilian compensate fur the 
greater conhiimption of time, especially w hen 
wharfage and warehouse fees would In; 
raved. and the cost of breaking bulk, as in all 
cares of freight shipped for exportation 

The calculation, however, of the amount 
of the world’s tonnage that might Ihj reason- 
ably expected to become contributory to the 
Nicaragua Canal is a matter of too great in- 
tricacy to he determined by any one but an 
expert. The factors involved are numerous: 
the proportionate decrease of du-lxiiee be- 
tween the terminal points: tbe sailing or 
steaming powers of the vessel*: the cast per 
day of transportation, including am * tig its 
elements tin- tonnage of the vessel, the cost 
of service, the oust of insurance— which.aguiu, 
depends on the danger af the voyage, the 
value and perishability of tho freight: the 
probability of quick return cargoes; and thu 
am- unit of Ibe canal toils. Authorities differ 
a* to the tonnage that i* directly contribu- 
tory to such a canal. A* to that indirectly 
contributory, or more or less within its 
sphere of Influence, authorities differ still 
more widely; and of different cU**c* of such 
tonnage it Is calculated that different priqmir- 
tiun-. one-tinlf. oiM- -third, oue fourth, or one- 
twelfth, may lie safely estimated a* directly 
contributory. To a person less experienced 
in stalUticA tlmn a Mr Mulliall.lhe prinripie 
•>f such clatelficalttMi seems uncertain, und 
tltc various prreentagrs more or le** arbi- 
trary. Tbe uiittiral Increase of tonnage is 
pciMildy variable, but all autlmrities agree in 
tlie rale ns one per cent, a uur. Another 
element to to* considered in u-tcrmlning Uio 
general question is lire degree to which com- 
nwrclal producllon in jaimctilnr localities i* 
stimulated by tlie improvement in method* 
of traits portallou to a market There is. 
however, no question as lo the fact of tbe 
stimulation. 

For there reason* it it Dot worth while ar- 
guing out the probabilities here It is wisest 
to refer to various estimate.* made by aulltori 
Intivu statisticians. M. Leroy Beaulieu, of 
the Institute, lire islitor of l/Ktonoaitle, in- 
tolerant of 11. de Lesrepu n rainbow-charing 
assertions, concluded that Uic tannage await- 
ing the opening of the canal In 1898 Would 
tn< four and a naif million tan* Tire Snn 
Francisco Ikiurd of Trade estimated such 
tonnage as five million ton* in ImHo. and 
8 KVl.oiMi in 1897. Tla* estimate of theJvtir- 
«.rf of Havre was 7, 5315, *83 Ions for I884.and 
8,313. 5M fi>T 1W. Tire estimate of the In- 
teriiaiUmal (.'ongrem at Paris was 7,380.000 
for IMS*, and 7.902.801) for 1887: of Mr. 
Nitnmo. 1.883.01)0 for ltWI and 1,901.380 for 
lbOT ; of tlie Maritime otul ('"mmerrurf G*»- 
snte, France. 9,:MKl.iefl for 18*4 and 10.283.- 
491 for IMG; of tire House fommilUNl on 
Commerce, about 8,000.0!H) for lr*©4. and 
8,940.000 for 1897. On considering tliere 


figure*, it is clear that they uvrrsge consider- 
ulilr above six millirm tons for 1897 — the 
earliest date at which Uie Nicaragua Canal 
may be expected to be open for bunim-M. 

THE MlWWTIVC INCOME. 

If the csim] is used by six millinn tons of 
freight and shipping annually, at a clmrgi of 
two dollars anu fifty cents |»~r ton. which is 
fifty ivnu more than tire toll at Sire*, tire com- 
pany's groa* income would Ire 913.000,000. 
At Kuer. lire operating expends are about 
uue million dollars, and n» the administration 
at Suns is not deemed ecutiomica). there is no 
special n ii'on why tlut sain hhould Ire cx- 
cecdfd at Nicaragua. The 913,000,000 n: 
inainiag would pay *ix per cent interest on 
a much larger sum’ than the highest estimate 
of conceivable cost— 9100.000.ti00. That In- 
terest would Ire puh! even if the tonnage wn* 
only four mil li. -n tons, und il*<- e\|n-iw» c*l 
the annual administration half a million more 
than at Suer. 

THE qCESTION OF FINANCE. 

Tire question of the financing of such un 
enterprise is a delicate one tn discuss, Imt It 
must he referred to. however briefly, since it 
i» upon Ibis rock that every previous project 
for »n interocesnic canal 1ms been wrecked. 

Tire first administration of the construe 
ti"ii company was in favor of marketing its 
bond* ut once both at home and abroad. 
Tire sdmjnlrtratkm that follow ed reversed 
this jwdrey, and preferred to Kek ahl first 
from the gurerniucnt. Tire suggration. how- 
ever. rame from Urn governuunt. mid not 
from Ure company. The attempt tr> finance 
the company wa* sbandoDcd, pending the 
action of Cnu^rcta. 

A bill sffccllig the Maritime Cotntxsuy bos 
lately been ucrimunionalv dclaUca iu the 
Senate, and is ably urged by Senator Hirer- 
■nun iu the current horam. in a impcr that 
li** appeared only after lire defeat of the hill 
has lieen practically decidsd. Tlie bill pro- 
p»ss-s it government guarantee m Him pt r 
petit of Uie bonds of tbe comjMtiy In pro- 
portion to tbe (xi*t of lire w<-rk as it is actu- 
ally done; tbe transfer of f'b.OtHMMXI out of 
9100,300,000 in stock to tbe government, n ith 
power to vote and with repre*<-nlatbi:i in the 
directory; and tbo payment by the Maritime 
('i*mpany lo the Construction Ci>m|Niuy of 
93.iW0.U00 of stock, upon cancvllnUon of all 
ollrer oblignthms except tbote due t« Nicn- 
r»gu» and Costa Rica. T lie effect of i In- p;i.s- 
rage of such n bill would, probably, bare 
liven to IcsM-ii tire energy and interest in lire- 
work of tire Construct ion Cuoi|wiiy, the ofll- 
cers of which would liecuuie lu vi Ucnlly cm 
p loves of tire goveiiiinent, ami the mnmU-ra. 
instead of reaping tire reward of proni-j(n.*D 
ami busiuces foresight, would rt-o-ive only re- 
imbursement fur money tlrey hail aciuaily 
(■XpeiMied. On Uie other bund, the netUm of 
tbe United Hlate* iu assomillg the sii]rerin 
tendence of a waterway of such r-aiional im 
portanre would be hut following the prece- 
dent set by Grcut Britain in purchasing: tin; 
control of the Hue* t'uiud, tutd tire advice of 
FmSdeotx Grunt. Arthur, and Haves. 

It entrant Ire denied thul tlie" firinriHug 
of tbe enterprise U scriuudy imperilled by 
this delay, It cannot be forgotten that the 
previous Miiritime Canal ( i-inpuuy of Nira- 
rngua was obliged to forfeit its concession 
in eonreqncnoe of a similar ih lay in appeal- 
ing to private capital through a similar vain 
reliance an government aid. Fortunate)) the 
concessions of Ibis conipanv have been saved 
by the |icrsonul saenfiee* of its members; the 
present administration, under Uie presidency 
of tire Hon. Wnruer Miller, him reverted to 
lire earlier policy, and expects to appeal for 
capital lu .lit Irerc and in Europe. Tlie diffi- 
culties to be met are irrvat. It was lulmittcd 
to the committee of < <>ngre«s that the bonds 
could probably not Ire- negotiated at par. 
Tire prc>cnt b-cliug iu finiincinl centre.* U 
certainly not fanmtlilc to sjs-ciilativc enter- 
prim w faralga InodAbowwa ittro of «il- 
limulc *uect-»i. Meantime, the most rigid 
economy in executive a*lniiui-ir*ti'm must 
Ire; atforced und runmtaiiMil. in order that 
tbe entile proceeds of both Iremd* and stock 
may Ire (levelled to conMructMHi With the 
fate of the Panama company before tlreir 
eyes, however, tlrerr i* no (tar that the man- 
agers of tbe Nicaragua t.'annl Compuny will 
run tbe ri»k of failure by like methods. 

The success of Uie enterprise now 1 tints 
upon this mutter of finance. If money D 
regularly on bund on the spot in sufficient 
amount* and at the necessary limes, it i* be- 
lieved that tbe work con Im; completed in 
five year* instead of six. ns wus originally 
euUuuli-d: if from lurk of funds iiuvmenta 
arc insufficient or dot to be i]i-|M-tiiii-d upon, 
there w ill Im- proportionate delay; If the *ur» 
ply fails wholly, tlie canal will not he iHtift, 
certainly not by this company, prolably not 
by Americans, and piwsibly not by any com 
puny of any nation for tunny yearn. 




A pRlL O* 1, 

though Etigland fought hard anti long to retain her 
t>ltl An*®*** 11 she would prohably part wiLli 

K«*w(outidla*id without u struggle if Newfoundland 
really wished to go. 

TI1K INDIAN COMMISSIONER. 

The rumor* of a request for the resignation of Indian 
CtanMoter Morgan probably Indicate twoe trouble in 
the Indian Department. Hut tin- stories told of tire circum- 
stance* must be received with nirviac caution. It is »nid 
that be discriminate* against Kiuuuu Catholic teacher*. Rut 
t*ie fata of the appointment of i Protestant iwln-r in plocu 
of a ('nlbolic does not prove di'crimioatirm against t tiilio- 
lica. It may prove only that a sectarian intriguer Un* been 
tliaplaccd. Commit# loner Morgan says: “I have never 
tirade any distinction in tbo matter of religion in selecting 
toucher*. In fact there Imvc been rases where vacancies oc- 
curred ill acbool* wliirb bare been under Catholic supv-rvi. 
uion, and I directed that preference be given to Otlholic ap- 
plicant* for tbn position*." 

It is well understood that a Catholic lobby Is maintained 
itt Washington. and exercise* it strong Influence upon Ind- 
inn affair*. AIkiuI a year ago Mr. Kelsey. n Protestant, 
wits ap|>olnt«d agent at Green Bay in place of a Catholic. 
Tito Catholic school authorities refused to recognize bint- 
Tlio commissioner sent him word that if he did not at- 
tend to bis duly he would be sit penciled, and Mr. Kki.->.f.v 
tlirtniiiord a Catholic "Sister. " a teacher who descried her 
action! for seveml day* without excuse. It is slated by a cor- 
respondent of the A 1 ™ mi tig Post that when it was dwlded that 
the Catholic agent should not be reappointed. Mr. McCord. 
tbo Republican Representative in Congress of the district 
which include* Green Bay. w»» warned by the Catholic 
authorities that if be did not procure tbr appointment of a 
Cathnlic successor be would lie held accountable- The 
President, however, made the appointment, and not only 
vrere the Indians incited by Culltoik* to resist bis authority, 
but they aided to defeat Mr. McCord’s re-election. 

These are die stub-menu which are published lu a respon- 
sible Journal, and which are not doubted by thou? who are 
familiar with the situation in Washington. Thai a strong 
sectarian pressure was brought to bear against the confirma- 
tion of CommiMhwirr Morgan is well known, nod Unite 
who am most familiar with the situation know the constant 
aeclarian effort la obtain ascendency in die Indian Depart- 
ment. The t.'ommi«siooer'» frank opposition to a mere 
partisan and poSitical management of the department has 
earned the hostility of the Indian ring, ami bl« path is there- 
fore beset with difficulty. But he says, it is to bn hoped 
correctly, that the President acts deliberately, and will not 
demand the resignation of a public officer until a thorough 
investigation has been made of the charges against him. 


THE REMOVAL OF WARDEN BRUSH. 

Ex- W arden Bursa, of Uic .State prison at King Sing in 
New York, is widely known os an admirable officer in a po- 
sition where experience is n mmi desirable qualification. lie 
lias lieea recently removed by Governor Hill without any 
" cause” which is announced or generally known. The re- 
moval i* bettered to be wlndly doe to the political plana of 
the Governor. In plain English, it is MWnd that If Mr 
Bri'*h were what is known as a IIill Democrat, be would 
have remained in his office 

If this belief be well founded, the Governor by dmgging 
the prison administration into politic* bos committed an 
offence against the public welfare for his personal advantage. 
In Indiana tbe lending journal of tbe Governor’s party has 
recently strongly and justly denounced tbe Democratic Btnle 
Senators for defeating tbe bill winch secured for the State 
charitable hmltutiou* a non |-urtt*»u management The re- 
port of Mr. Foclkk six or acrca years ago ren-abd In detail 
tbe shameful results of party ami political administration of 
tbooft institutions, and is a permanent ami conrlusive argu- 
ment against surh control.. The argument is as unanswer- 
uhle when applied to prison administration, ami lire dismissal 
of War* lea Hmi'hii for mere political reasons is a wrong to 
the Slate. 

but if it be wrong for the Governor to introduce politics 
Into tbe prison, it t* equally wrong for tbe Warden. It is 
alleged that be “did it find,” aud that lie bail taken such an 
active part in politics as ought not to be taken by a State 
officer bidding Mich a position. If lids be true, lie has in- 
Tiled upon sound principles bis own removal. As Mr. Lin- 
coln said to ihit po-tni-uttr during the. war. “You have a 
right to your own political views and to vote as you |dca«e. 
but so bus every one of your clerks, and you have no right 
to coerce them.” A public officer in Mr. Rhi *ii’b position 
cannot be an active politician without just public- offence. 
We do not make the charire. for we do nut know the fart, 
ami we do know bow easy It is to cause Mich a charge to be 
made whlreM rew-<"< when a pretext foe re moval U desired. 
So for as appear*. tii«? removal of Wnriien Brihii is wln>lly 
unjimiffabk-. Tiwi executive power of removal is iitwpse*- 
t humble; but that its excrete for the reason* generally al- 
leged in Ibis <*ue is a public wrong is equally unquestionable. 


HOW TO CLEAN THE STREETS. 

The report of tbe advisory committee of citizen* upon 
rtreet-cluuning. appoint'd by Mayor Grant, I* an admirable 
document. The committee hare- done their work thorough- 
If and effectively Tliey have evidently bod bait one object 
in view, to ascertain the precise situation and to point nut 
the remedy. The committor seem U> have hail no prejudice 
of any kind, and IbeiT report shows clearly that the problem 
of street cleaning in New York is by no means insoluble. It 
l» perfectly practicable to dean tbe street* if tbe people of 
tbi city wish to have them cleaned and will select the proper 
Htfls- But it is clear that so loog as the people cbouati to 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 

submit to Tammany Hull, they will pay enormously for dirty 
streets and tk« disgrace of tbe city. 

The report describes the inefficiency of the present system, 
and stslea lu calls**. It hnkU, however, that tbe preterit 
law, efficiently ailministrrcd. Is adequate to secure clean 
Mmti. But to r flii-k-nt adminUtmtixU. the honest co opera- 
tion of the city departments. Police. Health, ami Public 
Works. t* essential. Tbe re|*o»t consklet* that tbe appro- 
priation for street churning is not large enough. Eighteen 
hundred thoasiunl dullan* a year, with proper provision for 
an increase to keep pace with the increasing work, would be 
pmlwbly sufficient. The committee say: 

“ |n nai opinion the problem of slreel-eWaalng is s problem 
mote of uipHiiimtion and eierutiv* mansgemtat than anything 
else. It requira* Clio Mim- kind of ability ami training *>» »* 
failed in slid developed bv the trans|iortatlon ivwnpuik-s sud oth- 
er gnat eurpo ratio** employing large bodw* of men." 

Tbst is to say, if the work Is to lx* well done, street clean- 
ing must be taken out of politics. This is the conclusion of 
comuum-aeUM*. and the intelligence of the community will 
heartily approve the commit tee’s opinion. Tbe city, they 
say. should lie divided into districts, each wider a superin- 
tendent Tf‘.|HuiMble to Use general superintendent, and tbe 
conditions of efficiency arc 'the permanent employment of 
laborers selected under civil aervice regulation*, the purchase 
of the necessary' plant instead of hiring it, the denning of 
nil paved streets by tbe block or patrol system, and the Anal 
disposition of material by contract." The committee ia 
composed of practical business and prrifi**ii>®ul men who 
have considered tbe quest inn solely iqion tin- ground of the 
public interest. It is therefore very interesting to ol»ervt« 
their conclusion that for lltc trouble which bus brought 
popular government in the city into contempt as utterly im- 
potent to grapple wiih tbe imiat obvious necessity, that of 
clean streets, tbe simple, natural, and effective- remedy ia 
civil service reform a phrase which luenne simply taking 
out of politics wLmt does not belong to politics. 

PROGRESSIVE LEGISLATION. 

The bill providing for tbo Stole care of the insane has 
beta mode effective by the {Manage of live neceomry appro- 
priation. and the sorry spectarlr which hns been offered by 
so many poorhnnsr* of the neglect nr inadequate cure of 
those who require peculiar ten dermis* of care will cease. 
The State Ununi of Charities has been un efficient missionary 
of humanity by calling public attention every year to the con- 
dition of the county pooriiouses, which Insve been very gen- 
erally neglected by the neighborhood, and have lu-en left to 
the care of county officers wlvo are often painfully unquali- 
fied for and* a charge- 

The President of the Board of (.'haritics. Mr. Oscar Cram, 
lias l>crii very m-iivc in tbe promotion of the change, which 
lias been naturally resisted by many of tbe county officers, 
who liave more than an official interest in mainlainlng the 
old system. Tbe impulse which bus resulted to happily 
came, we believe, from tire State Charities AM Association 
and its President, Miss ScRUTLER. Tbe only serious objec- 
tion that we have heard wot made on the ground of inade- 
quate State accommodation, and the unwisdom of ma-tving 
insane patients in great institutions, which is contrary to live 
latest views of sanitary science in tbe treatment of the Insane. 
But those objection* arc familiar to the active leaders of tbe 
change, and it may be vafiOy assumed either that tbe new 
scheme will provide to avoid them, or that if an alternative 
b presented, State care is altogether preferable to county 
care. 

As tills good work Is achieved, the Governor has signed 
(lie hill making mandatory the appointment of police ma- 
trons in cities of more than 23.000 inhabitants. Tire Gov. 
urnor declined to approve a mandatory law lost year, trust- 
ing that tbe citica would avail Hii-uhl'Ivc* of the ptimreivo 
clause. - This they have mil dime, and Ire now willingly 
sign* the bill, believing that in no other way can the good 
ruMillH sought by it. which we have heretofore stated. Is- ac- 
complished. This law and tbe appropriation for tire State 
care of the pauper insane are among the good works of Uiia 
Legislature. Viewed politically, tire performances of most 
Ixiglslalnmi are nut dlifying. Their gnnre of putting yonr 
opponent in a hub- is familiar but childish. But acts like 
tlresc. which remedy acknowledged wrongs, ore tbe crown of 
a Legislature. 

THEODORE THOMAS AND THE CHICAGO 

MUSICIANS. 

There hns lieen some excitement among professional mu- 
sicians in Chicago arising from a statement that Mr. Theo- 
dore Thowa* intended to being miwU-Uns from ulwmul, 
and not to employ Chicago musician- In his new orchestral 
association. The feeling as reported wa* akin to tliat which 
would prohibit (he importation of foreign pictures as in- 
jurious to tire American pointer. It is due to a wholly 
im-cbanicnj and unworthy view of art of any kind, as well 
as mistaken in itself. What buyers of picture* want i* good 
pictures, and the exclusion of foreign works does not open 
a market for dourest ic pictures unless tlrey arc gixid, in 
which case tin- foreign importation makes no difference. 
Moreover, the introduction of good works wherever pro- 
ilucod educate* Mb the buyer and Hie artist, ami promotes 
not only the public interest in art Itself, but tbe private ad- 
vantage of tire artist. 

This truth i* well stated by Mr. Thomas in reply to ques- 
tion* in Chicago. He said that the re|Xii1«d ill feeling was 
due to miiondrrsta ruling, for every gum I musician knew 
that be was not unfriendly. The only difference la-tween 
there w*» one of standard. Mr. Thomas said character- 
iMically that he ahoAild leave no atone unturned to uphold 
Ids standard and achieve tbo b**t artistic remit. “Chicago 
musicians, " be mid. “ must understand that this undertak- 
ing of the Cliirngo Orebsstral Association, beginning next 
fail, ia in tbe interest of art and uot of bariums. We do 


239 

not come here to take away the bu*ino** of any musician. 
On the contrary, w« hope to create a demand for musiciau* 
hy arousing an interest in tbe community at Urge for good 
in uric." 

Tbi* i« admirably said. In a fuw words it states tbe aim 
uud the result of any intelligent ami Welt-equipped forwaid 
movement in aoy branch of art. Painter* who regaiti paint- 
ing pictures as a trade like painting carriages, will rev? with 
pleasure that the owners of tire “ Angeius " will be obliged 
to pay a heavy penalty when tlrey attempt to bring the picture 
into this country. But lire painter who knows Hint bis art 
is not a trade, and that his work drx* not compete with tire 
finest carriage painting, knows that the " Angelus” educate* 
tbe public taste which be aims to please, and gives value ro 
the picture that be points. It is this fidelity to a high Ideal 
in art. milled with the power of inspiring Ills feliow muri 
ciaua with tbe same generous enthusiasm, which mnkc* Mi 
Thomas so great a conductor anil his dcjwrture from the 
city a public misfortune. 


TI1E REV. DR. HOWARD CROSBY. 

The death of the Rev. Dr. Howard Cltosnv. w!m> hat 
been so active and so well known a* a worker for lire public 
and private good lit New York city, is announced as this 
paper goes to press. His portrait ts given on |mge M, but 
a review of hi< life trill have to be postponed until the next 
number of the Weekly. 


PERSONALl 

CoutxRL Gkoiioe B. McClellan Harvey has Jnst been 
ap|H>iiited by Uoveritor Anmrrr to Ire Ommisoiouer of 
Banking ami lunuraiice for the State of New Jersey. Ill* 
appoiutuieut is another illustration of the enr roach lug 
domination of young mini in Itemorratie polities. He is 
only twenty-seven year* old, was born In Vermont, lias 
lived in New Jersey for nearly *ix years, uud for the punt 
three years bus been on the Governor's staff, lie will have 
supervision of all the larger liunucial institution* of the 
State. The office is a new one, and it* duties were for- 
merly administered by tbe Secretary of State. 

— William McLennan, whose short stories and sketches 
of tire French Canadian kubihisf have made him a prophet 
even in his own country, is a well-known lawyer in Mon- 
treal. Njiui’ of the best of bis stories ate noon to appear 
in Hark u s Monthly ami in this periodical. Mr. Wil- 
liam D. Howell* believes he will do for tire French Cana- 
dian what Mr. Caulk did for tire French American of 

Louisiana. 

— K. A. A uiiev, tba artist, whose admirable 8bakeN|rearlan 
sketches ill llARrKU’i MAiiAZl.vr have attracted mnch at- 
tention, has a delightful retreat in Bedford Gtrdsns, one 
of thn*i! charming country spot* which can lie found only 
iu a trig city like London. Here Ire has, among other tren 
sum. a room trsnsferresl tredily from un old ImiM in K»- 
sex, tbo oaken wails and the quaintly carved fire-pl cr> uf 
which are ceiitorio# old. Mr. Annr.r is now off on uu cx 
ruraion to Italy to study scene# ami place# for bi» bbakt- 
spearian ill astral ion*. 

— Henry Fikldino Dickrnh. lire Reconier of Deal. Eng- 
land, ami the most capable of tbn son* left by tbe novelist, 
ha# successfully defended in court CHARLES Lf IHK»N, tire 
young medical student charged with puisouiiig bis step- 
brother, Jtr. W. It. LvoiHiN. 

— Eiiqrer«r William is writing a life uf bis grandfather, 
and also a book of Norwegian travels. 

—Tire fact that Lawrence Baiiiirtt was a Freemason 
did uut prevent a Roman Catholic priest from ndiniuister 
iug lire last rites to hint. Mr. lUiturrv was buried in a 
I'rotcstmit cemetery at Cobnsaett, MusMacUnsrtts. there Ire- 
iug no Catlndic lnirj iug ground iu (Ire town. The lot iu 
which he mis was consn-ruted, however, ami • priest said 
tbe prayer* at tbe grave. 

— Colonel Cuaiil*:* I.kdyand Noitdin, wire met with 
quite u M-rimis accident recently while hunting for a Vol- 
cano in Florida, is well hnowu in New York literary circles. 
He was gradunted from Yale in l“M),*oii enlisted when tbo 
w nr broke out. Since I be restoration of peace he has been 
engaged in literary work, and has written several boohs. 

— Rev. Herman Halsey, wbo was graduated from Wil- 
liams College iii Inll.died hut week ut Lust Wilson, New 
York, at the age «f uiurty-MHou yean. Ho was probably 
tlreuUleot living college graduate in this country. 

—Tlic remains of Alexander WiluaM KimiLaKe, the 
liiNtorian, were ctematwl at Woking. England, and then 
taken in uu tirn to I’itminster. ireur Tuuiituii, aud deposit- 
ed in the family huryiug-gronml. 

— The lain l»r. Lt'DWio Windthorst, the Homan Cath- 
olic lender in the Uermnu Reichstag, was most eccentric is 
appearance. For many years Ire was Bismarck’s most hit- 
ter • *|*oiient, bis caastiu wit ami skill in parliamentary 
strategy causing the great Chancellor many nnconifortablc 
tnoim-nts. 

Professor CiiaRLE* Walhotkin, the American archanl- 
ogist, in nmk log Interesting discoveries among the rains of 
Lief tin on the island of Enlin-a. The city was destroyed 
hy the Persian* 41k l year* H.C-, and in his excavations Pn- 
fosMir WaLDOTEIN has found the remains of a theatre aud 
a number of treasures, including gold diadems, jewels, 
vases, etc. 

— Tire New York Chamber of t'omnrerce treasure* nmoug 
its collection of historical relics, t* " ]retition i« Congress 
from citizens of New York for postal refortu,” which was 
circulated ill I Kid, and naked for a two-cant letter poatnge, 
n money -order system, and other things which have since 
bvenine important features of tbo service. It is bound iu 
red munrero, with gilt edge# and lettering, anil contains 
al«>nt tan thiniHailil signature*, tire first being that of J DIM 
HaKEER. Among the other names of pnituluem-c arc those 
of Pa-rKR Cooper, Levi p. Mmiiton, General Wineield 
th-orr, William H. Skuaud, Wiijjah ITijjcn Bryant, 
Horace Gmxki.kv, Henry J. Raymond. Henry Ward 
Bkkciiek, Aijexandkh T. Sthwart, E. 1» Mono an, David 
Dcdlry Field, John Van BuuEN,*nd Ur. Valentina Moti. 



I 


sd by vjOO* 


*240 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 176J 



TUB COVER SM EXT BUILDING FOB THK COLUMBIAN BXPOSmOX- 


T1IE GOVERNMENT'S EXHIBIT AT THE 
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Tint government's exhibit at the World's Fair In 1S98 

iromise* to be one of the most interesting features of the 


Exposition. The naval exhibit will certain!)' bo so. Jamea 
II. Windrim, Supervising Architect of the Treasury, pre- 
sented an alternate plan for a government building, last 


February. 

This Trim offered at th« invitation of some of the author! 
ties, who believed that the plans already regarded as tins I 


, _ d the new plans were imnlc 

o show a structure of greater central elevation, of polygonal 


it sufficiently striking, a 


form, retaining the original outer linn, covering the space 
of 420 by 800 fee* allotted to the uses of the government. 
The first plans were designed to provide a building within 
(lie cost of #400.000 authorized by the Congress As the 
later, or " alternate, " plan contemplated mi expenditure of 
#*00,000, and the Congress was opposed to extending the 
appropriation, the first plans were retained, ami will be used 
in the construction of the building. There are as yet no 
plans of the details of the interior, cither to show location 
of rxhibits or style. A tentative plan, by which to indicate 
that the departments of the government, except the navy, 
will be provided for under one roof, bus been made. These 
department*, together with the Smithsonian Institution and 
the Fish Commiaaion, will be grouped about a central court 
of octnguual form, with the main entrance on tbo lake front. 
Tho appropriation for the building is not large enough to 
iwrniit uf elaborate architecture, or the indulgence in a 
taste for much ornamentation. 


Tho meat popular feature of] the exhibition will be tho 
exhibit of the Navy Department. Captain K. \V. Meade. 
U.8.N.. suggested some time ago that os the navy would 
have a large and very interesting contribution to make to 
the Exposition, it would be desirable to present it no an r>!> 
ject lesson, in a structure resembling as closely ns possible 
one of the latest designs of tlie constructor* of our navy for 
u powerful man of war. The suggestion met with prompt 
approval, both for Its novelty and ns practicability. Instead 
of arranging the exhibit of the Navy Department in a hall. 
It will be put in a structure resembling in every detail a 
HI. 000 ton coast-line bailie ship, like the /ndiVinti, the Mimm- 
cAu wM», or the Ortqan, now building It Is considered de 
si ruble by the inventor of this design that the building should 
tic erected at the lake front, but unless the local board in 
Chicago will expend tlwi money required to erect a break- 
water. it may be necessary to sacrifice the realism that would 
be secured by constructing tho model of the ship upon nlle* 
driven into the bottom of the lake, atul set it up on shore 
near the government building. 

The inode] will be 34* feel in length and 69 feet in width, 
and to ail appearance will be identical with the battle ship 
that will cost #8,000,000. The materials of construction 
will be brick. Iron, and wood, and plaMer will be combined 
with paint in effective imitation of iron and steel. Upon 
tliis model ship there will be mounted fifty guns of nil cal 
itirm, from the great 13-inrh monster, that carries a projec- 
tile weighing eleven hundred pounds, to tbc oue pounder 
rapid-fire guns and tbo Gatlings. Everything appertaining 
to the fully ecptipiwd battle ship will be seen in its proper 
place. Turrets, torpodo-boots, torpedo ncLs ami boom*, boats, 
anchors, chain cables, davits, awnings deck fillings, and the 


appliance* for working all of these things, will be shown. 
The 13-inch guns, of which there are four, will bo model*, 
as the rrni gun ami carriage weigh 1151 ton*, and woubl re 
quire a building of great strength for support. Officers 
ami stamen and marines wlU be detailed to illustrate the 
discipline ami mode of life on shipboard. Tlie superstructure 
will show (be cabins. Mate rooms, mess rooms, galley, me** 
table* for tlie crew, lockers, and other fittings. There will 
be opportunity to exhibit on (be berth-deck the machinery 
by which the shin will be operated. charts and instrument* 
of navigation, oruauncc implements, including electrical de- 
vices, gun carriage motors, range finders, models of type 
Ships, and samples of provisions, clothing, bunting, signals, 
and flags. There will also be portrait* of naval heroes from 
tlie time of Paul Jones to Fnrragut, Foote, ami Porter, and 
the costumes of the navy from 1774 to the present time will 
be worn by the attendants. 

Soon after the propuml was made to pul the naval ex- 
hibit in a model, it wna objected to by persons who thought 
it would provoke ridicule of the navy. This feeling lias 
been inrgelv dispelled by tlie prompt adoption in England 
of Captain Meade's idea. At the nuvn] exhibition to be held 
at C'liclsea during tlie coming fall, the most attractive fen 
ture. it is expected, will lie a full-size model, built upon a 
lawn, of Lord Nelson's Vxierp as she appeared ut the batik 
of Trafalgar. Captain Meade's suggestion bn* I wen received 
also with enthusiastic approval in tbc French papers, which 
have published illustrations of it. accompanied by elaborate 
descriptions Wlut tbc Navy Department also hope ia that 
the Western people of tlie priuric will take an interest In tbc 
nary when they see what oue of her ships of war is like, 
and will not grudge in future #3,000,000 for one ship. 



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TUB SHAM BATTLE Stitt’. 

TIIE GOVERNMENT'S EXHIBIT AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



APRIL *. 16 ® 1 - 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


241 



Cftmcron YV.oj^ers 


I urnao with ■ word of two of welcome, and begged him to 
come in mid make himself at boo hi. lie eatnu in ami seated 
hinuelf upon a blanket which was spread upon tli« ruia 
(Inorlnit or the lent, ami for a mometii Kept absolute slieDce 
Thru lie ankl. slowly, without looking up. 

"I dare say you are surprised to see uit here. ilr. Deni 
son?" 

" Why. yes. ciiplakn, to tell Ure truth, I am," 1 answered, 
wondering what *u forth coming, 

" Weil,'' he continued. " 1 came hero because 1 wanted to 
know inn; I wanted some one to talk with 1 know you 
w ill think 1 might hare gotten tu know you at tnesa. and have 
had plenty of chances to talk my till with my brother officers 
lit night. but somehow I am not in Kym|Mlliy with the others. 
They are all good fellow*, but I am not much of a Joker, and 
us for talking, they would llnd me very dull, fur 1 hnvr hut 
little to say which would interest them. I saw after a while 
that you were different. I found tlmt we grew up at the 
same college— you graduated last summer, 1 think 1 beurd 
you say; I. five years ago— and »o I frit as if. should you 
cure tu know me better. I should he glad to go. us I have 
gone, more than half way." 

He looked up now for Ihe first time since he began to 
speak. Ilehiul an allraetive fare. His chin was well mould- 
ed, his mouth linn, and Ills uuse slightly aquiline, bis eyes 
were blue and passire. I always felt. when looking In them, 
tlmt onre Ilii'V trail been very bright, but that some flume 
within his BMtiro had gone out. ana llwjr had cooled Into their 
present dull blue, llis head was shapely, and his bnir brown, 
slightly ringed with gray. A* lie caught my glnnce he smiled 
— his smile was very pleasant— and held out his hand. 

I took it and duped It warmly, “ Two men from Ihe 
same college,” I suid, "should be good friend* ] guess a 
brother of yours was in my class— Frank Wodderburn." 

"No." said lie, “a cousin, with Itooccrans now, In tho 
Weal." 

"You are the John Wcddcrbum, aren't you," I contin- 
ued." who wrote the prize essay ou slavery?'' 

'• I lira the man.'' lie answered " Got a pipo?” 

1 t eased him one. and for a time we talked of old college 
memories and aKsocialiona 

" Yes," he ssiil. after sotn* lime pawed in this manner, 
** I am very glad to know you. Jervis Denison. 1 was »int 
ply drying up in my desire to talk with some one who would 
Ik-. a* ihe Itallun» say.' sympaUca, ' and now I've found you." 

Talk away," 1 interrupted; "I'm a grand listener; a 
regular Dominie Sampson." 

"Ob, I haven't come around with any set speeches." lie 
continued, with a smile. ** 1 only wauled to make a friend 
of you. Denison, and know Hist when I did talk some one 
would listen with a friend's charily. I'm not much of a 
talker. I once talked too much— far too much, Since then 
[ vi i n M up." 

He smoked for some little time in silence, listening rather 
abstracted 1 T tu an edilorial which 1 read aloud, then he 
looked suddenly in my face and said. In a husky voice, 
" Did you ever hear it said in the brigade or anywhere else 
that 1 was a coward?" 

" You a coward. Weddcrburn!" I exclaimed, in amaze- 
ment " Why. man, your record at Autielam Is the pride 
anil talk nf the regiment " 

He miiI h-d, and K gave bU face an almost boyishly pleased 

expression such an expression ns it mint have worn when 
lie took Id* first college honors. "Do Uiey talk of It?" he 
oald. " I never lirnm them 

“They do, all the same," I answered; "and if von were 
not surii a hermit you would know it as well as I. n 

"Si no one here thinks me a coward," murmured Wod- 
drrbnrn. half to himself, tin liapriy . gratified look still lin- 
gering on his face. “ well. I hardly sup 
would. ’ Then, with a different hug In Ills voice, he mid: 
“And yet one year ago. Dmiian, if you had l*rcn in my 
native city, you would have htud tlia’l on all sides— that I 
wot a coward, a boaster, a man who could not make Ids 
brave words good, a — Hut I won't go on now . it was a lie. 
iK-nisnn a He. There were only three or four who didn't 
think It the uutb My father, my mother, my own faintly, 
believed in me; ami there might I save l«rn one roan- -one 
more." 

nr tpnkc tlicsc la«t wnnl» almtwil to himself. and as hr 

n used. el »t ping hts hand* about bis knees, the old weary 
•k come into his eyes. When lie spoke again. It was of 
old college days. 


"So you remember my celebrated corny on slavery, do 
you?' hn asked, presently, 

" lUlhvr. "said 1; " and cnitdor compols me la admit that I 
cribbed a little from It for the one I wrote ou Jolm Hrowu; 
which, by the way. did not lake tlir prize " 

He laughed gently. "They were I with goo.1 subjects. ” 
said he- both. I was a ml hot abolitionist, nnd many a 
shindy did I have with meinlien> of the Kouthm. < milingnil. 

Thrrr were a lot of them in lny class son w of them splen- 
did chap*, too— but we couldn't agree Wc had different 
points of rlrw; and two points of view, I mail* make two 
**•1* of logic. Where were yoor rootns, Denison ?" 

“ South College, thin! floor back, south entry," I replied. 

" Mine were in South College too. fourth front and south 
entry. Do you know." ho went an. "the other day, wbeu 
we were passing that old twin on Urn turnpike, anti saw socli 
n swarm of swallows darting In nud out under the roof. I was 
thinking of old Souih College, and I said to myself, if all 
i.i- ' : lier I h< 

rmty college caves wen- changed to swnllaws, wliat a cloud 
of them tliere would be' And some of tlwm would fly right 
in nt my old window*, too— a good many. In fuel . hut they 
Wnuldu l find mo. and my succcjbot would have a flock of 
his own, Poor old bopesl" lie said, sodlv. " My mom was 
n panullne for them. Do you know Thaekrray's ‘ Canes 
bottom Chair, ’ Denison? 

1 Aw*y from t tie world slid It* tolls so it IU <*ns, 

I * •nug llttls ktafSes* u|> loar tlgtils <■( iltlra ' 

Yes, and I had a cane-bottom chair, and it hod its story loo; 
hut never mind lhat now. College i» a great place for dream 
ing. Iiut you'll beat wake up w lien you toko your decree. 

Don't wait for the world to awaken you. It Is apt to Jo no 
without gloves." Weddcrburn slopped and looked at Ills 
watch. " What, a quarter of ten!" wild he. "That means 
turn in for me. Good night. Denison." A* hr shook liands 
again ; " Wc shall be friends, shan't we* Conic to my quur 
ters to marrow night. There is just a drop left in the flask, 
ami we'll • let the ciinniklii clink.' Good night." 

When you are liable to be ordered into halite nt any moment 
and lose your life, it seems to me that the friendships you 
then form, not knowing when tlicy may is- broken hy death, 
grow eloae and strong in a much briefer |>crit>d than they 
would in more praocfiil days Such, nt lca*t, was my expe- 
rience in my friendship with John Wcdrierburn, or "John- 
ny." as he told me he was usually called. 

The more I saw of him the more nitachcd I hrrnmn to 
him. lit* conduct at Antlctam, which hod won him the 
admiral inti of Hie brigade, had surrounded him with a charm 
Impomtble for any youthful ami eothuslaatlc nature long to 
reals!. Indited, aside from thin, it would have been Imnl for 
any one not to like Johnny WetUlerburn had he tried to 
gain one's regard. 

He hod his full share of faults, but he hud also a keen ap 
prccialitin of tlie fuel. lie was singularly fond nf npprota- 
lion ami pmiie. yet modest to llic point of ahsuniity. 

lie was twenty-seven years of age, nnd nt limes looked 
much older; yet when something pleased him. and lie shook 
off his mood meat and laughed. his face was tliat of a hoy of 
eighteen. 

All III all. I found him n most nt tractive umu and drUglil 
fill eompnnioti. and our acquaintance speedily developed llilo 
a llmi friendship. 

One day about tlie middle of Novcmhrr. Weddcrburn. a* 
soon a* he was off duty, cane- to me ami said he hml ii great 
deni to led me; that we could get pcrmiwUm lUil afternoon 
to take n long walk Is-youd the pickets, and then we could 
talk without iiiirrrupiian. Ills manner wo* eager ami ner- 
vous. nud all his movements Were indicative of suppressed 
emotion. I promised gladly to go with him. and that after- 
udon we wandered far alieliL 

Pausing at last. Weddcrburn flung Idinself on the hard 
dry ground nud mid, "Sit down, Jervis. I want to loll you 
mi ' i -i- u > 

“ I .cl me light up," aahl I, striking a match. “ Now go 

" You know already," lie began, "who I am and where 1 
came from " 

" Yes," I amentrd. 

" You *u*|s « t I came awav under a cloud?" 

“No. Johnny," I answered, warmly; “ unless, |<eiha|M, of 
sorrow " 

Tliank you." *aid ho. quickly "I knew you were the 
right suit when I first laid eyes upon you. I urn like Hie 
Ancient Mariner; 

'Tlie moiwwl ih.it his tare 1 *ec 
I l«> tOr man lh*l mini hmr am* 

Well, you must liear me now . olil fellow.' lie sat u mu 
meal in alleaoe. "Ye»,"sald he nt li'ngtli, "there was no 
cloud mve that of misunderstanding mid -•■rr.iw When 
Huinter was tired on, I was twenty -five. I was a ml. id 
abolitionist, a fierce partisan of Lincoln. My people were 

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and down the adjacent thoroughfare* an endless train of 
curls .vans, street run, and carriages rumble* and clatters 
tin- greater part nf tlie twenty four hours. 

But tlie uproar never seems to break in upon or dispel the 
air of complete repose which surround* tire old mansion 
Tire verv dual appear* to settle with a certain deference oyer 
tlie garden nnd through the brandies of the elm-trees which 
stain I like tiroway sentinel* just within lire yard. The Wed- 
(lerlmrn plnrc is’ like a half hour stolen for meditation out 
of n busy day. It I* a little Mecca in lire midst of the work- 
n tiny world unto which you may turn to meditate awhile 
on remote mid quiet theme*, ami. even a* tire Modem leaves 
his aline* without tlie mosque, bid the questions and anxie- 
ties of life await you nt the gate. 

Within lire house i* the aume atmosphere of rest, tinged, 
you might say. with aadneM. The shadow of some lingering 
sorrow, softened ami mellowed by time, seems mingled with 
I bo calm and quiet of tire duster room*. A* you trend 
tliroiiirh the long bnll.tbc soft odd patterned rug* hush the 
footfall into silence. Tire old fashioned furniture meets 
rour pare, seeming to say, softly, " We ore long in the fami- 
ly. nml have memories." 

In tire library, above tho fireplace, bangs a portrait of a 
young man in tne uniform of an officer. At one side of tire 
heart I* is a little table loaded with book*— all of them relating 
to tho war— sketch*!* of this or tlmt battle, plan* of cam- 
paten**, ami mililary biography, ami poring over these you 
will often find an old whfir-haired gentleman with mild faro 
nnd manner, strangely belying his choice of literature. Let 
liirn, however, he assured of yoor sympathetic attention, and 
hit oy© will fire and Ills face kindle a* lie points to the por- 
trait *al>ove Hie mantel-shelf and tell* you It i« hi* only son. 
Killed at Fredericksburg— nearest of all hi* division to the 
fatal alone wall— twice brevet ted, after death, for gallantry. 

And it* he speak;, ami Ida voice fuller*, partly from sorrow 
nnd partly from exultation, you are aware that tire outside 
world hn* moved forward twenty-five year*, and left thi* old 
mnn to hi* past, with Its agony and it* pride, ami the atmos- 
phere of a quarter of a century ago broUHng over all. 

Thia la how I first became acquainted with Johnny Wcd- 

tiring tire interim between the Maryland campaign ami 
tho hiittlc of Krislcricksburg the Army of tire Potomac lay 
for h timer almost inert, and the opportunity for mcIhI ialer- 
coiirm!, nl ways considerable in au army of American voluu- 
tours, never roused unimproved 

Many » night tlie officers of our brigade met over soma 
* ins* minx brew to tell stories and exalt the fame of our ro- 
spretive regiments. 

Thesis*' of "own*" were all dmpjo, jovial, rather devil may 
cur© follow*, save ..mi - tlie captain of the cutnpany m which 
I lurid a lieutenancy. 

I know him very (lightly, for be hud beeu recently Iran* 
ferml to «i* from another eorp*. and Ire *eetn«l, moreover. of 
„ reserved and taciturn disposition. Ho would sit for nn 
hour nt a time in almost absolute ftlknoo, answering hy nods, 
or a* brl-rily a* possible, question* or remark* of Ills ci.mpau- 
loni*. 1ft* w »* 11 gvntlemau. ap|reretillyt was kind nnd 
thoughtful in his treatment of the mrn in hi* oinqsiliv. and 
bnd shown binwelf a m>od wdilier— in fact bad greatly dis- 
tiMtllshni himself for lwaTery at AntielanL This was about 
nil t imt n»y one knew of Ciiiunln Weddiirlxun. 

I >n«’ rvenlif In the middle of Oei..1s-r, n* 1 *nl la my teal 
rcndlnxr •* copy of the New Yolk 7V»4«**c— the mail had Just 

arrived- l w«« nstoulshwl to bear Weddcrburn • voice nl the 

door, o-Wiug if ho might enter. 


242 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17*3 


lull lu 1813. bln fuller, In 177ft Way hack, 
w hen my people wen- Scotch. my ancestors 
fought for lb* Solemn League anil Covenant 
at Hnlhwell Brig. So. von ax, when (lie 
rumors and 1 brents of war earn* from tire 
South my blood began to stir, and I didn't 
bridle mv long ire. 1 pledged myrn-lf to 
rab<’ a company in cn*e war rnme. ' I raid I 
would go as n privnle if I eoulil gi> t»t> oilier 
w»y. 1 Inveighed blticrly against all copper- 
heads, and oven loyal men who wonted mere- 
ly to avert l>|i nail-bed until all faotwraldo 
liu-am to ikljiivt mallcn bud Ireeo tried fell 
under Ibe Inn or my OOUpokCD dtaplenaure- 
Oh, I made an aw of myself. nt-vr r fear'" 
mid Johnny, with a abort laugh. " 1 tulked 
too much, at I onee loM you before Well, 
at t Ida time 1 wus — I was"— In- hesitated u 
moment — ’’ I w«* very much interested in — 

K m' vc heard of Irer; die's been in New 
aval* — toile r Morris. Did I nay Interest- 
ed? I may a* well any pluinly 1 Inreel her na 
1 sometime*- think a man !h u f-«d to love a 
woman There another man. nn ac- 
quaintance of mine. Arthur Baufonl, one 
of tlioKi * faultily fiiidtli-ht men. onto. gen- 
tlemanly. handaome, hut Conceited ami k- 1- 
rit-li a* Lucifer . though perhaps I wrong hint 
I dure any I do." 

Wedderburn stopped a moment, and play- 
rd nWntmindcdly with ft bit of stick lie 
bud nicked up. 

•• He was more attractive than I." lie re- 
sumed, "and perhaps lie wns it hcltrr man; 
but be never loved her at 1 did. I laved 
her more than I did mytclf. ami lliat rays a 
great deal. He — lie loved Irer -rfm-a/ na well 
n» Ik- did himself Hut, after all— after all. 
that »uyu the moat.” 

He broke into a bitter laugh, and Hung 
fiercely from him the stick lie had been luiW- 
-i e. 

"Well," ho went on, "Sanford w*a not 
Much of a war man He used la any there 
would be no trouble, there would Ire a com- 
promise. He liiougbl Lincoln a boor, und 
woe glad lie hftdn t voted for him As for 
splinting, he wouhl do ao if there were to be 
a mriou* war; but for a picaic. u raid in Vir- 
ginia corn fields, be was not to lie counted 
in. Ail lliia talk angered me intensely. 1 
never liked him I bitterly resented but in- 
timucy with Esther Morris, though Ileavi-n 
knows 1 liml no claim on her; and tht* add 
ed to my strong feeling on the subject of se 
cession nuil tire WBf. rendered trouble with 
him almost unavoid-iilc. I wus eommtssian- 
«d Ireiitemuit in a regiment which won being 
rni-i'ii in rmr heiglilKirli-nsl. urn! we were 
cape- ting to he ordered to Washington lit 
any moment. Somehow we were slow in 
car equipment — why I don't know— und It 
«M the middle of July, and still tve had not 
gone to the front. I was exceedingly impa- 
tient, fnjt my lumber was very I II,’ and it 
n-i-iiM-d to brighten her up ho when die heard 
w* were not going at one* that [ was In a mea- 
sure gUd of the delay. All the limn. how. 
ever, I kept talking, saying sometime* more 
than I meant, Honu-itiiii-H tilings that meant 
nothing. One night 1 cume into the club 
from drill In one corner of the rending, 
room stood Sanford and several others dial 
ting together. As I entered, they were dis- 
cuM-ing some pro|Mucd douce or other, nud I 
Irenni Sun ford ureollofl lire none of Esther 
Morri- Tire devil in my nature liegan la 
stir, and mechanically, na if following smite 
Impulse 1 could not overcome, I Joined tbr 
group. 

"'Well. Sanford.' said I, I see that there 


then went on with his previous conversation 
• Yea.' 1 remember, be raid— 'ye*. the pavil- 
ion I# too lam f*>r only three pieces ; wo 
must have at Irani two mure.' 

"Once again I broke in It will be an 
exciting lime in Washington, won't it? I 
dare say every Democrat in the Capitol will 
he on ids knees praying for victory for the 
sj-li- that party favors ' 

"There were* several Democrats In the 
group Inside* Sanford, and after a moment 
of surprised alienee following my speech, 
one mid. 'Jack, what'e (he use of insulting 
your friends?' 

" ' He merely wants to talk a lltlle shop.' 
Mid Sanford, coolly ■ He is in his uniform, 
vnu rev. ami can’t help It.' He lurneil his 
hock once more . and returned lu- former talk. 

’ Yea.' he said, ' Charley, two more fiddlca 

:.l I- il-f 

■■ ‘ Nero fiddled while Home wo* burning, ' 
1 observed, slowly, and witli as much mean- 
ing ns possible, 'anti Sanford wants two 
more fiddles at least to play while his court 
try goes to Ibc -levil, ' 

’"lie turned upon lire like n flash. ' Weil- 
•irrhurn,' he ralil. 'I've hail enough of this. 
1 ill-li t waut a quarrel, hut you wouhl pro- 
voke a saint.' 

' Apparently,' I answered, with a sneer, 
•for I aoem to have provoked you.' 

" ills face flush- <1 a fiery red ' What do 
you in Ban f he cried. you. I'll make 

you apaiogige ' lie sprang toward me. Iiut 
the Others held him hack. 

“I was willing and eager to meet hint 
' l-et him go.' 1 said, giving way to all the 
feeling within me * I/.-1 him go. I mean 
he a a hypocrite. I mean he's a coward — yea, 
a coward, That's all l mean ' 

•' Oh. my God! if l could only have seen a 
little abend' Hut 1 was insane that night. 
1 lliink I was. I bone to — I hope so. 

' Well, the Others lot him go Thr insult 
was too grist* for them to attempt to keep 


him from resenting it nn the spot, Tlrey let 
fatal go. and 1 Ml p potted he would lie at my 
thiout at once, llut no. he was too shrewd 
not io «*e whnt a fait* position I was in, ami 
how Id render it doubly false. At Ural he 
stepped toward me; then be paused. 

" ' I m no brawler or bully / be said, hoarse- 
ly ' I'm ft gentleman, and anything you or 
fciirli ns yon may say (aonot' Insult me or 
make any gentleman believe me a coward. ' 

"I should have struck him la-fore he fin- 
ished Speuking, bill they stood in betWMB 
u». and he presently left Hie mom. 

"Two days later Hull Run had come and 
passed, and in our city Democrat* urn] Hc- 
publicmni alike were going to the front. Hue 
of the Hist to apply for a rommUsion ufter 
lire great defeat w as Hanford 

"The story of our quarrel nt tbu club was 
soon all about the tow n, and it was told with 
ft variety of accou n t * , none very fav,, ruble to 
me. ns was only fair. All agreed that San- 
ford had acted tire pan of a true gentleman, 
and by bli prompt action when the war 
showed itself a serious fact hud disproved 
any «uapieion of lock of courage on his part 
either regarding tire war or my insult*. 

" Well, now I am coming to the worst." 
said Wedderburn ; and Ire paured a moment, 
taking a long breath, like a mull about to 
plunge Into cold water. "A week before 
my regiment expected t-> start South the doc- 
tor came to me and said : 

" ‘Johnny, if you go to tbe war it's going 
io kill your mother. She can't lust more 
than ft year at Hi* most, but nbeTI die in n 
week if" you go. She can't aland it. ' 

'“But I'm eulisled, doctor,' I said, 'and 
I've a commission, and must go. Why, 
good I tea Veits! what wouhl people «av und 
think? (Hi. I can't stay borne, You'll find, 
too, that it will hurt her much more to see 
me skulking at home when others are doing 
llreir dulv. Why, *be often said she would 


almost anything in my rage, but after a mo 
men 1 1 controlled myself. 'It's my reward,' 
1 thought; • let it go. ' 

"Anil so things went along. Mr father and 
aider saw bow 1 was suffering, bill before 
mother I kept a smiling face. One evening 
lust spring, ns 1 wa* coming drearily home, 
looking. I suppute. tblu ana pale and gener- 
ally uwsl up. I met, for tire first time in many 
month*. Esther Morris, Could I have avoided 
meeting her I should have done so. but she 
was too near. I didn't think sire would speak 
to me. hut she did, and stooped and gave me 
her lund, and asked me why 1 hail not been 
ii«.wr her in so long a time I raid several 
thing* of a commonplace, rather inniberent 
nature, and turned and walked to lrer guie 
with her. 

"After that the skies seemed to brighten. 
I called soon upon Esther, and her manner 
wassornnlial that I fell die understood how 
I was placed, and I thought in my heart. If 
she docs, tire public may go hang' itself. I 
was too proud to ever hrratlre a word, even 
to my friends, in explanation of my conduct, 
and they lmd finally come to adopt tbepopu 
lar verdict. Often. Indeed, had the doctor 
indignantly denied llut I had done aught hut 
my simplu duty, and bud told tbu truth of 
the matter. 

■' ‘That is ail well enough, what Dr. Ellis 
say*.' would lie lire general criticism: 'bul 
hi* mother is tire last pereon to keep him from 
Ins duty' How glibly |.<> called Sanford a 
coward ' He knows now how that word feels 
In a man's face.' 

"Oh. I had no pity, Jervis. They pitied 
my parent* for having such a child, niut old 
men shook their head* sorrowfully over 
Front is Wedderburn'* poltroon of a »on. 

"Do you know." said Johnny, a* lie 


semi me if I didn't go myself.’ 

"The doctor smiled. They ail sav that 
until it conies to the pinch, and— well. I've 
done my duty. I tell you it'* going to kill 
her as sure as 1 stand here!' 

“Hi* manner wo* *o serious that I could 
not doubt his sincerity. ' If this is true,' I 
said at hud. ' I won't go.' And I went u» 
my room uml passed the bitterest hour of 
my life." Johnny's voice grew bonne with 
BUjiprcsscd feeling. 

*■ I knew whnt It meant." lie went on. “ I 
knew hOW all wi-ulii mj I w*» a brave 
holiday Kihlier. a fine talker, and ail that 
I saw, with the most jviignantlv painful 
clearness, how tire words I keu|w*t on San 
ford* shoulders were going to lie brought 
home to me. I knew h->w will he sto-id 
■with Esther Morris, and I could *en tire 
look which would cross her face when die 
heard Ural Johnny Wedderburn, who had 
cried out hu ]ulnoli*in and tnnrlial valor 
from tile hounr-topa, raid had insulted with 
Iannis of cowardice n batter man than him 
self, wa* showing the white feather — flinch- 
ing from duty mid danger. Women hate 
coward*. They've less charity for cowardice 
than for any oilier failing — much lea* than 
men have." Weddertiuru'* voice had fallen 
again into his old sml monotone, ami Ire was 
looking steadily before him. 

"Well." Ik- re* limed, "when l left my 
room, if you hail said my Irair hail lurneil 
white I should have believed you. 1 went 
into my mother's room. I wanKd it over 
a* soon as ptaaible. 1 found Irer sitting by a 
window in a large invalid * chair. I fra Mid 
over aud kissed her, and sire put her arm 
about my neck and held ray head eluoe to her* 

" ' When doc* lire rtginrent leave, JidinnyF 
she said, with u pitUrelic effort to speak un 
coaccrnod'y. 

" ' It's going without me.' I aaid. • I'm not 
going vet. Time are pleuty besides me, tin- 1 
I won't leave ray dear mother till sire s well 
again.' 

" Wie kUwd me, and dropping he? arm to 
her side, leaned her head back io the chair. 
Her eyes were chwod, but I saw tire tear* 
slipping from under tire lids, and as 1 wasn’t 
cerium of myself, ami didn't want ber lu see 
whnt an effort I w«« making to appear re- 
signed. I started to leave the room Before 
I reached tire door I Ireard ber calling uie. 
I went Imck She took ray lund in Irer two 
little thin ones, and looked at tire ill a way 
III 'tever forget 

" ‘ My boy. - sire said. 


" I visi t say what I did then, only I swore 
I would never leave her. nml I didn't 
"My father's influence got me relieved 
front my plurc in lire regiment, and I staid 
home, It was just a* I knew it wouhl Ire. 

I beunnre speedily a mark for the finger of 
scorn Even iIium- who bad never draught 
uf going bad a hearty contempt for ore u- a 
recreant. I sunpore You see. I had talked 
so milch, been so lirnre. Oh. well, well, ver- 
ily I hud my reward! Day after day. month 
in and out.’ I ured to go to my litth- oilier, 
hsikiue licit In r In the right nor to tire left 
One day. I n-nrember. I slopped to watch a 
regiment which win marching from ouc rail- 
way station to anutlrer. A crowd of young 
lire’ll m-m»| eloK behind me. Presently tin- 
hand "truck up • When Johnny ounttw raareb- 
iog Home': ami soutc one Imck of me wild. 

Johnny hasn't left home yet'; ilieit onotlier 
voire said, 'Hush! ire'll bear you*; and the 
first speaker laughed, and until, ' Never mind; 
he'» hnnnicx-i ‘ 

" I WHe budik- myself; I could buvt done 


II* wus almost brenihlewi with exeitemenl, 
und he paused for si>mc little time 

" Yes." be eoiitluiltd ul leiigtb. " I liwKight 
Esther understood it all. and so I went there 
week after week. The result might have 
been foreseen. I lead olwav* loved her. at 
least It seems so to me, and' when, w ith all 
the world against nre raid a cloud over my 
reputation, she sired ray friend, do you wori- 
iler llint lore intensified? Wc never lireu- 
I fonts l tbe war but iu lire most gvucral terms 
We never spoke of ray permuml tumble-, 
tliougb 1 louged often to do ao. I was nfniid 
shr would think un* making excuse*, aud sbe. 
it seems, was afraid to hurt me-, she didn't 
uink-isutid. after all Sire was only pitying 
me. t list's all. 

• Well, summer eonre nt him. and with It 
the Hiuucvrwsful )reuinsu]nream|siign. After 
Malvern Hill, a niimhor of the ottnrt of 
regiment* from our locality came home on 
leave; among them Arthur Sanford pro- 
moted to eaptniner for bravery at Gleudide. 

“One night, as 1 cam* up tfie walk to lb<- 
Morrix Iiuum-. I saw two prople ua the pnrcli 
iu (he warm July twilight. One was Esther; 
the other, I >aw ’when too near to turn back, 
was Hanfoni. There wus nothing to do but 
go on. so I gained the porch, shook haiuls 
with Ext her, aud turned slowly toward t-iui 
ford He sat a* if pcrfrctlv unraoM-i-mx of 
my i-xixtenee. 1 fell tbe old hate rising lu 
my bran: but mrverlbetcM. m Oral ix mv 
.Judge, bail he spoken to me. or even bowed. 

1 xlkiuld have iiumbly askisl hi* pardon for 
lire words of a y ear ago. but be never looked 
at me. 

" • Don't you know Mr. Wedderliuru. Cap- . 
tain Sanfonl?' Esther raid, with u 1‘rtlo trep- 
idation, for sbe keenly appn-ciuted tbe situ- 
ation. 

• ' He turned bis Ireml nnd looked inolly at 
lire. ‘Oil ye*,' nxiil he. 'I knew biiu as 
Lieutenant Wedderburn We were in the 
sum*- regiment until it started to the front.' 

••There, Jervis, "raid Wedderburn. balling 
hix story a moment; " was 1 not right in in- 
Hiinetlvi.lv hating such a nun a man who 
hit* ano Urer when he's down, wire* insult*, Is- 
fore tile woman he loves, a pisir w retell w itli 
his hand* tied? What do you think I did? 
Nothing! I putt Ire all told by, and sat quietlr 
down. Jervis. I wasn't angry. I wa* al- 
ini happy. I raid to myself ; 'We're quits. 
Arthur Nofanl; iM.-forc God and ray con- 
science we’re quit*. Yes. aivd more Ilian 
quits. You're in the vrrv.nc now.' 

1 • I saw Evtlier wa* quite dl-llrsKd hy what 
bail been said. arid, fool that I was. 1 mix 
took the motive again. Pity may bo akin to 
love, but it ixn'l Jove, all the name. I raid 
good night in a short lime and went borne 

" A few day* Inter, on u quiet Sunday after 
noon, when lire only sound in Ure air was die 
wiuiid of eburrb l*-liv my inotlret’ died A 
fortnight more, ami 1 bad a cnmmissioii as 
Ms-on-l liiut- limit m a r. giim-ut jUU bdng 
fiirrntd tn a little town where mv nnUhcv was 
Iturn. Hot* proud my fatlw-r ami sister were! 
Tire i>ld governor would like lo have gone 
w ith mr, he whs all on fire, and had been, in 
fart, siiree Sumter. Some kind Providence 
h.i-l kept from his eats the goraip about ill* 
cowardly son. ami Ire talked a* freely und eon 
tenledly of my patriotic nature, and how I 
I oel curbed mv warlike impatience for a year 
on account of my mollrer. ax if tire ears tlwt 
Irear-I Itim believed each word 

• Well, before I rtarted I went over (•■ tbe 
MorriH'*riiree again It was nut yet generally 
known llint I was going, and Kuliev, who 
ha-t Ixtesi uwar. Iiad not lieard." 

Wcdik-rlmrn rtnpiwd now quite alaruplly. 

I niw he wax Iremhlmg a* if he Wele oiH. 

I told fatal I wax afnr.il he *» becoming 
(hilled, but he simply shook hi* head. 


“And now. " he raid, presently, "I come 
to ray final mixUke. I never want lo niti* 
another like Ik Well. I never can; I xhMI 
never be in lire same position again." Hi* 
voice w*s quite low amt unsteady. • 1 1 found 
Either atone, and without any delaying 1 
told Irer whnt *he knew. I i-dil ber— But 
never mind , it'x of no con mv |U<- tree what 1 
raid I had made a mistake, Jervis — an an 
ful m iitaks. No miller what ah* tsM me; 

I can't remember all; .only I kuow slie made 
me feel that there wa* a difference between 
comparaUHi and love, kind hearted tnletsti- >u 
and offer lion, and then xhe mid somethlm; 
Ural allowed toe that slie too believed tlui [ 
wa* flinching from danger, and ray foolish 
pride sprang up. and 1 would not say a word 
in mv defence Hit* might have beusved me 
If 1 bad. and she might not. I wouhl not 
even xuy I wa* pn-pwring to go to tire front. 

I did hot even ray guml-by. I look my hat. 
nnd went slowly in the door. 8 he followed 
rn- suing some-ill in g or oilier in her kind 
voice, to comfort rae iN-rhapa. I knew *be 
tn* stuiuling hxiktug after me, nnd half way 
down tire walk I turned and went *w|fi 
lv hack. " You are wrong: you are wrong’ 
God bit** you ! Good bv. 1 " 

Wedderburn st-ippcil, Und sat a long time 
in silence, with hix f»ce turned away. 

' ' You know tbe rest of ray history, " be said 
at last • My first fight wo* Man asm* 1 re 
member still tire queer feeling when 1 went 
In. Why, Jervis. ■' said Johnny, with a billet 
laugh. " 1 had been e-mxidrred a coward so 
long that I didn’t feel sure ntyself It wasn't 
true, and wlu-n tlx: hall* ta-gan to sing aud thn 
men lo drop, raid I didn't want lo rein away. I 
felt a sort of ecstasy. At Aniielam,you know, 
I wa* promoted from second lieutenant to cap 
tain, and— Well, now you know my life." 
lit- was sileul s moment; then ire eiclaiir. 
cd. xiiihh-nlv. putting hix hand into his e-oit 
pocket; "Why. here. I forgot xumething— 
the very thing' that brought nn all this after 
mxin's talk. Stv here ubat enure for lire to- 
day." 

He bunded a letter to me. ami told me to 
read it aloud It wa* dated from bl* native 
city, and ran as follows: 

" Dkau Jistsxr, — You must lei me write 
just n wool lo *sy how it pleased mo to sec 
your iiviii-- nieiiiiuue<l for gallantry at Antir- 
tam. I want you lo know how p'rnud I am 
to have oueli » friend, und I waut to tell you 
whnt I w ixhisi to tell you for a long time, 
that is. how hmve you were all last year, and 
bow wretchedly wc id. misunderstood you 
I wa* wrung, os you raid wlicn you went 
away— nil wrong— and ] ask your forgive 
IH-o. for wliat I amv thought and said, and I 
inn gluil 1 know a rail hero 

■■ Ever sincerely your friend, 

' Ext 1 1 Kit Morris. ’’ 

"Sbe ray* she's mi*laken. Hand me the 
lelt- t , ’ I w«* w tong ' — «be uuderxlund* now 

and ' she s glad *hc know* a teal liero. " 
lie begun to laugh suddenly in a linlf-sob 
lung iiuinar, hut with lire ptewMxi buyi-di 
expression on In* fare which I hail often 
olwerved before. "She call* me a boro, 4«r 


"Oil, tin- devil I am"' raid he. "You keep 
on. raid 1 11 begin »tnki to believe It myaelf , 
then 1 »hall Ix? ufiendumhte. Come, let's go 
along. You see, 1 wanted to tell you all. and 
show yoil that letter, and let you know how 
happy I am - luppicr titan I vc becu for so 
many tmuitlw." 

He nlippnl hix arm tbroiigh mine, and wo 
walked l-ii'kiv back to the ramp 

After Ibis day wit had malty confidential 
talk", raid 1 *»> greatly touched tn see how 
Wedderburn kepi by lain* that little letter 
It was a* preeioux lo him as a hit of |||>- true 
cross to a palmer 

"It's alt 1 have." be once said to me, "and 
it makes me proud ■■( myself to read it. and 
it makes me think tilings might have gone 
differently if nurtake* badu t coure." 



APRIL 4, I«H. 


acfOW pl*ln. and we knew the flower of 
tli* •nay W (Wad an<t dying under the 
thrcnid of tho nruokc along the Open stretch 
bo rood u». 

We knew & similar fate a wailed us. yet 
never a man Wavered. Wedderburu stood 
near me. 

"We’re going in, old man," he said, his 
fare aglow with excitement. " Then.-'* a 
sione nail and a ditch at tbc foot of the bill, 
they tty, bat we can gel over it. At least, 
by lire I /in I ’ wn can try, and at any rate die 
game in the ditch. We are going to die 
game, aren't we. boys?" he said lo Ills men. 
" We've got to die some lime, and now is iui 
good a time ilh any." 

He had hardly i- rosed speaking when the 
order came. V\ ilh a dicer we sprung from 
our shelter ; a brratblOM moment, and we 
were in the midst of the shrieking deuth 
about. Ai toss the Imre plattan. seamed here 
and them with fences, wc hold our course, 
our eves fixed upon the terrible heights nnd 
the fringe of fln along their boar. Men noun 
begin to drop rapidly, at first in two* and 
three*, then In score*; we am charging with 
lived bayonets, not a hauled gnn in the di- 
vision ; W« nru the forlorn bojre. aud we all 
know it 

On. on still, and on. 

Men. the drift from previous charge*, who 
hnvc lingered ill partially protected nooks, 
cheer wildly as wo paw; some spring up and 
join tia 

Still on. The dead and wounded lie strew n 
so thickly up tho slopes we cannot uvnid 
them a* we go. 

Suddenly we come to a great number nf 
men lying on their faces, shielded by a little 
dcprewlon of ibe ground-, men of a former 
charge, loo brave to retreat. unable to ad- 
vance further, holding desperately the posi- 
tion no dearly gained. 

As we pass over and through them, many 
rail on us to stop: not to go on to certain 
nivtl useless death ; to lie dowu by them. 
Some nf tire men alary tlicir words', others 
< iirwe them, aud strike at the uplifted hands 
• Imi M-iee them a* they pax* 

When our company, reduced to almost 
half Its number by the frightful rifle Are. 
reached the prostrate rnea, Wedderhuru, fu- 
rious. ablaze with the fever of battle. sprang 
far » head of his men and culled them oil 

• 1 Lie dowu T“ Ik- shouted " We'll lie down 
back of that stone wall. Como on, hoys: 
only a little way now." 

Suddenly be stopped and stood still as a 
stone. 

•' He's hit,” I thought, aud sprang to bU 
side. 

Hr gripped my shoulder fiercely, and point- 
ed to « limn lying quite near us— lying prone 
on his fuw t>i i -scape tho fire. lying, as hun- 
dreds of other brave men about him lay. 
pressing dose to mother earth. 

" Sanford! ' said Wedderburu, and io n mo- 
ment. with me beside him, he stood above 
the form of his old rue my. 

He lapped him sharply on the shoulder, 
and then | jointed ta-fore him into the thick 
of the moke. " Who In the coward to-day, 
Arthur Sanford ?" be snid. 

Never while I live shall I forget the look 
an the face of either ranu. The- wild joy, 
the sudden triumph, on Wedderburu 'a coun- 
tenance as Imi one* more leaped forward . the 
hopeless wrath, the desjrernle determination, 
of the other m he rose, almost mechanically, 
and followed. 

At this moment a bullet struck me In the 
knee, and I lay for a few momenta in a half- 
fainting slate. 

When I sot up I saw that tnen were still 
rushing forward. The smoke had drifted 
dowdy nlmut, and I could ace no sign of 
WedJerhnra or Sanford Thun came an- 
other fearful volley at frightfully rime range 
fwe were very near the wall, I afterward 
learned (. and tnen another, and preneuily the 
wreck of the division tame through the 
smoke, retiring slowly past me toward the 
rear. 

1 scanned the faces of the men who passed 
Some of them were almost weeping in their 
agony of fruitless devotion, some were curs- 
ing. aod many of them kept turning Uicir 
fares defiantly toward the fstal wall, whence 
the rifle- ball* Mill flew unabated; 

Suddenly I uw Sanford going by slowly. 
He was holding one arm tightly, u if ii> 
stanch a wound. I called to him, but my 
voice wax os nothing in the uproar. 

•• He Ih safe,'' I said, latterly. •• hut Johnny 
— poor Johnny!" Ami 1 began presently lo 
crawl slowly ami painfully back acre** the 
plain. 

After a hard struggle and many half faint- 
ing pauses I ranched a little hollow sumo dis- 
tance lo the rear. It wm sheltered, in a 
measure, from the enemy's tire, and there, 
carried thither doubt lew by some of his 
company, lying among a aeon- of wounded 
men, his eyes closed, and an ugly hole in his 
side still blooding, lay Johnny tV'wUlerburn. 

I crept to his side. " Johnny," I said. 

He opened bl» eytu. " Wliy. Jorvi*. arc 
you hurt!" 

"Not much." I a new end; "but you are, 
my dear, dear old hoy " 

"Yea,” he mid; and then ho added, with 
Jast a faint shadow of Ms old Uiylsli smile, 
" I got aetuar that wall than .**anfi>rd. ' 

Suddenly his face changed. and he grasped 
at my olerve. "Tell me,” be whispered, 
-■ wn» he killed?” 

"No, no." I stud; "only scratched; I just 
saw him. " 


HARPER'S 


“You saw him ? Thank God! Where was 
be?" 

“ Retreating. 1 

Johnny gave a little contented laugh. " I 
didn't retreat," he said; "they carried mo 
off. Slop," he said, abruptly, a* I busied my- 
self In an attempt to slouch the blood from 
hi* wound; " there is no use. stop that anil 
listen to me. Slop, I say— I'm your superior 
officer — stop and listen. 

He was so carneti t that I panted. 

“ Reach in my breast pocket and give roc 
that letter. ' 

I did os he directed. 

"Open it." 

I opened it. 

•' Sow let dm have li “ 

He took it in his shaking hand and looked 
at It a moment; then he pressed it to his li|» 
"She callrd me a hero,” be said, half to him - 
•elf. " When today '* bows get* home she'll 
say so again, and that die was wrong. " Hu 
shut hi* eyes, and tbc letter fluttered from 
bis hand. 

Presently he looked up once more. “ Jer- 
vis," he Mid. "you must take me home, aud 
tell them I died like a Wedderlwrn. They 
will l» pretty proud at home, and tell them 
I want Chopin's march played when they 
bury me." 

"Don't talk that way. old follow.” 1 add. 
choking with tears lhal I Could not bold 
buck. • We ll bring you around. ” 

"I know belter," be said, quickly; “I’m 
dying now. 1 want Chopin played. You 
know that march la-gins so grandly, then 
then! b a lot of pathetic lliusle. then It ends 
grandly, I began well. I had my (rouble*, 
and I end well. Yea, God kiioas. I die s* 
I would want to die Where * my letter?" 
He look it feebly from me ns I held it out 
to hint, and kissed it again " 8li« aay* aim 
was wrong," be murniured, "and if lliose 
mistakes ImdnT roine, who knows—” 

HU head suddenly dropped forward, hi* 
lips movsd a moment convulsively, and hu 
was dead. 

I took him home lo the and old linuse. aod 
when (he ImmkI at hi* funeral played Chopin * 
march. I thought again and again of what Ire 
said. Hr* life began well, hud its troubles, 
and ended well. 

Yes. I said, and I «av now, that the girl 
waa right; he wo* a hero. 

I afterword learned that she married Ar- 
thur Sanford. 

BIG FISHING. 

UT JFI.IAX RALPH. 

Jl'ot bow I he re nre la-ginning to he more 
fish upon the laud in the Nepigon country 
limn one would mippaae could find life in I hr 
wulera Moat families have laid lu thdr full 
winter supply, tbc main exceptions being 
those aenit savage fauiilk-s which leave their 
fish out— in preference lo laying them in — 
upon racks whereon they nre to he wen in 
rows and by the thousands. 

Nepigon, Ibe old Hudson Hay past which 
Is tlio outlining place for tills region, is STS'* 
mile* west of Montreal, on the Oaaadinu IV 
elite Railway, aud on an arm of Laku Supe- 
rior, The Nepigon River, which connects 
the greatest of lakes with Luka Neplguu. is 
the only roadway in all tlutt country, sod 
therefore it* mouth, in an mm of the gnat 
lake, to the front door to lliat wonderful re- 
gion. In travelling through Hrilidi Colum. 
bin I found one district that is going lo prove 
of greater iniero»t to gentlemen sportsmen 
with the rod. hut I know of no greater fish 
ing country thun the Nepigon No single 
waterway or system of navigable inland wa- 
ters in North America is likely to wrest i In- 
palm from this Nepigon district as the haunt 
of fi*b In the greatest plenty, unless we term 
I In: sal mini ii fredi-watcr nab, and thus roll 
the Fraser, Columbia, and Skt-eua river* into 
the rivalry, There «* in err rant fishing in 
thin wilderacas north of Lake Superior from 
New-Year’s Day. when the ice bn* to be cut 
to get at the water, oil through the succeed- 
ing BeasuDB. uuill again the Ire falls lo protect 
the game. Ami I here i* every sort of fishing 
between ihat which engage* a navy nf sailing 
vessels and men. down through nil the meth- 
ods of fish uking— by Beta, by apearing. tail] 
fl-hlng. and fly tHhing. A half a dozen son* 
of finny game kiicrumh to these method*, 
aud thniigli I lie region him been famuli* and 
therefore much visited for nearly a dozen 
years, the field is so extensive, vi well (dock- 
ed. and Bodlfficult of imww except to perrons 
of menu*, that even lo dnv alumni llie verv 
large-t known specimens of each class of fixii 
are to be bnd then-. 

If wo could put on whies early lu October, 
and could fly down from James'* Ray over the 
dense foresis uud counties* lake* and "(roams 
of western Ontario, wc would see now and 
then an Indian or (miller lu a canoe, here- and 
there a lonely huddle of *tnall hour** forming 
a Hudson flay post, and at even greater dis- 
tances u pan. small butrebaa of thu birch bark 
tepees of pitiful little Crvc or Ojibawav 
lar.iU Hut with (he first glance at the nu 
jestie expanse of I /ike Superior there would 
hurst upon the view lemi upon arxirea of 
while util* upon the water, and near by, upon 
the shore, n tent for nearly every sail. That 
U the time for the annual gathering for catch 
ing the lag, chunky, red fleshed fii.li they call 
the salmon trout. They catch there that 
weigh from a dozen to twenty live or thirty 
pounds, and at this time of the year Ibetr 
flesh is comparatively hard. 


WEEKLY- 

- Engaged in making thi* great catch are the 
boats of the Indians from far up llie Nepigon 
and the neighboring stream-., of the chance 
white tnen of the region, who depend upon 
nature for their sustenance; aud of Fiona. 
Norwegians, Swede*. and others wlio come 
from the United Suites side, or son t Item 
shore, to fish for their home markets. TIm-sc 
fish come at this season to xpaw u, see king the 
reefs, which are plentiful off the short In ibU 
part Of the lake. GUI nel* Bit Used lo exteh 
them, and are ret within five fathom* of the 
surface bv setting llie inner liuoy in water of 
that depth, and then in) lug lire net out into 
deeper water and anchoring il The run and 
the Hilling DMltaDD throughout October. 
An a rule, among tire Canadian* uud Cauatla 
Indians u family goes with each bind the 
Immu living n]oo)m of lwrul.tr reven to thirty 
feet in length, and capable of earn ing fifteen 
pork barrel*, which are ui (lie outset 111 led 
with rock-salt. Sometime* lire bcoiis of two 
fitinilieN are partners In tire ownership of one 
of lhe»e *h«>|w, hut, however tint' may lie. 
the ctiHtom I* for llie women uud children lo 
ramp in tent* along shore, while lln- uicti (tieu 
ally two men uud n ho_v for each boat) work 
the net*. It is a stormy season of the ymr. 
and (lie work i* rough and liaxardou* espe- 
cially for tire iH-i-.w hii. il an- frequently lust. 

Whenever a haul i* made, lire lUh an- *plit 
down tire latck uud desireil Then they are 
washed, rulh-d in *alt. and imcked in tie- bar- 
rel*. Three day* Inter. when lire liodie* of the 
fish have thoroughly purge* I Uremrelvev.Uiey 
lire Inken out. umlnil ugniu uinl are nai'e 
more rulh-d in fn.-*li salt wild put back hi the 
Imrrel*. which are then filled to the top with 
wider. The Indian* subsist all w inter upon 
this October catch, and, in addition, rontiogi- 
to exchange a few leirrel* for oilier provi- 
sions and for clothing. They demand an 
equivalent of six dollar* a laurel in whatever 
they get in exchange, but do not sell for 
money, because, a* 1 understand it. llrey are 
not obliged to pay the proviireial liccnre fee 
a* fishermen, and, therefore, may not fish for 
■ In- market. Even aportsureii who throw a 
llj for one day in the Nepigon country mini 
pay the government fur ll.e privilege The 
liMliaikt told me that eight barrel* of these 
Hill will lu.it n family uf six persons an enlire 
win icr . Such a daiaottMnuoo of prudent*- 
iitnl fnrelboughl a* llii* nf a monlli * fishing 
at tire threshold of wilder amount* lu i* a 
nre one for iui Indian to make, and I mi 
iLgine there is n iirullg ailmixitire of while 
blood in most of those who make It. The 
full blutals will not lake lire trouble They 
trust tn their gun* ami ilreir iMpsiigwiust the 
coming of that wolf which llrey art- nut un- 
used to facing 

Up along tire shore* of Lake Xi-pigoti. 
which is thirty mile* by uu air line uurlh of 
I/»ke Sopeiiur many of the Indian* Uy up 
white fish for winter. They catch them in 
nel* uud cure them by frost They do not 
L'leiLU lliem. Tin y limply make a hole ill the 
tail end of each 9l»|i, ami smug them, a* if 
they were brad*, upon slick*, which thcr Mi 
up Into racks. They* usually hang the ilibcs 
in rows of leu. and frequently store up thou 
sands while llrey are at it. The Rev. Mr. 
ItcnUnu, who hu* hiul much In do with la t 
terinr thu coudiliou of ihtsc lndiiui*,lold me 
that Ire find caught |trj» pmiml- of white 
full in two night* with two gill net* in !*»kr 
Nepigon. It la uniiL-ctasary tu add that he 
cleaned lii*. 

Lake Nepigon U about Hevepljr miles in 
k-ngtli.aiui two-Uiirdsaa long.nt the |Ktioik uf 
Its greatest meusuretneui.aml is u picturesque 
laxly of wateMurroumlod by foraaU and dot 
ted with Ulaudx It is a faumux huunt for 
trout. ami tlreac fl*ln'inicn who are lucky may 
at limra w-c scores uf great Ixautic* lying 
upon the holloa i; or, with a good guide aud 
ut tire right mcomiu, may Ire taken to placet 
where the Water i* fairly o*lir with them. 
FMwnmn who arc not lucky may get their 
emlomxry experience willioiit truvelling so 
far. for the route is by canal, on tup of nearly 
a thousand mile* of railroading, and one 
mode of liMXimoilou cuaaumea neatly as much 
lime as the other, despite the difference be- 
tween the rc*|>ectlve dislaoeua travelled. 
The apockhtd trout in tire lake are locally 
r«|Kirt«d to weigh from three to uiire pound*, 
but the average stranger will lift In more of 
three pounds* weight Ilian be will of nine. 
Yet whatever they average, lire catching of 
them is prime *|Kirt as you flout upon the 
water In yuiir pii-Um-Kiue birch hark canoe, 
with your guulr pad.llin • you ireiw b-x-ly 
along, am! your spoon or nrtifiriiil minnow 
rippling through the water or glinting in lire 
sunlight. You need a *luni hnit rod . for the 
gluttonous fidi are enure, and make a good 
fight every lime. Toe local fishermen catch 
tire -qn-ckfed beauties with ati unpoetio lump 
of pnrk. 

A lively French Canadiuu whom 1 met on 
the care on my way In Nepigon dweribud 
that region na ' de nuw' tareeblc plate fur de 
flah in all over dr worT " And he added an- 
olher remark which hail al least lire- same 
amount of truth at the bottom of It Said lie 
" Yon wed find dm dose Mees Nancy feesh- 
ermuiH from dcr Unite Suui, v filch got disa- 
-fiiindenl-doll.tr ]x-le» and diwc leclfi liiimliug 
flietcvliicli dry t row arouiul sod pull 'em hack 
ng.iin. like dey waa nfntid wiore fmah would 
late iL Dal is all one grand stupeedity. 
!»>>*«' mao vhirh Irelung dcre put uu de hook 
some tinrk. and catch one Inrccblr pile of 

fish Dev don’t give a about style, only 

to catch (loan fresh. " 

To Ire sure, every ll-ln rmaa who prides 
hiiuH-lf on the dinuiiec he caa east, and who 


24E 


owns a aplendld outfit, will dcspl**' the spu i 
of timt French Canadian's speech; yet up h 
(hat country many a wrentitlc angler ha* en 
(lured a failure uf "hit**" for a long utu 
weary lime, while Ilia guide wo* hauling it 
fish a-plenty, and baa OtMIM to qitotlui 
*' aclence ” for llie noucc. ami follow- I hi- Iiul 
ian cUHloro. For gray Irnut <tlre namuycU'b 
or lake i rout i they bait with apparently any 
thing odlhlc that IS handiest, preferring pork 
rabbit, partridge, the meat of the trout Itself 
«r of the sucker, and the last they take first 
if piMxihlc. Tire sucker*, by-tbo-way, are n) 
loo plenty, and as full of honev a* any old- 
time, frigate ever was wills timber*. You 
may see the lodiau* eating them and discard 
Ing' tire Irene* at the same lime: ami tlre-y 
make the j-rixvws resemble the action of n 
hay cutter when the gnu* i* going in long at 
one side, and coming' out short, bill in equal 
quantities, al (lie other. 

Tire naniaycudi of Nepigon weigh from 
nine to twenty five pounds. The muix-cn 
lake n big hook uinl lidt it. and then tun lire 
poinl into a piece of ihiny. newly seraptsl 
liwd Tlwy never “ piny ' tlicir bites, but 
give them n tight line and steady pull. These 
n*li make a game -truggfi-. leaping mid div- 
ing and tliriiNhing the water nut il tire gaff 
end* I fie struggle, lu winter then- i* a* good 
spoil with lire namnvciidi, nml it is managed 
peculiarly. The India incut Into tire recover 
(loop wmcr. making hole* at haul eighteen 
IucIm-* in diameter. Aerore llie hole they lay 
u -tick. m> that when they pull up a troui lire 
line will mu along the nick, and lire fish will 
lot that obsl ruction instead of the resistant 
ice, If a fl*li struck tire Ice Ibe chances are 
nine to one that il would tear off tire bonk 
Having bulled it hook with purk. and stuck 
the i liBloraary bit of lead upon H.tbey sound 
for bmiom. aod then measure the Hue so that 
it will reiu-li to sImmiI a fisit nnd a half ulsive 
Sound iuir>. Unit is lo nay. off Isrllimi Then 
llrey ts-L’in n*lting, and their plan I* tit is tfi« 
aanie all over the Cunndiau wild' rues*! lo 
keep p-tkmg tire HireupwlUi a single, quick, 
suddeci bob at frcsprenl inlcrruis. 

Tire Bpimg >• tire time to catch tire big 
Ni*|Mgu(i jack llih, or pike. They haunt tire 
graoMt place* Ire little hugs and covet, and aie 
enugnt by trolling. A jiu-k tUh U wliat we 
call a pike, and John Watt, llie famous gukle 
in that country, tell* of those ft*h of such size 
that when a mini nf ordinary height held the 
tail "i na* up lo fit* Bhmtldar.tlM head of the 
flail dragged ou lire ground He must lie rc 
•puttwhle for the farther M*evtlon that hi 
saw uu Imliau Hquaw drag a net, with meshes 
aeven Itn lic- squnre, mid cateh two juck fi/h, 
each of wliicliwcietmi more than fifty pound* 
wired clmiresL The Mur\ another local hi* 
torian told of a surveyor who caught a big 
Jack fish that felt like a Mink- ^ and 
cold only he dragged until it* bet- ‘ • 
i he surface, when Ire *lw>l it anil it brnki 
away— that narrative 1 will leave for the next 
New-Yorker wlw> grew to Nepigon. And yet 
It mi ni* to me dial such Biotic* di*tingui.ih 
u fishing rcMirt quite as much a* the fi*t< 
actually rnugld there. Men w ould nut d*r>- 
tn romance like that at many place* I have 
fiilidl in, where the trout nre scheduled and 
bumlo-H*l. and where you have got to go to 
a certain nick ou a fixed day of the month 
to enieli one. 

The Indian* an; very ch-rer at spearing 
the jock-fish. At night they use a hark lurch, 
ami sUughter the big fish with cnaipaiallvc 
ease; but Ilreir great skill with the spear is 
shown In the daytime, when tire pike are 
suuniug (ficinK-lvc* in the grass and weed* 
along shore. But when 1 made my trip up 
the river. I saw them using so many ni-U a* 
to threaten lire curly reduction of the stream 
to lire plane of lire ordinary renort, Tho 
water wui so clear that we could piddle be- 
side the net* and see each one * catch— hero 
a half dozen suckers, there a jack lull, and 
next a couple of beautiful trout, Finding a 
wpiaw unending lo her net. we Iwiuglit (he 
trout from U-r Indore wo luid oaai h litre. 
Tire hnlnt of buying fidt umler such dlCHIB- 
stancea U-corac* aecotid a aluro to a New 
Yarltav. Wc arc n ]o-culiar |>cople, Our 
ndrertmu are modest away from tire city, 
hut at home they assume the confident tour- 
w nidi cutties of knowiug the Way lo Kulleu 
fisli- marital 

The Ni-jugon River is a trmit's tvsnidise, it 
I* so full of mold* and *auHs. It is not at 
all n folly to fixli there wit** a fly rod There 
nre record* nf very large trout at tire Hudson 
Bay fKist; Imt you may actually catch four- 
pound truut yourself, mid vrbnt you calc*, 
yourwelf kchm to ore Utter Hum any one 
. else’* records. I have sitokru of ( he Nepigon 
River mt a roadway. It is rare of the great 
trading trail* lo on>l from tire far North. At 
the mouth of tire river, opposite the Hudson 
Bay port, you will w » wreck of one of it* 
nobleat vehicle* — iui old York lumt. each na 
carry lire furs and tho supplk-* lu and fro 
1 fancy thnt Wolselcy used priclselv such 
bouiB to Ihasl Id* moil up to Winnipeg in 
IKJO. Farther along, before you roach thu 
first portage, you will Ire apt to *ee several 
of the sloop* uwd hy tire native* for the Lakn 
Bilperira flibiug. They are distinguished 
for their ugliness < aparity.and Btrv-ugth: but 
the last two qiinlilic* are what they arc built 
to obtain. Of courw Hie pretUrst vehicle* 
lire tire ciuioes. As Ure hark and tire labor 
an- easily ofitaimihic. these pictures>|ire vrs- 
scls art- very mimerous, hut adiauge h cran- 
ing over their shape, nnd the hiNtorir OJih'i- 
way canoe, in which Hiawatha i* suppored 
lu have Nviled into eternity, will souo tic a 
thing found only in pictures. 


244 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., SO. 17W. 





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Digitized by feo^h 


TUJC CITY OF 8T. JOHN'S. NEWFOUNDLAND— TIIE COLONY WniCTI IS QUESTIONING THE IMPERIAL POWER-Diuira bt Cnuiuu Qiuiiam.-[8kr Paob 850 1 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 



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24G 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 17*9. 


THE HEADS OF THE GREAT 
STEAMSHIP LINES. 


CLEMENT A. ORISCON 

While politician" and tire pres* have hern 
lamenting it. unison Ike decay of America' a 
prestige on 111** liigli *«S. ft ‘mall group of 
enterprising and mgaciuu* burineaa men in 
FhiUiiklphla have for nearly twenty yearn 
been working steadily for tin- reratahlish- 
nnent of that prestige, nmi have ai'unmpl blu'd 
much. Wbnt they might have done had lire 
law* been different, theorists may txpiatn. 
each for bimaelf. What tlrey have actually 
accomplished ia matter for Mime nutiunal 
prill*' at least. 

Of these men Clement Aetna Griacom ia 
th*' acknowledged leader. ami in hi* capacity 
of pr*«Mk>nt of the International Navigation 
Company he control* interest* greater tliau 
can lie readily uudorriood by one who him 
not studied the hukineM of "going down to 
the »ea in »hip«." 

Mr. Griecnm it* one of the comparatively 
few Americans wlitatc an* valor* for over two 
hundred year** have been Americana of prom- 
inence. Andrew Griaoota, the founder of the 
family, came to this nninlrr from England 
to nasist William Peon in founding hi* col- 
ony, and was one of Ibe lending citizen* of 
the province— a di-tlnetiun tbst ha* belonged 
to hi* annxaann in the direct line ever aince. 
Ou hi* inolher'a ride.Hr. Griacom ia descend- 
ed from Thotnaa I.ioyd. who waa Dtpuly- 
Goverooc nud l “resident of the Council of 
the Province of Pennaylvanla from HW4 to 
160:1 Hi* mother wa* the daughter of Clem- 
ent Acton, Ew|., of Salem. New Jersey. 

The subject of thi* -kctcli was bunt and 
educated in Philadelphia, but left ncliool at 
the early age of sixteen to begin tin- buritresit 
career in which he ha* won Imtlt fortune and 
distinction. HI* buriiuua iuatincit, however, 
wrre keen anil thorough enough to make 
bint Ktudiou*, and few men on earth are rve- 
oguixad today a* helttf authority limn be 
mi the subjected naval architecture. to which 
hi* biuum.-** and hi* tv-tv* alike inclined him. 

Securing a place in tlie counting-house of 
Peter Wright A Son*. y**ung Griacom pro- 
gressed mi rapidly from the time nf hi* drat 
(Hurt that io 18881 m wa» admitted to partner- 
*hip in the firm, although he was then only 
twrnty-two yean* old. Moreover, the part- 
nership wu by n*> means « nominal one. f**r 
the young man had a well luiUnecd and well- 
■tor id mind, and rapidly Mutinied charge of 
one interval after another, until he mob eon- 
trolled the shipping biwltrestt of the rtriu, the 
bouae lieing among tiw leading «bip["i> *.f 
I lie country It whs not many years before 
it wa* widely known that hi* wu* one of tho 
master mind* lit the buriBCre. and to hi* |ier- 
*nn*i enlerpri**- wa* largely due the asaocia- 
tion of capitalinla that iu' 1871 formed the 
International Navigation Cum puny The 

company wan chartered under Pennsylvania 
law*. atid its director* wero nil prominent 
Philadelphians. Mr Janice A. Wright Waa 
chosen president. Mr. Grbcom v ice presi- 
dent, nnd the lirni of IVtc-r Wright A Son* 
•elected for general agrnta of ilie rotnnatyr— 
a position which they still retain. Mr Wright 
retttv«l from the board in IfiMLaod Mr Grit*- 
com waa elected president in lu« place. tho 
office of vice president being then abolished 
by tlie director* 

The beginning of the company waa com- 
paratively modest, though capital enough 
wu* within it* reach to have dime greater 
thing*. Its growth, however, has been steady, 
and today it i* practically the owner, while 
Mr. Griacom is actually the controlling direc- 
tor. of three transatlantic Hot*, on which 
are operated twenty-two iron and »leel nteiuu- 
*hi|«. Not only have the operation* of there 
ships hern prod table, but the manner in which 
the rompany bn* attained tlie poniliun of par 
ent organization to these three other* lets 
shown an unusual degree of linuucinl ability, 
a Urge part of which ia credited to Mr. Grla- 
com by his aaaneiatnx. 

Ill 1M*| the Inleraaiioual ('omjKiiiy bought 
from the Pennsylvania Railroad Company tho 
latter’s Heel of four steam ship**— tin- An»- 
tylnnia. the Ukiu, the Mf*tM, nnd the /Mi- 
a * mc To thi* list hu* since born addtri Ibe 
Conemavoft. The live vessel* t -"institute the 
Amerieun Line, which is the only trantatlan- 
lie line tfring the Amethwn flag, und they 
ply between Philadelphia. (^ueeMUnrn, anil 
Liverpool. 

A greater triumph than this wo* die gain 
ing of lire oontrol ami practical ownership of 
the Innmti Line. "Tire old Inman Com- 
pany, 'if England"— ao Mid the London Timr* 
in 1887— ” hail for many year* held a promi- 
nent place in the Atlantic trade. I*ut rwmtly 
.... it liecafiie nerewary that lire * •*in|vuiy, 
if Urey wished U* nuilniaiu their old reputa- 
tion, should lay down Mime new ships able 
to compute mi equal terms with the Im -u ships 
now running." Th« “ Thunderer" then ul- 
luded to the Umbria nnd Ktmiia He the two 
fasti-si liner* on tlie Allnnllc. and describrd 
the llVjf »/ .Vie fork and thr CVjr «f I\trit 
at great length, those two veaaeb luting thin 
nearly flitislied, but not yet launched. It 
was hot to be expected, however thnt tho 
great English newspaper should give credit 
to American capital for their liuilding, or to 
Ameriiwn wiener for their completeness. 

Yet it might have done lxitb. The Inman 
Company had been reorganized, und Iran- 
formed into thr Inmiui und lnlernuiloiial 
Company — the International Company of 
Pliil.oMphia becoming the principal stock 
bolder, and the larger portion of the remain- 


der of Ms capital stock tu'ing owned by prom 
inent New York and 1‘hilti.lelnhta i-ii|«itiil 
Ut»— awl the Veatels were built lintler the 
personal direction anil in cnnfuimity with 
all the idea* of Mr Grueam, though, for 
economical and other r*w9ou*.they were act- 
ually <(>ustrin led on the Clyde. The couv- 
puity reorganisat Ion waa effected nlioul four 
rears ugo. and since then the British stock- 
holders bare had two repwreMatlm in the 
luuirtl of dirertora. while tho Americans have 
Ave. The six vessels of the line — the 
firrlin. CVfJfu/CWorjw, City uf Cktiltr, City of 
UichmoHti, City of X'v Tori', nnd Citytf Ihtrk 
—sail uiulcr the Brltlah flag, it is true. Iie- 
tween New York. QttmtkMowo. anil Liver- 
pool. hut they nfe in one sense Amcrirwn 
ships, lieing owned nnd managed on this side, 
and the l:i-t two emlxidying the higbeat 
prineipkw of American wienoe. 

Tbe oilier of the tliree line** now controlled 
by the company of which Mr. Griseoro ia 
president is the Red Star Line, uf Antwerp. 
Ou this line are eleven steamers, sailing be- 
tween New York. 1‘liiladclphia, and Ant- 
werp, under tin* Belgian color* The cnphal 
%I*u-k of this foreign corporation is nearly 
all held by the International Company 

Mr. Griacom is still on the sunny side of 
flftv, nod. on his picture denotes, is n man of 
unusually fine pnyskliK.'. Although lie has 
many busims** cares. Icing prominent in tltc 
inniiugemcnt of many great corporations, he 
devotes much time to the tnaiiiteiutirt- of a 
fine country place near Haverfonl, Tcnnsyl- 
sania, fimhng red ami recreation iu country 
life for a conslderabk* |>ortirm of the rear. 
He fa* a director in the Bank **f North Amer- 
ica and in several other of the leading ffniin- 
cial InstitutiotMof Phlladelphin. in the l*Win 
sylvanin Railroad Company, ami the Insur- 
ance Company of North America. He hna 
lawn president of the National Transit Com 
jMiny since lie helped to organize it. He 
takes v pri»minc»t pari In the municipal »f 
fair* of llu! tjuakrr City, nnd lie is u inemlivr 
*>f half n dozen of the leading cluha of Phil- 
oalclpliia aod New York. 

Mt Oriaount m&rrUd a daughter of Wil- 
liam C Iliddle, Ew|., of I'hiladclplua, nnd bn* 
five children. 

VERNON H. BROWN. 

Mr Vernon II Brown, tlie Ameriiwn agent 
of the Cuuard Line of atoamera. was horn 
in Bouton, and began hi* btisiiMw* canter 
there about ItHU. in the couDtiDg hostau of 
M essr* SnmptwMi A Tnppan Thi* firm was 
engageil in the India, China, nmi Pacific 
trade aod owned a large fleet of ahliw. among 
which were the famous elipiu-rs luitiaiuau, 
S >.u, U‘K rty> ug FM. and 

HVnjrrd Norrr — all of there vessels fanultar 
to merchant* in early California days. 

Winn of age Mr. Brown was taken into 
portiu rahip by hi* father, and the Arm of Ycr 
non Brown >V Son, ship brokers, was fouiMi- 
ed. which h'lUte lost mahing of that prestige 
nnd popularity which hail mi lung l*cen cii- 
Joynl by the senior. About IR»H Mr Brown 
i-uu»e to' New York, and established the ship- 
ping und brokerage house of Vernon II. 
Brown A Co. Tin- firm at oiks* MaoitMid » 
lead in c position, and lias earned and muin- 
taineii ever since the highest reputation for 
integrity and ability. 

In lfkMi Mr Brown was offend ansi ac- 
cepted the agency nf the Cnuurd Ntenm- 
»hlp Company, Ibis line being the oldest nnd 
among tlie most suctswsful of IbOM engaip.d 
In the trade between Europe ami Amrrira. 
The history of this company extend* hack 
for a full half century. The Iirihinniii. tin- 
first ritip of the ( tinard Line, sailed ftum 
Liverpool July 4, 1K40. rui Halifax, for Bo* 
ton. nuking Ihe (uswigv in fourteen day*. 

H-**m after Mr Brown's appointment a» 
agent the Canard Company liecame satisfied 
that the trad* demanded "hip** of greater size, 
power, ami speed, and in due time added to 
Uidr fleet the tkrria. .-tvr»M**i. Cmbritr, ami 
Etruria Tbew vessel* wore fitted with all 
imulern improvement* for comfort and s peril. 
Distinguished a* «* tho Cuntthl Line for prac- 
tical idea* nnd for enre in it* statement*, it 
kxiks w if two more *»I|k rh ships of gmil size 
aud incri'Hsed »prt*«l tiro to t*c added to the 
fleet, and hoties are entertained of erntuiug 
the Atlantic In five daya. 

Iu aihlilion to hi* tnnnagement of the Cu- 
nard Line. Mr Brown n* director and trustee 
of vn lions financial institution*, among w hich 
may lie named the Atlantic Mutual Insurance 
Company and the Seaman'" Savings Bank. 
A* one **f tlx oldest Rimtlrra of the New 
York Prodttre Exchange, lie has servesl for 
several year* on it* arbitration committee. 

In IKs-1 Mr. Bmwn was np|xiinlrd by May 
or Grace one **f tlie oommMuru t* intrusted 
with the building of she new " Washington 
Bridge "ucTosstb. Ilitrlem River, connecting 
WcBlchcster with Washington Heights, atwl 
this great structure fa* pronounced by prom 
inent engiu*<era Io be one of the bari(l**iiMl*t 
bridge* in the world. 

Imlmrd with n proper pride for the city of 
hi* adoption, it Ira* been Mr, Brown's goo* I 
fortune to witness I Im* great Mtridr* New \ork 
!*-*• made— advances due in uu sttiull ntniMire 
to hi* own exertions. 

Ear from being iinmrr**r>l in husines" cares 
to tie * xehl»l«*n of oilier Inlerrels. Mr Brown, 
like many other preoccupied men, find* tiin*’ 
to devote to social muiii-c- Tltc ntaMeiy **f 
detail gniiMs) in III* early businc** life prob- 
ably wtm him to thi* end, for Ire 1* DOW 
hurried amt is cut»|riciiou-lv deliberate, in 
•pile of the great amount of Luslnes* he hu* 
constantly on htuid. He U a member of Uw 


l nkm Club, and a member and one of the 
governors of the New York Club, and hU 
rate social qualities ijiuke him a personal fa- 
vorite among hi* brother members. In pol- 
itics lie i* n Republican, though he i* never 
conspicuous to party work, nnd does not con- 
rider P«ty Hum in voting for Irani candi- 
date* He married in New York city, where 
1m* ha* mode hi* home ever since starling in 
business here, and has a family of six chil- 
dren. Despite hi* years, Mr. Brown preserve* 
a singularly youthful appearance, and I* con- 
spicuous for Ills suavity ami agreeable mnn- 
ncre. 

CARL ttCllt'RE 

Tlwre are few men of tire nineteenth cen- 
tury whore ranter has hceo more remarkable 
than that of Carl Schurz., the n-skU-nt direc- 
tor of the Hamburg American I’acket Com- 
pony. Distinguished from the time wlien 
bn wa* a factor in the Euro|*ean revolution 
of IKiB to when he catered the cabinet of the 
President uf the United Slate* a* Secretary 
of tlie Interior, there were few who would 
have mentioned him a* likely to lie selected 
liy a great trstraatlantic steam ship company 
as lit resident nianagrr id America. Tin' tal- 
ent*. however, whli lt have given him emi- 
nence a* an orator, a aolilicr. on editor, and 
a Malestnan are now employed, as so much of 
the talent in tire world i* employed, in cuio- 
merclul pursuits. 

Mr Schurz, although w» ooc would sup- 
pore mj to see him. is threescore year* okl, 
having lawn born in Pruralt In 1829 He 
was educated nt t'ologtre arid Bonn and be- 
fore hi* two Micth vent waa prominent among 
Ibotte advocating freedom of tlmughl in Ger- 
many. ||e waa asooeinted with Gottfried 
Ktnkel in conducting a liberal nrw*pu|i*-r. 
tltc uiiemncw* of which were r.*> diniisteful 
to tho autlnwiti*-* that the proprietor* of tire 
journal were at length obliged to Ike the 
country. The young liberal joined the army 
of insurrectionists il« an ndjulanl, and after 
being engagad in tho defence **f Rastadt. fled 
to Hu'ilxrrlntiil oil it* surrenili'r Hb old as- 
sociate. Kinkel. wa* not *o fortunnte. but » *« 
mude a prisoner, und Srhunr. relumed within 
a year to plot succomfolljr for bis wenpe 

A year or two of experienro in Pari* 
atwl London came next In this eventful life, 
aud then the yraing Germiui rnmn to the 
Pllllcd State**, l’l.llud* tpht-v proved to Ire 
no field for his talent*, and hi- went to 
Wisconsin, then amuinted a fur Western 
Stale. It wa* not long before Ire became ft 
Holed n»**0, sneaking und writing a* he 
did for the Itrpuhliran party, then iu it* 
first Important campaign— thnt of 1838. Do 
feat that year w*» followed by the great 
victory of 1*60, aod Ml. Schtiiz was pi ran - 
in* '*t enough to earn lire Hpjrelnlineni a* 
Minister to Spa.n from Presnb-nt Lincoln. 

The ofllm was accepted. It was a proud 
position for a man only thirty -two years 
"1*1, who hud been rally nine years ill Airier 
Ira. The war of the rebellion, hnwevci. 
broke out, und lire office of Minister was 
resigned on the first mil to arm*, anil Mr 
N hurz became a Brigadier-General. I'ticU-r 
General Nigel Ire took putt in tire second 
battle of Bull Run. He wan afterward tirade 
Major Geueml. but the farUmee of war *f- 
fonied him little opportunity fra distinction 
io Ibe field. 

After tire w*r lie turned again to journal- 
i'tn. He fnnnfintl the Detroit /w. etrved u- 
Washington corrrsponilent for the New York 
Tribuuf,Hw\ worked oil various other paper* 
in different |*art* of the country unlit I MW. 
when he Ix-rnrae Tinted Stale* Senator fog 
MlawHiri II* became at once coDaptcuoua 
among the members of the Semite for hi* 
broad nnd stateMiMO-llkc view* In 1KT7 Ire 
wu* "elected by President Hayes for the po- 
sition of Secre tary of the Interior, this being 
the IftSt and highest political place hi; ha* 
ML 

After the expiration of the Hayes adminis- 
tration Mr. Schorr came to New York, and 
became the editor of the Ettniag Putt Of 
laic years, since 111* retirement from the ed- 
itorial chair, be has taken lev* |*art in public 
affair*, alll tough Ire is occasionally called ot> 
fur a speech on some important ocruainn. 
Hi* ntlenikm. however, t* given mainly to 
biidnoM mutter*, ami having ben for* long 
time one of the directors of the Hamburg- 
American Packet Company, Ire wa* selected 
for the place already described. 

Thh coinpany is one of the prominent 
ciMupetitoni in the great trail**! Untie carry 
ing trade, arid duiras the dtstinclion of 
l*n ting bit'll the act mil founder of the Ger- 
man interests now in that tnisiirera. Be 
gintiitig. a* It did, iu 1847. with n capital of 
k*M than half n milliou timrks, it enter**! 
into competithm with the Brltidt mercantile 
fleet*, which were then at the very zenith of 
their gh-ry Not only did England control 
m arly all tire mean carrying 'trade of the 
world, hut English enpitni wits seeking new 
investment" hi the "ttnre Hue The new- 
comer in thr hnsines* was tlrercfore hardly 
noticed at tlr't. und even it*, owners did m*t 
tDrc to look for the mi«cs* it Ita* since won. 

At first it Itad only it f*-w sniling vessels iu 
its fleet. Ibe lurgret of whk-Jt was capable of 
curry ing only about two hundred passengers . 
hut so ca|Htbl*' wils the management, and 
fruitful the field of cntwpriM into which it 
entrresl, that the forty year* of it* life have 
been mostly proanmui* iu ibe cxlrenre. anil 
lixlny It i* otre of tire princi|Ml compatsir* in 
Ibe world. In iN-’ifl it tiegan tire vlltpkty- 
ment of steam in tdace of canvas, ami the 
li»rumu mid the // im m.-ioVi crack steamer* 
Vi( their day. were put in ciMiitoitcKio bo 


satisfactory wrre the res»lt* that lire com 
pany'a capital wa* greatly esUtgcd. nnd ra w 
steamer* were athied rapidly to the fleet, 
until now Mime forty are iu service on all 
the oceans of the world, having tine* estab- 
lished to tire West Indies. cnnDec.Ing with 
Japan, China, and Australia, in odtMQoa to 
the tralivatlantic line from Hamburg to New 
York und Ihiltimon'. Over a hundred mill- 
ion* of mark* have been invested in ship 
building, and a* row *hip* are alidad, the 
coinpany hns front year to year kepi step 
with modern progrra* in n*v*i aicbttcrlun- 
To tk'tnonatraie the truth of this it is only 
necessary to name tire .Iu yntta Viftoria, tfa-j 
C'Jumbin, and the fiorma*nia. The newest 
atklitioa to the line will bo tire Priurr Bit 

mairi. Of these vena l" the .-Ingush* 1 ’iWr>n.t 

ha* shown great spec*), only surpassed by 
the fWvwk'ii, which holds in this day tire 
rci'ord of the fastest maiden trip. Thot theae 
limrels have since been *ualclte«l by other 
Him* is simply Irecaure tire art of ahijvbuitd 
ing is in rapid progress. 

The company. In addition to the million* 
invested in ship*, owns other millions in real 
estate, docks, and buikllng* on both rides 
of thr ocean, and over this vast property 
the German student of 1M8 I' placed n* 
one in control. It is proper to *av. how 
ever, thnt. "bowing thurough Independence ia 
politic*, he is known n* a conservative it 
lM»im~*** matter-. Shrewd Careful, und far 
seeing, he is in many respect* better fitted fur 
his work than one' brought up iu the bar 
nr** would lie. 

flKRMANN tiKLKKHS. 

Few perrons who have not given careful 
study to tho subject realize wbut an enonnota 
amixtnt of capital is invested in the gnat 
ocean traitsportutkin hires of tire world. 
When it is remembered that the first cost of 
a ">*'Hm *hlp I* auywlrere from one to tan 
million* of dollar*, it i* apparent that a hot 
running, any. a dozen "learners, paying run 
ningexpenw*. and providing terminal fa<il> 
ties, must control large sunis of money, rut 
in these day* when million* have to Ire rasa* 
ed together to command respect The Non! 
German Lloyd Neatn-riilp ( oinponv tooDe nf 
tlie lending concern* of the World, and NT 
llciuiunn Oelridi*, t>i tire firm of Oelrich* 4 
Co., the New York representative of tho Com- 
pany, i* already, though but forty yean cf 
age. u innn uf unusual prominence in van 
ou* circle*. 

Thi* distinction L* by no mean* solely 
owing In the magnitude of his business inter 
1st but i* very hirgi ly due to an intense y» • 
tMiunlliy ami n rare combination of bodily aad 
mental qualification* which make him 'tm:L 
a physical nmi mental athlete. He was bxti 
in Baliimore. Maryland, on June 8. 1830 f 
GcnnaD'Ainerirnti parenlagi-.lii* fatlo i teinc 
(icnnan.and his mother a member of thr m i! 
known May family of tltat city. Horn to fee 
tuoe.Krirt naturally well endowed. Ire wa* care 
fully trainrtl in *>iure of the beat school* of 
Bit* country anil Germany, ami with a nala 
nil inclination to business pursuits, he enter 
ml Ills father's Ann a* a partner soon after he 
attained Ills majority. 

Thu* exceptionally equipped for a brillkiK 
career, be »uon Itccnmc h prominent figure in 
New York noeiety rlic family havlogreamred 
to till* city in I860 Like many men of ex 
cecdiiigiy industrious hnhiU, lie was v mrr 
gerie In III" play as in hi* work, and hariag 
ivilished manner* nnd a meat agree alile pr- 
•eactt, wa» quickly a social favorite. In tie 
lx-*t dull* of tho city he was acknowledged 
asm lender long before hi* vcarecnutkd ton 
to such a iHo-ition. 

Mr Oelrielra i* a large man, very ntuorohr, 
well knll. and active. He i* widely lutowa 
as one of the 1»M po!ivp|*yer», awimte-w, 
and ‘‘all-round athlete*" among the nmi 
amatciira of Neu York Many amusing 8ft 
ries have been told from time to time of hi 
exploits In lire water, such a* swimming od 
two or three mile* from Ural to meet one U 
111" own Mi'iUtrere, and. after hailing it. reft* 
ing to be taken on hoard. and awiraming bv-t 
to bind "Dot tam Hermann'" exclsimri 
one of hi* captain*. •• I strop no more ut4 
dcr linres for him. '' He had "Wcrved balf a 
mile out of his course to pick up ihr min 
who wa*. swimming for lit* life, and had bt*a 
laticlivd nl for his pain*. 

Mr. Oririeii" »v oue of the inlroduren- "1 
the game of polo in this country: he i* tfc* 
founder nf the Lacrocoe Association of lie 
I'nited State*, is a f carles* equeetriau *ni « 
daring yai-hlsnmu. and. in short, is well sid- 
ed in nil manly sports. All this, bowetw. 
is hi" relaxation. In husincKs he is bdi 
ami dashing in hi* methods, and in pr*lliti» 
i* an aggrewlve and active Demount He 
wn* urged a* a candidate for the Msy rahr 
three year* ago. but he had never identity* 
lllm-elf with any of the local " machini- ' 
nnd after situ- r •in*ii|rration of the offer* nudr 
to him. lie decided to plaiv hi* businrw :i> 
tc rests ahead of pohtirnl preferment, at»i 'k- 
cliuetl the nomination He wa*. bowero. 
made a member of tire National Demon'* 
Committee in lMWalSt, Louis, and now rip 
resi'Cit* New York State in that organiiati'* 
While Ire Ires never shown any strong df*t» 
to bold [lolilK'al offiiv-. be is known ns * ed 
mpable worker, nnd beyond a doubt, il 
hition should impie] him in that direct! ': M 
rmild easily attain high distinction io \htpt- 
enoiu'Ut 

In any entrrpriw which jump* with M 
tuate* mill iocli nut Ion Ire is an iiwief*tw»la 
worker. When n little tint* ago iIm 1 M « ti-'* 
Square Garden C ompany waa organiz'd *: d 



APRIL 4, I**!. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


241 


it new to erecting n mem moth pleasure- house 
for tbc ctly. Mr. Oelricbs ««» among tire first 
to become imereced in tbo project, and wu 
at oocc appointed a mi-mU-r i>f tire cvrruiivn 
committee of the organlMlton. Liberal, san- 
guine, ami active ms Ik- is.br proved avnluabto 
man ill the place, and the progress tliat bus 
already bem made in the actiniae i* due large- 
ly to his effort*. Id June, ltfW). Mr. Oelricbs 
iii ii mod JLsi Fair, daughter of Senator Fair. 

J IIIU'lK ISM AY 

Long and pleasant a»neiiitit>n with a |»r- 
tirular emblem flown at a topmast has made 
us. u Americans, believe tiiat li»e White Star 
was exclusively our own, but In reality thU 
pennon was first used thirty year* ago by a 
line of English wiling ships plying between 
Liverpool and Melbourne. In lhft*i Mi-mu-*. 
T H Ismay A Co. I (ought the right to ttr lire 
White Star, and then commenced building 
steam ships. This wastfae tiegi lining of what 
is now one of the great steam shin lines of 
the world, and Mr ismny is the hading mem- 
ber of the firm controlling its fortunes. It is 
twenty yean since the line had its birth, and 
although the White Star was not the first to 
aupcnredr ails with steam, it madr such radi- 
cal departures from the standards of the day 
ns to become at oore the pioneer in modern 
development. Since then rival lint* have 
pushed it hnrd. Ik it the While Slur, from the 
day the Oetanie was launched in INTO to the 
time the Mqjtttte and TWfimir were recently 
added to its fieci, has never fallen behind the 
van. 

The Oceanic was severely criticised. Mr. 
lunar bad her built at Belfast, and not on 
the Clyde, and thia of itself was heresy in 
1870 Then the lines on which she was built 
were considered too line for safely, though 
their beauty was acknowledged. Since llien 
the correctness of fine lines, long sharp hull, 
and limited benm bas been universally ac- 
knowledged. and the tendency o f modern 
builders is to exaggerate those features which 
were then considered risky. Moreover, the 
amount of luxury provided for the passen- 
ger* was considered extravagant, and conserv- 
ative shippont looked upon tbo new plans 
as foolish in a business sense, ils well a* 
likely to endanger safety. Yet Hie Oceanic 
vindicated the til varies of lier builders, and 
was the forerunner of the great fleet which 
holds its own among rivals to-day. 

This fleet consists of sixteen, including 
four cargo ships, the Oceanic being the small- 
est. with a tonnage of STD?, and the twin 
ships Vtjwe and TTrutonic (wing the largeet, 
with their water-lines of ftflft feet and their 
beam of 53 feet. Besides these are the Bn- 
tannic, 5004 Inns, lit* flrrunuic. ftflMt tons, 
and seven others, all with the -, lc" termina- 
tion to their names, ranging from .'Wo** ions 
to 4753. All these passenger steamers have 
been built with special reference to elcgsnoc 
and comfort, while the consideration of safety 
ha* never been lo*( sight of, They arc con 
(•traded on the floating tube principle, with 
water proof and flro-proof compartment*. all 
fltteil wilh automatic draw*. In one respect 
the line ba* been eminently conservative, 
and tire entire fleet is amply tilled with 
sail* Twice has this p mutton proved 
itself n who one In I reel the Ctitie and the 
Germanic IsMli met with the accident of 
broken shafting, and both sailed into port 
without fnrthrr casually. 

In addition to the line of steamers coming 
to New York tire White Star I -rue runs ves- 
sel* from Sun Francisco to Yokohama and 
Ilong-Kong. and from London to New Zea- 
land. trerides controlling a fleet of sailing ves- 
sel*, and among these i* the California, of 
HI IK) tons, the largest aiding ship yet built. 
The enormous interests Involved to the main- 
tenance of such a fleet in live transatlantic 
trade necessarily requires a representative 
who slutll lie resident in America, and who 
shall be an executive head to the business 
on this side of tbs occtui. Iu tbo case of 
the White Star Line the dignity and labor 
of this position have fallen upon the heir 
Mr J. Bruce Ismay. tbc son of the founder 
of the Hue. bas been tin* New York represent- 
ative of the company for nearly four year*, 
and although he la the youngtut man who 
occupies such a position in America. Ivc bas 
long since proven his capacity and unusual 
ability In the discharge of his duties. 

Mr .1. Bruce I»msy *u born lu Crosby, 
near Liverpool, twenty-eight year* ago, lie 
was mIii rated at Harrow School. Having the 
choice between a university career and an 
early start in business, he chose the latlcr.and 
was' at once pinned by Ills fallrer at a Mihor- 
dinate desk in tbo great office* of the eompa 
ny iu Liverpool. In this place lie remained, 
earning his mpid promotion fairly by lion 
est, thorough work, until, at the end of four 
years, It was condderod that Ire had finished 
his spprrnlireship. and he applied for and 
received a year's leave of «l*enoc. This 
time was sp rit in travel ami special study of 
the business to which he hod devoted him- 
self. with special reference, naturally, to the 
needs and natural development of the White 
Slar Line. 

In |i*KI hr rami: to New York, am] by way 
of preparation for the position to which he 
wn destined, he spent a year in the study of 
the biistiKwa at till* cod of the line. Before 
tin* year had expired he had Dot only made 
hi* mark as a businuw mau. lait. wilh unusual 
social gifts, lie had become a favorite in New 
York society, holding his place not merely 
by reatnn of bfe wealth. I tut rut Iter lierausn 
of b» penonali'y. 

fin May I. UW7. be uouimud charge of the 
American oflioc of the line, and bus retained 


it ever since, with a reawmalde proepect of 
continuing there until, in the course of time., 
he mny lie called bock to England to a*aiime 
a stall more responsible place. Hr wax mar- 
ried in_ ISM to Mia* Florence Sctiieffelin, of 
New York, ami the couple started on their 
bridal tour on » White Star steamer on De 
urn i her 12th of that year, 

Mr. Ismay'ti business methods, as might 1st 
expected of a mux nf his father, are clrerac 
trri/ed by greul thorouglini’M and tireless 
energy. Such qualities, when joined to a 
magnetic and agreeable personality. usually 
command success and tbu esteem of the 
busiueutt world, aud in Mr. Dtnay's ease 
there bas buett no exception. 

AttiL'BTtH FORGET. 

Among the very laird of the men who 
liave come to New York to attend to matters 
of Important business is Mr Augustin Forget, 
wliotw portrait is in the group on another 
|sigr He i* tire American manager of tire 
great corporation kuown iu " Ij» Com page iu 
Gcncralc Tram«atbintique," which is one nf 
tbe largest Motin -ship n <rpnratioOH of Eu- 
rope. It w'ua storied a* a Ciinqietitur to tire 

E trat English lines, and follows them clouely 
n until ugriiiriii marine arebileeture. and iu 
nrethods of doing business. Excepting the 
eight so-called 1 ocean greyhounds " which 
have xutprised the world wilh their roar- 
vellous m hievements in crooning tlie Atlantic 
drawn, lliu vesarls of this line are. if taken 
al together. perttnpe tbe very best that carry 
the pssuengera and express package* which 
are transported between Europe and Amer- 
ica. The fleet of the company consists of 
six steamer* of tbe highrst and finest type, 
aud a small fleet of second rale steamers and 
smaller craft. The amount of capital invest- 
ed is Minieihlng that cannot be conjectured by 
an outsider. Many millions of dollars, reck- 
rating by tbs American svslem of currency, 
■ire employed in tire yearly operations of the 
corporation, for the l raffle of the concern U 
curried on according to the rule* of tire 
highest stamiard 

The Trausatlanliqiie is purely a French 
company, and the man who succeeded Louis 
dc nehtnn us the Amnriran manager leas 
than two year* ago I* a Frenchumu of tbc 
very highest type He is tall and well pro- 
portioned, Jltlre. active, and in the prime of 
life, being forty four years of age and well 
preserved. He was born in Puri* in IMS, and 
was editrnled in tliat city, graduating when 
Ire win only eighteen yeur* of age at tlie fa- 
mous i 'lifiptnl College, and carrying off tire 
highest honors of bi* claw. 

Hoon after Ids graduation be lagan .» bu«i- 
i:>~* career wbirh ho* beer exceptionally 
brilliant. He entered the service ol lire 
" C'oiuptnir d'Racompta do Paris," ami. occu- 
pying a confidential position, was obliged to 
visit audio remain in all of tire various rapitnls 
of Europe. He was afterward connected iu n 
similar capacity wltli the " Credit I.vonnais." 
and Id* career from 18fl7 to lfiHl was identi- 
fied wilh these two of lire most important 
financial institutions of Europe. Hia repu- 
tation. after throe fourteen years of service, 
was so well established that w hen, in IKHI, 
tbe " Ihuique TnuiMliantiqoc ' wo* estab- 
lished, Moo* Forget received the nppoint- 
mrnt to the position of Secretary. It was 
this appointment Hint brought him into close 
relations with the company which he now 
represent* in this country, for Moils. Perelre, 
who estabHdHMl tire " Banque Transnilnn- 
lique," wn.* also tbe ITraxlent of lire •• Com- 
pagnle (terierale Tnuwnilantique." Moos. 
Forget from this time on lias been closely 
identified wilh tbe principal nperatUun 6f 
till* great corporation, taking flrsl the georral 
agency of the com pony for tire lulled 
Kingdom, and having direct personal control 
of its ollScr* in I^inilou. Liverpool, and Cor 
dltf for several yearn. When it Ijeeamc ik>- 
eemary to apiuiint a snccrasnr to Mona tie 
Beliiau. Mr. Forget was selected, and ill mo*! 
immrdbilcly canre to New York, where he 
now makes bis home, lie in already u prom- 
inent figure in various social organization*, 
and has shown the ability to combine social 
prestige with brilliancy in business matters. 

Mens Forget i* marrlral ami has one 
sun. his wife being lire recond daughter of 
tbe late Captain T. Juhaatoa, of tba royal 
navy. 


CHARLES F. CHICKERINO. 

Mr. I.avrksck HtrrroN. in hi* Cnriantic* 
Mr American Stage, points o*it that the 
I’luintne chant* of negro minstrelsy nre the 
ooiy indigenous mode that wc can 'l toast of; 
I sit tliat wo have progreiwd along tire mad 
to original production sufflciontly fur to cu- 
joy luti'lllgenlly tbc grealent works of Ku ro- 
pes n masters Is proved conclusively every 
winter by the increasing putmnsgc liestowcil 
oo high r-lare music. Xo one w Uo wiuinucd 
tire scene of uiiparallch'd «-ntiili»i**in at tlie 
raMiduslon of this season's ticnimn opera nt 
tire Metropolitan Opcra-houw can douhl 
lioW gen nine this interewt is. and il would lie 
hard to over exlimate the stimulus that it 
must exert upon tire general elevation of tbe 
race Tbc ailvanci nrent. moral or physical, 
of his fellow-countrymen fans long been Just- 
ly roiuhtcred as tire tnuH worthy title to the 
honor of poiicrity that a man can earn for 
himself, and if lie who makes two ears of 
wheat grow where but one grew before is 
iWTOUnUd worthy, il would-be unrca»nnidib! 
to deny that credit also to him wIiom labors 
have tended to tlie iocrrare of nreiital ph- 
dowment* and intellectual pleasure*. lathe 


ranks of such public benefactors a place is 
certainly due to Charles Frank Chtekcriug, 
who diivi, aged sixty four, at hia borne. No. ft 
Fiflh Avenue, im tire evening of Monday, 
March 5fld. A* tire pmtident of tire Boeton 
Handel ami Haydn Hoc id y l»c actively di- 
voted liimself to tire spread of musreal know, 
ledge iu the eily wherein lie drat saw the 
light in 1H37. nud iu whose public schools lie 
irceivLal his education: but it was nitheT in 
tire impn-vemi'ots <’ffected by hinuelf uud 
his brothers upon tire means' by which tire 
musician speaks to his audience that Ilia in- 
fluence lia* been and will still tie felt. At 
lire early age of fifteen In- began his life* 
work in lire piano factory nf his father, Jonas 
('bickering, ami devoting himself iiMiduoux- 
ly to the details of hi* lnisiiie*a, be soon ac- 
quired oil iiitiaiAle kaowksige of all the 
practical prucesees then employed in tire 
manufacture. Front that lime onward, a 
peril *1 of forty years, he constant ly strove 
toward tire perfection of tire instrument with 
Midi sucres* that tire ( 'bickering Piano < 'urn- 
pnnr.of which he wa* president at ibe time 
of Id* death, is now known throughout tire 
world A description of the various lin- 
pfoveiirenl* invrntnl by lire film would ire 
too long and too technical for tltix place, but 
that they were important, and met witii tire 
approval of experu in such matter*, b indi- 
caled by tire lengthy series of medal* won by 
them at numerous international exhibition*, 
and the ram* of the legion of Honor be- 
stowed on Cbarle* F. Cbickcring 1 a the Em- 
peror Napoleon III. at tire great Exposition 
oeld at Paris in tbc year lrt87. Apart from 
hi* buaioew Mr. (.Tiirkering w»* a well- 
known figure in the social and musical cir- 
cle* birth of this city anil of hia native town, 
lie wn* n nremliet' of tlie I nitm Club, where 
hia presence will lie gTrally mi sued, nn well 
a* in the New York Yacht Club aud tbe 
Newpurt Hiding Club, to both of which he 
wax attached. It is. however, among devo- 
lve* of music that Ids loos will be most felt, 
ami in tbe firm whose name will be bis tuu*t 
enduring moounicut. 


PLANS FOR THE CATHEDRAL. 

Every reader who is at all interested In the 
subject may Ire proumed to know that tbc 
four plans that have been for *onre day* <« 
view at tbc Hce House of the Diocese of New 
York. aud are shortly to lie made i Ire »u birds 
of a more public exhiliition at tire Anukiny 
of Design, are the result of u atortid cninpeti- 
ti’in for the catiredrni ebiirrh of thr dioerac. 
in the first competition * number of eminent 
arelilU’cts were Inviicil to take part, and a 
number of other architects, presumably Icm 
ernlirenl. were permitted to take part*, ami 
from tbe drawings then submitted 1 1 lose 
wlilch conlained tbe rudiments of tire plans 
now silUmillcd were choaeu The elinii r was 
acarcvly un affair nf natural selectiuu. The 
expert adviser of tire trustee*, upon whom 
tire responsibility of selection fluidly rested, 
recommended two designs- -that of Me.-sra 
Potter & Robmaoa.ana that of Meotra Hein* 
it La Fargo. Tbu tnistcu* added two utbers 
of tbeir own motion — that of Messrs. Iluss A 
Buck, an<l that of Mr. William Halsey Wood. 
It is worthy of notice lliat time two <ksigns 
nre respectively the most conventional ami 
tire bon cocveoUoual xpeeiinunx of entiled nil 
archi ter lure among tire four preferred de- 
signs, or. If ooe ebnoM’-x to put it in that way, 
the tnitmt ami the wildest. It wax these four 
designs that were return *d to tire deeigtrera 
witii Instructions to modify tbem arroniing 
to Hm.’ suggeatioDs of tire expert advisura. or 
probably according to ibnae of the inexpert 
adviser*, who must have been responsible for 
tire extraordinary couuael given to one de- 
signer to remodel Ills from so w to make it 
"more acceptable to all tastes'* Tire tie* 
signs now exhibited are lire result of there re- 
trewi-d studies. Among the**, it Is to be sup- 
posed. Is the d»«lgn from which the eathrdral 
will finally fie erected on the uoble site re- 
cti red upon tire plateau at the western edge 
of the Harlem Fiats 

The preliminary instructions to tire archi- 
tects left them almost entirely unhampered, 
except by the conditions of the site and by 
« limitation 4if the length of the interior; t%| 
as an interior length of 450 feel was still allow- 
ed tlrem. ibis Can M-areely lie looked u|H<n as 
• limitation, Iu fact, competing architects 
have born braid to eomplMin tliat Urey were 
too little hampered by tire programnu-. Of 
cosine, in order to design n aitcccfrtful build- 
ing of aoy kind, the nn hiuci nerda, in tiie first 
place, to know wltat is to he dosre in il. and 
tills the programme submitted to the com- 
peting architects (ml* to Icll ilietn. Il ns 
suniea that a "cathedral service is a cere- 
mony quite familiar to the arehilecta. though 
iu fact there is not n Pr> -tenant service ill 
any church, cither in this country or nhriMui, 
which really make* use of a innlireval cathe- 
dral. The procession* of tire Homan Cath- 
olic Churdt really do thU. hut the prxnvukw 
or a vested ciioir is scarcely a substitute for 
there. It seems clear that » modern entire 
dial must supply some suliuiiutes for lliem 
which the Book of CoiMiioa Prayer, even 
when inlrrpnrtnl in tbo light of tlie 'Trin- 
ity use." does not fully farntsli. To require 
a cathedral <d un architect without telling 
him wlutt you want of it, seem* much like 
requiring him tn xnpply a developed ritual, 
and eveu. since ritunl is suppcAcd to Ire sig- 
nificant and symbolical of doctrine, a derm- 
oped theology. Of i-ourre Uiis question (IM 
not arise in the building of tbe medbeval 
luluaicra. It was |rerfcctly utnlcratiKid by 


the master hui Mere what was to go on in 1 1*« 
edifice they were required to construct, and 
it was them' well uiulerst oral prnoedurw that 
they were expected to accommodate Bin 
assuredly it cannot he said that the modern 
architect cither know* or can 1« exp-ctid t,- 
know when-in a m-dcni Protestant catho. 
dntl should differ from a medieval Catholic 
cathedral 

It is curious and suggestive that till four of 
the architect* whose plans ore now expoaei), 
being thus left to their own device*, should 
have united upon rare point, and Hint is Hint 
tlie modern cathedral should provide a larger 
and more important punch tag- place liintj 
tbe tiMslurval cathedral, which seem* !<• Ire 
an agreentent that its service i* to la.* addreoa. 
ed more to Hip Intellect ami less to the ima- 
gination. All four have provided for it in tire 
same way. that Is. by giving the largest prnc 
tlcable diinensuHiH to “tire crossing, “tbc space 
at tlie Intersection of the nave and tran-epu. 
Happily this practical need for a large uiioh. 
strop lea area, extending as nearly o» may la* 
to tire limits of lire currying power of the 
human voice, cooperate* with the architect 
urni mplire'ment of the development of tlie 
cvntrai space, both os an exterior and us un 
interior feature. In this respect tire English 
Gothic architects, who In every oilier respect 
wore from u generation In a ecnltfTy lieliind 
the Gothic atchitecls of the Continent, weie 
clearly in adraoce of them. Even w here no 
uttrmpt was made al tire interior develop, 
mem of the crossing, tire central spires or 
tower of many English eallirdraU are- wor- 
thier etdininatiug halurta Ilian the slender 
fiirh* that ah me marks tbe iiilereectlon of 
the ridges in n Fiem b cathedral, while iu hi 
least one instnnee- Ure octagon of Ely— an 
intelligent ntlempt was made by tire English 
builders to give value to the centre internal 
ly. Tire cimbnria of the Spanish cathedrals is 
another essay in lire aatire direction, aud one 
example of it, tiiat nt Snlamanca. ba» a spe- 
ciol interest for us as tire prototype of the 
lower of Trinity Chtirdi. Boston, and of 
Mr. HidiardBcu'* uirexeeuled design for tire 
cathedral at Alhany. Dinimilur us are 1l« 
plan* lu arnuigetirent anil in derail, their au 
liters, with one exception, unite in one other 
|“ 'lilt, and tliat is in lai ing much stress ti[>oa 
what one nf them calls the " svmholic to- 
quire- nreuls " of tire structure. If lire design 
prOnlM -v Mfcle and worthy Imildiiig, it 
aeeaaa rather irrelevant to the arrbilert's work 
ti> point nut the symbolic signifleamre of its 
tinrls, especially a* any imaleniU-ly iiigciiknu 
Igiiatiu* Donnelly, with a plan or an eleva- 
tion or a asrlion U-fore him. can extract nil 
manner of mystical tmaninga from the rela- 
tion of its pari*, and tbe const ruction of tlirso 
cryptogram* is not a matter of archiii-ra,,,,. 

‘Are you a painter ?" asked the surly 
Turner of a visitor who vcutuied t-. l: „ u 
gratut-ste him u]ion the fidelity of a canvas 
depicting a ftotm ill rea, with lire (Menace 
that he himself had CDeminU.-red one like it. 

•• No, sir. " 

" Tiren vou ought to have been thinking 
of socTiMliing else " 

An atthitert designing a great building 
nugtit to he thinking of something else Ibtiti 
its symbolic signiflcaiire.sioce all instructed 
urebllecl* are aware* I bat the very cruciform 
plan itself was evolved from strictly areliitcci- 
ural requiiemenu. uud Ihat its svmbolie *ig 
nlficanco i* an after thought. It is bighfv 
probable that tire symbolism w iih un after- 
thought with those -Icsigning de*tgners who 
dwell upon it, and tlmt tireir dwelling «p--n 
these irrvleV&licics iiniu-Bti-N n deep distrust 
of the competency of their judge* to estimate 
tire relevant iminls of the tU-ugn One seems, 
a* Matthew Araohl pul It, "to detect a move- 
ment of tbc longue toward the cheek " ->f tiie 
secular designer wIm> finds himx-lf so rlerply 
inipri!»«sl with the inner aud typical mran- 
Ings of his work. 

Tlie perspectives and plan* as pn-sented 
may safely be left to loll llw-ir own dories In 
most respect*, with tbe admonition, which 
may be useful in order to give itii-m stale, 
that each of (lie designers has availed him 
aelf of tin* maximum of length allowed him. 
Some explanation, however, i* neoewary of 
the interior arnuigementa, from which tire 
exterior architecture proceeds, nod especially 
of tire mtlhoiU adopted for giving magnitude 
litre 1 importance t*i lire central space. Tile 
design of linn* Butter A liobertson bore 
tire motto " Gerona.'' which frankly ac 
knowledgtd the source nf tire mam feature 
of the interior. Iu the cathedral of Gerona 
a rlioir and apse of three aisles open into a 
higher nave of 74 feel spun. ThU wlM-tue is 
elnlmnited and expanded in tire design for 
New Y’ork. with a mniplete entbedral ar- 
rangement. so tliat thcmiwdug is an uc.brok 
en space of M feet square, eovcresl bv a sin 
gle vault, of eoiirae l-y far the largest m lire 
world. T*i this spare one bay nf the rave of 
tbo choir and of imh transept is added, mak- 
ing a cruciform " audkori tun " of J72 feel 
extreme lenutli in each axis. This i* "pro 
duetd " above tiie roof* of the transepts ami 
of the nave, and it give* rise naturally to 
the mint striking feature of tlie exteriire- - 
tire group of four spire* that are structurally 
ncci-mary li» abut the I’tiortunim thrust of the 
central vault, Tire fl-Hrt of wliat we may 
cull the auditorium i* sunk by two flights of 
step* in each arm of the cross, so us to in 
emue the height of lire vaulted ceiling fr'im 
the floor to 140 feet, an iiltimHc attained in 
nieiJiretai cathedrals only l-y Cologne eml 
Amiens. Another result of tills (h-pri-s-i-sn i« 
to rrenre in liai eatiu'dral tire annl-mire of 
w hat Wagner proposed a* tbu " toy bile gulf ’’ 


248 



OROSnvnjUl OF MR. W. HALSEY WOOD'S DESIGN.-'Sra Fam JBJ. tnrunin.] 


between the audience and I lie stage, Ix-twccn Die nave and the 
choir, *o Hint llie sanctuary la at once separated anil indell 
niiely withdrawn from the body of Hie nlillce. The west 


great improvement upon i 
of llie l.iteml art-lie* to tin* great arch at I he centre, lutrl in 
the sulafuing of thr whole so a* to distinguish the nave ami 
uisleti behind, whereas the weal front of Peterborough, with 
its three equal and *l*nnllc arclre*. I* a mere screen. The 
most striking feature of the exterior, the group of four cen- 
tral spire*, i* the moot rjuesiionnblc lHt*aii»c It is tlw most 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 

the great dome above 
the crowing. beyond 
which Is nnnihcr tunnel 
vault declining Into the 
semi-dome of the apse. 

This rewds like a de- 
scription rather of a 
Iteuaiwancc than of • 
Gothic cathedral, al- 
though in fort U is 
the domed Byzantine 
churcfaca that have 
mainly furnished tho 
suggestions f<ir this prn- 

^ 1. Tim crossing Is 
c alto the auditorium 
and the central point 
of design, and occupies 
the whole width of nave 
ami aides The dome 
above it, both in tuna 
and in general treat- 
ment, recalls the eun- 
t-ru- of Salamanca more 
nearly than anr Byzan- 
tine model, and rise* by 
a lofty and lighted stage 
above Its dependcu 
cic* 

The contrast between 
the sections ami tlio elc- 
- n vat Inns is startling, for 

'wWi surely neither could bo 

inferred front the other. 
IrWL- Tills is in great rxvrt a 

matter of nxsoctaUon. 
Vaulted ucUledon 
never breante a com- 
plete architecture of the 
exterior, and it is only by 
the concentration of the 
wall spares into pirns 
ami hy the protrusion 
of the flying-huttrewe* 
that llie interior con- 
struction is indicated, 
While it is covered with 
a ridged roof that might 
conoral anything. It 
might, to be sure, ns reasonably conceal domes 
os vaults, but the domical construction has 
really been developed Into a complete archi- 
tecture- of the exterior, both in llie Christian 
Byzantine churches of Constantinople ami 
Venice, and in the Saracenic mosques that are 
tlieir architectural derivatives. In either case 
the result bean no resemblance to the nc- 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 178®. 



okorjt 


-I. ami because there are no examples extant from which 
we can fairly Judge what ii* effect would he in execution. 
Every reader of the Sec*n Iaimjmi mm-mlx rs Mr. Buskin' 


copied type of a cathedral, und still leas to 
the Anglican typo, ami it is probably this con- 
slderaliou that deterred the architects from 
attempting such a development. Their rx- 
terior consist* really of a central spire und its dependencies. 
It is not perceptiblo.Jaoij it U hardly credible, that tin* lielfry 


stage of this cmtrul spire is s dome, so completely Is 

...... ... round form masked. The lines of the spire are brought 

ilclallon of - the Januaries without the spire," sod of outward and downward to the very ground by means of lire 


a tabic upside down with four transept 


King’s College t'bajiel a 
leg* In the air " It la douUlcw tlio hope of the archi- 
tect*. however, that from any point of view from which 
all four -plrc* can lie seen together they will group them 
selves into u single and dominant feature, with far more 
variety and life Hum could be attained If they were con 
ceil I riled into a single structure. 

The design of Messrs. Heins & La Farge is a domical 
building enclosed in a Gothic ahull, A tunnel vault at 
tile entrance of tire nave leads through two domes to 



. towers, themselves similarly extended by attached 
turrets, and Hie force of this grent pyramidal mass is greatly 
enhanced by rounding tire iruireepts in the manner of the 
twelfth century churches of the iihine. 

Messrs. Huh & Buck recognize the modernness of lire 
cathedral of New York only by arranging, like tbelr com- 
petitors. a very ample preaching -place at the cruasing, this 
lime in lire form of an octagon, like that of Ely. hut includ- 
ing a hay of each arm of the crews, so ns to make it lift feet 
iu diameter. This is the only recognition, if this be a recog- 
nition, In the design Hint we live in 
times unknown to the ancients, and 
the design must on that account meet 
with the favor of the Anglican cede- 
HlologUt*. Bo Anglican is it that the 
si|uare east end is retained iu prefer- 
euoe to the apse, in spite of such or- 
thodox though doubles* exceptional 
. examples a* Westminster and Canter- 


irr. Tbeottlinarv observer would be 
lely at lire first glance to take It for 


llkt-lv a 
Salubui 


try, until he notes the differ- 


ence in lire western tower, and tlren to revert to his recollec- 
tions of Canterbury, concluding at last that it was one of the 
English cathedrals that had hitherto escaped Ills notice. 

This is as far as possible from being the case with the 
design of Mr. Halsey Wired. Nobody could mistake it for 
anything hr had seen before, nor. at llie Ural glance, take il 
for the representation of a cathedral. 

••la Xasreta did K slits Khan 
A itstrlj i.lraoirc-ilmm.- Ur-erc* ; 

*Wt» Ah*, thr <S<|*H rivsr, ran. 


Tliat is rather the impression made by this remarkable pro- 
tect It i» only when one investigates the perspective that 
be tlnd*. in il* wilderness of fraiure*. tire parts of a fully 
organized cathedral, the west front, the western lowers, the 
transepts — nlbclt very shallow transept*— awl the Dave, and 


the author of this design dura not go at all in fear of what 
Mr. Lowell culls •• lese Anglicism.' since it I* not poMkble 
for the most unscrupulous jiem-n to describe Mr. Wood's 
design ns an example of English Gothic. To gain a notion 
of the altitudes to which the designer intends to carry hi* 
erections. It Is necessary only to point out tliat though be 
hn* employed to tire full the allotted length, his building 
looks short. Montgomery Sciictlxr. 



oitorND.ri.AS op me>»r». urns a areg-s dkmos— ia>s r»»* *m, s*rei.»«»»T i 


Digitized by G( 






caul bchvuz. 


HERMANN OE1.RK I1K 



CLEMENT A. GRWOOM. ACGVSTIN FORGET. 

MEN WHO CONTROL TnE GREAT STEAM SHIP LINES.-P 110 M PmmK.KAi-iw.-(8it* Pace 2«5.) 


(d by Google 


Digitiz 


250 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 


ST. JOHN’S. NEWFOUNDLAND. 

Ax intense frtliiiL’ of discontent prevnlls at 
St. Join's at present, in consequence of Urn 
irfi:v;il of lUc British government to ratify 
the fishery convention Iwtwcen thi* country 
am) Newfoundland. The state of tin* pub- 
lir feeling was sufficiently excited before by 
tin 1 not i* mi nf tbe Imperial govern mint, re 
spr-eling the niorfnw rictntli with France, 
w i t liiaii t Biirli a stimulant irritant if a denial 
of Ucnly milking power being iidiniuisteri.il 
in ii populace many of whom nre naturally 
im-lliml to turbub-Wr. It may not tie im- 
proper to stale that lire jKiwer to itegnilale 
trvatic* with foreign powers, otherwise than 
subject to its approval, lias never Ireen con- 
(Tiled bv tireat Britain to any of its eohv 
ni'-- The napoct of affairs in St. 4-ibn’n and 
throughout Newfoundland U now so serious, 
■but the gnivrst ronsrquemv-a nre unt-ripi 
ted should the home government refit-*. to 
tuxedo to the wishes of the rolonists — a de- 
sideratum whirh even the most sanguine 
can scarcely reasonably hope for. 

St. Jnbns, lire capital city of (he island 
of New found Inn d. noteworthy In many way*. 
Inis also the distinction of bring one of tbe 
earliest placet settled by whiles Oil ibfi con- 
tuipnt of North Anrerren. 8r»'*n after lire 
discovery of the island by Sebastian Cabot, 
June 34. 14D7 (tbe day of Si, John the Bap- 
list), St John's was the ncnatinnal atiode of 
fishermen of varum* nationalities. and after 
Jacques ('anicr and Kobcrval met in its road- 
stead, bImwiI thirty eight years later, it became 
the permanent habitation of some engaged in 
llircod-(i*Uerie*.and in its eomniodlou* harbor 
vowels ttalling to tlie A nrerienn coast found a 
temporary rcUiisg-phice and a secure haven. 

In August, list. Sir Humphrey Oillrert. 
Sir Writer Raleigh* half brother, anchored 
with Ids fleet in it* harbor, and took pos- 
Mosion of the island in the mime of (Juern 
Elizabeth. Sir Humphrey had with him a 
motlev following of sailors, masons, curpeu- 
ters, blacksmith*. musicians. etc.. Dltmlier* of 
wlii'in rwnntoed in St Johns He found 
fishermen of different nations there on his 
arrival, and calling them together, be erected 
the arms of England on n pillar of wood in 
their presence. With the exception of brief 
periods, during winch the French hriil pos- 
session, Newfoundland lias remained an ap- 
panage of tin* English crown ever since. 

About 1 030, Viscount Falkland. I.onl lieu 
tenant of Ireland, willed nit Irish colony nt 
St. John *, and the preponderance of people 
of Ibnl nationality there N owing to that fact 
and to the large Influx of Irish from 1*0.1 to 
1 r*l t. as also to sporadic emigration ever 
•luce. The English, however, wc ^ not per- 
mitted to hold undisturbed possession of St. 
John's and the foggy island. Ahmet ever 
•ince Sir Humphrey- Viilbert look pnwscssimt 
of it in the MM M In- sovereign, the Mo- 
tor)' of the Island bu* been largely n record 
<>f reprisals lietween tbe French and English 
fishermen, and even when tlrese nations wore 
at pence, the old quarrel continued in itn in- 
tensity, apparently unaffected by treat lee. 
Unfortunately this condition of affairs, though 
mitigated in some of its harsher features, has 
come down to the present, and promises to 
I «■ a fruitful source of trouble between the 
two rialion* 

In lljtHl the Chevalier Nramood.with a fleet 
of ab mi fifteen sail, attacked St. John's, now 
a place of some strength, but failed to effect 
■1* (rapture. A subsequent attack a short 
time later, by the combined fleet* of Brouil 
Un and Iberville, met with better mioccm. 
but the Frencb only held it till the treaty 
of Keswick. lfiflT. restored it to the English. 
It wi- ngnlu taken by tin* Frencb in June. 
17<t2. but the entrance to the harbor being 
stronglv fortified, the French commander, 
M do Tirasy, thought it txpcfBent to *ii* 
emlnth hi* troops ut a point on the cosat a 
short diuancc removed from the town, anil 
marching overland, captured the place with- 
out much difficulty. The same summer, 
however, the intruder* were forced to evacu- 
ate St. John’* by n force under Lord Colville, 
commanding at Halifax, who. imitating tbe 
French, attacked it from tbe land able. 

Though St. John * Ua* remained in the 
hauls of tbr British ever since, ils annals 
have not l*eu lltore of a peaceful, well-regu- 
lated community. The troops of rivol na- 
tion' met for the last time in deadly embrace 
on its street*, when Dc Tcrncy was forced to 
hoist sail mid flee from the spot where mi 
many .if his countrymen found a grave; 
init 'dome* tic broils, resulting in ixx-asionul 
tmr met. have riucM at time* transformed the 
Ctiy into a scene of mimic warfare. Deed* of 
cru-'I'y,.-— iis-it; all m**. Hot-, ami »i I k r exhibi- 
tions of thi! proclivities of a inulignant and 
turbulent populace have not been of udfre- 

t ient occurrence: and tlwmgh for many veara 
e city li»* been better governed, and tbe 
people .turn docile and amenable to law. it la 
only by a mi* lending euphemism that the 
denizen* of fib John's, even at prewnt, could 
be styhtl a law .rinding community. 

Tile city of Si. Julm's i» altuaied oo the 
outlhen-'ii-rii angle of the peninsula of Ava- 
lon and 10 miles north of Cape Hare. Kx 
cepilng Cape Spear. which extends a little 
further iu nn ensterly direction, St. John'* 
l* the nearest tioliii to Europe on tlie conti- 
nent of North America. It is 1000 miles 
nearer to England than New York. Mil but 
1DW nillcs from Valencia oa the coast of Ire- 
land The mariner sailing nkuig the const 
from Cape Kate in n northerly direction is 
confronted by frowning rocky bulwark*, 
agonist which the ceaseless surge Is lashed 


Into foam. I>etv*e fog* are frequent, through 
wiiirli the vimbre threatening coast loom* 
darkly. Innumerable sea-fowl add a «*bhll 
accompaniment to the moan of the wind and 
the rear of the waves bentiug against (he 
rock*. Tbe indentations in the const that 
offer promise of sheller to tbe *torm-lo*ncd 
tailor, at a nearer approach nre found Co tie 
guarded by the snuu- rocky wall. But finally 
u narrow opening is reached in the iroti- 
bound coast, and entering it. after proceed- 
ing for half a mile a spacious harbor com- 
pletely sheltered from the wind and the swell 
of the ocean is reached- Such is tire harbor 
of 8t. JobuV The approach to It Is p» tbupa 
one of tbe most picturesque views along the 
coast of America. On one aide of lire nnr 
rows Signal llill towers aloft to tbe height 
of 530 feet, and tire ollrer sale is guarded by 
South Side Hill yj* i feet high, with Fort Ani- 
Irerst Light hutrer on a rocky promontory at 
it« baw The entrance «f the narrows Is 
about 1 4' Hi feet wide, nnd nt the narrowest 
point, between Fatrenke and Chain Rock*, 
tbr cbannrl becomes contracted to about flOO 
fcrl. Tbe hnrlair i* almul a mile long and 
ludf a mile wide, and permits of the entrance 
of rc««-l« of lire largest tonnage at id! periods 
of the tide. At tire head of the bnrbor a 
drr-dock was const niclrd u few years ago nt 
a Oust of fAQO.IXK). It I- (HJO f.vl In length. 
8Jt iu bivmltli . nod SO fret drrp nnd in n|Uibie 
of admitting the largest veorels afloat. 

The city Is Imilt nn sloping ground on the 
northern side of the harlmr. on the w'ulliern 
Itorder of whkh the hill* ri*o ro abruptly from 
the water that there is only space suitlc-icnl 
for a range of warelxutsea aikI oil fnctortm. 
There are tliriT jir iire-ijssl streets, which, con 
forming to the Biiiuosities of the harbor, lire 
winding and very irregular These arc in- 
tersected hv mi«»-llreelB. whiHi are laid out 
w ith a near approach to regularity- Water 
Street, the chief thoroughfare in tire city, 
has many fine building*, more noted, how- 
ever, for mlidity than for Irenuly of architect 
ure trenerally ‘liopa. store*, mid ollicis oc- 
cupy the grouml floors, while many of tbe 
incrclianlsand dure kee|>er* have thclt liomes 
in the upper stone* Projecting in the rear 
uf tbe houses, on the side next to the harbor, 
are felt stores, vra rehouses, nnd wharves 
Two-third* of the houses in St. John's are 
built of wood, but ns fire* nre of frequent 
occurrence, thore burnt down are often re- 
plactxi by done buildings, thus tending to 
Increase wenrity nnd improve the aspect of 
the plncv Within rc-eeiit years many fine 
dwelling* have been erected by wealthy res- 
idents. anil a* the city of lute tins been rapid- 
ly increasing In nnpulMkMl and trade baa 
ltocn fli iuriahing, this stale of affairs, and tlie 
well assured p reunite of iticrewied pro*[a'tiiy 
In the future, will have the effect of still fur- 
ther im|1roviii£ theehiiincti-Tof the buildings. 

Among the edifices which would attract 
the attention of the stronger visiting the city 
are the (rovcrunicnt House, n *ul»tnrinai and 
spacious ilntrlun creeled in the Co- 

loninl Building completed in 1817, which con- 
tain lire chambers where Ibc colonial legis- 
lature meets, and tlie government office*; 
and the Ath«B««m. built In 1877. having 
within its wall* a public hall, library, ren*l 
ing-rooma, savings lwnk, museum, etc. The 
new p*i*i office, finished about ten ycara ago. 
is at*o a line Klruciure, W ith the exception 
of the Church of England and tbe Roman 
Catholic rulhcdnils. lsith rh-gant edifice*, 
there are but few building* In 81 John » tliat 
can lay claim to architectural beauty. Trav- 
ersing tbe town the vbilnr there for the first 
time would be impressed with n filling of 
incongruity in his environment. Uniformity 
and regularity are conspicuous by tbe total mi’s 
aence of anything suggestive of such feniurea 
in the laying out of tin: street* nnd the con- 
formation of tbe bouse* nnd other buildings. 

The manufacture of seal and end oik Utlie 
main industry of the town, and U curried on 
on a must extensive *«»le. There are three 
iron-foundrie*, two large miichinc-shop*. two 
boot nnd shoe fnclork*, a liaii factory, three 
furniture and two lolmeco factories, and a 
large factory for the manufacture of cables, 
rope*. twine-. tret*, seine*. etc Tunning. soap- 
nmking .and other industries also furnish cm- 
ploy meal to n umbers of lire ltilwiblt*t<t» The 
export trade in various kind* of flsh.fish i-ils. 
»al oil. mid seal skin* 1* Very large St. 
John's i* to a great extent tbr distributing 
centre fur (lie whole bloud. and nearly all 
tbe imports : trivp there 

Tire pupil i.ilion aceureling to tire lust cen- 
sus. taken in 1*C84. whs S# 1110. and Is now 
doul/li-*:; considcrablv over 30,000 Tbi* is 
eertaiuly a 'mull result to fcbow after having 
been settled for centuries, but small as it I*. It 
i« nearly ail the result of n century's growth. 
In I7.*H> there were but lfi>Kl iDliabltaDU its 
St John'* so that it* increase since then is 
iu Uiurki d BOBlfBIt to tbe fi OWUM uf its 
progress in the period preceding. 

Homan Cmlltolir* form almost two third* 
of tire poptilatloD, Epl«copuliaM after them 
being tbe inn.*t numerous. It cannot la- *uid 
that lire various denomination* iu St. John s 
Iiiivc hern distinguished for Christian charity 
ami religion* tolerance. Putty spirit hn» also 
run high, nnd even tbe most continued opti- 
raw would despair of tire near ripprcwch of 
an era of peocp and good-will were lie to lake 
lip his nlHuk iu tire capital city uf Newfound- 
land. There is pronnre, however, of better 
meat in the near future, and it is not impos- 
sible. speaking nwtaplioriailly. thut before 
long the wolf nnd tlie lamb will lie down to- 
gether iu tbe ukl city of St. John's 

N. Macuoxalu. 


BADMINTON. 

It is passing strange Ihnt a gam* of such 
antiquity, and one pnweaiing pnHibilkk* of 
rare good *|uirt. should I mi re lu-cn so entire- 
ly overlooked in ibi* country. What It* age 
actually i» no one Una yet ventured to as- 
sert, but it is said to bnvi- flourished in India 
before the day* of tcunK In France, and wo 
may read in Chaucer of the bitter u* an cs- 
tublUberi gume us early ns UK*. Probably 
the earliest of nil games required n ball nr 
object to Ire tosMd Iretwevti or striven for liy 
the opponeuls; nt ki*sl we And sport closely 
allied to tennis in neatly every nation. Some 
form of out dmir tetuils. indeed. Mrln* to 
havu Ireen played from time out of mind, 
and uncpmliofmbly hudmiiitun perfnrmetl an 
important port in the evolution of tlw pre- 
sent game. Its name is of comparatively re- 
cent origin. Mid to I mi vc been given because 
tlie first giunc as now wen was playtd nt 
Badminton, the Duke of ikaufort's country- 
seal. but na luittledixir nnd sbutllrcock there 
is m» recxuxl uf its 11 ret apticarance Cer- 
tain it is that it flourished in England un- 
der various name* >enr» before Major Wing- 
field in '74 patented Ills game of Spliairistike. 
whirh was nutliing more Ilian a revival of 
tennis. It is kiiown mu pretty good authori- 
ty tliat a game similar to tennis had Ireen 

f layed in 1M4; while between the yean* of 
flw nnd leCd there are a numlrer of weli- 
siilritaiiUatcd Iti'ttuicvs where It hod been 
ptend regulnrl v 

There is nothing new under the sun, but 
badminton app*-ara rather to antedate any- 
thing we have iu the wnv of a game Its 
popular life iu England was cut ratlwr short 
liy the immense favor attained by croquet, 
which in its turn wa* entirely i xtinguidied 
by Inwn tennis In (lie px<t few years n 
Mnuli lilt of Interest has been awaken lug 
ngnin in IsMiminUm. until liwra nre now n 
numlrer of oriranlM’d clubs ubr<«d playing it 
regularly. It is rurious that here in Ameri- 
ca, w here we are li»l generally slow iu rntrli 
ing bold of an inter eMmg game, wpccially If 
it Come* rvli Knglnnd. there are, so far as 
known, but two clubs which play the game; 
nnd these go in for it only ns a harmles* sort 
of Lenten abocgHtiou after tlie more alluring 
dUsipatioos of the sorial senson. Very likely 
the cause of there being no greater general 
int et (si or arrivin' In lire game la from the 
fact of so very little being known of it. 
There really l» a great deal in tin- game as an 
in-door rrcmitinii. It is to play it 

outdoors; in which cure the shuttlecock, or 
'•biiri."a» it is generally rnlkxl, is weighted 
a little, and tbe Is sly of cork covered with 
heavier rubber With even tbb extra pre- 
caution. however, it is nut very satisfactory 
In open air. Hie slightest wind* catching the 
feather* of the "liinl,” and rendering accu 
rate playing wellnkgli an impossibility. 

But there is always sonic hall to Is- ltirod, 
but with the movement now making in atb. 
Idles by women, and the succcn of a club 
ilrrotfif exclusively to tire interests of llreir 
physical culture, ft b high time some tee- 
i-guitinn wits taken of Ibis game and a dub 
feature made of it. 

Why doe* not the Berkeley Ladies Athletic 
f ’luh work up nu interest in tlie game * lluw- 
ls it lire wives. ai*lers, and twcelbearfB of 
nremlH-rs of the New York Athletic soil 
Manhattan Athletic chilis do not constitute 
themselves into nn annex, and secure nn oc- 
cnirionHl game in I heir gymniisiuin*? In the 
rase of the Manhattan Athletic Club, it wouki 
lie quite feasible to me the theatre on days 
It is i*»t occupied Why not a Cherry Dia- 
mond Bndiuinloci Clubcompowd of tire wives 
of Manhatlao AtliHle Club members ' This 
i* a Miggeuii'ii tluil eon k>e acted upon very 
generally iUi»'ighi>ul llreeimulry.and wheth- 
er tbe game b iniprov.d i>l not ix of small 
consequence compared to the great growl it 
will Jo (%imuukitid in iMuraving tbetn into 
rome kind of physical cxctliou. In tire coun- 
try, where ailileilc dub ami rentable hails 
are at n premium, if tire interest licrnmr* 
keen enough to permit uf it, Urero are turn 
ti' »iir* where the game ran lie played, nnd no 
doubt immy a •|>t*ci<ui* top story in IIiumi 
old-fkaiiioned double bou*ro. where the best 
of *|wirt ruuld be had. Tire greatest recoro- 
nrendation tire game kindmliiioti baa Is that 
lire court can be laid nut to suit the prnpor- 
ItoiM of (tie space nt hand, him! mmle fn*t or 
alow M lire ptaverx tire dispnar'i. tine can 
work ntre * aelf into a lienllh giving perspira- 
tion. nr make it amt the efforts of the mn»t 
drUcale. a* Ihev like. In the former cure 
the hot kind exercise L* en loved, fur tbe 
"bird'' may lie Imtteil oa liartl as ever you 
like, nnd yet not sent so swiftly, on account 
of tire feallrera »pr»-*duig. ns to get beyond 
an average player, tbi* furl likewise makes 
it pi>**|liki to play in poorer light than tenuis 
demands. 

The game was Introduced into this eniintry 
in tire early wtnler of “tt-TU, by Mr. Bay- 
ard Clarkr. win) had seen it played in Eng 
land, and believed it could he made succeat- 
f ul here. 1h- was joined by Mr. K. Inagdnn 
\\ ilk* and Mr. Robert K. Rrebards. and to 
get her they organired the ' lUdnunti n Club 
of the City of New York." Tbe fir*l active 
mcmlHT'-iiip of the club numbered about 
forty, and tire meeting* were held in the old 
armory building on Broadway and Thirty- 
fifth Hired. Tire mcmtrersliip soon rear he d 
the limit of 300. and the demand fur anoth- 
er dub wa* created Tlie Unit clot* lia* al- 
ways held its meeting* in tire afternoon, and 
as they hod rallrer * tendency to make the 
attendance morn ferainiue than inasculiire, 


lire idea of a club huldiug evening sewiiona 
was favorably considered. Consequently, 
nlxiut two year* ago. Mr* Herman Clarke ami 
Mi-s RnUievfunl ovguni/ed the ’'Evening 
Badminton Club." which wa* an immediate 
sun ms, and fairly outshone tbe elder cirgnni- 
ration In riie hrilfiniicy of its meeting* No 
more animated seem- ran 1m- imagined than 
(lie ball on n meeting night of thi* club, 
where there arc six courts, forty eight laugh- 
ing. rimin' ring, sw iftly inuring figures, and 
the air is filler! w ith flying " birds. 7 ' 

The dimension* of the court must, of 
course. I«? governed by lire amount of spue* 
at disposal, and may lx 1 one-third Utc sire of 
a doulde tennis-court. «bi< h is seventy- eight 
by tliirty-aix feet, or the limited litres per- 
mitted by a fair- sized room. Tbe rourta 
should. If out doors, to marked off by mi nus 
of jiegi and string* or a lawn tennis marker; 
lent litter, and Invariably In doors, by while 
cltalk line* on tire floor In Utc centre ore 
placed tire | mats, firmly planted in boxes of 
sand. which support tbe net Tbe net should 
be two feel to two feet six inches drop, sua- 
pendrd at n height of six feet from the 
ground, and firmly held by guy rope* at- 
tached to the poets 



used in lire game of racquet*, or of a Very 
light tenni' pattern The shuttlecock nay 
lie large or small ns the playeri desire. The 
game, in Its general Hue. 1* pluynl about like 
lawn tenuis’ with lire exception that from 
tire to four may play on a side, and that the 
aluntlccock must ire ret u rood on the volley. 
Tlie "bird" is served and returned uuder lire 
same provisions, except that, of course, if it 
falls to the ground it is counted n mis* to 
that player and to his sWe Tlie service shall 
be from the "service corner," lire server and 
receiver each standing with both feet within 
their respective quadrant* until lire sliutlle- 
eoek is struck Tlie divisions of the respec- 
tive cuutu are only observed In tire serve, or 
first bit; after tliat the partners may stand 
where tlrev please on llreir side of lire net. 
Tire " bird " must lie arrvod to dear tbe net 
and fall, without Uiucliing ropes or posts, 
inside tire line of the service court, diagon- 
ally opposite from the server. If the net is 
touched in re-rrice, ami tire diuttlecxrek full* 
over. Ure stroke is considered as a " let." and 
does uot count a •■fault" against the perron 
serving. In play, however, tbe touching of 
tbe net. w long as the "bird" falls over, is 
counitd a stroke. 

On the other baud, if tbe players tuuch 
tire net or reach over it with there rackets, 
tlie stroke counts against them. In judging 
whether u player ha« reached over the net. 
tire umpire diould Ire careful to note if tlie 
"bin!" ' i* struck before it lias crotatd tlie 
net and not by lire racket of the player shall 
U naturally curried forward by the impetus 
ol the stroke, and which might arrive as a 
slight auric over the net. although the shut- 
tlecock li-elf wiw Mruck fattly on tire correct 
side. If. Itowevrr, tire net is tourlicd by the 
nickel the stroke cuunia against tire prayer, 
whether l lie shuttle**** k wa* struck uti the 
right side *>r not." Two "faults ' put the 
"band out. In all case* n shuttlecock fall 
ing on unv »f the buundaiy lines is regarded 
a* a "fauft." an if it hod fidlen outride of tire 
•boundary lines, both in service and play. 
Fifteen points constitute tire game. **t>*i In 
service no uverhaml stroke i* permitted. The 
shuttlecock is judged by where it strikes, 
and not where ft lies afu r falling On club 
night generally from ten to twelve games are 
played by each court, the Aral three < j-.iaiing 
toward a prize Then- prizes, gciierully valu- 
able little souvenirs of lire ineetmg.atx* quite 
a feature of the Evening ( lub.and some very 
pretty eiintosts bare moiled. Finally, as to 
chs* tunic there appear* to 1 m? no rule The 
women nri* more M-tuible than the men. and 
wear a bodice and full skirts and half shoes 
with common-sense heels — nt least mast of 
them d*>. though 1 have seen sume with so 
little consideration of their comfort and safe- 
ty u« to wear high heeled slippers. Tbe men 
ought to wear tUoro l-, hut Urey have not vet 
gotten around to that sensible view, nnd in 
tire mean 1 1 ure appear iu a variety of garb 
from buriucss to evening dress. 

t *aj'*a W- Wuitsev. 



HAKPER’S weekly. 


251 


npnil. 4- 1991 



♦ Too many ohms* won. thk niter it i* an 
liiu'r- of antiquity, bui none the has sentcn- 
(• It would la- Mi'll for Harvard if she 
! ill fewer committer* dabbling in her athletic 
•Taira. The Mart tetfoa "f tli<' Gh*m H 
I vUory Committee, in refusing to ratify the 
liinoetan- Harvard Isi-w-bnll * into* ni-nh- liy 
— — iptaln I hnii. I* precisely on a line w it li that 
mini anil always IneoBriatent New Eng- 
jmI rlnuse. The reason put forth by this 
irnnilttoe U tlml the datrs coming so early, 
at 3d and Pth, Harvard will he greatly n« n 
'advantage Irian not Wing able to get as 
.ich previous practice as I'rlncrinn llnd 
mere beau nny truth in thi", Captain I lean, 
who in quite \i eager U» win a* tlie Graduate 
Advisory Committee, and csrtainly know* 
hie Itaixi ne*» Isltrr ibnn Urey, would not bate 
made the arrangement In tha first plare. 
The record of post season* will get Uwr out 
tlie aracrlian. and at for till* reason, at thin 
tvritiag (March am In tbr llarvan! nine Liu 
been out door* for about two week* and 
Princeton ]n*t live days. Tim sober fact of 
tho matter in that tbb rupture has convo 
nbout in precisely the same manner iu iho«o 
It tat have gone before it— hy the meddlesome 
legislation of graduates with an idea of their 
Importance entirely out of proportion to 
their mcfulnrs*. Andante influence anil 
ad v Ice aru deti ruble and neewaary when actu- 
ated hy the Imt interest* for the /lima flMfrr, 
but »’r have not seen much of that kind at 
Cambridge in the past year or iu. 

Every mas ok Harvard'* tram want* 
to play hall with Princeton, and all but a 
very small percentage of the undergraduate* 
ore likewise Inclined Now which are we to 
■accept its the Harvard sentiment, the mas* of 
Mtudent* or the three men who jvoe a* her 
mentors? And must there he no intercolle- 
giate rupture borauM these three are unable 
to distinguish the difference between silly 
boyish wrangling and dearly dclned sports- 
manlike legislation? Princeton acted gener- 
ously ami sportsmanlike towanl Harvard in 
yielding the New - England point, and ha* 
shown that she U willing to do all in her 
power to bring n limit an exchange of athletic 
courtesy. Owing to the brevity of the sea- 
son. closely followed by college examina- 
tion* it will lie almost impnatihle for Prince- 
ton to arrange game* with Harvard unlrre a 
compromise is made upon at lean one of die 
origin*! dates. If Harvard i* so foolish n* 
to persist in her present position, she will 
make one of the greatest mistakes of her er- 
ratic career— a mistake that will bring event- 
ual humiliaiion. There b such n tiling a* 
wearing nut tire patience of one * best friends, 
and I would remind Harvard * legidator* of 
the fabled frag whose continued self inflation 
rudrd in a direful and total collapse. Irrfr. 
ml. tap. 

The open weather of the past two wrek* 
haa done n great deal for the Harvard nine 
in rauking It possible to begin outdoor work. 
The men have served faithfully in the cage, 
and are showing up in form milch improved 
over the corresponding time of Inst year. 
Thi* is to lie expected, however, lo a second 
season's play. Practically the men have hern 
chosen, though there are, of course, one or 
two position* that may yet be chnagrd. 
Hover has shown the good sense lo accept 
the advice given him in this column on lint 
14th ultimo, and i* playing abort and filling 
the position fairly well The contest for first, 
which has berm hot between Trmffovd and 
Dickinson, has finally resulted in the veteran 
Trafford being chnecn, liecause of III* living 
steadier. Dickinson w ill most likely go into 
the out field Date* and Howe have brrii do- 
ing some very good pitching, all tilings con- 
sidered. Great expectations are bad of the 
former. Upton and Cobh are doing the 
entching. The latter Is a new man. former- 
ly on the Wesleyan nine, and h»* shown up 
-i well that just at present It Is extremely 
difficult to choose bciWMS lire two I’ptou s 
weak point has always been his throwing, 
and if be improves In that particular, be w ill 
undoubtedly get Ibe rail, a* be I* the Inter 
back stop (if the two. and probably the best 
in the entire college circuit. 

RtTMOK* TO THE CONTRARY nolwithstaml 
ing. Dean is now playing second liaac, and 
will stay there. This leaves out Frotbing- 
luun, wlio filled tbc position last year. He U 
too good a latter to lose, and will very like- 
ly be sent into the out field Third bare lid* 
year, as it was Inst, teens* destined to lie t l*e 
weak sp:d In the nine. Cook, a new man. 
who formerly played on Ids class team, i* 
filling the poulloa now. hut wiielbcr lie will 
hold it or not i* another question. He i* a 
fair fielder, hut a poor hasp runnrT. while bis 
ability with the stick Is as yet unknown. 
The beat man for the place i* Soule, who 
would really make a greoi Isire man. but. 
unfortunately, his hatting is very weak. 
Should Cook's hurting turn out to be good, 
or even fair, he will probably get the place; 
but If otherwise. Soule wiil very likely lie 
selected, as in every other respect he is a bet- 
ter titan. In any event, it is unfortunate to 
be obliged to tafce on u weak hotter, a* the 
nine now i* none too strong in that respect. 
A I ward who played third last year.aud Ma- 
son. who fillnl Ich field, will tie obliged to do 


g really Improved work in order lo get on the 
nine at all They are candidate* for the out- 
field. aud ralher out e hissed by Dickiuson 
and Frolbitighatii. while Corbett and Hullo 
Well are cutting out goes! *ti(I work fur lln ui. 
TImt latter, however. I* wtwk on ground balls, 
and may lose bis chance on that account. 
Corta'lt Is a good fielder and hose runner, but 
an iodUferent lutlkr Clarkson, the profes- 
sional. bn* been couching lire teiun. but has 
now left it. Tiie effect* of Captain I bran's 
conscientious thorough work are already to bo 
seen. Ttit! base running has liecn coosidev*- 
hly impruved, the men are ull working with 
a determination to win. and altogether the 
tram i» in witiafactory shape, and will I* a 
better »at lliau that put out last year. 

Ttlti AMATKCR UBVOLYRM ril IMKIoNsUII’ 

nf di« r»Ued states, to la bald under tfca 

auspice* of Farr*! and Shrtam. for the trophy 

presented by Mr. Walter Wliumw i‘ creating 

no end of talk a* lo the preilnble conditions 
under which it will he contested. It Is un- 
fortunate that Mr. VYitian*. who is a thorough 
Mtonamaikand the best revolver shot InOrent 
Britain, did not make nt I nut a few slipula 
lions ms one or two of the more Important 
detail*, uadi as distance, revolver, and mini- 
tier of shot*, for these are matters that only 
the practical man can successfully handle. 
Atthiswriting.lirlefiy.it i* proponed " tobuvi- 
the shooting at twenty yards, by any revol- 
ver, with any sight, with any trigger pull, 
with any ammunition, strictly off-bnnd, six 
shots, at a target which will enable the shot* 
tci be mensured each in inebe* ami fraction* 
from the fixed centre. An open match first 
with H«rre from anywhere, and then a final 
struggle of tlic lending teo or a down shoot- 
er*. under strict scrutiny, at n fixed time and 
place. w ill determine who shall have Ibe hon- 
or of first holding the trophy, to lie defended 
for a certain length of time aguiusl challenge 
before becoming personal and permanent 
property.” There is no doubt but thul there 

every desire shown in three conditions for 
n ranters that shall Is- decisive and just, but, 
In point of fuel. they arc Incomplete. Excep- 
tion* can 1st and are Ukra to tlie dUtonce, 
the number of shots, the failure to declare 
the definition of an amateur, and the silence 
in regard lo revolver. 

Title mtsT sctmrsTioM* ovkkiiui have 
come from Mr William R. Pryor, who l* 
one of the most expert revolver shots in tliis 
country. He particularly advises a distance 
nf fifty yards in place of twenty, and a re 
vnlver’of not less ilmu five chambers, with a 
IsMTel not lunger limn eight inebe*. To lie- 
gin with, the cbamiiiouship should iurlude 
marksmanship, endurance. knowledge of 
light . windage, etc. , in fact, a practical test 
of skill with ilie weapon Sucb wa» un- 
doubtedly Mr Winan* * idea in presenting 
ibe trophy The proposed distance of twen- 
ty yard* i* by 1M> mean* satisfactory No 
outdoor revolver shooting is done in Hus 
country by sportsmen with any pretension* 
to skill at K-*» than thirty yard*, and from 
tlmt up lo fifty and seventy, while tbc pro- 
fessional* *hoot ul one hundred yards. To 
place the distance for an American nation- 
al ehnmpionsliip at twenty yards is a con- 
fession uf Inferior dexterity which is nlreo- 
lutcly unwarranted, for we Lave scores upon 
scores of good dials in this country, and a 
doren crack* in the numlirr who could very 
likely win an international championship. 
Aside from this fact, now that an Amerlran 
ehnmpionsliip series is living e*tabli*hi-d, it 
I* an extremely Imd precedent to hold the 
first match at it distance that would not be 
talented by foreign experts. Wc have our 
regular range in lifir-shociting rmresiMinding 
with those used genera Ky throughout the 
world; why should iui exerpsinn lie mode in 
the revolver range? Moreover, it was de- 
cided Id 1W6 that twenty yards— or, more 
correctly speaking— twenty one, and an eight- 
Inch target were not cwlculatod to test skill. 

To LIMIT THK XCMHKK <>V SHOT* tO *|X 
w <i(i Id not at ull lie a fair lest in n innlrh 
lo ileternnne ull round ability. Endurance 
is a largo factor in every other rantent. and 
•hoiihl li»ve ransideralioii in a revolver chato- 
pionshlp. To prrs lslm otherwise I* tn Ica- 
sen the honor of winning. Aside from this 
quality, which would not Is* tested ill six 
Allots, there remains the further olijeetion 
that the oceuracy of a shooter cannot bo 
tlioronghly tested in *o limited a number of 
trial*. Man? n good shot is made aoddoo- 
tally, and 1 Imve wen an indifferent marks- 
maa make n turgel in fire shot* which aston- 
ished every one In the gallery, himself in- 
cltidcd.ann whirh be could not duplicate un- 
der any cimtnretancca. If tho match i* to bo 
held in open air, one romprtikir might shoot 
in the sunlight, while auothtr following hint 
would have iIm sun behind a eloud. With 
the total nutnis-r id shot* nt fifty, ill strings 
of ton. matter* of this kind would adjust 
themM-lvrs evenly before the contest ended. 

Thk rmmtRnXH oovkrmno style of re- 
volver nre Irene run* aud exoellenl in some rr- 
xpeet*; l(U 1 for the protection of tlie competi- 
tors. si wne definition should Is- given «ifti- 
cicntly hroud to cover oil of tlie common 
make of arm*, yet strict enough lo bar out 
those tang- daiTrellrd. single-shut target pidols 
tlmt nre (crlnin to lie produced and troublc- 
hotiM- unless prorulod for Isiforeliand. Prob- 
ably the wisest plan, arid the •implot. Would 
he to stipulate that the revolver must Imve 
not Iras than five chambers, a barrel uo luug 


er than eight Inebe*. with open sights, anil 
the position in shcsAing to Is- off hand Some 
dcfinil ion of the amsti-ur should lie nusde. mid 
iu provision* rigidly enforced. Tim cues 
lion nrisrs, what i« nn amateur revolver sJiot? 
Oliyhwisly cue wire lias neither directly nor 
indirectly gained a living by hi* skill;' wlm 
has mrt kept a gallery, given exhibitions lor 
money, etc. , etc 

Thk rH»roan» Auumarar of permit- 
ting nny one to slioot anywhere and at nny 
tiriMi thioogliout the country, sending in the 
target for inspection, doc* not rar*-t with tlie 
approval of sfMWUnien iu thi* vicinity, it 
seem* wdlnigb impovsihle to conduct a match 
at such long range. Who will vouch for 
the style of arm UM*i, the amateur status of 
the competitor. or hi* form in shooting? A 
national clmmpiooship should not be con- 
ducted in this ga-os-you plriuc fashion. It 
should ho held on *nm« well-known range 
in cilbcr New York. Chirngci. or St. Ia>uis. 
Iu cooditioM should be »i tuple and effective 
and well circulated; IU officials, men of repu- 
tation and efficiency. It might be feasible to 
supervise a tournament Iwld. say, in fhieiigo 
for the entries In tbut section, aud one iu New 
York for all the East, tire winner* iu each to 
meet for the Quid content at, say, Crrediuonr. 
The general opinion, however, scents to be In 
favor of a centrally loralrd range, where lire 
rltampioiiAhip may be battled for from be- 
ginning U? cud muter conditions that humor, 
a* fur ns porelblo, the whim* of the contest- 
ants, nnd yet prevent trickery. 

So it at tear* that All- America cricket 
eleven of tbc enterprising Philadelphia new*, 
paper i» not to materialize, after ali; nml the 
vainglorious srhrnre of a triumphant tour 
t hTioiclioiit Great Britain la as detid ns the 
provrrbinl door nail. When the plan wm first 
JHit forth, indeed while the ndvanra ugvnt 
wn* industriously placarding all England 
with hi* supiKisitilicm* eleven, such an end 
wo* predicted by u*. -Without wishing the 
project ora any ill-luck, there is little question 
nut tlmt the result of this affair is entirely 
satisfactory to nil sportsmen interested in lire 
future of American akkei. it wm well 
enough to plan a trip abroad, and make dale* 
for (Hie or half a dnr.cn elrvens, ifaoit pleawsl 
the Englishm. n and gratified lire newspaper 
cricketer* of Philadelphia. The fatal error 
mode was id giving it an liiletimilouat color- 
ing ns the ndvatreo agent persutnl in doing, 
hy declaring the team would l»- a " re pro 
wntnlive” one of the United Stnles. To 
luivu goth it together a scndi eleven. and taken 
it over ns lire frailp llwimrr team, would 
have Utii eiiiirelv legilimnlc and very likely 
profiuhlc, To attempt the organization of 
an All Aineriru teiun, however nml arrange 
for a srrlc* of luicrnattonal tua'che*, 1* quite 
a different matter, aim! docs not ramr quite 
wiihlo the ptovlnce of tire circulation depart- 
ment of a newspaper. 

Tine m in kino ok thk rti*Mnox err of 
The Kldiog Club—* handsome silver loving- 
cup, presenhd by Mr Andrew Sands— bv 
Miss Mabel Metcalf, on her liorae Ijuieer, 
was an appropriate ending of a contest in 
which sire proved heraelf to ire u honewomaD 
of prom-uuced skill and pluck. Knteriug the 
competition with a lick bnnu-, and one Ibnt 
continued so througliout the entire ten weeks, 
she nevertheless succeeded in earning ninety- 
four points out of a possible one hundred , pull- 
ing her mount together in a thoroughly hu*i- 
rn-M-Jike Planner, and putting him over the 
Jump* when be wax by no mean* up to It. 
Few points separated the two loaders to the 
vary l**i Tying at eighty-four on tire final 
night. Lancer secured first honani and tea 
additional point* in the Jump off. Tire con- 
test. which began January StOth and finished 
March 21M. was for the horse making tlie 
best score over tho hurdles- an in nnd out 
ump over li feel 8 Indie*, nnd a single at 4 
ect 1 inches— the condition* being tint the 
same horse should lie ridden throughout. 
Lancer is n Isiy 15 3. by Longueil, out of a 
mare l»y Hyik-r Ali. He tsa litre erora-rounlry 
performer, nod an nnlrual of rare Intelllgeoco 
and Ireautr. Miu f'nrv, on her brown mare 
Susan, n wonderfully clever performer, w ith 
eighty four point*. captured second place and 
the challenge cup. presented hr Mr. J. Henry 
Alrxaiulr«,w hu h she Is defeiMiiag.v»ne*n- on 
tbe press. If she succoedv ia winning it thi* 
second time, it becomes lie» panoatil prop- 
erty. Tlie third in the contest for the 
champion trophy was Mr. N. C. RejMl'i 
ScbiKinrr. with fifty-two point*. He U a 
che-tuut. about sixteen hands, was huutttl 
regularly with lire \Yc*tdre*lef houiul* lau 
season without n fall, and jumped aix feel 
*ix at the la*t homo show. 

It wwu> rk ormccLT to criticise an 
organization doing so much that U praiso- 
wurthy a* The Biding ('lull. 1 am. neverthe- 
less, of the opinion" that it ran cxldid It* 
Work to lire greatest advantage. How many 
of the young women, or young men either 
for mailer of that, who ride gel beyond the 
mere ability to *1; tlrelr liorae well? How 
dense U tlie ignorance of tlie majority on 
general horsemanship! More than once I 
have lorn nmusrsi watching the clumsy ef- 
forts of a horseman, wbo rode Well enough lo 
warrant one's expecting better of him. In ex- 
tracting a stone from tire foot of bis mount. 
It is nut enough that we ride fairly well; we 
should have a thorough drilling iu the practi- 
cal care aud management of Ibe hone, with- 
out which tbe lucre ability to present o fairly 


respectable appearance on the road U of lit- 
tle vain*- It is in this very particular that 
The Hiding Club can do a tremendous amount 
of good toward perfecting the equestrian edu- 
cation of tbc men, women, and children. There 
*b<udd be con testa iu general horsemanship, 
including saddling, bridling, lifting f«'t for 
examination, backing, dunging lend. opening 
gale with rrop, riding without stirrup*, and 
the hundred oilier praetienl matters il*»l 
distinguish tbe horaemnn from tire im i>- 
pHlIl tMor, anil MM aafety in ruse of 
lucident. Kiitries to such a compel i iron 
would probably come in slowly nt first, hut 
the interevt could he stimulated to a degree 
that wouhl eventually make it one of tire 
most popultr of events. Tire ynungatcr* nt 
least would be tradable, aud tlie knowlcdgv 
tltey derived on the subject would set them 
up to such an extent that ibeit elders would 
lie driven to cover ov to emulation from very 
sbauw of tbt'lr IgnonUKw- 

The proposition op Mr. A. (J. Mux*. 
jwi'sidcat of tire New Ymk Aildetic Club, 
to found a slugging fund for the bruisers 
that have until very recently feasted upon 
tlie A. A. l"». impotent legislation, i* such 
a genuine curinaity Iu its way that we de- 
vote space to reproducing it intact : 1 ‘ By 
the new rules in reference lo prizes, diamoud 
ring*, gold wairhrs, rtr.. are done away with, 
nnd iiothlng more valuable than a ftfi medal 
or badge can in future be awarded. There- 
fore the incentive to the lioxera t* gone, and 
there I* apparently nothing left fur them to 
do Iwl drift into professional pugilism. Tbb 
would unuueatiouably Ire u laid thing for 
them nnd the public Tlrerefore I make Hie 
proposiiiuu to put them on a lauis where 
they eon continue to hot under the humane 
rules of the A. A. U., and ut the same time do 
awny with the hypocrisy that lias up tu date 
enveloped there contests. I^t u puree of 
$11*1 In money Ire uffeted, $?•*» to wiutu-r and 
435 Ui 1 rarer, and have the affair* conducted 
on a business plane. The lioxera could still 
maintain thrirchdw a* they utc now; and iu 
order to keep out professionals, have it pro- 
vided that no man who bn* ever won n purae 
in the ring shall Ire allowed In compete. The 
New York Athletic Club would be glad to 
offer purse* for contest* of tin* sort, uud I 
believe other cluha In this vicinity would do 
the amr." W» ever a more absurd ami to 
tally Inrainsistenl sclieinc promulgated T If 
n man who fights for $100 Iu cash Is not it 
professional, in lire name of common •emre 
what is be? And yet Mr. Milb would have 
there men fight under the “ humaun rale* of 
the A. A. I’.." and retain their membership 
In clubs tlml are memhcni of the Amateur 
Athletic Union. What a farce' 


Scon AN ARRANOKMKNT in the first place, 
would Ire Impossible under the present ru! 
Inga of the Amateur Athletic Union, and In 
the second place It would Ire positively dis- 
graceful. What excuire is there for |iertnlt- 
ting there nu n to fight under ibe protection 
of the A. A. U.T To keep their rank* clear 
of professional*, so Mr. Mills ray*. Profes- 
sionals! Stuff' Has not Mr, Mill* Ireard of 
the Imponllillltf of noflbg u rotten eg«? 
There men belong in tire professional rank*, 
and lire hlea of taking ilicnj under the wing 
of the supreme governing body of Aiuericuii 
amateur athletics i* simply outrageous, and 
is not to be tolerated, if tire members of 
Hw New York Athletic Club or any other 
club wish to see a fight now ami again, there 
are plenty of them of the most gory de scrip 
thin coming off every little while in the vicin- 
ity of thi* city If. however, a club desires to 
harbor a band of pugilist*, their fights should 
be held under Marquis of Qtreetttberry or 
Loudon prize-ring rule*, where they lie-long, 
and not under tlie Amateur Athletic Union, 
the sole mission nf whirh i* tn fewter urua- 
tcur athletic*, and keep them free from Uie 
very class Mr. Mill* would fnlrt u|m>ii u*. A 
man w ho cnleni a contest for money, whether 
be run*, jump*, or fights. Is a profewlotuil. 
nnd he cannot l» legislaUsi any thing else by 
a down nnnsrosical propasltlotw. Imagine 
the b»rs to be let down in favor of slugger*, 
then why not ruuniug. jumping, bievdiog. 
etc., etc., for fllXJ pluses, It wouhl. its a 
matter of fact, be a blessing if some corpora- 
tion wouhl awaken an interest In profession 
al contests hy offering purae* a* Mr Mill* 
suggi***. it would cleanse amateur athletics 
of tlml element which now entangles it. 


Tut; DWihtMo oAMKin the water polo con 
tea between tbe New York Athletic Club mat 
the ManhatUin Athletic flub was won by 
the former — three grail* to noon — Friday 
night. Tire same club captured also tbe 
tbe preceding week by Ililwe goals to two. 
Tbe N Y A. (' was the first to introducr' 
tbc sport in tin* city, and its team 1* a very 
Wrong one. playing a cool, heady game |i 
defeated lire Boston Athletic Association, tlmt 
has lira'ii playing tbe game much longer, five 
grail* lo none, and could very likely win from 
tbe Providence Swimming Club, which h«* 
the only other formidable tram in thi* conn 
try Individually it lia* several of tbe Irest 
players of tbc day— Wells, Schlesinger. Hint 
ner— while collectively lu work is very lln.- 
Tlre M. A. team did exceptionally well, 
considering lire length of time it has played, 
and lire fuel of having no such coach us Its 
rival had in Mr Well*. It wo* weak iu team 
Work, hut ha* lire material in Mrfferl, Clea- 
ver. Vandevooft. and Knoedler. to develop 
very strung play. 

Ctli'U W. WlOTHHY. 


L 


232 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 



UKNKKAl, JUBBTU K. JOHNSTON— raoa a PaoToaa*rB at Box, Wx> 


GENERAL JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON. 

GSJIKHXL Joll.NHTON, who harassed the 
flunk of General Sherman's army on hit mnrcli 
In Ilia sea. serve! only a rnoulli ago u one 
of tlixt commander's pall-bearers. The day 
of Iba funeral pageant «m cold and raw, and 
I lie ex-Con federate soldier suffered so far 
from the exposure dial he died of il. and no 
irate up hi* life In showing this last respect 
lo the memory of the man whose fortes he 
had ouce tried to cut to pieces. 

When the war broke out Johnston was 
quartermaster General of the United States 
army, with the rank of Brigadier-General, 
lie resigned his commission when Virginia, 
his native State, sect* led. The Confederate 
Congress passed u law directing that officers 
who had resigned from the United Suites 
army to enter the Confederate service should 


talk of making him Secretary of the Nary iu 
Hayes's cabinet, but nothing tame of il. In 
1877 ho was elected It) Congress from the Rich- 
mond district, and served one term. 1 luring 
President Cleveland s administration lie wn* 
Commissioner of Railroads. This was bis 
last public service. 


Tbb story U credited to General Joseph 
E Johnston ami to several officer* who worn 
musketry instructors In their younger days, 
and who lield leading commands on different 
sides during our civil war. On milting into 
hot corners, when the enemy’s balls were fly- 
ing close arouud their heads. they would say: 
’• Disgusting I Really, now, lose accuracy 
than in the Did buck and ball period. It is 
too bad! Too bad! No improvement nt all. 
Won't they ever learn to gauge distance*? 
A shameless waste* of good ainmuultlun, 
that's what it is. Confounded card own r** - ' 

With Grant, General Sheridan was the Jeu.it 
fldgety of mm under fire; anil a* to Custer, 
he really seemed to like such abnormal con- 
dition*.' It would be invidious to xignnl out 
any one on either side for coolness in action; 
nercrtheles*. the peculiar idiosyncratic* of 
the late Confederate General Joseph E Jnhn, 
Mon were conspicuous. He wa* noted for ab- 
solute indifference to lead. •* Yon can’t *fe 
things. gentlemen, in their proper light. "Gen- 
eral Johnston would say to his stuff, "unless 
we get much etoaer — quite close. In fuct:'’ 
and close to the linn of fire he would ga It 
lookrd as If he never remembered that ha 
had been hit, or that there was any risk to 
be run. 

It Is said tbnt at the battle of Seven Pines, 
where he got bis lust wound, he remarked 
after he had reeled in his saddle: "Quite ex- 
traordinary! It's nothing, gentlemen. I as- 
sure you. not worthy of comment. 1 think 
we ought to more un a little cloaer. If a 
surgeon U withtu cal), and not too busy, at 


while Shannon, uuoppeaed, marched on to 
Savannah. 

After tbb ditaster the Confederate Con- 
gress giro supreme command to Lee, who nt hi« “convenience — perfect convenience — he 


once ordered Johnston to intercept Sherman' 
nor tli ward march. Though it * a* too late to 
accomplish much, he showed by bb strategy 
nt Avemborougb. Kingston, nud later at 
licntoDTille, that be knew how lo depart 
from the Fabian policy which was so often 
sire to the Confederate President. At Hcti- 
touvlile he lield his lines during a hard 
fought ilay, and tlien retreated lo the west of 
Raleigh, so that Shcruian could not get in 
the rear of Lee without exposing hi* flank. 

At this time Lee surrendered at Appomalox, 
and Johnston refused to do any mure fight- 
ing. He surrendered to Sherman. Stanton 
refuted to ratify the terms of surrender, and 
other terms were made similar to those agreed 


have in the new army corresponding rank to upon by Grant nnd Lre. He was the last 


that held in the old. Johnston outranked iu 
the old army nil who resigned lo go South, 
and, according lo this law, should have bceu 
the tire* In rank of the Confederate army. 
Jefferson Davis, in making the nominations 
lo the Confederate Senate, *o managed that 
Johnston, instead of living first on the list of 
general*, was made fourth. I wing outranked 
hv Gent-raU I -re. Albert Sidney Johnston, 
and Cooper. General Johnston vainly pro- 
tested against this, and then began a lack of 
good feeling between him and Davb’s admin- 
ntnition, which lasted to the end of the war 
atxl a l**ng time afterward. 

General Johnston's first achievement dur- 
ing the war was lo deceive General Patterson 
by n cavalry demonstration and go to llcnure- 
gurd's assistance at Hull Kuu. He remained 
in command of the forcr* in front of Wash- 
ington until after the battle of Seven Pines, 
where lsc waa severely wounded nnd (tonic 


shown masterly skill: atxl on the Peninsula, 
from Vorktown to the Chiekabomlny. illus- 
trated the skilful defensive strategy for which 
he afterward bccnltio fnmou* When at Sev- 
en Pines, McClellan luul crossed, w Ith pnrt of 
his army. Iho Chiekabomlny Creek, which 
was much swollen by a freshet . Johnston at- 
tacked. and a bloody but Indecisive battle 
ensued. Johnston tatla us iu bis Imok that 
be hitd given orders fur the attack to be re- 
newed in the morning; but ut the dote of 
llte day he waa wounded, and bb plans were 
not carried out. 

Johnston next commanded a deportment 
in the West 1 1 w as in disobedience of his or- 
der * that Pemberton permitted himself to he 
shut up in Vicksburg Rati* so interfered 
with Jnhustou's plum that he n»k*il to be re 
lltfvnl. When liragg had ruined hi* reputa- 
tion in the winter of public opinion 

In the South compelled Rati* to put John- 
ston iu command of the Atmy of the Tcntx-i 
•rr Even now Davis interfered nil he could. 
Hr wanted a dashing, offensive mltipaigu, 
and Johnston believed that hb force was 
not sufficient fur any such experiment He 
thought a watchful, defensive policy the bet 
ter of tin* two. 

lib campaign against Sherman. when tin 
latter started on his march to the aru. is ad 
milled by all military ntiihorlt»e» to have 
hern a model of its kind Ray by dnv amt 
mile by mile be contested the ground with 
Sherman. always retreating, hut nlwui % doing 
so in perfectly good order, ami without any 
serious lots. ’ Thl* exasperated Riavis, who 
insisted on an offensive policy. Johnston 
*iu removed, nnd Hood put ’in hb place. 
Tlkat intrepid commander tried to mrry out 
the dashing policy of Davb, and hb army 
was destroy cd by Thomas before NosbriUe, 


miui who held a large Confederate atmy iu 
the field. 

General Johnston was I mm in Virginia In 
1807; was graduated at West Point Iu ltC!8; 
entered the Fourth Artillery as Second Lieu 
truant, and saw active service in the Work 
Hawk war; wa* promoted in aud was 
aide de camp to General Winfield Scott in the 
Seminole war Ho was wouoded Iu both of 
them! war*. At the breaking out of the Mexi- 
can war he was a Captain of Topographical 
Engineers, lie was wounded at Cervo Gordo, 
nnd also nt Chapullepec, where lie was Orel 
to place tlie flag upon tire rampart. I le wns 
b revetted Major and Lieutenant Colonel. 
Till made Quartermaster General in 1890, lie 

r wseed lire interval after the Mexican war in 
rentier ami garrison duty, 

After the war General Johnston became 
president of a railroad, and then the agent 
n insurance company. In I8?4bb~db- 



VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1* 

if I remember rightly, there happened t* 
n rescue." 

•• I have heard that story. General J* 
Mon." said the listening officer; "only 
forget lo mention one thing, and it was 
you were tlx- officer in charge of that pa 

Then licncnil Johnston looked quite 
fused, blushed, and said: "That may 
but I was frightened, sir. How do 
know that I was not? I think I *va 
perfect funk." 

During the evening the lady at * 
bouse they were dining was dbcutudi 
merit* of kerosene lamp*, mineral oii 
lug Iccti ulmut that time brought Into 
the South. General Johnston's opiak 
naked about them. 

"I am I bo most timid man in the w 1,1 
said the General, " nnd dreadf ully afraiw 'J' 
krroeene lamp. The other dnv 
pul one in my room. 1 was hut half dress- 
oil. ami 1 hurried out as fust as I could run 
1 knew it was going to ImraL Then think 
of It! The very next night some kind of a 
patent kerosene lamp was sent me a* a jiee- 
seul. anil the donor lit it. explaining to me 
tire method of working it. Such wns mv 
nervousness that I never knew he wa* lallt- 
ing to me. Later, after somebody had «- 
tingubhed tire lamp. I tried to reason out to 
myrelf what a poltroon I was. We get 
hardened in time, hut 1 assure you nothing 
would ever induce me lo light or extinguish 
a kerosene lamp. 1 really envy you, madam, 
as possessing hemic traits, when you tell me 
you fee) no nlnrni when in lbt< presence of a 
kerosene lump But I am l»v nature an ar- 
rant coward. An enemy armed with kero- 
sene lamps would drive are off the field. 1 
should be punic personified." 

All this was sold with such an air of con- 
viction as to Ire highly amusing when com- 
ing from the lipe of ns brave a man us ever 
lived. B. P. 


-M 


might as well look me over; '' If some < 
on Ids staff had not just tbrn caught him. 
the General would have fallen front hb horse; 
and even then be made a little deprecatory 
gesture, as if to say: " It's a mere trifle. Of 
no poodble consequence.'' 

This anecdote is authentic, and shows how 
modest b true courage, and bow It may have 
a ludicrous side to it. Some rears after lire 
war. at a family dinner, where there were 
present General Joseph E. Johnston and a 
dblingublicd officer iu the regular service 
who was hrarerv personified, tire talk was 
about the Black Hawk war. 

"I think," snid General Johnston, in hb 
quiet way, "un Irish private soldier wus the 
most amusingly brave man I ever heard 
about. It seems, or I have been told, that 
there were six men surrounded in a swamp 
by eighty odd Indians. The soldiers went 
like rata In a trap, up to their knees in a 
swamp, the mud of such tenacious ootr that 
they couldn't move. During tire find five 
minutes three of the men were wounded. Il 
was certain that iu lime sou re of the I odium 
would make their way in the rear of the sol- 
dier*. aud shoot them In the hack. Ixoauso 
the men could not face about. There was 
tbb Irishman, and lie xaiil Iu the officer lu 
charge: ' Excusin' the libcrtcc, tar, hut there's 
a bloody musquiler on mo nose, atxl the 
baste won't get lose of me. Would your 
honor kindly brush it off. Iiekase my urtn b 
kind of ripped up wtd a ball, nnd if I move 
it, belike my muskil would full in the mud 
aud Ire uusarviccable, and rite s furnished 
with the last cw'tridge in Uie sock?' Every 
one of those six men thought they had but a 
few minutes more lo live, wlreu just then, 



CIIAUUS y CIUCKKKISa.— tarns Pxus MT.) 


THE PROSTRATING SHOOKS 

Of mxliriil knr at* not lo I* culiutsncted by quinine 
wllb any dtvtse nt certainty, or (re a ny begin of 
time TVire eradicatin'! MrfS jircvculloa of diseases of 
a mlssmxtic !»*• srv, boweter, sseertxlnrd ikwsU 
blhltet. Laos r*j*rieiira Iim tbam that there Is 
IaAnitely roreu pcirauuliv* eOcvy lu Ure fas lautaalc 
medicine, ll.wtrtlsr's ftemarh Bitters, than In the 
alkaloids, drugs, sod puiautu which were formerly the 
only racoiiBlied mean* of trnKUIn* sod taltelpatlug 
i. licks ot ((tit nnd agoe »nd blllnas remittent. 
When the *;»(■■» lure been dcy-lrelred by periodically 
uaysmre. this agrees tile resUoutlv* I*- 
x*i the fund «f rerergy, sod Is not nnfy a positive 


MliS. WINSLOW a SOUTHING STROK 
has Iren used Ij user Ifly yen re t-y ndllhsaa of 

Sbdliers f. ■ • u.i, ibiidisaoliils lre.ll.ls* with perfect 

•screw. Il srexhe. I hr child, s«t»w« the ga— I, rihas 
all core* wind r idle, aud Is Uw I rent rem-.ly fur 
disuMra Srtd l*y drsgglsSt In e«*ry pen uf the 
•uild. T*seuly-Bv« mu * boUliL-t/dr.J 

A aPKL'trit' full Til NO AT DI'KAMK 
llwai's lln.ix.iii Tfc.no bar* loon t*m« asd 
l.u.it'-'y hn-wn fc> in sdmlrel.tr ire-red) (re Omghs* 
“ - - teAj Tfct ol. Ttiey sr» amnn 


M us- tony wss slikjwr r 
W ire it fcL i,au CtiUdiew she cue teem CwlO(tm» 

. M) 

NIU>WN-a IIOItnKlloUl rSNACBA. 

"TUB OltBhT TAIN BKI.IITKIL- care* 

. ...nips, ode, i -:u., sdi^sre *»<!*. s 


THE I.ATR HKV. DH. HOW ARD CR08BT.-Ka.rn Kuorouasru ai Irepuvixx Ns* Vos 


T«t I test Worm t.wncre fnrC'hidren v> Brown's 
VsremllML'H I . reads. He. » U*l_- {Jfs.) 


Digitized by Google 




Vox,. XXXV. No 17IKI 

°' ,pTrtrtI ' "!!; NEW YORK, SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 1891. 


by Google 


THE REV. JAMES McGOflH, D.D., LLD . EX PRESIDENT OP PRINCETON COLLEUE.-IS** I'wi a».j 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME .TEXT, SO. lt» 




W. D. HOWELLS’S 
A Hazard of New Fortunes. 

lllnunueil. I aim., Paper. $1 <«> 

Annie Kilburn. 

l!mo, l*n jx-r, 7* ceats. 

In HARPERS FRANKLIN Syt’ARK LIBRARY. 

Three t*ro oorki »re imikmI in (Ki« f«rt» in iwpwue lo » popubr 
demand fur ibrer mnMfc*bla Mori.- in « li«*»Lulil Irene «l.*ch 
tilth in- cHmjiet cKm die library iNlilinn, lull wurlby n place no 
riwdibg-tsLIi- and Imnb-ftlielf. A* ” Awiir Kilbltrtl »** ft (rowil, 
nf UiMarhaltUt anil, to ” A flasani nt X*w Fortune* I* Oil' »Ual 
onionma of Sr« York. Ill lli* two lunik* Mr. Ilnwrlls (In* voice 
lo the half-iimrltenlrtW <|ioeMsin wliirii I be [MMir tml rani|ile are 
titiTflnn asking of the rich mid r-olllvated : Ilia/ <1 ymir pram- 
pn ily, I i* ytmr ruUnrt, ft I u»f 

WILLIAM HE AX UOWELLK*S STORIES. 

THE SHADOW OF A BREAM A Story ISron, Cloth. |1 *> • 
Ptper, 50 unit*. 

A HAZARD OF NEW FORT1NES A XoreL 2 »■*. , limn. 
i’sHIi, f2 On. lllmtrawd. Hm, Paper, 78 tent»; I lino. Paper. 
*1 «•* 

ANNUS KILnrRN. A Kovel. Unio, rfaik.$l M, Paper. 78 cenlH. 
AE'KII. HOPES. A N'oveL lima, Cloth, f l 60 


Prmnasp rr HARPER * BROTHERS, .View York 

Thr aUtrt mete are f~r *afr fcv 1*0 tt ntmU m, at trill lv tut 
ft* pufti iMWt*. j.rfjkii.'. In aim >«irf if rA* CiUM AratM, '."«»•<«. ■» 
.UrOAi am rtrrryi of Hit prut. 

No. I'M, 

Harpers Weekly. 

WITH I'OTEH. A Nil MTTI.EJIKXT IOXTA1N1XO 
AN II.LCKTRATKO AWTirl.V. ON Tills I'tSHP-RT 
mnri’TK IK XKWKiH’MIl.AXO 

: i« rms a hih.-»i«i a hi«. IN ANTANCL 

ftn&trri/ttMml mat Ktpin wMt mi .Yum Krr 


THE INDIANS AGAIN. 

1 1 HE Indian situation in evidently as tin satisfactory 
, a* ever, anti those who am the iie>st informal 
upon the whole subject liavo no doubt whatever iliat 
we. and not the Indians, am rhii-fly U» hlame. If 
any person who nan lie regarded as an autlmriiy has 
declared tliat the late Sioux war was due mainly to 
Indian duplicity or wrong doing. we tin nut recall the 
fact. Nor i* there any doubt that the suppression of 
the outbreak without more bloodshed was due to t>ie 
wisdom, experience, and military ability of General 
Mii.kk. It is very fortunate, both for the Indians und 
for the country, that lie is in eoniriiaiid in the disturb- 
ed region. It is well known that the reeenl visit of 
the Sioux chiefs to Washington was profoundly dis- 
appointing to them. It is no wonder, for they have 
not bren taught to respect the word of the govorii- 
ment. They went l*aek disheartened and dissatisfied. 
They have lieen suffering in the old way during the 
winter, and have lieeri compelled to live upon beef 
that, the officer* say, is unfit to be issued to human 
beings. Cattle bought by the government in Octo- 
ber at an average weight of 11.17 pounds, now weigh 
only H75 pound-. ; and many must have died during 
the winter. Officers report that those which have 
been issued during the last few weeks am simply a 
framework of skin and bone, and coat the govern- 
ment mom ill October than good merchantable lieef 
could be bought in winter in that vicinity. 

It is not yet understood as it should lie that tlm 
present Indian troubles am largely due to the want 
of food. We have undertaken to feed the Indians, 
and we do not do it fairly. Wo have undertaken it 
because we have acquired on much of the Indian 
land, It lias lieen surrendered by treaty, and the Ind- 
ians am compelled to live on land unlit for agricul- 
ture. und where they cannot sustain life by culti- 
vating the noil. It is a high, arid, plain country, 
and even the whites in great nuniWrs, after try- 
ing it fairly, have abandoned their farms and have 
gone elsewhere. Rut the Indians cannot leave their 
reservations and wander in pursuit of employment 
without a permit from the agent. They am com- 
pelled to live upon the supplies that the government 
has agreed to give them for the land which they have 
surrendered, and upon what little stock they can raise 
from the very small allowance furnished them for 
stock purposes, Food is the vital questinn of ihc 
present generation of Sioux. 

Is it surprising that, wronged and slurring, they 
fell easily under the frenxy of the ghost dance, anil 
became turbulent, defiant and tomiile i Is it surpris- 
ing that they are suspicious at every turn, and ap- 
prehensive of mom of our promise* and smooth 
words' Is it surprising Iliat the Indian agents, se- 
lected by politicians for any purpose but the welfare 
of the Indians themselves, lost rnnlrol of their 
reservations, and appealed to the government for 
armed protection 1 Most fortunately the energy 
and skill of General Ml MX siicsreedisl in arresting 
the turbulent leaders, suppressing the revolt, and 


protecting the settlers. The whole force of hostile* 
was being driven back to the ageucy when the 
Wounded Knee allair. in which a ivgiment of ubnul 
four hundred men was surrounded and nearly cap- 
tured by a I »and of about sixty hostile warriors, oc- 
curred. This cuused the hostile* who were coining 
in to break away with some three thousand who un- 
til then hail lieen friendly. The task of forcing the 
Indians back once mom under control of the govern- 
ment was again undertaken and happily accomplish 
ed. and the military question was ended. But all 
this finally settles nothing. The reasons of the bitter 
discontent arc not removed. The Indiana am still 
victims, and do not trust our word or nor purpose. 
It must Ik- frankly confessed that they have no good 
mason to trust us. . Mr. HlMttT WlLKB’s account 
of the situation make* this evident. Intrigue*, po- 
litical and military and ecclesiastical, the Indian 
ring, the general theory of Indians as vermin and 
nuUancpH, the extreme difficulty of ascertaining the 
truth through official cliaiinrU all make the accu- 
rate comprehension and wise treatment of the ques- 
tion a subject of great perplexity But one thing 
is clear. Them is no good excuse for taking the land 
of the Indiana under a promise to feed them, and 
then breaking our word. Them is no possible ex- 
cuse for not placing the whole Indian administra- 
tion upon simple principles of Imuraty and good 
sense. An administration tliat would do this would 
become honorably famous; and so far as our good 
name ha* lieen maintained in the present exigency, 
the result appear* to be chiefly due to General Milk*. 
who. we believe, was instructed to prevent an Indian 
war. 

ELECTION OF SENATORS BY THE PEOPLE. 

The remarkable success of the ballot reform move- 
ment has naturally stimulated other propositions of 
reform in political methods. This is not surprising. 
Iwcause our whole scheme of government is tenta- 
tive, and while its general fundamental principles 
are not likely to he questioned, there is no doubt that 
its details of method will constantly need readjust- 
ment. There can lie no such conservatism as positive 
political inaction in this country But the impatience 
of new propoai lions, whatever form the impatience 
may take, is useful, if it docs no more than slutr)ieii 
the scrutiny with which all new propositions are 
scanned. A general dull allegation of sentimental- 
ity, impracticability, folly, mid moonshine against 
any reform seriously proposed by intelligent men is 
utterly unimportant. It affects no opinion or action. 
It is merely a cry of feebleness against a force which 
is seen to be effective. When the Australian ballot 
was proposed, we were informed that it was “ new- 
fangled," “whimsical.' 1 “absurd,'' and that the old- 
fashioned American methods were good enough for 
old-fashioned American citizens, whatever professors 
and doctrinaire* might think. 

This was not found to be a very effective kind of 
•argument. In a great many States the system is al- 
ready in practice, to the general public benefit and 
satisfaction, and Maine ami Illinois have just adopted 
it. Iu Maine it seems to have prevailed against the 
strong opposition of the Republican leader*, and the 
vote of the majority of the Republican menilicrs of 
the I*- ip -dal ure. This was hardly to be expected, 
for the Republican party generally baa declared for 
the reform. The success of the Australian system 
has given an impulse to the demand for the election 
of United Stales Senators hv the people directly in- 
stead of the legislature. This movement seems to 
have originated not in the conviction that a Legisla- 
ture is not likely to elect the best man, but that elec- 
tiona in the legislature are more easily bought- In 
other words, it is proposes! ns a barrier against polit- 
ical corruption. In thuL sense the proposition be- 
comes a startling proof of the popular belief that the 
government is largely undermined by rorrnptinn. 
The Senate has lieen often called a millionaires club, 
and in tliaL view the suggestion of election by the 
people is very significant. 

But the value of the scheme ns a corrective of cor- 
ruption must depend upon other political methods. 
Tin- |ieople do not go to llie polls on electioii day and 
vote for the men whom they think most suitable for 
office. They vote only for certain candidate* already 
nominated in a particular manner. In other words, 
they vote for the regular party candidate*, who are 
selected by a convention- That convention may tie 
corrupted as well as a Legislature, and it is quite as 
likely as the I «rgislat me to be composed of corrupti- 
ble members. Moreover, the opportunities for con- 
cealing corruption are grmter in a convention, which 
sits for a day or two and then dissolve*, than in a 
legislature, where there are fewer member* under a 
long and strict public scrutiny. But there is another 
important consideration. If it he desirable to know 
the party preference for a candidate for the Senate, 
it can be ascertained now. and without modifying the 
Constitution. The l***l immediate representation of 
a party is its Slate Convention. A convention has 
only to declare its choice for Senator, and the party 
majority in the Legislature will obey. This is the 
course pursued in the Presidential Electoral College. 


except that the inatruetions in that case proceed 
from the National Convention. In 1877 the question 
was raised of recurring to the original intention of 
the Constitution that every elector should vote us he 
chose. But the discussion served only to show that 
no elector could venture to disobey the command of 
his parly without dishonor The understand ing has 
become so absolute, that to vole for any candidate 
but that of the convention would have been consid- 
ered disgraceful. The Democratic Convention of Il- 
linois made General Pai.mkk the party candidate for 
the Senatnrsliip, and the Legislature elected him. It 
is not doubtful that the party majority in any other 
Is'gixlature would do the sutue tiling The argument 
that the State Legislature could decide more wisely 
would not l>e more forcible than the same argument 
applied to the Electoral College. 


TUB RECALL OF TUB ITALIAN MINISTER 

The recall of Baron Fava, the Italian minister, 
was premature, because, although he may hare told 
Ids government tliat probably no reparation would lie 
obtained for the shooting of the Italians, yet the in- 
vestigation is still pending, arid the Italian govern 
ment should have awaited the result. Tiie letter of 
the Secretary of Stale to the Governor of Louisiana 
at the time of the shooting expressed the sincerest re 
grel for the incident, the warmest friend I in ess for 
Italy, and the strongest wish that all offenders 
against the law might be promptly brought to jus 
tier. The Italian government could have found no 
ground of complaint in that letter, and it should hare 
remarked that if among the victims were Italian sub- 
jects, there were also American ritizeris, and tliat the 
national government could guarantee to foreign sub- 
jects no more than it guaranteed to its own citixens. 
But the Italian government took action before the 
nationality of the victim* was determined, and while 
the legal inquiry wa* proceeding. It was therefore 
unquestionably hasty action, and it is nut to lie sup 
posed that friendly relations will be seriously dis- 
turbed. 

It is very difficult for foreigners to understand 
the relation between the American States ami the 
Union. A quarter of a century ago General Kaa*- 
l/'iEF. the Danish Minister of War, who had lieen long 
Danish minister in this country, and a man of un 
usual intelligence, commuted his government to the 
St. Thomas treaty as a fait aeconpii before ratifica- 
tion by the Senate The Semite refused to ratify, 
and General BtAHtiWl political career ended, 
The Italian government Inis yet to learn that if the 
State in which the offence is committed refuses re- 
dress, thn national government cannot interfere. The 
position of the government is admirably stated by 
Mr. Bt-AINR in iiis letter to Baron Fata, as it has been 
stated by his predecessor* Mr. W KBWTKR and Mr 
Eva RTs Mr. Bt. a ink's letter to the Governor of 

Louisiana says, indeed. "The government of the 
l-nited States must give to the subjects of friendly 
powers that security which it demands for our own 
citizens when temporarily under a foreign juriadic 
lion.” That aecurity is the protection of the local 
law But even if the government could control the 
legal machinery, how could it coerce the nation of the 
jury 1 

We offer to Italy the same degree and method of 
protection that we provide tor our own citizens. If 
tiiis can lie clearly shown to the Italian government, 
it will hardly push the controversy further. On 
tainly it will not question either the good faith or 
the friendly feeling of both the American govern- 
ment ami people. 

HOWARD CROSBY. 

THERE wa* perhaps no citizen of New York whose 
death would have been so serious a las* to the city 
ns that of lIuWARti Crokby. He was a clergyman 
and a faithful jiastor. like scores of others around 
him. hut bis death is universally lamented as the lost 
of a great moral force in the community. The ex 
presaion* of sorrow for his death are remarkable for 
their unanimity and sincerity. There is nothing in 
them which is merely formal. They are the highest 
tribute which can be paid to a citizen, for they show 
bow profound was the public confidence in his inleg 
rity. Iiis practical wisdom, his persistence, Ids ability 
and his efficiency in serving the common interest* 
He was a constant illustration of the public-spiritid 
citizen. But. his public spirit was active, not passive 
He was not content to approve good efforts and sub 
scribe to giKol causes, but he saw where and when 
and how efforts should he ma<ie, and he bravely led 
the way. In all municipal progress und activity be 
was n leader. He had the perceptioa, the conviction, 
ami the courage wlmili, were they general, would be 
invincible, and would make the city of New York 
what a great city ought to lie. 

He was Iwrn in this city in 18M. of a family distin- 
guished for humane public service. At eighteen br 
graduated at the university of the city, and at twenty 
seven, after a wide range of travel, be w»* appointed 
Professor of Greek at Iiis alma mater He was 
immediately involved in a multitude of religiuu; 



A 


A p!ffi. I'- 194 '- 

and other public dutiwv, until hi* health failed, ami 
be withdraw to New Brunswick, iu New Jersey, a* 
ProfcMOr of Greek at Rutgers College, and subse- 
quently a* ptulor of the Presbyterian church. In 
1883 he returned to New York, and became pastor of 
the fourth Avenue Presbyterian Society, lie was 
elected, in 1870, Chancellor of the University of the 
City of New York. Columbia made him a Doctor of 
Laws in 1871. and Harvard, in 1859, Doctor of Divin- 
ity. In the Presbyterian communion lie was held in 
high honor. He was Moderator of its General As- 
sembly in 1873. and often a delegate to its councils. 
Upon his return from his travels he published Isiutl* 
of the Moalem, and hi* published works include ser- 
mon* and pamphlets. His large public activity did 
not interfere with hi* special studies, and he was one 
of the founders of the Greek Club in the city, a friend- 
ly society of men in various occupations who never 
lost interest in the study of the Greek language uud 
literature. 

But with all thn*c interest* his interest in local pub- 
lic affair* was untiring and most effect iv^. As a son 
of New York, he felt the deep disgrace of its municipal 
condition and character. As an American, he was 
stung by the consciousness tliul the chief American 
city whs a byword among the great cities of tlie world. 
As a Christian teacher, he felt that Christianity de- 
manded of him constant and unsparing warfare with 
like causes of our local shame. To this work of mu- 
nicipal reform, therefore, he addressed himself with a 
courage us uncompromising a* his convictions were 
profound. The policies of action that he proposed 
and sustained were not always those of other friends 
of reform. Thus he believed that in the actual situ- 
ation a proper license, not prohibition, was the wise 
measure, and neither sneer* nor hostility disturbed 
his equanimity in standing by his own conscience. 
Hi* views upon the social situation and tendency in 
the country were not Ires definite than his declaration 
of them was vigorous and incisive. He waa clear- 
sighted. true hearted, brave, and self-possessed. The 
presence of such a moil, and his practical heroism, 
were a moral tonic for all good citizens. Dr. CrosHY 
had both the independence ami the courage which 
are indispensable to reform. It is a just instinct 
which, in a community whose welfare dcjreiid* upon 
public spirit wisely and steadily directed, laments the 
death of such a man it* a great public misfortune. 
During the year another such man, active in a differ- 
ent field and way. vra* lost in Mr. Brace. Such citi- 
zens illustrate the American citizenship which is the 
hope of the future, It i* not our vast material pros- 
perity, it i* our moral quality, which is the most vi- 
tal interest of this community, and of that quality 
Howaro Chubby was a noble illustration. 


SAVE THE PARKS. 

The intention of Tammany to destroy the City 
Hall in the City Hall Park and erect a great muni- 
cipal building in its place is publicly announced, 
and naturally command* a great deni of attention. 
The real question, however, i* not of a hall, but of a 
park. Are we ready wholly to abolish tho City Hall 
Park T The Post-office at the lower end and the ju- 
dicial building at the upper have seriously reduced 
ila area. A huge city building between them would 
practically destroy the park. But for beauty, and 
fur light and air at (tie junction of the two great 
channel* of city life, the retention of the park with- 
out further obstruction i* most desirable. There is 
no reason for building a City Hall on that particular 
«!>ot, except that the city owns the land. But the 
land i* worth more to tho city a* an open breathing- 
space than a* the site of a city building. The present 
park, with the old hail and the surrounding build- 
ing*, offer* probably the most striking architectural 
effect in the city. The tree* and the open s|mioch are 
itgrecabln tn the eye. The traditions of the older 
city linger about the spot, and should the park be 
wholly obliterated, there is no reserved ground in 
tho city that might not be regarded as doomed. 

The elevated railroad recently demanded anoth- 
er piece of the Battery, and for every seizure of open 
land that any company or scheme may propose, some 
plausible pretence will be found. If park* are not 
dretirnblc for a city, let the taxpayers insist that use- 
less ground shall nnt lie retained. If they are de- 
sirable fur the general health, and for the enjoyment 
of those who must find their recreation in tho city, 
lrtt them be held open and attractive against all com- 
ers. If the elevated railroad want* more land, let 
it buy the land, ami not expect the city not only to 
present it with land, but with lurid which is essential 
to tho general health and comfort. If the city wants 
a new municipal building, let it erect such a building 
where it will not interfere with the public, welfare. 
When the City Hall was built, it was at the upper 
limit of the area then occupied by the city. But 
there is no occasion now for retaining it upon that 
very s|*»t. at such cost of various kinds. The obstruc- 
tion at the Battery is a aertous injury to the city. 
The ground i* o|ieu to the sea air. and is susceptible, 
of being made the most delightful of the smaller 
park*. It •* the only resort open to the people in 
the lower wards for recreation and relief during the 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 

heats of summer, hut nothing but an emphatic ex- 
pression of public feeling can probably save to them 
this retreat. Its practical appropriation by a rich 
corporation would be a Minnie to the intelligence and 
public spirit of the city. 

It is now believed that such possession of the Bat- 
tery as the Elevated Road has already acquired is ille- 
gal, and if the refusal to permit the projxwed seizure 
should end in removing the present railroad tracks 
from the Battery, and iu the junction through State 
Street of the Sixth and Ninth Avenue tracks with 
those of the Second and Third Avenue at Front 
Street, the continuous line would be not only a great 
public convenience, but would probably increase the 
travel of the road* by practically uniting the North 
River and East River ferries. In any out the ten- 
dency of the road to encroach on the public grounds 
should be arrested. Tlie present system of rapid 
transit iu the city will soon be wholly inadequate, if 
it is not already so, aud no good citizen should spare 
any effort to prevent that system from strengthen- 
ing itself at the expense of the parks aud breathing- 
spaces of the city. 


FREE TEXT BOOKS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

There I* n warm discumvoti in Illinois of the demand for 
supplying the public schools witb free text books. The 
controversy is son liter illustration of Use socialist in tendency 
of thought which leads to paternal government. It U inter 
eating to observe that In this way socialism reverts to abso- 
lutism. The doctrine of tlie Holy Alliance seventy yean 
ago In Europe was that the government should take care of 
the people m a parent of bis child. The royal and imperial 
tone in speaking to the people nxutmcd that the king wo* 
the father of bis people. The "American system" in the 
triii-, not in the tariff, seme was hosed upon tlie principle of 
self-reliance. 

This prluriple is to be upplied, of course, according to Ibo 
Bacouinn maxim that moderation should he tlie rule, ami cx- 
cowc the exception. That is to say. the stale Is to do what 
the Individual cannot do for himself. The Post-office L» a 
good illustration. Private enterprise would doubtless un- 
dertake to carry letters, but It would carry them only where 
carriage i» profitable. This, however, does not suffice. It is 
indispensable for tlie public welfare (lint Idler* and pnprr* 
be distributed everywhere, abd the community willingly as- 
sumes like work, amt make* up the detlcil in cost. 

Schools, like po*t-ofllcee. are supported by the state to pro- 
mole the common welfare, and ns text hook* are waentiul to 
the servico of the schools, it is n question whether they may 
not be as properly supplied n* seals or dr*k* It is agreed that 
they may be properly furnished free to children whoso par- 
ents will derlarc that they are unable to furnish them. But 
why might not the name argument apply to the instruct lor. 
that it shall be furnished free only to those children whose 
parents or guardians will declare that they are unable to pay 
for It? If the free supply of school-books be a degradation 
of Individual sclf-rrepcct. why is not the free supply of in- 
struction open to the same objection? Ilngmutism upon 
the subject is dongcroul. There is a great deal of the so- 
cialistic spirit in our government already, and while the pol- 
Jcy of free texts books may not br wise, it fat not for the 
renson that it destroys the sense of individual rvEponvibllity, 
which i* often urged speculatively as an argument against 
the public schools themselves. 


PENSIONS FOR SCHOOL-TEACHERS. 

The •eboolteacbora' pension lull now pending in tlie 
New York Legislature raises a very imporisnt question. 
The Board of Education in the city tins voted, with some 
dissent, against approval of the bill, ami some of the mem- 
bers express themselves very decidedly upon the subject. 
One of them says that Mich a provision could not be limited 
to lire city of New York. It must lie applicable to every 
city in the State. But if to teachers in the cities. then to all 
teacher*; and if to tenrliers, then to all other public em- 
ployes. Hr thinks that no elate) of public servant* should 
be pensioned. Pension* should be re --er veil exclusively for 
special c**e* of rminent service, ami should he granted by 
sjierial seta of legislat Loo 

This gentleman hold* that teaching is s profession, like 
medicine and law. unit he thinks that those wl»o are engaged 
In it ore gene rally as well paid as persons in other employ- 
□lent*, mb is shown by the pressure for appointment, and 
they must be expected to save for thrir Old age. Moreover, 
tlie service, he say*, is not dangerous to life nor threatening 
to health, for.wilh vacations and holidays, lire nurtu re work 
less than 300 days of tlie 385. If they are not paid suf 
fleirntiy to enable them to lay by something every year, 
they should be paid more liberally; and if a teacher should 
1 m- disabled while in the service, he should lie specially pen- 
sioned. There 1* undoubtedly much truth in this statement, 
and the Springfield R tpwHf m m say*, truly and canelusively. 
‘‘The thing to do is to pay tla* learhcr* wvll and then let 
them look out for thero«dve», and not seek to dull the edge 
of their husbandry through any Uiriftk-M and pauperizing 
arrangements." 

Thai teachers are now generally well paid, especially the 
women, who are tlie larger port, cannot lie truthfully raid. 
They must maintain n certain Mainland of living, and to do 
this aud save enough for decent support wlien they retire 
is impomilde. The result is that teaching is very generally 
regarded as a temporary makeshift, nut as u profession, as 
the gentleman whom we have quoted bold*. 11c compm-e* 
teaching to law and medicine as a profession. But this I* 
true only to a very limited degree in the higher schools and 
college*. In the public school, teaching is an employment 
rather Ilian a profession. A clever lawyer or physician con- 


259 

stanlly enlarges hi* practice and his emoluments. How can 
ft clever public-school teacher do that? Only by leaving tho 
public M.hiM>l. Tho movement for pension* of teachers will 
do much if i*. leads to more liberal compensation. 

A MISAPPREHENSION. 

It is objected to the proposed grant to ennhln tbe Regent* 
of the University to extend the benefits of biglirr education 
to tbe people that higher education ia n luxury for whirli 
Uioso who wUli It should pay. 

The WoriH well replies that this remark i* mu* only upon 
the theory that the State supports schools for the benefit of 
individual*. But it docs not. It support* them for it* own 
advantage, believing that educated intelligence i* the only 
sure foundation of a republic. The State is the judge how 
far It will go in till* direction. In other word*, the Stale 
decide* what kind and degree of education it will maintain. 
It U not obliged upon any principle to confine education to 
•• the three rV If It he of opinion that the public welfare 
will be promoted by teaching drawing, or music, or mauunl 
dexterily, it will authorize inch leaching for the amine rea- 
son that It authorize* teaching ia reading and writing. The 
rang* of leaching ia a question of expediency, not of prin- 
ciple. 

Ever since there ha* been a State system of education iu 
New York, it ha* Included what Is called higher education. 
The academic* have tdway* partaken of State bounty. The 
Slate, that is to my. lire people of New York have thought 
that tbr common interest would be promoted by fostering 
academies, aud it has aided them a* it has maintained a 
State library and a State mnreura. Undoubtedly all such 
action is to he taken reasonably, and the presrnt proposition 
Is very reasonable. University extension contemplate* open 
ing to all the people of tire Slate opportunities which are 
now open to few. and to do it for the same reason that it 
supports the free school, namely, that it makes better Amer- 
ican eitizr-us. 

PERSONAL. 

Tlllt founding of the Xew York TVfhrnr by HORACE 
Orkki.ey wilt tie i-clclirutcd at tin* Metropolitan Opera- 
house on tire Kftieili anniversary of lire l-aper’s Inception, 
which falls on the 10th of this month. Tins arnii-rrnleli- 
liial rclebratino will Ire proper!} signalized by the p renew* 
of uiauy distinguished Americans. Milne of whom worked 
with or knew Mr. Grkklky. Among these who will ad- 
dress the iiM-ellng will Ire .Iamk* (1. Blaine; (IxoiiiiE Wit.- 
MaM Cvma. formerly one of the editors of tbe 7Vitsiir ,- Ur. 
CmaTNcky M. Diene w ; aud Chaiiu* A. Dana, who was one 
of Huuack Unznxv's lieutenants. Waiter Damriku u 
wilt Ire present with his orchestra, noil in every way the 
occasion will he made n memorable one. 

— The I’ltialiairgh Art Society showed their appreciation 
of C. S. Rr.lWIAIrf , tire artist, ami a former resident of tlie 
Smoky City, by giving him n reception at tho Caruegle 
Art Ballet iei lire other evening A huge number of prom- 
inent residents were present lo meet, Mr. ItKlXiiAltT, and 
many of his pictures wet* nil exhibition. 

-H. Kii>kk IIaiioarii hss returned from Mexirn full of 
enthusiasm over tire unrnrnl resource* nf the country, lint 
impressed with tire U'lief that It* civilisation was more 
strongly advanced in the time of Coirntz than it i* now. 
His forth -con ling novel will therefore deal with tire pictu- 
resque traditions of the past rather tlinu with the realistic 
present ef Mexico, which is shrewd in a remiaartat of the 
UlPRtt llAMUAMP M iipc. 

— In an article on Aincriran literature, in Thf 
Rrrio* (Loudon), Mr. Wii.uaM Sharp, the nniireut poet 
ami critic, speaks of Mr. HUSHY M. AujKN's book, find in 
Hi* UarM, as “ the most noteworthy l«onk of a religions kind 
(in style as well as In substance) published ju England or 
in Amerira for many years. . . . Marked by subtlety and 
depth of insight, ns well as hy breadth of thought, ami dis- 
tinguished liy a style of siitgnhir charm, it is sn oasis in- 
deed in the monotonous wilderness of religions literature 
In general." 

— Hunting the orchid was a lucrative business a few 
years ago, and India ministered beneficently to the craze, 
as Holland had «' the tulip mania and Japan to tire chrys- 
anthemum rage. Along the bunks of hrr wide streams, 
and high np on the rocky faces of her loftiest mountain*, 
snmo of the most valuable orchid* were found, luv ATI l * 
Kim TER, of Newtown, I ✓•on Island, one of the most widrly 
l ravelled orchid collector* of the time, is said to have wan- 
dered over a thousand miles np lire HfaliiUH|Mttra Hirer iu 
search of a single rare specimen, and its discovery paid 
him well for his time aud trouble. 

—Tire Ireya at Rugby were made happy nut long ago 1-jr 
a visit from “Tom Brown." Jndge Tint * am Hl'UHUt, tire 
original of lire si' bool-boy hero, gave lire five hundred lads 
tn the school slay sermon, and then, ns it was Monday, tho 
hymn “On ware). Christian Roldrer,” wns snbsti luted for tl.o 
nsnnl cheers, ami lire boys sang with a vigor that nearly 
rained the roof. 

Among tbe qneerest of post-mortem gifts were tlie sil- 
ver phials which tbe Isie Dr. Ciuri.r* F. Heikrr. an re 
centric Baltimore physician, arranged to have distriluiU'd 
among his friend* after they hud Irecn filled with aulm 
from Ills cremated brely. 

-JtrUAN Ktx. the laudsenpe artist, has probably more 
strings to Ids liow thsu most men of his profession, lie 
not only paint* exquisitely in oils and water-color*. but lie 
also work* c loverly in hlaek anil white, ami is a skilful 
etcher. This is all the more remarkable Irecanse, while lie 
did not exactly “make biwlf." as the old negro mammy 
said, hr Uns from boyhood had to rely on bis own reMinrcc*. 
It wns the same old eonfilct between the father'* will nud 
tire son's getiin*. and tbe lad’s ambition won. Young Rrx, 
whose boyhood had Irerh spent in Vermont, drifted to Bun 
Franc iseo. where he pointed inm-ww ami signs, anil did floe 
interiiredecorationv till Ire had earned enough to strike ont 
in hi* chosen direction. Hi* progress was rapid, and now, 
alrhongh Ire l* yet a young man, h»« picture* arc *reu at 
the best exhibitions, and there is that demand for hi* work 
which cornea Ui a suuccaiful artist. 


260 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17* 


THE WAR IN CHILI. 

The nocesaity for a more ample protec- 
tion of Amcriran rights 10 Chill during U10 
present period of bloody revolution in that 
country influenced our Nay y Department 
recently to order tlic new cruiser .Si* AV*n- 
ritnu to proceed to those waters. She will 
tie Admiral Brown* flag-ship. and prolmhly 
will be joined in a short lime by lire Vhariet 
ton. another of the line steel cruisers. It In 
to American commerce specialty, rather than 
to the Individual right* of the very small 
number of our citixeiu milling in Chili, that 
this aubatantlal protection b necessary; and 
boaidoa this, the efficient maritime showing 
made there at tire moment by the different 
European powers renders it important for 
the United State* to have a naval representa- 
tion at hand capable of maintaining her posi- 
tion in tbu event of powlbiu complications. 

In the present revolution a good part of 
the navy ha* been on the side of the insur- 
gents ; and while they have lioen attacking 
the vast and poorly defended coast, the 
army, which ha* been more in sympathy 
with the government, have combated them 
from the land. The Chilian it brave and 
recklca* and emluriug as a warrior, and 
hence this Internal struggle ho* been both 
firroc anil obstinate, and i'l would seem that 
the end has not yet been reached 

Pisagua. one of the centres of the conflict, 
afford* a fair example of the average Chil- 
ian port town. Lying at the foot of a steep 
range of hill*. It present* n semicircular front 
to the sea, the waves washing up to die foun- 
dation* of die house*. The port is a some- 
what difficult one to make, hut war vrewlB 
would doubtless have little difficulty in de- 
stroying, widi a few shells. lire whole collec- 
U011 of wooden shanties which go to make 
up the town. 

President Balmaceda, who b directly re- 
sponsible for tbe deplorable state of affaire 
existing in Chili at present, was regarded in 
tbe early part of his administration os rather 
a model President. I*ast rear saw a com- 
plete change In hi* attitude, however; the 
relations between Coagrnw and himself be- 
came more and more strained: hi* dictatorial 
spirit began to manifest itself in his every ac- 
tion; and finally, in tbe exercise of bis right 
to nominate a successor, he nut the last straw 
on Chilian forbearance by bb determined at- 
tempt to foist on the people one Stan Puentes, 
a henchman of hi*, aud a universally uopop- 
uUr man. 

Tbe programme of the insurgents in the 
prreent revolution wo* die overthrow of die 
government forces, (be ejection of Raima, 
coda from die Presidency, and then tbe hold- 
ing of new elecUons. They hare not been 
a We thus far to carry this out. Rulmacedu 
refuses to resign, and his desperate use and 
abuse of power, together with tbe fierce aud 
determined fighting of the insurgents, b pro- 
ducing dlrely troublous results, from which 
Chili will not recover ere a very long time 
W. V. Kkemer. 

TOE EUROPEAN POWDER- 
MINE. 

BY HTKP11EN BOX8AL. 



THE WAR CORRESPONDENTS HADOE. 


The ballot of die midnight assassin that 
misted Its billet In the person of Prime Min- 
ister 8 tarn bou loft last week in Botla came 
very near IguiUug die powder mine of south- 
eastern Europe-, and precipitating that war 
which, in the drastic language of Prince Bb- 
marck. will Mtgacr a Uane the notions that 
it invoivcH. It i* well within the province 
of practical politic* to conjecture n* to die 
effect that the sudden removal of M. Stain- 
bouloff from tbe scene of ills strange and 
strenuous career would hare upon tbe peace 
of Europe, and bow very far from being rc- 



IMHNCK KRItlllNANH. 



VIEW OP PIHAOrA, CH1I.I, WHIRR TUI CIVIL WAR 18 OOlXli ON -Daaws sr Cs.si.n. duau «... Paor-wa.r. 


moto diis possibility Is. the Incident of Inst 
week in the Rulgarian canilal. and tbn aasas- 
sination hr mistake of Minister Bcltcheff as 
be walked by tbe premier's side, Ixit loo 
clearly sliows’ It I* a difficult problem, and 
one that keeps tbe statesmen of southeastern 
Europe awake o'er night*. 

What the action of the Tsar would lie in 
case of the removal of Ills sturdy enemy 
from die scene is the unknown fpisnlily in 
the political game. When we recall, how- 
ever, tint one hundred thousand Russian 
soldiers are sleeping In (he black Bulgarian 
land between tbe Danube and the Moritzs, 
that every man. woman, and child in tbe 
principality has enu the Hussion govern- 
ment a thousand roubles, that nations do not 
light in this century for n sentiment, and 
dial the inevitable occupation of Stambuul 
by die Russians is wcUoigh impossible 


hamlet, and the gratitude for the eraancipn 
lion bus survived the somewhat unskilful 
diplomacy of M. de Gieni during the lost de- 
code. 

Tire attitude of Austria to the Bulgarian 
question is more clearly defined. Stambou- 
loff encourages bb ami- Russian adherents hv 
raying, whenever he makes a speech, that 
Austria. Italy. nnd England by secret Irealy 
hove entered into a compact to maintain the 
Integrity of tire principality. Certainly it is 
very near to tbe heart of every Austrian, nnd 
aliurc all to every lluacarian. that Slnmbou 
loff. with Ilia ami Russian policy, should re- 
main in power The statesmen of the Ball, 
hau* l*1atr. In Vienna rarely make speeches; 
but when Urey do. they never fail to assert 
tlmt Austria lias long 'since abandoned lire 
traditional />r«ny mtril (Men Imarch to tbe 
East)of the llaptburg dy natty ; dial Austria 



MAJOR CONSTANTINS PAXITZA. AS COMMANDER OP THE MACEDONIAN IKKEntLlKS. 


should the little principality on tbelr flank 
he in the hands of any hut devoted Husui 
phile*. It arenas safe to say that (lie action of 
the Tsar's government is likely to be vigor 
ou«: In fact, result in Invnsloa. 

liulgnnsn officers migtil lie found to lead 
their troop* against the Ku**t»os. hut not a 
single soldier would follow the standards. I 
do not make this sweeping statement merely 
ns tire result of mv own oWnritlinns in Bul- 
garia. I have it front the iu<^t Russophobe 
officers in Ibr army that while tire troop* 
would light nnd give a good account of tbeni- 
selves against the Austrian* or the Horviana, 
nut a single druschina could bu relied upon 
to meet the Russian*. The memory of tire 
Tsar Liberator still lives iu every Bulgarian 


does not covet Aalonicn and the Albanian- 
Macedonian sew strip of land lying between 
till* port nnd lire 1 1. rxegovinu. They claim 
also that Austria's interest in Bulgaria is pure- 
ly Platonic: but three statements hare never 
been very successful in carrying Conviction, 
especially in the Huikiui*. w here convict Inn 
*u most deal rod. 

F-vst summer, when the nenro of the Pa 
niint eon* piracy wa» fresh iu every mind, 
CmiDt Kalnuky, lire Foreign Minister of the 
dual monarchy, showed his hand. Speaking 
to the joint delegations from the Austrian 
and the Hungarian Parliament*, he said. " If 
a single Russian noldicr invades Bulgaria. 
Austria will consider it a eonu MU." 

Btamfaouloff dead, Prince Ferdinand would 


have to lcarc Bulgnria with very little bar 
gage; the Grand Habmtiia would choose Wak 
deniar, of Denmark. Prince of Bulgaria itit 
Tsar hating officially withdrawn hi* obyc- 
tions to tbe candidacy of bl* brolber ic-lsw 
since tire death of Dadian.of Mingrelis). sid 
Austria would have to light, or once fur & 
give up it* ambition* d minis of Irecnmii-i 1 
rival power to Russia In tbe Slavic world 
Hu-lun Nicolof Slam houloff. who since l*hl 
ha* shaped, more tliau any other man. tl» 
drstinir* of tbe turbulent Balkan peuilit'-i 
claims to tie n fatalist. In bb heart Ire mu* 
confess that Ire ha* been greatly favored hr 
the Fateful Three. Since hi* wveutretili 
year, w hen lie ran away from a theological 
seminary In Odctta. where he wo* being rdu 
rated for lire priesthood, he has been tie 
beni of plots ami of counlerplola. of dariiu 
adventure* ami of hair breadth eacapes.uniil 
now. a* lie looks about him, scarcely ecterili 
upon hi* thirty-eighth year, there doe* r» ; 
remain a single comrade of the patriot laid 
who. with Lillian Knraveloff to lend, and with 
M. Kittkoff nnd tbe ilwmw Pnnaiavhu 1 
supply the sinews of revolutionary warts* 
coniuienced. iu 1SJ0, tire crusade agniust (U 
Creaccnt, which led to the atrocities enir- 
miltcxl hy tire I’otnak highlanders lire Hum-* 
Turkish wur. nnd the einunci|Mition of l hii* 
linn Bulgariu from the mastery of lire <Mt> 
inan Turk. Home of H-tamhouloff a om 
rude* died as Bulgaria:) volunteers in 1b 
war Home, sad to relate, have been mi 
into exile with I be sign -manual of tlreirqtxtr 
dam friend and comrade. Btanibouluff . up-t 
tire warrant of tbeir famishment. Some hie 
been broken In heart and spirit by tin- twei 
nailo— such us IVtko Knrnvi-ioiT — admin ~ 
tcred by StambooMTa order: some by Imr 
imprisonment in the Illaek Muscpie, liar lb 
ter Stanch- -IT Oilier* have been *li-t f-r 
treason us Koala l’nnitxn. t bough in hb bves* 
there ludged already a score of bullet* WW> 
in fighting for the father land, 

rtf all tire land St unit m>uI< -IT alone surnm 
with a smite U|-nn his face llml would arefi 
to Indicate a quiet conscience, an auibitl-w 

(IWInnft m XV tttl 



STEPAN RTAMnOTLAPP, PREMIER Or 
Ht'U.ARIA. 


Digitized t 



»MtU- 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


261 


it. ital. 



wo* n soldiers well-worn 
blue overcoat. Ah be 

stepped oil liic long w Ind- 
ent’ of liark ana drift- 
wood w lib'li showed Ibo 
spring higli-watcr mark, 
he wax greeted effusively by a man probably li fly years old, 
who had u Aery n-il n«*e. n watery eye. awl an unsteady 
hand. It wax "'Old Pap” Harkins, the town drunkard Old 
Pap addremed the Younger man as "Shorty,'’ and seemed 
to tic well acquainted with him — as indeed he was, the young- 
er mail having Us-ti there in the bur vest the year before. 

"I wax expectin' you. Shorty." said the old ronn in* be 
shook bis band; " an’ I've got a Job all ready an' wallin' fer 
you. An' that ain't all; but, first, Shorty, we will drink— 
we will imbibe. ' 

Shorty ex pressed his willingness to drink, to imbibe; awl 
after some difficulty they found u liquisr saloon which was 
not so crowded with men that they could not reach the bar. 
and proceeded to enrry the Him Into execution. When they 
hod finished, and Shorty had paid— for lire old man, after one 
or two weak awl abortive attempt* nt searching hi* pockets, 
mumbled something about being " short "-Old Pup explain- 
ed that the "job " was out at Jim Baldwin’s place on Lotio 
Mmiml Praine, and that ho (Old Pap) was going to work 
tlnm too. Shorty expressed hi* pleasure at this, and thanked 
llie ohl mnn for Ills kindness. 

"Alt' another thing, Sliortv. you'll be tickled to know.” 
went on Old Pap; “ my daughter Km line is a-lrardin' there. 
She's nU-schin' the sdinol In that dislric’. au’a boardin' at 
old Jim Hnhlwin's. You never semi her. but you'll like her. 
You'll fall in love with that air girl, I hough that won't do 
you much good, 'cause I reckon Hank Perkins— dep'ty 
sheriff, you mut-mlier— is ahead of you. But You'll like 
Em'llne; she’s got her mother's temper, hut she * got my 
brains.” 

Shorty assured the old mnn. awkwardly but honestly, that 
there could be no question a* to her uhilily if she had her 
father's brains, but that personally ho “didn't go in much an 
the women." awl that lie oared not for the progress that Ilank 
Perkin* had inode *4 Emetine's affections. 1110 ohl man pro- 
p* wed another drink, and mode another feint at bis pockets, 
after which Shorty announced hit Intention of walking nut 
to the place w here the work awaited them. To thb Old Pap 
objected with great rigor. Ids idea being that Jim Baldwin 
would Ui iu town in u day or two, and take Ibetu out lu Lb 
wagon, 

"Of course.” said Shorty, "you know what's best about 
everything bcttcr'n me; tail 1 guess I'll walk along out that 
war. Might somebody rise get the job, or something.'* 

Tire old man was visibly mured, lie bad plaoned a long, 
delicious season of inebriation on Shorty's money. Blit his 
eloquence hud no effect on the young man. who at last, while 
still admitting with evident sincerity that bis companion was 
right, sw ung his carpet sack over his shoulder on the end of 
a slick and started. He bnd gone hut a few stepa when the 
ohl man called to him. awl said that be would accompany 
him. So together they went out of tli« town, and up the 
long ravine leading to the pmlrlc country beyond, Suorly 
misting the old man's appeal for a final drink, while readily 
admitting its great desirability. 

It was six miles to Baldwin^ farm, mostly up hill, and 
the light awl buoyaut slew of the young man was In striking 
cun I mil to the heavy and uncertain trend of the other. The 
rood wound arouod through what In the Southwest would 
called a cnitun. The rocks rose in some places to a great 
height clow to Lite road, and on top of the hluffa. which 
were level with the prairie, the trees could be wen waving 
in the summer wind, uufelt below. The sun was hot, and 
the stunted ftve-pelalcd wild macs by the side of the ruad 
looked dusty and disheartened, though the delicate hlue hare- 
bells hung over the driest hanks, anil nodded in the faintest 
lireath of air. and seemed to enjoy the heat and dint. Shorty 
picked a n»c ami put it in bis straw lint, greatlv to the dis- 
gust of Old Pap. Indeed, the vegetable kingdom did not 
move the old man. though he did notice same mint by the 
end of a little livid**. ami remarked lliat he had mot it in 
iulrps. Nor did he enjoy tile scenery; nt one time, with a 
kingly sweep of lib hand, which included a giant bluff, a 
hundred ncres of timber, and a sparkling stream, lie an- 
nounced thni be would give it all for uoe drink of whiskey 
Since no part of It was bis. it will be seen that he was Dot 
tho prodigal he sreniL-d. Short v took many sly glances nt 
the scenery, but prudently kept fiis admiration of it to him- 
seif, knowing that, since the ruse incident, he waa already 


IT w#g twenty years ago, ami Minnesota was, 
a in the glowing words of the St. Paul 

editorial wriier, *lho wheat garden 
of the worbL" It might also he add- 
ed that it was the “sportsman's para- 
dise " mid that it possessed the " most 
healthful climate on Ond’s foot- 
stool"; hut this is not to I lie pur- 
pose. Wheat was the In-ginning ami 
the cml of the Mate. Nothing was known but wheat; 
eight men out of ten grew wlreat; one of the other* bought 
wheal and shipped wheat, and lire last got his living out 
of wheat in some way. Whether the soil would nroduco 
tiny thing hut wheat, nobody knew or cared. It did pro- 
* • wheat, ami wheat brought a good price, and why 


procession of flowers, from tin- pu-que llower beside tho 
snow bank in the spring to the waving wiki sunflower de- 
fying the first snow storm in lire fall, ami including the 
violet, tire rose, tire lily, the golden rod — lire Inst of the great 
prairie, with its lung gray* and howl nut bualres, bad been 
•' broken '* up. ami the rich soil lav all before the farmer. 
He bail only to scatter the seed wheat on lire durk. dismal 
fields In April, ami in May they were of n delicate fragile 
green, which grew into u rich dark green in June, ami Into a 
richer golden in July, ami brought at the beginning of Au- 
gust acres upon acre* uf waving grain almost white, almost 
ns lull an a man. wl-Jt the bend* trending under tire weight of 
l Im> precious kernels w llhiii, ami w hlcb, w hen harvested, would 
produce twenty-five nr thirty. somrtimes forty, bushels to the 
acre. Tire lair, dreamy prairie with it* flower* was gone— 
only the row* lingered in tire wheat -hut in ita place wax 
smoothing of more practical use to the settlers who hud 
flocked Into the new Northwest. 

And to barren the wheat tlrere enure every summer a vast 
army of men— an army as heterogeneous a* anr ewer gntlrerrd 
together under tire suu. Perhaps the small farmer or farm 
cr a aon from Wisconsin or Iowa or Illinois was tire most 
numerous type. Tlrere were. loo. great numbers of MiiaLs- 
trip pi Hirer men— steam boot men and raftsmen— usually un- 
lovable specimens uf huinnnily, who curried bowie knives in 
their pockets and affected brass knuckles after dark; me- 
chanics and others from the towns mid cities, attracted by 
the high wages paid lot the few week* of liarvest; college 
students, teacher*, ami even young lawyers amt other pro 
fraxioual men. brought out by tire wmc reason; many who 
uppruaclred or actually In-longed to the vagrant dare, and 
u ho never worked at any other season at anything, as well 
ns a good sprinkling of thieve* nml gamblers, who dill not 
even work at that season except at their profession*, which, 
though somrtimes nnluous. do so little to uphold the true 
dignity of lalior. It wax not n reflired crowd. Even tin- in- 
dividual members who might poreere refinement usually 
laid it carefully aside till after harvest. It was a sociable 


which Ire would never have achieved himself. Ami in re- 
turn the man of log* gave to the man of books a piciu- 
rowjui-lH** in tire oaths of his native longue which the ed ti- 
nt led mind of tire latter could never have evolved, No ec- 
centric individual ever arose and advanced the novel prop- 
nailioii that profanity ami whiskey were not csrential to 
tho continued supremacy of tire human race on the planet. 
Half of the men had been in the army in tire recent war. 
null while it mav have cultivated that tlenrest virtue of a 
free people, patriot ism. It had also given mod of them a 
proficiency in the use of chewing tohncco ami of playing 
card* wlik-h tlrey would never liavo oMnim-d elsewhere. 

This great horde descended upon the Stale chiefly from 
the Missisdiipi River (team- boats. One day in 1*00 the 
phr foigt* lamletl three hundred men at one town— I.ake 
City. <•» another day the next year— on the 30th of July, 
1870. to la- exact — the /kite of Ktokuk brought two hundred. 
As they filed dowu the gang plank, and wadixl through the 
■anti on tire kvec. ibrre was among tliem a boyish looking 
young man, sluirt uf stature and real uf hair, with an honest 
face and a quick, impulsive air. He enrrictl an ancient ami 
battered carp i sack iu one baud, and uuder his other arm 


low enough In Old Pap's 
tire dust, runted as Here. 

mail, Uli sLhji 1 1 four o'clock, when they arrived at their des- 
tination. After some little conversation witli Baldwin, Old 
Pap propowri Introducing Shorty to liis daughter. To Ibis 
Shorty objected, preferring to help Baldwin nt getting the 
reaper ready for work; hut the other Insisted, and Anally 
draggrd him to the front porrh. where his daughter, who 
had just returned from her school, wax sitting. 

“Em'llne," told Old Piip, "le' me present my friend 


"I'll be— That Is, I dun'no," replied Old Pap. feebly, 
beginning an irrelevant search of his pockets, as if in tfce 
desperate hope of dragging mil hi* friend's family record. 

Shorty stood for udcc with his face redder than his hair. 
"You ft*.” ho stammered, addressing himself first to Old 
Pap. ami getting no attention, ami tlren to a large Lombardy 
poplar-tret- which stood near—" you aw. it ain't really my 
name at all. but it's what ror friends call me ‘cause I'm short. 
I've got a name reg'lar like* other folks, which I could tell If 
aoy body wanted to know it ever; hut it ain't Uu importance 
partic'larly, an' I'm more used to Shorty, if it's all tire same 
to vou." 

Tire Lombardy poplar made no reply, hut Kmeline said 
ibat she was "happy to meet him," and Slrerty Ml down on 
the low porch and dug Ids heels into the ground. 

"You see. Em'line, that Shorty— Shorty 'u' me.” began 
Old Pup — "Shorty 'n' me Is — " 

"Don't make a fool of yourself, now, po," said his 
daughter. 

"Wasn't goin' to.” answered Old Pap; but he subsided in 
a chair, only m uttering something about her “liein' like her 
mother, "with some unintelligible rumbling*, which included 
the word " brains” and a smothered oath, after which lie 
dropped off to sleep, and snored aggressively. 

Erne! I ire was a tall and stately girl of some eighteen years. 
Her cheek* were red and she was handsome, though she did 
not show any remarkable evidence of refinement of feeling 
or depth of intelligence. Hhe had the air of considering her- 
self ill used by the world in general, nml by her father lu 
particular; and no doubt in her father's case she waa right 
enough, (hough she might have kept the fact more to her- 
self. She was clearly selfish. With Old Pap dreaming of a 
land wlrere a Mississippi of whbkry ever mllrd onward 
through a valley of mint toward a billowy tu-a or Jamaica 
rum. with tSulf Streams of limpid Holland gin, tire convert*- 


Iv, though a disinterested special 

that be occasionally stole an admiring glance at the stately 
beauty in the rocking-chair. Among other brilliant stroke* 
of mnvcraatiounl genius. Shorty asktd the Lombardy bow it 
liked teuching school. No reiilr aiming from that ouarter 
the lady answered that she d 


ibvc observed 


lion lagged. Shorty kept his attention chiefly on the Lom- 
nl|'. though a disinterested spectator would hi 

tty it 

il tea 

.lady 

"I don't like children." she added; "they make roe ner- 


vous. Do you like them, Mr. Shorty!” sire asked. 

"Oh — er — no; of course not — ibej — they — well, (bey 


make nu nervous, too," answered Shorty, thereby Idling a 
lie which even the Lombardy should liavo been aide to 
detect, for ho delighted in children, aud they In him. 


Further conversation revealed the fact that the ludy found 
the neighborhood dull, and the people uninteresting, and 
that she preferred life iu the town. She would not, she ex- 
plained, have liven leaching at all. had It not been for the 
evident and unfortunate failing of her father. At this Shorty 
ventured the suggestion that the "old man meant well"; but 
EmeliDe only tiwui her head, and remarked that that mode 
it no easier tor her. At this point Old Pap, reselling with 
an immense Indie to dip up a monster drink from lire Mis- 
sissippi of his dreams, pitched forward in his chair and 
awoke, and fire o'clock supper being announced, they all 
went into the house. 

Tire next morning the harvest hegan. 
day of "self binders," and tire wheat w 


It was before the 

. ■ cut with a reaper, 

which swept off enough grain every fow yards for n slreaf, 
and left It on the ground. This wa< hound up by Hie nirn 
following on foot with hand* made of the straw itself, One 
man could bind about a fifth of tire distance around tire field 
while lire reaper waa making tliv circuit once. Accordingly 


caught by the reaper before his station was "hound o__ 
was the highest disgrace; Shorty would have died first. 
The rest of the " crew ” consisted of a big Scotchman, 


262 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. m* 


nix fret four inches tnll, named Malcolm: a 
young man named Stewart, recently grad- 
iutnl from Bowdran College, who was ho 
densely ignorant at Ural Hut lie could not 
"make » baud." who had drifted West in 
the search nf adventure, and was gelling it; 
a well-educated l’nle who revealed no Boron 
beyond that of John, who came of « good 
Warsaw family, and had lived la Vienna. 
Berlin, and Purl*. iuid who hiul beeu exiled 
for pnlitirul reasons, ami who. though his 
English wan limited, sat in the shade nt mum 
and rend a well worn copy of Homer in tire 
oriental: and a light-haired. blue eyed Swede 
named Carl Carlson, who wsa raving his 
money to send for hi* father and mother 
and his six brothers and seven sisters, who 
lived on u Utile farm near Avcsud, in ilie 
old country. This made up the binders As 
for Old l*ap, be wux hardly equal 10 Ibis 
work, and attended to tint "shocking"; ibui 
is, the sUmling up of tlie shesves. fifteen or 
twenty In a place, "capped'* with two or 
thrre other shoaves Is-nt into proper shape 
to kewejs out the rain mid s'tn. lie was ns- 
m«k»I bv an open-mouthed boy known 
" Mr. Thampwan." wlio had a wild, untamed 
air. which convinced the beholder tlml be 
could only be approached on a awlfl home. 
Baldwin blnwclf drove the rr.i|s-r uud drove 
it with great earnest new, and ceuisequently 
It was remarkably hard work for the men to 
get their stations bound in time am) keep 
mil of bis way. Work as they might, n* they 
nrand the rnd of the «talion the Jehu like 
Baldwin would la? close liebind. Indeed, 
Baldwin liHil the reputation of making bis 
men work binder Ilian any Ollier farmer In 
tire neighborhood. Nor was Ire a man with 
any charily in bis soul, so it Ih not surpris- 
ing tllal Old Pap was ignocninioiwly dis- 
i lunged an the third day for iDcuinjieteticv . 
There tit trouble when he went away alswit 
bis pay. and Baldwin, in high word-, ordered 
lum not to come nenr the place again. A« 
he turned to go. the old man east a revenge- 
ful look at Buldwin, and went duv* n the road, 
muttering threats, lie got work from a less 
exacting neighbor, and seldom paused, ex- 
cept whm sloping, in Hurling imprecation* 
at Baldwin. 

Thus the harvest wore dowlv away, For 
thirteen nr fourteen hours, day after day, the 
men toiled around the fields through the 
thick stubble, with the hot mill continent 
sun pouting down front a cloudless sky. 
There is no hvrder work known lo the dia- 
bolical ingenuity of man Stewart. Ike able 
Bowdoin alumnus, carlv succumbed to the 
lost, and was succeeded by a lota cultivated 
but more robust workman. ’ Finally tlsc grain 
became ao ripe and brittle that it could not 
be bound at all in tint middle of the day, when 
It was dti«*t. and the men rose at the first 
faint touch of light III lliu east ami t»'gsu 
work, and at night kept it up by the light 
of the full moon till leu or eleven o'clock. 
At last the harvest, or at least the grain cut- 
ting. was finished. It was Saturday night, 
and the next day Shorty put on his best 
clothe* and rested— something he had not 
been able to do OO the two preceding Sun- 
days. owing to thr almilulr Di-n-wity, in the 
judgment of Baldwin, of working nt least 
•revest day* every week during harvest. But 
it was the hardest Sunday for poor Shorty, 
after all; for ho met F.mrline out in this 
yard, where site aat ill a swing. and said wine 
vastly Important things, in bt* own mind, 
to her. and not lieing accustom'd lo it. amt 
not getting the replies be wished. it wa* muc h 
harder for him than binding his station would 
have beta. He tohl her (In was extremely 
awkward about it) of bis little Wisconsin 
fsrin in Trempealeau Count y.utid of the bouse 
OO it lit was nil very foolish in Shorty, of 
course i, and bow he uad hum I*- a little home 
there, hut lacked one very import ant thing— 
very foolish, certainly, in icon* Shorty, hut 
moii are no apt to bit fnolbh in this way 
Kmc line did not luclgli at him— site saw no- 
thing to laugh at: it seemed the most natu- 
ral tiling in lire world that lie should fall in 
love w ith her. and »ho only wondered why 
the other* had not done so list But she told 
him, in a calm tone, that it could Dot bf. The 
look of aadaow dorprnrd on tire honest, sun- 
burned face of Shorty as be gated pleadingly 
into the eye* of the girl before him and saw 
no hope. Then lie ks>ked away at the dis- 
tant Icon/on an If half in a dream, and tnnr- 
murod something about "inkin’ good care of 
her." a oil l lieu added that he s’potred she was 
right, and that shit knew best, and that it was 
something Ire knew nothing about; and then 
he apologized. awkwardly but sincerely for 
w but be ha>l done, -Mid walked away nieelmtl- 
irnlly to lire barn, where be climbed up in the 
mow and lay very Mill on the bay, with his 
nrm* folded over his eyes, till the stars nunc 
out. ami be could hear n whip-poor-will 
among tbs oaks around Lone Mi.m.tl. 

The next morning the piling upof the grain 
in great stack* was actively iiegun. Slowly 
■Ini liis share of the work, ami did it well, u* 
m»ub 1, He saw Emetine every day, lad. 
though he spoke to Irer. half < lieerfully, half 
sorrowfully, he did not Mop to latk any length 
of lime, tin Friday her school chared for the 
term. Perkins, the man that Old Pap bad 
mentioned, drove out from town , intending to 
lake her back to her home In the evening. 
That aftcrnisin the machine which was lo 
tlira-di out Baldwin's grain came to his place, 
with its eighteen or twenty men and dozen 
teams of horses. TJrere was one "setting" 
of half a dozen stacks of wheel jus* back of 
the born, and here the thrashing machine was 
Cist placed. Toward night it was started, 


and It ran two or three hours, pouring out a 
reddish golden strram — the predou* kcnrela 
which had lieen toiled for since early spring. 
When it grew too dark to work, the men 
stoiiped tad weal lata the lioism (W nnw 
Baldwin lilimrlf lingrrcd behind th<- others 
near the hum. As be did so. Old Psp Sud 
droly staggsrvd out of the shadow of a corn- 
crib and approached him. lie bad been dlluk- 
ing. as usual 

"Jim Baldwin," he said, "I want my 
money ” 

•• I don’t owe you none." growlnl Baldwin. 

" You lie." cried lire old man, with a sud- 
den ticroenrwi horn of the liquor. "you owe 
ure a dollar.” 

Baldwin struck him a blow on tbr chock 
which knocked him down. Tire old man 
sprang up and varied toward the other; then 
realizing his weak tress, he stepjicd back ami 
said: 

• D you! Ill make you wish yuu 

hadn't a-dooe that." 

•' Yus, no doubt, ' answered Baldwin, with 

Uld Pap turned nnd went toward the rend, 
and Baldwin entered the bouse. Twenty 
DiinuCes later, as tire men were finishing their 
supper, there wts* a cry of "lire ” from sinw 
one outside. The turn rushed out The 
wheat Mack* were blazing about the thrash- 
ing machine. Even thu! wits on fire. They 
run to the place, treaded by Baldw in Inj£e 
lighl from the blazing straw a man was seen 
burr) lug away Tire others began to light 
the tire, but Baldwin ruxlred after the retreat- 
ing figure. He soon ovAtonk It. It was 
Old I'up. He turned when Baldwin came up. 

"I told you you'd be sorry fer it," he aid; 
bill he was lieginning to tremble. 

Bald win reached to scire hbn. Old I'up 
raised a heavy riveting hammer which Ire bad 
col at the machine, ami struck him «n the 
head. Baldwin fell nt his feet. The old 
man dropped Ibe trammer, unit stood tram 
hllug abuse his fallen foe. with the tears or 
weakness, if not of remorse, running down 
hi* checks. Mali »dm and another man tame 
up and wiled hold of him. 

" He won't die, w ill he S’” asked Old I*»p. in 
a whining tone. 

Malmlm examined him. ' ' He's dcud now,” 
replied die raftsman. "Come on with tw .** 

Tlic-y lid tlic old mail lo near tire liam. 
At that moment Perkins ami Eiuellnc drove 
into the yard in his earrings. 

•' Here. "said Malcolm lo Perkins: "yuu'n! 
iui officer Better take care of him. " 

Perkins jumped out of the carriage, aud 
nervously took OW I*ap by the arm Kim - 
Hiic came up. and inquired what her father 
bad done Malcolm briefly explained, sire 
wrong her hands, and bulf the sclfishnca* 
vanished from her fate 

" Be gvntlc w ith him, Henry," *bu said to 
Perkins. 

" Yea, Emma," lie answered 

"Better lock him in the granary." said 
Malcolm, "and help us bring in what's left 
of Baldwin." 

Perkin* followed the suggestion, and they 
carried the body into the house, while Emclinc 
Mood beneath * giant wlHow-trec near tire 
well, with the tierce red light of Lbe llamcs 
ou her pale face. 

Under lire direction of Maxwell, the man 
who owned the thrashing machine, lbs nren 
worked bard for half an hour lo save it. but 
they failed. Thirty ur forty men from neigh- 
boring farm* cans and worked with the oth- 
ers. At last lbe flumes began to die down, 
and the sparks no longer row up through the 
still air like a great pillar of fire. 

Maxwell was half crated over the leas of 
bis machine —a new one which secured worth 
a fortune to hint. 

The men were all excited. " He's a mur- 
derer." said some one in the crowd, in a low 
hut tli m voice, "He ought to have what’s 
good for murderers." 

" He will, loo." raid Maxwell, with bU teeth 
set ' 1 We'll lynch him right here, if were 
■MO.” 

A mnn produced a rope which he had been 
holding toiled up Iwbiud him for five min- 
ute*, ami tossed tt carelessly before Maxwell. 
It was seen I but it was already provided with 
u hangman's noose 

“ We must stand togcllrer." said Maxwell. 

They turned toward tire granary. Perkins 
stood it few yards in front of it with n re- 
volver in his baud. Shorty had been in the 
crowd lighting the Are, but he was not with 
it now. 

" We want that man iu tho granary," said 
Maxwell. 

There wa* a sharp, shrill cry, and Emclinc, 
with all of the *rl tidiness gone out of her 
face, rushed wildly forward and pushed Max- 
well bock. Two men. ncighlsirs. took her 
by the arm-, and w ith ao effort. but as gently 
ns poMiblc. forced her buck, but could get 
her tio further tbnn the willow tree, under 
which the shadows were now playing lilde- 
nnd seek as the lire flushed up anil died away. 

"D'yt Irearr We want him." said Max- 
well. 

“You can’t have him," answered Perkins. 

Then well have you." said Maxwell, 
with an until . as lie drew a pistol and pointed 
it at the deputy. He walked forward, with 
the otlrer* at In* buck Perk Ills did not rah*' 

his weapon. Maxwell pressed his pistol al- 
most in bx* face. " Give u* that key, or 111 
shoot, "he will. 

Perkin- reuelied in his puckel with his oth- 
er hand, drew out the key, threw it at Max- 
well's feet, ami turned away, with his face 
white! aod his limlm trembling. Maxwell 


stooped to pick up the key. At thxt irurtar.t 
Shorty stepp'd from lbe black shadow uf tho 
granary, with a gun in bis bund*. 

"Don't oome no iww." lie said, os lie 
faced the crowd, with Id* back agoinol the 
locked door. Heoocfced the gun. and held it 
toward the men " I'll shoot the man that 
Lakes the first forward step." 

Tire file-light shone on hi* face, pale hot 
firm. For fully two minutes he looked 
straight into the eyes of the men, uud said 
nothing No one moved. Even Emrlinc 
leased to struggle brutal 1 1 Ibe willow. Thru 
he said, with a little r.f hi* old reflective, de- 
preciatory air, hut still firmly: 

" Of course you could fix me after that— I 
'ain't got but one loud— hut the man that 
take* tbc/raf »(ep will be shot an' killed. 1 
knowhow lode it ' Hr waited fully am ilhcr 
two tniuults. when be said, with almost a 
smile. " Court* there ain't no objection* to 
you rsteppin’ bock 'anU much as you Want to." 

There was a pause, then t arlsnii. the fimedo, 
turned ami walked lock lo lire unimldering 
fire; two men followed bun; then half a doz- 
en; then a dozen, then there wa* a general 
lark “ lint movement. Even Malcolm w ent, 
but with I xul grace. Maxwell aJouc stood 
his ground. 

"loud lietter go tea). "said Bhorty. 

'• I) the coward*!" raid Maxwell, nnd 

he turned and went over to the others. 

Perkins." said Shorty, ‘ • Kuul the old man 
in your buggy, an' drive to Luke City an' 
put him in the jail quick a* you can " 

Perkin* come forwnrd, picked up the key, 
ami opened tire door, old Pap crouched 
in one corner, stupid with fear. IVrkina 
drugged bim out. almost carried bim to lbe 
carriage, lifted him in, and drove rapidly 
away. The nreu slunk out of sight, most of 
them glad that they were so well out of 
what would have Iwn a Isul job. Tire 
flames had died away, leaving great glowing 
minimi* where each stark Miami, ml. but 
with a net- work of black, like lace, gathering 
over them. They still made it fairly light 
Kiutdine runic forward to where Shorly 
Mood. Tin-re wen- team in Irer eye*. She 
put out her hand to him ami as Shorty took 
it, his own hand trembl'd. 

" Shorly." she said, "you know I thunk 
yon very, very much." 

" Don't talk about it." lie replied; "don't 
ray anything about it." lie jsiuw-d, and 
looked in her face Then he raid. " 1 i pus 
you don't feel any different about what I 
was talkin' ’bout?" 

"Oh. Shorty!" slie answered, a* the tears 
eame to luer eyes afrrah, " 1—1 could never 
love you. I wish I could.” 

H* leaned OV*C ami kissed her on the fore- 
head. Tlren he rclmatd her hand iuid said: 
" I didn't much s'jxrar you did, but I thought 
I’d speak about u. I boned you did. that 
wa* all. I mull go away from here. Prob- 
bly it's all fer the beat; 'ukwi ev'rythlng iu. 
]>•»*!, that's my experience. You are right; 
don't mind me. Good nigbt, Em'line ; good- 
by!" 

He turned uud walked down the shudrr] 
lane, with liis eyes full of tears. He went up 
the nrad to tbe west uud uway into the dark 
nr*K, ami never came back to Luue Mound 
Prairie. 

And no one at I*me Mound ever knew 
wliat renlly became of Shorty But gra<tuallv 
tlure grew up various myths and h-gi-mu 
•bout him. It was ditcovered tltat Ire never 
went buck to hi* furni in TremjH-uh-au. ami 
his friends and few relatives l Ire re knew no 
more atxml hi* fate- than did tire g.is*i|i> of 
Irene Mound Uncle Hlraui llanka, oldest 
Inhuhilaut, 1 or ul historian, and privileged tiar. 
always held that he weui to Denver, look to 
drink, ami Anally died a wreck; hut l uclo 
Hiram hail tiulhltig to buse this onexrrpt his 
imagination. Still, this wa* a favorite- theo- 
ry with the pcraiiuUu. while the optimist* 
Clung to lire idea of the local pu|ier at Luke 
City which bekl that bo drifted to Dakota, 
went into politics, and finally entered lire 
I.cgiiUturc. and mwlc a great speech ou ad- 
miraion and division, and denounced the 
government at WaahiQglOB in good set 
terms; hut there was no proof of this either. 
Others held that he went down Hue river on a 
lumber raft, and tire next winter wont Into 
the pineries on the upper Cltippewa. and 
while he wan there, a fellow-chopper fell sick 
of thu Hmall (Mix. and Shorty went into u log 
cabin a mile from tire (Wrap, and nursed him 
alone; and tbe mail lived, and wr-nt after 
innliriiu- for Hborty, who bail taken the dU- 
tMli and when lbe man got hark, tire gTMt 
pines were singing it requiem up above tire 
cabin, for Shorty hud died alone, and thu 
snow bad sifted in and blown across lire bed. 
But there was only slightly mnn.' proof nf this 
than of the other tbuortas, so to this day tire 
only certain thing ulsiut hint is, a* I sat'd be- 
fore, Dust In- Went away up lbe uud in ibe 
darkness, and never cuuhi buck to Lone 
Mound. 

TUE EUROPEAN POWDER-MINE, 

lOnrtnwsl/Vviniwjs WL| 

Hint is weDnigh rati shod, and h inngnifirent 
coDfidcuco in hi* star which cannot fall to 
imprera. lie luo- a coiMilulion of iron, and 
consjilerabht physu-al stn-ngtli. the happy 
heritage of die years of hardship and ex- 
posure ho spent will, the slieplrehls iu the 
Weak fustiM-rac* of the Balkan* after every 
unsuccessful revolution, with the Turkish 
xaplirhs on his bri-ls. juul wilh but u sltcep- 
skin h-twrtii him »im! Hie wtatirer— bt» 
duUiUtg by day, ami bis couch by mg hi. 


On reaching S,.fiu last June. 1 f-.und Uls 
“CUy of Wisdom," as umiM. Ilie head tru.^ 
ami the source of eunaril* which *rniu« „ r 
affright the world, and depresa or exhilarate 
the slock and grain umikeU The beat -». w 
inlolerable.alaKit 1 K/’Fabrctilreil iulbcRkute. 
hut the almnaphcrv of tbe politic*! world »*, 
still more torrid, btrausky and Sulsliaxte (f 
bail resigned from tbe mintteiy rather ihu. 
sign the death warrant of 1‘anilza; lmtSi» B ,. 
bouloff had prevailed with th« prince, sad 
the hero of the Serviiui war was shot, lath- 
ered to a tree, like a traitor, on (lie windy 
plain without tire city. Prince Fsfdtattd hnl 
gone U> CarUbad. bUtnbouloff wa* kouun 
vaguely to ho sourewbere ou the shorai of the 
Black Sea, the remaining ministers were w 
cruiting at the various tberuinl spring* teat, 
tend through Hu: Balkan*, and Bulgaria **, 
ruling It sell. 

Tbe town wa* thronged with tbe tunw 
aixuidetjls of world ncwn(Mi|rers. and a cimf.i- 
aion of tungtMs* n-ignoil in the cafu>. The 
t'V mintsters - ami Ua-irnameis kgiun— work 
tsl Ui rough tho early morning at the gmt 
Bulgarian dielUmary. w hi«-h is tire only memo 
of llvelihiMMl here fur |HjlitiriaDs nut of |s.* 
er. slept through tire noomUy hum. and in 
the evening assembled in the Cafe Paruu-hi.ff 
te. read tbe Ttttm and Jy r.-tn;- liy mean* >-4 
jKH'kel dietMxiarics. and mnclurUxt tbe even 
tog with checkers and liicktrack. tho while *> 
uiKsuuuiuninitiro a* M'hool* of flsb. Armv 
olflce-rs. looking very fresh and coal in tliev 
white duck unifomi*. wit slu>ut in Uie iiuMk 
garden, sipping auctvwsively glauaea of gr» n 
adioe. slivoviu ralii. uud Boutique, ami idl- 
ing in underteinea how grandly Kivsla Psiui 
z« hod led Ike Macedonian “ brigade of lion 
slit* " to the storming of Perot, which they 
captured at lbe putnl uf the yataghan, in 
tin- <-ool uf the evening tire newsfiaper " spt- 
d»l« " oouhl be *een giving tlidr Barb pons* 
gentle “bmlkere" on tire plain beneath 
snow-crested .Mount Wilush, preparing for 
tire hour when lbe news that the world wax 
awaiting would cons', that Siumhoiilofl *:u 
n-ras-insltd, tbal Ferdinand had abdicated, 
thxt the iiuk-ix-udcure of the prind|mlity had 
la-eti declared, or that tire Russians were 
cruaslug tire Danube— awaiting lbe gnwt 
news Hut would send Uwm out like a fllglK 
of hawks through the night ou a mail rare 
for the wire which clicircles tire world, and 
Which could ouly be intrusted snfrly with a 
dfspaicii at Perot, a hundred miles away, 
across the Servian frontier. 

Every morning there enure a -uqirise whtefa 
sent the "special " to his atable*. and every 
evening aurtre lulU-r dirappointraeul which 
sent him to U-d or to lire Isucarat table* 
Strange signs and symbols appeareil on tho 
politk-al horizon, but tbe great event bung 
fire. The little stunted willow where FY 
nktza had been shut began lo play an imp<<- 
tunt if nhjr-ctivr role in politics One morn- 
ing it displayed a buntter with a touching 
tribute to tin’ worth <»f tire patriot or trailer 
who had died bravely in its shadow Tiara 
followed on tire trext day another Ismn'r 
In-urine a threat ami n menace to tire life nf 
tbe prince. Tbe ofllclal and diplamaiic world 
waa nghxst to »ro waving from the willnw 
this block ominous buntter wilh the regirndoJ 
device, " Tint mi mi Imihi tU tuidi omtnt nt 
AVraoada '* (Tyrant! know here will Is- the 
grave of Ferdinand). Tli»-ti It was decided 
to cut -the tree down whirh bore such anti 
dynastic- fruit, but when tire twthlk-ra reached 
the plain with axe*, the willow had diaap 

The arrival of u Georgian prince and »n 
ex chant Itrrhun of Hie Great Whit* Twtr fur 
itidtcd ati amiislng interlude in tbe turn* 
sioa of more scnmi* tcares. With singularly 
tenacious Alia) j'lely, hr hod come, be claim- 
ed. to visit tire tombs of his ancestor* wi»o 
were sleeping in a cairn near Sofia. Their 
resting- plot* had been neglected by his fort 
fiUiicrs for more than a thousand years, h>it 
Ire bad conw to pul their resting place i* 
some rejMir, nnd plant a few rosebushes. 
But Hit- l'refet of Police parked him off to 
the frontier, rand au bud between gendarme*, 
w ilhout a* much u* a short delay for break 
fast. 

New* come* through slrangp channel* in 
Bulgaria As we alepl in the hotel, proclaim 
lions with mourning hands would flutter in 
through the fun. lights iu tbe most mysteri- 
ous ntanni-r. am) not rarely the "spccUr 
would find neatly lurked away to bU bool* 
without tire door the prophecy of a coining 
proniinrtainenio. In ojs-ra. at loast. thr Bar 
her of Seville is a remarkable group and 
agent of rumor; in real life Ids colleagaa of 
Sofia i* an inveterate dimeminalor of trews. 
He is at ■nice the stumbling block and lie 
staff of the "special." Ills new* ia rarely 
" ready for the wire," but ui tire same time 
hi* infurmution cannot be dispensed with 
A sign iu a dozen truiguc* in Mu. staphs? 
•imp lc)U that it "silent sluive." without 
convrrsalioii. croU but ten piaatrts; but Ihu 
go-wipy sliavc — wlildt MiteZapha advise*— 
with it rigarette’ and n« di-.wnt nf the 1*1- 
c*t |Miliii.-wl move, what Mu*lti|>ha bvwts 
from Yi.dis Khok, from Belgrade. Moscow 
or the Minister l*r«-»idrnt, the creamy Turk- 
ish coffee, with which tire canard t* wuhed 
down, and tbe ralitam with which tbe rather 
in li it 1 1 im it tteadireitl of your chin is graceful- 
ly rouudol off. crots thirty piastre*, and i* 
cheap ul lire price. 

One day at midnight 1 left SjDb lo cross 
tbe Bulkuits, untl tn-'-l M Sunibouloff in the 
vogue somewhere iu whicb. nrxordlng to lie' 
Foreign Offing In- “os nwaiting Hie luun-u 
uf eVculo, aud c jacjolly the Upshul ul tint 



April u, mi. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


26 It 


interview between the Tsar and the Ger- 
mto Emperor, which wn* soon to taka 
place at 1'eterbof. I liad iiuri'luucd lialf 
a dozen scraggy and sorrylnoking poule*. 
who, however, were reputed to climb 
mountains like gust*. and procured a guide 
who knew the Balkan* well 

By daybreak we reached the Balkans, uud 
aoon Ilia celebrated l’elrus A. in, or inn. 
Though I came with lei to re- patent from the 
Foreign Office. which Tryko diaplayod whit 
great pride to everybody we met, and would 
naturally hare been taken for a friend of 
Stanibouloff'* government, the sturdy pro- 
prietor of the nan replied to my qumilon a* 
to what the sentiment of the people toward 
Russia really was as follow*: 

“Uospodiue Amcrikanitz <Mr, American I, 
wr have not forgotten our I wave brother* 
who look away the tawthen fex. and gave u» 
the ChrittUn kalpnk to wear. When we 
pray, we pray for the *oul of the Tar Lib- 
erator. Qo*podine Amerikanilx, we love and 
revere Knorin. “ During mv subsequent Jour 
nevkng* through Bulgaria, 1 never limn! any- 
thing which made nte change my belief that 
the voice of the aturdy little keeper of the 
Petrus A an was the voice of tile great silent 
majority of Bulgarians As wo trot along the 
road which, until wc reach Klwaoureh. i« the 
biatoric high war liet wean fielcrade and Slam 
bool. 1 notice that the few lint* tliat wo see 
are generally a mile away from the road, ami 
that the doors are so low that one must enter 
crawling on band* and knee*. Tryko ex- 
plain*, with a grin of eminent Inn, that this 
State of tiling* i* only a memory and a re- 
minder of the unhappy pa*l that the huval* 
were hidden away a* much a* possible from 
right of the road in order Hint the peasants 
might escape tbo requisition for mouuri, or 
provision*, of the pairing pasha, and that the 
door* were cut so low that the Effcndi might 
not enter the house* and carry off whatever 
chanced to please bU looting fancy. 

On the evening of Uie tiret day we reach 
KlUoourah. and Tryko dnahea off after his 
sweetheart, brandishing his booty of pony 
hair in tbo air. Tbo outer of the A an, after 
having conveyed in pantomime th« In forma 
tlon that I was at liberty to utilize bis bead 
aa a. footstool if it should so please me. greet* 
ilia poalee with an effusive kiw.and inquire* 
if they have been " good boys." The pony 
replie* with an affirmative 'whinny, wliere- 
upon the delighted ostler grasps him firmly 
by the care, anil pulls with all hi* might, 
until die Joint* of the ears crack. This 
operation is pjpulsrly supposed in the lid 
kans to bring *urecti*o to the pony'* head 
ache resulting from his pounding along the 
rough roads, and certainly he i» very fond 
of it, and insist* upon it* being gone through 
with at every station 

That evening the notable* of Kliasourab as- 
semble) I on the green beside the Ana It 
was • holiday. The pretty hut dull looking 
girl* danced ikeAoro. a Grecian dance, which 
has. however, become acclimated through- 
out the Balkan countries, ft is nit tier a 
rhythmic march, d ijuatrr Hui) w, than n 
dance. The_«nn« uf live dancer*, who are 
drawn up in a single or double line, trout 
and real around Uie neighbor's waist. Be- 
tween the danous a minstrel who was popu- 
larly supposed to have lived several cen- 
turies. twanged away on the one stringed mo- 
notonous gmU tile epic* of the country ccle- 
bralive of the champion* of Bulgarian liber- 
ty. from the days of Black Milusli down to 
the Baltenberg priuce who. aa the epic ran 
in about the thousandth stanza. " stooped 
to tie the lntchet of his Bulgarski bmgnns on 
the battle Held of Sllvntlza, so lillte did be 
fear the Lorbaki*.'' 

In the course of the evening I was initiated 
by the village gossip* into Uie mysteries of 
Tryko* love affair, which, a* it reveals a novel 
custom which i» never departed from in the 
Balkan*, seems worthy to be told, lie was 
in love with Kafka. a girt who was net pretty, 
but endowed with great capacity for work 
She had made many journey* with gangs of 
working people from Klissourali into Rou- 
manin. and was supposed to have amassed a 
>i"i amounting to nearly twenty pound* Turk- 
ish. which *bc had buried away in llte ground. 
Site loved Tryko. and wlvat tile sentiments 
were the barefaced robbery of my ponies' 
tails plaluly revealed. Still, thu ceremony 
could not come off. because Balks liad an 
elder *i*ter who did not os yet have the right 
to wear a head-covering, which only conus to 
the Bulgarian girl with matrimony, and no 
well-brought-up girl would marry, 'lier elder 
sister liring still a spinster. I was presented 
to Uie elder »l«cr. awl was surprised to find 
her very beautiful : Iter hair wo* long and 
black os the raven * wing; her eyes soft, 
molting, and altogether charming. I imme- 
diately advised Tryko not to delay lira cere- 
mony any longer, to conform to the customs 
of the country and marry the simply ador 
able elder slater. Till* he absolutely refused 
to «lo, saying that Magda was very idle, and 
had not accu mutated arfur, hut spent her lime 
dancing and listening t<> the weird raorMd 
music of the Tstgaue*. a* they played in llte 

j uarvr of the village allotted to them. Ho 
rykn is doublleas a bachelor Mill Roman 
tic love dons not Nourish in the Balkans, as I 
found later uu. 

The next day, diverging from the Belgrade 
road, we la-nr off to the east, along bridle- 
path* and sheep track*, toward lint Danube. 
The brat is terrlflr, and the nuI fate of the 
Knumski traveller, who in three high motin 
tala lands, with the mulled atmosphere anti 
the Intolerable heal, generally loses his front 


teeth, owing to the relaxing of the gums, 
haunt* ate. I remember very lilUe of these 
Ina two day*, except that we seemed to be 
swimming in boiling oil, and dreams of great 
tankaids of rich brown Bavarian beer came 
to torture me. I awake from my unenn- 
sclou*D«M of all tliat Is pawing, save Uie 
physical suffering of tile mumiiDl, to find 
that I am heating Tryko unmercifully— 
Tryko. whose hand but Uie night before I 
held In sympathy with Iris md lover's plight. 
1 re mem tier also recalling poor Bartellots de- 
vice of a h|«e»r head on the end of a pole for 
Jahhing the blackamoor* with at Yambuya, 
and 1 remember thinking it a peculiarly in 
genious and useful device, ami that I would 
nave ouc mode for when next I cm* the 
Balkan*. But never ntiud: of one tiling I am 
quite certain, that when next I crass these 
mountain* It will be In winter. What U 
freezing to death in comparison to this roast- 
ing alive ?. . . 1 became rational on the even- 
ing of the second day. as the frantic ponies 
dash into the water* uf the Dauube. lev with 
the florid* from the Tyrolean and Slyrian 
Alps, and after it swim 1 make uiy apologies 
to Tryko. who i* not rancorous. Imt carefully 
tap* my teeth, uud thinks they will not fall 
out. though very loose. 

I- spent a week in daily intercourse with 
the Bulgarian Premier In the little town of 
SlstoVhon the Ixiwer Daniils He was stofv 
piug at a country seat on a high bluff over- 
looking Uie river nnd the town below. A 
hutlallon ut least of infantry camped upon 
Uie Lawn, ami watched vigilantly over hi* 
safely by day and by nighL On the table of 
Ins study were quite as many piMuls a* (tens, 
and close to his liand hung n repeating rifle — 
fun using Indlrw of lire rudimeutury stage of 
political life in Uui principality. 

One heritalen to pen llte portrait of llie 
man whose sonorous name menus so much 
in Europe, which sounds so menningleui in 
America. He is below the middle Mature of 
man, and the general impression of liis short- 
new t* heightened by hi* depth of chest uud 
breadth ot shoulder, which are both phe- 
nomenal even for Ibis country of heavy and 
coarsely built men. HU eye is block uud 
very brilliant, and illuiuluei his whole face. 
When cloned or tk>wn • turned, bU feature* 
are hard, drawn, and rcpelteol- When lie 
»ml lea. however, his expression is genial and 
almost boyish. He is without education, his 
three year* in a theological seminary bring 
his only schooling; Imt after five minutes' 
coo venation you are impressed with the ori- 
ginal bent or his mind, and his dear, fresh 
way of viewing men and thing*. He lisa 
backbone ami mother wit. and easily dis- 
poses iu debate of his antagonists, graduates 
of German gymnasia and French lycees 
though they lav 

I spent many plenum l tuoruing* in conver- 
sation with Utc Prime Minister, and In th« 
evening we would generally row out upon 
the Ihmutaj.and swim down with the cur- 
rent a mile or two to Giurgevo. under lire 
protection of twenty riltes in tbo |>o)loe-boat. 
which followed closely in our wake. Slam- 
houloff swims like a sen). It i* hi* uulv ex 
orriae. In winter he, physically speaking, 
hibernates. 

Humbouloff spoke to me on every subject 
pertaining to his policy and to his govern 
incut with an open frankness that would 
have been engaging had 1 not known from 
my previous experiences in Bulgaria that he 
was on Oriental, and chooses k> dissemble 
rather thun express hi* thoughts by Ids 
words. 

1 can therefore only give mv personal es- 
timate of llte man. as tlic frank communica- 
tions upon Bulgarian affairs nasi ami present 
which lie made then, a* he inferred, iumici the 
virgin soil of nty mind, I viewed at the time 
with distrust, ami now, in the light of after 
events, with considerable amusement. He 
admits, however, with brutal frankness, that 
be is ruling llie country against the will of 
llw somewhat lethargic majority, aided by iui 
active but very small minority. He admits 
that every article of the Constitution bus be- 
come a dead letter under his regime. aod that 
be only maintains his seat in llie mddlc by sup- 
pressing the )IU-rty of the press, proclaiming 
tbe right of public meeting soil "juggling'’ 
with the ballot-box In the •• American style." 
ns be remarks, with bland effrontery But 
on tbe other baud, he claim* that the' Const! 
lution of the country was bestowed upon the 
Bulgarians by the Tsar for the express pur 
pose of sowing discord and politiral unrest 
in tbe country, until flually. like a ripe apple, 
the principality would bill into llte lap of 
Mother Kumiu. and become incorporated into 
tlie empire of the Muscovite aa a crown land. 
He knows that hi.* government is u despotism 
In comparison with which Russia can claim 
to lie a liberal monarch v. Hut be is inclined 
to think, with Leigh Hunt, that u despotism 
with an angel on the throne is not to be de- 
spised at liinea, and that it is Just wbal Hul 
gnria require* at this moment. He ha* no 
illusions as to bis being an angcL Like a 
half educated hoy, he ml vrrlisos at every op 
port unity hit free thought and very modern 
morality. Hut at the same lime, I rather 
think be considers himself the nrarr.it ap- 
proach lu an nngsillc taring that the Bulgarian 

I roup of the human family Is capable of pro 
uelug Just at prevent. 

I was but little surprised to hear tbe tend 
InrhorUn Htaintiouloff speak of llte grandson 
of Louis Pblltppo, hi* sovereign, in tbe tone 
that a millionaire merchant might mention 
one of his young clerks who »b»w«sl aptitude 
and diligence at hi* desk. He scums perfect- 


ly willing to throw Prince Ferdinand over 
should his uwu luleri «i> in the political game 
demand It. Such a thing as personal loyal- 
ly or chivalrous consideration i* wholly for 
e’igu to bis nature. In the menu time he Ho- 
lier*. with evident satisfaction, that Prince 
Ferdinand i* lavishing his fortune upon llw 
country of hi* adoption. 

He ha* no Illusions as to the dlrinterertrd- 
iresa of Austrian and English friendship to 
111* government, and I* quite p»c|amsl tu In- 
left in tlie lurch by these powers, os they U ft 
Prince Alexander, or as lie would desert them 
should the political situation indicate that 
such desertion waa desirable, lie claim* to 
lie perfectly fearless os to the future of the 
principality, and lusiMs tliat Bulgaria lias uu 
thing to fear from tbr geiwrul war which lias 
seemed ini mi ire ill so many year*, lie c-liiiinv 
with Ills well organized army mid two Inin- 
dred thousand Muiinlicticr HU, to hold the 
balance of power in southeastern Kur»|>c,uiid 
so to Ini in u position to eoulemidiilr a war 
between Ills allies. Austria ami England, 
ami his enemies, Russia, Herrin. Montenegni, 
ami Greece, with perfect serenity, lu hi* con- 
versations with me he oftea praised demo- 
cratic principles and republican iuatitutious, 
but whether this was ensnaring flutter}’ to tire 
American, or the expression of his personal 
conviction*. which the dlfllcull situullon of 
Bulgaria, at present surrounded by monarch- 
ies, prevents frotn coming to the surface in 
Ills politicul policy. I have no mcunnuf know- 
ing. 

As I left Shilova ou the return journey lu 
the capital with bis friendly ” Sliogmu " (tin 
with uud ) ritiL'ing lu my ear. 1 cannot *ay I 
carried witli me a very exulted opinion of llw 
statesman who b certainly the lending man 
on the Balkan Peninsula My admiration for 
him was distinctly tempered with the eon 
tempt that u pugilist in»ptrea who Ira* always 
lieen successful, but not seldom stooped tu a 
fotil to gain the victory. 

The seeker after truth in the Bulgarian 
capital Is confronted at tbe very outset of hi* 
rose* relies by the fact tliat while tlie uu-ii 
and women w bo play importaui purls In tbe 
political game are very few— say. at a gooer- 
nus estimate, half a humlred — they ure di- 
vided lulu a dozen set*, of whom it la im|N.» 
sible In know more than one at one ami tbe 
name time. Here you unroot avail yourself 
of the foreigner's pkaiaot prerogative in 
moot Kurnpenu i npitals of beiug on friendly 
terms with all (inrtlta at once. You. loo. 
must be u partisan. If you low to M. 1U 
du-luvoff Id the Tefgoskn Street, you cannot 
shake hands with lVlku Knruvi-loff wlreu 
yuu meet him In tlw public gurileas. If you 
salute Madame Pnnilza. you (annul lake’ tea 
with Madame Karavelo’ff; and if yoo are 
suapertsal of having even the most incidental 
conversation with a ZoubovUt. your career 
at tlw paUr-v is closed. 

Ho lue seeker after truth muttl disnemhle, 
and after having proclaimed lib loyalty, and 
learned the ins ami out* of the palace politics, 
ho should allow lilniM-lf to ta- converted serf- 
iilim by tbo leaders of tbe iMWIile seta, until 
ho flnally reoehe* the tamp of the Znukuvist. 

Then you bad better have Bulgaria, or llie 
SiMlotla will deuouncu you os a Busainu 
spy, Ssjaigwr* — political heelers who carry 
long sticks, hence the name— will come for- 
ward and swear tliat you have endeavored 
by meun* of the traditional ruble to shake 
tlielr allegiance tu the crown, and |wriiu|>« 
even tbe jfanJnf Prnea will publish your 
portrait. But If yon dluM-iuhlc you will lie 
rewarded with an invitation to tlw palncc to 
break fast with the |wiuce. uud have the Hes- 
sian lions glare al you from tlw silvrr ser- 
vice. a reminder and u legacy of the Prince 
Ferdinand's ill starred pfodeC M BOf. 

Tbe prince is prepocuesaing in appearanee. 
The Buui bon nose, which lias nerved tu bang 
so many a caricature U|mn in the last few 
years. k» neltber abnormal lu size nor un 
pleasing in its effect. Hi* eye* are light 
blue — perhaps too light and vapid— but they 
are exprettaivc of the great intelligence which 
is his. He stand* six feet one in his cavalry 
boots, which Iw seems never to dl-oird. uua 
lias the easy, graceful carriage of every Aus- 
trian cavalry officer 1 have ever met. And 
Prince Ferdinand served, I lwlievc, in Uie 
crack regiment uf tbe Kiulelzky Hussar* be- 
fore embarking upon hi* nrew ni hazardous 
adventure, lie is proud uf bis success iu re- 
maining llw dr /art « ruler of Bulgaria fur 
three year*, when the general opiuiun of Eu- 
rope gave him but three mouths at mu«4 to 
come to the end of liis tether. While he scons 
to prefer ornithology to pol ideal economy 
as a topic of conversation at the breakfast 
table, on every line of Ida fate, which ha* 
decidedly more of the Botiriions than of the 
ducal Coburg* in it. is revealed the inborn 
desire to rule, which bn* been wbt-Uod nitlwr 
than dampened l>v the ill-luck which lias late- 
ly befallen III* reiatlve* engaged In tbe Mine 
m<tier bath in Europe and Brazil. He lives 
In perfect Lsulution. for there is nut a mem- 
ber of his court who could br accused of hav- 
ing a thought iu cotninuti or a cmigi-nml taste 
with this dnwviidant of n score of kings. 
There are only two fon-iguen in bi» house 
hold — M, de liottrbilun. a courtly Savoyard, 
and a memta-r of n family that has served 
the prince's forefhther* fur general Ions; and 
llaoin Slolmrr, a smart cavalry olHrvr, who 
in hi* day wIuImmI " Vienna with bU burse 
man ship' and I* now engaged in iIip rather 
thauklr-ss task of teaching the Bulgarian cav- 
■dry tlw Am-trian seat In the todilic 

l'ou will then naturally meet M Stuilrff, 
the leader of llw Cunacrvailvc party, which 


bns many leaders but no followers. He, like 
most other Bulgarians you meet, has been 
Prime Minister for a few days. He was cd 
united at the American College in Constanti- 
nople. and is the muM prominent exponent 
of tliat strange admixture. Anglo Stxoti edu- 
cation and Mouth' -Slavic temperament. which, 

1 am compelled to say. is not a striking suc- 
cess, He may have evolved many grand 
ideas nutl bestowed many blessings upon tli« 
country during his short pc»ws-n-n uf pow 
er. hut the only' act of hi* official life which 
is m>w reeulbsl is a prupnsiliou be made 
to the prince to create twenty voivodus. or 
lords, with the privilege of msrcbtng abroad 
through Bulgaria with a serf to carry licforu 
them the s|a-«r of offls-e. Tlw principality 
needed stability, be claimed, and tbe creation 
of Gw volvodm, with their spear*, could not 
fail to tasll.iv! tin- cranky drip of state. Tta., 
Prince shoved Iris tindert " under the Uivaa " 
uu Kustern metlioil of pigeon-holing. 

M. 1 bub>* layoff, by whom we are next 
♦cried, is a party unto himself, nnd I hr only 
Joiiruuhsl tliat Bulgaria a* yet lias had (he 
lime to produce. He is a well-meaning little 
man. apiMtretilly, wbuse smile U uuile be- 
nign. nml you Will be quite surprised to hear 
tliat lie did very Rum v hnital uud barbarous 
tilings while Prime Minister under the re- 
cency which preceded the accession of Prince 
Ferdinand to the throne. Hi* paper, the 
,\i ir-Mluy I'rara (*• National Rights ’ i lias bad 
a checkered career, tail still survives, with 
asioiiKhing display <>f vitality nnd (ditorial 
embiniiiee. Itaduslavoff is not an iafronsi- 
however; in fact, he “howls witli llie 
wolves frotn fear uf living eaten up." as tbo 
Bulgarian |xovcrh strongly advise*, but. un- 
fortunately. lie mono* howl loud enough. 
He speak* uf the prince in terms uf stilled 
praise, tall lie ran not bring it over himself to 
s|ienk of Htambouluff In other than word* of 
scorn. When I left M. BadosUvoff lust fall 
lie gave lire the following concise statement 
a* to tbe career uf hi* paper It had l*«u in 
existence two years and six months. He had 
tried to publish 400 times, and had only sue 
cvcdi-d in getting out ItIO editions, with great 
white blotches throughout the paper, show- 
lag where the censor had blue-pencilled. 
Tire paper had lieen brought into court HA 
time* for jires* offenses. Ten of the editors 
hail Into sent to jail fur terms amounting 
in all to l&J y ears. But the supply showed 
no signs uf rxlinustion. and M. IkMlosluvoff 
was very hu|ieful as to the outlook of jour- 
uiilbni i'ii the young country, liis political 

P latform is n simple one. He wants lu be 
time Mluhter.nnd have SUmliouloff locked 
up in the Black Mosque for life. 

1 was a convert to KaravdloflUm when 
the elections for the Hubrunje. un the Till of 
September l*M. look jdsce. It was the most 
lraus|uireut trnveMy of cuosulling tlie will of 
the people 1 have ever witnessed in any 
country Tlie opposition atauaioed from 
vuting. and the government clerks and tlw 
gypsy StpngiYi w ere charged w ilk the task of 
“re]irwliiig " with sufficient frequency so a* 
tu rob the demoiiMration of the abstcutinn- 
iMs of all importance as to numbers. But 
uufortunutely fur tlie jdnn* of M. Stamliou 
luff, at IrwU in Sofia, the r/iki, tbe reward of 
their labor. wax distributed amongst the "rc- 
|water» " aod the .Si paper* at much loo early 
an hour in tbe day. They fell asleep in tlie 
streets, alxiut the polling boolba, and when 
the taiHot-boxe* were upenetl only twcoty- 
one hundred vote* were found to have l«n 
(su .while eleven thouiouid name* aptiear on 
the poll-Usts, which had been revised a few 
days before. Men of HtaniboulolTs selection 
were, however, declared duly elected in ev- 
ery district but two in tlie country, though 
in certain places, w here Use o|ipoMtlon jwr- 
t ie- did pwrtlciMtC in the elections, they cer- 
tainly outvoted M. Htambouluff three to one. 

title evening, nflrr a visit to the National 
Theatre, we were swam bled, some twenty 
of ua. lu llie house of IVtko Kaniveloff. who 
In now a prisoner lu llie Black Mi •sque.cburged 
witli complicity iu theaiteniptcd asuuvu nation 
of Hlanilxiulult and the murder of Beltchcff. 
We were engaged in discuHsilig the cventa 
of tlie evenlug. smoking llw inevitable Qiuliek 
cigarette, and sippiug Turkbli coffee with a 
great smacking of the lips, w hich the Bui 
ganau hooteea exact* from her guests n* a 
tribute to her skill In its preparation, when a 
handsome young stripling, who Itad Just re- 
turned from ltoumelltt. where the royal prr 
fet hod cheated him ixit of his election to 
the Solirania. interrupted the general cmivcr- 
sntlou t«> make a stirring speech. I remem- 
ta-r iilmosi the very word* aa Ite spoke them, 
so earnest and sincere washisinniiiier. "The 
patriots," he ruDiImksl. "have tried every 
legal menus of saving tlie country from llie 
Austrian . but in rain. There I* nothing left 
now for u* lu do but to shoot Htnmlxiuloff 
like a mod dog wherever we find him." 

The one iulereMiug wnmatt I I rad met in 
Bulgaria— n female Garibaldi, at whose tack 
and call men have died, w‘ho has played an 
important if self-effaced riile in the last dec- 
ade of Bulgarian history — smiled with en- 
eoiiragetneni upon the young UBufs rnthuoi- 
nnm anil determination. It seemed to me 
last week, ua I read by cablegram the story 
<>( tlie aksiusrinarion in Holts, tbul the shot 
which came «« near explndbiff the powder 
mine of aouthuastem Europe was the answer 
to that smile, though I Mill hope that this 
young aulhusUst is ix.t among the thirty prts 
oner* in the HUck Mu«|Ur, wbone live* are 
worth mi little. sn<I that ho. mure fortunate 
than other*. Ira* eurapul from the dominion 
of her cotnautnding smile. . . 

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266 


HABPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV-, XO. 1700. 


•‘ULYSSES MENDEMALL" 

What woke me! Surely in my dteams 1 
heard the teacher call 

The roll » she did years ago, “UlystM 
Mrndcnull "! 

I heard that name then Ju*l a* plain and 
hi» response iu dear 

As when from hi* Car comer seat Ulyaata 
answered. "HeraT" 

Ulyroea Simponn Mcndcnall. the partner ot 
my Joy*— 

The partner of my hut rows loo — when you 
and I were boys. 

U r Irnrnrd to skate together ot) the crock 
at Jones's mill. 

Together gathered walnuts from the tree 
uroiitul Lite hill; 

As partner* trapped the red -bird, fished 
tot'd her in the brooks, 

And joined to gntlrer w:mp irun to exchange 
for lines and hook*; 

CdUabonthd on the spoil of mar Ufa- playing 
skill: 

And on I lie autumn Saturdays we tramped 
o'er field uud hill. 

And emulated Daniel Boone from morn to 
Mt of *nn- • 

You with vour homely yellow ilog, 1 with 
my father’* gun. 

And when the sun In summer mode the 
rout a quivering track. 

Hew willingly you wooed the chance ef 
blistering your hack. 

In helping ilnti Jbc qprn rows Just In gratify 
the whim 

Of lather, who indtlyd that l work before 
I swim! 

Ulysses Simpson Mcudeuall . that ragged coat 
you were 

la just as plain to me as though wo two 
were Imyi once more. 

For I remember well each mil— how this 
was torn the day 

The horrid* chased you 111 rough the hedge 
while I hid iu the hay; 

And Hits recalls the time we cli inbod the 
old mulberry tree; 

And this. I almost blush la say, came from 
a fight with me. 

Dear old Ulysnei Mendeuill. how I or away 
ill use days! 

How' s woolly painful arc the dreams old 
memoriee cun raise! 

Somehow I nodded at the fire to-night tutd 
ilimd — uud tlion 

1 hurried hack acroa* I lie years and wc 
were boy* again. 

Rut oil, to see thut racutd onul. to grasp 
that calloused hand' 

To talk with you of tilings which only wo 
would understand. 

t'il close my ryes, and try again t<i hear 
the teacher call 

The roll, and hear you ant we r, " Here’" 
Ulyaae* MendetmlJ 

Carl Nmith. 


THE EIGHTIETH BIRTHDAY OF 
EX PRESIDENT Met ’OSH. 

nV 4 AMJfc* W. ALEXANDER. 

Osr the first day of April. IffOl, an event 
was mruirslly celebrated ul the uni venal v 
town of Princeton. New Jersey. which wlil 
awaken the interest of iIioUwiikU of people 
in j«tl quarters of tire world, within and 
without t lie circle of scholars luui univer- 



ICI* ItUMCNftti* UV THE V Act: LTV w 
fKJXCMON CuLLLUK. 


sltv men. On that occasion tire eightieth 
birthday of i s Prtaideul James NeCat.li was 
rememfand iu n way w hu h must haw touch 
nl the ill. I man's heart, na it certainly maid- 
fated to Hip people the grasp which lire vc-s 
••ran educator has upon the affections of HU 
former u»mk m«» and pupils. 

The celebration conduod of three 1*0**. 
Iu Ute first plate, 1 'resident JVtoti utul lUu 


faculty of Princeton University culled u]>on 
their old chief in u body to leMify their lore 
amt rv»pcc« und to oiler their congratula- 
tion*. Their sen tiui cuts wore expressed in 
tin 1 following formal address en greased on 
parch nicul : 



With this whs prvnenltsl n handsome stiver 
bawl miinufiu'tnnil by Tiffany St Co . s re- 
production of which together with the in- 
srripcion upon it. is Imre given, 

‘I be next purl was the visit nf the younger 
Princeton prufeasont and utbera. tcprawut- 



ccr rRKsRNTEK RT VORMEIt ST r MUTTS 
or munleiu.s rauitik now ixn ut nou* 
AT OirrKHRKT CULLEUKB. 


ing lire ll'i teac here and nrofottor* in vari- 
ou» American colleges amt nnlveraitkw, who 
were* educated under L)r. McCnsb, und who 
owe to him a large port Of tire ciHlindaBiii 
which led Uiein to enter this honorable. if 
rather unrmiurierativu. flold of work. Tbe 
Icslimimiul or this remarkable group was a 
large gilded silver pitcher of old - fashioned 
design, hr Tiffany. bought with lire loving 
cuiUnhulkuiB of these children in tellers of 
Dr. McCosh, who arc xsltcrrd nil over lire 
Und. Upon ouc aide of tills pitcher is in- 
scribed: 

Potior Jomrs Me* hub, P.II , LLUl, 
tin III* KIshMeili Mutlwlnv, 

Xus lunlrtlLlur* Io Allliulesa tvILg**. 

Upon the other side are tire following lines 
from Aiislophaoes, a tribute to S»er»lo: 



Which is frveiy traosUlrd as follows: "Good 
fortune attend him. beta use, advancing down 
the vale of years, he burin himself with new 
subjects and cultivates wisdom." 

Tin* i» in reference t<> Hie most remarkable 
characteristic of Dr. MeCpsh '* Inter year* 
— Ills liberal adoption and defence of new 
ideas Few men. for example, over "event v 
) earsof aip*, would lake iip.twrvfullyexpouiut, 
tuirl ih-feud the evolution theory as lie lias III 
hit Bob'll Lecture*. And he 'is even now 
reviving these lecture* bv incorporating tire 
vei v recent views of Wehmann. Tlii* is 
only one out of many illustrutintiH of hia 
vigor of prugrcsaive energy, unimpaired by 
tin.! prejudici; of age- Many others might 
be given, as. for instance, tire part Ire lias 
token In lire Church discu-aloa a* uu advo- 
cate of the conservative revision of the Wiat- 
Ullll-b-f Coll fensii 10. 

Probably no ex pus-ion of obligation and 
regard could have been devised which wmild 
have boon more grateful u, the venerable 
teacher than Ibis spoabuiCMUs assurance 
from those who bad been led hy him to imi- 
tate Ills useful life that his example and pre- 
cept* hml not U.rn forgotten. 

The third part of the (stiehralinn was tire 
preoeoUtiou by tin* Princeton flub of New 
York, consisting of the gradnalM iti this vi- 
cinity. of a massive silver cup. 

During the day many letters and teiegrama 
were rwivnd by Dr. Met kwh fium former 
pupils and Lis hosts of admflwfS; arid during 
hi* absence overnight the wives of the pn>- 
fitsaora made th*- doctor's residence bloom 
with rrngr.iut llovvcrs and guy with appro- 
juule dcvolaUiMla. 


It would be difficult to imagine a more im- 
]x>*ing figure, whether the physical preietiMi 
or the character, atlainmenta. and influence 
of tlic man lie enn-udered. than that of James 
Met osh lie is the perron ifi<wt ion of tlic 
Hchular and tho lender. His uppearame b* of 
Uial type whidi in ay fitly be drveribed «S 
noble. Ilir dataitwl feuturve, iatcllectaal 
liml, and ioow while, hair are hi familiar to 
every one that lire mere mention of them will 
rmll them to mind. A lull mna, be is uow 
slightly bent, and In- ueus) attitude MiggewU 
tire contempUtire and studious nature, which 
ha» cumhined with his euvrgrlJc administra- 
tive faculty to nmko him the muat aiuwowful 
unircniily president of hi* lime. A beautiful 
walk lias I »vii laid out under tbu arching 
t-lra* <id the university grounds at lVinceUMi. 
through the gcneroslly of t’vrus 11. McCor- 
luick.of tTiieago. r.ne o"f Dr.McCo*h s Prinoe- 
lon graduates' Following the precedent of 
" Audlson'* Walk " nt Oxford, this charming 
strolling place has licen named " Mr-fosli * 
Walk." in honor of the ex Preaidetit of 
Princeton Here tho old (Milkman may 
often be seen, lust ns in the days when Uu 
could look on the campus end Its many com- 
manding buildings and think of llretn as his 

HU cigjitirtb birthday flnda Dr. MrCosli 
vigorous mentally, and with far more deter- 
mination than physical strength, although 
able still to^copu with many a younger man 
in end u nmec. 

The windows of his sunny study, ill tire 
house h« built for hlnwelf after reiircnrent 
from the iuTVJuduncy of tbc university, com 
tnand a wide view of the coast hills near 
ladiewood, to tbe sooth and rastwurd na far 
a* the blue Xavesiuk Highland*, forty miles 
distant It is here that Ire pursues hit rc- 
senrebes. and it wu* here llial his friends look 
him hy surprise 00 his birthday. 

His mornings are posted here family writ- 
ing, 0/ revidug Ills former hunks for new edi 
lions He is now working over his /VpeA.J- 
which li»- lieeu such a popular text bonk, 
nod his ambition u to bring it up to dote, in 
jMtni of recent discoveries, before he »lo]w 
willing. 

At iialf piut twelve lie comes out for a 
stroll, and turning up PrustieU Avenue, 
passes througii McUosli Walk, along the 
ftotlt of tlie clka|Md, by the side of Murray 
Hall, tfa-n slowtv through rlie rnnipu* to 
Nareau Street, lie often slope for n friend- 
ly word with a student, or with one of the 
younger professors, of whom he U very fond. 

IU* afternoons are spent more leisurely, 
with an huur's real and some rending. Thru 
he conic* out again for a long walk before 
■upper. In the evening be is biuv until lute 
hums. HI* hand ia as firm and Ida writing 
as legible a* ever. 

Dr McC'oah lukes a keen interest in those 
who have Irecti graduated ‘lining hi* twenty 
year* of administration, and pnde* himself 
upon rent oan faring them whenever and wher- 
ever he meets them. When he uppear*, as 



CCI* i*KKSISMKl> BV THE HtOICITM CLt'It 
OP SEW YOHK. 


he frtajuvntly d«a-*. ot nn alumni dinner iu 
New 1 r«rk, Plilladelphsa. llultiniarr. nr else- 
where. his rising to "(renk invarUldy pro- 
Tok<S 11 slot ni of up pinnae and cheers. There 
In iici mistake on Uiew; occiuiioob as Io the 
place he occupies in the heart* of hi* old 
pupils. 

And now. on tbe completion of eighty yrwra 
of useful life, it must fa a balm to bis tired 
niitvd. and tire sweetest aolncc in his declin- 
ing days, to find that ho is Dot forgotten, ei. 
tlicr a* a tcadier a leader, or a friend, by 
those wbo have had lire rare advantage of 
silting at his fecL Dr McCoeh cnli look bock 
with piide and satisfaction on having fire* 
made for binioelf an illiiHtriuti* name ns 
preacher, irebolut. |.>hiloaopLer, cdiicntoi 1 . and 
then having drvi-lopnl one of the three old- 
est and must renowned uf American Colleges 
into one of the first of working univnaitire, 
wliose ever growing inthusieo sud pronfieritr. 
itiul over-increariog family of scholars. Will 
continue to stand as a perpetual inonumenl 
to his wire gov«iBM«itL 

A -ketch of Dr. McC'-oeb would out la; sat- 
ihfiiitnry to ihusc wlm have known him III 
his home without reference Iu one who 1ms 
endeared licoelf to all who have known her, 
ami pnriicuUrly to tin' «nidctn* at I’rim elon, 
No Ci-illegiati who Isos Imcn ill while ul lira 
university will fvrr forget in Mrs McCoth 
tike gentle friend, wlto knew bow to fa' u 
mother to those who were dcpiivisl for lira 
tlnra of a Ointbera loving cure If there is 
any name which will draw forth n more 
rousing cheer tiuui Dr. MK>i»hV. It i* that of 
his wife, to whom every Priacrton graduaUi 
•>f the hist twenty five J core, atid mam' uu 
fader one, owe* and y raids « loyal dcvolioa. 


A UNITED STATES PATENT. 

BY PARK BENJAMIN. 

Tint average American cl lire t, labors un- 
der lira idea Uiat tbc Patent Office of the 
United Stales* 1* a place where a paternal 
govetumetti metes nut a well-earned reward 
to Rirnius (if *be )mlcnt lie granted to him I, 
or 1 m (» we * upon tin: pooplu a bare- and grind- 
ing monopoly (if the patent be grunted to 
Buorabody elrej. Even lira htsue of nearly 
4>VI,0*)U parents in lUi: past, and a present pro- 
duction at the rate of MU ]mt week — os many 
as were granted in the whole year when Pro- 
feasor Morse patented Ilia recording telegraph 
— foils to dispel that notion It peretu* with 
all the pertinacity uf the someubut kindred 
error that " necessity Is th« mother of iuven- 
tUio." Tlie IfatcnttiBioc ia not an institution 
either fur conferriug rewards or for impos- 
ing mttnopolicfc; and as for lira ptovefb. the 
truth ia that a tuun burn with Ute inventive 
faculty invents not favaure of DvcesUly ex 
ternally acting, but becauae he cannot help 
doing k>. Nature having placed him. so to 
sjxwk, neur Ura frontier of human know- 
ledge. bis IdmLucI will infallibly, Mxrner or 
later, carry him beyond tbe edge. Nccrjrfity 
may spur blni on, but it will never iui]>ply 
inapmuion. Ilia progTow to the lxirdcr line 
may be the work of year*, or it may be 
iu-hievod in n monwnt ; hut in cillicr case the 
leap into the unknown ts lightning-like. The 
fonunato Ihouglit comes like a fiaali, the ad- 
vanced fruutier is twlablUbed, and the world 
is wiser by a new idea, which, becoming em- 
bodied, the iuveulion— one almiwt says lira 
crcatlou — ie accomplished In Justice, lira 
achieved result belongs to lire inventor: and 
11 he cab retain to liiintxlf the know ledge of 
it. be may control it. Rut such tccreU are 
nut easily kepi Onue uttered, all lira world 
pOsM-KM llratn. 

Accordingly a putent can be granted only 
to the kuveutur. if he fa living, and it ia giv- 
en in return for the dikclnsure not of «n 10- 
chuwte idea, but uf a tangible embodiment of 
original thought, which must be useful and 
new iu ibis country. It must also relate to an 
art, or a machine, or a mnnufuclure. or a com- 
position uf inuller, unles* the invention fa an 
ornamental design, when novelty and origi- 
nality alone are cxseoLiaL Notlung rlre is 
j.<a>cntablc. The question of patcnuhility 
is detcimined by lira 1‘arent Office of Ure 
United states, which also issues the parents. 

It is proposed in tbc present paper to ex- 
plain Butuclblug of the working of that great 
instil ution hy tracing briefly lira nrocews 
whereby a patent U nmde. And so for con- 
venicnco atwl simpltcily, a* wdl «s for pur- 
poses of iliustrkliou. It b assumed that .lobn 
Jones, a citizen uf lira United States, ho* in 
vented, fox lira first time in lira history of the 
wolld, the choir. Not ab)' particular kind 
of chair hut t/u chair in tire brooded iK«albie 
M'Dra. t>f tuurue this involves tbe further 
assumption that prior to Jonca'B loHplration 
lieopfe sal ou Uie floor, or on the ground, on 
l>«rxls or cudiii-us, nut elevated above tbe 
surface, bucli a umirivancc is ohvimu-ly 
useful ; and Jones, never having beard of <«r 
seen anything of (lie kind fafore it Hashed 
aerow hi* mental vlbloti, has uu difficulty in 
affixing to his petition asking tbsl a parent 
fa granted him lire alalutury oatli that fat 
falrevni himself to 1*c tbc original, first, and 
sole inveutor of that choir, uud that it lure 
not been patented to himself or others with 
his knowledge or consent in any country, nor 
fa-en in public Uh< or on sak tu the United 
btates fur mure Ilian two years prior to lit* 
Mpplraiittou. and that, so fai a» Ira know* and 
belie tes, a chair Was never lwfocc known or 
uwd prior to his invention thereof. He also 
sends to tbe Patent Office ■ drawing of his 
cbuirihera reproduced) and a descriptive spe- 
cification. On this last-named document 
Jones'* hopes of future fame and profit all 
must teal: for here the invention must beset 
forth not merely with an accuracy like unto 
llial pertaining to tbe deneriptioa of real prop- 
erty in n deed, fait iu Bucli a way that v> hen 
the |Kiienl expires, any c*r|wurer or «abinrt- 
miiker cun tnakc aivd tutu that chair Ju»i an 
well iu* Junes himself can now. Wherefore 
or tutlwr JotieB's attorney, prepares 
the document, ami llicicin inform* mankind 
HI gel lend that " hitherto two pie have ul 
upcm list cushion* upon tire fioor or ground," 
and that " such a practice is uncomforuble. 
destructive to wearing at >|uircl. not conducive 
tu general treat new, and altogether inrasdiet- 
ic. ’ Now licit it, Jount's in vetitiou. wfakh 
"ha* foe its object the elevation of the teal 
above the ffc>ur or ground, and counlaU iu lira 
cDiutniciiiHi of said raised wait substantially 
a* IrareiDiiflrr net forth." Then June* pro 
cowl* to remark tlret “lira accoua)muying 
drawing u a |>erspe<:tive view of my said 
raicsd m.ai, lit wbU'h | referring to the letters 
of reference j A is the seal [iru|«l which I* 
supported 0(1 the four legs or standards. II. 
Ret men the Irgs or siiiiidard* R ex Uud 
rangmC. Erected ou one side of Hie seal A 
are two upright*. I>. provided with a crow- 
bar, E, and spindle*. F, the said upright*, 
cross bar, and apindka funning a support 
for lira Isu k of the user" TliU u obvhawly 
a model of cvueiM iKaa. for June* is told that 
the less Ira mivs in his specification, the lcaa 
cliatrae fur some out to pick boles in it in 
lira future. 

Now- follow the claims— and ‘'there's the 
rub fur in their terre |>lirn*cn the Invention 
lam) the whole invention; must fa exactly 
pointed out. W>M‘ to lilt Inckltws inventor 
whose mimi, elutined down U> the uiccliait- 
icai production of hia devUv, foils to appro 


I 


Digitized by Google 



APRIL It* 1801. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


2G7 


elate the true reope n f hi* Idea, and who.gir- ly con ferrlntr with client* at every turn and no avail whatever against it The reason for to the Circuit Court of the IHotrict of f 0 . 
in#! the world creak) for knowing more Ilian corner; laborer* pushing and hauling around Inflexibility i* found in the fuel that the num tamliia, where now hr muni meet active op. 
it dor*, mistakes what i» really a broad in great iruck-liud* of document*: giuiipe of l«-r of applications yearly filed in now about position from the Patent Office. I f lw> is *u c _ 
vent ion for a mere Improvement. and «i lint- vishing pilgrim* from nil i»n» of the Union ; 4.1,000. amt iliut tin; amoum of detail work ct-wful, a mmidiitc from the court compel? 

iu himaclf. Ignorance of eatent of one* in- nuil sometime* a stolid. head bt«dl/*n*d. blank- caused ia an mormon- that it -imply mutt I* the D*ue of hi- patent, if not. I»e may M»»r 

vi-nthm amounts jiraetlcaliy to ignorance of et«<l Itand of suviLgr warriors, marching in dealt with in u regular and orderly man or r. wt ill higher, even lathe Supreme Court nf 

law . and in a patent it is equally inexcusable, single flic to nu interview Willi the reproMOt- Meanwhile the examiner, having reached the Uniicd Slate- But after that his solo re 

If Jonea's attorney knows no more than alive of the (irent Father, During Uie mom- Jooea'a application, studies the apeciflaaUon cuuise i* lire newspapers 
June*. be will claim fur hi* client " the cum- lug hours, ami jii.il at the foot of one of the to find out what tbe invention Is mid wlietli- About three-firth* or all Ibe appliratlonx 
hiliBiion of the -eat A. lugs B. TungH up- great atajfCSrtC*. nw disco vers a table covered er Jonea has properly dcscnbral iL Perhaps filed lie conic patents; tin* rest, rejected, re. 
rights D. Iwr* E, and spindles F. sulmtnn- with beupa of enkrs ami unlimited pie. all of be may find that Jones's claim* are legally main ever after a memorial to blighted 
1 tally us described," and Jonea will view that wlilcli !h -i-m to be converted Into the brain hat! in form, which he certainly would do If hope* ami diaapfluinle-d muhitlon. ami to the 
Claim with entire complacency; for lines it matter which decides the merits of the in Jones should My, " 1 claim the use of a seat needle** enriehmrnt of Uie public A* Mon 
not catalogue every pnrt of tile chair as he * entire genius uf the nation; for Ibis ia the above the ground." or "u rest supporting as uu application is allowed, the claimant is 
make* it? But at some later day somebody examiner- lundiroo-phicr ptinoaa oliove the door"; for ndiber June* notified to pay a final fee of twenty dollar* 

else, in lofty dim-card of wliat .lone* thinks The typical inventor of the novel bt or nor any one else can patent the no- or fuoc- within six Biontha. under pain of forfeit lire, 
to he his right, will make a choir without the playwright is never hard to find. Some- tiooof a device, but only the thing itself. If and shortly after he make* this payment hr 

spindle* F. for example, and Jones, there times lie is half asleep in tbe library, but the exunltMT ia KiRu-lUlttg of a punet In bis receives the [intent itself, 

upon Invoking the whole power of the land more often stand* silently somewhere about particular line, he may criticise Jones's gnun A United Stain* patent can baldly la-called 

for hia protection, will undergo the expert the halt*, communing in solitude with him- mar oi rhetoric, or heap up objections of a un imposing-looking document. Fashion in 

encr of hundreds of hla predee wn oro when self, or occasionally with snow sympathizing metaphysical character evolved from hi* In- peticuta eliange* a* in other tilings, anil the 

lie 1-arnn from the decision <if the court that young bride or newly llodged official n->l ner COtlKiotUMOa; lUld IlCDCC especially Cl- present mode favors much simplicity. Even 
he lw* patented not a chair tn general. but a wary enough to avoid him. II* l« easily asperating to June** attorney, who usually in (Irent Brtrain. where "Victoria Dei gratia, " 
chair necessarily having Uie spindles F, and, idt-ntHIml: alwav* the same rualy clothes COBDOl understand them, but uuvcrtbclcw U etc., used to present the fortunate patentee 
worse still, a chair also having necessarily and lire hattend hal and lire greasy roll of expected to do ao by Jones. with u mammoth parchment, having ap|* n»l - 

the rungs V. tire uprights I>, and the bar drawings lander hi* arm, and the box with Having satisfied Llllisulf a* to formal mat ed to it the great wail of England Upp r c w ad 

E; *o that nil any one has to do L» to leave the little model, which be will take uul fur ter*, the examiner now considers the appli- on about a pound of wax. and tlse whole en- 

out one or more of these parU. and he may tbe asking, and grew eloquent about it too. cation uu it* merits. Or. iu other words, be c lowed in n neat box bearing tire royal arm* 

lire all the rn*l of the device, do thanks to He generally want* the ('ommwaioocr of Pat- goe# on a still hunt through the file* of prior in gilt, a -imple printed elieet of paper of 
Junes, who, having slaked off only a small cm* to revive some long *1 nett abandoned patent*, both American and foreign, and moire*! dimension* and u -tumped paper seal 
part of the b(0M a* re* which might have application for him, or to let him file a new through all printed publications aetewible iu now suffice. We lire a little more artistic, 
been hi*, now ares (with what equanimity he one without • fee. regardlero of the statute* the I'utrnt Office Library, to find out whether for we provide parchment paper, «twl a steel 

may I the remainder fail irretrievably into the in such cases made ansi provided. People June*'* chair ho* ever before I wit described engraving of tbe Patent Olll-ce. mid u large 

public domain. wonder Iwrw he manage* ui support himself or patented No mailer where a printed red oral. and plenty of blue fastening ribbon. 

If Janea had written hi* claim ta read, in Washington, so far from home— hut Unit pnblieutiun may have appeared, dot lu what and tin- signatures of iui Assistant Secretary 

"The combination uf a real mid a -upport word perhaps long since hits been without language it i» written; no matter what conn- of the Interior aud of the Commiteloner of 

therefor, whereby -aid seat is sustained in an meaning for him. He waits tin-re in the try issued the prior patent ; uo inaUer wbetb- Patent*, wliii-h ulone have n market value na 

elevated position.” he might thus have woven Patent Office halts, t-atlmtiy und wistfully, cr Jones ever henrd of the publication or autograph* of distinguished penmen. Amlin 
for himself a drag net (atuqrning his patent until some day lw disappear*, and only the patent or J*p»— If Jones a invention is there act tlie patent, tin- United State* of America, af- 
tn la; granted) large enough to entch any hospital nurse is the richer by the great forth, the examiner pounce* upon it like n ter politely saluting tlie render. Inform* him 
chair, sofa, stool, nr other article described thought* enclosed In tile liule box or iu- hawk, and (in Jours'* opinion i with "ghoul that June* having made « new and t ireful 
by its terms; just a* 111* claim of the famous scrilicd on the worn slice L* of paper. Ml glee " reject* Jones's application, For improvement in chair*, ami being justly en- 

In due aeasoti. and as a small atom obviously the device, however original it titled to a |*»tcnt under the law. there is 
of the huge mail which come* to this may be with Jones bint-elf, is tint- proved granted to the suitl Jones for tbe term of 

workshop from all over the laud, ar- not to be new. If the discovery of uulbing seventeen year* front n day certain, "the 

nm Jones'* application for hi* pat- but the exact thing in some prior patent or oxelu-ive right to inuke, use, ami vend *aid 

cut on the clniir. Many a time bus publication alway* preerded a rejection, tlie invention throughout tbe United blares and 

Jones figured to himself its reception, work of the examiner Would be ns simple the Territories thereof." An abstract of 

seeing, in hlsmtnd's eye. Ibe Comm is as it i« in c**e* where ta* in tlie oft-rccur- Jones's claims, with those of 4W other*. *p 

sinner — nay, even the President him- ring perpetual motion, or the interrupted pears is 'he current home or tlie Ofieiai On- 

aelf — single out hi* documents from current telephone, or the motor of the it/it, which the Fatcnl Office publishes every 

tlie common mass, and rend them ca- Keely type) Im uterely denies that tbe thing week, and that end* official concent with 

gerly, while a dush of Joy that the will work, anil rejocta for want of utility. Jones'* invention. He is now free to make 

nation should at last have yielded leaving ilia applicant to supply proof of op nut of It all that an intelligent public will let 

such perfect fruit mantles the official ereUveiMSS, which, of course, being impos- him. Hut nobody guarantees onytlung to 

brow But this does not happen aiWe, ia never done. But in u great mu Jones. The govenmirnt, which fuv taken 
On lire contrary, the pnpera go to n Jorlty of uufuvotublu e.VslilUiatUuio Vltt- ex- b>v money for examining into the novelty of 
stony benrted clerk, who would not ainioor base* hi* rejection on the prior slate hi» invention, due* not underwrite bis title to 
experience the fuicteat llirill of emo- of the art. Thus ue may any to Junes that hi* patent, rior even iiffinu the novelty of hi* 
thin if Jones had invented the phi people had scaled themselves on rock* or "alleged oew and uwful improvoateot," a* 
loaophcr's stone. In fact, be would bowlders from time immemorial, und that cer- w ith wary intelligence it coil* iL 
Just as quickly object to a technical talnly such rocks were *eaU elevated al*ovc At some future time. when the general law 
difficulty in paper* describing a nrac- the grouml, and he may refer Jotiu* to a do- which probably underlie* the simultaiwxHts 

licit lilt- ii-U-irraph to tbe plunet Mara scriptlotl, for instance, of tbe famous corona- making of apparently fortuitous discoveries 

ns hn would in others relating to tlie lion stone ia Wotiniustcr Abbey, where Uie shsil luive been recognized, we shall perfcapa 

-■ft inveutcil ear coupler. Just a. lit- Eogli-li mooarcli* have seated Uierorelve* understand Ixdler than wc now do why it is 

tic due* the artistic part of tlK- insti- pendiug Uie etuwuiug ojwnitiuu. Of t-ourre t kat uo Important Invention has ever been 

tilth m care alsjut high art. and a thu mote complex tl»c invention, the wider nude but that several different persons, ™b 

drawing made bv Mr. Itnmington or the range of luvcslitptliun through the art. iri entire good faith, have claimed it* sole 

.Mr. Abbey or Mr Fursons would with the object of showing, oil the jam of origination. Gallon likens simultaneous la- 

probably lie rejected inAi.iuUr for tbe examiner, how much .lias been done be veution to tbe ripening of apple* on a tree, a 
"rough line*" or "not black fore and bow very small is Ibe actual advance number of which, by the merest accident, 
enough." without even the courtesy made by the applicant, and that therefore happen to fall at the same time. There * »n 
of *• admitted fur examination only. hU claims must he limited to express Just lx- little doubt that a new idea i* n product 
But all tin* i* merely preliminary, w bat lie bos accomplished over and iiImvc of (lie limes a* well a* nT tbe Individual; and 
When tlie drawing and the papers the prior work of ulltere, and uolhlug uuire. that a given numla-r of person* natutwllydi*- 
are found to be tx-hnlcsJly <« retjU, Those objection*. being reducod to writiog, posed to invention, placed in environment-! 

tlte real onical la-gin*. are *enl to the applicant, and the fuse stands which direct their thoughts in like channel*. 

It would hardly lw aupjw.jcd that technically rejected. Fetlmpa tan f>er cent, the chances of their independently vet m 
all nowiMe wlijtcto uf human in- of all Uu- i**tcuu granted po** the ordeal at multaueoufely making similar onneentiuns are 
vention could he brought into a clas- once without objection. But the vast ms- greatly multiplied. Iu tlie IWut Office, fur 
aifiention. But this ibe Patent Of- jority of apiilicwiixinx meet opfiadtioa of two or more inventors to I* found claiming 
flee lias mamiged lu do. Its latc*t nn some sort The applicant now h»- ample the umn devus: is of ulniust daily cceurreiH-c. 
aly*is produced 188 cInkk-k and 4iNKl time (two years if In- chooses) to consider tlie This I- called alt " Inlerferencc," and results 
subclasie*. Fur example, tlie pliilus- reusouv given for tlie rejection, and to submit in a singular sort of litigation which involves 
Bell telephone patent was discovered to lie oplier's *tonc, if found, would bo assigned to argument iu reply, or to amend hi* applies- three pattn-*, namely, the two rival claim- 
far-reaching enough U» dominate any owtbod division 8, cltaa 48, utb-clnsa 57. eulltled"Kpe- lion. Joure, fur example. mlgUl craw ht* ant* ruu! the prsipie. The former are maile 
of and apparatus for electrically (ran* mitt lug clal Apparatus for treating Ore* and Metals broad claim, becahse loo liruua, and *ul»ti- to eroloirtt in tin- cunltoversy whether they 
articulate speech Hut then the milking of not olherw>se»pecifled ‘; 1 he telegraph to Mar* lute one for " the couibiunlluu of n seal and want to or nut, under [leniiHy nf forfeiting 
such claims is an art. and knowledge of It would belong in division 16. t-imo. 178, sub- two or more standard* supporting the »am* tlie right In prove an) earlier 'dale nf inven 
measure- the abiHly of the attorney who pre- dnsa 43. known as ''Circuit* ami System*”; above tbe gruuod,” which Is cleurly not do- tion lltan that of tbe tiling of Ids application 
pare* the spcv-iflcwllon. while Mr . Jonra's rhajr find* its way to dlvi- acriprive of a stone. Tbe examiner now nr- by the parly who fail* tu pr-M-erd Three 

Jones. * paper* ranch the Pnteut Office, with sion 8, claal 135, and there rMUlns alone in oonaider* tbe matter, aud if bn i* sutinfiud oudlreta are unexamplsd in hiltmica*. Ev 
the indi*pcn»able acconip-«nimeni of a fee of its glory; for the 88 sub-cUsses now devoted with the applicant’s answer or amendment, lie cry inventor instinctively imagines, on gen 
fifteen dollar*; for I'nclc Ham doe» not make to all sort* and variMiea «>r chair, under our " *ends tlie cuae to issue ~ If not. Ue may eral principle. Ural the rest of mankind I* 
e xaminations for nothing On tbo cantiary. assumption that Jonm’s to tlx- fir-t and ori inlerpoae other objtctlons. M that sometimes only wnittag n fsvorsbk- opportunity to sicn] 
for such serviOM be exact* from the inventor* ginal cirair, have not a* yet, of course, conic the diwiisaiou between Uie examiner and hi- Invention from him; nud when Hiiotber 
yearly about u quarter of n million dollar*, into existence. tlie applicant * attorney may extend over actual claimant does appear, hi* rigorous 

and he has heaped up in Uie Treasury a clear Now follow* a period of delay, varying year*, and dozen* of communication* p*-< opinion* concerning Ills rival find do parallel 
profit of nearly four mil llotia from a week to six month.-, during which to und fro before either an allowance or DnuJ on earth, rx<epl in tlmw of id- rival enneern- 

Thousand- nf people who have ttevt-rrecn Jones's pwrknge of documents, rncloied in a reject inn ixv-urs. The examiner in Jonas’s tag blot. Then follow* the curiuu* apectacle 
a patent are familiar with tloil imposing gran blue ''Jacket " envelope ioucrllwd with their case would prolailily loUai that Uiere was no of un effort to establish pn—ihly a point of 
itcstruelure which occupies Uie whole block pedigree, und known ns an "application,” invention in substituting two. or any num- atatnict nietapliyrics through tbe medium of 
surrounded bv F. O. He-venth, and Ninth slowly make- It* way toward tlie front of a her, of bUudnrit- for the lusty of tbe stone, a «volc of rigidly technical nth-*, under the 
streets, iu the city of Washington, and which lung line of similar package* arranged in or- Then Jones would proceed to discover new sutagunlitk lulluencre of violently volcanic 
Is called the Patent Office, although the In der of receipt on the desk of an examiner, advantages for his chair leg*, which until emotion* Tlie result which is supposed to 
tenor Department i- lodged there. Before T bi-re »* a to a. I mill eiidlessncs* about this theo be Inui never dreamed uf. aud oak fur determine the period of earliest exercise of 

the National Museum wa».thl* wo* the Men a w ork. It h very like laling out a leaky further conokletmUon. Hut in tbe end ho inventive faculty byoue party or tbe other is 

of the vagrant bridal couple, who wandered lawt. SotMtimes 111* new applicaUone accu- might find the examiner obdurate, anil la- rather uncertain. HulannpjwalintbeCom- 

hand in hand in tbe marble balls, viewing the mutate more rapidly than the old onea can curtly informed that" tlie application ia mltwlinier decide- tire mat ter finally, aud se- 
Dectaratiun uf Independence and Washing- be dtapo-d of, ami then tlie line htngtheM finally rejected for want of invetitiuu." cun* Uie patent to Uie victor, 

toil* trousers through tlie ruueata nimbu* of and the delay increase*. There are ataiut Then Jones calls lieaveu and «arlb to wit- There l« uu public instil ution anywhere in 
the honey muon But these immortal relics 190 of them.- endless file* of application pock- uea» the lujuvuce that hoi been done him, existence w hich i- in *udi elnw and aurh ]k 
lire gone Dow, ami the bridal cuuphw no long- *g<* on the desk* of a* many examiner* in chastens his w rath by the puymeni of ten culler touch with the people m i* our i'alcat 

er dally there. There i- nut much reimnuei: the vnrioua examining dcpurtint-uU of the dollars into tbu Lnilid Stale* Treasury, umj Office. It U a wciiderful ariioul uf bum an 

iiliout models of cur cou|4era und bue blvra Patent Office. hopefully up]ieals to the Brand of Exauun- nature- Here ire-niu- »>ur< to its liigbcvi. 

slid revolvers. Uie doubtful freacom are ruth- In making the examination precedence i* era ta Chief, three oltlciul* uf judicial dignity and cupidity dc-e-i-nds to Its lowest leve l 
rr gloutny , and titan- is u brtdt tiuaincm-Uke given to inventiems whic h Ibe bead of some and great patience, who will appoint it time Here come a* applintnl* the sck-ntiiit of i -m 
air alaiiit tbe place which forbid* lingering, departlMDl of tlta government deems of e». tu listen lu all Jonre hat to say us to why the SU inmate -kill and know ledge, and tlie bln 
and render* far more sttractlve the shady pcrinl importanee to the public nervier, examiner erred If they reverse the exaui mat and ignorant i-liurlatan ; the struggling 
and quiet aiooves of tbo Moaenm or the Husk- remanded by appellate tribunal* for inert decision. Jonn* get* hi* patent If inveotor, who perhaps bn* mortgaged bl- l»-t 
Hmilhaoetan. On carh floor there ia a broad further pror-mling, application* for extro- they do not, Jonre *h*kca tbe dust of that atrtlily i.m to pty tin- goverumi nt 

haii running around the gnat quadrangular alone, for reueoa, and tlmra- relating to da- tribunal from hi* feet, pay* out twenty dol- tax. ami the- riels and powerful ini*! or 
building, from which room* open, some giv- Tiers already patented nlmsui nnd to design*, tare mure, and continue* bn pursuit of Justice poratinn w UicJi -aim- fat off of the- (mil <-f 
ing on an interior court, others on tbe street*. In tlw- order named. After these, uew appli- into Ibe purer oUooapbrro supposed to our- hundreds of brains such n* hi- N.iih.-rc- 
One meet* a queer throng iu those corrldon* — callunsare taken up in i^der of filing— a rule round Utr hlgheal authority iu the office, tbo better than in the- records of the Patent o| 
officials of all grade*: attorney* rushing from which i- rigidly enforced, although u recta » fonunlaaluDcr of Pate nt* in pcfmti. Here- flee cun the life of tlie Inventor a* an odd 
room to room, or rapidly writing at desk* in ini|towiMo to make the average C'oogreM- be again argue* tire matter, and eitber gets species uf humanity he studied, for nowhere 
the little loin provided for Uu-ui.or vehement- man understand that hi* ' ' influence ’’ i* uf hi* pwlcul, or u jicrniitie-i tu lake an ap|ieal are all lire queer jiiiaje* uf bt» nature wore 

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268 


HARPER’S weekly. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1794 



THE EXTEIUOK AND lNTKKIOlt OF THE PATENT OFFICE.— Diuwn by E. J. Mrulru. attsii PiiorooBArHn nr Bku., Wamiixutux, 1). C. 


plainly revealed. Tlx- lnw nll-ow* any one lo practise before 
I In- office, iunl ao it often happen* thul a correspondence lie- 
tween I lie official* and mi inventor in pcnwn results In many 
n singular missive. A collection of tlicae epistles which Ihe 
pn-ent clilef cb-rtt of the Patent Office ho* made for hi* own 
amiiM-ment is n mine of humor, not unmlxed with palbix. 
One cumin! help noticing in hnw mnny of them the ludf- 
fonneil not ion of a patrnml government in mingled with the 
Idea hi |mpul*r sovereignty. 

A ' Si mil owl Demm-rat," for example, evidently thinks 
licit he 1* conferring a favor when he informs " Or over 
Cleveland the foutln-r of houvr conulry Dear Sir and Pre- 
sident of the United States" that be hna invented a "new 
frail* ear coupler." In which the President may huve a half 
Interest If he will "Put it threw Hie Patent ‘Office. " An- 
other correspondent semis to the While House n few friend- 
ly line*. "hoping io find you well." and nil in the cause of 
friendship suggests Hint the President iduill fnrUiwItli for- 
ward him a patent for a liniment, which he is sure the l*rc« 
dent will be chid lo lentil hns been tried on the inventor mid 
Ilia wife nnd hisdouehler" for nineteen yrnn-s." Occasionally 
one meets witli u pitiful story addressed to "Ills High lion 
nr. ' la gging for it patent Iwrauw- the writer " is fitting old 
and wauls to give the children a start ill the world somehow. " 

Quite different in lone are the letters nddieatrd lo the 
ComnilssiiMier of Patents. No pathetic appeals are made lo 
him. Ills correspondent* tell him what ilicy want, and 
give him lo understand that they want it right off- -as one 
says, "without filling nlniut It citlirr." One individual 
makes a modest demand for $ 100.000, because. be avers, 
the government has offered that mini as a reward for a 
" perpetual mosheu," which he tells the Commissioner be 
has discovered Another will be contented with ffitXMl in 
remuneration for " nn inch Mpiuir block," whatever that 
may hr. Another Insist* that the Commissioner has in his 
immediate control a large collection of koiihI hnnd army 
saddle*, one of wliich Imi wish** cent to him immediately. 
Another informs that fuoclionnry that he IsMigtit a sale 
which was patented In lt+HI, nnd cannot Unit the key. and 
will the COmmiin loner kindly wild him u duplicale key? 

Proposal* that the CommiVsioni-r shall net at aUnmey for 
Individual* before himself, or sliull make n reduction in 
tin- giirernim-nt fern because one person pmptif to lake 
out sevt-ml imteuls. lire nut at uJl uncommon. Letter* 
warning the Patrnt < MHce against gtnnting patents In rival 
claimnnis ore in every mail, and Ike reasons usually given 
are vaiiegaied in the extrema The most original oiwencoun- 
lereil iv tlmi he like rival; " got innd nt ine and tried lo cheat 
lie- nut of it because he dime the winding " As for >Mld 
things f ir which a potent is demanded, their name is legion. 
One nun wants to know whether his name bn* been pat- 
cuted.nud if not, lie would like to patent it himself. An 
otln-r dehlrrs to patent the name or "Houlh Dnkotn if it 
Would not cost too much " And still another wish** lo In- 
informril If lie can get n patent fora "smell," wilh a general 
description of "an exhibition of odors or scents In au en- 
clioi-d *|nu-c." Perhaps for genuine humor the following is 
uiilrpii- in its way: " I am here as an exile, fur from home," 
say- the w riter, whose numerous inquiries have lai n an- 
swered, na usual, hy w-mling him a printed copy of the Patent 
Office rule*, "and without money. For though I own a 
farm of ‘it l acre*. I hail lo tty like the lurk from the field of 


wheat for fear of my life from a frantic scolding wife. So, 
I have a great many ideas iu lire coupe* f„r building*. 
Hut money make* the mate cn. which leave* my mare to 
Inter full ami die it i* said nnd it is true IbiU there is mnnuy 
a Nocratu* in thu hands of u plow and manny a U lew* benling 
sheep." The coaiiection lietween I be iavepiion of a llrc- 
•wnipe nnd the uncoinfoitnhh' hvbuvior of this gentleman'* 
better hnlf may Iw infem-d, but whut is “a Socrmlus in the 
lianils of a plow?" 

Here is the Chinese question in an entirely new aspect, 
ami it is needier* lo slate that the letter comes from the 
Gulden State: "Mr. Commissioner of Putrnla herewith 

K ruse find my application to Mop leak* ill gardcu hose. 

y Improvement consist* in the simple wrapping of a piece 
of cotton butting around the Im**. I stole the Idea from 

a Clilnninau, but it stops leak* iiround the brute. The 

Adjutant (ienrnil of the United Slates will Inform Vou that 
I mu all right That i* 1 mu iuU-lligritt and honext. " 
Whether the Chinaman would agree In till* Inal peraonul 
estimate I* perhaps open to iMmjecture. 

Even Hie Patrnt Office Itwlf. Mem and mechanical and 
monntonou* im its work 1*. I* not free from an orcnskmal 
vagary. Hidden iu it» report*, fur cMini|>le. Is the patent 
for thu llliunlualcd cal (No. M3. 103, September 1*. |H(H), a 
figure of the anirnnl “mated witli liimluout paint so an tu 
Ntino In Hie dark," and " perfumed *i> a* to be ohnnxiou* to 
ml*, mine, etc." . ami for the pinto) which splits open length 
wih*. and of wblch the two parts, hinged together become a 
hoot jack iNo. 330.370. November a, 1*83); and for tbe anti- 
s Borer (No. 1 : 13 , 300 . October 22, 1*72). "an arch of some 
hnrtl material (ecu red upon thu luck bet went the -boulder*," 
mid conairvictcd on the theory that if a person is prevented 
from lying on his luck he can BO longer snore: ami for 
live automatic roust (No. lot. *32. Juno 2s. IM70|. which, 
wlven the. fowls retire. operate* by tbeii weight to close the 
doom of the beehive, anil so keep mil live night- prow ling 
bee-moth. 

TIhi great mass of isitculrd inventions, however, have 
very little of what might be termed human interest about 
them. The layinun may pare over tbe OJKrint Onztilf for 
weeks, and among the thousand* of new contrivance* there 
Illustrated he may never see one which will appeal to kia 
imagination The really great Inventions, startling in their 
novelty and ingenuity, nre exceedingly few and far between. 
The majority of all talented device* nre minor improve 
meats on machines or promote*, Miggi-Mcd by daily use of 
them, or by the over- recurring new demands of fa-ddon nnd 
the martlet. A new product calls for new and Improved 
tnnehinrs for It* manufacture. A uew machine slimulales 
Invention in impreiring it* efficiency , reducing Its part*, nnd 
cheapening its cist, A new process suggests puasibiiilies of 
lunching Hie result by niln-r urn] simpler step*. A IH-w com- 
pound lc*d» to trial- with different mid less expensive in 
gieilk-nt* In order to obtain like quullties. And the character 
of the |v*tents i* also governed by the divergent motives 
which lead profile to onek thrai. One mnu will pateul Ida 
invention merely lo establish a record of priority, and lo 
secure bl» own fume. Another, nn the contrary, will have 
in immediate view the sale of his pulcul for cash or royally. 
Another, pursuing some defined lino of original Investiga- 
tion, will endeavor to oblaill intents at every step, to prevent 
his becoming distanced by rivals iu the race’ Another luoka 


upon hit patents merely as check* upon Id* business mm- 
|ietitnr*. securing lo him un undivided field, Anollier. re- 
gnrdltws of whether his patent Is guild. bad. or indifferent, 
wanl* it a* 11 "scare" to prevent imiluliou until lie can 
get a new device upon the murket Another, with a less 
commendable motive, file* hi* application in Hm- hope of 
blocking the advance of some one else, and ao bringing 
about aa interference, and the possildc purcliasc of hi* pre- 
tensions by his adversary ua u cbeuper allerualive lo a mu- 
test. 

It l* onlv w hen we recall the fact thnt tbe overwhelming 
majority of all our industries are laui-il upon patents llinl we 
begin lo realize bow Intimately they ore inierwoveu with tlie 
industrial ami commercial life of the niiiioii. The sewing- 
machine and tbe reaper and mower, the locomotive nnd Hie 
steiun engine. Ui« systenw of electric hghliug, lih'gTnpInnc, 
telephoning, and ckclnc iniuamiviiiiu of power, with Hair 
counticsa farmsof apjwruius, Hm- printing pn-w- and Hie nirMl- 
ern newspaper, the myriad procewe* and devk-ca for the pro- 
duction and working of nictnls. Hm- vchicb* in wlm-h m- 
ride, tbe lights we hum. the food we cut. the tlulhrn we 
wear— everything excepting only tlic air we Ineatlie. uud 
even Uial, loo, indirectly Ihmugh the couutlem vi-nlilnling 
device*— rest upon and in some «b-gree air tributary to jwi- 
entN. Aim! in pixiportion to the iuulli|ilicall>in of llie'i-. mi 
do the labors of live I’Hlent ttfflcc- increase It is only a few 
year* since tbe subject of electricity ami its applications 
wa* relegnied to a suh ehu* in the depatlmcnt of pluNs- 
KiphlcaMiiHiruments; it now exliausts the energlea of two 
great division* of Uic office 

Of tbe vusl army of inventions which quietly fall into 
their appointed places in Hmi indnstrh* of the rnnnlry the 
public bears hut little. It simply gets belter ur clieaper 
giNsla iu a consequence of them, and onlv as lime null* 00 
does their gradual nccrvCiou muke it plain that a innlevial 
advance in miim art Inc* Into made, It is the loudly trump. 
CleiJ coolri vont-e " boomed ” by the promoter's skill in tbe 
newspaper* and wire rover men do eongrrgulc which wc— 
and. alas, our pocket* — know most about. 

The Inlmr of the Patent Office I* lurel drudgery, performed 
Without the aid of even fairly adequate facihlics. From 
tlie Commissioner who premie* over it* affair* cbiwnwaul 
through all grade*, its employe* are overtaxed and under- 
paid. nor is Usm- • ven the stimulus of personal fame t<> Imi 
achieved for brilliant or long and faithful service. Nochiug 
goes on but lire inccNsaut grinding of Hie mill, of wliich Urn 
official is but n part of the uirchnriisiu and the grist of which 
in the year Just closed (larger than ever before) whs over 
M.OOO patent*. Time show* no diminution in the iulltix of 
new blew* coming lien*, and the Nutmeg Stale, true lo ber 
traditions, still muinluins tlie lead, as *Im- uas done for year*. 

Our patent system Im* tiuw lieea iu force fora cewlitry. 
It ha* proved n must potent factor iu the dercloprnenl of 
the new runlineiil. Next to tl*e Inventors ittnuwlnx. w« 
owe to it more thiui to all else our unexampled jivogrrs* iu a 
people in every art aud every Industry. It lias afforded a 
stimulus to discovery powerful beyond all original cuaicrp 
lion. TIhi Yaukce inventor is typical, and hi* work Iiim 
long since been reengnizrd a* nulMrlpping praise. But 
among all Id* luvenllooM he bus never contrived anything 
half *<> iugenious as he did when he luvcuUxl thu system 
whereby h« makes luuiaelf iuvcuL 


\ 


APRIL u, tain 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


2C9 





THE ITALIAN NAVY. 

I* * part period On prime fat-tor put in ihe 
front, t-xpretning I be naval supremacy of a stale, 
w **■ "number of guns." (Jan* can never low llirir 
potentiality. but It b rather Hie quality of gun* 
Ilian (Mr quantity which the nary expert of to 
•lay consider*. Tonnage b (lie imuu question, ami 
Own come* the subdivision* of such tonnage, 
whether the vessels lie of wood or steel, of light 
or heavy draught. Tons then represent gun*. the 
hitter depending ou the former. Efficiency of guns, 
adaptability for particular exigencies, are eve rlast- 
iug topics which will never tie exactly established. 

The chance* of the nggn-Mive action of any 
European stale aa far as the United Stale* is con- 
celtieij nr. remote, It 1*. however, obvious that any 
aerimts nttaek luntle could only he o*rri«d on by a 
foreign navy. The subject for ronxidrrntion is 
not one nf prnlailiililiea. but rnlber of poMlhilillea. 
Such dealnicttvo force* as might lie employed by a 
naval enemy would be exploited by means of war 
ships of the first, arcnnil. and perhaps Uiird clam, 
armed with heavy guns. Our own leading army 
ajid navy authorities have told us over ami over 
again dial an enemy's fleet, si sunned four or Are 
mlh* distant from Bendy Ilook, could drstroy 
property in New York worth hundred* of mllliona. 
The ojqiortiinlty to inflict injury on n* by meana 
of guns haring lour ranges might occur but once. 
It Is questionable whether U could bn repealed, but 
it is depressing to even fancy that such a thing U 
practicable. 

The defence would lie simply a question of guns 
mounted on tbc land, for we have not ship* enough 
to hold at bay a foreign licet The matter of our 
placing guns In p>»Hinn to resist a naval attack la 
not, however, quite so simple as It aeetna A I* 
though tlie efficiency of a gun on Uie land may lie 
ten tune* greater Ilian that of one on a mobile base 
such as a ship. Ihe United States still labors under 
disadvantages. We have not got the heavy guns. 
We could nut build them in sufficient number un- 
der a twelvemonth . and w lien 
a year is stated ns the limit 
of lime necessary for l be cun- 
slructJoii of a heavy piece of 
ordnance, nur ingenuity and 
nieclmnicul abilities may ha 
vaunted beyond their capa- 
city of exmitlon. 

What, then, is the Italian 
nary, and how la It com- 
posed’ It has a total to day 
of probably MS vcaacls. In 
IMW there Were 252 vessels in 
commission, and during last 
yrwr 1? others, of which 8 
were Irua-clatK *«« being 
built. one of them nearly fin- 
ished Of till* flret. I 2 are 
first -class. 18 second ■ els**, 
and 10 third das* war ships. 

Their tonnage altogether waa 
IM.2H6 tun*. Their mins, in- 
cluding the iron cliul recent- 
ly luuurhrd. niimla-ml 388, 

The remainder of Ihe fleet is 
made up of transports, vessels 
for local lb-fence, such as la 
goon gun Isials. torpedo vrs 
nrls, strain torpedo barge*, 
etc It would tie, tlien, the 
w ar ship* of Ihe flr*t.aecuiid. 
n lid thud • lass only wbu Is, if 
Italy should dioumi to make 
an attack, would bo srnt 
across the ocean. 

Ill JMtra SJtipa of ITor,* 


Sir Edward .1 Heed pm. 
sects the details of Ibut ;lue 
vessel the Ihulio. Her dt*. 

E lan-incut la 11.140 tons; 

nc*«- power, 7?(XI; greatest 
thickness of armor, 22 inch- 
es , and ll*c heaviest of her 
four guns ore of 1 01 tons 
each. Tbc Da iuM" ». as u t 
tonnage, a sister ship, with 
the same horsepower, with 
a slightly deeper draught. 
Tile new ships building are 
one of 18,00(1 ions, the oth- 
ers of 11.000 Iona. Tbo 
Italia, the largest sldp in 
serTiee, is of 13,000 tnma, 
w ith 18.000 horse - power, 
nml a speed of 18 knots 
Her gun* arc of I lie heavi- 
es! There are four other 
•hips running over 13,uu0 
tons, and rock is presented 
ns having a speed of 18 
knots, derived from itn in- 
dicated liorse-powrr of 10,- 
500. .Moat of these vtmeJa 
have armor of 22 inebc*. 
and turrets IS inciie# thick. 
Of the tmnller ships, the 
Amrriffo ITwpauY*' repre- 
M-nta the l«*t type of tbc 
Heoad class. Her ditplacr- 
nient In metric tons is 2388. 
lier horse power SOM. and 
she bus a speed nf |& knots. 
There can be little question 
that the Ihiilio and Dan- 
rlnfi*. of Hie eenltnl citadel 
type, are among the most 
powerful sliips in the world, 
with a destructive energy 
which can hatdly lie measured. The Italian navy 
hat a total of 41.000 mm. though in rase of war, 
with the reserve, her total would include rhwe to 
88.000 men For ripens**, ordinary ami extrmor- 
dinary, Italy spent on her navy, in 1800, 121,465.- 
210 lire. In meet Ibis heavy outlay. Italy haa a 
del* nf 451,000,000 pounds sterling. 

Providing the exportation* of our capable Bee- 
retary of tlie Xavjr are fulfilled, some time in 
1803 we niay have a 27,122 tonnage of first clam 
vessel*, nml of secoedclflM vessels a tonnage of 
10,403, or a total of 40.585. Suppose two navlea 
lie rmutriK-U-d, a possible 48. 5*5, with a pretty 
marly certain navy tonnage In flret, secivnd. ami 
third class vessels of 1M.S80T Tlie Italian navy 
has actually more than four tons to on* of ours, 
and our own navy is only In the far future, and 
therefore, uncle** a* a comparison. 


A SUNDAY AT VERSAILLES. 

That good Americana when they die go to 
Paris is considered to be Ki faithful nn expression 
of our devotion to Ibat city that it bus Uni pro- 
moted almost to the rank of a proverb; hut If it 
were true In fact, it is doubtful wU-lber ihe leal 
of Americans who made 111* noMilistanlUl plea- 
sure Irip in llie summer months would gain a 
very great advantage over the wicked Americana 
who go— well, who do not go to Paris, at all 
cTrnls. For Faria in August is hot. nortentuushr 
bot. The hi nod bright streets and interminable 
ranges of white buildings burn blindingly under 
the noon-dav sun, and though the wall* serin to 
fling lack tbe rays of heat until they strike tbc 
perspiring pedestrian with wrllnigb Uk- force of a 
physical blow, they yet absorb sufficient calorie 
to render thn nlglus long drawn periods of stilling 
penance. Sight Bering under three conditions be 
comes a labor, and we were congratulating our- 
selves, aa we loafed in tbe moderately cool dark 
nres of our sluing- reran one Huudny afternoon, 
that there waa really nothing that «c ought to 


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270 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV. , SO. 1T90 


1 


do. ‘Hie rc*xln*a stamping of l hr wTetclHrl 
cub borers roasting on tire street outside. ite- 
rattle und Jingle of their hariiero a* they 
Mrove to repel tire swarming hosts of pern 
rmriou* flic-*. lire linkliuc of the cocn-reltere' 
hells; the disheartened chirrup of Ike spur 
rows, Ihoao usually irrepremlble garni** of 
till- bird world, and Hie warm lurry smell 
Hint flouted III hrtween the Glinted sluts of 
the Venetian Winds from the nu lling, blister- 
ing asphalt — all combined l« assure u« that 
our Inalni'M was merely u J US tillable wlf-pro- 
I return against asphyxia mid sunstroke. 

Suddenly the bearer of the camera. a dos- 
Iterate shot " hunter, « bum HO degree nf rrn 
Intrude can daunt, broke Use silence, uudis 
tnrte-rt till then save by au occasional gasp, 
or by the tniiaieiil clink of ice against the 
side*’ of tumbler*. He had been Indolently 
sen nuing the advetUatmcola of n morning 
pq-er. and wlu-n he threw it intern corner 
and sprang to hi* feet, we groanedtn antici- 
pation. for we knew tlmt lie had found some 
painful pleasure that we were mining at our 
ea.se. 

"S»y, you people. ” lie shouted— positively 
shouted — " wake up and come on. or we shall 
be too late''' 

"Too late for w hat T“ drawled one of us. 

"For Yerrolllc* " 

" llang Versailles! We've done It We're 
tram |>ed through all Utoatt ronrls ami gullet 
Ic*. and seen all those pictures and portrait*, 
und i don't want to have I.ouis tjuatorze or 
Marie Antoinette mentioned to roe again in 
ten yearn." 

"Yes-, but you haven't seen the fountnina 
play What are you going tn feel like when 
you are asked far away in the West what you 
thought of the water work* which the people 
of I'nris turn on for your benefit, free of 
clearer. once a month, at u coat of ten thou- 
sand francs to themselves. and when you ure 
fenced to confess that you wouldn't go ami 
see them? There's two Ihourand dollars' 
worth of water being spurted into the air 
over there, and you've got to come and wit* 
nes» the performance.'' 

ttf cimr-re we had to go; the hearer of the 
cumi-ra Is nut to lw gainsaid when Im has 
tune made up bia mind, aud Inilv there was 
a pleasant suggestion of freshness hIniiiI foun- 
tain* that day. We needed thnse imagining* 
of flashing water* to uipjxirt u« during tlie 
forty minutes' nail way Journey from tire Gave 
Mon1paruo*ac on the Hive Gutidre. We 
ought to have stalled lung before to tivoltl 
the thtutiging crowds that filled the station 
und the trains, but our tyrant declared that 
tlii* was the chance he sought for securing 
some photographs of typical Parisian*, and 
from that point of view our weakly abandon- 
ment of our desire to drive was Jnmlhd. 
There were sixteen people in our carriage, 
und all undoubted types. 

TIm- IVl ilea Enux were already playing 
vigorously when we arrived, and the frogs 
and tudoua on lire red marble step* -if tire 
Basdn du Intone were bombarding the white 
marble goddess with liquid shaft* a* we 
made our way— post an orange-tree that was 
young when Fraufob Premier wa* king. near 
Tv live centuries ago — to tire great Unrein 
Je Neptune; for we had decided to wait there 
for lire Grande* Kaux. instead of thrusting 
with lire rabble from sight to sight. Dur- 
ing the pause 'Hie guardian of the guide- 
book" Insisted upon giving us all the Infer 
nation sire conk I l» ml.' How tbe palace and 
grounds cost #300.000. POO; liow an aqueduct 
to supply the fountains wa* to have been 
■unde to Maiutemui. 81 miles away, hut wa* 
ulnndoned because *o many soldiers died at 
the uuwlwh-rome work, how Hie water i* 
now obtained from Marly, *ome eight miles 
to the north, where it L* pumped up 500 feel, 
from the S-ine below, ill the rate of 88,550 
cubit- feet an hour; how— Hut here, happi- 
ly. the fountains began. l’p. up into the air 
soared lire snowy column* of riidiing water, 
until the topmost foam feathers wen- dancing 
and glancing against the blue buckgruUDil 
of the summer *kr, 75 feel above the many 
colored flower bed of xpeclotora. For tweii 
ty minutes we cared and wondered, too ab- 
sorbed by Hie dazzling beauty ami radiance 
of the scene to attempt to exchange opildoiu 
above the mar and splash of the count lean 
water jets, and then, slowly, as they hud 
bourgt-oiicd from lire level surface, they with- 
ered away, and nothing but the tumbling 
ripple* ami ln*t twinkling drop* remaim-d to 
spell* of the gl'iry llwl had lieen A* we 
drove back in Uir twilight after dinner we 
passed a vole of thunk* to thr "brarer of 
lire snap shot content, ami iigmd tlmt the 
discomfort* of the heat ami harden of tire 
day had lieen repaid a thousandfold. 


THE 1 VISIBILITY OF COMMERCE 
OS THE GREAT LAKES. 

Tio. I raffle on the Great Lake* for 1*W» 
wa* large and proHlablr In tire rurrirr*. A* 
compared with tes», it showed fully as great 
an average volume with no very remarkable 
viu i»< ioii* Tire principal articles In wlilcli 
tlreie wa* an im ivaw of considcrnldc amount 
over ISSH were Hour, barley, feed, lumber, 
lath*. Lard, and lead. Tin- principal article* 
dinning a dwrvniM- were wlrent. corn. out*, 
rye. shingles, seed. iltld wool, Taking all 
grain together. tlrere was adrerense of 1.9U5,- 
un-j bushel* ; hut adding Hour in the shape 
of wlreat, tlrere wa* all increase of Oil). 852 
teidreU In both IStfl aud 181)0 the total of 
all grain, including tluur reduced to wheat, 



wa* almost 180.000.000 bushels. Tbe IIS,- 
tt5H.Hr> teisbels carried by hike in 18U0. if 
pul into raihoad ear*, each holding 000 
bii*hel«. would have lilted 198,368 curs av. 
enuring nlioiit forty feet in extreme length 
IT ilrey were coupled together they would 
make a I nun 1503 miles long, nr an un- 
broken string nf ear* extending from New 
York to nearly 500 mile* wc*t of Chicago. 
It would hare taken PHI prtipellen like the 
Catgut* Jl'i/t. the Amrrirn, or the KmUg V. 
H'./'f to carry this quantity of grain, provided 
each of tiiem look 110.000 Inidiel* for n Inad, 
Tire grain would have loaded 14.870 canal 
Imat* bolding 80011 bu-bcU each. It was 
moved for lire must pari to HufTuln from 
Chicago, West Superior, Duluth, and Mil- 
waukee. 

Aside from grain, 8.500.000 tons of Iron 
ore were- brought from lire Lake Superior 
mines to port* upon Lake Erie in IWHt. Tlii* 
wa* an increare of 8.500,000 ton* over 1«W, 
and of 8.800.000 ton* over 1887 

In Ixdh ixs« anil IriPO alsait 8.500,000 tons 
of coal were shipped from Ike seven ports 
on Lake Erie as lire return cargo to the upper 
hike*. The seven porta etui handle 75 IHX) 
tons daily along tlieir sixteen mile* of dork*. 
The latest appliance* have mode it possible 
both to haul and to unload III about one te-iiili 
of (lie time formerly required by hand. White 
groin, iron, nnd eoal ate the InrgMt item* In 
the carrying trade of the Great l-uke*. yet 
tlrere i* n present leodeney to carry mlacel- 
latreou* freight that ha* formerly breu trans- 
ported by tire railroads. 

This Immense traffic by warer has lieen 
made poasible by the building of vereela of 
u largeT size than ha* hitherto lieen attempt- 
ed upon the Great Ijike*. Tire average toil 
nage of vessels built for the carrying trade 
did not reach more than 1000 urn* until with- 
in the bust ten year*. About that distance 
buck a large number of vessels fiw tbe curry- 
ing of grain, coal, and iron were built after 
tire muiincr used to «nmr extent on Uir Erie 
Cana). In fact, they wrre merely enlarge- 
ments of the steam canal boat ami its con- 
sort — the engitre being placed in the forward 
teiut ami llu- consort depending upon the 
engine of that boat for its motive power. 
White such a method a* thU was an Im- 
provement upon tire old style of propeller*, 
und even upon the large sixes of Mailing craft, 
yet It was found that the margin of profit 
was ton small. Tire gain or l«m» uf a single 
round trip often made thr difference tret ween 
paying a dividend or nut paying it So the 
development of the Immense freight carriers 
that have lieen built within the last three or 
four vents eanre about throsigh the natural 
demand of capitalists for a fair return upon 
fheir investments. 

On the lake* tlie shallow barbor* and river 
passage*, tire sudden storms, the trecerelty of 
frequently irankferrlug rargo, ami iiiauy 
other inland fentnres hove placed the navi- 
gators on quite n different fooling from all 
other* Lur king the length of time Moemnr 
to invest the lake* with romance such n* «« 
enjove*) by tire shore* ami harbor* of the 
Mediterranean, the Sault (.'anal, a passage of 
little account half a dozen year* ago, ha* nl 
ready outstripped the ranted Sire/ t'niial In 
it* traffic, ana tire rrueb passing through it 
ure now equal in sire to any of the ocean 
• craft ex.epl tbtste of tire flr*t ela««. An ex 
)iert In steam shi|Mt rail* from Liverpool last 
summer to make a tour of the great hike*, 
lie expressed his sururiM at lire exoellenre 
of the lnke Ini lit rank nn«l lie declared that 
tlrey would eomiiare well with the steamer* 
built on tire Clyde, and that in some respect* 
tlrey were superior. 

About 1SR3 the hullihnc of iron «hi|v> *»• 
begun on the upper lake*, hut within tlie 
past three year* the u*e of light steel Ira* 
taken its place. The nnmlH-r of iron and steel 
Tewcb iMiill in I<Hf7 was 81. lu 18W. 00; In 


18ri9, 58; in 1880 (estimated). 50. Tire value 
of the V ewe la built ha* risen from fl.iNW.oOO 
In lri8? in |ri. 500,000 in 1H80. While the 
numls-r of vnucl* built ill 1800 wa* not a* 
greut us It wa* in IteW, yet the differenre in 
the carrying capodlv, or the grow UMtllage, 
was remarkable Tlie grow funnage of the 
marls built in 1887 was only 88,000; in 1888 
anil 18H# It was a trifle over 100.000; hut in 
POO it amounted to almost 150,0011 Cleve- 
land lead* all i direr port* on tire lake* for the 
number ami tonnage of vrssrls built. Taken 
by custom* districts, the tonnage of die had- 
ing port* on lire lake* is as follow*. Cleve- 
land. 903.855; lluffalo. 158.037; Detroit. 
187.890; Huron i:«,i«l; Milwaukee, 00.834; 
Chicago. 71.984. 

The latest figure* show that the average 
vessel of the new tonnage on the Great Lake* 
I* far In ex ere* of the average vessel of the 
new tonnage built along the American *ra- 
cori't*. The *hiti builders ujuin the lake* are 
taking great prisle tn the new vi-wh-U that are 
la-ing produced every year at more than a 
dozen ship yard*. I ntll the y«ar ItWi there 
sreinrd to Ic no effort la rbnngr thr stanslard 
nusiel of building vesnels ttpixn the lake*. 
Tire first steamer* usrd for carrying freight 
u|ton tin- lake* had rather hrond and blunt 
hows, after the manner of ranal Imut*. Then 
the Iww- was leugtbemid. until snnie of tire 
lake vrstrl* havr almost as graceful lines as 
any of the ocean cruft. They were all built 
u|>nn tbe principle that a heavy draught and 
a deep bow were required to Itehl the waves, 
after lire innnnre of a salt water steamer 
But in Item n wholly different theory was 
advanced by Captiilo Alexantler McDotigaN. 
that a vessel could ride tire wave* with leu* 
n-slslaoce than to cut them through wllb a 
deep anil sharp bow. 8<i Captain MeDou- 
gall, u Scote-hinini from the Clyde, designed 
what i* enllcd the " whalr-tark ’’ After 
the atipearam-e of lire Hr* I one. known a* 
•• 101 . ’ he fnrmrd the American Steel Barge 
Company, hrrumr it* general manager, and 
built seven more of the same model at Du- 
luth. after which the plant was moved to 
Went Superior, adjoining Duluth Tin- most 
eelrlirated vessel on tire lakrs is tlie (V- 
j“i /*• Haft, of which an lllustraliuii is given 
This steamer has a length of 270 feet and 
» lienm of ISO feet. While the veswl draws 
from 13 to 10 feet when loaded— about the 
same draught a* the large vesrel* of Hie 
iisiu! model— ret thr rleplh of lire t'-Jgrtt* 
Haft is only 83 feet, ns against 25 la 80 fur 
the oilier vewsla. Tlie registered tonnage U 
1008 but tire carrying capacity i* 3420 too*, 
or M.IO0 bushel* of grain. ’ Tire engine* 
are Hire ami aft compound: lire dinnreler* of 
lire cylinders nre 28 ami 48 Inches, and tire 
stroke is 42 inrhe*. Strum i* fumi*hed 
from two ricotch iN-lk-ra. with a pressure 
of Kit) iiound* to tire square inrb. The fW- 
gurc Ifrift nuule tin- ts-'' time on record on 
her trial trip from Dulutli to Buffalo. Tire 
lH-*t day's mileage made by this tent wnsIKte. 
A* many as 17 mileaan lui'ir have te-en made 
with a light hml. nud 15 mile* oil hour with 
n heavy load Tire n«ernge speed with u 
imslerale load i* 14| mite* an hour. 

In Odote-r. lsWi. the l',tt/jalr II, /ft r-ame 
down lire Itelmit Hirer in com pan v with tire 
M.irat . i ami the FArrMUM IF /'-l/iurr, Is.th ..f 
the latter Is-ing r«-**e|* of thr standard mml- 
el It wa* claimed at lire time tlmt tire 
/Vuirr lieat tire (Wflw/r //••*/ and tire M>i- 
ratyt. The explanalion* said t<» have te-en 
given by two of the captain* sleiw a peeu- 
liiiritv tbnt i* perlmp* not confined to mnri 
ner* iipm lire Great Lakes. 

Captain of tire Murttba : ' Well, let me 
tell you tlie truth of tire whole thing Tbo 
U,ft wnntcil n Irrusli. anal 1 tlinuglit I'd give 
It tfl her. I didn’t want to teat her bad. 
just wanted to worry along close to her I 
didn't kuow tbe iwwei* wanted u nice 1 
would bare given hrr uuc if ber taplaiu hod 


ust asked for it. I never noticed bitn. If 

had. I would have run him out of sight in 
six hour*. 1 could do it without much trou- 
ble too." 

ICrpnrtry to captain of fVgra/r I lev) '• What 
fa the reason you dhlu'l Ireat lire f\ilm*r and 
.V'lrubtif Can't you make the run in lew 
than nineteen hour* ? - 

Captain of Catgut* Haft: "Throe fellow* 
were racing by tbein-clves. I didn't know 
they were racing- If I lutd, I would have 
run both nut of sight in four hour*. 1 wasn't 
In good racing shape cither Two of lire 
firemen were sick, the engineer was sick, 
and we had a lot of dust, stone*, nnd iron 
ore for fuel. If tboae fellow* think that they 
can race, let them rome on." 

The " whale-hack” has a lmw shaped like 
the small end of a cigar, and the deck I* 
arched, like tire hack of a turtle or a whale, 
alm-ixt from the water's edge. There ure 
no upper works, In the ordinary senae of lire 
term, except a *mall turret at either end of 
tbe craft. Tbe irtreatlug cut water make* 
the lmw rrscmMc that of n strainer on tbe 
Western rivrra. ” Whnle-backs" are built 
of various dimension*. The size of their 
engine* i* small in comparison with vessel* 
Hint will carry as large load* It i* claimed 
tlmt they run make better «|>e<-d with n large 
load than vc**cl» of any other model ran at 
lain. The most expensive of tbe "whale- 
buck*." tire Calf, it* ll"ft. rrat about (140,000. 
or half the cost nf the lnrgrr vessel* Inillt 
after the standard mode), with deeply pern- 
trnting Isiw* It is also rlaimed tbut vessel* 
of the hitter model cannot make money In 
competition with tire "whale- lawks," which 
are built with iioiliing III view ten a maxi 
mum carrying capacity at a minimum crot . 
and that the next season, w Ith several more 
" whale lack**' In commission, w ill show tire 
advantage of this miulel over all others. 

In Captain McDougall'* tJilp-ynrd at West 
Superior about luCIO men nre constantly cm 
■dovexl in turning out u fleet of • w Irate 
(lin k*,” and one of them is launrbed about 
every sixty duvs during tire liu*y season 
Seven vessel* of thi* type an now under way 
A lirnmh of tire yard ha* lieen cslntilished 
In Hnsiklyn, and two •• whnlr hacks " have 
nln-ailv been launelreil nl llinl place. They 
were known a* the “301 " and the "202 '' 
and they hail u caparily of IXMI tons each. 
Larger ve»oels of tbe satire sort are to be built 
at lire Brooklyn yard They will be used in 
tbe coasting trade between N r ew Bedford nnd 
Bultimore.en rrying coni im the southern trip 
and miscelUneiuis freight on tire northern 
trip. 

If the " whole Imck "is to be the coming 
model uf freight carrier, lire fact will te-drm 
onstraled upon tbe Great Lukes within tbe 
next two years. The building of boats upon 
tire lakes and lire rate* for carrying freight 
have l-itli te-en bused upon n druiigbt or 13 
feet. Tire appropriation made by tbe United 
Slates government for tire work in progress 
on tlre.S»ult Ste. Marie Canal will giveadeptb 
of 20 feet This will moke it nreewtarv to 
<h<r|reti the rlianirel through the flat* of the 
St. Clair. It is known that parties are ready 
to guarantee the budding of ship* that will 
carry fl(M»l tons if IX feet of water i* *rcured . 
mid uf NXMl to I0.UUO tun* if 20 feet of water 
i* seeurr*l- Stemhl vessel* of the latter 
draught be built Ui reach Buffalo from Du 
lulh. and should the navignhlr 811 miles of tbe 
Uptrer lludoin lie derpetirsl. ns Is propotred 
Is-fore Congr«-*n, tire snts-dy enlargement of 
the Erie Canal will follow. It will then 
l» pus- it'lc for lake steiinrera of tbe largest 
*ize to |His* tlirougb to New York, orryeu to 
Europe. The bottle between tbe '' wliale- 
laarks " ami tire *t mu lard moilel of tbe freight 
carry mg vessel has ev ideal I v just com meoccd 
It will lie IntereMing to watch tire nrogre** 
of tire contest, and to ree which will be the 
winner. 


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HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


271 



I'kLEM MMKTNIKO I.JirOKXaBRN happen* 
in the ninn time, when that Yak-Harvard 
race eomes off at New Lnndou. it will be l bo 
* most exciting of any wo have awn in ye an. 
There appear* to Ire no fp-est difference in 
tbo two crew*. Each ha* had conMtnUi 
material to develop. ami both Lave shown 
steady improvement. A* I watch*.*! the Har- 
vard ureu on the river. I *aw enough to con- 
vince me that Harvard boating H decidedly 
alive. To be wire. It was barge row tug. but 
there «u a rcruiti regularity to ike "treat’’ 
wlilclt pictured mo grcidly. 

Captain Perkins vu nTHOHwa. ami 1 
coolcaa I wan pleaatully surprised in him. 
If bis endurance proves equal Vo the demands 
of the partition, bo is unquestionably Uie mun 
for tbe place. HU work is made much easier 
hv having a man like Kellon at seven than it 
u’uuldbe If a weaker oar were trying 10 back 
him up He give* a fairly good "brat" to 
the stroke, and bis form la a little above tbe 
average. How tiiurb of tlie drive lio ban in 
bint f cannot say. for bo ba* never Uvu pul 
to tbe Uwt. It won t lake many week* to net- 
tle ibis polul, however. Helton, in spile of 
tbe fact that Ire in rowing on lire opposite 
■klr cif the brat from where he worked hut 
year. Is doing extremely well. He bide fair 
to pnll an nlroug an our us wan ever the boort 
of any '7V tutu, and what in more, be will pull 
it u well. Vail, ui six, while by no urns 
wliat might be called a finished oar. is never- 
theless doing well, ul leant Ills fault a HI not 
noticeable enough to itnoudiately attract at- 
tention. If he kerpa at it. and use* hi* twain* 
as Well as hi* uiusclc*. Ire wilt be able to take 
a portion of tlie load from Helton's shoal- 
den. 

Hantocl. at five, was the first break in 
tbe boat, lie doea not appear to quite till the 
place , a little out of Ibe swing, a lull* behiuil . 
be would do better if be were nearer tbe bow. 
Powers. at four, was rowing smoothly, but his 
stroke wan not n particularly strong one; not 
a good clean sweep from start to finish. 
Shaw, who Mt behind him, hail apparently 
some difficulty in following him, Shaw * 
work shows marked improvement since 1 
naw him last, in February, and i* evidently 
tlie result of personal interest and puinslakiug 
efforts, He has Uie strength; the skill and 
fluislud ntyle will come later. unles* 1 am 
much mi* taken in the man. Wliat glorious 
work we should *cc in all our college lean* 
and crew* if every muu were actuated by a 
like Impulse, rslfrer than an impa»i*e ac- 
ceptance ireccsailaUug lire ctxsch to positively 
drum iu bis ilrttrUCUoa! Lcyuun, at two. 
was rowing in much improved form. Hi-* 
movements were not *0 stiff, and more in ac- 
cordance with those of Uie other men in the 
boaL Evidently the private coaching be bat 
becu receiving f min Mr. Watson ban not been 
thrown away. Cummings, at bow, was work 
lug wotl. nml in a promising manner. Jones, 
Shaw, and Walrus were not out. 

Hiruuixo cr the imprewion made by tire 
crew, to be brief, it wa*. generally speaking, 
favorable. Tbe point* which I particularly 
noted were; met) in good condition, with 
plenty of beef . a good ; ’ beat " to tbe stroke, 
with 'ample ]s.>wer to sustain it; excellent 
Inboard work in fairly good time, and with 
■ long easy swing. On tlie other li *od, 
lire watermansliip is not what It should tie, 
even this early in the season. It wa* not 
so good a* that nbnwu by tire '88 crew, 
which 1 bad seen ouly a' few moment* 
previously. Tbe crew must absolutely pay 
more attention to pair oar work, and lhai 
very soon, or the men will ft ml themselves 
sadly out of place when they get into their 
shell. It is loo early in tbe season's work to 
criticise the iluer poiuls of individual work, 
but there is room for great improvement in 
each man s catch and fluisli, ami in handling 
bis oar wlreu going against the wind. Tire 
first principle of watermanship. ' keep your 
(sir off Uie water on the recover.' seems 
thus far to be entirely unknown to the mn 
Jonty of tbe crew. Tire exhibit ion of Sphmll- 
toir to wbk'li I wo* treat'd would have been 
deplorable in a scratch crew. 

The qtrKxrtos how arms. What will 
Harvard do for a 008011? Ada tin hu* really 
done very well with tire men. but the lime 
lias arrived when their work muM be wiper 
vised by a more rriUcnl eye. They are just 
at dial period when failure to eradicate 
emirs l* likely to make them habitual and 
serious. It is gratifying to note that tire ad- 
vice given on ibis subject In this column a 
month ago has had lire desired effect, at bust 
to a limited extent. Mr. Harry Here* .wboin 
we named as tbe proper man fur tin* very 
important port, will Lake the men in hand 
this week for a few days’ coaching, and I 
shall expect to sec rapid improvement iu Uie 
handling of oar*. It Is not enough that Mr. 
Keyes remain* with Uie crew a few clays; in 
suiire way or another, lie must helttduwd to 
stay at futnbridgv from now until the crew 
gue* to New Eood.iii. This hi made tree**- 
wry by the fact Unit Harvard, unlike Yale, 
has change*! her policy so often that it ho* 
been impossible to develop any -superior 
Coochiog material at the college. Mr Heyca 
turned out last reason one of the lies! crew* 


Harvard lias bad in many years, and if a race 
is ever to lie wnn from Yale, tbe lines must 
be picked up where they were left last year. 
Harry Keyes is lire man to do it. and now is 
the day uinl hour for work On this husis, 
and under Keyes, I see no reason why liar 
vard should uot send a fast crew to New 
London, without him, and a return to lire 
same old erratic policy, and the 'varsity can 
didate* might n* well pul up their oars 
now, and save Uie expenw of a trip to New 
London. 

I HAD A tiASTT c.lance at tire Yale crew tbe 
last afternoon it worked ou the Schuylkill 
River under conch Cook. It was just finish- 
ing two bourn of rtiff work, and baldly to lie 
recognised as tbe rtt of two week* previous. 
The crew were greatly improved, particularly 
in the recovery. Their hands went sway quick- 
ly, smoothly, and uniformly, their slide* went 
up slowly, steadily, no rushing down to lire 
cnlch wiili a jerk, the Iswi's p co gres a never 
being retarded In the slightest. Hagvrmali 
box improved so much that be i* *uru to he- 
cumc one of tbe best nieu in the boat There 
are greut hopw nf Hcffrifingcr. who is much 
ahead of hi* Urt year's furai. Paine, the 
other heavy welglii, Is also doing well, and 
altogether Vale is feeling considerably eu- 
eoo raged. We will have a look Ht tbo" men 
when llrey get settled once again at New 
Haven, and see If they retain tire iidvoutagw 
gained in the Easter vneation trip. 

The Princeton Harvard base ball sit- 
uation remains unchanged at this writing. 
Harvard has nut vet replied to Princeton's 
request to name dares satisfactory to the Ad- 
visory Committee, nml in tbe mean time tbo 

undergraduate* at Cambridge are beginning 

10 realm.' the ludicrous position they occupy. 
There is a strung probability that this and 
otlrer mutters wililead to a rebellion. at being 
treated like school- hoy* of no Judgment, and 
an eventual emancipation from the labyrinth 
nf nliotmuablr committer* that bumper liar- 
vard athletes la sure to follow. 

After the New York ai.irni of Yale 
nml Harvard had shown sufficient Interest in 
the matter to offer n #-’>00 cup far an annual 
competition In hUiIcUc* between the two, the 
least return, it seems, would liavc I wen to 
accept it graciously On Saturday tbe rep- 
resentatives as provided in Uie Deed of Gift 
met. Yale wa* ready to accept; but liar 
vard. notwithstanding tire fact Ihnt tbit Deed 
of Gift bad been at Cambridge two weeks, as 
usual wMixd to do so provisionally; or. in 
other words, the Harvard representatives 
must run home and consult one or more of 
the various committees fa-fore giving a de- 
cision. More sportsmassbip and lea* legisla- 
tion it wliat we desire. 

The plain statement op facts in Uii* 
column lost week regarding tin- proponed re- 
volver rbumpioDsliip ha* an-nknml sports 
men to the absurdity of the affair, ami unit** 
a change. anil a radical one ul Hint, i* made 
in the present condition*. Uie best Bitot* In 
tlie country are not likely in eater. All sen- 
sible spoilsmen are protesting; loudly against 
conduc ting a national championship on such 
It narrow basis. A. C. GoulJ. editor uf Shoot 
lag anti Pithing. a strong writer and thor- 
ough sportsman, sent out hji able editorial 
protest last week, nml all are joining In the 
crusade against this farcical championship. 
It seem* remarkable that any one could (si 
found to father so silly an affair as a revol- 
ves championship on a twenty-yard range 
indoor*, and with the whole (MUU} a* a 
shooting ground, It sounds very much like 
a scheme we should expect to see concoct- 
«1 by the slmoting-gallery owners of the 
country to muke profitable an otherwise 
dull season. It i« nut of all question to say 
lhai a contest shot in different wetions of 
the country would Ire a correct coin par I son 
of skill. 1 1 would la- a* sensible as to declare 
that shooting iu n gallery with light charges 
represents the capabilities of cilTwr ronn or 
revolver There sre plenty of apoftamoi in 
this country who would hr glad to see an 
amateur revolver chain xdonsfaip. and willing 
to lend their support, hut not to any such 
affair as this Hung proponed, with its silly 
conditions of a twenty-yard in-door range, 
tbe entire Lotted tkalea as shooting field, 
and tbe stmts limited to six. 

Tmk m«AL xikimxn in the Jumping coo- 
tetfe at The Hiding Club, to decide the win- 
ner of the Challenge Cup offered by Mr. J. 
Henry Alexaudre. and lire Consolntjnn Cup 
givrn by Mr Irelm, was held March ik'lli 
Miss Cary, having second score in tire cham- 
pion contest, held tire Challenge Cup, which 
she must win twice before it became her per- 
sonal property Mr. Key ml, mi hi* horse 
Hdioouer, rode against AIhb Cary on Susan 
Neither one of tlie animals Jumped up to its 
best form. Susan knocked down a hurdle; 
Brhooner wa* liamperad by his rider's bands, 
and a tic was declared. Iu tire jump riff 
Mi«* (-'ary rode admirably'. t>u*uii tipped 
only twice, frequently jumping from a trot ; 
while Schooner made one (ml fault at the 
high hurdle, which gave Susan lire Woe rlb- 
1-10 and cup. In the contest for lire Convo- 
lution Cup. Morgan, owned by Mr ftcadlr*- 
ton- and ridden by Mr Fred Bull, and Mr. 
11, W lllet's horse, both made the circuit suc- 
cessfully, but were beaten by Schooner, which, 
although hitting a hunlle, jumped most clev- 
erly. taking off loo clow, however, in <sm se- 
quence of tbe pull his rider kept upou iiiiu. 


Tilt s kn ds A OUMFMniOH which io its way 
ha* accomplished a deal for the general eques- 
trian educatio n , and yet shown how much 
more can be done in tire future. Of course 
the chief object of three jumping content* «* to 
give a firniire.o, of real mid general confidence 
that lire not to be obtained in any other way 
half so lie. roughly. Mid which lire absolutely 
neottaary it crow-country riding U to he taken 
up. Incidentally a certain amount of school- 
ing is given the horse. When it 1* evident, 
therefor*. that tire competition i* bold from 
au entirely practical stand-point, it would he 
wuc to simulate as nearly as possible tbe 
jumping one actually is apt to have iu tire 
held. In tbo recent contest in Tbs Riding 
Club tbe height and nmtngmient of jumjM 
were the Mine each night of Uie com petition 
throughout the entire teu weeks. A contest of 
this kind is. to Ik- sure, better than none hi all, 
though it docs gel a horse into a sort of circus 
trwufmill; but It can be Improved upon im- 
measurably. to the ailvantugc of Isilli rider 
and animal. There was height enough, bat 
not sufficient variety. With nil the facilities 
the club bus ut command, nothing should he 
wanting for practical drilling. Why not a 
badge, a i ail fence, something resembling a 
water jump* A very interesting and useful 
series of contests could be held over a course 
laid out on these lines. 

Tim match at RAcqi'BTS between Mr. 
J. S. Touker and Mr. L. 11. Morgan for Ibe 
championship of tlie Boston Athletic Awo- 
elation wa* very closely contested Mr, 
Morgan has diunu greut ly improved fonu 
ibis season, and Ire made a gallant bat- 
tle. Ills side wall placing being particularly 
clever. It required five games to settle 
tbe match, and that it was hotly contested 
is shown tiy the scores. IT-1S. IS— 1IY, Id-18, 
liV-lsi, 18-17. The iiHiidiciip tounuuneat at 
the New York club finished I AM week hss 
been, on the whole, a very satisfactory show- 
ing The average form" displayed w«* an 
ktnprovenrenl over last year, and though the 
entries could easily have been much larger, 
the general interest wa* very gruiifyiog, 
Borne of tbe men did particularly well, show- 
lug au encouraging udviiiKvniL-ul iu tlirir 
ptay, My suggestions of several weeks ago 
in regard lu Increasing the nunilwr of liamti- 
enp touniatnents have met wuh considerable 
favor, all tire active member* living greatly 
inclined to the idee. Several years ago tire 
late William It Travers, Uren president of 
tbe club, offered a cup which crested a great 
deni of interest, and brought out nMUF play- 
ers. Has tire dub no sportsmen like Air. 
Travers left in ns ranks? 

The qgawioN i ppermost in tbe minds 
of racquet men just now t*. on wiium shall 
they piacu their money in tbe match for tin.' 
championship of America, which hegiua in 
tbe New York Hareiuel Club court one wrek 
from ireday. I» at IV Garmondka or Touker? 
Probably uo one was mote astonished at tbe 
victory of .Mr Tookcr over Mr IV Garnren 
Ui» Iu tbe chainpiousbip of the New York 
Club than Mr, Tookcr himself. There is no 
doubt tbut the prestige a player atluin* who 
ha* Iwcotne n* formidahhi nod held the 
chainpiousbip so lung a* Mr. tie Gaiineudio 
i*. mire tlmo» out ol ten, caltulntid to work to 
bis advantage. This licconie* a considerable 
l.sodicsp to a man who Is ut ull likely Co go 
to piece* at critical point* of tbe game Until 
Ibis season Air. l ooker has not shown himself 
equal to such an occasion, and it was there- 
fore very generally believed that, expert ns 
be iv tire mere re-atixatinn of his opponent's 
prowess would of itself lore liim the game. 
Having defraud a player heretofore cuosU- 
ered invintiblr. Ire boa uemuarily guined 
grenl confide! toe lu his play, and should by 
nil right* put up even a better game Lbsn he 
dal in the first match. Hln service t« strong, 
lit* placing wonderfully accurate nml diffi- 
cult of returning, and his hack hand play 
is excellent. 

On the other hand, two very important 
maul* must Is- ctHisidrred in wrigiiing Air. 
IV Garnicudia's ctrances fur sucomol First. 
Ire is a player of at l<-asl equal skill to Mr. 
Tookcr, aiuI in addition lie Is n veteran uf 
wide experience and great re*ouroe. It 
should further be rememlrered that III his 
game with Mr. Tookcr fur the club champi- 
onship Ire begau with the utmost coulldeiice 
in hi* ability to win The match was half 
over before be realized Ire had au i>p]KUM:ul 
with whom bo could not do a* Ire plraMsl, 
uud very likely be found liiinrelf in u coudl 
turn Unit many another man accustotned to 
huviDg matters idt hi* own way bus exjsrii 
• need— be lost his trerve. At auy rate, he 
did uot l list day play hU br*i game. In the 
coming match he will enter tire court with a 
full iipprrriattun of Mr Tookcr'* ability , and 
a deteruilnaiiuii to play tbe game of hi* life. 
In tire inrun time both are practising and 
improving their form. Air. lie Gnrmendts * 
**» vice i* verv puzzling; be gives a terrific 
cut to tire bail, and bis placing » as accurate 
as and more consistent Ilian Mr. Touker s. 
In around -lire court piny they are about 
equal. It Is a difficult deciriou "to make, hut 
Air. IV Gnrinendia seem* to be a few points 
better than Ills very worthy opponent. 

What with the imw;i:«mon ovrr mea- 
surements and spectilittiiMt us to Uie win- 
ner among the half dozen new -W- footers 
now in construction, yachtsmen are having 
plenty to occupy their ut lent lull nowadays. 
The 1 'oriutiiiau Yacht C'luh Sweepstakes at 


Newport lias U-en for the past two years 
the must important event of the year from a 
racing point of view. IjmI season the stir 
in 40-fisReni, and especially ibe rivalry Is-, 
tween Afiwcero oud tioomnn. made tire event 
particularly mucwonhv Thin year every one 
wants a -M-fooleT. and lire awecpslukni will 
he for that < In**, though practirally giving 
the 40 fooler* a chance by starting the two 
classes together, and addiiig part of the dkhi 
ev of eiM:b to the pnze for the first Is sit 
homo on corrected time it* (ht tbe club 
mcasurenwui There is al«o 

every probability of a sweepstakes for 30 
footers, the lh*<ioii yachtsmen la-lug espe- 
cially desirous of sucli a race. 

O v this srw class, but one. August Ife i 
mom'* .Viiu-tit, by Jfurgem, ha* at this writ- 
ing been lauiKlied, uud it is bardlv likely 
that anv of the others, probably Cornelius 
Vamleriiilt's unnami-d, «Un a Burge**, ex 
crplcd. will lie *reu in the New York Yacht 
Club's annual race on June IMh Jn neaily 
evrry on* of the projected yachts some p«-t 
Idea seems to have been carried out lu lire 
cuErtnction, as shown by tire recently pub 
lisbeU drawings and estimates of .Mr ’ A. G 
McYejr. J/itOol a ha* a iJrsught of 10 fret 
. r » inches; Lenm at deck. 18 feet 6 toclie*. 
Is -sin at load Water-Hire. 13 feet. (hftvaaA.u 
Burge**, of A. H, T urner. of Boston draught, 
llfect; twain, 18 feel 5 inches; Lw. l.,12fctt 
ll> inches. Bayard Thayer's unknown, u 
Burgess: drnuuht, 10 feet A inches, beam. 13 
feet; I. w. 12 feet S inches Tbe centre- 
board, a Burge**, owned by Cltarlrs Prince. 
Dr Bryant, if at., which rumor say* will be 
called .Si tun . draught. 7 feet 8 inches; beam. 
1(1 feet I inch ; J. w. L. 13 feel 7 inches. The 
Vanderbilt Ixnit . draught, 10 feet 5 incite*. 
IwaiM. 13 f*H't 9 inches. I w. I.. 12 feet • inebc*. 
C. If. W. Foster's Itjit-ir-i . nervation ol Wil- 
liam Fife, the Scotch designer : draught. 8 feet 
7 inrbe* . beam. 12 fret IU inchw; 1. w 1.. 11 
feet (1 inches. The hcnrrcroir. the production 
of General Paine and his BOO: draUchl. 8 
feel; Irenm. 13 feet 9 inches; I. w. 1., 18 fivt ■» 
inches. Beside* tbt«e there i> the boat of J. 
Rugere Maxwell, now building from n design 
by Winlringham, and also one of E. D. Mor- 
gun's, now under way al Herreshoff's. \S ith 
this variety of design" there is extreme Isirn-u 
evinced a* to which yacht will prove the fa-t- 
ret. and soon of tire best racing in a decode 
Is promised. 

Both Minerva and Gmton will very like- 
ly meet iu tire swee|«take*. Tbe Adams hro- 
ilter* are eager for another go at the Fife pro 
ductlon.iiBd Air. Carroll is pn-duihly not averse 
to gratifying thrill. Their race last year 
was the event of the season, but it necessitated 
tire Sailing t'omniHtee of tire Corinlbian 
Club's figuring ull vpntrr to decide upon 
Minerva ns the winner The Work of this 
yacht wa* really extremely praiseworthy. She 
purled her js>tt tigging, which, of c-uurac-. had 
to be repaired, two minute* before the pre- 
paratory gun. and whs actually handicapped 
aomeUiingoverfivi! minutes. That sire should 
have, on a triangular course, with a llawlevi 
wholesale breeze, made up this handicap and 
bMlMkOwim over a twenty-five- -mile cxiurse 
w as —considering tire Boston boat bud beau 
built to beat Iter, and her rnormou* ndvnu 
tage in light construction (jffwnt being es- 
pecially Milwtantial to enable her, a* she did, 
to rros* tbe Atlantic on her own bottom) — a 
really wonderful perforraantH-. 

The Seawanhaka Corinthian Cub is 
making excellent provh-iun for lire *ea*cn by 
propiMiug a mucb-noedtvi amendment to the 
section gov.-tniug »ts.*siug ami rounding 
marks. The fallowing, in italic*. Is tire in- 
tended cltange, and a worthy one it i«; 

■•Sretion 13. — If an overlap exist* between 
two yachts when both of them, without tack 
ing, are about to pnx» a mark on the reoulred 
side, then tbe outride yacht must give the in 
side yacht room to pass clear of the mark ; 
proridat *A< r «« do »■' rrilhout tiuiiuy vr throve 
inf hertetf into the re»A-rf. A yacht ahull not. 
however, he justified in ativiupting to eriab 
li*h an overlap and rim* force a passage he 
tween another yni-lit un*l tint mark, after tire 
latter ha* altered her helm for tire purptoe 
of rounding." 

Tire Lurchmant Club, which riiont-d more 
activity than any other yaclitlug oigatiizattou 
last year, will give still greater evidence of 
proqs'iity Uii*. Thus far the events povi 
lively decided upon are lire spring roots in 
June, amt tire handicap event July 4th. 

With the ofeninu of tire trout season. 
April l*t, conic* the comforting asMinuice 
that tire days of that bitt noire of ail true 
sportsmen, vulgarly but most appropriure 
ly called tire 'trout bog.” are numbered 
Time wa*. ami not so long ago either, when 
quantity rather than iiualitr gauged Ibe 
sportsman's prowess. In conaequcnc*.- we 
snw angler* strutting about with great 
strings | for tucb a* these knew- no creel) of 
tiny firii, utterly usetaa save to tickle the 
couceit of the buuxting angler, Three finger- 
ling fishermen have iiml their day. BpovU- 
meu. and. Indeed, all MnsibVt jreople. have 
finally reiihred that dcpletinir streams of 
these baby fish i* harmful Clubs have add 
cd tbclr influence to crushing out tire bnu< 
ful practice by slimulatiug the latent sports- 
manship through offenng prizes for the 
largest ft*li of tire season And tin.* we 
hear of the puLhuntrr * ibx'linv 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. mo. 


272 





TUB LA'l’E ENGLISH LIBERAL 
LEADER. 

The Right Honorable Granville Genres 
Levrson Gower. second Earl Granville, K.G.. 
died in London March 8t«t. lie wo* non of 
llie lint Karl, ami tarn May 11, 1810. At 
tin* age of nineteen he took his degree at 
ClirtM ('liurcfa. Oxford, ilix father wax 
tlwn ambassador at Park and the young 
man. who wax known n* Lord Lcvmon.cn- 
trrrd the diplomatic service, nml wax at- 
tache to tin; cmlwtay. In 188*. soon after 
uiliiining his innjonty. lie became mi ni lx- r 
f-o Morpeth, and wax elected to the House 
of < ■ on minis. Uc at once identified himself 
with the Liberal party. and first held office in 
I84D. i ix I'nder Secretary for Foreign Affaire. 
This was the second Melbourne administra- 
tion, nnd Viscount Palmerston, afterward 
Premier, wax bis thief. He resignrd the of- 
fice in n short time, nml entered Parliament 
as member from Litchfield. The furtherance 
of free -trade and repeal nf the Coni Laws 
was hU |artic uhir work in the Ilnuac. until 
he aucecctkd to the enrtdom on the dt-alb of 
Ids father, in IRlfl. Upon the formation of 
the M-eoiul ciddnct by Sir John Itumcll in 
1851, Karl Gmnvillr wax Pay maalrr General, 
and Inter on the successor of Lord Palmer 
xriiti to the Foreign Office. Wlwtt the Karl 
of Aberdeen formed the new ministry in IK13, 
Granville tiecamr President of the Council 
and government leader iu the House of tarda. 
He went to 8t. Petersburg in 18-W ax special 
nmlxiswulor at the coronation of the Czar 
A lewder 11. He held a place in a number of 
succeeding administrations, and was inndr 
Secretary for the Colonies when Mr. Glad- 
stone formed hfc* llrwt ministry in 1870; later 
lie took the Foreign Office 'Hie ministry 
fell in 1871 aud a yenr later Mr. Gladstone 
announced his retirement from Che leailer. 
ship of the Liberal parly, whereupon Earl 
Umnvilla toi>k tire fund In the House of 
tarrls, Mr. Gladstone came forth again in 
1RH0 and formed hix second mlnixtry. am) the 
Earl went into olfice under him, also in the 


understand what King Humberts govern, 
it can hope to oblaln liy the withdrawal 


e fart that roost of them were r _ _ 

perpetrated during the Premiership of Signor of lier minister. Foreign missions are nialn- 
Crispi, and the word is now taiued diledy for the sake of looking after 


used to describe every kind 
of empty threat or blustering 
menace Backdowns ami ig- 


tlic interests nf the subject* of the government 
by which they are accredited. Tliis. indeed, 
constitutes tlicir principal Miaou ifttrt. The 


nominioux witlulrnwals from Americans resident in lulv are but few in 


third ministry. His oilier posts have lieen 
almost without number, audio all hix actions 
lie has impressed dignity and culture upon 
whatever lie came in contact with. Ho 
lacked the brilliancy and sparkle of many 
mm, and lie was never confronted with any 
serious crisis during hi* terms of olfice, but 
living n sturdy worker and a good follower 
wlierc his ciiiefs led it will lie hard to fill hix 
place. Being a scholar. Ills speech** were 
always good, anil when the burden nf leader- 
ship fell upon him he proved his worth bv 
mnwicntiotM nml praiseworthy work, tard 


the aggrewive attitude i__ 

ed in the first place neOMMilljr 
follow. Nor dues this latest 
•• Crispinade' of the Italian 
government appear to Is- any 
exception to the Invariable 
rule. The Prime MioixU-r. 
Mnrcbnse di Rudloi. xecmx to 
Imve realized ulreasly that thn 
position which bo box taken 
up In ooeii tniuiding Baron Fa vs 
to pn »ent hix letters of recall 
U not merely impolitic, but 
also untenable. Hix peremp- 
tory demands for a guarantee 
«n the part of the United 
States government that the 
ringleaders of the lynching 

r ly Hi New- Orleans should 
punished have now simmer- 
ed down to a mere request for 
Ibeir prosecution, and it looks 
Very much at the present mo- 
ment ax if the unfortunate 
Huron Fara, wbD is a prrmM 
grata neither at Washington 
nor at Home, is destined to 
pagtr tr» poll ami», or in other 
words, to hear the brunt, and 
become tbo scapegoat of II. di 
Rudini’a mistake-.' 

It ix a mistake that i* absolutely Incompre- 
hensible. Setting aside- tbc possibility of a 
war lietwcen live two nations— the bare idea 
of which is preposterous— it is difficult to 


numlicr compared with the fmndretlx of tlreii- 
sands of Italians established in tbo Unilcd 
States, whore many of them have attained 
a degree of wealth and prosperity unknown 
in the land of tbclr birth. This living the 
case, it is Italian, and not American, interests 
that will xuller by tire withdrawal of proper 
diplomatic representation at Waxhlugluii- 
Italy — in short, ban bitten off her no** to 
spile her face; ami inasmuch os sbo Is nei- 
ther prepared nor able to follow up the act 
of inleruulianal discourtesy of which else lias 
lust licen guilty by more serious measure*, 
her citizens on this side of the Atlantic will 
•to forced to get along without their spokes- 
man at Washington until the day when 
King HumU-ri'x government, after making 
siiitubk- apologies, applies to our Slate De- 
partment for pt-nnUsjou to accredit a new 
minister to this country in the plnoe of Baron 
Fava 

While there arc many who will he dts- 

K ed to question the action of Secretary 
ine in recognizing in principle the Italian 
demand for au indemnity to the relatives of 
the two victim* who are claimed by Hie Ho- 
man government as Italian citizens, hut who 
were fugitive* from lire justice of their coun- 
try and outlaws, unanimous approval will be 
accorded to the dignified forlieurnDcc which 
Ire has displayed in bis temperate and cour- 
teous reply loBaroo Fava's do patch of March 
Bin*, in which the latter announce* the close 
of liix mission Tire withdrawal of full dip- 
lomatic representation, under circumstances 


, who will succeed to the leader's 
tho House of Lord*. i» one of the 
. en in England among the younger 
•rwrsth >n of tard*. t tutstde of politics Earl 
nuiville was the holder of many honorable 
e them til ing the Chancel lureb Ip 
if lire University of London. He was also 
tnlor Knight of the Garter. 


place 


ITALY’S '’CRISPINADE.” 
Ai.TUocnn the hasty and injudicious ac- 
tion of the Italian cabinet in ordering Huron 
Fava to present hix letter* of recall to Ute 
President of tile United tMatc* has received 
the endorsement of that section of tire Eu 
inpenii press which is distinguished by Its 
Inveterate hostility to everything American, 
yet it ennnot fail to give rise to it feeling very 
much akin to coat, inpt on tbo part of the 
l-rineipal governments of the Old World. It 
ixin-dltute* but ono more Illustration of that 
lamentable lark of diplomatic rxpcricnco and 
of matured Ntiitcomun-liip which has been so 
ronspicuons in many phase* of the foreign 
policy of the United Kingdom of Italy. A 
parvenu among the nation* of the 11 ret rank, 
it areks to assert its elaim to onnxidenition 
iih one of the great power* by a aeries of noisy 
nnd ill-ronxMcred roup* of it llomliAstrs Fun- 
i wo character, which arc stigmatized iu Eu- 


«ioh m U iuw which have accompanied Bor-n 
Fava's recall, rnastitutex one of the mo»« 
rious forms of international discourtesy 
even Insolence, which it U possible to re*, 
reive. It linx been but rarely resorted u, t%. 
oept in rases where powerful govornmetm 
desired to denuuistrnte their lack of ruuthi 
cratioo for weak nation* which, for one n» 
■on or anotlier, were powerless to resent Urn 
Indignity. And it ntay safely tw taken f w 
grauted that If there were not 3000 mlks „f 
ocean intervening between the United Slain 
and Italy, the latter would never have ttb 
lured to seek temporary popularity at home 
by ite most recent •• Crispinade." " F. C. 0. 


AN EQUIVALENT FOR SUICIDE. 

Ir we allow oar bodily InOnDlttes to suk* m| 
will) as Ihrreigb neglect, hire • t saefe sn Ircntasc 
moral (drainage over (bedainwrataMilrid'’ San* 
ly. For riawple, the deadly pr./nre. nf Brtgklh 
ilireaar, dUbalaa, unite ntfOIIH and grant M .on- 
ultra terribly swift la the ralaarrnpbc. privlt 

Ilf arcritf* Infill malt.* kino* that this Is (be ilreiflt, 
unannilrbed trnlli la iev»'d to th-w widely prevail m 
mulsdltw To drily Jndld«ns nadlralm Is qcetallf 
muridsl t» luch caare. Ttie ninius nt iwimu ts to 
b« fcn-nd III llmletlers Komacli Bitters. filvr n 
Inipuiua t-> tbs selniii nf tk« kMneys with this silt 
and rellabla dlsisltr, awl the Infant cotB|ilaUt > 
•born at II* blttb of U.r power for ertt. Allow It to 
grow, »nd antlctpue Os wiml Tlir Billots, ablet 
a»»lhUalfs IVwo greatof ttuublas, s-'sr. rrsXirurs 
dyspepsia, rhraaMt tun, milutoi aud litsr nimptsii.w 
AppwliU, »ls«fs nud vigor ore nlro prowuXal by a.- 
Mda] 


inE PEWSTUIMi I ULRO.ID'S inil 
TflIE TO rUIFOEMA. 

Thk third tour of lire Pennsylvania Rail 
road ComiNUiv'a aeriea to lire Golden Gate 
left New Vnrk last week, and now bul one 
remains, which will leave April 14, and un 
donbtrdly cover the moa iWimble route, 
both to on<l from lire for Pacific ('obsL 

The special vestibule Pullman train, 
equipped with its drawing-room, sleeping, 
library and einoklng. dining and olwcrT* 
tion cars, manned by a crew of tweutv-four 
employes, a* well ns it tourist agent In charge, 
and a chaperon and ladies' maid to look after 
those of their own h-x, a stenographer nnd 
typewriter, in fact, fitted out even to a Lor- 
li-r. is this palace ou wheel*, which will in 
going Wwt traverw the State* of Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois. Iowa, No- 
hraska, and down into Kansas, Colorado; 
Utah, Nevada, and into California where 
six side trips are included, ax well ax three 
whole weeks in the Innd of lire Mtnnv sky. 
Returniug. the train darts directly north from 
Son Francisco, through California, Oregon, 
aud WaahingtMi, stopping at Portland and 
Tacoma, then run* east via the Northern 
Pacific Railroad through Idaho, Montana, 
North Dakota, Minnesota. Wisconsin. Iowa, 
Illinois. Indiana. Ohio, and home through 
Pennsylvania Ticket* for Ute entire! trip, 
including meals cm route and Pullman trans- 
portation, together with several carriage 
rides and aide trips, are but |8tW. Applica- 
tion for space should lie made at once to 
Mr. George W. Boyd, arebtant general pas- 
senger agent. Philadelphia.— [.4*.] 


miiUxre for Ibr'r cMIdm wb'.l* laeUilaa.w 
■K(M. It mmiUks IhorMId.sofUwaUir ||l 
all pain, tnrra win4 o>ISc, aa4 la the lie#! i 
itlnrrliim Bo)4 liy (IniiuilM* W> rmt p 
■ urtil. Tweuty-ItT* reals a buUle.-M4*. 


TUB VOICE. 

Tuna* who ore Mai lha votee In Usgtng or pnlitk 
ryvaklag will Had “Ilaows * BaamMsl. Tbo, mi." 
eitewtllig’y nartnl. .nalilla* (bre> t.i mini* more Uan 
nnl Inary •tnrllrei wliti wmiimli™ •■»**. while they 
reudrr srik-iilaUoo (tar. Fur TVoal lUassMw aoi 
Cough. I lay art a simple yet ettertlr* rwos4y— IJdr.J 


S'n 


i skk. w« (rare her CaMnrt*. 
a ttOUl, ah. eriol lor CsKoila, 

« Mia*, .he Hang to C'a^nrta 

rare tlicai Casual* - 
|44k| 


HlttiWNW nOtlSKtlOU) I'ANACX*. 

••THE UltBXT I* AIM 1IEUBVKE. • rare, 
rnrei I. mile, rolto : alt paluiv fB n*. a la.Ula-IS-fa | 

t!«E liHtlWN SI'AJtfllHHATKDSAPONACEOl a 
DEBTIFH1CK 1-w Ika TEffHI llEUflOt'S. »e- 
-t.tJe.l 


Cn.tmi Ihisa 


HARPER’S WEEKLY, 
zornr/axe ft* trs.- 

Fmni Cover Face, pee (Ine.aarh loaertlon |l TS 

Bark Cow Fare. |iev fins. -a^t« tuacrann J * 

Orroud Cover F*«e. jvr Hue. ***h larertu* I tl 

Third Cover Face, per Ha*. «eh InreMloa I •• 

BperMl Iteo ilbc N-alrea, per ftne, sack Iliac. Don r in 
Cteaea Tbursiap at 9 AM- 
DltrvaMit— «a « luaer-.lunr. arilMu owe jeor, of Ilia 

M>u apace. ft* 1 

•• “ II Inrert!-™?. within one vesr, of the 

•aoir rpu-r. Id 

“ •' *4 tiireni- ws, widths one yenr, of th* 

Sam* altofr fw 

“ •• M nirenl-w. within one year, of lbs 

sitin' aporr. *** 

• “ tX liar., lot. -M0 !(>•«, ISi— U0 Ksra 

- JSW (iiw*. •**- 


Digitized by CjOO^Ic 


i 






THE TROUBLE IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 


would quickly ap|tcnr in Washington seeking admission as 
an American Slate. This fee-ling lia> been ilcefiened awl 
convulidalod by the French shore couiruTctnies, and la now 
widely ami openly avowed. 

HOW THE FISHIXU THKAT1KH A HOOK. 

In quieter days tbu New found louden were proud to 
speak of tlieir country a* " England* most ancient colony." 

This doe* not mean Unit it contained lie r oldest coJniiiiil 
settlement. It doe* mean dial Newfoundland i« the oldest 
American po*«*»iun actually clnimed by England — tbc Hot 
over which her flag Hew. Tbi* circumstance is rorely it 
culled now exr< |>t a* accentuating the reproaches cost upon 
tlie mot tier country for neglecting Uic «len>nnd» of a child 
tbu* entitled to consideration. A* u settled colony, New 
foil ndlatid la acarcely • century obi. Representative goveru- 
iii. nl was not conferred until 1825: rt'»|runslbh' government 
tint until 1H>I; so tbut tlic evils now so oppressive are older 
Until the colony's organization, amt Wtru fastened upon 
it long before It contained a liabitablc borne 

They were tlic recall of tlie contentions of lire English and 
French fishermen who came out from Devonshire and Bril 
inny every summer to flab for cod. Thin Industry began 
almost immediately after the Cabot* discovered the island. 
If, Imlced. it bad not an earlier existence. The French say 
it hud. They declare that the Basque fishermen bad hern 
resorting to tbc Newfoundland banka for full fifty ymra 
la-fore that event, lb* that as it mar, they were far more 
enterprising than tlic Knclish fishermen. and made a nmcli 
greater use of tl«e fisheries and of the island in curing and 
drying tlieir catch, The tqinuiurds and tin- Pmliigui-w also 
tmiil uiinual visits to iIm- I miks -■ml nlui resorted In tlie island 
When Sir Humphrey (iiila-rl "ruined formal pn«M->*ion of 
Newfoundland In England', name !MW years ago, he found 
thirty six Ashing vessels, representing no U*» than live Eu- 
roja-iia nalkuinlltlr*. kr tlm harbor of St. .lolins. Soon, 
however the English and the French had driven out all 
rivala, and the Indus' y wo* exclusively theirs Their quar- 


N EWFO INI) LAND'S griefs anil perpfcxilka 
have held continuously for uinuy mouths it 
large anil conspicuous place in the attention 
of three nation*, Tlrev constitute prolHtbly 
l lx- gravest, and certainly the mnal difficult, 
prulOem now pending in tlie British Foreign Office. To 
the colonial* they an- literally n matter of fife and death 
The situation is unique. No Intelligent and self governing 
people anywhere ant so cruelly unilairrussed. Their plight, 
indeed. is practically tbnt of commercinl puralysia; for wlcli 
rich and alNiudnnt' resources, to which tlieir title l- tin 
questioned directly available; with mines of coal, iron 
ropper. and gypMlin Manly for operation; witli vast forests 
overgrown and fertile soil hungry— all enterprise I* atuyed, 
all effort forbidden, and n full half of tlic population la to- 
day airmail starving, lest the employment of the* force* 
should scare awnv fish Hint in fuel do not exist from water* 
tliat are never used, or Intel fere wirii operations on a shore 
long since atiaiidnued. Isut which fish, waive*, mid shore arc 
claimed by a foreign country 1800 mile* distant for its u 
elusive and perpetual enjoyment. 

Thh, In a uutslrell. I*' the ccldmlod " French Shore 
Om-«tii>n " It lias arisen from conditions two centuries 
old. It ha* mummed mi aggravated form a dozen lime* 
within the last flfly years. It lia* liuen played with, ptiriicd 
aside. compn-mUcl. aiid roadjurtrel But it always break* 
out afresh, a* involved a* ever, na dangerous and aa per- 
plexing. 

The United State* have a direct interest in it* settlement, 
especially since the negotiation U»l summer of u reciprocity 
IrPAly tail wecu this country and live colony. If it is settled 
ns the cobuiisls desire, the prosperity of our flhheiles is much 
promoted; If as France desires, seriously menaced. 

Many people have the Idea tliat Newfoundland I* a part of 
the Dominion of Canada, or, at least. that thrre i* some bond 
helween their covrrnments. But although confederation 
lias 1 0*011 froquvnlly proponed by Canada and urgently recom- 
rnended hv Great Britain, tlie Newfoundlander* have in 
variably declined it. and always by a derisive majority. 
Their disposition, indeed, inclines them milch more strongly 
to an American than to a Canadian alliance, ami if they 
were free to do as they pleased, to set up uu establishment 
of their own, to go to Canada or to eomo to tha United 
Mates, there is scarcely a d»ul>t that their representatives 


rels Were presently reflected ul tbc courts of the two notions, 
ami ns the result of long negotiation*, in 1685 the French 
obtained for the first lime tire formal ackuaw Udgiireul of 
right* u|Kin the territory of Newfoundland Tiny agrevd 
to pay tlie English king a small royalty on tlieir culru for 
the privilege of landing mid drying I heir Halt oil his island. 
Thu* begun Uic mntruvcrxy lo which Lord Salisbury for 


England and M. liibot for France are alill adding volumes 
of iuttemess and argument. 

Until about the close of the last century it was Hie policy 
of England in prevent all aMtleiirenl In Newfoundland. This 
was done os all net of protection to I he Itsb mi-rcluuita of 
Devonshire. They were the capitalist* of the bud now. 
They furnished the shin*, provisions, and tackle, and dis- 
poses! of the take, and lire actual tWhcrtaeo received a am all 
percentage of tbo net profit, or worked <>u abnrea. This 
system is still pursued, only the seems of the Conlrapt is 
removed from England to lire colony. It wa* the diutgrr 
Hint It would ao wlalfl, ami that they would lose control of 
the business, that led the English fishing mcrcluuit* to de- 
mand of the governin'. til measures lo prevent settlement 
upon the island. Their agitation resulted in tbo pimsago of 
several laws forbidding uuy person to spend tbc winter in 
Newfoundland, lo erect any building* there except sired* and 
stage* lo dry the tlsh upon and shucks of lire rudest sort for 
shelter. It was a high crime to transport women tliero, and. 
of cotirac, lire private acquisition of lau<l was impna»ible. 
The island wus tn ho meiely a fishing nation, for use only 
during the fishing mmsuu. This undent ptilirv Is directly 
responsible for all the evil* which now oppress lire colo- 
nists. Kwtraln their Just aspirations, uml obstruct tlieir efforts. 

There is this excuse for it, that lire English did not know 
until it wa* too Inle the M-al value of Newfoundland. They 
had no bins of its agricultural, mineral, mid lumbering re- 
sources. Tbcv did perceive Hint the fisheries could support 
a thriving colony, but their Invnriablc motive In coloniza- 
tion, except such a* was undertaken by political or religious 
refugees, was the flnancial gain of England, and that was 
better promoted and secured by bolding the fishermen at 


home tbnn bv allowing them to settle |vermatren(ly in New- 
foundliin-l Moreover. in tbc early part of the M-vrntre nth 
crutury several attempt* sustain. d try royal grants bud twen 
mode to colonize Hie c-mntrv, ami they hail utterly fulled. 
That was the purpowo of Sir Humphrey 'Gilbert * expedition. 
Another, on a far grander scale, w as led by Sir George Cal 


vert before be established faimsclf in Mmylaud aiul U-canre 
Urd Baltimore Tlre-e abortive i-iitcrpriwc* nntiimlly gave 
the English a bad impression of tire country, except ns a <lc|«ot 
for Hmi conduct of the ftsbevies. Ami having this one pur 
pi»e to serve in holding it. and being unuhh- to dislodge tbc 
French alreiuly e»mhlUbed in C uiiiula mid Nova Scotia, and 
to monopolize the (Idling industry, it seemed naturally the 
part of pence uud profit to arrange a scocme of orderiv com- 
petition. This explains if it Jot* not excuse tire fishery 
clauses of the Treaty of Utrecht. But their tv enactment after 
tire fall of Quebec, and again after lire buttle of Waterloo, 
na* sheer amazing stupidity. 

FRENCH ItlOHIS AH IMtKtXKIV IX THE THEATIKS. 

Tbc Bence of Utrecht, in 1713, followed the victorieaof the 
Duke of Marlborough Tire French were tlren as powerful 
as lire English in America, and well placed to nuke trouble 
on tbc n*liliig hunk*. During the war they trail actually cap- 
tured Newfoundland, and were master* of’ It when Louis was 
humbled nt Blcnbeim. So lliat tire English, in recovering It 
by a treaty stipulating that from tint time forward it should 
" belong wholly of right to Great Britain," were really re- 
covering lire opportunity to fish. and they felt they could well 
afford to agree that France might use a portion of lire shore 
for fishing Millions under condition* prohibiting fortifications 
mid pamnent Mlilm The const-line ikn reserved to 
France extended from t ape Bouavlsta, around tire nortlrern 
part of Hie island. down to Point Riche on its western count. 
In term* ami in effect tire arrangement amounted to a parti, 
lion of tire island the English to use it* eastern and southern 
ahorea; the French, It* northern and weatem. The sover- 
eignty of the whole, while lodged in England, wus u* much 
qualified a* arc Hip right* of the owner of a n oted bouse 

Substantially, this arrangement exist* to-day. bill nitii 
curious modifications. After the expulsion of the Frcncli 
from Canada and Nova Scotia, England's opportunity to ex- 
tinguish tlirlr fishery right* was perfect. She might easily 
have made her control of the fishing industry complete. 
Fresh hint, safe harlmr*. aud grounds for tn-utiog lire fish are 
ahaolutely esse-ntiiil to its profitable prosecution All these 
France had forfeited; but tire Miprrb craft of lier stnteemcn 
was easily espial to tbn task of winning back by diplotnacy 
orie of the richest prize* war bad lost. The noble empire 


founded by Cbnmplain. and held nnd extended by the Jcsu 
It*, w as, indeed, forever gone, and w ben tire Pence of Pari* 
hail Ihh-u signed, no spot of lire thousands of miles from 
lire moutil of lire St Lawrence to tire mouth of the MU 
aissippi. over which the eagle* of Fiance had so long and so 
defiantly flown, remained for tlieir irecubatloii. wive two 
small island* just off the ctMtl of Newfoundland. But 
tlre»e. St Pierre and Miquelon, meant for Frame the salva- 
tion of Irer fisheries. The fishery ciatlHoa of the Treaty of 
Utrecht were renewed mid confirmed, nnd. in addition, llicse 
two island* were ceded "lu full right ' to hi* Most Christina 
Majesty, "to serve *> a shelter to Ibe French fishermen " ; 
bill they were not to be fort! Orel, nor to contain any other 
buildings than those "for the convenience of the fishery." 
n»r was a lurger armed font) lo be kept upon them than 
"fifty men for the police." 

Tliis enutiincbi iiad not been long in operation In-fore 
England and France were again at war. nnd when biwtilitie* 
ceased, the British power in America wa* »tri|UH-d alm<*t 
as sadly as, twenty year* In-fore, the French luiJ been. It 
came to the convetitiou of Pari* In 176!) arrogant and victori- 
ous. It came to that of Tcraailles in 17x!i beaten and en- 
feebled. Involving, as this treaty did. American Issues nl- 
moet entirely, it was but natural that lire fisheries question 
should receive close attention. None of the earlier arrange- 
ment* had proTcd effectual in removing causes of je*l»u«y 
ami strife between Ure flshermcn of lire tw o countries. They 
Iiad oncroaclred upon each otitcr's territories, hud quam-lkd 
about the laiil supplies, and. lacking oilier orc-.isious of dis- 
pute. had wnrred for lire hive of warring. Thu franren* of 
the Trewtv of VerMtillrs were at much jniins, then, lo provide 
against ail kinds of friction, and a* tbi* treaty is the om- 
now being ib-tiutrel by tbc stnlnmcrt of Downing St reel anil 
the ljuni tl’Uraay, it* term* no- liclc neitad Indclail. Flr*l, 
the cession of Si l*irrn- and Mitpit-hm was nodlrHtcd utidi-r 
tire conditions originally Impowd. Tin n lire l*yuudartc« of 
lho Frcncli shore of New foundland were altered, uud It was 
inode lo Include all the oorthcru and western ooual-liue. 


ooQle 


■ 274 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


alwut MK> milot long, from Cape St John lo C'npc Uxiv. In 
tUi! water* beyond llitil shore ilic 1' reach were to bo per- 
mitted io lish.'atid upon it they had full liberty to liual fur 
tin- purpose of curing and drying their takes. Here the 
lreaty-muker* stopped, anti hwl the end they made been left 
a* they left it. ike controversies of today would bo much 
simpler ami much levs difficult of adjustment. 

aiftu ubonuK's meii* declaration. 

There wa* nothing in Ike treaty that gave the French ex- 
clusive right, or wiirntnled the luferrnoe that the shore wns 
lo ictnsiu at their optiou it desert wilderness. But the rovuJ 


of diversified Industry, lay back of the short: that had boon 
given in pcrpelutd lease to the French. 

QUAINT SCENES AMONG TUB OUTPOSTS. 

These events hod not occurred, of course, without many 
reproacltcs mid many accuretkwu of bad faith from both 
aides. Indeed, from the date of the lust Treaty of Paris, in 
IN"#. when, after the fall of Napoleon, tbe fishery clause* ut 
the Treaty of Versailles and the royal declarations iiccom- 
moving it were revived and renewed, until the present 
time, scarcely n year lias pasted without its series of diplo- 
matic controversies concerning vinUtibus of Uic treaty 



AN AMERICAN “BANKER ' ENTERING TIIK II Alt BUR Uf ST. JOHN'S ruR BAIT. 


and wasteful methods of fishing— the seine, tbo cod net, the 
cod trap, ami tin bultow— have gradually depleted the show 
fisheries until they now supply hut a precarious living to 
timer who still engage in them, They are not yet wholly 
abandoned except by tlte French aud the Americans, Tbo 
fixberureu of these nations, being compelled to go a long 
distance to find u fishing ground, whether on llw banks or 
along the coasts, and therefore to fit out for a deep seu voy. 
uge anyhow, naturally go where Ur 1 flub are la-st and roost 
plentiful. But those’ Canadian* and New foundlandera who 
live along the harbors and cousin still frequented by the fish 
not unusually make good catches. They have the advantage 
of not being required to furnish themselves with large vessel*. 
A stanch skill is all they need, so that, although at best their 
fisheries arc poor and incomparable with those they ottcc 
enjoyed, there is still a measure of profit in the business. 

The essential difference between tbe craft employed on 
the Inn Its and those used l>v the shore fishermen may be 
observed lu the illustrations that accumpau) this article. In 
one, a “banker" of tbe American type, by far the stanchest 
and swiftest of tbe entire fishing Beet, may be seen putting 
into St. John s for bait. A spectacle more picturesque than 
is presented by tbU queenly creature, with her long low black 
hull and her vast reaches of snowy w ing, standing in waters 
Item blue in tlie shadow of the rocky cliff, there iridescent 
In the sunlight, and yonder, where the fleecy clouds are pass- 
ing. empurpled, soft, and rich, would bn hard indeed to find. 
Not tbe was alone, with their boisterous winds and their 
conflicting curretits. hut tbe land, bold, rocky, often weird, 
and always majestic, seems to be the natural home of a 
free, brave-hearted people. The cliffs that rise sharply from 
the sea ou cither stile of the harbor r.hauncl at St. John's are 
examples of tbe caul Everywhere those monster rocks 
are found standing over against each oilier wijli grim hard 
fronts, like giuuts iu a tnotiieufs reel front battle. The 
bonking fleet seem to be their fit companions. They suggest 
the same dauntless spirit, the same Inherent power. All 
things that float look feeble on tlte brow of a dashing sea, 
but if there is a craft that literally makes sport of the waves 
—not gentle careasing waves, but mighty billows dial tear 
along in nervous ferocity— it is one of them stiff, saucy 
hunkers. 

Very different is the fleet that ntar any time be seen in 
tlte shelter or l*etly Harbor. As an illustration of life in mi 
ontport. every scene in Petty Harbor is typical. Tire village 
is far enough from St. Jehu's to possess an independent 
fleet of its own, and near enough to a profitable shore fishery 
to insure employment and profit to all Its people. Tlte 
boat*, mostly slooprigged. light lmt well built, at nightfall 
fill the harbor, moored close by the flakes ou which the fish 
are drying. Before daybreak the bows are turned seaward, 
ami, like homes in a slex-ple chare, off Urey dash through the 
inlet, a dozen abreast, often with no more than the room of 
a salted herring from rail lo rail between them. 


George felt it Incumbent upon him, when the drafts of the 
treutv were exchanged, to declare how lie would construe it. 
und the question to-day is bow to construe Li* construction, 
lie accompanied the announcement of ratification with a 
statement which In international law icu all the effect of 
the treaty itself, nnd hero it is: 

• In order that tire fishermen of the two nuliun* may not 
give cause for daily quarrels, his BriUuuh- Majesty will take 
the most positive measures for preventing his subject* from 
interrupting in any manner, h iWr rotw|Wt'/*«A, the fishery 
of the French during the temporary exercise of It which Is 
giwnl.il to them upon the coast of Newfoundland: hut he 
will, fur this purpose, «u*r Ms jUwf trtiUauuU xtktfh staff 
A formed Hurt to bt rrmortd. The method uf carrying on 
the ll-ticry tthiek At* ut all limn lx*u ariaouUdgrd sliall be 
tb<- plan upon which the fishery shall be carried on Hurt. 
It shall not Ire deviated from !>y lither party 
I,ot it he understood that so far as tbe present contra- 


which is rapidly passing faraway from the point' where 
a year ago it started, turns upon the rights of the French 


vcrsy.w 


injrr* those of lire Newfoundlanders, it relates directly and 
entirely to the words just quoted. And in order to appreci- 
ate their present significance, it is necessary to give u brief 
ekrirh of what bus occurred in tlie island since they were 

” Then it was a complete wilderness. All effort to colonize 
it bad long since beeu absndoued. The prescriptive laws 
against wintering there, against the presence of women, and 
nguinsl tbo building. of permanent habitations were m full 
force and for thirty years thereafter they continued to lie 
applied— at time* severely, hut with 1 cm and le*s system. 
Hut soon they were evaded, tbeu defied, and in tbo fir*t 
decade of the present century, in spile of all that eould he 
done to prevent it. a p«-Tmaneul town had grown lip on tire 
site of the city of SL John’s. Tire British government at 
hist made the best of the iaeviuble, awl laud law* were 
maned, under which the settler* exchanged their claims us 
“squatters" for rights as colonists. Other settlements grew 
tip all along tire eastern und southern const*, at points 
where formerly there had been mere fishing stations; and 
presently us lire British (idling merchants bud feared the 
fishery Industry slipped from their bund* and established 
itself in St. John's. The government of tbe "fishing ad- 
mirals mu exchanged for that of regular naval officer*. 
Who soon were followed by dr Ilian executive* sent out from 
England. Tlresc in turn Is-rume uusuiled to the growing 
1 Inid and the colony a**umcd to govern itself with its own 
system of law* nnd its own body of law makers. Mean- 
while tbe French had crtubllsked a Urge colony nn N. 
Fierro. They gave no heed whatever U» lire united author- 
ity with which they hail I teen endowed. Forbidden to Tunny 
St. Fierro, lire)- rendered It impregnable. Forbidden to erect 
fix.yl liahilalioos. they buildeu a strong ulid populous city. 
Forbidden to assemble more tbau fifty policemen, they matn- 
taiiKil a small navy, and discharged, in fact, every function 
of unqualified eovereiguty. The some influences that oper- 
ated with them to convert St. Pierre into u maritime strong 
bold and a commercial capital moved the Newfoundlander* 
to colonize tire " French shore *' As tlie little village* of tbe 
fishermen spread northward and westward from bl. John *, 
they soon encountered the lice* of demarcation at Gape Ht. 
John and Caps Bay. But llrey paid no attention to tlie 
forbidding treaties. Town after town sprang up. Schools 
nnd eburebe* were cstnblisli.il. The colonial government at 
length dcrid.il to Include tlie French shore settlement* ui a 
narlhuneniary apportionment, and they received a seat or 
i no in the colonial Legislature. Explorations Into lire iu- 
h-rior discovered wide ureas of farming land, superb forest* 
of nine. oak. und hickory, coal fields, and deposit* of iron, 
eoiqicr, ami cviwum Bivors l«l from these industrial temp 
latioua directly lo the sca.and It was lionie in upon the con- 
sciousness of the colonist* I list by far the most valuable port 
of their country, und the only purt that gave them the chance 


alleged to be committed by both parlies. And both parties 
were right us well as wrong, Tlrey bud beeu committed. 
Moreover, they were irreparable. They were of u kind 
which could not be remedied or prevented. They were the 
result of advancing civilization, of the march of progress. 

Two distinct kinds of fishery operations are. or until 
recent years have hern, conducted from St. John's and from 
Nr. Pierre. One is the bank fishery; the other tlie shore 
fishery. Their names describe their character. 

The Newfoundland hunk* arc submarine plateaus distant 
less tliau a hundred miles from the island. Tire largest of 
them, Ibc Grand Dank, an Inuueuve rocky elevation, extends 


THREE VIEWS or WHAT TIIK TREATIES MEAN. 

Tire French fleet are all bankers Fusaesalng no right of 
habitation along the coast allotted to their use, it would 
necessarily tie the case, whether they fished along shore o» 
in inidoorau, tliat their vessels should Ire large ami strong. 
Naturally, then, they select the grounds where such veweb 
con Ire most profitably employed, and Utose ground* are on 
the bank*. 

It will be observed, as a prime consideration in tire pend- 
ing controversy. Unit the treaties we have quoted in no way 
refer or relate lu a fishery conducted lu lire open ocean. 
France, possessing St. Firm- os a shelter aud a depot, cuuld 



THE TOWN Of QI'IIH Vim-CODFMU DUYINU ON TIIK ' FLAKE* " 


over nine degree* of latitude and five of longitude. Tire 
derail of the water above It U from 50 to WO fret. Here 
the lordliest of tire lordly cod reside, nnd here the fishing 
fleets of Ibe Tailed Stales. Newfoundland. France, and 
Canada i.lv lit. ir perilous trade. At tbe present day the 
hank fisberv alone cun be depended uu. formerly tbe 
waters all along the American coast from Massachusetts to 
Labrador were prolific of cod and herring. But redden* 


catch OTery fish she now secure* without any concession 
whatever from flreut Britain. Tin* lank fisheries are open 
to all the world, ami the French industry Would lmt Ire af- 
fected bv so much as a slngl" quintal if every other part 
of Hie Treaty of Ycreallloa tliau M danse ceding rite Wand 
of SL Pierre were blotted out. Or. In a word, amazing tut it 
ses-iti*. that clause not being eunleslc*. till* entire’ dispute, 
ancient, intricate, nod hitter, concern* on'v those rights which 


Digitized by Google 



A pUlL 11, Wl. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 




the French d® not use and canned use, nnd which no court 
of appraisal on eariU would value at a tvo-pouitd note. In 
their construction of the treaty— or. rather, of King George* 
declaration, for it is the matter involral—ttM French allege 
that tlieir right to t)nh along llte <xioat specified is txrlirem-; 
for, rays the king, my subjects xhull not interrupt - 'in any 
manner, 6g fArir rvAiq*yrfif*i, the flattery of tlie French, 
They claim that nil colonization ami *v<ih-luv«i( on (but count 
is unlawful; for. say* the king. I will “ cause the fixed settle 
inems which shall be fortueel there to he removed. " They 
claim that nil such tilings a* piers, water niilli. factories, 
and nil linhitulious, are ex prettily prohibited, for it is tlmir 
right to liutd anywhere, and they may wish to liuid just 
where lIkwc ubstructkiu* haw been placed, and It it their 
right also to cm nuv timber they require, uric] the tim- 
ber employed to build these obstructions tuay be the very 
timber desired by French IdwiM. Moreover, they say, 
all these buildings und the industries they shelter are injuri- 
ous to tbo waters of the shore, ami render them unlit (or the 
habitation of fish. 

Each of these claims is in part detiictl by the English, 
and in still greater port by the Newfoundlanders. Ih the 
long Udu of British sbilwaieo who have Itad to tin with the 
question, only Lard Palmerston has fully adouterl the colo- 
nial view. Lord bultebury has never precisely defined his 
own eofUrtiiinn. In this dispute with the Freueli, as In llie 
Behring bea issue with Mr Blaine, he lias been content to 
slate the colonial position without actually endorsing it. But 
if bU pcreotiul construction of llte declarailuU can bo got at 
front the maw of wortl* with wliic-li lie has endeavored to 
coneeai it, he inclines to admit the Frcucb asscttUm that 
the shore must remain forever a wilderness, devoted only 
to the ILsIiing industry; that then should be Du villngvs or 
permanent ihrellliig-placcw there, and no industry jvii nmed 
which in any way tends (u impair the value of the fishery. 
Ho Insist*, however, that the French right*, whatever they 
may br, ant nut exclusive, but, oil the contrary, are us 0|M!I1 
to British subjects as to French citizen*. This he justifies 
by referring to the second clause of the declaration, which, 
as the later one. may be fairly presumed to explain what 
goes before. It state* that the fishery to be prosecuted lArm 
— that is, along the French shore — shall he of the same kind 
that has at »lilimc* been acknowledged, and ‘it ahull not 
be deviated from t>f nihtr parts '' These expressions, ac- 
cording to T.ord Salisbury, Uwve no reasonable doubt of llte 
Intention of the framers of tl>e treaty, and of their Modesties 
who ratified it, to allow British subject* to fish for coo thrns 
on equal term* with lire French, thus explaining the earlier 
claiwe which forbade interference! by coroprtiiioo, and mak- 
ing it mean merely that tbe French should have the right 
of way. 

Cast t otwiKita M called ruaT 

The consideration of this second clause of the king’s dec- 
laration brings us conveniently to Utc latest phase Df the 
quarrel, the celebrated row about lobsters. A lung the slums 
of Newfoundland, and especially along the French *liore, 
lobster* grow a* nowhere else. They are larger, finer, sweet- 
er. lartier flavored, and much firmer than any other lobster* 
taken from any sea. About live year* ago the Newfound- 
lander* living along the French shore began to cart them, 
mid an industry of great value suddenly sprung up. Now 
King George hud specified that lire fishery which should lie 
conducted there wn* the <mn “which luui at all times been 
acknowledged." That, beyond dispute, was a cod-fishery. 
It was not to lie " deviates! from by either party.” There- 
fore. according to the Freueli, whatever rights the colonist* 
might have, they certainly did not have the right to catch 
or I'uu lobster*. Equally certain was it that they did not 
bare tbe right to put up “fixed settlement*.'' ami if any- 
thing could be railed a “fixed settlement" it was a lobster 
factory. Having applied this well choacn argument to the 
colonial*, the French straightway proceeded to reject it for 
IliFinselves, nod swing how rapidly lobsters were being turn- 
ed into dollars, they went over in large number* from St. 
1'ierrv, and established tbomselve* in tbo lobster industry 
•l*o. 


all these French pretension*. Atcoriiiugly, they lteld public 
Dueling* from which their wntllt poured fortli tumult- 
uously. and their Legislature appealed to Great Britain in 
ravage resolution*. Their in-lonJthnieul aud infinite vexation 
may lie easily imagined when the response to throe I*-- 
sttchlugH eume curly lust year id the fortu of u aiatfvr fin ndi, 
contracted by England mid Fruiter without the knowledge of 
the New futindUml government, tu Ibis effect Ibul. pending 
further iKgntialions of the lobster question, all factories of 
either nation in exislemo on July I. 1H8B. might operulc 
during the h-ason of HfiN). but no ncvrefuctory on dll Iter 
side couhl lw operated without the joint Cornell L of the 
French nod English naval commanders on tho station . and 


bon*, ansi hence for British favor, were id Orel disposed to 
counsel moderation. But before tire fishing *r**o«i of IWXi 
lull] actually opened, the island was a unit, aud to speak uf 
Fraui'e anywhere wa* to raise nt once an outcry uf resent- 

It has been already said tlial the French do not make the 
downright claim of the right to catch and ran lobsters. 
This re-quin'* some qunlrfical ion. M. Flint reu*. but recently 
the French Minister of Foreign AlTair*. and certainly ■ Matcs- 
tnan of eminent antecedent*, ba* puhliely declaml that tlie 
treatlc* afford " a right of veritable sovereignty ” Tbi* 
undoubtedly expresses the sentiments. a* it interpret* the 
art*, of tlie French fishermen. But 11. Floureu* in office 


for every new factory allowed to oiw side, one wa* to be 
granted to the other. 

There ««a nothing ntiout tbU arrangement that wo* not 
Utterly offensive to the colonial*. Most offensive of all 
wo* tbe fact that it bod been secretly come at, Early in 
their history as a self governed country, in 1857. after pro- 
longed dbpulra with the French, a couvi iitinn had Imh-d 
framed by tho government* nt London and Fart* without 
tbe nurlicijailian of the colonial cabinet, and when it* text 
reached St, Johns, the colonial legislature expused its fol- 
lies, and indignantly repudiated it. Great Britain prompt- 
ly receded from the treaty, and in announcing it* acquit** 
cent action to the colour, tbi* highly satisfactory language 
was used : " Tlw consent of tli-c community of Newfound- 
land i* regarded by her Mujcaly's guverntneut u* tbe c* 
icnliol preliminary to any modification of their territorial 
or maritime right* " A plaiucr promise wua never made, 
und it has been to Newfoundland a roapna c/airt n. And in 
arranging this new swy/iu not only bad Lord Salisbury vio- 
lated this eMK-'Utial pledge, not only Iwul lie assumed to make 
one man s lolaiter uuslnes* legal and another's Uk-^al, but 
be hod practically cooeeded that the French couhl enter 
upon Newfoundland territory upon another errand than 
tkio*c specified Iti tho treat k-s — a cod corn on which scesncd 
to the colonist* insufferable, and which they rtgnidcd as mi 
illustration of tbe ignorance of their situation and of the dis- 
regard of thoir right* habitual to British ntaicttmen. 


The colonist* protested saragi-iy, Tltey aswrtrd their 
rights much more broadly tluut Lord Salisbury has done. 
The l miti te*. they sakl. meant nothing more than that the 
Freoii could entch rodfith off that txiust, if there were 
any to natch, and could land and dry Uirm. But every 
inch *<f Newfoundland soil belonged to Newfoundland, and 
no Frenchman could apnriqxlate a grain of it. or take nny- 
iliing from the waters aimut it except cod. Tbi* new ng- 
j;rcw*k>(i. thev mid, wa* (lie ln»t si law tbat broke tbe cam- 
«d's back Fur a hundred years they htul patiently mdurrii 
thin hateful Fre nch inrubuV Tin y lm-1 Mllmiilt«l to have 
their eiH-rglc* stiffod, their resource* wosti.il. and their live* 
in*. |e dcpenileut ujiod n single industry, wlicn till nroiind 
1 ln-m were Hie Opportunities or wealth, but thev would miV 
rnil no longer. An end must be made, aod itiode quickly, of 


T11K REAL MOTIVE OF FRENCH HOt*TO.ITT. 

At once they advanced Ibeir position, and from patient, 
c-ven limbi npplirnnU for merely a strict construction of 
tbe treaty law, which, of counH-.'friHit it* nature, as Involv- 
ing hardship, tlwqr were rntitkd to, they became imjtojaion- 
ed. resolute ugitutura for it* lotid abrogation. They talked 
with lliestunir rwndoT natural to an urouwd Snxon. They 
Iasi! doin' witli all tbi* pother and worry, they said: the 
French must go. They would never accept nuy anranircment 
sloirt of tli.il. and for that they would fight if llie.v Iutd to. 
N.il to individual* nor thlMS wn* this sort of talk confined. 
It wa* llte deliberatic.- ih-cluration of the whole preiide. 
Officials, of cinurM. spoke with more or lew caution and re- 
oerve. Belf -aw-king politkiona, bunting for star* and rib- 


*u leu grasping, aud hi* aucccwori have dblinrtly dim- 
vowud *o far-rewching a claim. Tltey contend merely for it) 

I lie exclusive right of fisliing off the shore; (2) that no use 
mny he made by the British of the shore which in the 
judgment of liu* French interferes with or Injures the INb 
cry; and <2) tbat die British cwn have no right of fishing 
whatever which dor* not also appertain to tbo Freueli, 
whether it be for lobsters, herring, or cod. Now. *s we 
bare wwn, the cod fishery is a Action. It docs no* exist, und 
piotably never can again until all the problems of artifi- 
cial propagation nnd planting have been sol veil; aud since 
propagation by the colonials would mean the creation of a 
fishery for the benefit of (heir foe*, and sitter the French do 
llo* want tbe alt-ore fiahery in their present dmniitlliMS 
anyhow, it may lie neorpjed as a fact that their right*, 
whether great ur amid I, are of no value- The reason, iben. 
nf their uocomp«ojiiisitig refusal to part with them— for 
that is (be pooition they bum taken ami with intenao resolu- 
tion— has to be sought at a lung distance from the French 
sltore. However, it i* not iisid to ffml, and, from tbe 
French point of vicw.il Is profoundly ampie. It >* twofold. 

It is partly commercial and partly psilitiral. Ferbape its 
political phase l* tbe more iolturntial — certainly the mrire 
widely- influential. Tlie rninmcreial )dm*e i* si.igguated by 
tlie ndicrmcn. and concctua their tietH-Miith-s, Imt tbi* 
alone would scarcely be sufficient to petsuade the entire 
French nation to lf»k offending England, wlwn England 
makes such conciliatory mlmm-cs. Taken together. Iiowev. 
cr, Lite two consoHdute Fn-ttch iqnDhm. nnd render France 
much inure interested la maintain rights tlhat ore uulcta to 
her than i* England to recover rights that are of immense 
value lo the colonist*. 

The situation to Egypt, wbicli to every Frenchman is 
thoroughly exasperating, fully explains llie universal de- 
mand in France that tbe fishermen lie sustained. The felt- 
ennen, on their part, rrouiro bait, nnd bait l» not to lie hail 
a* Ft, Pierre, DOT along the French shore, nor anywhere else 
than iu those bays on tlie southern nnd eustvru coasts which 
arc under the exclusive control of Hu- colonists. These two 
facts tell the secret of France'* harsh refusal to consent to 
anything but Uie open ncknow kdgment of !ict right*. Thu 
pursuit of tlie out «* an utter inkpotalUlity without rasy 
acow lo a l«lt market Tlie market at Halifax Is scarce- 
ly equal to the Canadian nnd American demand. The 
market nl St. Jolin'a is the only one where the French can 
profitably buy. Tlireo ilttie ifcbea— the twnlin. the squid, 
anti tbe herring— furnish the food of the cod. They do not 
apjwar uli together; each bus Its aeaatm, or “run." The 
caplin comes first, in immense *hnnl*, early in June, aud 
then the cod flahing beglui. Just liefore tlie cuplin disap- 
pears, the Bquld arrives, and then, in timely turn, the her- 
ring. Tbe catch of these bait firlit* is ulatofutely rontroHrel 
by Newfoundland. Their migrations carry tbt-tn imwlu-re 
except along tbe con*U held by ibe cokmv. nnd tho cod- 
fishery. no matter wlreri- it may bo conducl’ed, is lira* livid 
like a vise in tlw colony's baud*. This fact explain* (be rc- 
cim treaty negotiateil by Mr. Blaine with Mr. Bond, tlie Co- 
li-niul Secretary of Newfoundland, hy which, in return for 
free bait for the American fishermen, lire United Stales offer 
to Newfoundland what they have repeatedly refused to 
Canada— a free market for irer fish. Fret- bait conrrdnl hy 
CMnada would lie simply a free entry lo a poor bait market. 
Free bait from Newfoundland would menu a sure and ever- 
sufficient supply, 

THE COLOR V» IKFI-KXIttl.F. DEMAND. 

It also explains the refusal of the French fishermen to 
give up rights that they awn, but don’t went nnd i-miT use. 
Value his ns Uic Freik-li afanre is lt» litem, they fully under 
Maud and appreciate its tremeudoiis imtHtrtanee to tbe enl- 
ony.mDd wlicn they sell (Mr leasehold it will lie at a price 
representing lu worth to Newfoundland— net to France. 
Tltey will giro it up any slay for free toil, but free Imlt l< 
(he one price that Ncwfonnidlaod will never pay. Nor 
would she bo justified in iloinir *o l'nlmuml utte>* to her 
bull market extended to France would menu llo- low of her 
commercial Imlvpendefice. aral amli-r the pmenl Fretirli 
bounty system (by whkh (lu- French fishermen are paid out 


276 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


of lire |Mtldta Irtwur)' a mkii fully equal tn tire coat of catch- 
in^c their (ixli, so tout every Mju they lake in is dear pi util > 
it would mean widespread muvaiUin in Newfoundland. 
For, without opening i Ik- markets of France l« a r.itipl*r 
•piluttil of Newfoundland ti*h, it wrml<l iiiuireii'rty increase 
I Ire French cuu-ii, und !•>' mi much a* it had linn eftec*. It 
u ou 111 crowd out die- Newfoundland tUli from the markets 
of Austria, Itulv. I’orllljpil. and Spain. Free final to 1 lie 
l ulled Mates, Jtowcvcr. would •« n very different thing. 
The rive millions of dnllms which now rvplvxeiil (lie value 
of Newfoundland's tulicry product would inevitably be 
much increased. Not only noulil tbui product have mi no 
limited market here, belt fit. John'* und tilcnicextCT would 
enter into partnership, mid Would control llte fidit-rits of tlie 
wu-terti Atlantic to the uiidi>uMcd impairment of lire Fivnc-li 
•oil Canadian internal* In every market in the world, lu 
the light of thi* fact. ranudu a aolicituda lest .Mr. Bond'* 
treaty should Ik- ratified by the imperial govern nreul is eu- 
ally underaiood. So, loo, iv England'* Mural to ratify it. 
And no. al*i>, is it the purpose of the French ucver to rclin- 
quidi Unit rlghtn on the shore until Newfoundland Ira* 
been tortiinpd nilci plnriuj; her Ixiit supply ul lire dtiproiil of 
the men of SI. Pierre. 

Where Urete conlrovcrsie* will lend llic Newfoundlanders 
in a burning question. They have mud*. history rapidly 
during lire po*t year. The caartmeal of the ai-wfu* rim. A' 
hu» been followed iu rapid provision hy many events Unit 
si'cut to be paving the way ton radical constitutional change. 
The iiior/wr, resisted in practice, was fought In the courts, 
anil (hi* led to a Mauling discovery. It sectu* ilut skidk* 
ycu.ni ago the British Htrlkuuecil npenleil in bulk n number 
of StAlllKA Ulllt wi.-n? passed in give cffiil la treulits now 
den. I Among them, mudverteiiily, »us iticUided the net 
enuhliug the government tn enforce the fishery clauses of the 
Treaty of UtrtchL Hu that, with this new lolMtcr arrange- 
RKnt nu hU hand*, Lord Salisbury wa* without power "to 
carry ll out. Ncverttidcra, he undertook to do so, on lire 
ground that it was an act of state, and lih naval I'nintnander 
forcibly seized ami closed the factory of James liairvi. a sturdy 
Scotchman of St John's. Mr. Baird at once the 

role of a village iliuiipdcu. He tixik Captuiu Sir Huldniii 
Walker Into court, and there explained to him i bat in the 
law of free England the stale was a dual insliluliun, eam- 
l*.'-4>l of the people and the Mvcreign. and that mi art of 
atiiU* was an act performed hy them Im>i1i. and that it could 
no more he performed by lire sovereign on tlw (icuplc than 
hy the jatoplc on Uie sovereign. This argument convinced 
the court, uud presumably Ixird Salisbury aUo, for the very 
latest of the omirrrnors so utpidly adding to the rotupli- 
caiiotis of the controversy is un act introduced Into Parlia- 
ment hy the British government reviving the authority Unit 
hud been destroyed. The trecewlly for the pasrage of this 
hill is rendered urgent hy tire renewal nf the hated inw/us, 
during the pendency of which France and England have 
agreed to «r hit rate Uie question which, if either, of the lwi> 
tmtioDi cun catch and rail lobslera. To atfaitnile that Is to 
arbitrate nothing. I'o decide it will dtddt nothing. The 
agitation lu Newfoundland has carried the |«uplc to n point 
from which tlicr will not, und in huiiiau nature canunl, re- 
cede until the* French leave left their shores forever, aud left 
tin. iu ill pc&cnful possets km of their own rights. 


THU cnl.iivunw A Ml TltMK I.UlWlls. 

A» a roic. the Newfoundlander* me supremely tilled to 
entry utt j u-1 such u lung, hard si niggle a» their deleflnliMilku 
inrMrr* They know wirat it means They understand where 
they are ptuceil. ns well with Englunil ua with France They 
argue ili.it what they demand U right; that France'* opp*. 
sit lull, being political niaialv. should be uiet by i«iIIiichJ 
conccsuioMt that tlivir pouilwu, holding lire key of Ike St 
Lawrence and the cutiiiuniid of all ( auuiliiiri u{ipKMclw», 
insures England* hnuJ Milwiisiion; dial if it dia-sn't, urd if 
Kligliilid sacrifices them ItUuf lima her pride, they all- etill 
ill no c-ipcrial d»lig>T i**inpiirul*.r tn the |u:til of slow alar 
vat ion; Tor simuld Frauee umleituke to eafont her cl-iliu-. 
*hc wniild Mtiwurlly mlw on u w ur of conquest, ami Unit 
would iueviiiibly bring Uie l niled MuIih to their rescue. 
These views are iiupreustd upon the people hy men of supe- 
rior ability lu Sir William \ . VVliilcway. llle l’reruii r. iuhit 
young and anlciu IJeulsoant Mr. flood, in Mr. Moure*-, 
Mr Murioe, ami Sir Julue* Winter, the principnt lesdela of 
thv Opposition, lire colonists have champion* of 'just such 
logical minds mid lUtlant heuil* us are necesaury to uphold 
a cwuie so ilirtlcull but so *c)f conunciiding sir William, 
perhaps, is not mi rrgnnUesi as Uie others of tlw feelings of 
those at home.*’ for tw kinn the respflisihilitks of office on 
Ids shoulders, and perhaps, too, the dreiuit of another star 
and a culoulal goVermirsliip Ln-fole hi* eyes. But hi* n-***ci- 
ale* furnish all the tire nnd passion tuisU-d to commend the 
guv cm me ut to iL> bltlciesl ceucral o)i|>inc*ut. Mr. Ihu.d, 
especially, i 4 nnUjxiken in Ids dcnuDriatious of lire mullicr 
cour.tr v. ami vi greatly luitt* Ida criticlarur cinb;ir/a*^d him 
with tJic Colonial Ollltc Hist it wa* ncccMnry in nmii him 
from the list of delegates who are about to anil fur England 
to protest against the Kunuford hill. Tin- re delegate* in 
dude Sir William, Sir. Shea, the President uf the Council, 
ami Speaker Fmetw.n icpre-troting do- gorcrumcut, and Mr. 
Munruu soil Mr. Morim ripie*eii!ipgilieOj>|».i»itioii lu pur 
plow they are- owe. They tejirreeni not puliaa, but the uq- 
dividid |**ii pie The Ne'u foundlunders lire a rare CullihiiM 

tiuoof Saxon nnd Celt. Tlay come from tbc West Country 
in England mid tire South uf Ireland They are duple- 
minded, a* all men are who live among naiurc'* wild*, mid 
utterly ftnrlr** as are ever those wlu. make their living on 
the Mil. As iiulmvii they arc* superb, lull, huge, with frames 
of iron und iuum'Ic* of 'steel, strong u* oxen, agile* a* eats. 
They live in village*, like t^uidi Yldl and Petty Iluiljor, 
lliat eluitcr around n trau.'iuil tnlct shielded hy rocky heights, 
where flic pure -north lirmtt fill their lutig* with lift*. 
Here their little while cottage* ding to lire sides of tlu* cliffs, 
while below, on the water'* edge, arc ihcir drying llakt 1 ** and 
linking sheds. Their work i* always In the open, when; tire 
wind slugs aud lire surge intones. ' lieu* tln-y imbibe their 
riotions of fr.vd. *i\ and uf right as well. What wouder that 
they' any they will have lire birthright they have w rested 
from the deep? 

1A '1 111: LAW IX TLJklUt FATOR ? 

Why not? Have they not the legal and moral right to 
]*il an end to the evils they suffer? I* it mu plain that 
It England were not complicated with France In a dozen 
other quarters of lire globe, and particularly in Egypt and 
China, that right would be instantly asserted ? In it not a 


rigid tL.it appeal* lo tire CMMdenco nnl less than the Judg- 
ment of mankind? Ilui unfortunately fur Newfoundland. 
It rests un n kind of morality <>f which England it lierwlf 
tire world's chief coeoiy. If «lre tells France (hill lire French 
shore i* an nuunialy,' M KiIh-I mar *Ur.ig his sliniddi.-ra, 
touch hi* forefinger" tu his mise. umf soy. "Ah.ao is Egypt; 
no is Hung Ki-ug: »o 1“ CilheaHar ’ If lire pleiuU ilmt Flellrll 
ocrupntiitii of the soil of Newfoundland involve-* hardship 
io It* uuiive people. M. Rlbot may reply that hU grin 
at that la only eipialled hy hi* grief at (lie inlinilc-fy liurder 
lot of the native priiicx-s und people* *.f Indiu. And yet 
r.isp eiinre du*-* not exi-use auother, und the low nf nations, 
which is but the doctrine of righteous tie** applied lo tlreir 
rchiliutti, forbid* them to exact lire pound .*1 1lr»h. The 
engageraenta fastened u|xiu Nenfotiudfnml lire kiu.mi io 
lire publicist* as "odious,' tlut c*. a* involving hard endi- 
tiuus. Even wbc-n inch couililiun* ate jusl, possible, and in 
perfect accord with Hie uedvrslanding on hritb sides, their 
me to lie construed iu u genuroua und liiitmiue wav , and lliclr 
operations arc lo bo brought w ithin tb** uarroweel aiuit- The 
Fiench claim Ilmt Ihcir* i* the right of u per|x-iual and ex- 
dusivc iis- of nearly urn- half of tbc ooaat-liire of n juipulmw 
uud eivilUcd country, IttOO mile* ilislaiit from France, no 
tnatu-r huw they nripiircd it. n-ir buw much or lutle ilrey 
need it or ic«e it, i* a claim which, even wen it cleat lv 
fusllllcd In tbu ticailei und ndnilil.-ij In pmciicv. would still 
lie repugnant to tin* moral principle* underlying in leriiatiun, 
id law. It Ja Otw of a clnw uf cluilus, offensive in ilio spirit 
of (in* century and hostile to tire devclppiucnt of tire race, 
with which learned writer* and just statc-atneu make no 
cr.iuv-sliiii-nt of their impatience 
But in this ciue tlic* claim is nut clearly justified In the 
tmitie* nor ndiuUUd in practice, ami cobditiuns that human 
niighl could nut dissipate, if it would, have grown up lu bar 
ll. Broadened <>r eoDtracIcd, it ilcnmtid* w leal runnot l»e 
given, and forbids what must Jie conceded. There* are So.OlX) 
people on tbu French shore to-day. They must live, und 
they have lire right to live as well us they enn. The Aca- 
dian *J:*;- - ie- gi-* r TU line has paasod whm nalioM ran 
Ire tnutaportcsL “ When the lie rf<- nuance of a treaty be- 
comes nop' *•>■ Mr. Jefferson, " uoD-perfotncuinu 
is lint i mmnl.vl ; si. if perfannan-.v br-ci>mi-* self dcslrucllvc, 
the* law . f -.- I 1 1 iv> i ni t*s the laws of obliguliott 

lo other* " Aim) Hrfftcr caqtends, with n propriety nhieli. 
if good wjif.li he wrote. iun scarcely tiuw lie detikd, “that 
all such condition* are inunilly impiKuil.lc wiiich lire opuosed 
lo lire tree development of lilitioll*." This ia liberal doc- 
trine. to be sure, but the age wc live in i* liln*r»l. while that 
which left its uiiluti* inheritance lo New found laud *«» nar- 
row und jrnLui* and still M ini U udsl. Tlu- laws tlntl are 
now recognized hy publicists and by unliun* as jumlyiog 
the abrogation of trewtics, or of clauM** of them, were ngrecu 
ujxio with direct reft-reiice tu that age aud tu the hitter ex- 
action* its wars imposed Jt runnot Ire denied that the 
busts aud origin of the French shore treaties were n Mato 
of tilings which no longer exists. It cannot Im* denied that 
this stale of things— tliiil is, llie iiiiBCttled cumliliuu uf New- 
foundland null Its enipluyinenl hy (hr KnglUh as n fi‘iiiag 
stall im- was the chief imitive of lire grunt. This slate of 
Ihiines cannot U* iwtond, Tlmt it w«ut »u* the fault of 
no otic but lime and jirugress. and they forbid its return. 


NEXT DOOR TO THE CHURCH. 

Ir wm not the rectory -, that was on the other side. It was 
a long, low-studded, ohl fasilionesl house. Willi wide rumbling 
pla/./ns. and u lawn which ran Up to the very church win- 
dow*. and prcMTved ils Mlculiiy a* a lawn, nnd distinct from 
a clnmli jard by lh« Inter veliiiun of a low iron fence A 
gate in the iron fence, aud a hox Imrdercd w alk leudiug (u a 
little -uie door In the north Inuuqil, rendered lire church 
nuy of arvess. ami left mil the shadow uf nn exeuw* for suy 
n»e ruber of ’he Bire-U fnnniy U> May away from service Not 
ilut the Birch family ever desired lo stay away from servile, 
tyiiie the contrary. Mr. HikIl being *cu(or warden, took un 
the collect too, and could not he sjaretl. Mr*. Btrrh was gixl- 
mother io all llte babies who canto Into lire world not *util- 
eicutly well supplied with Dial necessary article, and it win 
io* umbeni upun Iter to he a properly shlulDgeXAinpre. John 
Went to church becuu-v* Li* father and mother ami Katherine 
did, uud he did Out like to Ire left at humc ulohc; ut Iciiet Hint 
is what Joint might have said if he had been iiskrtl. hut I 
d-oulit if it had ever entered Ins tread that lie tvnltl slay at 
home. And KatlM-rinc? Katherine hud luved to go to 
church all through Iter happy childhood and gitlhood; uud 
whoa site came uoure from college tbit bright wranter- ti 
“sweet girl graduate." tut John inucklugly called her— -he 
love* I It mure than ever. Moreover, Katherine loved to go 
into the great dusky chure-ll iu the sweet eutmuer aftemuuiie, 
wiicti there was no' congregation to disturb the solemnity of 
the place, and when she ixMild sit quiet In u curlier uf a 
)*.-w.nnd think Irer own thouglits mid plan hrr own future 
A glorious future it wus lo tie, full of noble self sacrifice and 
uf toil fur suffering Immunity Ami the <*uiisliin« falling 
upon the tiled Ilnur iu wavering patches of purple and yel- 
low* tree tiled lo Ittf to ftymboUm her dtvsims. Tire purple 
mcfitit lire struggle* kIh- xluiuld have t*i iniik**; the gold, tin* 
joy wlticli would i wilt fr*mi tin Ivravc ciuiqucritva <*f self 
It was nut very prolltiihle, tuid her eulur *ymb*-rH<rit was 
■erialtily nil wrung, hut the afternoon* in tire old church 
tne helpful, happy lime* tu her. 

Stum times Julm would coam io*« But Joint was u iiHcful 
rnlher than an aninraenlnl meitiK-r uf society, mid he knen- 
that Ids pro|*r plmtt w it* Irehiud tin orr.tii. where he dhl 
nut show, hut where lie rendered ill valuable aid to Kalber 
iuc. who, prfrhod U|mi> the high organ Scut in froot, vukud 
her idiuibi and oa|>iraiioiis in the music she wrung from the 
heart of thu great oignn. These afternoous were even bet- 
ter than the quiet one*. 

The rector of tit. Mark's w«» young, uud new tu the par- 
ink. lie hail beunl much of Knthcriiw U-furr hrr return 
from college; lou much, lu fad, lu make him look forward 
with pleasure ti> the prospect «f such a parishioner " Kath- 
erine will bring new intellectual life into her circle of young 
friend*, " said her mother. "Katherine will know the rev- 
tona for these new fmisbd notions of your*. ‘ -old |w-r fa 
llrer. “My, liut Kiltie knows when a sermoa Is IhuI. said 
John. And oiiltnb* tire fumily it was tlu* mine, "mil the tniu- 
htcr groaned in spirit. 

"A paragon In » parish I* a pooillve J»»t. >alrt ho t:> !iim 
relf. ii(ir<iQM!i(iusly alliterative in his WOtll. " 1, at leust, 
simll rmt bow down to Un* Imdlvclual uuiucrat." 


The ilny of her arrival came. It was Saturday . Mr. (ar- 
son was a frequent guest at the hospitable mansion next 
door, mid after In* Into dinner lie dropped in to ptty hi* rc- 
specie. "Better gel it over with." thought he. He wus 
ilut ii mail who rti d from <li-agrceiil>)c dutlc*. 

As he stepped upon the wide front veranda, u figure* ro»e 
from a Imiiniioik nl the* end. m»i dime forward— a little fig- 
ure, .'lender nnd graceful. The M-dimr sun behind fell ujhjii 
the golden linlr. ruakiug a elitnlug halu abu<it |i The rosy 
gumn rcfK-aleil the- mini* of tlie evening skv It S(*enit*l tei 
the* yuUlig tu im that the heart of the* BUlfcMd 1)11*1 cmlsHlied it- 
self, and was cniuing lu meet btin. Ami then the brilliancy 
of (he sky faded, and there was only u maiden with golden 
Koir aud a msv guwu standing before him, bidding out her 
hand, and saving: 

"Thin is Mr. (.arson. >a it not? Mamma told uie In ex- 
pect you. Situ will be* uut very »ouu " 

Then, hustling, housewifely* Mrs. Birch a pj wared in the 
front dour, with: "Oh. Kiillurint, mv dear, ate you alutic? 
Wby, here is Mr. t.'ur*uik! And. Mr, ( arson, this is my 
dll lighter, lluw glad i am to have you kuuYi OIMi aliutbci', 
idler ul) y*v,i have htwrd about each other! Now do sit 
down, ami talk amt Ik friends." 

KutirerlM looked ui tire niluLter again, and there* was a 
twinkle in her eye. mid u curious Little smile about Ibe corner)* 
ui her immlk Mr, Canon felt inufu uncomfortable than 
suittsl hU priestly composure What bail -Mrs. Birib I well 
saying about bln? Could it be* tlml Ire had been held up 
liefoie* Ibis charming iiutUlcn ns a paragon, urilil she* re- 
gnrdis) Inin a* lie* Lad ex jetted Die minute* before lo rc- 
trarel berj 

" Bui. indeed, Mrs Birch, you du tue loo great honor," he 
raid. " I lru*t Ilmt yon have net given Mix* Birch a wrong 
ImpKUiJou." 

And tlicii he wiiiitei] to nniuhilnte himw-lf for having 
brought down ibe flood of Mtlnry which kind and ootapo- 
k< u Mrs, liircl) proceeded lo pour Upon hi* devoted head. 
And Kuthe-riite* mi demurely by. and tried to look solemn 
and uwrd.n* wus ju*-|*er in lire DKMRCV nf one whom her 
mother »o rawed, Lui a must absurd little* vinilo would 
play about lire eorticr* uf her mouth, milking the dimples 
come noil go ill n fiLsciiiatiiig wny, Mr. (iarsoii knew -be 
was laugh leg at him. and he* did uut like It. hut lie liked to 
Watch the dimples. 

fv nt tsnriiiv hud o<-( expected to tlud Mr. ('arson u iwenigoii. 
Stic knew her mothers fuiiiltiesei for elcrgynu-n of any rod. 
nnd cupoc tally for her uwn nnicwlnr rector. She knew 
eipinily well Lev mother's habit of seeing und talking atioilt 
I he best In every uiit*. and *h*: hml romo home prepared to 
m«*-i i very ordinary you Iis: man. Katheriuc had a Unhit. 
Rut I ulrer Iti'd from her mol her, of rcgaidilig most youthful 
member* of the stronger *cx a* "very ordinary young men 
imk-ed,'' Thk* wa» but because’ they did not lohnire.* her, 
IkiI protiuhly Iktuh**: they ilid. Kalhenne's iileal*. you 
know, were very high, uud theft -Ire wa* Inexperienced. 

At’* r thin, (he happy days Ik-tv hy un swift wings; the 
beuiiiiful guliltn siuniuei lime was fau growing into autumn, 
and the house next dour tn the church hail lirul inoiv llisn 
its sham of g. hkI times. But il liuppenod that "fieri Katli 
trinu Would be missed fi-nti lImi gayest ul the (xiitiv,. and 


would he discovered in the banHUOCk, with Mr. Canuji ou a 
rhrnir by her *t>k*, engaged in earnest discourse 
“Ob, they're talking plan*!" raid Jolin. "Sire's going to 
tench pour children in tbu slums «f New York, and he's 
gniiig to lie a ’ cdtbslr,' whale VW that l». I hearel them thia 
riiuruing. He'* going lo lead a life of stern di-voiinn to 
duty, Ire said; and Kiltie hsiki-d soulful, nnd said ro was 
she.' Truly. If KluK- weren't *o jullv, slic’d lie n stick, and 
anywuv slu* ain't hi nice as »he tro d in he. She's prettier, 
thuugh.only Mr. (.‘uisuh ucver notices whether • girl s jiiclly 

Scptuudwr came, mid with il the lime for John's return to 
school. The day before- hi* departure lie wa* lazily swing 
iug in a hamirioL'k on the porch, when a voice culled to him: 
"John, dear John, just one more favor before you go!" 
John knew well enough w hut was the favor she asked, nnd. 
aftcrafl. thia wus tin la-i linMUand alio Wat ll jolly sister, any- 
wny; so lie come, not ungraciously, down upon" the lawn to 
Katherine, aial together iln-y wi ut iulu lire church. 

Ten minutes after, lire tower door ojn'ncd softly, and Mr. 
( arson enow in. II* had brought it new Tt Iteum for 
Katherine to try; hut Katherine was aUoriieil In her music, 
and find not heard tire ”|*ciilug door and the euie-ring foot- 
steps, and did net look arannd. The niioLtcr slued still. 
The church wa* cool ain) dim afltr the sunshine outside. 
The wavering iiatchrs of purjsle and gold lay In long line* 
across (In- floor. Kullivttlre had dot told him her link- con- 
ceit about lire purple uml gold. Sire knew that U was silly, 
and Ire uitly Ihougbt vaguely that tlie cutor* were limutifiil. 
aud that somehow they remimieii him of Katherine, uud 
tlw u be looked at Iter. In the shallow of lire great organ she 
•ul grave and still. with upturned face 

"N. I eefllo,** tnununO'il tlie minister; and he too Mood 
very still for a minute. Then be gave liltn-elf u link- shake, 
aiid" eiur.c forward. I low he win tempted to let hi* fancy 
wander, here* in the old chill eh' Ik knew his duly, the jmili 
he had laid out for hiui’elf to walk in, atul it wo* a pail* of 
•clf-reouuriatiuu ; lmt how hU detertninat ions had been weak- 
ening all through the Irrighl sa muter time, nml how he had 
(lennitlol ihU purngoii i" fm this U u pahigt*ti,' said lire min- 
ister to hiinrelf; "though nut the kind 1 hud cxjwcted to 
Ms; ' j to set Li* Lriirt a It nl lei 

“I must ini!," Ire raid. And Le walked mlnily up the 
long able — up in he* very aide. But Knilierlue lurnrd and 
lixikrd at him, aud suiii'-.l a grave greet lng a list liauds still 
uf«>n the keys nnd a *ofi tuinur chord ilJiing the air. 

" Katheriue. tit) little Kuthctiur!" redd the nDulxter. And 
Ilia strong Ivand imprison'd thu little one on the while key*. 
Tbc dioni became a sudden juinhlc, and then slopired al 
tfgethrr 

" And wlren he railed her little- Kllhorini*, and sire didn't 
►ay anything. I alopped puntplng." raid John nftcrwaid; 
" for usually Kntkcnire hales- iu I *c called little " 

Tire aim ►tr*.:iMi**d in lliruugb tbti wt-i window; tire toft 
light fell UJhiu Katbcriue's Itair. 

"Tic void Is Hi*, color of your luiir. mid the other la the 
color of your ( JUS . that is why 1 love it, dear heart," raid 
the raiuii-rar. 

- And lire purple doesn't menu sorrow, 
very softly; “it ureuu» glory.'' 


raid Kiillrerine, 
M D. E L 



GENERAL NELSON A. MILES— Prom a Photograph bt Tarek San Fraxchioo -(See P ao , aj2.) 



Vol. XXXV— No. 1791. 

OopTTldlil. MRI. bj Haki-ch « Uiu.thim. 


NEW YORK, SATURDAY, APRIL 18, 1891. 


TEN CEN7S A COPY, 
INCLUD1NO SUPPLEMENT. 


Digitized by Google 



278 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1791. 


HARPER St BROTHERS 

Have Just Published: 

CHITTENDEN'S 

President Lincoln. 

Recollections of President Lincoln and His Ad- 
ministration. By L. H. Chittj-mhn, his Register 
of the Treasury. With Portrait of President 
Lincoln, pp. viii, 470. 8vo, Cloth. Uncut 
Edges and (tilt Top. $2 so. 

Mr. Chittenden, it b well known, wiu the Register of the 
United States Trrasiiry -lining the pctitvl -if the l T .il War, anil 
mi on terms of intimate fricmlship with I'rr»ideiU Lincoln and 
tnanjr »l the trading mrl» connected with his administration. 
Hit op|K<rtunitict of ol-vtrving the mnninloiu events id that 
time wet* unetcelWsl. ami them few |*r»iin living whole 
leuiiniurence* would pos-c** si. man}- features of interest to **1 
large a immlvt of persons, nr a Inch weald be so well worthy of 
preservation in permanent funn. 

POPULAR EDITION 

Sir Walter Scott's Journal 

The Journal of Sir Walter Scott. iK’s-iKu. 
From the Original Manuscript at Abbotsford. 
Popular Edition. 1 vol., pp. bio. Crown 8vo, 
Cloth, $2 vx 

Who tan repo-tnee the unHle charm nml piltn*. of Scott'* 
J HU dial > ... It laid* immensely to our knowledge of the man 
who u»*. not only in Scotlatid, hut thnnighiwit the Knglrdt- 
hjicaking world, the literary monarch of hU day, — A". V. Aren- 

Pi BtbiHFO BV HARPER & BROTHERS. N. Y. 

EjPAVVbr of the abr tv *v rtr mill be uni by mail, fasttgr 
faiJ, to any fart of the United Statu, CouaJa, or Mexico, on 
eetriff of the frier. 


No. 1701. 

Harpers Weekly, 

WITH mVKW, AMU wrmjCMKNT COXTArNIXO 
AS 1 1, LIST HAT* II ARTICLE OS GI.IMl-VEn OP 
At 'ITT RAM AN MPR 

TERES ■ I* CKOT* A rot't. »l 00 * li lt, ft AllTIM'K. 

Snbui-ifitnMn limy beffia with mtf .Vmnhtr. 


THE AUSTRALIAN* CO N FEDERATION. 
rilKK confederation of the Australian states, of 
I which the Constitution has just I •ecu adopted. in 
an event of the highest importance. It is practically 
the sudden appearum-e of n m*w mcralrr in the great 
family of political powers. It is a natural result of 
a system of large and flourishing polonies, and Eng- 
land is wiser now than she was a hundred years ago. 
when she sought to hold a continent in colonial sub- 
jection. The scheme of a huge confederation of all 
the British colonies, which was discussed a few years 
since, lias not been found practicable, lint the pro- 
ject showed the tendency of colonial Drought. and 
the Australian confederation is the first significant 
issue, Virtually the confederation "ill be im)e|ien- 
dent, but it retains a nominal connection with the 
mother country. Tlrere is no rupture, as there was 
in our case, and there will he no tradition of hos- 
tility. It is precisely the event which GoLDWIN 
Smith, iu his historical lectures at Oxford many 
years ago, wished might have occurred in America. 
The separation between a mother country and its 
distant colonies grown into independence should be 
only like the extension of the parent household into 
new and distinct families. Of such a natural devel- 
opment the Australian confederation is the must sig- 
nal and interesting example. 

Tile Australian colony was originally a prnul set 
lleinent. But the charm and fertility of the country 
have drawn a large population from England, nml 
there are now six ditTorcnt states upon the continent, 
besides the islands of New Zealand The chief stales 
are Victoria and New 8011 th Wales, and the total 
imputation is more than four millions of person*. 
The details of Australian products, industry, and 
commerce will be found in the Supplement to this 
issue of the WrKKI.Y. It is not surprising that the 
statesmen of the country should feel that it had come 
of age. and desire that its |tolitir*l institutions should 
conform to the actual situation. Among the states- 
men of the country. Sir llENltv I'aukks. Prime Min- 
ister of New South Wales, is the must eminent, arid 
the new scheme of federation is chiefly due to him. 
The fundamental conditions are these: the retention 
by every state of it* rights, powers, nml special privi- 
leges, except as they may be modified by the agree- 
me nt . freedom of inter state commerce, with a federal 
foreign tariff; llie army and navy under federal con- 
trol. This, of course, i* practical independence, and 
implies the withdrawal of the British army and navy. 


The organization of the federal government it mod- 
elled upon that of the United States, with one or two 
important differences. There will be a (’’handier of 
Representatives elected by popular vote in districts, 
and a Senate of an equal number of member* for 
each state. There will be also a federal ministry, 
re*|ioi>tiihl« to the Legislature, ami a federal Gov- 
ernor appointed by the British crown. This officer 
will he powerless. He will not appoint his own 
cabinet, which will be, ns in England, substantially 
a committee of the Legislature. The Governor will 
lie merely a sign of friendly relation* with England. 
But the instant these relations should become un- 
friendly. the Governor could be quietly net aside, and 
replaced by un elected Governor. The actual power 
of the government is vested in the Legislature, which 
is elected by popular vote, of which the ministry, the 
real executive, is an agent. There will be also a 
federal court of appeal for all Australia. This au- 
thority has been exercised hitherto by a committee 
of the Privy Council appointed by the crown. 

8 uch, in general, is the Australian confederation. 
It is a movement of the utmost importance iu British 
annals, because it ends conclusively the anticipation 
of • world-encircling British Empire controlled from 
the British capital. It was always a proud emotion 
with which the Englishman read in his Time* that 
yesterday despatches were sent from the Foreign Of- 
lire to China, East India, the West Indies, the Gulf 
of Mexico, the Mediterranean, Canada. ami Australia, 
"whose morning drum beat, following the sun and 
kee|»iiig company with the hours, circles the earth 
with one continuous and unbroken strain of the 
martial airs of England. " Bui the Australian con- 
federation ends only the authority, not the senti- 
ment. Hie loyalty of the British heart to Engluml 
will still circle the earth with the morning drum 
beat, and all the more warmly that it will be a feel- 
ing un vexed by tbe jealousies of power, 


PRESIDENTIAL SPECULATIONS. 

The letter to the Tribune from Washington, sav- 
ing that Mr. BlaINK would not consent to lie the Re- 
publican candidate next year, was followed by one in 
the Time* from South Carolina, saying that the 
Farmers' Alliance, which controls South Carolina, 
would not accept Mr. Cleveland u* the Democratic 
candidate. As the Farmers' Alliance is largely re- 
cruited from the Democratic party, this is an impor- 
tant statement, because the Democratic Convention 
must take the Alliance into account. But the Con- 
vention also must see that if the Alliance is strong 
enough to compel the abandonment of Mr. CLEVE- 
LAND. it is strong enough to defeat the Democratic 
party. The rhunee of Democratic success lira in the 
adoption of tariff reform as the platform and of Mr. 
CucVRUKD aa the candidate. The Farmers' Alli- 
ance could be propitiated only by accepting its free- 
silver issue. If to propitiate it the Democrats should 
abandon Mr. CLEVELAND and adopt tbe free silver 
policy, they would, of course, divide their party, and 
lose indejiendenl support. There i* no doubt that 
Mr. Cleveland's recent silver letter, although it 
seems to havo imperilled the chance of bis nomina- 
tion, lias greatly strengthened him with the intelli- 
gence of the country in all parties, and large us hi* 
independent vote has always been, it would be much 
larger in 1R92, 

Tim sentiment in the Republican party which is 
unfriendly to the tariff excesses of the purtr is very 
much more friendly to Mr. Cleveland than ever. 
This is due both to the fact that the last session of 
C on g res s showed that there was no hope of Republi- 
can amelioration of the tariff, and In-cause Mr. CLEVE- 
LAND'* silver letter showed the honest courage of the 
man. The conviction which is general among the 
honest men of all partie* is that corruption is the 
present peril of our politics. Such men see it in 
their own party, whether it he Republican or Demo- 
cratic. They see Unit there is great party discontent. 
Republicans are troubled by the mercenary influnner 
of the tariff upon polities. Democrats are alarmed 
hv the wild silver schemas of their fellow partisan.*. 
But all of them sec in the swaying conflict of views 
and tendencies one strong upright public mnti whom 
they believe to lx- honest, and whether the story be 
true or not they believe it, thaL when a friend remon- 
strated with Mr. Cleveland for having written his 
silver letter a* imperilling hi* prospect* for the nomi- 
nation, Mr. Cleveland answered, " My friend. I 
have said what I think, and the Presidency may go 
to” let us say. pot. 

Mr. Cleveland i* evidently the strong man for 
the Democratic nomination The situation is sneh 
that there is no other strong candidate, because un- 
der the cii-cumstanees to abandon Mr. CLEVELAND is 
to say that lie dors not represent Democratic views 
ami policy. But it i* because be is supposed to rep- 
resent tWm that public confidence has largely return- 
ed to hi* party. That belief made Republican defeat 
easier last autumn. If a vote against a Republican 
candidate for ( .Vtngrnm had bran thought to Is- ulti- 
mately a vote for Governor Hill, for instance, many 
a Republican candidate would have been elected who 


vras defeated. No intelligent Democrat, it seem* to 
us, can doubt that Mr. Cleveland would be tbe 
strong candidate. But nominations are not logical, 
and depend upon many things besides the general 
desire and expectation of A party. Indeed, the rule 
of important nominations is the selection of an avail 
able candidate, and available ha* a negative signifi- 
cance, It mean* 1«* a representative leader than a 
candidate without a record. It take* account of the 
fact that vote* are cast for every kiud of petty reason, 
ami assumes that a positive prominent public man has 
prolwhly made a boat of enemies by the very act* 
and words which have given him distinction. Thi*. 
however, doe* not change the fact that the attention 
ment of Mr. Cleveland as the Democratic candidate 
would give the greatest possible satisfaction to the 
supporters of President HaRRInoN. 


THE RETIREMENT OF SENATOR EDMUNDS. 

TilK resignation of Senator Edni ndn is an event 
of great public importance. There- is no man in pub 
lie life more universally respected for character and 
ability, oml his long experience has made Ids ability 
of the utmost service to tin* country. Hi* inflexible 
integrity and thorough training in public affairs, his 
readiness in debate nml familiarity with all quraliou*, 
have made him one of the moat conspicuous of Sena- 
tor*. Hi* presence in the Senate, like that of Sena 
Lira Sherman and Hoar, has given it the dignity and 
weight which spring from the highest personal and 
political honesty. The three Senators are ull uncom- 
promising partisans, hut they ure all men of the true 
Senatorial quality, and their disappearance from the 
(’handier would he a national loss. 

To some degree, indeed, it must be said of Mr. Ei.i- 
Mi'NDs that he gave up to party what was meant for 
mankind. This ha* been due probably both to tem- 
perament and professional training. Reform move- 
ments within the Republican party for a long time 
instinctively turned to Mr. Edmendb as their leader 
and friend. He was one of the earliest supporter* 
of a reformed civil service, and while not always ac- 
cepting the method* of the Reform Ix-uguc, he desired 
the same result, and favored many of the same mea- 
sure*. In the National Re)»ublieaii Convention* of 
1 SH 0 and 1884, especially in the latter year, lie received 
a large vote for the Presidential nomination, which 
was the more significant as he was personally wholly 
indifferent, and rather smiled upon the hopes and ef 
fort* of hi* friend*. But the vote showed the high 
cunlidence in him of eamrat and progressive Repub- 
lican*, and whatever divergence of view between him 
and them may have followed, their personal regard 
and confidence have been unchanged. 

The retirement of a Senator of such integrity, grasp, 
experience, and simplicity of taste and character ini 
poverishea public life. Undoubtedly, while party 
spirit has been llrrccr at many other epoch* in our 
annals than it is now. yet politics have never been 
more mercenary. Rich men, as such, have never 
taken a larger part in them, and money has never 
been considered so essential a condition of entrance 
upon a public career. Mr. Tildkn'h " bar'l ** is a sig- 
nificant and sorry symbol. The withdrawal of Mr. 
EDMUNDS i» the disappearance of a party leader whose 
counsel*, although sometimes, os it has seemed to u», 
they yjrlded loo much to inferior intelligence, were 
those of a wise and upright man. Were all hw col 
leagues, whom he salutes in farewell, of the same 
quality with himself, the Senate would still deserve 
Chatham's eulogy of the continental Congress. 

OUR TREATY WITH ITALY. 

OCR treaty with Italy provide* that 
"the cktlmti* of curb of the high contracting parties shall 
receive in tbe slate* aoif territories of tbe oilier the moil 
constant protection and security for lln ir person* ami prop 
erty, and shall enjoy in this reaped the mum- rights aird 
privileges os are or *l>nll be graitn-d lo the BOtim, on tbeir 
submitting lliuiurlm to the condition* iuijxiaed un the na- 
tives " 

This guarantee in both explicit and just. What 
power* make tlf The United Stale* and Italy. If 
the agreement is violated in the United State*. Italy 
can look only to the government of the United Slate* 
for reparation. No other authority appears in the 
treaty. If the United State* say that the matter is iu 
charge of the State of Lnui*iumi. Italy may juatly re- 
ply that idie ha* no treaty with Louisiana, and can 
demand retire** only from the United State*. If the 
government of the United States replies that some of 
it* own citizen* have been massacred in Louisiana, 
and that it lots no more redress than Italy, may not 
Italy reply that *lte will not question the competency 
of the United Statra to leave the protection of Amer 
iran citizen* to that State, hut that she ha* not done 
so nor been invited to do so? If w e then remind her 
that the agreement »•*» that Italians should have 
only the same right* and privilege* that are granted 
to natives, might not Italy fairly reply that she could 
not l»e held to know by what domestic arrangements 
we might c boose to enforce the guarantee of the treaty, 
that site could not assume that we would leave the 
protectmii of our citizen* to any other authority than 
our own. and if we did so choose, there was no 



XPTtfk 13,1991. 

mention nuwlff of fcuch authority in the treaty. which 
was concluded with the government of the United 
States alone f 

It is not » question of the wisdom of our Constitu- 
tion nor of miiioual |»ri«le. As wr nm content with 
our Constitution, wo are not concerned that it may 
not bo approved by other powers. Rut if under that 
Constitution we enter into agreements with other 
powers, ought wr not to guard against nhvinus mis- 
conceptions t If there bo in our Constitution pro- 
visions essentially peculiar to our system which af- 
fect the protection of vital rights of foreigners, and 
which wr cannot assume to U> understiMKl by other 
governments, is there anything undignified or humil- 
iating, when wr make a promise to another nation, in 
pointing out the unusual conditions upon winch alone 
the promise can las fulfilled? It is not a reply to say 
that other powers must Iks presumed to understand 
the whole system of our government. We did not 
think it enough, when the Alalmnin escaped, to 
be told that Great Britain had complied with the 
requirements of her own local law. We said that if 
her local law could not prevent gross wrongs to a 
friendly nation, she ought to do something about it. 
If wr promise Italy that tier citizens shall have the 
same protection in this country with onr own citi- 
zens, all trouble could be saved in one of two ways, 
either by stating in the treaty explicitly that the per 
soual protection in the Slates which we guarantee is 
wholly within the control of the Stales, or, if we «b> 
not wish to do that, provide for such cases a trial in 
the United Slates courts. 

It is true that in the pending case a United Stales 
jury empanelled in New Orleans would be rompom-d 
of the same citizens as a jury of the Stale courts, and 
that when we engage that the foreigner "shall re- 
ceive "the same protection as a native, wr mean in- 
quiry by a local oourt. But it is “ wr" who make 
the engagement, it is not made by the State which 
furnishes the court, and we ought therefore to remove 
all obscurity from the situation. If we are unwilling 
either to try the case in a United States court upon 
the spot, or to transfer the trial to another place, we 
ought to state clearly to the foreign government that 
the protection which we guarantee rests with the 
Slate, and that we cannot control the State, either in 
the foreigner's case or in that of our own citizens; so 
that if the State authorities, for any reason whatever, 
decide to take no legal action, the guarantee of our 
government i* futile. We cannot, of course, de- 
termine the result of a legal investigation, but ought 
we not to be able to guarantee that there shall be u le- 
gal investigation? 

CIVIL SERVICE REFORM IN THE 
NAVY-YARDS. 

WHEN the platform of the new Republican Club 
iu Boston was published some weeks ago, we said 
that if it should be made the State platform it would 
be of great advantage to the party, and that it would 
be interesting to observe the party response. At the 
lirst dinner of the club tile other evening. Secretary 
Tracy, in complete sympathy with the civil service 
reform declarations of the club's platform, declared 
hia purpose to exclude politics from the labor sys- 
tem iu the navy-yards. This is the first decided an- 
nouncement on the part of the administration of a 
purpose to fulfil in their spirit the pledges of the na- 
tional platform of 1 S 88 , and the lone of the Secretary 
is unmistakable, lie says of the political system of 
navy -yard labor; 

" Tire practice is it source of demoralization to any jrarty 
that aitetiipta to use It. destructive to the government ser- 
vice, ami tMhoucbiug to nslKinul wfil local politics. It is au 
ulcer on the tiavnl sdmluiMrauvc system, ami I propose to 
cut it out. . . .Tile details of the avatem which I propose to 
adopt are Dow being prepared, and in a ‘lion time will be in 
full operation.” 

The Secretary then recounted the plan iu detail. 
It is an extension and modi Heat ion of the Boston re- 
formed labor system, which baa been tested by ex- 
perience, and proved to be admirably efficient both 
iu excluding politics from affairs tit which they are 
only mischievous, and in securing effective labor. 
It is a system of registry of all applicants for un- 
skilled labor, to Is- selected on the principle «rf "first 
come, first served.” with preference for experience, 
for military and naval service, for men with families, 
and for superior physical qualifications; ami a similar 
registry for skilled laborers, with testimony of expe- 
rience, and appointment in order upon probation ; 
and a selection of foremen of ialtor upon proper com- 
petitive examination, the examining boards to la- 
composed of officers of the navy in charge of the 
work at the yards. The three cardinal points of this 
scheme are free and open competition, employment 
on grounds of merit, ami absolute publicity of every 
detail. Tit* Secretary added : 

■■ I do not propose to Mop until the principle of efficiency 
mid worth is the only test of nnvy-yurd employment, . . -»o 
(fiat it will remove not only all machine politic* from the 
navy-yard, but all suspicion of machine politics " 

Secretary Tracy is not a man to talk buncombe 
on this subject, and be is entitled to the highest hon- 
or fur tins action. He has decided to reform one of 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 

the worst of spoils abuses, and lie will be sustained 
by the cordial approval of the most intelligent and 
patriotic opinion in both parties. His speech an- 
nouncing the adoption of the system is the most sig- 
nificant event in the progress of reform muter the 
present administration. Tito Secretary's action after 
careful investigation is another proof of the practical 
value of reform to the public service, and of it* sup- 
port by the good sense of the country. 

THE QUARTER-CENTENARY OF THE O.A.R. 

The recent twenty fifth anniverasry of the organization of 
the Grand Army of ilie Republic wss celebrated very gener- 
ally throughout the country, and due honor was paid to its 
foundrr. l»r. B. K. Stephen son, of Springfield. Illinois. 
The itsKH-btlon was a natural result of the war. The spirit 
of comradeship and a thousand patriotic, hemic, and friend- 
ly recollections Inf the men wlto had served I be great cause 
la arms to unite to cherish its memories and to cultivate its 
patriotic spirit. This wna a pleasant impulse, and the Cin- 
cinnati of the ranks became one of the largest und widely 
diffused societies in the couatry. 

It was certain that efforts would lie made to turn to politi- 
cal use* a body of volets so large and »n befriended by pa- 
triotic gratitude It war equally certain that the most iro- 
pcirlant form of this effort would be that of member* of 
Congress to buy for their parly with public money, in tbe 
form of pensions, the support of this great society. Opposi- 
tion to pension extravagance could be easily branded its the 
basest Ingratitude to heroes nnd patriots, and a vile, merer 
r»nry attempt to mi-muirr in dollars the value of the glorious 
Union and of tire sclf-racrifire of her noblest sons. 

Then- were few public men who cared resolutely to op- 
poete wlint became, under the plea of patriotic gratitude, an 
maiiuli upon the Treasury, Happily President Grant 
Mated the fslr limits of pension appropriations, and Presi- 
dent Cleveland, by his firm vetoes, forced the reasonable 
consideration of the question upon the country. This it 
one of bis claims to public respect and confidence. The 
profusion of tbr pension grants, however, would probably 
have been carried still further except for the result of the 
election of last autumn. Dlwatisfaction with the reckless 
pension policy war well understood to la- one of the causes 
of Hie Republican disaster In the earlier autumn the as- 
sembly of tbe Grand Army showed a disposition not to mis- 
tain the rack of tho Treasury. againM which many of iu 
most conspicuous tenders had earnestly protested. As a 
body it hns not lieen made a political force, and its silver an- 
niversary was made the occasiou only of friendly reminis- 
cence ami patriotic eloquence. 

WOMEN PKLF.GATK3 NOT WANTED. 

Thb Methodist Conference at Yonkers ha* derided by the 
veTy emphatic vole of one hundred und eighty to sixty thill 
women should not he admitted os delegates to the General 
Conference. The report of the debate does not show that 
the question was discussed or derided upon Its merits. When 
it is said that It dneu not follow because a woman can sing 
bast that »b« ought to sing boss, it would seem to he a suf- 
ficient reply to suggest that if a haw were needed In com- 
plete a quartet it would lie rather absurd tn reject a 1ms* 
voice because it was tbe voice of a woman. 

Tl>r question nr participation in a conference of any kind 
should be decided not by extraneous consideration*, but by 
those that are directly applicable. In « church it would 
seem to be the natural course to select front it* member* who 
attend Its service* and support it tbe most intelligent ami 
experienced persons ns roiinwthir*. If in the disrussion of 
on grave nnd important a quest ion somebody should sav that 
termagant politicians and petticoat politician* were not want 
rd. the remark would hardly seem lo show, upon list- pin of 
the peTtta who mad* It. tbe good sense which an Intelligent 
conference requires, Cause* are often morally successful 
through the feebleness of the opposing argil menu. 

Tim decisive consideration in the debate leenw to have 
been that three was a divine reason for tbe difference of 
sexes, and that participation in a conference was not included 
in tbe sphere of women. But how the male sex, ns such, 
qualified those who belong lo it as wise counsellors was not 
stated in any speech nor illustrated in the argument There 
is nlwnys a better way of determining whether wood will 
final and stone rink than any argument based upon a 
theory. The better way I* experiment. Tbe counsel of 
women In schools is prove*! to be of very great value, Tlte 
opinion of a man who thinksthat tbe eon nod was not meant 
to lie taken is not an argument against the fact. 

BARN IT M. 

The drath of Mr, Baknim cannot be raid to eclipse lire 
gnyetv of nations, but he bud the kindly regard of great mul- 
titudes for whom he ha* so long provided innocent recrea- 
tion. Everybody remember* with n friendly «mi!e that Ire 
wa* tlte Inventor of Join Hfth, tlw enema id, the woolly 
I tome, the What 1* ItT and the horae wlth hi* lrewd where ids- 
tail ought-to-be. He wa* al*o the manager of General Tom 
Thumb, and of Innumerable other freak* of nature. Hut 
there have I wen showmen before him. and if that were all. 
lie would Itave hardly corned tbe elaborate obituaries nnd 
biographies with which tlte dally press ha* teemed. 

Mr. Bamnim hod very remarks Me ragarity. self reliance, 
and knowledge of American human nature. He looked at 
its tastes and character, front Hie point of view of a manager 
nf umuM-ment*. with singular impartiality. He hod lire 
ability to see not only tint the mermaid nnd Joint Htcrtt 
would please a certain freak museum UMe. but that tire 
great moral nnd intelligent Ann-Mean public would delight 
in Jkxxt Lind and in {V Tom'r (V*6iit. He wa* a* sure 
of one a* of tire other, and he wo* right in both. But to 
make hia perceptions available for profit. Barsoc wo* a 


279 

master of tire modem art of advertising. He used moral 
reform*, and the fiumluyschool, and the British nobility, 
and charities, and nominations lor Congrats. and every form 
of notoriety lo advertise him nnd bis cnlerlalonreui*. No 
ingenious detail of advertisement wan unknown to him, nnd 
noltody teller understood lire economy of judicious profit- 
•uni in expenditure. 

Ills self relianri- wa* the gnycty of conscious power. When 
lie wn* finiinciully ruined in IH.VI ire would accept no •• Iren- 
etlri," but turned a letter offering them and signed by the 
leading citizen* of New York into tire most useful of adver- 
tisement*. HI* blithe good nature and hi* untiring energy 
continued into old age lie enjoyed his own sitcct-sses and 
himself, as Ire enjoyed the enjoyment of oilier* which he 
promoted, ilis ib-nili product*! a general regret, for every 
body won grateful lo him for a pleasant hour. 

PERSONAL. 

In tire history of onr country we have only five instance* 
of father and son irelng both members of tire United States 
Semite. By a curious roincidmee, iu eireh of these ruses 
one or both of them uere graduate* flr.ni Princeton Uni- 
versity. The families uko have thus held tbe honor for 
more than one generation are the SrrK'STONS, BaTARIi*. 
FkkUNOMIYskn*, Cotqrmw, and Cankmuxa. Tim most 
prominent tustaiiee is that of the SltJCItnX fiuuily. who 
have Irehl tire honor for four generatiou* lit direct descent 
from father to win. RirHARD -Stockton (Princeton, cla»» 
of 1747) wa* a tuember of tbe Constitutiuuul Congress and 
a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Hi* nun, 
KltTiAitn STOCKTON t class of 177 It), s» a member of the 
Senate of the United Htate*. it* was also Ins grand sou. Com- 
modore KoBKlrl f. SrorSTox (class of |ffl*i), and hi* great - 
gnitMlsoa, Jimtr P. Stockton, now Attorney- General of 
New Jersey (class of lS43l. JaMES A. fUV-OlD (PrinCrtoll, 
clam of 17-44) was a nienibcr of the Senate, a* uere also bis 
sous, Riot s no H. Hay aud (Mass of Itfl4) nnd James A. 
ItAY.vno (elass doubtful), nnd his grandson, TiioMas F. 
Bayard, not « college graduate. Kukderuk Frelino- 
im yncx t Princeton, 177®t, Id* milTHrodorr Kkelinmimy- 
er.v I Prince ton, IStR). ami hi* graud»u, FUKDKlticK Fitr- 
LINGHC I'SEN, have nil three occnpied seat* hi the Senate 
ALNUtD II. CoUJLTTr f Princeton. ItMljoucreoled bis father, 
Walter F.CoLqcm (Princeton, ISIS); und .1. Donai.d Cam- 
eron (Princeton, ISM) tills tire seat of his fattier, who wua 
not a college man. 

— Pittsburgh lost a citizen of sterling worth when John 
IIaHPKR died the other day. He had lived there for many 
yearn, and was prominently identified with lending business 
enterprises, the pre*idrirey of tire Bank of Pittsburgh, with 
which institution Ire hail been connected for nearly sixty 
years, being indy one of the important places of trust which 
he tilled. Mr. HaRI-em wire a man of atroag character, UHil 
an able adininiktrutor of aflairs. During all the ftuunciiil 
storui* of hr* time ho was at Ills poet, and he mn- eroded in 
carrying Ids bank safely through. He took a deep interest 
in the rduralionul and charitable instil tit ion* of the city, 
and his influence for goes! wo* felt lit many way* He wa* 
pmoewed of litre literary taste*, and was an ardent student 
of history and a lover of tire classic*. 

— Patriotism sometime* get* lire better of rapidity in 
France, for Pal'Ll' a, tire singer, who introduced the -|l»m- 
iangcr March,” lure declined with scorn an offer of #0000 to 
warble in Berlin. 

-Tire Century Club nf this city, possibly in -emulation 
of tire Sunday afternoon concerts with which the St, Ho- 
tel ph Club of Koslolt entertains it* mends- re, i* enjoying 
a series of Hatarday evening lecture*. Dr. William II. 
Thomson lectured lost week on " The Pre-lalunnr Amin 
and Arabic Poetry," ami Rev, Hr. Philip Rtiavv i* to apeak 
next Saturday evening on “Tire Kcuuissanre of Italian Art.” 

— Al.Kiir.li II. Warn, who died recently at Marietta, 
Georgia, w here Ire hud gone for his health, sketched stir- 
ring scenes at tire front for IIahi-cr's Weekly during the 
late war, and wn* a personal friend of Grant, Aiikhuan, 
and other leading generals. Mr. Wait* was Isirn iu Lon- 
don, but came to this country vrlren thirty years old, and 
was one of the early exhibitors at the National Academy. 
He wo* best known by hi* llliistraiinire in black and while, 
a brunch nf art which be wu» one of the first in thi* coun- 
try to pursue exclusively. 

—Another memlier of tire distinguished Prime family — 
the Rev. Dr, KmvaHIi I). O - ha« ended a busy life. Home 
of the liest nf bis work was done in aMureiation with Ills 
brother IT. tk Ittr.x.r.r*, will, whom for thirty-two yean he 
shared tire maniigenieiil of the New Yutk Oftrerrcr. Alter hi* 
brother's death be was obliged, owing to fulling health, to 
give up the responsibilities of Id* |«o»llinn. ami lo seek 
rest. He was u man of striking personality, a strong 
preacher, nnd n vigorous writer. He had travelled exten- 
sively, and in l^tf Ire emlsslied the result of a journey 
around the world in a volume which wn* published by 
Haki-kii A. HmmiKRs. Several other books came from 
hi* Imsy hand, all of them being received with great favor. 

II. W. IhiHHlNW. tire artist, w ho belongs tn the National 
Academy of Design, and ha* a picture "on tire line “at the 
present exhibition, is gratifying a long-delayed ambition 
by taking a law course at Columbia College. He hit* suc- 
ceeded in hi* profession, and hire a family id grown-up chil- 
dren, but grapple* with knotty legal problems with the 
zest of a young man w ho ha* yet to make his way. 

— The dinner given Monday evening by the executive 
committee nf the American Copyright League, to celebrate 
the |reM.age of fire inlermttiona! copyright bill by Congress, 
wn* presided over by Knxrxn Ci.arknck Stkdman, and at- 
tended by Comte f.Mtu: DK KkRaTHY. of France; Senator 
Platt, nf Connecticut; Congcrasmun StMr>Nt«*.of llarlfonl, 
Couueeiimt; ex-Senator CttAtT.of Rlmde Island; Congress- 
man Henry Cabot LmIhir. of yiawachuM-lt*: und others 
who have liceii piouniiciit in pushing »be measure to a sue- 
rr*sfn1 tetminalinn. Comte de Herat iv. who ha* won etui- 
lienee with tbe sworil nnd tbe |w-n in Fntuee, came to this 
country ** the ureMieuger of ht* government and various 
F reuse b literary societies, hvingiug a medal for Senator 
Piatt and rnxsse* of tbe Legion of Honor for Congressman 
filMOXM ami KOBERT I'nimmiwihsd JottNSux, secre tary of 
the American Copyright League. 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1791 


230 



THE INTERIOR OP “THE MONUMENT." WHICH COMMEMORATES THE OREAT FIRE IN LONDON.-[8eb Page 282 } 


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HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


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“I'm Umi< ami no ncrount in a fight." said Dave; "but 
half a mini ain't golu‘ to see a woman tormented." 

- Who in thunder — " began bis threatener. but Ben Miles 
lusil a hand on bis arm. 

"Hold on. Jim." be said, "that there's Dave Comstock, 
conductor of the smashed up No. 7." 

" Not tbo feller that cot hurt savin' the baby T" 

"The same." 

"Sho, stronger!" said tbo mollified Jim. "You're wel- 
conir to interfere. Give us yer hand Wc wouldn't hurt 
her fur nothin'. Blew my Man! Brier Ruse cun lake cure 
of herself U lUr'u most men. " 

'' You see. it's seldom we git a chance to git even." ex- 
plained lien Stiles, as the men dosed around Dave to (boko 
bands. 

" Get even fur what!" 

" Fur wbalT Lord. stranger, you must come from part* 
unknown. Fur everything! TImt’ ain't a man in Weepin’ 
Wilier tint w bat's been sussed liy Brier Rose. riaased? Lord! 
I should say no Hut we wouldn't hurt her none Stranger, 
famine give you on advise don't you worry none uboui 
Brier Rose I" 

Amin the crowd laughed. The dogs were all held now, 
and the girl put her tirod arms down She looked curiously 
at the man. whose brave alary she knew by ’heart, as *Imi 
heard him defend her To be sure, situ bad been defended 
before, there was hardly a mau who would not have risked 
bis life to save Iters, but they tensed her unmercifully when 
they p»t the chance. Dave * interference was on n new line. 
She aid not aaito understand it. but it appealed to Iter at once. 
She w nipped her apron around the little nilimal. and with a 
new sensation stirring at ber bean. Bner Rose slipped away. 

When Dave went back to the nation to tell Joe. tbe latter 
roared with delight 

"Just like ber! Edtackly like her!" he cried, slapping bis 
leg so inhumanly that bis lame friend winced for him. 

“Who is Brier Ruse?" be repeated, in answer to Dave's 
question. "You don't know much if you don't koow old 
Brynu'a daughter. She's the best known girl from Horse- 
oboe Gap to Powder Crik. Old Bryan's been engineer on 
tbe road ever since tbe truck was laid. There's tlirin that 
can remember Ills takln' the child with him on tbe engine 
when site was a little mile of a thing All eyes she was then, 
as libels now. Wbftl wasn't eyes wus temper. Same now, 
savin' that now she bow** the boys in nddllloa to old Brynn. 
She can ntu an engine with tbe best of 'em. Bryan's taught 
Iter all the trick*, and he thinks tbo win ri«« mid sets for 
jnsl her. Sharps* chain lighlnin' is Hrirr Rose, on' prickly 
as a cactus All the boys been touched lu lire head about 
her at one lime or another, but she susses the hull of 'em. 
It s my beliefs site'll wipe the «*rth with Ben Mika for ihut. 
' Brier Ruse is bein' held up.' Hell wish! he was dead before 
she gits through with him, you hear me/" And Joe's noisy 
mirth made the windows rattle. 

" Strange die would defend a goplier. when the * so hard 
on the Imy*, " observed Dnve. 

"That's Just It' That's Brier Row! 8bo's got more lame 
peu. she's friendlier with every brass in Weepin' Wilier than 
with any of the boys She's lust Unit curious. She 'ain't 
even got a bead fur nnylmdy but old Bryan— you notice 1 
make no mention of heart concernin' Brier Row; 1 don't 
keer to talk of what she 'ain't got— and Just now sho's spe- 
cially lx- witched about luui. After keenin' straight for fiwly 
years, lie's takrn to drink. The girl knows bell low Ids 
loh if the company gels wind of it. ami she watches him 
like a hawk. Many * the time aim's made his night run 
with him, for fear he'd lose his Lend. It's only at times be 
goes on a tear, and she knows tho signs. Brier Rose is 
promt as Lucy Fire, and knows bow to keep ber mouth 
shut (which tile same I can't soy for most women: wlnht I 
could); but we all know about it, and look out tor her." 

" What's Bryan's run!" 

" Horseshoe to Powder Crik. Bbc knows every inch of 
track and tiding. And I wtsht you could we her handle the 
critter. She knows all Brynn docs, and she's a bean sight 
quicker calf fatin' than tbu old wnn. She can tell about 
bow fast any train's goin' if it Just runs by ber. or if sbe's on 
It — either otic. It's wuth while to we Ikt oil und clean the 
machine. She goes over it spry as a kitten." 


•• Blie’s handsome," wiid Dave, simply. 

"Humph! Handsome is ns handsome does." observed 
Joe. grumpily. "She m cold as lew amt bard as a rock. 
It's my beliefs that sbe ’ain't got no heart name ns other 
wlmmln. And as to love? Whew ! Stand off! There's a 
touch tnc not for you! And sassy? Lon!.’" 

" AU tbe fan t been touched In the head about her, I 
believe you aaid?" remarked Davr, mischievously. 

Joe hitched at bis left suspender uncomfortably, ami 
slowly reddened. " Nigh shout, nlgti about." hr mid hastily. 

l>nvc looked down the glistening tracks, which »■ mi-d to 
stretch imploringly into tbo future. "1 hope 1 11 get the 
Red Valley Job,’ to aaid. abruptly. 

n 

In spite of what ho hail heard, or peThop* because of what 
lie bau hen til — for who lias 1 tin gunge subtle enough to ft Bow 
the intricate pathway of a human will?— nil thing*, even the 
melancholy town Itself, grew rime colored to Dave* sunny 
eyes. With his usual unfailing cheerfulness, he waited 
hopefully for news of liU appointment at Red Valley, and 
hovered, as if fascinated, around engine Forty- four. 

Neither the boy* nor old Bryan were slow to notice this, 
tlie Utter having accented such attentions periodically from 
all the young men. It was so inevitable a proceeding Ihut 
up to the time of Use Middleton*.’ dance they (said no atten- 
tion to it But that night somelliiog rxlraonliniiry occurred. 

The next day. aa Brier Rose rode down the street on her 
hardy Texas puny, the lioya gathered around Ikt eagerly, 
notwithstanding the fact that the hud a stout little whip in 
her hand. They had something new nnd strange to tense 
her about. 

" Brier Row." called out Jim. as she drew rein, "you dou’t 
care nothin' alreut dancin', you?" 

" You'd rotber tel all the evenin', wouldn't you now?" 

" D' vou like the name o’ Dave, or do you reckon you'd 
ruther have Comstock?" 

Rote looked from ono to tbo other at tbe bottled-up taunts 
fell rapidly upon her ears, her clieeks and lips growinr 
scarlet. For once Ikt ready tongue failed biT. Small 
need to ask them what they meant. Too well she knew. 
But was her subjugation apparent in such a trifle? And so 
anon? Awl Dave na yet luui said mailing. Oh. slisme I 
shame! Her eyes smouldered dangerously, yet with ail her 
gathering fury there wa* an odd fluttering In her white 
throat und a cruel pain at ber heart. Emboldened by her 
alienor, tliev went further. 

•• Wlmt does Ac say Hliout it?" 

Sbo thought aim detected the mockery of the question, 
being nil unaware of Dave's interest in tbe Forty-four. Tho 
shamed crimson leaned to her very temple* uud receded, 
leaving ber face pitifully white. Tin- lmy* must know (lint 
poor Brier Rose was ready to lie plucked before she was 
sought, or they would not Jure to speak of it. Her wounded 
tirldo now panted but for one tiling— a way out. Probably 
he knew it Uxi. Her tnortiflcutiou was unspeakable. She 
aaw him coming down tbe street. 

“ Do you love hint? Say. Brier Rose, do you love Dave?" 
cried the one farthest from her whip. 

Her courage came bock at Dave's approach, and the spell 
of her unwonted alienee wua broken. She laughed scorn- 
fully as she raw that be bad iKard the question and had 
Involuntarily paused for her reply. 

“ Do I love him?" die cried, looking him fairly in lh« face. 
"I cotne nearer to batiu' him!" 

She turned her horse sharply, and the blows the buys had 
expected fell on ber fiery little Texan. He craned hi* neck 
ami went up the street on a dead run , but fast as Row flew, 
tlie grieved look lu Dave Comslock'a blue ryea kept puon 
with her. 

That night J<xi fidgeted around. UQBbk to decide whether 
or not be should speak to Dave about the occurrence of tho 
afternoon. Dave's genial smile and otocry hopefulness were 
gone. He sat with his face buried in his'folded arms. 

Joe drove hit hands deep into bis pocket*, nnd strode up 
ami down the room sloruily. Finally be burst out with: 
"Dave. don't mini! it. old follcr. I told you die lmdn't a 
heart for a man ; she wastes it nil on dumb brutes. She ain't 


Hi UK Weeping Willow telegraph office faced 
tbo level prairie. Up uud down before 
It, like shining riUions, fay tl»e railroad 
tracks, converging mysteriously until dis- 
tance blended thrm into one Back of 
It flared tbe wide main street, with stores 
nod cottages Indiscriminately mingled, 
which marks tho disconsolate prairie town. BeyoiuT en- 
closed by a white picket fence, straggled tin- desolate grate 
ynrd. Some sorry-looking brutes, with down hung heads 
and burr* in their tails, were hitched in front of the port- 
office. For tlie rest, there wns tire vustness und lonely 
tW)UtHll«a»n«M of the never cmliug prairie. Mounted guard 
over this living finger {lost, quivered the remote sky. with ita 
iiuhliiikiug Cy clops eye. It was a barren and a meagre set- 
tlement of familial from other States, casting their lota to- 
rriht-r to make a scanty whole, and forecasting their dreary 
life's end by naming llielr villnge Weeping Willow. Tlie 
only thing In plenty which nature supplied wus room. There 
was nn nuuntlaoee »t space. It wa* quite a walk to craw 
lire street. Neighbors' Inline* stood ubxif. Nobody was 
crowded, even in the graveyard. 

Tbe telegraph operator, sutiated with landscape, leaned 
back, stretched himself prodigiously, yawned audibly, and 
rollnpscd ill Ills chair. which creaked in vexed renmoMrouoe. 
He tossed a remark over Ills shoulder. "So this U what 
you are yearnin' fnr. Dare?" 

Dave took lifa cane, and limping to the door, viewed lire 
inertness in dkneo. Then lie roused bimsclf, and oak), 
cheerfully: "A telegraph operator fa nil I'm good fur since 
I got hurl. Thankful enough I'll be if I get the Red Valley 
Job. I'd like to be so nenr to you. Joe." 


'• Seems like tlie cunip'ny might have done imire for you 
urlren you got smashed un lu their own accident Twou ain't 
bn vo hurt era nutw to keep you aa conductor," grumbled 
bis friend 

••How eould n fame man In- a conductor?" returned Dave, 
with hi* unfailing good humor. 

•• A railroad eompany fa a measly concern on tbe pay act," 
observed Joe. gloomily. 

Suddenly tbe afternoon stillness was broken by excited 
voices and tlie sbnrp barking and yapping of doga. Jue 
Brought Ilia feel to the floor in a hurry. 

" I can't leave tbe mnehine, Dnve. Go and see what the 
rumpus fa nhuul. I bet Brier Rose fa up to somethin'. It 
inkc* tliut tliero girl to atir up lire boys. No, Foxy." be 


to Iris terrier, wire was whtrliug around in an ecstasy of an- 
ticipation: "you stay here. If Brier Rose U ul the bottom 
of it. a little feller like you might get lost in the shuttle." 


Duvc obediently limped up ihe street, where, in the midst 
<if a crowd of rough men, stood a girl holding some little 
nnimnl high irimvo her head, while the dogs leaped and 
•napped around ber. The own were laughing nnd keeping 
tbo dog* partly in clreck, The girl, with scarlet cheeks, 
fa gged and scalded and threatened them all. to tboir infinite 
am line incnt. 

•• Call off your dnwg. Jim. ” site aaid, fiercely, to the owner 
of I tin largest, whose leaps sometimes almost reached the 
quivering little object in her bauds. 

••Throw down tire lieust, an' I will,” he answered. 

She turned ber Hashing eye* on him "If that there 
outlier Jump, I’ll pixen bim before sumip,"she 


dnwg give 


said, slowly. 

Jim mntle a lunge for tho dog. and aat on him to keep him 
down, while tire crowd lioolcd in derision of his obedience. 


What’s nit this?" cried Dave, coming up and pushing 
bis wav through tlreir midst. 

•• Dnor Rose is bein' held up!" cried u voice. 

The crowd yelled with delight. Tbe girl's whole face 
bernmu white with rage ns sbe singled out tlie speaker 

•• You'll pay for that. Ben Miles, aa you've paid before," 
she saiil. 

Again they shouted at some recollection. Even Brier 
Row? condescended Ui laugh, angry aa sbo was, and Ben 
mlialrlari 

••Oil off those brute*," cried Dave, rapping tire nearest 
dog with hi* cane. " For shame, to tense a woman!" 

■’ Look-o-byer. stranger " said a young giant, menacingly. 
He towered above Dave, who stood bis ground. 



282 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17*1. 


worth grievin' After. I'm tarry you ever saw 
Ikt. You're not? Well, of cuurue, If you 
fri-l l lint a- wav. I've nothin' more In stay. 
Only Ihtf, my buy, you're loo good for 
Ikt " 

' ' No. no, Joe : don't *nv lliat. We're none 
of lit good •' to nmli foi it wiimuii win'll it 
comes Initial. I don’t blame her. Of course 
l m tatne. nod you can't expect n woman ki 
lor® a lame iii!in wbra there aw no many 
oilier*, can you. Joe?" 

Joo coughed nuinily, and Miiil nothing. 
Dave looked down at fib |ioor maimed foot. 

"Joe, do you know Hint little baliy I saved 
from tin- wreck hnd brown eyes like Brier 
lb we? 1 remember the baby smiled when I 
held it out to the men. You know my fool 
*« aiu ght, and I couldn't move. I've never 
wen Ilrlei Ri.«ms smile at me that wav. If I 
had nived her, pcrba|M kite would. Iki you 
think so. Joe?" 

At home Rom.’ was thinking of the story of 
Dave'* bravery in the wrecked train, of tlie 
lives he hnd Hared, of lib defence of her. 
And to-day. in return, die bad mocked him, 
Ay, if the look be gave her spoke truly, she 
h*d cut him to the heart. Tears— tear* in 
the eyes of Btier Rose! 

I1L 

The position of telegraph operator at Red 
Valley was given to Dave Comstock. The 
afternoon fr» igbt, heavily loaded, hnd just 
pulled clumsily out of the Weeping Willow 
station, with Ditv* on the rear platform of 
tlic wav car. Joe waved liis hat to him from 
the window, mid Brier Rom-, from the cab of 
the Forty-four looked wistfully after lam, 
and shook her shining hair over her eyes to 
hide their dimaesa. 

The Forty -four. having come dnw u ou the 
rear of the freight ns second engine, now 
stood on the skiing, uniting to go back to 
Horseshoe for the midnight express. Old 
Bryan was up iu a crowd of tneu in front of 
the post-offlee. Brier Rose watched him 
anxiously. A* long as he kept away front 
the Owl she fell ew»v. He knew she was 
watching him. He also knew that she would 
not hesitate to come ufler hint If the Owl 
proved too strong an attraction. Tltereforo 
nc kept away. 

Joo Mood" in the doorway, and admired 
Brier Rose against Ids will. He still was 
Mne at heart over In- friend, and fear of get- 
ting the worst of it alone prevented him front 
giving that girl a piece of bb mind. 

She trod fenrlriwdy along the side of the 
boiler, rubbing the hand tall with a black oil 
sodden rlntli. She touched the engine a* if 
alre loved it. Every part of it shone like the 
*un, Her long, printed oil can had done its 
work. Every valve worked with precision. 
Each screw wm secure- Joe laughed to see 
her fling a shovelful of coal into the furnace 
like a horn fireman. 

Ifi< own machine called hit attention front 
the Forty four. Then Row heard him cry 
mil. and. 'springing down, she rushed into tl«c 
station. 

" A runaway engine coming this way!' lie 
s.ti'1- hoarsely.' " Spite work of a tfiw Matwad 
engineer. No one on her— going twenty flve 
miles an hour — a single track Dave's train 
only going fifteen— tin* Forty four and Dial 
ore car on the only skiing between here anil 
Red Valley My God!" 

Whore is it c-rird Brier Ruse 

"It broke away from Horae sin k; Gap. Me*. 
tvge is from Pnurie City. It's slready pan n ed 
Prairie City, headed straight for here. It's 
hound to catr.lt Dave before hb train cels to 
Red Valley ." 

Rat lurried while to Ikt vety liiws. She 
roverad her fan- with Iter brow n hamU. Only 
fora moment, though. Then she flung hack 
her howl, ami looked Jne full in tlrr face. 

" I can save him!" she cried. She sprang 
for her engine and climbed into the cab. 

"Ruse! Rose!'' roared Jne. iu dismay. 

Rom turned Iter white face toward him 
imploringly. ' Be at the switch, Joe. and 
lUten far my signal*. as you value Dave's 
life’’' *h« cried Tlw-ii she pulled the tbrol- 
tle-valve out lo It* full extent. The engine 
shivered all over, and, at fifty-two miles an 
hour, the Forty four driven by Brier Rose, 
leaped down the track to meet the runaway 
IV. 

There wa* not a moment lo lose. A cer- 
tain numtirr of tuilcs. lessening every mo- 
ment, lay between Hit- lumbering freight witli 
Have on hoard mid the cruel, sen* less, run- 
away engine. Between them was Brier Ruse, 
wiili Just a chance of safety 

Feverishly she examined tire familiar ma- 
chinery. Eagerly she manned the track for 
signs of tbs- runnway. Sire knew that a 
IresieBod rail or any oMruetloo would burl 
her to her doom, aurl still trot avert disaster 
from I have. Tile whistle of the Forty-four 
shrilled out an unearthly screech continual- 
ly. to warn even the bml* from fluttering 
too near the mraoengtT of life. The prairie 
dogs scuttled into their holes in fear The 
telegraph wires intoned. The hendilig shy 
t<*fll on a new meaning to her, The vngin'i- 
tucked from side to side at tile diz/y rate of 
S|ierd. For tire first time the odor 'if hot oil 
made I lose frrl faint. She hung half out of 
tire cab window. panting for brent It, and her 
hnnds clinging crazily to tire window for 
support. 

Suddenly sire raw smoke In tike distance 
Large* and larger grew tire Mark sfieck on 
the track. Faster and faster flew the Forty- 
four to meet it. Nearer and ueuier came Lire 


runaway. When she could plainly see tire 
shape of the approaching engine, die closed 
the throttle with a rudi that made the Forty- 
four tremble. She reversed her engine, ami, 
at little leas than twenty-flv* miles an hour, 
began running away from the runaway 

Slowly, almost Imperceptibly, it gained on 
her brave engine A horrible fear took pres 
session of lie. that it Was too slow ly, and that 
llrey bulb would reach Dave's train before 
she stopped the runaway, yhe changed the 
speed, nud let the engine giiin on lar faster 

"I can signal for the siding if 1 fail,” 
thought Brier Ri»r "Joe will obey my 
signal." But she shuddered 

Mile after mile they traversed in the direc- 
tion of Weeping Willow and Red Valley. 

In sight of Wecplog Willow at last. The 
Forty four whistled frantically. Roar »ig- 
nailed for a clear track, and only a train 
length apart the Forty-four and the run- 
away flew pusl the little station platform, 
crowded with every man, woman, and child 
in town, who cheered lire flyiug engine and 
white facer! girl like mad. 

Joe understood her plan unw He bound- 
ed Into tire station. frenzied with excitement, 
telegraphed to Red Valley what llricr Row 
won doing, thru, from sheer nervoiiMiesB.be 
squeezed Foxy until Ire yelped wildly. 

Out of sight uf Weeping Willow, and 
Dave's train in the distance Nearer and 
nearer came the runaway. The Forty-four 
snorted in dedance of Ircmg caught Rose 
braced herself for the shuck. Crash! came 
the cow catcher of the runaway Into the un- 
protected rear of the gallant Forty-four. 
They separated with tire shock, and bounded 
logetlit-r again , but this time Roan hud loos- 
ened her hold, abd the cimcu-alon Hung her 
to the floor, with Irer soft chock against the 
cat* seat. 

Faint with Irer fall, she gathered he rdf 
together, aud shut off the steam. Thru, 
witli the note of the runaway viciously truth- 
lug the Forty-four. Brier Hose crept like u 
cat over tin- tender, down over the ire adding 
engine, and on her liand* and knee* die 
craw led over to the runaway, up along tire 
boiler side, into the cab, aim! crashed the throt- 
tle shut when the Forty-four was within a 
car's length of Dive's train Sho had only 
strength enough lo get brr hand on lire whis- 
tle. Iw-ar Its shrill mil, wlreti. woman like, site 
fainted. 

When she came to Irenrelf she was la the 
Red Valley station. Dave was bending over 
her. ami calling her miiiiki with trembling Him. 
Sire opened Iter eyes, ami smiled into iris 
face. 

Ob. Brier Row. Iiow could you do it!" 
he whispered, with a shudder. 

“ I did it for you, David— for you." 


WHERE TO GO A-FI3HING. 

HV WaKEMaX HOLBBRTOK. 

It is difficult to imikr the uninitiated un- 
derstand why people should have this craze, 
as they call trout fishing. It seems, to then) 
absurd that grown up men should he willing 
to leave their comfortable homes and dainty 
faro for lire fried pork ami um-otn for table bed* 
at some out of-tlie way farm Imhioo or coun- 
try tavern— when for a’ few dollar* they could 
purchase more trout twice over ihan they 
ritually fetch home— not knowing that many 
find relief in getting away from the brick’s 
and mortar and everlasting diu and oiofu- 
si»u of uty life, nr that a change from rich 
faro to the plain ununlry table is laiili healthy 
and agreeable, to ray nothing of the advan- 
tages of early rising and Inmi work Iu the 
open nir all day. followed by a long good 

■light's sleep. 

If the angler is an old hand at the husincM 
Ire will often follow Uncle Tbad Norris's 
example, nud enjoy a hearty lunrh of trout 
roasted in tire aahes — a way of conking which 
imparts s-i delieate a flavor to those delicious 
BO. that It spoils one for any other method. 
Noire hill those who ham tried it know how 
delightful these noonday rest* are. particu- 
larly after a aucreasful mornings fishing. 
When the substantial lunch is finished, the 
tired angler, stretched out no tire soft grass, 
enjoy* his fragrant pipe with renewed zest, 
while the songs of many birds make him feel 
at peace with all the world; and then the 
pleasant tramp home in the gloaming, when 
all is silent but the ever running stream and 
the mournful whippoorwill What if otre n 
arm i» a bit tired from casting, the Tvcollec- 
tiirtl of that tight with lire sixteen inch Iruut 
that now safely repose* in his creel. «n lap of 
the small Otres. is it sufficient reward for all 
ouch trifling discomforts 

The earliest trout -fishing Is to Ire hud on 
Long Island : Iktc the nir t- tempered by the 
dose proximity of the great Atlantic Occun, 
and even --u. early us lire 1st of April the 
trout are well fed and in fine condition, while 
In tire Inland streams they have hardly re- 
covered from their long fa«t. 

I'lifortuDately for most people who would 
like to try the early Ashing, tire hewt water* 
on Izvn* 1*1x11(1 are preserved; tire few thAt 
are still public are overcrowded and over- 
flailed. The only onm worth visiting are as 
follows Mnithtown and Gleoeove no the 
north side, and Merrick Bellmore. and Mas 
aepequa on the south side. To fish in tire 
lust pond it la nrce**ury to obtain a permil 
from the Brooklyn Water works. Them are 
nl»o. I believe. a few streams near Patcbogne 
But as soon aa the mkiw water haa run mil 
of the mountain brooks, the angler has hr* 


choice of hundreds of mile* of good water 
within ea*y distance, open lo all who chores* 
lo visit them; bill If lie will take my advice, 
he will wait until the apple blowout* are out 
before be atarls, and he will find that he u 
plenty early even then It is now consider- 
ed I*m 1 form to urine in a basket of finger- 
ling*, and the State laws forbid the killing 
uf trout lex than xix inches in length. 8izt) 
and not numbers is what good angler* strive 
for. 

The Fish Couimbaionera of the dlffereut 
Stales hare restocked many of the old fished- 
out slreaiiiH. aud »omo of tire railtixtil cum- 
pan lea, nouhly the Ontario and Western, 
have turned out Ihousnnds of fry, and even 
built special car* for llicir transportation 
Itl doing this they have pursued a wise p«»i 
Icy, for the money paid to them by the thou- 
Hands of anglers who visit the various water* 
along the line of these roads amounts to a 
big iiem. A great many tanneries are being 
abandoned. and the Stale lawn prohibiting 
the raw-mill* from running their sawdust in 
the it reams, ami pickle factories from allow- 
ing the acid to poison the waters are being 
enforced as far its nctwible. All these thing* 
combined have helped the trout-fishing, ami 
today It it I letter in most slrautu than it wo* 
fire year* ago 

For the benefit of the novice. I give the 
name* of a few good trout streuntft within 
reasonable distance of New York city : Bush- 
kill. about twelve mile* from Stroudsburg, 
Pennsylvania (stop at the Peter* House. sod 
Harry Peters will pul you in the wuv of Mb 
ling goad fishing): cost and west branches 
of Brudheads Greek at HeurvrilJe, Monroe 
County. Pi-nnsjlvaniii. Paradise (. reek, near 
the sttiiK' station. Further up the road ia 
Canndenxis, and. in fact, at every station from 
Hcnrvviile lo Tohyhanna there is more or 
lew fair trout-fishing. Near Milford. Penn 
sylvama. and Dingman'a Ferry are some trout 
stream*, hut I do not know anything atom 
Uietn personally. The clnasic Brarcrkill. tbo 
Willewemoc. and tire Never* ink have iai 
proved in lire hut few years, and now afford 
many miles of delightful fly fishing. The 
cast and west hrnnehea of the 'Dehtwuro River 
and their lrihulurie» are said to afford good 
fishing, and the Mongaup. beyond Pott Jer- 
vis. is also well opokra of- Near Williams- 
port, Pennsylvania, are many famous trout 
stream* worth visiting, such as tire Loyal 
hlntiijtnabotilng. Kettle ('reek, Young 
Woman's (’reek. Lycoming River. Pk-aftxui 
Stream. Rock Run,' and many others. Tin; 
Slrehoin. a noted at renin in Pike County. 
PcniHvIvania, is now owned by the Bloom 
ingGrovn Park Araodation Nearer by there 
are a few small brook* along the line of the 
Harlem Railroad: and tn the Bronx, once a 
magnificent trout stream, there are still a few 
fl«b. In Dutchcra County. New York, some 
very nisre trout can be caught early in the 
Mason, arid near Dover Plain*. New Jersey, I 
am told, there is ooror fair fishing. 

1 presume this article would not be cun- 
aidered complete without a list of tile*. All 
wrilcrs on trout fishing pul that in, even if 
they hare lo copy it <*lt of some old cata- 
logue I cun assure the reader that the fol- 
lowing selection t« a guod one; that t» if 
thirty yean' experience counts far anything 
Alder, Abbey, brown hen. black gnat, cow 
dung, coachman. Cahill dwtiKtiincs called 
Van Pat ten), gulden splutter. Irnlwie. great 
dun. grizzly king, professor , queen uf the 
water. Genera! Hooker, bright fox. sIks,'- 
mnkor, dark coachman, ginger palmer, and 
the various colored Itarkh-s and iinlmcr* 
TIm^C flics alniuhl Ire dr>wd ou No. 10 or 
IS sproat. with |n-rhapa a few No 8 for early 
fishing or high water. Late in tlie season, at 
night, a gixid size white miller or yellow May- 
fly will kilt large trout; far. lie it known, them 
big fellow* are *ly and have had much eX|KTl- 
ettCC; they do inn leave their hiding place* 
until they think the angler is snugly housed 
aud smoking his pipe la-fore the open tire, 
then thry roam around the shallow* aud rip 

S lfB in search of ainie unlucky minnow or 
uttering moth. This tUhing after dark is 
quite exciting, hut tlie uugtcr must know the 
stream well, and use but one fly on a stout 
leader; for if oner; tangled, the coir is hnpr- 
k'w- It Is best to select some large pool, with 
plenty nf room for a hack c*»t. and do not 
disturb It until you »ee or bear the fish rising 
They take the fly boldly at night, and often 
with a splash that will make your finger* lin- 
It ia a delightful lonely Iui*Iik»»: and if 
you do not mind the InLt which sometime* 
get hooked, or the inquisitive "who who- 
heart!" of Ike great home*! owl, nr a* it lines 
happened to the writer, to be Blared out of 
countenance by a wildcat, it i* great spurt: 
for tin; trout nro always large: they take hold 
boldly, and fight to the hitler end, I only 
wish to advise one thing: do not try to take 
them all, be content with half a dozen twelve 
lo seventeen luck Irout, and leave same for 
the next man 


MAJOR-GENERAL NELSON A. 

MILKS 

Major Ghnukai. N run in A Mtt.z* the 
present commander uf the Division of the 
Miswiuri. is a native of Ma**ochu»eti«, and w*» 
horn at WortmloBtcr. in that Stale, August 
H, 1N39. Ilia An«e*tor» were among our 
earlier settlers and explorers, and among the 
jattriirta who struggled for the freedom of 
our country in the Revolutionary war and 
later in that of JKI2. He rcrrmvt an arae 
tletnic education, and in the early part of hi* 
life was engaged in oiercatittlc purauiu in 


Bouton. He inbrrited the spirit of a soldier, 
and at the flint tup of the drum III 1*411 hr 
hastened to r»i*c a company of volunteers, 
devoting his own mean* to that end, and of- 
fered hl» aenrkte to Ida State. How well be 
performed hi* duty, and how worthy of ad 
voocement, his record shows. 

He entered the service at the age of 
twenty one. and nerved from the beginning 
of the rebellion until it* close in the volnn 
teer service, mini: from the rank of a suhnl 
tern to that of Major GcuitaI He received 
four brevet* fur gallantry and distinguialKd 
service, and took (vart ui many hard fought 
lmtllea of tlw war. He conimandrd the 
largest division of tlie Army of the Potomac, 
aud at one time at the *g«- of twenty-six 
was In command of twenty five thousand 
men. He vrio, engaged in llm tMtllea of the 
Peninsula before Richmond, and at Antietam. 
and in every battle of the Army of the Po- 
tomac. with one exception, until thr »ur 
romlcr of Lee at Appomattox Court Home. 
He wo* distinguUhcd in the Hattie* of Fair 
Oak*. Malvcro Hill. Frevlerickslwirg, Chau 
ccllorsville, Old Wiklemcos, Rpottn Ivanta 
Court House. Ream's Station. Kk-hnumd 
campaign* of (M ami many other important 
battle* of the w»r He was thrice wound'd, 
and lit the buttle of Chancclloravillc was 
home from the field with what was stuipnatd 
to la* a mortal wound through the body 

At the diKte of the war lie w.i* commis- 
sioned Colonel of the Fortieth United Stales 
Infantry, and wo* shortly afterward trans- 
ferred to the Fifth Infantry Ills set vice 
aiore the war Itna tarn srnrccly less distin- 
culstwd. His promotion ha* been very rap 
Id. He was promoted Brigadier - General 
in tlw regular utfabhfthaient In December, 
1 8H0. and Major-General in April. 1480 

His services m tlw Indian country have 
b«:n of inotimable value to the country, and 
tlw remarkable suocew of hi* (-ampaign* 
ha* probably been unequalled in tlw history 
of Indian warfare. 

Hi* command lm* been varied, and bos ex 
tended over a great expanse of count ry He 
baa done tnurli to open up for civil Itatloo 
vast sections of the great West, and has the 
confidence of the settler aud tlw Indian alike, 
for both respect his honesty and sincerity of 
* well ns admire hi* firmness and 


Purpose a 
Iirnverv 


Comanche* in the Staked Plain* country, and 
in IR73 and 1470 he subjugated the hostile 
Wottx and other Indian* in Montana, driving 
Hilling- Bull arms the frontier, and breaking 
up the hands that were kd bl him. Crazy 
Horse. Lame -Deer, Spotted - Fugle. Brnud 
Trail. Hump, and others. In December, 
1ST?, after one of the most remarkahlr forced 
mate lira, over a durance of 100 miles, lie cap 
t tinal Chief Joseph and his Istnd of Nez 
lVrces, after a h.trtl fought hntlle of four 
days. In northern Montana, amt when he 
hud nearly reached the British line, after 
having eluded all other troop*, that had pur- 
sued uim from the Pacific creaat. In 1878 
he lulrrccpted soil captured Elk- Hum and 
his loitul of red handed murderer* on the 

edge of (ho YcHowmom Mi. lo UM he 
aocci-mplifth-ed what arevned a wrllnigh iro- 
poBsible tusk, of ruouing down and bringing 
in Geronimo and Nalrhez, and the I sand of 
Aixu;bcs that had nrnde tlie entire Southwest 
uninhabitable, thus restoring peace aud pros- 
perity to Arizona, northern Mexico, and 
New Mexico. For his services up to thi* 
time he moved the thanks of the Legisla- 
ture* of Kansas. Montana. New Mexico, and 
Arizoaa. and was presented with a sword of 
honor at Tucson in 1407. But hi* lost great 
service was the willing of the recent Indian 
trouble* in South Dakota, and raving the 
country from tlie bloodiest ludinu war that 
it has ever known. By grrnt tool and firm- 
netw. hi* tboTottgli kkowledgc of tlw Indian 
character and so disposing bi* troop* as to 
effectually shut them off from tlie aettlr 
menu, and culling off their supplies and os 
capo, he forced several tbourand of tlw nwvst 
warlike Indians to return to llicir rraervation 
and surrender, thoroughly protecting the set- 
tle r*. and saving a large amount of property 
General Mile* is now the third general of- 
ficer in rank in Die regular tinny, ia Mill a 
young man, ami in the full strength and 
vigor at manhood. 


THE MONUMENT. 

Therv tic tunny tnonumenta in London, 
but only one is the Monument It stands 
in an awkward situation half way up a slope, 
and though it look* hr*t from hclow. there 
l». alrielly ftfieaking, no very good view of it. 
A* awry body knows, it wj. erected to com 
Diem urate tlie fire of Ifltlti— " in |ierpetual re 
mcmhrnnce of that moat dreadful burning of 
this Protestant city, begun and carried on by 
the treivhery aud’ malice of tbe Popish far 
lion,” na the old imerfotion (now removed) 
put It. An net of l*iirlinmi-ot wa* olitainrsl 
for the purpose of appropriating fund*, and 
the design was intrust'd to Sir Christopher 
Wren, lib* capacity for taking pain* was 
well illuvtrutrd in tin- drawing* Iu- produced 
Sun.- of them were engraved . biiu are well 
known, hut thcdralgn completed was plain- 
er than waa at first intended. Wren bad a 
peculiar fancy for the Tu*can Doric. o» it is 
rolled, though it has little except it* plain- 
i»e*a in common with the Greek Itoric He 
uard it with great effect at Greenwich, nnd 
in some of Ids host churches. 

At flr*t he itiu-ndisl to make the Monu- 
ment u plain Lxilumn, dulled at intervahi 



APRIL 18, ism 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


283 


wLlh brow* flames. jrllt; but finally a *im- 
pW>, well proportioned fluted pillar, 111 his fa- 
vorite style. was (lie architect** matured res 
lection. Two questions remained to be st-l 
lied. One relatod to Hie but*. one to the top. 
A statue nf Charles II. was jiropoeed Blit 
tbe King did not concur, fft can easily Ire- 
lieve that a monument to commemorate- lire 
abominable treachery of thru* who were, 
though secretly, hi* co rriigtiMiisla, wu* not 
much to but table, and lie bud no wiali to fig- 
ure at tbo lop. ilia politeness*. ami other 
reasons, made hint conceal hie feeling* frotu 
Wren, who wrote that the King. not tliat he 
disliked a statin-, yet “ wa* ph.-iiM.-il to think 
a large bull of metal, gilt, would lie more 
agreeable. “ A pha-nix waa suggmred aa 
emblematic of the city rising from tho 
flame* of 1UM, tait Wren, though be made u 
earefuily finlalre-d drawing of lire fuljailou* 
Egyptian Ikwnoo. waa afruid that it would 
be dangerous, “hy rfcMon of the sail lint 
spread wing* will carry in llie wind." So 
the p taenia wan given up. and at bat the 
column was surmounted with a raao from 
which flame* rite, hd WO nee it uuw. “Wo 
mounted up to llwi lop," nay* Dudley North, 
“ami, one after another, crept up to Umi hoi 
low iron fruute that carries the copper head 
and flame* above. I cannot describe how 
hard it wa» to persuade oumelves we stood 
ufc; m> likely did our wciglil accm to throw 
down the whole fabric." 

Everv ooe who has ascended the Monu- 
ment has experienced the tune feeling, 
which i* enhanced prolxbly by the sloping 
site. It seem* a pity that u belter aituaiion 
could not bare been found: but It la a curi- 
ous fact, which many people have ohwwrod, 
that some of llie most remarkable buildings 
in the wot hi are similarly placed. The great 
Pyramid of Egypt and Stonehenge may bo 
cited as example*. But the Monument was 
placed in tbe main thoroughfare which led 
down to old London Bridge, and Its 303 feet 
were said to be the exact dertnnoe from six 
have to the baker's oven iu Pudding Lmuo 
where the Great Kire originated. 

With regard to the decoration of the nlinth 
there waa al*o much debate. At last the re- 
lief we see still was adopted. King Charles, 
with a British linn of la-nign aspect, superin- 
tends the rebuilding of London, hodmen and 
bricklayer* rngagen in architectural labors 
filling up the background. The inscription 
hu disappeared. It was removed under 
Jamea II .replaced under William III., aDd 
fioally obliterated by no act of Common 
Council in 1831. So " Isuntan* column " 
no longer, in tbo word* of I'njw, to whom, as 
a Londoner and a Romanist, the inscription 
was especially offensive, "lift* Its head, and 
lies." 

Tbo new London Bridge and the new ap- 
proach to it left tbo Monument for a 
lime in comparative retirement. But the Un- 
derground Hallway, running under Ea»t- 
ebrup toward the Tower, has a station here, 
and, after some delay, a writer iu tli« Timit 
suggested that lb* station slsouid I* called af- 
ter its great neigh bur. The suggestion was 
adopter and some clearing away of oki 
house* has improved a still rather circum- 
scribed view, Tbo vlbvaiwti of the pasting 
train* tried the old building, and some tle- 
cavcd fragments of stone foil from (tic pint- 
form at the lop a couple of ymra ago. anil 
caused considerable perturbation in the 
neighborhood. But a rnreful examination 
showed that, like um< of Wren's building*, 
tlse Monument is substantially sound, and a 
very little repair waa sufficient to render it 
perfectly safe, 

Tbe intorlor consists of n wluding stair 
way, with 343 step* to tlsc summit, There is 
a fine view from the “cage" on Use lop— a 
better view, in some respects, than that from 
the dome of St. Paul's, inasmuch a* the dome 
itwlf is Included The cage became a oeevs- 
•ity. Between 1730 and 1843, *ix people 
threw Uic-nMelvu* from the platform, the first 
being William Greco, a weaver, and tbo last 
a girl of seven Iren. There U little more to 
be mid. except that (lie antiquary will ob- 
serve Ibul the Monument stand* tn tbe cen- 
tre of the very ancient market-place ocartlio 
bridge, of which only tlsc street called Ea»t- 
ebt*p marks the situation, but of which also 
Leaornhall at one end anil Billingsgate lit the 
other probably funned part. 


ATHLETICS IN THE NATIONAL 
GUARD. 

Twenty year* ago the regiment* of thin 
State, generally speaking, were fuller limn 
they are to day ; twenty year* ago. also, tlsc re 
VIU little outside of the luilitta to attract the 
young men. Timm have changed since then, 
however, and especially in tbe Inst half dozen 
year* the great movement in general Athletic* 
has become a coUUler attraction that is work- 
ing against enlistment to an extent demand- 
ing recognition. It is daily hemming more 
difficult to induce nny kind, to say nothing 
of the right kind, of young men to cults: 
Tlw- tendency of modern drill i* toward do- 
ing away with many parade movenreuU, and 
to make military duty loss showy, and con- 
reqirently less Imen-alng to lire public. Our 
hardy young men to day Hud iu athletic aa- 
soriations exerts*. sociability, and applause, 
without the reMruiuts of military dincipliitc, 
and join them in preference to a regiment. 
This is the kind of men who make tbe brat 
soldiers, and It U of tbe greatest importance 
that tbe service r* made attractive to them. 
There is no room fur argument la llie asser- 


tion that it Is equally Important to build up a 
service of active ami vigorous men. 

It ha* Item proposed— ami, Indued, the 
project is now well under way. backed by 
Adjutant General Porter ami General George 
W W inguir— u> introduce athletic* into tire 
National Guard of this Stale. The various 
regimental athletic competition* have demon- 
strated lliclr popularity, and given some idea 
at the good influence tlwat i» siiiv to result 
from n geuerol indulgence. On the other baud, 
these game*. so far ns benefiting the bervkn 
at large is concerned, do not at all answer tlw 
purpose- Indeed, they furnish it strong ar- 
gument iu favor uf tbe new scheme. Tlicwe 
games have already dcvulo|ttd sudt an ex- 
alted standard that Done tail thowi particu- 
larly gifted, ami wlio are thoroughly trained, 
are able to socure K place ID them" There- 
fore the average men— (lie ninety-nine nut 
of every hundred, and the ones that it is de 
sired to interest — know perfectly well they 
have no chance whatever: and though they 
might like lu have u little /port, are not at 
ull desirous of netting up a allow fur the 
amusement uf llie spee-tatora Now tilt* is 
rwwtvrly wlist tbe new plan will regulate. 
In tbe first jdsce, no one will dispute llie fnct 
that gcnentl athletic exercise in tbe National 
Guard would work tui inestimable benefit In 
health, strength, and general lone. Tbe far- 
tber fad that some means miw Iw devised 
to bring the men together on on equal basis 
is likewise irrefutable. 

Thu idea is In work out the new scheme 
on the Mmc Hues as tbe present system of 
rifle practice, nnd to establish two standard*, 
ooc of a comparatively easy character, within 
the reach of nny active young man without 
going Into regular training: the other, ooe 
which can be reached only by a greater 
amount of skill ami some training. The list 
of events proposed include*, 1st, 10(1 yards 
(lodi. 3d, 440 yard* run: 3d, atamlipg firond 
lump: 4ilt. running broad lump: 5th. running 
high jump: tit I • mile walk; Tth, putting the 
stag. The idea in the programme would )>c, 
of course, not to bring out especial skill in 
any one event tto much as to develop the nil 
round man, strengthen hi# muscles, and give 
blm wind and endurance. Viewing it in 'this 
light, it would prnhwlriy be wise to substitute 
8u (tiki yard* run for ibu 44l>; tail that is a 
mere detail which will be attended to in sea- 
son. A certain number of point*, nav five, 
will bo allowed for reaching the standard la 
each game, with an allowance far passing it. 
To rep i«l tine standard iu four out of Usa 
seven events, scoring twenty points, will con- 
stitute a niHD nn “atbkto' ; to make forty 
points, a "champion athlete." There will bo 
presented each cbM medals, as lu tliu case 
of marfcsmrn and sharpshooters. 

Thu question ns to whether competition* 
be held in armories has created some discus- 
sion a* to Ibu different size of track* and tiro 
consequent Itaodlcap to those at work in Urn 
smaller armoric*. Thi* scent* plain enough, 
Probably at first there would be do compcti- 
lions in the iqmnrh*, as it U proposed to fit 
up Creedutuor with athletic ground*. CJusli- 
fying, however, would of nwxaelty bo done 
iu the armories, and wbon tlw sue of the 
rarioiH track* is known an allowance ouukl 
readily be given those oo the suuller one*. 
If an armory composition should be held, 8* 
iu time Would be quite likely, an election of 
location would be made by the governing 
board. 1 have heard opposition from one or 
two quartan on the r>1cn that tbe departure- 
will throw much audilUinnl work on lko 
regiment*; tail It I* not cnurily dear, nor has 
it been mruli- so hy lliowr with whom I have 
talked, bow it will euiall *o much mure 
labor. Of mane there would bo a National 
Guard Athletic A •sue lot Ion. with olficers and 
committrew and representative* from each 
regluM.-nt.thal would attend to these malten. 
Tlsc practice would be voluntary entirely, 
and when the meu had reoclsed lire standanl 
certain eflklala would superintend tbelr 
qualification. Tbe annual competition at 
Creedniooe would be governed n* are nil ath- 
letic championship event*. Such, briefly U 
llie outline uf lire plan, aud now as to Ibu 
sucoret* of tho departure. 

Wlieu lire iniroduetiau of rifle practice wii* 
first di*cu*tcd, all manner of olwtaclcs were 
thrown in ita nay, and failure predicted hy a 
great many. Prom the very time of ll* Intro 
dilution, however, its cimv-s* was pronounced, 
and tb« mult is today Uiat the general marks 
manshin of the service is of n very exocllcnt 
order. The direct otuwof this result was lire 
wi e* plael ng of tho two standards— otw w Itli- 
in the mtch'of the average man. and another to 
spur him on to butter effort*— and tlie giving 
of corresponding nrednl*. So will it lie with 
this athletic movement. Once let a half 
dozen men quality and secure Ibu mnlals.aoit 
tliu contagion will spread Uiroilghuul lire 
regiment- It will require no further boom- 
ing. The liotM'lft to a acrvlcu in which a 
majority, ni InoM.nf the guardsmen have had 
Mime athletic training is well nigh beyond 
calculation 

To a very large extent, tbe militia is com 
posed of iiiuo whose dally life l« sedentary 
There cannot exist two opinions a* to the 
value of exercise to such a clans of men: Dor 
enn there he any doulit as lo tbe comparative 
effoctivefiewr on lire field of a regiment of 
vjgnmus.activc men, and one flIUxT with ||*t- 
le^s. |iuuy men. Probably not one raun in 
twenty iu the National G uird can run a half- 
mile in liie comparatively alow lime of four 
minutea without being utterly pumped out at 
tbe end. Tbe illualralion in thi* baue show* 
lire half milu run in “full marching order” 




LAWRENCE BARRETT. 

On, uutcr tinlo, Inw *J1 Iky pnlHo* <UH**IT 
Oil. intstur-vwwn. I* all Uty *tw*ir itanf ! 

Or UT tlinu, KlacluUa aptail, buL icIixm! 

Ti> (niter ll(e? Alas] tl-;< Ilia Wxnn, 

Tim* have satn aiW«l, <*<t tekluc On* bom vale. 

Thus man Ihij(*I; if Willy, wluj (*u It-U * 
CaSalsa, liirml) ! ft av il» aaerr aytun, 

ir»x, w» shtir amlb; U wwl, ‘lb v«l l.ir<wtlL 


Hun.- i« dr-re MMicr, sscli u* (nmlly cusnla 
Tlie chaWaf where t -lu*/ ooe •1-miU-t* llgitf, 

Ttir *l»*l li«* Hied ot no recli win I*. 

Pur nhst c*w Waki.si thwT bwrel lTtaei-. gaud- 

III tlik Iky *ki*i irf d**lh, l( Mt««m ihould color, 

'IVy will hu dross tor |Mm(ul WbidIws- ant. 

Onsim (list tlw norM -biitk love tlma— the (him. ila.mli, 

Ssd-huaMrd Witold. l>4l hub no isll|iuuj(c Bwoit 
To ipualt Its lore*. Until iho<i ihu («tr areuu latt, 

A in] drconi ll *11 th« agsdiwg allt-i>fr ikwM;|k : 

Till. i( Owl will It *n. iIhiu wake el bn 
To Clio gisil kuuulsdgc lliel iliy ilnuin I* imr. 

K- V. II. 

A WROUGHT IRON SCREEN KOR 
A NEWPORT HOUSE. 

Tnt:RE«re Ixwutlful specimens of wrought- 
iron work in kairope that travellers may aec 
ill lire muwuius and in 
(dd chktcaux and pal- 
aces. aud in our own 
time there is produced, 
bv skilful nrtirana in 
Prance aud other coun- 
tries, much that bears 
compuriaou with the 
famim* work of the 
craftainun uf the He- 
naismiMH?. In the 
I’liitcd Stulrs we have 
almost nothing of the 
sort, and iron is, in 
deed. Commonly look- 
ed upon at ■ " baser 
iim-UL " only fit fur 
tusking Iwatn* and 
girder* and massive 
pillars in the coimItui'- 
lion of buildings, aud 
fur hundred* of uscfiil 
but not ornammul 
objeuta. Tlx- new Har- 
vard gala recently act 
up at GiunUriiigc is 
one example- wc have 
to point lo of thu or 
tisttc u»e of iron, and 
It I* being Used more 
every year hy pro- 
gremlve arctiilcrt* in 
the right way.comblo 
log llie grace and uk-- 
gancc of griod dralgo 
with the Miiid and en- 
during qualitiro tltat 
arecharactcri*ticof the 
metal The wrought 
Iron Hood screen re- 

I iroduccd on lids psgc 
tax iu** licen cxcculud 
at (hr wnrktho|ia of 
William II Jackvoo A 
Co., of this city, and 
ia to he placet! iu a 
country house at Nuw 
port. Tlie design ia 
by ibu well • known 
arch ilect Richard M. 

Hunt, and t* French 
Ituaaiasance in »tyle — 

Frsn^oia Premier, to 
he concur. The work 
consists of gates, bal 
ctinr, and on arch 
grille, forming a largo 
wtfcb over nineteen 
feet high, and will 
fill Ure space, where 
it Is to be set in U>e 
t-iilrancc to lire house, 
from wall to wall and 
from floor to railing. 

Tbe design forma 
Ihrc* main vertical wauroaT-tRON w rkkn. drsiused by Richard x uvxt. 


somewhat, lire screen recalls some of the 
wrought-iron work at Blot* nnd Clienno- 
ccaux. Tlie two panels nn (lie left me ibu 
plat projwr. the lliird panel on the right liv- 
ing clined. Thi* part of the wrern rUes 
eight fuel; the enlabtalure and bulcuuy over 
lire gates three fuel higher; tli«-n there Is an 
o|*-n space of alioitl three fuel, ami the aivil 
grille measures five feet from tbo bottom lo 
lire centre of the arch Tire work » ailmi- 
TttWy executed, and llie beautiful draigtt car 
ri«l out iu a itMiinur that slrews the ar-timms 
were uut unworthy of llie ln*k intrusUd to 
them, ll is lo be hoped Hist we sliall uv 
more aud more of such excellent work as 
thi*, and it is a mat let for cungraliilaliuo that 
ll bun I wen produced here si home, 

William A. C affix. 


at the Seventh Kcglnvcnt game*, April 4tlk 
Tlie leader ia A. II. George, the long distance 
runner, and memlwr of the Seventh. Of 
Court*, no atbh-tic compariMin can be miulc 
between George aud tire avurage militia man , 
but tills event, tbe forerunner of the general 
movement to introduc* atlih-lU-s In lire Nn 
tional Guard, went to prove eonclusivcly 
lire great advantage to las derived from the 
now departure. Out of a regiment of nire 
thousand and forty odd men. Just three com- 
peted. Note whst the system of rifle practice 
lias dnne: out of this snnx- ooe tbousnud anil 
forty odd noen, one thousand and fiiurb.cit 
are markMivm, Were the proposed sciieiiM- 
of athletic* in the Nationalt iuanl introduced, 
tlw Dumber of athlete* in lire service wouhl 
probably equal the marksmen. With such a 
etntei of ullaini, wbal a service we should 
liavc, to be sure' There is a national side In 
Uii# queotion. Sumnwfully imr-aiuceil in 
thi* Htate. it would be taken up by all tho 
Stales of the Union. With atbU-ilo* Intro 
(lured ioto lire Nallonsl Guard of the United 
Blales. who will foil lo appreciate the clTi-u- 
livuocn* of that guard in service, ami the iin- 
provuoteul in general lone aud vigor at home? 

C aspar W.Wntrxxt. 


divisions marked by graceful pilasters— 
with the spaces between the pilaster* mta 
divided into triple arches, each supDonrel 
by ilellcately wrought spiiidks — ami fnut 
horizontal divisUm# Tlie find liorizonisl di 
vision umt>rai:i-s lire dado in the lowerhalf r,| 
Ibugutn; the MX-nnd.tbc rntablalure imniedi 
St»-ly over tliu irsUw; tlie thlid, tire- top rail o| 
tbe haUsmy aliove; and the fouttli. a fr|cx* 
and cv>rni(*: on a line with Hie spring of the 
arch, forming the tail loin of it-,- nf «-|, gijitc. 
The dnairathin cnnsiala of dolphins and Mi 
age, and lu general design, and in detail 


HARPfl 




285 



286 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XJtXV., NO. 1791. 



Is looking forth* brat effect in UM *u- 
winhlc, I l«o ron*lruclinni*ls mul tin - garden- 
er* of the Columbian Exposition did not 
desire to disparage any one building. It Wan 
not an easy problem Of eouree they bad t lie 
Puri* affafr in their mind* eye. anil laid out 
fur to go for advice. But originality m 
want'd in grouping it* well ii* in designing 
the long Iiouhii and the lomtcd temple*. 
Many map* were miule, and at lift cue was 
adopted The detnonsimlon of rid* map. u* 
irai to be expected, have not king but the 
most fulsome praise to lavish on their own 
work, and tf there? nr* n certain few of sen- 
suous rye and Mamccnic notion In I wa- 
rm of group* and angle*, they law not born, 
open In rviiiciam. for the reason |»'rliap« Unit 
tlieir rriticLm might not be understood In 
(tiuee time* of " the grcatexl and biggest and 
finrst thing* of llrelr kind In tlio world.” 

But if Uie vista of the Chicago Exp i*itii>u 
will not he Cordovan in striking nod meri- 
torious Mniplicity.it will rrruinly awe *urh 
American* iu run gape nt pum'ii oruamen- 
tntinu. and find more to lie marvelled at in an 
iniciminahlc reric* of gilded domes mid vast 
rtrelrhe* of staff walls Ilian in » simple mono- 
lllli cowed at live base with valuable glyph. 

The building* of tile ColumUan ExjN-raitXWi 
and the preparation of tlx? grounds i bend or 
will east a trifle more thou f Ig.OUfiOflO. With 
ibis Mini much can lie done, mul there is no 
doubt that much will be done. Much h.x* 
been done al ready Anri ns tin- CDuatructloD- 
iu« have until Hint tlx? buildings shall lie nr- 
ranged iu jiiet inch mid aoctl a fosliioD, it is 
[■crimps as well In accept the Kilualiou. and 
to seek for all that may be ndmlrcd rather 
tliun attempt to turn up a prospect here or 
there nr everywhere lliat would -ccni more 
grateful to llio vt**w were it reverted or eon. 
verted nr subverted The architect, who I* 
the chief of construction . *nyi that "a innn 
in a balloon '' would tixik/rwiii the lop of tins 
AilniinistrHiii>n Building. which will lie tin? 
focus of all thr grouping*. Hut wVlhei lie 
would limit from lire tup of tin? Administra- 
tion Building, or from the hike, or from the 
window of a pasting railroad train, the nor- 
lllh-st Object of Ills enrinsity or bU itiWf*** 
should be the great bull to !«' erected for ilic 
exhibition of tin 1 manufactiiir* iukI Uie liber 
al arU: for this building, in it way, is unkjoe 
Tim structure, which will I* of the French 
llenaimnnc? - . i* said to he dedgned lu cover 
more ground limn any building ever creeled 
by the bund* of man lit noble dimension*. 
1 lAohv StK) fcet.wifpnft* In extant tlin ground- 
linet of the gn.utost ruins of Asia. It will 
he built an mod two cimris. and over iu mid- 
dle will rivi a gicn! arrli A'Hlfeet in dhtiueter. 
This building is noticed br-t because it will 
bold those exhibit* that Itpmtnt tile agents 
lliat have been most active iu tltllirlllg 

The subject of the illustration is a bird's 
eye view of the Ex(iualtl>in building* s* o-rn 
vvlten the obwever i* looking wrath. To the 
extreme left is lliu pier pavilion ill Lake 
Michigan. with » promenade running West 
vrardlr- At tlw? euil of tin’ pamdc l*» group 
of I m Tidings, the ftlthnt XOUtb being that de- 
voted to agriculture. Next to it, to the 
north, i* the great Mructnn? for the mnnofoc 
turn a ixl the liberal and decorative an? id- 
ready referred to. Thi* building wa* dr 
signed by Mr. George S. Poet, of New York 
l ily. North of it I- the l idled State* Gov 
i riiment Budding, with it* polygonal dome. 
The nearest of this group i* the building for 
the txliibiuuu of tba lUhwics. In Lbu fore- 


front. military. U the bullillng given up to tlte 
Shite of llliivni* It supplies tlx? fourth and 
nearest side of the irregular ipusdrllateral 
bounded on the left hr the group just de- 
scribed. In the group to the extreme south, 
adjoining tlw? department* of agriculture and 
iniimifncturcs. and beyond lire IIHiku* Build- 
ing. nro til* Machinery Hail Administration 
Building, and the Electrical Building. To 
tire right of thin group an? die Mine* Build- 
ing*. The structure to the extreme right 
1 * the department of transportation. The 
flower -bed* before tier domed structure? on 
the middle right suggest very properly Un- 
department of horticulture. The Inst and 
tire ncareitt building ou the right Is the tlo- 
nuiili of the women. 

It is ounteiideil by the architects (but have 
designed tlre*c structure* that they mill *ur- 
paw those or any other exposition in numtier. 
alee, and splendor The total frontage of 
tlicra will occupy more than two mil**, and 
the total number of acres covered by tlrem 
will l<? more than 125. The? figure* given 
out through the Bureau of Publicity ami 
Pi nmol Ion provide the following acreage for 
the individual buildings: Fish and Adierim, 
1.7; iMicrte* annex. .7; government. UU; 
manufactures, SI. 2; electrical appliances and 

ektirlclty. All; mitre* and mining. 7.6; agri- 
cultural, 9.2; machinery. 9.7. machinery nn- 
nex. 8 7: auut-x for power, 8.8; horticultural, 
7 7, woman's building, 22, transportation, 
tt.it; administration 1.4. These provlaions, 
a* may be nccn. do not include the space Unit 
will I*- ri-uuired for Bnu arts, decorative art*, 
and (be building* wherein livestock ami 
animals will be i|usrteTisl, nor yet theexhildta 
■>f foreigu nations and the Isabtlfat Building, 
for w hich a spare luu Iwen left ajrart from 
tin? ground occupied by l lie regnliu depart- 
ments of the Fair This spiior luu lieen re- 
served at tlie northern elid of the }mrk site 

tY hi to the enterprise wa* young die con- 
tention nmoiig tin.' directors un the matter of 
Hie silo fm there building* wn* warm Tlw 
Lake Front a sfiecial anil not a general term 
— by which U meant a sitt-icb of land front- 
ing or? Lake Michigan before mid citv, wii* 
tilauid'iouil na being too revlrtclfd. Tluo it 
wits decided to mnkr use of a dual silc— the. 
Luke Front and -lurk-uui Park. Finally Iho 
Luke Front wa* abandoned altogether, and 
Jnrkxnn Park elumen l-xc lusivelv. 

Thi* |**rk Is h pretty hit of bwd. mI licit very 
flat. It in i-ituitle on the shore of Lake Midi 
iuan. seven miles south of the CIlV Hull (if 
Chh-ago.ainl cinhnuH-* ,VW acre*. Variiing- 
lon Park i* n mile nearer the city, ami the 
Mldu ity Pluisanre. a strip of 8t) arrew, eon- 
TIM-1* (he IWu larks. Willi Washington Park 
ami the Midway Plnimnctj. Jneksnn Park 
furnishe* nn ami of 1(137 a crew lliat is avail' 
able for Exposition ptirpnm*. There can he 
Bo ijuretion a* io the «k-sirululity of tlx? aite. 
It is rallwr distant frr-in the centre of the 
city, and the menus of travel are not alto- 
gether iiki good, but for the purposes or build- 
ing Jai-ksuii Park liaa won praise from all 
tin- archil a; l* tbnt have reen it. 

Tin- streirtntvs that will Is- erected on tills 
site have been designed wIlH u view to con- 
»islem->- of treatiBent. A brief ih-urlpii.iu 
of building lux* ta-en vourhaafed by thr. 
etiii-Tincrii-u depart ini'rit The bullillng fur 
the fisheries bus la*?n designed by Henry I vr* 
CObU. fif Chicago Ii will U- »ue of the lar 
girst. It will sluiw, over a frontage of 700 
feet, an elevation In Sfmnlsh style that has 
ln-cti praised much by more than one critic. 
Mr. Cobh U JUivaa tu the liberal use of color. 


and Las provided for some rather brilliant 
facings iu his wurk. but Im lias aimed at liar' 
runny, and hi* succea* will depend nn iho 
taste and education of the observer. The 
building nf the jjovernment will measure? 
350x420 feet, and will be provided with u 
dome, This building and ll»c battle ship to 
be constructed in the lake have been treated 
at length in this jouros). 

Tlw battle ship suggest* the pier, thus will 
probably be of a* mucli lontuly as any of t)K> 
grr nter »tri»rture* rising from tlx? huid. Au- 
gustus hi. Gaudeiis. of l’arls, has been to 
some pain* to render thi* portion nf the Ex- 
position of value to these who lark for art. 
At n dbuuira of I-V10 feet from the khorc will 
rise from a foundation of nwk resting on the 
bottom nf the lake a Greek pavilion 2U0 fret 
in diameter. It in urged that the view from 
this pavilion will be ixiWe. Four hundred 
feet from llu? shore a circular horls-r will Im? 
partially enclosed by a pcrlniy lo rounding out 
two pier* lliat will run parallel. On tlx? peri- 
style will be placed thirteen inoluted columns, 
Tcpvc-tcnting the thirteen Slate* of the Union, 
surmnuuied each with the uppri-prUie coat 
of arms and eymliohi. From tlie ceil tie of 
the harbor a eiduneil flgure of the Republic 
will i«rl*a. This figure will probably he iln- 
signcd by St. Giiudcin. Westerly from the 
pier will extern! Hk> nu»in nvemte. which will 
lie properly the cotrauee to the Fair. At the 
rigid of tbts will be the Iniitdlng <>f the maim 
fiirture*. At tlie left, the building nf agri- 
culture. This house lias born designed by 
Architect McKim, of New York, who lia* per 
hap* mure thoroughly utiderjtois! the Deoil* 
of tlx? situation than mewt of the ralicr de- 
signer*. In hi* nragh !in« Mr. McKim went 
cuonur to tlio tl circa xloiw of Ruskla in that 
lie furnuhrd forth a severely recLnngiilar 
bnlMIng. But In relievo ho fell lulu the or- 
nate and the elnhnmte mural treatment The 
walls will be softened w ith much and classic 
KUXunrr. The design has been highly com- 
mended. Tlin Machiuory [Jail has breii de- 
signed by Peabody A Stcarna. arcbltoct*. of 
Bunion. Thi* building will he of tlx- same 
proportion* a* the Hull of Agriculture, hut 
will la- imprciiMVc, and, according In the chief 
of const ruction, "itch in architectural ltnu 
and detail. ” 

To Richard M. Hunt, of New York, wna 
askigncrl the Laak of designing a building for 
Un- udiiilul»trailon. Tlxi prealiknl of the 
Anx-ricnn Inatiluteof ArcbilccUMlenll simply 
but strikingly with the subject, and shoncil 
whut then- wa* poHiihle in the Italian He 
tiaisaaiice drawn U* • Very wide scope, llu 
wns allowed an appropriaiwwi of $ 800 , 000 , 
and lx? placed a fair proportion of that sum 
in a domu that la- asked to Itc gilded, ami 
that he drew up to a height of 250 feel. In 
thi* iHiihllng will lie tlxi efitcc* and rooms of 
the Natioonl (VicnmUKion Tlie structure 
that will lie put tu the exhibit nf (rausporla 
tiori nx tbiwU will Bieaciirt- KtiO by 200. and 
will he of the Romnncwiue order. Tlir ap 
propriation of #-1 .<*00. 0*** allotted io It* erve- 
liua will be Sfa'cl largely io a fasbUia nut 
•prcially attractive exteriorly, lwit it* immen- 
aily wa* a severe ccmiideraliou tu llu? nrrlii- 
toct. 

More beautiful, if not ns extensive will he 
live building of horticulture It* llWO feet 
of length will lie greatly relieved bv ihm 
dome*. Tbo materials will la* chiefly claw, 
aixl iron, At tlw? entrance of tbc Midway 
l'lalaauee will Maud the Woman's lluiUbng. 
From tbo Midway PIumocc iudf will riarc 
the I’ruetur Tower. 

The beauty nf Uie Undtcapc between tbe 
Im filling* will la? enlianml hv a lagoon ar- 
tificially made, with an Inlet from Hie lake. 
In this lagoon and on the surface of the har- 
bor. protected from tbe high waves by n inole, 
will ply Hmall craft reprvwnUlivc of all 
liatioDa The nwa in tliese tioat* will la? 
clothed in the denial dress and will lie given 
tlx? color of tbc f'idtieae. lire Japniicse, lliu 
Malay, the Venetian. The object of i»H thin 
i* to give us gay iui appearance a* ixmiible to 
lire Fair. A further nttcmpl will he made to 
reader a Mt-dilemuiran effect by coloring the 
wills of all lliu iKiatti that enter tbe liarbjr uf 
Chicago, Within tbc pier room will Im? left 
for lire revenue cutter 3/trM$ttn. The lake, 
and, It is thought, tire water features of the 
Exposition, will be innde more interesting by 
tire preM-iH-u of a cadet *lup from Anna[»-li*. 
which will be brought to Chicago tbroiigii llic 
canal fm- summer practice. In all. there will 
briilioiJt *cvenly tLvearrc*of wali-rwav The 
lagoon aixl tbe siioro water of Lake Mrehlguu 
will lie turn**! over to tlx? superintendent of 
tlx? depart nwiil of tlrilrk-lly. who will draw 
on nil tire ingenuity of the country to iieuulify 
them. Tlie w nter is very dear, nnd will 
supply spietulld material for startling <-!*-e- 
trirnl effect*. SuImiiul-ou-i illumitialinu* of 
varlegnt-d color will l*s u«ed to produce n 
surface of such splendor a* will a*k Tnith iu 
n magic more marvelluiis than tlwl of Ap*:>l- 
htniuR. Iu fact, the waterway* give promise 
uf being tbe most s|reCU<t-ular of all tire de 
jjarnment* of the Kxpnairion. The gcuiusof 
St -Gauden* «aw this when be advised lire 
aljnixUtnnM'iit of tbc project for n tall tower 
at the rnd of the pier, and repliux-d it with 
lire Greek pavilion and the peristyle with live 
noble statuary. l.'ndcT tlx* glowtif tbe elec- 
tric light, which will he usm] without Nilntat 
night, tire water caner-l fail to prove llu? 
muii Interesting and fascinating feature of 
the Pair 

Chief Burnham, in explaining bis plain? to 
the gcntlvmcn of tire National Commission 
when that hotly was in m-aidon at Chicago 
rout-ally, madu uw of this description; "1 


should say that outride of tbe buddings ’here 
will bv about 2tW acre* of apace, including 
about fifty acre* in lire walk*. Now it U 
deigned to liave a line of small Meamere ex- 
lent! their voyage* clear up to the end of the 
park, aixl these ate to t>e operated by sntoo 
t.nt? compiny.undrr careful mitriclioo. There 
will be numerous landing* convenient to Uxt 
Urge hoihJing*. *o that one can go from 
place to pluc-e either by leal or lire intra- 
mural road, which will run right among the 
building*. It is deemed belter to keep tire 
Intramural away from the fronts of tbeae 
building*, so a* to keep them axrpiirt as pos- 
slhlv. and it will be used princijotliy, of 
course, n* a lung-*li«Unrc? aliortencr. and not 
when you have otilv three hundred or four 
hitmlred fm to ride. The suggestion we 
have from Hie grounds aixl building com- 
mi i loti i» that it be made an electric elevated 
road. Tlte »ilc for it is not exactly <tcier- 
nhred- 

*■ The riiriou* dome* nnd minaret*, or tur- 
ret* rather, will be picked out In color, so 
that it is expected to have the whole Fair, a* 
one seen it. nut only a good Hire of I vui tiling* 
an>l ii well arranged disposition of the land- 
ai-HiMW. liut hrilliiutl Iu color a* well. It 
shall be festal and beautiful, You can Im- 
agine to yourself the moving Ixiatn and the 
pc>ipl« thronging Uie Glare and the bright 
culor uf the buildings, and at night tlx? dar- 
/-Itng display of electric light. Flags will 
wave from each of tire column*, banneret* 
and point* u til empbastre colgua of vautage, 
and tbc building* themselves— that is, tire 
main ulna — an- to ba of au ivory tone, run- 
ning into a deep, warm, rich lwown Foun- 
tains and terrace* will adurn the walk*, and 
also flowers and shrubbery about Uie princt- 
pol building*." 

The artistic arrangement of tlie Exposition 
bn* been divided into five parts: nr*t. Ui<? 
northern ctnl uf the |iark, which will be re- 
tain'd for State, foreign government, art. and 
0|]Mr budding*: MHMUl, the Midway Plai- 
sanre. whirb will In- given to curiniw and 
special exhibits, aril tu uccummiMlate tlie 
overflow from the Slates portion, lllird, tire 
lagoon, islnnd. and adjacent lands; fourth, 
the main court, with pier extending Into tire 
lake, fifth, the space back uf (he main court 
to the wmtli. where Ilia Imildinga will l>e of 
chciiji cruistmcliun, with architectural beau- 
ty aimed Hi. 

Tbe National Commission, nt thr roeorn* 
ineudation uf Itlrcctur General Davis ha* re- 
cently adopted a classification of exhil>ita 
and departments. These are fifteen, a* fid 

A — Agriculture, Fond, and Food Pr-«?1- 
Ucts; Farming. Machinery, and AppllanctA 

It -YiLicullure, Horticulture, and Flori- 
culture. 

C— Livestock, Ikiavratie and Wild Ant- 

■ik 

P — Fi*h, Fi*lw-rii?*, Fi*h I*roducU, and 
A pi »i rains uf Fishing. 

K— Mine*. Mining, aixl Metallurgy. 

F— M schiuery. 

Cl — Transportation Exhibit*, Railway*. 
Veoaels, and Vehicle*. 

II— Manufacture* 

.T - Electricity nnd Electrical Appliance*. 

K — Floe Arts. Pictorial, |1 m(k, and Deco- 
rative. 

L— Llla-ral Art*. Education. Engineering. 
Public Works, Architecture, Music, and 
Drama. 

M — Ethnology, Arnhmologr. 1’iepaa of 
lailxir and Inveuliuu; loulated and llullected 
ExhlMUi 

X— Forestry anil Fount Product*. 

O- Publicity and Pruntultoo. 

P — Foreigu Affaire. 


TUB AUSTRALIAN COMMON. 
WEALTH. 

Amen u ftTMion which lias extended over 
five weeks tire Australian Federal Conven- 
tion li.v- hruiight ita work U» a clu*e. On 
Wtalnnsdny lust tire Cuiistitution bill wo* 
adopted, aiul the ntwsion* were ended amid 
sccix-* of greul cnthuslnsai. 

It is H»U>tii»hing bow little Intetest hnx 
been uwiikciH-d on this con tine m. and esj» 
cially among nurown people, hy this conven- 
tion. It U only within lire last eight or ion 
days that i Is proceeding* formed the subject 
of any of our cable despatches, nnd fur de- 
tail* regarding the work which wa* being 
dune we have been indebted almost entirely 
to the fiircirti prc». Yet It I* doubtful tf 
nny itn-cinbly since thi? arnuigcment* were 
niaili? for tlie (ederatiuu of British North 
America in 11*57 lliu at all approached thi* 
-Ail-il rat inn convention in im|Kirtuuce, or been 
so friiugiit willi wlnil wc nilglii call the fu- 
tun> prosfMs-i* of lire Knglisb-spenking peo- 
ple*. All things onwhlerwl— apectal regard 
being bail to the fuel tbnt tbe time bod cram? 
when 1 lie? <|iu-sXxin bud to be decided wltcllrer 
the different colonic* should unite and form 
one people, or allow themselves tu drift Into 
separate anil iintagonisltc nuiionnkiiica — this 
Airetralian cotm?nlion, in view uf the work 
oi roinplbbt-il. Is entitled to he regarded a* 
one of the very great»»t triumph* of mokro 

Sunre year* have oUjwcd aims? Australian 
frili'Tiirion la-gim tu rununand culcniial and 
imperial attention. The first important step 
HIM taken in when Hie Imperial Parlia- 
ment passed what whs called the "Federal 
Onuacil Ac* of Ait*trala*in.'' an act which 
nuiliorired lire appointment of such Gouncil, 
aud which intrusted it with the management 



^PRIL IB, 1BB1. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


of such matter* a, were of common Austro- 
Uan interest. Tin; ('outwit. having Iwcn :«n 
pointed, held meeting* in l*wi Iswi.iuid l ■■**». 
N<> meeting win. In-Id In 1MW. twit ittatewd n 
r-oilfrrsvitx? of n-prr»> -illative* of lire Austra- 
lian cotoolrx met in Mt-lhi>ume in February 
of that \>«r. Hint land* ttmogrociiU for the 
ounvcmiivn which bus now m> happily been 
brought to a clove. 

The convention met on March id of the 
present year, mwl, a* had bwtl previously 
agreed upon In Sydney. Xcw South Wale*. 
Sir Henry Piirkc*. the Premier fll lire cuteny, 
who Into been tlw life and soul of the fedt-r- 

tnouxly called 111 the dMlr The i-iifoi-iic* 
rrpntrninl were New South Wales. Vie- 
tori;*. Quccnduud. nault Australia, Tas- 
mania. West Australia, nml New Zealand. 
£el,tl wan given to the opening day l*y a 
grand banquet. held in wliul is known in 
Centennial Hull: and the (uaKl of tint even- 
lug “On* People. On* Dcxtinr," wiu* given 
by the liuurman of the ctnrveniiuti. On the 
»ec«>od day the work of the eoitvcnllon uiw 
outlined in a xcric* of n-xohtli'in* embody- 
ing principles which, it »» t -laitiird. were 
neoe»s*ry lo eMahUsh utid suture "an endur- 
ing foomlailuit for the MrucHtri of federal 
government" The** resolutjons provided 
that “the power* .privilege*, nod terriN'iisI 
rights of the several existing colonic* should 
remain intart, except in regard to WH'h “tir 
renders as might In* ujrwi upon ns Iteee* 
sury itu<l ineiilciiiii) to the power sml author 
itr of the National Federal Government''; 
that " trade and interenurve lattween the fa.il- 
crated colonies should la: ahoilu lely fnr"; 
that " power and nuthurity to impose cus- 
tom* duties should h* exclusively lodged 
with llie Federal Government null t’aiJla 
meet"; amt that “tlic military and mind 
defence of Auuralia should la- intrusted to 
tlw federal forcea. under one comnumd " 

Subject to these nud other necessary pro- 
visions, tlw convention was asked to approve 
tlw framing of u Foth-ml Constitution, which 
should estuldisb a 1’iirliiimenl. composed of 
a Senate and a Hull** of Representative*. the 
former consisting cif un equal number of 
inenilrert from each province, circled by n 
system which should provide for tire period- 
leal retirement of one third of the meml»er» 
llw latter rimmber to be elected by district* 
formed on tlw population basis; also a Ju- 
diciary, consisting of a Federal Supreme 
Court, which should constitute the High 
Court of Appeal in Australia. under the di- 
rect authority of the sovereign, and whose 
decisions as such should be Itnnl ; mid nl the 
wniie time and finally an Executive consist- 
ing of a Governor -General, and such persons 
un might form lime to time b* np|wini«l 
as hin advisers. “ these l«x having scuta in 
Parliament. ami their term of office depend- 
ing upon tlwlr possessing llw confident* 1 of 
the House of Representative*. as expressed 
by llw support of the majority 

On the following day Hir" Henry I hi ikes 
sustained the runoiitlionn In a speech of re- 
markable power. The ri-Milutum*. for which 
be was mainly responsible, were submitted 
aa a groundwork for debate, nut as em body in* 
principles to tie rigidly adhered to. He nsUcil 
tbf i in legate* In meet the work in a broad 
mad liberal spirit, to be self denying to the 
extent of losing sight fur a time of merely 
local hiemU. What was aimed ill was a 
belter government for the whole rff Austm- 
lia. There was no desire to cripple eoinulul 
power. or to Invade colonial right*. On the 
trade question* lie was clear anil ciriphulle. 
Coder any federation, freedom of trade Ite- 
twpen the existing colonics was a iicwwity : 
and it was equally necessary that legislation 
on fiscal question* should lie given to the 
Federal I’arliomciil. If It ctioac, it_ might 
declare in favor of protection as again*! the 
whole world- On the queUeum of nnlloiial 
defence amt of the (iitanixl Judiciary, be was 
equally emphatic and explicit. He mini*- It 
abundantly plain, also, that it would be ne- 
ceteary for the proposed Federal Ituitsc of 
Representative* to l»»Ve the sole power of 
origination with regard to money bill*. 

We are not yet in ptMMMnlon of all tlw de- 
tails of the work nnximplidird by the coo 
vent ion . We do know, buwevcf . that tin al I the 
main point* presented to the original scheme 
there has licen mure or less (••rftet ago* - 
meat. The four main propositions were 
agf‘*ed It* alronrt ax soon as rvatl. The sect tod 
part of tire resolutions, which *«« unoerraed 
more with dotail.octtujoned umre rlii n-sltin, 
and derclofied on sotlie point* epwikmUt 
difference of opinitwi Dtlrmiw of oplaioa 
rxisltd MS to the powers to la- Circa to each 
of llie two House* of Uie-Federal l’arllaincut 
in regnrd to fiscal queotioli- !t vu flimllv 
agreesi that power of origination in nil such 
mutter* should rest with lire lower Hume 
Tlie question wa# raid'd whether intereulo- 
Dial free tnuhi si* mild nut lat iuaiigiinttrel nt 
once, lHit It was wisdv arranged that tilings 
ahmihl remain aa they are until the Federal 
Parliament should establish a uniform turilf. 
There was difference i*f tipiniou us to whether 
UioG overiupr llenenil should be appointed by 
the rnjwii or clect'il by the | wo tile In n 
division of the cxiorenlinn It was decided iu 
favor of HpiHdliUneut by ihe crown, bv a vote 
of *» to it Some difflcultv mil* *xpcrienml 
in the choice of * nnmc fur lire confdiera- 
tlon. Tlw: final dccisiuu was in favor of 
“ The Australian CornmonweuUb." 

Tlicre were several quest lot is OD which se- 
rioua difficulty wa» expected to lie exfs'ri- 
eoceti Of thrsre, by fur the most lmp»*rt»«t 
was the question u to the dUpositlon of tbc 


colonial debt*. This, it would seem. *u one 
<>f the lu*t MihjMi* taken up by the c on veil- 
lion The colonial debts are heavy . (be total, 
incliidlrigtlmtof New Zealand, utnmiiitiug to 
*H*,0IHt.m», w lilt an interest of fiO.-KW uOtl. 
Among lire variiwis sugucstioti* luui.le. otw 
warn that iu ns-uining lire colonial debt* tire 
Federal Government sbiruld take over and 
**.vk comii lu-atioii in tJi>: coloninl railnwrl 
mill teU-gmpli property. t'linsoli'Iatiou, how- 
ever. Iia* liecn |<nni putted until federation 
tliall have liessimc *B lUvrunplislnd fart ll 
will then have to he dealt w||li bv the Federal 
Government. In the menu time the ('oosli- 
till ton lreil has bern oihqKed: aiwl unless the 
colonial Iqtitlitnna. lictof* which Uu- »«- 
fnienttimi sclieme *»iil soon be hruuL’bt, 
object loas. Auatndia. under tire name 
of IhcCotninnawenlth. will, on mi early duv. 
enter upon nn entirely new and. w« are will- 
ing lo believe. ]iruspemus career. 


A BABY KING AND QUEEN. 

(IN G'xsl Friday last u curioua ccrciismy 
took place in the rbupel of the Boynl lhdiure 
at Madrlil A" sisio a* vrapcni wen? over, 
tire Cardinal Archbidiop of Toledo, who fill* 
tire office of Chaplain "Mayor," stepped 
down ft ran the high xlur uuti appreacltetl a 
table on which seven mil* r.t pardimeot 
were laid Tltcy null contained the free 
and full pvrtlon of a prisoner lying ltutlcr 
Bcnlcnire of d'ittb, and had received llie Ite 
grnt * signature n few Injure previously. The 
exeKke of tl|i» IMWl royal of all the preroga- 
tives of the crown— uanndv. that of “ merry 
ami gram" — on tire (W Friday of every 
year time* lurk to the commencement of the 
sixteenth ceritury Flaring lii» band ii|stn 
th<? tltreuinenl*. the cardinal, in aeoirdnnev 
with the traditional custom of tire Spanish 
court. a<ldrt>Mtcd lire tjurca us follows : 

■ A-Hum. docs your Majesty grant pnrdou 
to there crtiiiiiial*!'' 

With a tender and affecllottate gUiree at 
lire little boy by bar side, whore tmnd wa* 
clasped in heia, she rejdietl : •' la the lismu 
of the King, toy ton, I pardon llime prison 
ere. a* 1 look In God lo grant lln partlou ami 
mercy tout Amaa.” 

Tl>« ctiTdiiutl thereupon took the gulden 
salver on which the seven roll* of nnrehment 
were* laid and placed it upon the liigli altar, 
nml after u abort prayer pronounced the lwitr- 
dic-UuM. Tire eerwnouv wa* then brought 
to a rlose liy the s-ntdliutr* delivery of lire, 
imrdous to iiic Minister of Justice, who, with 
the- gold (inbrtsideriw of Id* uniform and 
hi* award hill shrouded with crane— court 
nrearidng being wt«ru on G<H>d-rrhUy foe 
the ilnvth of Christ — Blepprd forward to re- 
celve them- 

Tire little King In whose name thi* act of 
clemeiw:r was performed will be Uve year* 
old on Msy I7ih next, and t? a bright and 
clever little fellow, rcmnrkiihly nrecncbui* for 
hi* airt'. anil with a strongly developed ten- 
tlency to mischief. Thi*. ih view of the strin- 
gent etiquette which prevail* al lire court of 
Madrid, is decidedly cmhurrassiDg. For the 
mem Iter* of tire royal houreltuhl are ol.dtiRsI 
to steer clear tietween thrir duty, on tbc one 
I tand. of keeping Ure diihl rail uf scrape* and 
of preserving bim from all barm, and tin? nc 
ctwlty, >tn the other liainl. oT avoiding ever,V- 
thiiig littl riileht be ciuistrussl a* Irsc nuijcxlc, 
or us lending lo inquir tbc dignity uf Ilia 
Most (’athulic Majesty. Thus an unfortunate 
fool tit mi who had mi Un? spur of tire moment 
put out his amts nmi enught tire King orre 
day wlieli the little b-llow bud uip|ml up and 
wii>> kImsiil to tumble headlong <lown stair*, 
n us dismissed flout III* post fur having dared 
tu touch, and llrerehy coiitatniuattf, with his 
plebeian hands lit*- sucred person of the 
l.urd'a iiiKilulcvl. True, the Rcgctit. who Is 
a M-nsihle woman, and a mother lief ore a 
(j uce ii. generously rcwanJcil tire man for hU 
presence of mind with n considerable sum of 
iDiuicy, and appointed him game-keeper «n 
one ilf tin? royal estate*. Hut not <-ven she 
rouUl save him from the tew of bis place a* 
footman at the palace, his offence twtttg con- 
hidered by etiquette Ik-udiI dignilnrio* of Ure 
court as far too serteu* tu permit of bts ra- 
u-ntiun un a member of Ure King's house 
hold. 

The unroloteH current idmut little bon Al- 
fou-u? nil' -imply innunremlde, ami appealing 
a* they do to every mother's heart, go far 
lownnl increasing the popularity uf tire throne 
throughout Suaih. 

He i- *'X«is’dingiy frank nml unrestrained 
In tire expreariott of hi- opinhma, cjareially 
wire ii they cotiwma Um? pereonal nj?poaran« 
of lii* iM'gr-*; and nlthough I'xlreinely dla- 
coiwM-rting in the parties immediately con- 
cerned. th*v constitute n source uf delight to 
cvcrviiody tlw It was only with Ure great- 
cm diffioihy i log hi* norther was ul>k? lo im- 
pra-sa upou hiin Ure neressiiy of ubstiutilng 
frmn iimkluc remarks of this elm meter in an 
midihte lone of voice at church. Her ad- 
monishment-. however, txiK? uucx|iected 
fruit, The King manifestly took it for grant- 
ed timi the ir-trur-lions tu remain quiet and 
silent during divine service applied to others 
us well as lo lilmrelf; for sliortly afterward, 
when the royal family and tlic court attend- 
ed mas* in stale at tire Attoclia t’liurrh. little 
Don A Ihtn-i suddenly in letruptnl ll»- preach- 
er in tire midst of >uw of bis most im passu su- 
ed iuid eh»|H' i*t ]M?«uatiiniB by cuuimafidipg 
Inin, iu a shrill and piping tone of voice, to 
Ire still, and not to make " such a ooisc in 
churdi ' 

Alfoaao XIUL will remain on record aa the 


only monnrch in the history of the world 
wbu ha* Ireen a King from lire very inoineat 
of his trtrtii. Tire Utter took place -svcrul 
month* after the dent It of hi- father. udiI pre- 
decessor on tire lliri'ire. mid llieciicnm-umce* 
by which it was surruunilvil wen- of u char- 
nrtev to inspire interest mid sytwjauby fm tire 
child. The iutvresl iu the wclfnn? of the lit- 
tle fellow, a- well ns In that of the utlier 
child rnonarrh. the ten Veor-uhl Queen Wll- 
Itelmina of Ure Nvtlierlatiil*, is of uu ordi- 
nary nature For the fate of millions of fel 
Ion -creslurv* dejreod* upon their lives. The 
dealb of cither the one or tbc other would 
Inevitably Ire followed bv a revolution iu 
tlM?ir dominions. PafUdUarly would thi* la? 
tlic cnee in H'dlabd. For tire next heir to 
lire throne »* the reigning Gland DuclieM of 
Saxe- Weimar, whusc husltauil ami grown up 
sou* an- Fma-ian to the very core, mu] 
among the most trusted officers of Fmjiclur 
AVilliam Varmy. Their cetntill-liiiieiii at the 
Hague would involve the praclirul nltvrp 
linn of ilollaml by the Gernutu Kmpire 
Tbb, however, tire Ilutrh uu* determini-il al 
all vuaU to prevent. They are loo Jmlone 
uf their independence c-vrv to -ubinil there? 
lo, all tlio more a* Urey radizi? tltat it would 
result in the loo* of their eminence ax one of 
Ure principal trading power* of the world. 
It is therefore rad a Iraie men? loyally and 
aympathy. but also vital craihldcratliiux of 
maUfiul llitt-n-t, Which invest with »ur-h fci 
vor lire pray cm that arr daily offeretl up in 
the churclw-* of Hollnud rihI Spain for list? 
wifely of little Qvoen Willteltitina and fire 
timt of little King Alfonso. F C. O. 


THE ACADEMY EXHIBITION. 

Tiik elxty-wvth annual exhibition of the 
National Academy of Design contain* five 
hundred and thirty-eight works, a samewliat 
smaller number than usual, hut tire wall* of 
lire four galleries anil lire corridor an* well 
filled, and in not a few panels then' i* »ky 
iug " of Uie loftiest unter. Tire work* on thi? 
1int> an* not in all cases the heal ones in the 
allow by any means, aud some cxis-llent pic- 
ture* arc phuvsl over doors and ia uul-ol tire- 
way places where they ran bin illy hr s r-ii 
Tliero is link? that approaches syiunretrv in 
tlM! bunging, and Ibi? grirernl asp»it oft he 
wall* Is lacking in re | »•??>- oral dignity. How- 
ovrr, the hnngiDg camnijitrc? has prut wtilv 
doue quite a* well a- cull Id la? expected with 
llK? mnlerinl they lead to make UM? of Arad 
t-mv hanging committees are not nlwny* free 
to pui laid picture* where tlrey will do Ure 
least harm, nor to give the brat plan-* to what 
tlrey nay think *rv the best works There 
are tradition* and riglita lo bl: respected, and 
they interfere sadly soinrlitne* with tie-tc- 
ful hanging ll Ini* always is-eil so, ami it 
will no iloulrt continue to la? so, and wc enn 
only h* lliankful when the result uf phtciug 
pictures under such comtilinn* is not nltu- 
gi-ther tawdry and unsatisfying. If, in the 
preaeut exhibition, nfter wc have recovered 
from the shock that the IncoogruiHii mixing 
up of giMid and Ixwi jirodoow at lire flr-l 
glance at the wall*, wc take jwltis to look at 
Ure ivutrasca. curb liy il«?lf, we Until lie re- 
warded by finding much that I* Worth look- 
ing at twice. Mime tiling* that it will do its 
good to study carefully, and nut u few tiu.t 


-87 

will affoni ns real delight. Much of the |k-m 
w»irk timi our palutera and aesilplors p ro 
diinc in the year’s tin u? t* rent t*> the sprimr 
pxliibilinn at llu- Aeadeiny. aini *" >pits? of 
foult-finditig and luirsh crtticixnt on the p.rt 
uf tilirsc who have Iweii di«up|s*iult , l in tine 
way or another, it U certainly true that if >- r 
wruit to know what bus lievn the progn-ta 
made In name art tn llie twelventwili, we 
canuut iifTonl to uiim sreing lire exliibil ion nt 
Uie nldrst uf «ur art liiHtimilnnN. This year 
we sliall fiinl agonl deni that JitiW* that pro 
sresa lioa been uuute in *>inre direction*, and 
in nn rw mop- murkeiily tlwn iu tlic fi.-U| 
enlletl “figure paiiiliog. " 

(staving iifhw for the moment c««»-istei # 
lion »f lire large mini Iter of excellent p,, r 
trait- In iln- i.'XhiMtlun, nanl taking up ih»> 
genre anti imaginative rosnpaailiofi*. We tiinj 
first a large tunva- by Thunias Hovnndca 
enlletl ' llimking lilt- llrani? Tres." X<>. J{|, 
huug in a prom incut pines' in the large South 
Uxllrry. that is Ix-ttt-r Ibnn any oilier picture 
ibis well know n (talnter has exhibited limit's- 
js'ih.ips it la- hi* “In Ilia? Hignn Vince*. ' * 
eom(Hi*iliun depicting a -ct-ne ill tfl<- war in 
l.a Vdi'b'w. tltat Ire lHTotigbi with him t» New 
York when lie came here from Furls ten 
years »got,!iivil I* such a gi»nl picture. taken 
altngrihcr, that it fully deserve* to be men- 
Untied niuotir lire very boat can va*** in the 
exhibition, mid a* one of Uie best scene* of 
American life yet painted by anybody. The 
ininpithitiun contain* seven figures effective- 
ly placed, with a country Uiy about lewving 
home ami hi* mother im Ure central primp 
The Isiy U excellent in character, slid the 
mother almost if not quite as gtsod. The 
other figure* are prominent rnotigh to give 
tlic prrqa-r interest that la-long* tn them, but 
not obtrusive or disturbing. Tbc cativna i* 
remarkably well “hcM together,'' and paint 
eil with inueb hrt-adlh, und u strong wrist? nf 
color. 

Mr Mowbray* picture, "Dancing Girl.'* 
No IKJ. i* about as different from Mr Ho 
Vi'tidi'it'* lumtely iuterior ns anything could 
well be The danting gbl. *l»w moving and 
gnus ful. cUil in tbiu drapt?rie* of gnenish 
hue. with a soft »x-li uf red. la Ure rentral 
figure in nc<int|Mwition that shows nn Orient- 
al n|HtrtmeDt. with a unrulier of wram-u re- 
clining on a Isriatsi divan. The dancing girl 
Mantis by herself in tbc foreground. The 
acor-Mtfte* in tliis picture are rich and luxu- 
rious. anti they are* painted with infinite rlev 
erne* Mr, Mowbray is a finish'd draughts 
man. nud hi? has mrelv done better than in 
lid- charming figure of tire dancing girt and 
throe nf her companion*, who are Iil/jI v look- 
ing un. The nk’ture is haruioateus and deli 
calc in It* color scheme, and ia one n( Ure 
must delightful cun vane* the artist Im* yet 
produced in n scries nf work* with ximitar 
subjeel* Unit have made for him a rrputntinn 
as one uf the in at? I Utietilt?tl of American 
paintcra. 

Not far from this pretty picture is hung 
a work rolled “Winter Morning in a flam 
Yard." No, IIXj, hy Cluiin t.-. Curran, 
that depict* n fsmilisr scpdc in American 
country lire with much truth of oluerva- 
tion. A woman in a blue dress* «ilb a 
plaid shawl alrout her sliotiMers. is kneel- 
ing in llie snow, with a pan of corn in 
1 m?i- hand la attract the fowls that are march- 
ing about with gingerly tread, and beside 



Till SOCIAL HALL ttuLL* ULT A!J TIIK NATfo.XAL BALL COH£S IN. 


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HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXX V„ NO. 1701- 


tbe straw suck near by, where 
a white cow is standing, a farm 
hand la lurking fodder over the 
fence for the stock. There is a 
•harp chill well rendered in the 
atmosphere, and the accent of lo- 
cal truth is very well brought nut. 
The picture ia painted in a high 
key; though not distinguished In 
color, It l* not withmit quality, 
and it is not forced. It is good in 
drawing. *ixl painted eery cleverly. 

"A Vision of Mouorlw," No. 
1111. by Kenyon Cox— no imagina- 
tive work, iu which there »n nude 
female figure very graceful in line, 
anil another figure. Unit of a man 
awakening from a dream and 
dazed by the apparition before 
him. who Is rugged and sturdy by 
contrast— is ambitious In intention 
and successfully realized. In col- 
or the picture is nulably good, ami 
It U Interesting to see that the 
painter hu* uwd for Ills landscape 
a distinctively American motive, 
which he has iidnptcd with nrlftlic 
appreciation of Hie M*ds of nn ap 
pmpriste netting for the nude fig- 
ures 

” Fortune and the Boy,”Xo. 118, 
by Henry «► Walker, a charming 
picture in wbieb the nude Istrent- 
td with refinement, excellent in 
drawing, though a trifle dull in 
color; ,, Tln» Three Ulsters." No. 
2114. hv Edmund ('. Turbell. n real- 
istic outdoor study of three young 
Indies in summer gowns seated iu 
a garden, very well painted, nnd 
exceedingly good in color nnd 
values: “ Twilight." No. 228, by 
Frank W. Henson, a charming pic- 
ture of two young Isdica— Iho one 
in hlnck and the oilier in while — 
In an Interior In which tho light 
come* from a lamp screened by a 

I tiece of music on a stand on the 
eft. and from the fading day out- 
side on the right, painted with a 
great deal of knowledge aud a con- 
siderable amount of nrtlstic feel- 
ing. n cleverly handled figure of 
an old mnn giving a hitn to rat to 
a cat— "Good FricDils.-No 4H9- 
by Francis C. Jones: "A Girl in 
Slack," No. 101. and "A Girl in 
Roe«” — out-of-doors study— No. 
143. by Will II. Low. the first a* 
delicti© and tender in its way as 
the second is truthful and reu I la- 
tte ; and a canvas of large size that 
w us exhibited iu the Salon, and i« 



WINTER MUHNINO IN A BAltN. YARD.— Flow tns Panmno ar Cruan* C. Cnaaa*. AKA. 


Cbnrk-8 8. Reinhart, a saber, well- 
considered, and thoroughly com- 
petent picture — nre among tlx; oth- 
er important works by |»iut< re of 
tlx. 1 figure that ore especially worth 
choosing for not lev among thecon- 
sxlerable number of pictun.-a of 
their class Iu the exhibition. 

Tl»e display in llm galleries of 
the academy Is, even mure than 
UMial, mnurkiiht© for grind por- 
traits. and it seems. that' w halcrcr 
may Ur the average of tho other 
work, the best things * 
in portraiture nre to is 
Certainly Mr. Sargent's lieauliful 
picture of a young Indy In a pink 
gown will* gray ribbons," Portrait," 
No. 230. is niming llw* l>c*t tiling* 
tills must able [ininlrr bns yet 
shown in New York ; awl the 
" Portrait," No. by tlx; same 
artist, is ns life- like as it la real lu 
the pmenlution of a man ns oth- 
era *re him in dully life; mid Mr. 
YIuIod's excellent portrait of a 
liuiy. No. 102; Mr. Beckwith'# 
" Portrait of Mrs. A. P. F.," No. 
108. very linly like In as|wct. noil 
very well drawn and modelled; 
Mr. Chase's vigorous likeness of a 
well known nrtist; Mr. lllashfield's 
fine picture of a lady iu a white 

S nn, "Portrait. ’ No. 184; Mr. 

RUigne'a brilliant rendering of 
a young man in a studio light, 
*• Portrait," No. 454; nnd Mr. Col- 
tins'* two pirtun* (the oimi of a 
gentleman. No 2H5.iiud the other 
of a lady in a blue gown. No. 46*) 
—attest the geoeral excellence of 
the representation in tbU Itraoch 
of the art of (whiling. When we 
have addrd that there are excel- 
lent landscapes by Charles A. 11*11, 
D. W. Trvnn, II, liol inn Jones, It 
M. 8huf.ii Of, (bulks H. llavdea, 
K. W. Van Itoskrrch, J. Francis 
Murphy, Alexander Harrison, aDd 
others equally well known, mxl 
that so furas sculpture— somewhat 
neglected, it is true, but always ns 
well seen ut the Academy as any- 
where else — there ar ’ * *“ 
by Ollu 8. Warner a 
ley. a fnir idea of the exhibition 
may be obtained, even though wo 
have not space to mention other 
things Cif interest. 

William A. Coma. 



DANCING GIRL— Fs»a t»i r>m»t »« U. 5im».«* llunui. AHA. 

THE SIXTY SIXTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN. 


Digitized by Google 


TOIL 1*. '*»! 


H ARPER'S WEEKLY. 


291 



The Pkisceton nine has shown fine form 
■ he game* played linn f.ir.und til*- team it 
xnTlcally Bellied upon. If Knickcrliocker 
. short would bmre up a till, tin- In field 
ould be difficult 10 Improve, A* it in, in 
re gnmi* in which hr lint been teen here, 
ireveral tmil error* have burn made, llrokuw 
Inu not tli ii* far shown n* well Miind llie 
I ml at he di«l last year. though be Im* jcreat- 
ly Improved in throwing lo second. Young 
appear* lo buve picked up the line* jiui 
whet* Im> left tlrem at the end <if lual season, 
nnd bat Ireen pitching in hi* oM-timc form. 
Drake. not of tint change pitcher* aeen wver 
ul limn*. inis fairopeed.and gets a good curve 
oil to the hall, but t* i nr I i mil lo be wild, and 
lone* bis I trail with men on the taws** Ber- 
gen promises well, and bn* shown excellent 
control of Ihe ball on Hie home ground*, 
though iii (be game* here In* baa been wild; 
be biun t very mnrb spe-rd DlUItt. 00 Aral. 
i« coming into bin old form rapidly; lie L* 
unequalled in thi* position in Ike nmuteur 
Arid. Dnrell. on aerond. tint hero |tbivlrig a 
very g«**l game, ami improved grrntly in 
getting I be ball tui Hie runner lie field* ex- 
ceptionally well. King. Ike fool-ball half 
back, bits Viren tilling third Iwae wcll.in goral 
shape, and will make n rrconl for himself 
before Hie snx«m is out. In Wright at mum 
Geld. Prlutebm ha* a player who will fill tire 

C ltion with credit. Some of llir throws be 
made from the Arid have t<rm parliru 
larly noteworthy. Payne mid Drown. lire 
other fielder*. have not I tail enough to do 
thus far to form an opinion of their work. 

Os rrm.re norm ao far, the halting of the 
Irani doea not np|mtr in tic a* strong ns It wn* 
last Henson. though it in, or coarse. early to 
judge, tin the other baud. Improvement Is 
shown in base running, which last year wn* 
a weak point. There remnina room for still 
grcnlcr advancement, however. especially in 
eliding. There is not enough dash in the slide; 
must of the nM'ti net a* though nfraid of it. 
consequently are slow, and fall lo gel that 
dive without which tile plus’ Is of little value. 
King. Dana. nnd Durrlt slide the Inure* in 
proper slia|a'; the llrst being especially dur- 
ing The strongest feature of the nine is it* 
excellent team-work; the hacking uli play of 
the men Mug very good. Wright .King, ami 
Drake are the only new men on the lentil. If 
Captain Jlnnn is wise, be will Ire lireaking in 
htliil sulMililutr rutrher during these evhibi 
tion games. None h«* yet l*ecn seen, nnd if 
imyihiDg should happen to BrolMW.il would 
nilter eiutwirasa I bo loam'* prospects. Ho 
will have his Isanti* full lo keep bU team 
from deteriorating. 

Talk's kvhmiitiok oame wltli ilse Man- 
Italian Athletic C'lnl> team wo* surli n walk 
over for tlir blue Hint no very accurate t-Mi 
male could tie gained of the nitre's strength. 
Bower* sboweil up well, and would prolmldr 
have done »o against stronger latlamen Jack- 
»on. wlio u a* substitute catcher last year, 
was behind the bat, and made n pleasing im- 
pression. though be nppeitrs to lie a little weak 
cm low bail*. Stewart is making n good tlrst. 
although I >e i* not strong at the bat. nnd lark* 
the steadiness of (be veteran. He will work 
out of tlsnt, however, Harvey, who played 
aeeood in Calhoun's absence, tnlxtred nil the 
easy hall* that came Id* way. Ihii captured 
the difficult ones, showing, in my judgment, 
aliilily and onnriroMieo* lie I* like* Ise weak 
at the bat. Owsley will probably piny third, 
though the niur has not yet been made Up, 
and several changes nre contemplated. In 
the new men- Kedzie. Case. Pramhacli, Kv 
ana. and Parker— there i‘ not a great ileal of 
encouraging material, nnd it look* as though 
Calhoun would have the most difficult task 
of the college captain*. L'ulets* tnulition* 
fall, however, lie will lie equal to It. Case 
appear* to lie tire most promising, lie Imt* 
well, travel* the bases fairly, but is a alow 
fiekler ami Inexperienced, K«ir.ie is weak 
at the bat, a slow tmae runner, but u fnir Held 
er. The other three nre all weak at the tret 
ami unsteady, though Evans i* n very fair 
fielder. Cushing. Murphy, and Med iii lock 
are veterans who will stand Captnin Cnlhoun 
well in hand lieforu llie aeaaou U over. 

* 

The u ake-CT ok Harvard's sixr.h nlxuit 
determined, and the team Im* U'en doing 
tone very excellent work in the post woek. 
On jmhllc form tbu* fnr. Harvard U in ad 
vanoe of Yale, and quite up to Princeton'* 
lre«t strewing. Dean bn* rrrtninlv brought 
hi* men around in excellent cnndlllon. nnd 
thown grml jndgmrnt in tilling the position*. 
Dickinson ami Frol bin irliaui. a* mutter* look 
now. arc likely to rill two of the Held po*i- 
twin*, with a tires iip between Ilnltowrll nnd 
Curlwlt for the other. The team ti«*t* bot- 
ter*. and a* the latter is hut an indifferent 
one. lie 1* likely to lose the position on that 
account, Iliili-uvell I* improving on fielding 
ground balls, which w«* hi* weak |Hiinl- 
Cook I* doing fairly well on tldrel, mid ha* 
a very fair chance of getting tire position, 
Alwnrd nnd Mason, the two old me n, nre n|i- 
jwrently i»ot in it this year. The fact that 
the train hi* improved in grneml excellence 
sufficiently to drop two of U»t year's men ati- 
gun well for Harvard's prospect*. I*uk for 
the btise slid lug. ('aptain Dean, and drill your 
turn thoroughly in team work. Mptrklly in 


barking up plajra. You have a great chance 

this y**r. 

Wnir.K Tlx ItASK IULI. TEAMS «t PritUV- 
tun, Yale. and IlHrv*rel are naturally nurari- 
ii,; tile grrntrst amount of attention, there 
are many keeping an eye on the triangular 
league rompcHcri of Amherst. Dartmouth, 
atvd Williams. 1 am diapnaed to give more 
than n pnsdug glance in this direction, for 
there are certain to lie some very dim and 
liaid-fonglit gnmr* between litem, and they 
are sure to make ll highly Interesting for 
the other college nine* played, not even cx- 
tepiing the three acknowledged lenders. 
TI»o question of Hmi championship is. of 
course, the all ■ nlmorbing one. 

AmiKitKT »*xi'ur.l) THE FBCRAIIT last sen 
son after much ban! work and some very 
close contests. Only two of last year's 
champion* — Lacey (first insefand nurn*(*ec- 
oml base) — ure not now in college, hut they 
have left pnaltUms vtvy difficult to rill, though 
Brown, !rj, anil Steams, 'M. caplaiu of LaM 
year s Andover nine, are two experienced 
ami very worthy cnmlidatcs. There is also 
Mime raw material on hand for these posi- 
tion* and the out field, but in the latter case, 
with the exception of ('buney. 'W, wbo played 
out -lie Id on Andover's ♦0 team, tire men of 
lost year will probably Ire seen this. Of the 
in (Uhl Huh* m-ed Is) said. Captain Rulllvan 
will pmlxably pluv thinl hose , short slop 
Taylor I* nguin In college, and the old bat- 
tery, Hare and Hunt. 1» trsiuing hard. With 
this veteran m uteri* I Amherst lux* an excel 
lent chnnre of rt'tnining lire cbamplonslilp 
The season will open Muy flUt at AmhersL 

Both D.vutmoi th aki* Wii.i.iams. how- 
ever. though Iregiunlng with proxpeels le*re 
encouraging, may tre r*iuntrd upon In bring 
out good nine* that wilt right It to the very 
end. At Hanover, Captain John Abbott, 
111. will have considerable new material lo 
develop, especially for the tmltery Lust 
year the pitching was not so strong as the 
balance of Ibe team's work, nnd It ahnuld 
Ire much improved. Dartmouth'* gTealcst 
lo** I* behind the imt; Jutrere and Kxnttey 
were lx>i It good, IkiI the latter was one of ll>n 
lre*t caldwra tire college ever bml — a fad 
which wi>! Ire rewliHnl la-fore hi* place l* fill- 
'd. The In field is considerably weakened by 
tire loss of mreJt men as Gault, Norton, and 
I hr w ns. Imt Ibe new material may Ire relied 
on for rroditablr work ami faithful train- 
ing. The out-rield is composed entirely of 
new recntUa, as I*, in fact, the entire team, 
with Uic except hm of raplaia Abbot l. 
Tlinmpson, and HhurtlcfT. Of tire Wttcry It 
is difficult to speak at this writing, last year 
ShurllefT was developed by Ranncy on very 
short notice, anil it may Ire a dark horso 
I* Mug coached Hu* season. Serulon is 
again able to play, soil if Ire train* hard, 
should show up l>> advantage in the pitcher’* 

box, 

At Wn.t.mtvmw* the mex arc under a 
careful and c.mqrelent cnpinin, and sliotlUl 
make a good showing when tire season is 
under way. Spalding, last year’s pltdrer, is 
yet in college, n* ure also Arthur, Luce, 
Street, Davie*, duett, Mnpes, llullkstcr, 
McKean, utid Manning, hence there apis- -are 
to Ire little re* ton why Captain llirfcllkis* 
should not bring mil u’ formidable team.es- 
prcially a* he luis the A«u*tnnc« of Clarke, 
'{ft*, as couch. The exluliitiiin given bv the 
team In this vicinity in the past week, how- 
ever, wn* not up lo expectation*. Rpulding 
was virevdy. but wild; while Richmond on 
third laisc left much to he desired Mnpc* 
Iii rlglil tie Id tins coitxidcrablu grit, and ln«I 
fnr everything. By far liter bed fielding on 
Use team WOA by Howard, who plajwl second 
liosc; Ire lias grit and qnlcknew i , nnd nbl) re- 
pliu-es Duryee, who plnycd thcro in '83. 
llollistcr wn* not at Ida best. 

The Hartard-Tauc Ot a m u iT U W on the 
University (’up last week grew nwuor a def 
luitc and llual oeRlcment while we were on 
the press A very wise provision wax made 
regarding the location of the game*, it being 
decided to allow each university Ure choice 
in it* year The inter-coUeglatv programme 
of events was accepted with tire exception 
of the tug-of-war. Game* ooamltteea were 
iippoiuled, and Mav lOUi, at Cambridge, set- 
tled upon. Tire Hsivurd Athletic Amocia- 
liim Ire* yet to make it* formal lu-ccpt- 
stirre. hut there is little likelihood of its not 
doing ao, From Ure pnwcnl outlook, Yale 
will not enphire many of lire erenta, while 
the value of Harvard MpidU-y of a large team 
will he fully demonstrated, This cup will 
do h good work at New Haven, for truck 
utldeticM need stirring up there. 

Tine TRTAXr.tT.AR BOAT RACE between the 
crew* of < '••lurnhin. University of IVnnNyl- 
vania. nnd Coniell will be |n»rtieularly inter- 
esting ibi* year hy reason of Columbia'* 

( Hitting out a good strong crew, nnd one 
orrool <m dUTerent line* from thow that 
have heretofore governed. Whatever the 
right men accomplish. Captain Metcalfe is to 
be cotigralulaltd nn the g- kmI reuse that hn* 
dominated Id* polk-y l’ util thi* year it hn* 
invariably Itcrn the custom at Cohimlda to 
begin the training re-nsou with tut niqteal lo 
all the crock oar* in the collrgr. nnd to rr-ly 
uixin the deMillory and half Irearted reippoix 
of tlre*e shtilvrd star* for material. The re- 
Ktill is familiar to all Columbia men. That 
year no* a "star" Ires been requested to row; 


iu fact, no man lias been button holed and 
dragged into the toat-lioute. The conn.- 
queucc is thst oindiduic* have been actua- 
ud by tho Impulse which makes wiimera. 
Their heart lias been in tho work, and tire re- 
sult to-day I* at least encouraging. 

The CANbiitxTtca have deer pretty well 
wredrd out, nnd the ciew with one or two e.\ 
ceptions. is pruclirally rettled upon MeKer. 
stroke, i* a IM ntan. ami *»> likewise stroke 
of tire Freahinsn crew which defeated Har- 
vard. He rows In good form, and while be 
ing nothing extraordinary a* a stroke Is u 
tlr*t class, substantial r*r Camp b a new 
man in eollege. aimI likewise in rowing, for 
lie never pulled an ixir before. He plnycd 
fnn|-ludl lost reason. D it well-built. Mn'oig 
fellow, lull not yet up to the desired form in 
lire host. Indeed, it L nn unusiinl mmi who 
get* into varsity form in the first year. 
Prim wax on tire victorious ttil crew with 
McKee, lie lias nut been well, anil therefore 
Inst coB«|derable work, though now rowing 
regularly. He is a strong oarsman, rows in 
good form, amt a gieul iiddiil-in to Ure boat. 
Chrystie, '92 rowed in hi* Freshman crew, 
and trained for tire varsity I, Ad year. He i* 
captain of the vnraitv foot- lull eleven, and 
Inst year made a good rod rush. He row* in 
good form, b haray. and ha* rilenty of sand: 
hut it i* n question if he ho* lierf enough to 
carry him through a hard race. 

Captain Mktcai.ee .sever rowed on a 
varsity crew b-fore this year, Ixil wn* a sub- 
Elllute nn the «l crew, and would have been 
on l*"t year * varsity bad one materialized, 
lie wn* in his Freshman hnat, atul ho* been 
prominent In sport ever since he entered 
college. Inst year playing foot ball He I* a 

m*I captain, and rows in excellent fonu. 

ay and Giguoux oro Ixitli new men. row In 
fairly good form, and nre verv strong. B, 
Taiuinr is another light man. «1 jo {* not sure 
of a seat on iliat MXMMint ; he row* In fair 
form, and was in Iii* dare crew last year 
Oakes, Imw, had a seat In the W Isookt. ’ HI* 
form leaves murli room for improvement; 
Ire i* very strong, however, has played on the 
fi.ot-lsdt eleven, and b prolsihly llii- l*-st man 
among the candnlau - for Ills mialtioit. Tak- 
ing tire crew n* a whole, it u innilc up of 
material above itii avenige.Mnwxrt and painv 
taking. The men arc now on Ure river regu- 
larly under ooarli Mellen. who l* ti-arhing 
them a new stroke. The Mellen Idea I- to 
Imvc the men shoot out tlu-ir hnmLx licfore. 
Urey go forward with their bodies. There 
an: ways and yet again way* of shooting nut 
Ure hand*, and wc will ie*iraln criticism un- 
til we have hod a look at the crew. 

Tint IT. OK I*. CREW rtxniDATK* I ‘.a VC 
Ucn cut down to elevea or l gionllr thirty 
two men were trying for rent* — F. Ilnni'is Et. 
Kills Harrow, W'H Wmignmu, M. I- Harsh- 
inger, IV f Ruff, J. II Burhmnn. 4 W. 
Atlanw. (’ K Snyder ll W Green, It.P.Grif 
flih. J W Jerome. Tlrere row on tire river 
regularly twice • day. Tlreir weight and 
work exeseds that of any former crew, 
while the average ngr is leas, and wlren final- 
ly made up, the eiglit will Ire a decided im- 
provement over previous years Hancock. 
WliO has been stroking. Is only nineteen year* 
of age. and nn that iirrcmnt it is somewlmt 
doubtful if he will Is- finally chosen. A 
hard three mile poll is a severe Mm In for a 
nineteen-year old Ixiy, nnd it is one of the 
matter* that should have the nllenlinn of 
faculties, and those athletic committees that 
make Uremoelve* »o numerou* in other af- 
fairs not nearly so important. 

It is a BAD coincidence that two college 
athletes should in the post four weeks have 
lost their lives hy drowning— Henry Lnmnr, 
and hut week | Monday I. Adellrert Shaw, It 
is curious that nren so rilled physically to 
suslnin lire severest struggle should have 
succumbed inexplicably The amilent 
on the t.'harir* furnislres food for seriou* 
consideratlou. Whether tliis poor fellow lost 
Id- life from a cramp, because lie cxiuld not 
swim, or through living held in l»y tire toe 
slru|w when hi- Midi upset, will 'jrodmhly 
nevrr he known. But the fact dues remain, 
without any special reference to this case, 
that not sufficient precaution 1* token gen- 
ernlly in providing against such grievous 
occurrence*. We examine men in going Into 
lire gymnasium for physical defects, weak 
heart*, etc., when not one man in live bun 
dred will work hard enough to hurt himself, 
but we allow tha same inrn lo nclnallr lake 
tlreir lives in tlreir hand* by venturing on tire 
water utterly helpless in m*c of nreiiient. 
No man should lie permitted to row unless 
lie cun swim. With tire first rudiment.* of 
rnwiilg.be should Ire warned ugninsl buckling 
down the toe strap too tight. The Ure strap 
lias been the cause of many an accident, some 
of litem fatal 

The Sea warm aka Yacht Ci.ftt members 
failed to agree IiihI week on the proposed 
amendment, to lire rule regarding giving way 
In cose* t.f overlap when passing mark* by 
inserting provided bI»c can do so without 
tacking nr throwing herself into lire wind " 
At first glance lire rejected clause would ap- 
pear n worth v additUHi, for it does vntail a 
tmrrendona iliuwlvanUgp on the. sav. lending 
and outside yacht to be compelksl lo lurk or 
throw herself into lire wind, to allow the lo- 
sidc bout r>s>m lo (mi** rh-sr of the mark, 
merely lrecnu*e of a slight overlap. Careful 
reading uf the Seawanbiiku racing rules, how- 


ever. show* nn overlap defined to be " when 
an overtaking vocht A<u n a f vrtgrr free thnirt 
(Ml uhu-A » U* sir will ;**«/. ' Therefore, If 1 1re 
overtaking yacht has no longer a free chois-c 
on which shle of the overtaken yacht *lre 
will pa**, ansi yet if. under Becunii 3 of tire 
sarin- Beawatthaka rule, she is l»ucd, as lire 
overtaking yacht, to keep dear of tire yacht 
which U being overtaken, it would follow 
tliat — admitting lire two beats wctb about lo 
put* a murk, and the inside yacht was the 
overtaking one. and the outside yacht could 
not give the overtaking yacht room to pass 
without Irer-relf tucking or tlironiug benrelf 
into the wind— it wosild follow, I repeat, that 
tire outside yacht could force Ure iu*ide yacht 
upon tire hfloy. thereby disqualifying her 
from wiuuiiig the rare , or else, if the over 
taking yacht, the Inside one in the cate we 
ate suppling, refused tn Ite forced ou the 
iHiuy, an instant cullbkm would lie the inevi 
table resulL 

The s.xit.tNo uEe.r i.xTH -ns promulgatad 
by the Yur-hl During Association iu Eng- 
land, and in nre lit all ike club* there, ss well 
»* ill the Corintiiiriu Yuclil Club of New 
York, dispute of all the qiK-Uoii* by the ful- 
lowing, which bu* lieeu found in pructire to 
Ire fair am) efficient ; 



It MHitrr aitrar tlist what I have said 
alsHil the overtaking varlil being Lured no 
tire buoy and dlsipialifled i* covered by Sea 
wsnbuka rule 23. ' Tlia! the hoot should Hot 
Ire disqualified if wrongfully rximtrellcd to 
touch the mark by nnolbor yacht,* hut slnw 
ill the stipfHMvd ease she would not Ire t rroni/- 
tnltn comiM-iled, it remain* that die wotti<l 
be disqualmerl. 

Ok JtJfcT frrn. I«MI, 1Y. (’. Downs, then u 
student at Ilsrvuni. rati 440 yawl* on the 
Bciirtin I’nrk race track in 47| seconds. This 
was world's record lime, tire l*sl previous 
lreing 47f second*, mads- hr Wendell Baker, 
who was skso a student til Hurvanl when lie 
made the great record Mr, Downs received 
the cuugratulNtiou* <4 all tire official* at tlic 
conclusion of hU pcrformaDca, and no word 
wax hennl of n short course. The following 
day a link- band of disgruntled spirits, seeing 
an opportunity for some cheap notoriety, 
visited lleticoa Park, ami finding tin uuae- 
mHintcd for line drawn across the track, ami 
a RiyMeriotia noil'll cut in the fence alongside 
tire track, imnudlntcly, in tlreir wlwlom. de- 
clared the distance short. Tire matter natu 
rally caused a acnsotlott, the link' InukI play 
«*i Hs tune lou<l soil long, nnd the spare 
writing reporters Ion I a windfall Indectl. A 
curioua fact was tliat those who made tire 
biggest eommotlon bud the least knowledge 
on the suhjert. while the man wbo main 
laiued tire stouteM that the course run was 
short was almut a quarter of a mile distnut 
wlren Mr. Downs finished. L n»up|*jru*l 
diarg>*s. ridiculous figuring, and unbridled 
fancy have ls-cn in tum exploited by lire Lot 
ter Day Investigating Committee of Boston 
Some armoyan -e lias been caused lire llrconl 
Committee’ of lire A.A.l'.. nnd a few have 
barn uiiskxl by the smsnlion monger*; but 
the Instantaiiious plratograph token of 
Downs a* Ire finished, by J. <’, Hcmment, 
representing ll* at the lime, bus chufienged 
refutation and remains Intact, 


The crown ino act In this more riiihre 
was lire corroboration last week hy Hritiinctii 
of tire original photograph. On April fitu 
Montague CliambcrlalnfHneorder of Harvard 
University), N. G Oworge, Jun , O W. Prieat, 
Louis Page, (J. B. Mandull (of lire Boston 
JVuNsrripVt, John Grab ora, ami W.C. Downs 
went to lire llencnu Park track. Hcmment 
focunred Down on tire track at Ure start as 
shown In lire original pirtnre. While the 
track waa luring measured by these witness 
c*. Hetnmcnt went to the ftotsh, ilctcrmiiiing 
tire poxition of hi* earaera Inal July and tire 
llhrdi by focussing on permanent object* 
shown in the original picture. When the 
course bud tieen measured lire finish line 
was found to be ns claimed. Hemmcnt theu 
placed Downs precisely in the position he 
occupied in tire original, and the dislarue 
ws* found lo agree exactly with that shown 
and claimed In I Ire original, i c, Downs It I feet 
from the rararrx and 9 f«cl from the fluisli. 
Wlren them- Inst plcturea are developed, tlrey 
will prove that tire slnrt and finish of tbu! 
memorable race were* -MOyards a|»tt hy uci- 
tia) measurement, ami Inal Mr Downs is 
therefore entitled to bl« record of 4i|. It 
will likewise prove the little btiomlet uf the 
Latter Day Investigating Committee of Hu» 
ton a boomerang. 

At the Seventh Rudiment gawks. April 
4th. tire must noteworthy performance of the 
iu-shKir season wa* made hy A D. George, the 
distant,*- runner of the Miuilmtisn Athletic 
Club, slid a member tire Seventh- Duo 
tliog from scvatrli. he won Ure mile un a leu- 
lap track in 4 minutes .‘KtJ «ecoi*d*. A grand 
|M.-r(uituniKT ou hoards 


GLIMPSES OF AUSTRALIAN LIFE. 


BY GILBERT PARKER. 





r OW sbn II one sec Australia? This question has 


been answered often enough by men of culture, 
observation, and litemry (kill. But the point 


H l 

of on I look hux been, in many can-*, a nktro 
poliun city and the cheerful comfort which a 
club affords. A dinnrr at Government House. if the trav- 
eller i* well accredited, a run into the country for a couple 
of hundred miles, an excursion to the famou* Glpptlaud 
lakes and big-tree vallers, a picnic 00 the beautiful Jlawkr*- 
bury Hirer, a look at broken Hill perhaps, a glimpse of a 
sugar plantation, a trip to I lie Jeuohiu (.'are*, the exploration 
of Sydney Harbor— and tbo tiling is done. Hut it lias been 
done on the arc of a circle. Oue cuuuot get Into a railway 
train at some port ou the eastern coast of Australia and go 
arroas Uie continent, as one can iu America, touching cities 
all Uie way: nor. a* In Canada, fringing prosperous towns. 
The population of Australia is massed on the eastern and 
southeastern portion of the continent; and there is the con 
n-ntrulion of wealth and commercial force. But the sou ice 
of the wealth U not there, the influences really Austmlinn, 
nor the special charactcrisUra which may be recognized as 
peculiar to tbb Southern continent. The general wealth lias 
come chiefly from wool-growing. To mining is due a tre- 
mendous inqielus to settlement, momentary expansions of 
trade. k rennet* In exploration, and tome special wealth. It 
was Australia's great advertisement. Its radiation of attrac- 
tiveness. It has proved its partial blessing and ita accidental 


cle may appear a contradiction to lliia. let It here be set down 
that ibe reliability of the resources is attained by the process 
of average. One year is not the same as another on this con- 
tinent. nor one three years the aanre as another Uirec years. 
It is therefor- six years, or live years at least, on which esti- 
mation must be made. In the Land of tbc Golden Fleece. 
Ixws and Destruction and violent Misfortune have Success 
and Bountifulnesa bard al their heels, and in the great aver 
nge are overtaken by them. The source of the trouble* that 
Lsefiill the Australian squatter and ranchman is an uncertain 
rainfall. As far on settlement goes, one-third of Uie country', 
at least, is a desert, a No Moira Land aa yet. and sore peril* 
cotno as encroachment on that desert proceeds. To see A us 
India, therefore, one must leave the spots where Uie cluba 
and comforts are. and go into the heart of this Greater Brit- 
ain. It cannot be done in a day. These articles will have 
boon Uie outcome of four years' travel and responsible In- 
uuiry In Australia as the special cuminireioaer of the Sydney 
Morning IlrntM — tire Tim/* of tlret country. 

I shall try in thb first paper la make the readers of Har- 
per's Weekly see some things from which wo shall be able 
K> understand better Uie force of future articles. 

The best of Australia is In tire cast. There are the, large 
river*, and there the poasilile and profitable laud — Ibe land 
for tbo many. For it must appear that there is little profit 
to a country at large in the depasturing of 150,000 sheep on 
iaui square miles of land Along 1G00 mtlcs of tbo west half 
of Uie southern roast of Australia there is hut one harbor, 
aud Dot oue river flowing to the sea. There boo Mississippi, 
no Missouri, no Hudson, no sjt. Lawrence, nor any Lake 
Superior or Lake Michigan in the land. And fnr from the 
roast ia no great water shed. The rirer Darling, 70 feet 
deep one year, b a stream ou which a skiff could scarcely 
float the next The Warrogo, the Barcoo, the Mitchell, the 


she has given land pastoral mid product!' 
withheld rain. nr. ns often ns not. when sending it has 


cynically 

drowned 


r , llic gaping land, and submerged the town that but yesterday 

not a plateau, a vast and arid sponge that drinks up moisture feverishly was pray Ing for moisture The broad fringe of 
at a marvellous rate, and still ia thirsty. None of the riven, two-tliinis of the continent i* bountiful and blessed, though 
save the Darling or Murray, drain any considerable extent of even on this blessed margin tropical Bocals occur that over 
country. So far aa the eye of Ure explorer could see, there whelm plantations, wreck villages, ami destroy lives. Tire 
were no foundation* for empire. How empire b being wrung casual traveller docs not. as a rule, eitipbiwUe'theMi things, 
from oalure. like Hercules wrestling with Death, is history I'erhap* rightly, if he thinks it pienaantcr to write praise 
that is being written on the face of the land with tears and than history, to speak truly, but only, of a hospitable and 
auffertng— but written. In western Australia, where nature generally prosperous people; of nuturul vigor, of sanguine 
has pui her gold, she has sardonically refuted water; where effort, and of tuccusiful squatters and planters. Ho has boon 

in a station home- 
stead. but not in a 
selector's cabin; he 

1ms sojourned at a 

plantation bungalow, 
but not in a kangaroo 
hunter's bumpry ; he 
has vblted the bar- 
rack* of the station 
Land*, Inti he has not 
Inquired how many 
of them liod sunk 
their al) in abandon 
til homestead lenses 
and selections, or how 
misforluou battened 
oil them through 
their losses by flood 
anil drought aud 
niiues and fanning 
and wool-growing ou 
u small scale. 11c 
does not meet tire 
gentleman by birth 
and breeding kanga- 
roo hunting and rab- 
bit killing; he seeks 
not to set down how 
many sheep were ko«t 
in the last drought. or 
what ruin and des- 
olation the rabbits 
hare made; or how 
cattle and sheep, re 
disced by millions to 
starvation point, nre 
kept alive hr the 
leaves of the uiulgn 
and other edible 
. scrubs. The pictures 
tbut he could draw, 
having known aud 
seen these things, 
might not be plea- 


aant, hut they would Ire true Tlrey 
would rnuse people to stop mid inquire 
ere they held this Isml to Ire another Ca- 
naan. "A wealthy Australian " i* In 
London as usual a phrase ns " A wealthy 
American There are good reason* for 
It. lUrh Australians make England llteir 
Mecca as rich Americans do l*aris One 
seldom bears of a wealthy Canadian. 
Vet Canada is older than Australia. 
The difference lies in ibe fact that Can- 
ada lias risen from a bate of agriculture: 
Australia from a base of mining and 
pastoral and planting life. Canada ha* 
more home* ; Aualralla more fortune*, 
The Canadian farmer, with bis hundred 
acres and a score of cows, lives ia com 
fort; the Australian selector lives in dan- 
ger. English capital has flowed into 
Austral lau cattle and sheep runs, mid the 
bauks have stretched antenna; over the 
land, liable to contract cruelly now or 
lterenficr. 

Three statements are broadly put. 
They have reference to the general 
lump, not to the special section. Agri- 
culture is not Hire plane on which Aus 
tralian progress moves. It is incidental 
to the natural wealth, nut of it a radical 
part. Australia lias no Minnesota, no 
Miiuitnbt. no Ontario, no Montana. 
From her base of pastoral pursuit* sod 
mining, with plenty of capital expended, 
she has naturally had a powerful and 
successful development. But it must he 
heeded that ibe aiea from which her 
weultb lnu been drawn is a larger one, 
and occupied by but three millions of 
people. Her time of trial must come 
loo; and that will bo when, her lw*t land 
taken up and Iter population crowding, 
ahe lias to face the vicissitudes of her 
ud worked and untempting country. 

Stand now with me lu lire centre of 
Australia, and let us look forth a* If our 
eyes could scan lire continent from rim 
to rim. 

We are at Mount Stuart, where the 
courageous explorer Stuart himself stood 
and looked iulo lire unknown lands lic- 
fore him. We are facing lire south, wo 
ase looklug upon the Great Australian 
Bight, where cliffs six hundred feet high 
beetle oer their bases to the sea. And 
fnr a thousand miles along the Bight 
there is not a population of a thousand 
people- The enthusiastic Spectator might 
be templed to exclaim upon tbo coming 
time w Iren that vast coastline would bavo 
a wall of masts to front It. But. stand- 
ing here in a waste that no man tills or 
will ever till or feed upon, listen to the 
voice of John Forrest, another explor- 
er. coming down an avenue of twenty 
yean: " But fur hundreds cif miles along 
the shores of the Bight no vessel oould reach or Iso wfely 
at anchor.” And of the land between us and the Bight 
—the land where tin- spinifox waves like ripe corn under 
the hard mouotouuus azure— let Lint again speak: "On our 
route wc passed over many millions of acres of grassy coun- 
try, but, I am sorry to say, I believe entirely destitute of 






T1IR MOUNTED LAMPLIGHTER Of SYDNEY 

water." But that is half a feneration ago. Hear, in lxtW. 
the voice of .lohn Forrest. Commissioner of Land* iu West 
Australia: "From my own observation 1 may safely say 
that the greater portion of the Eastern division is not like 
ly In lie ulilliesl in lire near future. There lire no rivers 
in lire dlvbloo." Again: "With tire exception of a -mall 
fringe along tbc coast, lire Kudu division is unoccupied, and. 
unless water is conserved, must remain so." Yt'l these two 
districts represent 685,000 square mile*. 


Digitized by Googli 



HARPER'S WEEKLY 


M , bariior. Hctieen u» 

y,‘a // i y/' no mourn* iris. Tbe plains in this arid HdurMiulfujiiopn 
'/V' Ornlic arc lower than the lin'd of the tion. of wmriotti#, mu 

na. We have looked upon the scene »bu trinity of misfon 
of Use aufTegfag* of 1 1t r- borr-lc mid (Wl- lo O— • land from wbl< 
dfta? etnlorar Eyre, of the devoted Worburton. and of Use ported in 18W. Tbe 
flalwart Form i . mud-banked length ; 

On the coast an I along llu— - thon r.v«* then is floe wiiul- world, is l be bounder 
tinic country uiid some good agricultural IhimI. end tlwre Stuart and where wr 
tire in I iieiiil- too. If they ciui but be reached and develo|mL User south let us peri 
Tlu-re me men limiting money on Hie coast. l ot what are will* it* while bead i 
43,000 people in that vast region! Keen io tlii* tcnantlcs* earlhy nuplrairen r.f p 
waste t li.it we have looked upon there are great striicbes of 
grassy plains ami line arcus foe sheep mid cattle. Hut turn 
the incit'd over, and rend what i» thereon: “No thorough- 
fare!" Anil "no thoroughfare," being inlerpreted, menns A 

■"no water," Hew, where mllliona of sheep might fted. a 
mighty Imti is laid. Stretch out your hund. This is n hot .flP 

day on Mount Stuart. Ho you see the speck* of moisi lire In 
your palm? Tlint is the proportion of water to this liclf, 

this more than half, of tliti An-tmllmi cnttlitx'iir. We nre * jo? 

dealing with facts now, not with pretty dreams of English t 

poll tic mm about "wondrous poesiMflries,'* ‘'unexplored ' 

Whit need we of further wltncoif Turn now through vistas for set I lenient, " ami all that. Fur this rouulry wliirb $jtj ' 

this glamourous air. and look toward the west. Thera nestle* we see has I -v-r* crossed and ratfoaicd enst and wcm and Br* 

IVtta, a I it lie capital ns tlu- lunik* of the Swan Hirer, one of north ntui south, and under what grim trinK mid with w|>ul 
those abort streams found along the Australian cu*m so unchanging coatclualM)* they of West Australia at least 
often, mid of sueb momentous rmr We am Itfteen Irun know, mui tlie rest may learn. 

drill ini|e$ fti.iin till* western capital, and between u* and It li'it «i Imre only completed laiilf tire circle. We Imre 
tin- re lie* m least thirteen tiuii* |r<wt soil** of wanton waste wt» that the course of empire i» nol always westward The 
and silence No birds of eong, n.> rippling streams, no ran very nom< nclalure l- an e shin we >»f that, IVflSu Huy. An* 
gtng Held* of grain, no h andt-ring Iterds, no settlements of ions Jhij . Hviiial liny, t ape Arid, Mount liiirn-n, Mount 
pioneoes, are ilwre. In all that Uuo.ooo square mile* of com*- Dcspoir. IViuilitful island— these me tin ominous tokens 
try knnwn us West Australia there arc but 43,1*10 people. that grant us a* wc setut the sccsmj. It i* not mi in America. 

Turn slowly toward the northwest We arc looking now Explorers through alt tbe Continent breathed m* ottnoeplwre 
Upon a country tropical, vet not having that ail important of h'|v, of confidence, of achievement, of prophecy Hat 
characteelstk <rf a tropical country, npcrahunilmioc >if rain, see the explorer* of Australia: Lebburdr the g-illunt. lira 
It is a pastoral country chiefly inside a Hoe one hundred forcTvr lost, like Franklin: llurkc and Wills; the unhappy 
etui llftt ruile* or mi from the ciscut A little fortinr still Kennedy , the shuttered Smart ; the noble nn* I iiiUfortutiiil*' 
and tltere is the Kimberley pastoral district and the Kimbcr- Sturt; the fated Gray; lire desperate luid long alwurdswicd 
ley gold fields. where mi earnest gorernnutil 1* trying With Eyre; tlic lw- 

artesian tore to Induce nature to render up the fulncsa of role Mtr.heil, 

her fouutnins. Rut water is hard to get lu Went Ana Have tltcir pro- a'~~ 

tmlia, Still turn until you are bulf-woy rowuil » circle, and dkilons. getter. 

it\ hsiik'iDg directly ttorlli to Fort Ikrwir*. just a- If, •landing ally *r<.iktng 1 -U, 

in tbc heart of Kaas-ts, you has! U'gun with the Gulf of Mex- over Im-cu due a'A^lir •*! kdlfilr rA— 

t.. Ihirtlatul. i*. Helena, to Unind J orks!' ’’in thjt hidf-clrak* walk*d throiigi. ^ ^ fy.'^ 

side of that n watered kind with great river*, vest mountains, guish and death ' 1 I IT 

n:nl deep Talleys. Through every part of it mao. the j«» ion often: tltcy rklr II 

B« r. cun venture and reap reward. Hut standing mi Mount lookisl mil ou a . • L.I I f V 

Stuart, what do you *oe? Wlial liavo you seen? Here is u melnncboly lt» rm^UljVtN *"*1* _J Y 

ntilwnv at your feet living driven sen*** the continent from rirou ; they felt lu-W. 'TCuk 

AdiUnle to Fort Dnrwiu— a railway running through a lone- im»« the Joy ‘rf'll *V ; ' • > > 

ly. silent land, with good country »l nuii tcmilnu*. But of the gnllaut M S kt*. - . 

there i* btt««n you aad the sea wall which make* the Champlain, of \ ii j 

bounds of that half circle toynureye weary ocean* of spirit- tho heroic Mar- , 

fe* dcM-rt, endless ridge* of hcorebitlg Band bill*, desolating OUette, of the • 

ex|Miis>ijus id males scrub long Minpbirc lliils. cbidu* of rlauntl*-** Joli- '• ’ ■- / ■ ' 

salt lakes and thirsty day |x»i>*. mulgu for«ta and acacia (tie, and tire- ■ 1 - y 

tliickel*. quorLx nlaiii*, ibxciving wmer holra aud alkali raulka Iji " - “• 

marshee. solitary hilts — rising like Islands front a gray ami Salic s 

ehmieeless r.i -xandsiooi: bluffs and copiw-r cliffs that |>ro Hut let us 
j>fr-t it* burning nietmcc. uiid but one mdilTcrent mugc of now scan the 

mountains, which, rising new here beyond four thousand other half- de- 
fect. giver Urtlt to but few river*. de. It Is the 

Score* of sTreanis in Australia rise in a lonely plain, no bettor half, rl*c 
niunntBiii u*»r. arnf wandering ou fur fifty or a hundred the case of Austntlia would 1** hard iiMbvd In it arc nil 

mit<« |w-rhnpa, *ud*knly sink again into some va»t subtrrm- the great drier— Adelaide. Melbourne. Sydney. Brisbane. 

Bi'HM river or sen. for no heat could «> ubsarb the quantity Iii it are nitieteeu twcutietb* of the population. America 

of watt r that it drunk up :w it flow* uncurlainly over these wnt settled first on the east, ami the mar* h of pragma na* 

plains. ’ west ward, tbnmgb and to a country of rare p*Wibilirics. 

"ill* <>ur facet turned to tile west .we took upon a land of Hut licit would have beet* natural under any circiiniBlaoce*, 

1 (loam oc Is a* the Atlantic eowrt was so much nearer t I m eiv*t 
ptipulatioa of Euro|*c. Holding to this principle, Weal 
Aiwtrallu -Imuhl have lex it cX|kiik 1«I first, since It Ihw muter 
Kui'liuul by ill ree ih<iu»nd aiih-i thau New Sooth Wale*. 

\><«t Austral hi, from the day chat real tettlcmeoi l.wgun In 
llit» ca»t. hat IikI directed townni it a great deal of energy 
and capital. Ilut there die Hot. with hvi 43, MX) people and 
l.lXKt.tWO square mile* of land, and with but 113,000 square 
mi lea under I com; for ii>ril>.-iilliirn1 or put unit |nirpuw.'d. The 
fault lira uni in its star, bat in iM-lf. that ic i* mi and so. Hut 

the view U fairer for IM as we TMf ton lid this other aod bet- ... „ 

ter bull, beginning at Port Dain jn, Flowing into the Gulf that lives and prorvtty were br ing de*ln>ynl at a war tlim 
of ( ar|N-iitur>a an longer, deeper, and more frequent river* rate. On the North Qinrii*lmnl coast, where It rains twelv* 
thau we have seen lien-Uifore;, They are- Itot river* n* Atner- feet in a year, and often two feet in a day. the flood record' 
icau* know tJuin. but tttcuins of vorylri* permanency and are frequent. 1'taaUUlOM fl*>nt under water, and slieepaiu 
deboucIlciaenL Ansi turned to this northeast, vtc arc view- cattle are caught in u wide death-trap. On the river Irir 
iug a colony of striking coinniereial per uliarilie*. Ijureu*- ling and In Ibe Hn.ith generally the floods arc not so fre 
Imal. IUt« another I'nUud State*, has within It two fine belts nuent. When, fourycar* ago. l‘*rt nut In pierce tlie heart o 
of resource* Gold and silver, timber, pastoral land, sugar, the country, and see the Muff of which Australia was made 
rice, cotton, tobacco, and all tropical fruits are In its north, llourkc *•> my first objective point. To it one cnukl ge 
uod cshi] mid gold, pastoral Land, wheat land, and tlie agri by rail. First, we g<> user the lltiK' Mnimlains by Ihe fn 
culllire of the tiuipt-nstc rone In It* south The heart of tbe ninija Zigzag, after jausing the Nepean Valley. sunu*wcpi 
sOutbern half of ijijeen-lamt i* a high table land, unlike any green, and luxurluii*. a region of orange orrhanis aod agrl 
other portion of Australia, and ime m-* - tbe millions of sheep culture Tticn wo descend upon a table land, passing tud 
KTatUDg upon the famous Hurling ruid FUxroy down* — down* tv picul Australian toWM as Uultiomt. and again down unit 
indeed, stretching in waving undulations to liiat portion of a plain is rracticd where is seen the far Interior at it* Iwnt 
it* ivi vUtji ami -out hern linrdnr where It* pastoral esccllenrc This had Lsvn r. flood year, and the country should Is 
is Imtaed iiii<> the invading latm-nacss <>( western New South bl'jomlng. buoyant. Hut thruigh long vistas of ring liarkr* 
tV ate*. Hut look Tar out to sen at the east A long. Iienuti- gum trees we jinss; through a brown and ailcot hitul, br*»ke> 
ful line of white foam tueeis the eye. That is the Harrier only by the sight of towns like Byrock, where corrugate* 


BLACK TRACK IB AM* Till? MuCNTSD POUCB APTRR 


Victoria, the most rvitnpiet, the smalh-sl, mid the meat active 
in nropuiiluit to it* sire, of all the colonies or state* of Aus 
tnilia. Agriculture, poxtonl pursuit*, mines, and man u far 
lure— these arc lire sources of Victoria's weaitb. Aud the 
city of Melbourne, lying on the shore* of Port Phillip, with 
ih 'Stti.OOU luliaUtants, a day # march from the *», is 8yd 
itev* august rival. 

lint five degrees to nM of south of twir van l»ge ground sit* 
Adelaide at lire fool of Mount Txftv hot. dentily, prettily 
built, and InslLiiet with metropolitan life. 

Now have we txMupk-Ud the circle, and from a No Man's 
Land looked out tu where, uli a culilineiil of three million* 
of MTU* re mile*, the Angh, Sutton is working WHlnrd tow. 
ani hia Gulden Gate, and north ward toward the sun-line. 
Tbo reader should tie ready to intcrpre-t.witli a sense uf jieo 
imrtiiMi ami conception of lirixul coiiililioos, the scenario of 
Australian life, which here I briefly sketch. 


AN ABUIUU1.VAL 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 




~ — — _ — ■. more hi* record might lie rate of •pound a hundred; find many have earned their 

P uT'-*^ — 7 ' — IlD.inxi lost by drought! Bel- pound. They are to hr found now in iIh' linrrark*. w hem 
VA Y ~~ — ■— -jl U doiu ha* traveller bud Bucb through the lurid glare of the slush l»ni|M. there mmn llio 

■— A\\_ V opportunity of studying • sound of n knuckle mruck on n table, and a voice my lug. 

~*~Tv — ~~ V~ ' rountry ua that nffonied the "Count two"; "A royal flush;" “Fll trust to the ace;" “The 

Vv'-AV V'Y'-'t Unofficial On* of the Bcvcn, munc!” This is life half Arcadian, half Urtmrlc. a luurliof 

j who listened for hour* daily I'erditii. and more lhau u touch of Bechet. On thin side of 

' Yvi I V I ■ or nightly to the tale of the lira river U the wave of Anglo Saxon prorn'M tlint eveiy- 

gf rf f, | \ j squatter aud selector. It ws* where swells ajpiin.il " the high shorn* of this world " llut 

Hpl'fi ‘ I always the sume monotonous ‘ across tlte river we are In a laud ineaaurrlvnly fur from tbut 

jdl* > viW l y xl' ' Jl A r _‘.j ^ - --Rj j evidence— the plaint* agaiMt lu which we storal a moim-ul licforiv Wn stand lieforr a 

Hffi ' hard him I conditions, trench- dying race. Aboriginal Australia holds here il» sorry court 

' ~ emu* eliniale, and the ever- ThU remnant of a once powerful Irilw »il outside their guti- 

il lasting iteration, " TkU own*, villi*. and cower over their handfuls of fire, iuqierlurbuhlc 

f[tAU ■ L~ tlJfr’Jftfeilin ,r » “ ,u ,A * »f tAf ii ml awfully alone Hirer iia warrior* mere the klayrra of 

' V ’A'-m V' .MMSf Anuk *. " (lie white mm. once they hurled the *peur anti the axe. and 

® ^ w "* * / Tlw Seven saw occasional- fought hand to hand with the nulla niilln. and whirled the 

,m H r J 1 Ij Hood and wreckuge give whizzing demoniac boomerang. They are victim* of a radi- 

M ■ * pl nwr 10 broad bright plaint ey'of reprisal, of “dispersion." of nil unwritten wool which 

I wit, .' car|H'l<d with the gayest cxil- went forth from tuirli places— " Disperse the aboriginal." 

| Ilf ' XCj’' 'Wn om * fl 0 * 1 '™ - velvety. wav- Like dog* they fell every where; like dogs ami Jaguars no 

I W y . U U ing. ami nhundunt. Flock* many of tile tribes were. To rwp on the shepherd or bnsli- 

af iff'' of wild turkeys ftvl in the man ami drive n ».pcar through lib lardy: to drag him awny : 

// mjl\ gras*, numw of wild ducks to celebmle llie baleful thing by 11 Aercriy dramatic Mi ne In 

(•' lempttsl the riHe from the which the Woody doil wa. arled over again With a hideous 

^Huf/ / i how of the lioat, cougrcgn- mirtli, to eat the vU lim; and then to clcuc with n wild rnmr 

r i»rlJ 1 , I if I ti°»* of bright -pi u ninged borte— ihi» was their life. But it wn* mu the life «f these 

fiffl y. ■ >1 , ” * | parrots und cockatoos rpiar- southern tribes, though lliey suffered with llie rest. DeMrac- 

- -- rollwl in tlw trees; tlte stately tloo came upon ihe men. nnd destruction nud worse upou 

AS EXCCRSIOS SI KASRU OS TUB llARnuR AT SYDNEY. birds the nalivc-rompanioiia the women — nud here they lire! 

gracefully |>erfoiimd their After two weeks' journey lug we enme upon nnollicr cmnp 
gay qundrillm upon the How- of these aborigine*. One week's journey back we had seen 
1) iron bark compote (he architecture. This cry track; mid an occnaioual troop of kmiguroos galloped King Jemmy of Mara and (juceii Polly under the bund* of 

;h of the aadness in the note of Australian from us. toil and hind legs at work, borixouwani And not the pbologrupltcr. King Jenuny ami Ills cmirt were in 

it was kepi up through hot aud lengthy the least interesting tiling wus the dance of the native mourning for some of their people. About tlieir heads 

, broken by a slop at some village or town- eompnnion*. They dclllicrately and with regular form go were twisted white cloth*, and some had tilled tlieir liair 

ailed, seltiug gloomily In its red du*L A through a kind of quadrille or t'ircaaalan circle in a imuiuer with lime or flour to express Ihe intensity of tlieir grief, 

man, a black tracker, u settler on his horse, a that suggest* a di tic lent otigin for man Ilian the ape. llut this scene lief ore ua suggests in ■tiling of that gloomy 

lug down" Ills cheek, or u squatter iu his The waters of the Darling flow moodily on to the far-off thought tbut comes with an outlook upon a failing people 
isionally give a little life to the scene, but th« coast in tlie sensuous gloom of the evening. On it* either upon w hose lands unotber race have made replevin. At 

ng was one of melancholy. Vet aver this side fires are feebly flickering in the jamh nnd mynll trees, Ned'* Corner, on a point of luud whrre the myall and wil- 

1 liuudreds of thousands of sheep were du- and disturbed cockatoos are Hitting neroestlie night. Figures lows were swnylng, an aluirlgknal camp was set — lung low 

ding well. taiMi und repnss through Ihe brighter glare of one side; a bush bouse* of woven twig* nnd hark, with spear* und 

ravelling with a Royal Comuiisdnu whose linrgc is drawn close iu the shade of the trees, ami from uu boomerangs stuck here nud there In tlie sides. Fires were 

nake inquiry iuto the question of water ron- MN door where thr light is brightest tlierc eomes the sound hiirniug. on which the Jlurrnv coil lay streli lii d and hissing, 

ras my good fortune to receive an luvitatiou of machinery. We draw nearer, and see the hydrostatic while the Hesh still quivered with the life not yet extinct, 
r company, since I was going in tlieir dime- presses working upon the wool, the busy workmen tewing N'okrd and not ashamed, Ihe old men, gmy-ls-ardoi ami eves 

of this I altered my plans some what, und de up sucks, and others hearing them down to the uniting bright. untclKil the cooking of the tloh; and the younger, 

llow wise re they led. The Royal Cotnmis- hurge. Dny nnd night are they lalmring, that the full plem- witii the lulirus, did thr honors of reception. I m-ver saw a 

retary. two reporters, a photographer, nnd Hide of this fortunate year may come to the getter of wool, more dignllled. graceful, leoniue figure Hum William as he 

Irxl tlie party, and we seven looked out upon Tint hnmmrr of tbo commercial Thor lienls here, tlw pulso of moved almul with swaying, stalely stride, emphasising hi* 

luduy evening as it rose from Uie scrubby success palpitates. In live gume with nature, man has won great good-humor by a long, low. two-octave chuckle, wind- 

apprehensive eye hclicld til* river Darling. this season. Tlie shrarrrs liave ooawd They will nnt work ing up with the ever present “Oil my word!” Tlie piiolog- 

od. and wus dehntiog whether to rise four ut nlgliL They must preserve the dignity oi lulior— the re- rapber had nothing to suggest when it came to raising, 

il Hood til* streets Had it done so portions nnwn of the Slmarers' Union. The dong shearing shed is Tit* old men drew blankets round ilirir shoulders; William 

Id have been flouting down tow ard (be Bar- etnply.wlieru all day threescore of shearers have shorn at the arrayed himself In European garments, that be should nut 


he though I Ml of the ImMOB when BntfHt) should gam 
u|hjii Ills counterfeit prveeutm<-nt: and, without a wnrtl of 
suggestion, these natives arranged theniaelvi-H. And Wil- 
liam. with spear in hand, upon a log. and eves upon an 
imaginary fi«h, said. ' Thb fellow, black fellow all right-" 
And then lie was prepared for Hartrrn * Wkuki.t. 

A yellow base slp'tchcs nwnv to the burnished borl/nq, 
and tin the plains then- rise her* and there elmuls of dust, 
telling of »iirrp on tlie la arch. Making toward the river 
Durliu: is a herd of n thousand entile. They have come nine 
hundred miles down and over tlie plains from Thargomin- 
dab ami beyond, in Queensland They must erow tlw river. 
As Ut* U noflic ial One rides near, he tlmla ll*em rounded up. 


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SUPPLEMENT. 




first. Wii that because you were IiUli. or because you 
wen- a wnmnn ? 

High t <on on the plains Hint a eioudy tty. and days ajtsr. 
In it so Hint min in coming? Tlir darkness gather* in (lie 
horizon, growl. spread*. Iblckeiia. Anil now crock down 
tlic iky great wheel* of thunder Wlwt. Quin of Tarella. no 
toy at thus! Ilcre i plenty overbuitgiDg f..r your empty well*. 
You will not nred to send your ibcrp travelling Irito No 
.Mini's I.iiud if Imply they tuny Had food ami water, Hut 
Quin of Tamil* luw no Joy in hu I'ouniruiuicr It l» a bitter 
kind of Irony tbut says " Wait." Turbulent, angry, ponder- 
ous grows tire iky There burst* n volcano of iliiimier like 
a crack in ll»e universe, mid tlieu tile storm fulls nu the 
world— a storm of wind!— only wiml It cntclics list* earth, 

worries it anil shakes it. but that is all. Not a drop of rain ' 
Ami for many and many u day the station liiitid will still 
chop down the limit* of the mulgn-lrrr. that of its Ionic 
leaves i lw sheep nmy ml ami live. And for many a day the 
clouds will roll tip ami Ihrculcn, ami then muxrli in sardonic 
procession away, leaving nut a track of iivoisiorv behind. 
And all lire while the sheep hare gone from grow In salt- 
bush till ni>|s -viiilice like the iilkali bush of Hm' Arizona 
plains), ami from snlt-lmsh In the puntir, and jtcpprrmint 
and tur|ieiillne, the hop. the cotton, the gldjn, und the dcad- 
ffnis.li hushes, for tlreir fowl- And these now are awnying 
in the wind, overawept by the withered grass, and bend- 
ing to the sterile piuin. And tlwn Middrnly thr liot blast 
passes, the sky U clvur again, and one looks through a pal- 

C ldc and palpitating area of beat, the fiery wave* robing in 
Hows backward und forward. Aud now. blessed relief 1 
is a mountain afar, in a bine buoyancy Whet sweet ex- 
panse may lie nt iu feet* Hut llmf is the inouulaiu Uiat the 
vaiiant Sturt saw as he fought bis wny into the heart of the 
continent in scorrh of great inland seua. And he hurried to 
It— to look down upon, not a river, not a aea. but n white 
quartz desolation. And from this mountain, nt whose base 
we stand, we turn our eyes further westward, and we know 
that there b the (ireul Stony Desert, und there at Mil|vuria- 
kn still lie* a bout In which Sturt hoped to sail on his trebo- 
discovcred sro*. Auiiuiite and indomitable soul! You sought 
refuge in a land of living death For then it was tlmt tho 
tubes of the Ihermometi r burst, that tire sole* were scorched 
from vi r -ii i. - tint your Hue t null* broke like glare, that 
vour niiir i Co* i i i grow, ami tlic ink dried tn llxr pen. Yet 

In that re-/ where you wasted and do. paired, men are 

living, " irking now bmvr. defiant < ii.pi> ring; aud nt 
wbut ■ it ; I are 11a to me: " we 

are gnu ' with God " Ay. cvm that. For in the hope 
of one or two good years Of flood in six or seven, these pio- 
neers live there, and os far west ns Mount llrown and Tib- 
booUirr* and Mount Pintle, playing a desperate game with 
nature between rabbits and drought this western Land of 
the Goldcu Fleece fight* a hitter figlit. 

II is a if hits if i vary plum Thrre b a line of gum* be- 
side a feeble watercourse. Sit wild borees— warngals, or 
liromhirs. os they are called— liavc 1 recti driven down, cor- 
ralled. and caught. They have fed on the leaves of ll»e myall 
und stray bits of sal!-bu*li. After a time duty are got with- 
in the iraces. They are all young, and they look not so 
bad. We start They can scarcely Is- held in Uut first few 
miles Then they begin to souk iu |ier»pir»tloti. Another 
five miles and they look drawn nlmiit the flunks, and wluit 
we tbuuglil was flesh i* dripping from them. Another five, 
and the flesh has gone. Tlir nhs show, tin shoulder* pro- 
trude. Look! A poler's beel* are knocking against the 
whitlle trees It U twenty miles now. There i* n gulp ia 
your threat as you see a wreck stagger out of die traces and 
stumble over the pinto, brad near the ground, ami Death 
upon iLs Iwk. There'* no water in lhat direction, worn out 
creature’ It comes upon you like a sudden Wow— these 
horses are being driven to death. And w by T Because it 
is cheap- to kill them on tbi* stage of thirty mile* than 
to feeil them rhulT at £.10 a ton. 

And n»w another swara. Look at tire throbbing side*, the 
quivering limits' He falls. 

" Driver, for Heaven's snke. can't you see?" 

"1 do; so help me God, I do* Hut we’ve got to get there. 
I'll let them out at another mile." 

And you are an Anglo-Saxon, and this ia a Christian 
land! 


a tulle from the river. 
The cattle seem to know 
a stranger U at hand, 
am! begin to stamp tm 
patiently. fine broke 
out of the bunch, and 
came over to inspect the 
alien. Otlrera stumped 
wildly, and threatened 
astam|w*lc Hut ui dial 
moment the honre* were 
tent on ahead to lend the 
cattle to the river, and on they *11 go But on the very banks 
of the stream they begin to " ring." There Is danger in tin- 
Should they ring In the river, hundreds will 1 m- drowned. 
Hound and round they gn, in n painful ceiilripclnl motion, n 
wheel or horns upon a henving l»w of brown mid red ami 
gray. But the slock riders forre their burses In und break 
lire ring. wilh ninny a sharp call and snap of whip nnd sud- 
den expletive. Tlreu into the river the rattle go. following 
tl»e horse*, first with a tremor and snort of fear, and then 
with a ru*h It wn» n forest of horn*, where shaggy mimes 
tumbled and lowed Iu the swift current—* mflec of floating 
heads, warring und wraogliDg. The current at Hist rutiles 
them ilown, down: then the) Ireglll to ring The spectator 
D thrilled hy the struggle. The stuck riders again lliiusl 
in; the stuck whip cut* the lur like a knife. Suinn steer* 
tlonterl down, but struck out bravely ul lost. and were caught 
in the tree* un the hank*, when- they Were held fust; fur the 
water wna flowing among Hm 1 brandies of the gums. A for 
lorn hope made straight after the horse* for the shore. They 
ranged Into line; they came shoulder to shoulder; their 
heads became motionless: they put forth their strength; 
they reached the v.lid ground. And ufler that, in phalanxes, 
Uie fannl fought its way acres*, and the great font of the long 
"travel'' whs over, Tire Darling wa* crossed, aod wilh 
only a half-duieu list'.. 

“Tim* far Into Hie bowr* nt ire laml 
Have mu luaicliol on villU.nl lln|K'liro-nr," 

said a lithe limbed stnek-ridcr. bearded like a pnrd, as he lit 
Id* pipe— die bushmim's only friend. And thi* wa* once a 
fellow of St. John's. I'nnihridge. Such nre die fortune* of 
the gentle it* dm rude in tliia country And there, beside n 
dump of sandnl-lree*. they cooked "tholr chops and made 
their damper nnd drank their quart-put tea. and the world 
w ent very well then, whatever its errant courac luul been. 

At Wllraonta we left the Flirt are Annie, and atnrlcd on 
n journey net-ore country toward Mennldic. where the plain* 
were gleaming willi the Sturt pea— a flaming plant upon 
which grow* a pea dint It in said drives horses and cattle 
mad. 

And from Mennldic to die sea. and from tire wa lo Sydney 
ugniu, we henrd n long "Thank God 1" for the flood lhat had 
come an>l had rurielied the laud, su lhat UkmumuhIb Were saved 
from ruin. 

1* TIME OP DHoVUHT. 

Three years hare gone since Uie Seven made their Journey 
into this the Darling country. The curtain again rUes. The 
rnofllcial Due ho* now grown more or lex* oflicial. and on 
hi* shoulders are responsihilide*. lie i* to inquire and make 
record of conditions that die dwellers in tire *p»ee» of long 
drought declare are growing post endurance; be i* Ur try 
und sea how the land laws ure pre-slug on die protesting 
people: he I* to draw a picture of tho land dial legislator* 
and Ibe people may see- and. it wa* Imped, he wiser for live 
seeing. Ana once again Into this country over which he 
took you for three ihousund mile* he plunged, but by 
a different route. This time Ire went from Adelaide 
northeast on tlic path of thr explorer*, and on hr* way 
visited tire silver mine* of Broken Hill There was no 
Broken 1 11)1 three yearn liefore— *o far us the great world 
knew Now from vast Mirelb r« the glowing slag wa* pour- 
ing down tho llill side; in a region of desolation men were 
growing rich, mid all Australia wa* marking tire smallest 
fluctuation In Broken Hill share* From this jagged wall, 
from which a dull red plain stretches away to un unpeopled 
horizon, let us let forth Goad fortune lluw lie tiiauk.il! 
Here is a brave pioneer who travelled with the Seven hun- 
dred* of miles three Venn ugn on the box seat again. What 
a host of memories it cUsp <>f his hand brings up'— Hanna 
of Broken Hill: Quin of Tarella; the Kennedy* of Niindio- 
rumire ami Wmiuainluln; Brougham of Natalie: Dickens 
of W ilcannla ison of Charles Dickens); and u host of oth- 
er*, hearty, courageous, amt ndurlng. 

No longer nre rain and the Hood rushing g I ad ire- * nnd lie- 
struct ion all at oucr. The demon Drought lure laid Iris an 
grv palin upon lire laml. aud it Ims shrivelled up 

A long day over an agonized plain have we travelled. 
" We " nre the driver, my friend Hanna, the superiim relent, 
a woman with a patient lathy at the hret-t n polin-mmi, 
and two iwlsonrrv Through two huntlrcd mile* of d.-*rt, 
w ithout sleep, this mother Ireld with weary rartii* tire child— 
m>, not all the time, for lire superintendent had a heart and 
gentle nrm*. But si midnight we ora come to Burke's Cava, 


a historic spot, aadly historic For here I.- rim the hitter 
fate which dragged the valiant Burke and the faithful Will* 
to lonely graves, and gathered dowu a fruitful eipcdillun to 
a traglr end. 

And drere near* us from the Hue of gray willows by a 
waterlrM river hod a train of camel* from some great com- 
pany's station, driven by Aral.* and making for the enirejs'.t 
far to Ilia Mouth. Our home* — warrigal* they are called— 
•<.nl the camel* afar off, aud they nre wild; but we nre near- 
ing our lireukfiist station, and even the warngai* are affect- 
ed l*y that satisfying proximity Yet Ih>w can one cut? See, 
a* the couch purer* into a paddock, these punting, stricken, 
eyelet* hitnhs’ Fallen through Starvation anil weakness, the 
raveuiKiM crow* have picked nut llrelr eye*. They strew our 
pnih.ami far to where lire plain beer. men one leaden gnrv 
lire while spots innumerable— dead and riving sheep. It f* 
nunilr despoil. leiicv over which the catTViui-crow croak* a 
hateful requiem. Thi* is not lire crow of die tiurilrem 
Iremisplrerv However it chances, thi* knave has caught 
front lire slrecp a erv like it* own, only it Is liatsh und dewo- 
luting. It t- not tfie hearty "caw. caw," of lire meadow* 
under the Great Bear Yesierilav we saw scenes of tnUery, 
lull we hud grown Into them gradually, uud thrir le.rror did 
nut tour'll us so. This morning it liui-t* upon US. We are 
in a gterit clraruel hou-<-. I |*.q this hamm land a plague 
of rahldu Ims desr-e iwlul, has spread, ha* swnriiicii ahead of 
the slice p. taken the place of the kaiignrtKt, and eaten clean 
the laud of gras* and salt bush ami edible scrub. Hire are 
tlir strait* «sf Ihb peiqde. dire the needs of it* enemies 
Four, five, seven fret up the bol«a of lire little trees have 
tlie midrib climbed ami eaten Ibe bark. Here's food for a 
Darwin, an he clianeed to know it. that rnlit.lt* should 
cltBlh trees! How might not this faculty from Deeessily 
grow until it luul all the capacities of the monkey! 

But here tire warngai- rutile feebly in. und ^Irs. Flynn 
greet* us at the door. What does it mailer to Mrs Flynn 
that the sun l* angry, that the »ky is unresponsive, that the 
night* are pitifully clmrrlea*. thirl tire heavens never drop 
their fatucw? Her bountiful fuce sees only a tired mother, 
whom the superintendent Irelpv out »f the coach, w hose elnhl 
the su|H-nnteudent curries to Mr*. Flynn, (too. I Mr*. Flynn, 
across these twelve thoiisund miles of land and sea between 
Us I M'lld your own ehcevy greeting that gave us a gleum of 
light in dial implnovldu lnnilK'a|ie "Uli, i*n’t It the fun of 
the world to Ire alive!" Kind mul* In lire heart of thut 
stricken country von k. j.t the "fun of the world" in your 
heart, aud you served lire mother nnd the prisoners first of 
your Iran mutton uud dum|ui' You served the prisoner* 


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THE OBSERVATION CAR OF TI1E PRESIDENTIAL TRAIN.— Draws bt T. de Thdutrcf aftkk a Piiotooiufii bt Bell. Wamuxotoh.— [Skb Pao* 308.J 


2B8 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV. NO, Ktf 


Harpers Magazine for Mav. 


ARTICLES. 

THE WARWICKSHIRE AVON Fin* 1‘i.p.r Ilv A. T Qru.u* 
Own. Tliuiy iluif I IwuatUm by Akim* I'anm>ss. 

THE ARGENTINE PEOPLE AND THEIR REL1GIOUM AND 
BDUCATIOXAL INSTITUTIONS Hi J. M. Walms 

ROMAN LONDON. Hjr KrnicxK Lxa'RtMX. FUimb Illustration* 
k) H D. XlOMA 

THE SALVATION ARMY By ike Venerable >. W. Eitiui. 
Arclidmcoit of MV-imin-aer, 

SOME AMERICAN RIDERS First I*«r*r H. (Vilonri T. A- 
ItaMt, USA. With illu»ti«tios» frum pslDiiug* by Kxiiunir 
RniinT*l, 

THE ENGLISH ANCESTRY OP WASHINGTON B. llwu 
D. CmWav. . IMu*tialioii* ilrauru by II. D. Nu iiom. 

THE REPUBLIC OP URUGUAY. Hr Tni.iim.ic CM on Willi 
fifteen illiulnilloOM In T. to. Tin i-rm r, UxKtw Kfcss, ***J II. 
D. Nicwha 

OVER JOHNSON S GRAVE. A Ciukiw. By Warn* llum 

STO/tlES. 

IN THE - STRANGER PEOPLE'S" COUNTRY. Past V 
Dr Cimslks Ei.iilri (iimhi. Illiihlralnl bv W. T. iiatKIT. 
— WESSEX POLK. Poet III B» Troma* H*t»r. UlcusuM 
l.y W T. Mtunur— A BATCH OP DREAD AND A PUDDING. 
B; A B. Warn* -FAINT HEART NEVER WON PAIR LADY. 
By Casousk Kara Whits. 

TORUS 

MORTALITY. By W D Hokkua. — GOLDEN BUBBLES. By 
Ri.xfet at Btixi Wiunt. 

THR EDITORIAL DEPARTME.\TS-C<.na.iri«L u ii-hh. 1, by 
GroMiM WiuLiaji Cents Witum Pua lloK*u*,*ml OumA* 
Duu.nv Wakxu. 


Pi'iiusiiku bv IIAUI’EK ft BROTHERS. New Yoke. 


No. 17112. 

Harpers Weekly. 

WITH COCKS. AM) xr ITI.KMr.XT CIlXTAIXtNO 
THE SECOND ll.Ll!t«r*ATKD I'Al'All ON nl.lUreK* 

W AVSTRAMAN LIKE. 


TKMJOI : I* CK5TX A HirT.-ll N * II III, IX aHVaHK. 

Rnktcripltatca indy brgin Htlft any .Vnialrr 


GREATER NEW YORK. 

rPHE question of n greater New York in brought 
I into general discussion by the bill which has Wen 
introduced into tlie legislature, authorizing the Com- 
mission of Inquisy to frame nn net including Brook- 
lyn. Staten Island. and part of Westchester within tlie 
municipality of New York. It is a question of great 
importunei . but tlie matter lias been brought to the 
present point witboul much debate, and a it bout any 
indication of a general or decisive opinion upon the 
subject. This fuel, of roume, is not an argument 
against the proposed consolidation: but it throws 
upon its. advocates the nccraitv of stating the it won* 
which have led them to favor iL and tlio New York 
Timm recently presented the rase for (lie consolida- 
tion. It is, in brief, that the numerical increase of the 
population within the city limits requires iL The 
Timrn publishes an interesting coruiMirativc table 
showing number of perrons per acre in the-cities of 
Ijondon. Philadelphia. Chicago, and Now York, by 
which it appears that New York is now six times 
more crowded than lawdoit, throughout its entire 
area, and that if tlie entire are* of New York were 
settled with the average density of London, its popu- 
lation would be less than 300.000. Moreover, there 
remain but 12,317 acres on which New York can ox 
pa ml. ami if perfect transit should enable them to lie 
peopled with tin* density of London, they wonld ac 
commodate lesa than the growth of one New York 
ward since the hist census. In line, New York is 
now full, with no allowance for future demands, and 
“it is uu abhorrent hypothesis that New York should 
stop growing." 

New York will not stop growing, and for a reason 
stated by the Time*, that its " commercial Mipreuiacy 
is impregnable.” Rut it is not its numerical stiprem 
ary which has produced its commercial supreiuacy. 
It is tlie natural and improved advantages of posi- 
tion and of oommunication which have done that. 
Tlie numerical supremacy of New York is not due to 
tlie extent of it* municipality, hut to causes arising 
from its situation and its improvement. The same 
cause* will continue to draw |K>pulation to the city as 
a centre, so that if the iiiiinn-ipu] government of New 
York should include only u million of ]w>rsons. the 
population of New York would be really the |H>pula- 
lion which is practically that of the city. The com 
mercial advantage and power of New York, the 
prestige and primacy of Lite city, would lie unchanged 
whether Brooklyn should bo taken into the muni- 


cipality or remain a separate city. The resident of 
Brooklyn feels himself to be a New-Yorker. The 
resident of Staten Island records himself as from New 
York. In effect, although one lives in Kings County 
and the other in Richmond County, they count them- 
selves and are counted os units of the great popula- 
tion called New York. Their inclusion in the mu- 
nicipality would not bring either of those districts 
nearer to New York. It would not reduce the pms 
ure upon the acreage of New York. It would not 
raise the wages of the lodger in the teneineiit-housr. 
or provide him with any residence w hich is not equal- 
ly open to him now. Bridges will be built to Brook- 
lyn. and improved communication will be opened to 
Staten Island, not because they may or may not lie 
included in the municipality of New York, but for 
the reason that the pressure on the island compels 
residence in tlie neighborhood 

It is an illusion of words to suppose that New York 
is declining because Manhattan Island bos reached 
or will soon reach its rapacity of accommodation. If 
the municipality had been limited to the area below 
Union Square, is it supposed that the growth of New 
York, in the true sense of the words, would have been 
arrested t Its largest capitalists might have lived in 
the upper purl of the island, its great manufacturing 
plants might have been without tlie lines of llieniuni- 
ri|Hslity, but New York would have included them all. 
If. transit is difficult nn Manhattan Island, if new 
plants must find a place elsewhere than between the 
rivers, will the streets be cleared by the annexation 
of Bixioklyn, or the territory of Staten Island be 
brought nearer by inclusion in the municipality I 
The primacy uf New York among American cities 
does not de|K'iid upon the numerical superiority of its 
municipality. The question of consolidation comes 
really, therefore, to a question of " economics and 
excellencies of inuuicipul administration.” Here we 
urn inclined to agree with the Timm. The imputa- 
tion of Manhattan Island and the adjacent neighbor- 
hood constitutes New York, and the experience of 
other muuici|ial consolidations favors tlie conclusion 
tliat “patched and piecemeal jurisdiction ” is not de 
sirable for a community which is virtually one. But 
the problem of mutiiri|ud administration, which hn* 
thus far battled even American political sagacity, will 
not be settled by enlarging the sphere of patronage 
and tlie opportunities of jobbery. Undoubtedly great 
local ndvanlngra have follows! tlie northern exten- 
sion of the city, but it is equally true tliat the evils of 
the municipal system have kept pare with them, if 
they have not surpassed them. Tlie tendency, un- 
doubtedly, is toward consolidation ; that ia to say. its 
advocates arc active and positive, and there is little 
decided opposition. 

UNIVERSITY EXTENSION IN NEW YORK. 

The university extension bill has passed both 
House* at Albany, and there seems to lie no reason 
to doubt its approval by the Governor. The bill was. 
amended somewhat in committer, but not in un un- 
friendly spirit. The evideut purpose of tlie amend- 
ments was to secure a local initiative, and to limit pre- 
cisely the scope of the expenditure of the appropria- 
tion. The amendment to the first section of the hill 
authorizes the Regents of the University to give their 
co-operation to any locality, orgauixation. or associa- 
tion by recoin mending method*, designating suitable 
instructors, conducting exam illations, and issuing 
certificates, and in any other proper manner. Tim 
amendment lo the second section provide* that no 
part of the appropriation shall be expended for pay- 
ing the expenses of lecturers, as the object of the ap- 
propriation is the brnclit of tlm localities concerned. 
Tim money is lo be devoted to the oilier necessary 
expeuses. These amendments do not eonliict with 
the general purpose of the bill os stated by the Re- 
gents: 

•• University extension, os contemplated by tlie Regents of 
Urn University, means extension In llm |«-<»pic at large, 
adult* a* well h* youth-, of the best oMumnMc opportunities 
for cdlicaliao— -to accomplish, as nearly as may be, universal 
education under the most trustworthy and useful guidance 
nnd in-traction which tlie State afford- It will aim ti> *up- 
plemeiit tlie fm illtii-n of our existing school system by silrn 
aiming awl directing tlie formation of b>e*l usenciatituis for 
study imd culture among those whom lack of means or ex- 
acting occupations, and specially three whom maturity of 
vears prevent from regular attendance at scliuoU ami col- 
like*. 

A« lb* New York IVorW well say*. the lyceum lec- 
ture system in Ibis country twenty years ago wan 
really tho germ of university cxtenskni. That aya- 
tem was a weekly address in many of tlie most im- 
portant point* of the country upon some moral or 
literary or historic subject by men of distinction. It 
proved to lie. ill fact, a public school of political eth- 
ics. which was an influential force in training and 
stimulating the public mind upon the absorbing 
question of the lime. The readiness and activity of 
the American mind welcome and facilitate such 
training, and easily acrorinnudate themselves to ita 
conditions. In England, as the llor/ti suggests, 
they adopted tlie American lyceum method, with a 
mure elaborate organization, for a system of literary 
and scientific popular aud local instruction. The 


system includes courses of lectures by acknowledged 
ex peris, courses of reading and study, followed by 
examination* and certificate*, but without other ex 
Ileuses tluui those of lecturers, rooms, etc. It ia not. 
however, u scheme for the promotion of superficial 
study nor for cheapening degrees, It ia not a school 
for professional training in any branch, but for the 
difTuaion of information It is an extension of the 
university, but only of that purl of the university 
which can la- extended. Tlie advantages of resi- 
dence at a college, and of constant devotion to study 
in tlie college atmosphere, ure not the province of the 
system. 

University extension is designed for the great mul- 
titude of those who cannot go to college, but who are 
yet desirous of as much of the benefit of the college 
as can be procured at home. The desire of this kind 
of study is a striking sign of the time. The remark- 
able development of the university extension system 
in England, the whole system of “correspondence 
university, " of osaociatious for organising schemes 
of reading mid study directed from a common centre, 
the Chautauqua circle*, and the university extension 
movement in the city of New York nnd in Philadel- 
phia. all show the tendency. Tlie bill authorizes the 
Regent* of the University, wlm are the agency of the 
Htale for the interests of higher education, to pro- 
mote the new system in New York. In the good 
work they should have the efficient co-operation of 
the colleges of the State. At the hearing before the 
committee many of the most eminent presidents of 
college* appeared, to express not only their hearty 
approval, but to engage their aid. They know that 
while university extension cannot do all that the 
college does, it reaches the great host who cannot 
reach the college, while the general culture and en- 
couragement of study which it supplies greatly Stim- 
ulate general interest in the higher education which 
is the sphere of the college*, and strengthen their 
hold upon public confidence and support. 


THE ROYAL LABOR COMMISSION. 

The appointment of the Royal Commission on 
laibor in England is an event of great interest. It 
is not only a sign of wise determination not to as- 
sume that there is no question, but the composition 
of the commission indicates a desire that the question 
shall hr treated by a body of the ablest representative 
men in tlie kingdom. It is. indeed, allege*! that the 
uumberaiid ability of tlie commissioners will perplex 
their work. But as their work is investigation and 
not the udoplion of a scheme, neither the ability nor 
the numbers are likely to produce mischief. Lord 
Haktinutos la chairman, and, with laird Derby, lie 
is a good representative of tlie great hereditary land- 
owner. Mr. Mcndblla and Mr. Leonard Courtney 
are public men of great experience and of liberal in- 
stinct*. Mr. Muxdei.la especially being very famil- 
iar with the labor question and interest. There arc 
also well-known directors of great aud various me- 
chanical and manufacturing and commercial compa- 
uies and industries, aud Mr. JicatsK Colli nub. the 
nqiecial advocate of tlie agricultural laborers. With 
tin?** are eminent university professors of economics 
and jurisprudence, uud Mr. Thomas Manx, president 
of the Dockers' Uuiou and organizer of strikes. Tlien 
are twenty-seven commissioners in all. Mr. McCar- 
thy was asked to name a member, and he suggested 
Michael Davitt. and was angry tliat Mr. Davitt was 
not up|M>intcd. It is nut clear why lie was not. If 
lie is an Irish agitator. Mr. Mann is a labor agitator, 
and it would If. of great advantage to bring the two 
interests of labor and capital personally face u> face. 

The appointment of the commission and it* com- 
position belong to the wise statesmanship which deals 
with facts and not theories. To insist that there is 
no labor question is like insisting that there is no 
Irish question. Englishmen point out that Ireland 
is governed very much as England is; that Mr. Bal- 
fyu'r pursues a firm hut not unfriendly course; that 
tenants ought to pay rent or leave the farm ; and that 
England doe* much more lo take care uf tlie Irishman 
than of the Englishman. But the Englishman who 
says this is often blind to tlie real cause of Irish dis 
content, which is, tliat England will not allow Ireland 
lo take care of herself. Tlie difficulty is of a kind 
which England especially ought to understand, be- 
cause no country would reject more energetically 
than England the supervision of another people, or 
tolerate with less patience the plea of that jieople 
that under the paternal care of Scotchmen, for in- 
stance, Englishmen ought to be content. In tlie 
same way it is a dull slntcxmatiship which holds that 
there cannot be any real labor question because of 
the great law of supply and demand. If a laborer is 
not satisfied, he is a free agent and can go elsewltere 
This is not an uuswer to those who feci that practi- 
cally they are not free ugents; that the vast combi- 
nation and organization of capital is a tyranny as 
heartless and crushing as that of an absolute mon- 
arch ; and that organized labor must take care of it- 
self, and is infinitely stronger than what it calls it* foe. 

This convict ion, in an age of general education , suf- 
frage, aud oo operation, present* a new situation. It 


APRIL as, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


299 


will not bo satisfied will* what it regards a* atarva 
linn under the great law nf demand and supply, until 
it is evident either that starvation is not the alterna- 
tive or that it is ne tt w ry. The appointment of the 
com mission is the earnest of u thorough and sincere 
inquiry. lh» rewnlta of which will is; interesting and 
authoritative for labor, because labor Cannot make 
such inquiries for itself- But. still more, the inquiry 
will be serviceable because it i* the sigu of a reason- 
able and friendly spirit, and not of the mere defiance 
and hostility which seemed to lie the tone of the gov- 
ernment in England seventy years ago. The discon- 
tents were then acute and criminal, and it was neces- 
sary to keep the peace ami enforce law. There is no 
such situation now, but there is a general and wider 
organization of labor, a more universal discussion, 
and a growing consciousness of power. The appoint- 
ment of the commission is wise, because it shows su- 
periority to the ostrich statesmanship which sees no- 
thing because it shuts iU eyes. 


THE COPYRIUUT DINNER. 

The congratulatory dinner of the Authors’ Copyright 
League »n* a very Datura! i-ipresriun of •atisfaetion with 
the pniauge of the bill, which, a* Mr. Ixiweij. soiii, acknow- 
ledge* the principle for which the league has contended. 
The presence of tint chief guests of the evening. Senator 
Piatt and the Representatives in Congress win* secured Uie 
passage nf lire hill, and Count Kf.ii stkv. who hurl hastened 
to this country from Fiance to bring tint felicitations of a 
sislcr republic, gave peculiar interest to the occasion. Mr, 
STKDMan, iis a representative m»o of letters, presided hap- 
pily in Mr. LoWKU»'s absence, and there were maby speeches. 

The tone of lb* speaking was one of congratulation upon 
a moral victory; but there was no concealment of the truth 
Hint tire bill was a compromise, but a compromise which had 
not sacrificed the etueuiiai principle. Senator Piatt, who 
w as the skilful guide of the bill through the Senate, thought 
that the English or other foreign author ought to be «m»- 
fled if he were placed practically upon mi equality with tbo 
American author. However that may lie. the way to copy- 
right is certainly open to him if lie chooses to avail himself 
of tlic conditions. 

Mr. McAooo, of New Jersey, said that lie regarded the 
bill as the most important tbut passed at the last seadiMi. 
Mr. Loduk said that tlie great central principle had been 
carried, and that the law would remain, and Mr. Stepman 
held its passage to be another illustration that right makes 
might. Mr. PuYXAM spoke for the publishers, anil no one 
could have a better right thin the sou of bU father; and Mr. 
Johnson. who lias been decorated by the French govern- 
ment, acknowledged gracefully the tributes paid to him by 
the member* uf Congress as the efficient agent of the Author*' 
League in securing the passage of the bill, It was on evening 
of sincere satisfaction in a memorable event — the victory, ns 
Senator Hoar Mid in his letter, of copyright over copy wrong. 

T1IE CITIZEN'S AND TIIE STREETS. 

Tiik admirable report of the advisory committee upon 
street-cleaning in the city of New York ho* Ihjco followed 
by a visit lo tbo Mayor of a great number of the most promi- 
nent cltlluBS of the city, who prorated an addmtt engaging, 
wills the Mayor's approval, to establish and maintain for a 
yeur. without cost to the city, a bureau of information con- 
cerning all matter* of street cleanliness. A Street-cleaning 
Aid Society hat been foiined also, the member* id which 
pledge themselves in specific del ail* to keep the sidewalks 
in front of their residences swept and free front rubbish, 
and to report at the office of the society all negligence wlticlt 
they observe in tlie cwre of the street*. 

* It was an exceedingly imposing demonstration, and an il- 
lustration of public spirit which is very unusual in New 
York. The Mayor was probably surprised by BUrh an im- 
preaaive visit, which showed a disposition to Insist upon 
some matters which another kind of influence and counsel 
hut hitherto controlled, Ho said that while he menut to do 
nil Hint he could do. there were yet Mime difficulties which 
the committee might not have considered. The report of 
tire coiuinle-kiHi.be was sure, would do more good Ilian could 
now bo calculated, and he hoped noon lo make definite nu- 
iHHincumenln which would gratify the community. 

The general plan of tlie citizens wIm* wailed upon the 
Mayor is lo ask authority from the Legislature for tlie Board 
of KM i male to make arrangement* to carry ioto immediate 
effect the recommendations of tbo advisory commiiicr 
TlreM nrt* simple, and would dotlbtfom prove to be effective, 
hut they contemplate a radical change in the traditional meth- 
ods of city tabor not unlike that which Secretary Tract it 
preparing for labor in tlie navy yanls. Tire change, how 
e vor. eon wist* merely in ibe adoption of business metltods of 
doinK htiwinrwa. The visit to the Mayor was a vary Interest- 
ing sign of the time*. 

TIIE PRESIDENTS TOUR. 

Tice President'* tour arm** the continent, which will car 
ry hint through a part of the Southern Stales, may be easily 
of good service, it is not impossible that it has some poll:- 
|r-al purpose, and it is very certain that it will have a polit- 
ical remit. It will tot the feeling of Ibe region through 
which he panun. A general and cordial welcome to the 
President of the United State* would show a patriotic feel- 
inff «»f tire* best augury, and all lire more Ik- cause tlie Presi- 
dent i** the official chief of a party to which a very large 
part of the mure intelligent population uf the Southern 
State* i* hostile. 

A* a menturc of peraaaal political advantage such a trip 
I* always of doubtful value. Uulure a President hua a per- 


sonal at Intel h*n of manner — the quality which was so mark- 
ed lu Henry Clat — it i* very doubtful whether ire com- 
mend* himself personally Ui than* who see him ami offer 
their respect to the Chief Magistrate. If It be surmised tluit 
Ilia trip is nn electioneering lour. Ire mu* Irate a " magnet- 
ic " address to prevent it from lH.-cr>ming injurious to him. 
Poor ANDREW Johnson, swinging around ibe circle aud 
carrying tire CY>u*II(uihmi with him, is an awful warning to 
all Presidents wbn have not a distinct personal aacnidencv. 

From such a trip the Problem. of course, can gain hut a 
gtimpre of the country tb rough which be travels, ami a 
mere superficial impression of everything that he ms. But 
his courteous reception as the constitutional President will 
lend to soften harshness of preconception, and the tone of 
kindly response in which he will naturally acknowledge his 
welcome will perhaps suggest the wisdom of a similar tone 
of feel log in estimating lire view* aud feelings of those 
wl»m he addresses. The fact that the Preside nt dor* not 
travel os a partisan, but *s the Chief Magistrate of tire whole 
country, ought to be of lirueiU os reminding him that al- 
though under tire party system be inevitably bolds the gen- 
eral views of a party, be may hold them without offensive 
partisanship. " lie serve* bU party best who serve* bis 
country moat." Thu President will be attended upon fab 
Journey by universal goodwill. If lie Is going to see (he 
country, the country will also aee him. 


AN HONORABLE AMENDE 

Titr. issue last year of Captain CilARUM Kino's Oim- 
jtaigH 1*1(7 triift Crook by tire Messrs. Harter occasioned a 
controversy, growing out of certain statements in the book 
reflecting upon the character of Mr. H. B. DAVKNIkHtT. re- 
ferred to a* ” Mr. !>.. correspondent of the New York Urr- 
o&f." and the hook was withdrawn from publication. The 
publication herewith of Captain Kino's letter, fully relracl- 
ittg aud apologizing for these charge*, bring* the controversy 
to nn end. bring, as we understand, entirely satisfactory to 
Mr. DAVKxrotsT; and the Kotin, Harter accordingly an- 
nounce tlrat they will promptly resume the publication of 
Captain Kino’s l*uok, for which there bus liccn an urgent 
demand, excluding the stalrmenU complained uf, and lubsti- 
tutiug therefor new material. 




To Ufukett B. Aireuyorr. -Vnt Conn. : 

The (Wilnnmr miillin* from die publication of my work on 
tire Nuax csnqalgv, nf laTfi lias homeUl In osy *ll*nli..u fact* un- 
known to me at tire lime that work "ns writun, Though what I 
sail) of you In dul work was mill in good faith, and up-on what I 
tlreo bdieved to he sufficient evidence, I am now mu.tlid that I 
did you a great inj*»lice. It i* only liy sect lent that I have this 
week come upon i-vidrwc* la jowr favor wlucli totally aiwt* ev#vr 
Opinion I hail hitherto furrool of your rervluct *t tire *(f*ir uf 
Slim limti-i snd ebcwlicee. I wrote U» you in th-kilrer last, Hay- 
ing tint if I found tnv authorities unable to -uilrsuntiatc sll thry 
ccnv a.U-gv.l, I would Wader you «r«*y anu-mir In toy jniwcr. anil 
this I now liar-ten to da 

It was on Urn authority of many officers and soldier* that, in 
writing home three Tears after the campaign, I referred to a cer- 
tain ciMTcwpotodent, Jlr, 1),, aft “ a desperate coward, - ’ anil as wit- 
nearing Kitts's nuH-niag stuck un tire Indian riUspn m a Mate of 
"ibjM terror." I wrote williowt the faintest malice, bwt in 
implicit faith in thu uuth uf every word, For fourteen inn I 
hvliuvrti it unrcwerviKlir. and might have cone on twliering it to un- 
dying day but for tlic n-pablicalioa of the shi-Wbcw butt fall, stv-J 
the rvftulnml controversy. 

I now desire publicly lo retract that n'decaliim— to retract it 
utterly, both in letter and in spirit I desire to way that 1 now 
bottom that rxhamrioii and Illness prevented jtawr j lining in the 
Halit with Colonel llli.n*. nnd that aocc In the Tillage, and al- 
though, as yon say, merely a new-psper cocTvwpowiieut. yon took 
Tour |>licr in the foremost line of rifle pats, ready to do your share 
In holding thu piintein. I dr-irv u, M »y that I Imre the testimony 
of Captain Ciurlih Jfc*n>\, Third Chralry, to tie- .-iT.-,-i that you 
rode hr Ills side no the fighting tine at a previous sffiiir — the Ruse- 
bud, June ITth — and bora yourself with osduese and bravery. I 
■lewiro to say that in tbis limiter of your personal courage I IwUrie 
you to have beat utterly imsjuJg.il, nut (bat in deep slid sincere 
regret fur wry own .bare in the mutter I sIkeII do far mure to cor- 
rect til# wrong iusprewslnh lu the future than 1 lime drew to riiea- 
late it in (lie past 

As to the other unfavorable references to you lo my pigrs, I 
mean lo uldilerule them entirely, ttrllevibg this to b# only juftl, in 
view of the wrong I hare oninlewtiunally done you nil tlu-se yesrs. 
And now, sir. hsvihg retracted as fully a« I know how, there re 
mains Iml oar thing more. The comrade. — mid indeed owie of 
your own doth— alio protest. si agwliwt any farli action on my 
jxirl have no* seem the letter* I hare seen uiibin tlm (wst work. 
Ill spite of tlirir pioteits. In spite of tbe pmteiu of grallt-men 
who hare read ji«r references toaem tlic press, U Spite of lliosc 
references lliL-maelvos, I say hi that I am thankful foe the op- 
portunity of ninking an umeurf. due as much to mv own harm! on 
to your*, and Min lb lo say that fre tin wrong i did in referring 
lo you os snd believing tuu a coward, I sincerely ask your pardon. 

[Signed] I'u a m re Kihii, 

Coftain I'm i/oi StaJrt A 'Toy 


REFORM IN THE INDIAN SERVICE 

The Preside nt, before leaving upon his Journey, ilireried 
that a portion of the Intliau service tie |<luct«l uiuh-r the civil 
service rule*. The order applies I o su|<enui cmlents of sehnols, 
teaelkini. inatrrai*, assistants. and farmer*— about six hundred 
employe* in all. Tlie matter was deelded afler careful ooci- 
fere nee with Ibe coaiiuissianers. who will prepare tlto rule* 
ImiiM-dUtely. Tbb is the first extension of the rule* by the 
President, mid the desirability of such action Ira* born ur- 
gently called to Iris attention. The National Reform League, 
in 1h**, under the 1 'I.evei.and administration, the Indian 
( 'oramiKsinneiN.ond the Cambridge Amocialion, n few month* 
sinew, earnestly rreommen.led the extension, and Mr. IIkr- 
■riit W Klall's psfier in .SrriAnee's .Viijutn n# w us a conclusive 
argument for it. 

The ! 'n-dilenl's order and Uie action of Uie Secretary of 
the Navy in regard lo labor in the navy yards are fulfilments 
of tlie pledges of the Repuhliean platform, of which hitherto 
there has not aeeined to he much prospect, but which will be 
cordially acknowledged by every friend of reform, Tlic 
President is understood to have felt aggrieved by the cen- 


sures pirated upon his course in regno) to tlie civil service. 
But upon reflection lie would hardly find that censure to lw 
iinjunt. Fur, exre|<l the appointment of the excellent Ciril 
Service Commission, In wlntt iwrticular, during ibe two year* 
of his ailiiiinUtrniion. Ira* he fulfilled lii* pledge*? We ask 
the i]ut-"linn not at all to depreciate lire present art. bill lo 
remind those who think that civil service reformers are un- 
reasonably hostile lo Ibe President Ural they would have 
gladly acknowledged and appreciated any such action at 
any earlier period of the aduiiuifttretlon. 

Tim impatience of many Republican* with the friend* of 
reform is like that of the UrmocraU under the hue adminis- 
tration. Hut in their cooler momenta such Republican* would 
admit that if the last administration was properly described 
by lire league os uol a ciril service reform administration, 
tire lettuuc would have Ixeu justly a laughingstock if at any 
time during Uie Uu two years it trait declared that the ad- 
ministration hail kept the reform pledge* of its party. Every 
friend of good government will rejoice in tire President'* 
anion, ami no one can note the recent report of tbo Mayor's 
commission in this city, and Secretary Tract’s adoption of 
tbo labor registry, and the President's extension of the rules 
to part of tire Indian service, without Mieing bow surely nnd 
steadily the reform procttxU and commends itself tu public 
approval. 

MR. BLAINE'S LATEST LETTER. 

The latest letter of Secretary Blaine to lire Ilalinu gov- 
ernment is entirely courteous, candid, uud conclusive. It 
point* out the inconsistency between lire original demand uf 
Italy and tire Milxrequenl slaienreul of the demand, and siren s, 
by citing tire words of lire Secretary * first letter, that he 
mafic no ai-knoaMgiirent tlrat an Indemnity wax due, hut 
only Ural tire United State* have recognized the principle of 
indemnity tn persons who may hare been wronged by vio- 
lation of right* secured by treaty. This, however, implies 
inquiry and proof of such violation. 

Secretary Blaine then cites in detail the case of the Span- 
ish demand forty year* ugo. when nn attack wan mode by tlic 
mob on lire Spanish Uuimilste ID New Orleans, and the 
United State* declined to acccdo to tire demand for indem- 
nity, on tire ground that tlic aggrieved foreign subjects, vol- 
untarily resident in this country, had precisely tire same 
means of redress tlrat were open to our own citizens, will* 
the right, if they nre not citizens, of action in the United 
Stales court* if they prefer. The Secretary candidly slates 
the circumstances of difference between the case of INI and 
Unit of ltSSM, and toy* that If Uie inquiry now proceeding 
should show Uiat the care cun he prosecuted only in the 
Stale courts of I/ruuiana. snd prosecution is not Instituted 
in thore court*, which the United Slate* Cannot nssum.- iu 
advance, it will remain for lire United States to consider 
whether some other form uf redrcM may be asked. If it 
should appear that Italian subjects ptuperly within our juris- 
diction and within our penou had been injured In violation 
of the treaty, the President would feel tlrat the case should 
be submitted to Congrws, 

The correspondence of Secretary Blaine throughout tbis 
case has been conducted in perfect temper, and with a lucid- 
ity of sUtcmrnt which leaves nothing to be desired. But 
tire incident shows the necessity of u clearer expression in 
treaties of the kind of redress which wt- gusraulee. 

PERSONAL. 

F.VEKY one who saw the bust of (•enerel KiikkmaX by 
AlTOL'ftTV* Nr.rtAt'HKNs nt tire spring Academy in IHtH.and 
those who know hi* Admiral FaKRault in Mariianu Square, 
will give a sigh of relief now that it is setlied that he is In 
execute the SHERMAN staruo fur the city, 'fire Fahisaui t 
statue is a constant edncaliiHi. and teaches a daily lewum 
to every one who passes it; and it assures tlie public that 
the Siikrman statue will Ire nobly doon. Both tire city 
and Mr. W. OAl'IrBXfl are l» ire (-••ugratulaled. 

— Henry M. Stanley left this nmutry lost week for 
Knglai.fi. faking with hint |lt>i,INNr as Ills coui|renHMti<in fur 
the ha ml red lecture* delivered between November lllfa and 
April 4th. 

A unique character in tire Princeton College faenitv is 
Jmi'ni K'.ii.ik, I'rufeireiiol' Mml.-rti Irangunge*. Ad vent 'lie 
aud experience of a rough nature have marked his life, tire 
earlier part of which was spent lu Europe. ('.Miring from 
a family of Polish gentlemen who made arms their pn»f.-w- 
sioii. Ire went Into the Gcruiau army mmii after fiuiahing 
his nuiveniity ed nes lion, and for a tim* waa daaaly •**..- 
elated with Prince FltKI'KRK K. Later on the Polish iusnr- 
reeliiiu diew him into it, and uiaiIi; a lunger rrsldeoeo 
withiu Russian dominions lllldrsiral.lo. So tire ardent Pole 
enure to this country, uud won diatlnetiou in the I'limn 
army before be settled down aa a pailugogire under the 
alradow of ol.l Nassau. 

— Thera are few sadder incident* than tli* dentil of 

t 'on ii t Urananuerr m WllRtingtou, thkwtn, hanlty a 

fnrtuight after hi* marriage to Mini EtXKX, one of tbo 
da'ighten. of ex-fiecrelary ItAYARu. Thu ymug C.Miut, al- 
though uf a mild.! ami wealthy family, came to this coun- 
try not a* a titled fortune-hunter. but to study naval archi- 
tecture in Its moat practical hearing*, and his ptogrem was 
marked. 

- -Tim Manchester (.Martfuia (England t, speaking of Gen- 
eral LkWAL’B “ most interesting paper on the French army” 
ill llAurKU’s M/MUffiBi for April, says of it* author tliat Ire 
“Is one of the muHt diatingnishnl flgnrea of which tire 
French army <an hnst, He ha* lire practical experience 
of nearly fifty year*’ service. In 1"*4 the mauu-uvre* of 
the Seventeenth Army C«r|.», of nbieli lit- was comaiaiMicr, 
excited tlie admiration of the military world. From this 
high eomnraml lie passed to the Ministry' of War, in whiub 
Ire otlceeeiled <reiii-r»l Uampenon. His great reputation 
rests perhaps as much on hi* writings a* on bis skill a* a 
roiuuiandcr. Of all modem French writers on war he Is 

the ablest, the most original, the most onryclopetlic No 

higher authority eoai.l have Ireen found to wrtle for the 
public at large on the French urwiy.” 


r 


300 


HAKPEli’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. ITS 2. 



W'i'.'.l. il, 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


301 



' II< rujr to tics** i trow tbt boot— 
till, loin- ta mo minx ! 

Bet the ink '•I gli-ss cim» la mjr tSoev 
And Nut* t*«*l tin kina. 


“ Tti* n«*Nl (txai ruM to in 
^iiil atckwvtJ ro w«t Irn, 
Axil niBo IS wblmburMl tint 
WT • Jutuk, tM ido £0." 


mgh tbo sink 
— Oi* luua. 


Tk^OTHlNG is caak-r than the administration of so 
[V t'tuplru fro long as there la a supply of admlnistm 
A. 1 ton. >'001101;, 00 the other buna, ia more difficult 

llntti sIkwi hawled administration. In Iudia, where 
every man bolding authority above ft rtvtaiu grade intiat 
1 m: specially imported from England. this difficulty crops 
up at unexpected seasons. Then tlto great empire *<ng- 
gera along, like a North Sea fishing- smack, with u crew of 
two men and it boy, uuiil a fresh supply of food for 
fever arrives from England, and the gap* are filled up. 
Some of the provinces’ are permanently sbort-bn tided, be- 
calm their rulers know thnt if they give a in»n just a little 
more work than be enu do, be coutrlvM to do it Prom the 
m-io's point of view this U wasteful, but It lieljxt the empire 
forward. and flesh and Wood are very cheap. Tlx? young 
nun— and young men tiro nl ways exacting— expect loo much 
at ibu outset. They roat/o to India dial ring careers nod 
money and a lilllr siicccM, nnd sometimes a wife. There it 
nu limit to their desire*, but in u few years It Is explained to 
them lty the sky above, the enrth beneath. ami the men 
around, that they are of far lest importance than their work, 
nnd that it really does not concern them reive* whether they 
live or die *0 long os thus work continues. After they have 
learned (Ilia lesson, they become men worth roiuidc ration 
Many reason* ago tire gods attacked the adlululStratiOD of 
tbc government of India in tbo heart of tbo hot reuton. 
They caused pestilences and famines, and killed the men who 
were deputed to deal w ith each pestllcnr* ami every famine. 
They rolled (lie mud I- pox acroas a desert, and it killed four 
Englishmen, one after the oilier, leaving thirty thousand 
square miles masteries* for many days. They even caused 
the cholera to nttnek tire reserve depots— the sanitaria ia Jlic 
Himalaya*— when- men were waiting on leave till their turn 
should come to go down into tbo beat. They killed men with 
sunstroke who otherwise Blight Imre lired fur three months 
longer, and— this w*s mean - they caused n strong man to 
tumble from bis burse and break hi* neck just when be wim 
most needed. It will not be loug, that Is to say. five or six 
yean will pass, before those who «urvired forget that season 
of Uib-,iUii<wi, when llrey duuced at tsDiln with wire* who 
feared that they might Ire widows before the morning. and 
when the daily papers from the plains confined themselves 
entirely to one kind of dotBNtlo occurrence. 

Only the supreme government never blanched. It *nt 
upon tire bill t«p« of Simla tunimg the pine*, and called for 
returns nod statement* ns usual- Sometimes It called to 11 
deoil man. hut it always received the return* aa soon as bis 
friicotsMur cuoM take his place. 

Itirki tu of Mytrdonht died, iiml was relieved by Carter. 
Carter won invalided homo. hut he worked to the Inst minute, 
and Irfl no arrears. He wn* relieved by Mortcn-lloll. who 
vra» too young for tbe work. IT'dt died of sunstroke when 
the famiuii wo* in Myndimie. lie was rtlrenxl bv Dium-r. a 
man borrowed from another province, who did all he could, 
lmt broke down from overwork. Cromer, in London on n 
year's leave, was dragged out by telegram from the cool 
dnrkoc-s of a Brampton flat to the while beat of Myndonie, 
and he held fast. Thai i» the record of Myndonie alone. _ 
On the Canal three mm went down: in the Ka- 

han district, when cholera was at It* wornt, three more. In 
the Divisional Court of Hulinipur two good tarn were nmiuni- 
ed for-, and so tlie record ran, exclusive of the wives and 
little Children. It was a great tame of general poat, with 
d«Uh in all the corners, nod it drove tue government to 


their wits’ end to tide over (lie trouble <itl autumn should 
bring tbo new draft*. 

The gods had no merry, hut tbc government and tbc men 
it cm ployed had no four. Tills annoyed the gods, who are 
bnniurul. for they perceived, thst Ure men whoso portion 
was death were greater than they. Tire gods are always 
troutiled, even ia their paradise*, by ibis KMf of inferiority. 
They know that it is no easy fur themselves to be strong and 
cruel, and they are afraid of bciag laughed at. 80 they 
smote more furiously than ever, just as a swordsman slashes 
at a cfcnin to prove tbc temper of bis blade. The chain of 
men parted for an instunt at the stroke, but it cluacd up 
again, and continued to drag the empire forward, and not 
(ini' living link of it rang false or was weak. Ail desired 
life, and lore, and tire light, and lirjuor, and larks, but none 
111* less (hey died without whimpering Therefore the gods 
would have continued to slay them till this very day bad 
not one man failed. 

Hit name was Haydon, and being young, be looked for nil 
that young lueu desire; moot of all, be looked for love. He 
hud been at work in (be Girdbnurl district for cloven 
months, till fever and pressure had shaken bis nerve more 
(ban bn knew. At U»t be had takeu the holiday that wax 
bb right — the lroiitlay for which be had saved up one month 
a year for three year* past Keyte, a Junior, relieved him 
OIK' hot ufieruuoti. Haydon diut his ink stained office box, 
packed himself some thick dollies— he had t*reu living in cot- 
ton ducks for four month*— gave hi* file* of sweat-dotted pa- 
per*, *aw Kcyto slide a piece of blotting paper between tire 
uaked urtn aud the desk, and left thnt parched station of 
mating dust storms for Simla ami tbc cool of tbo snowa. 
There bo fouud rest, and the pink hlotcbea of prickly heal 
faded from bis body, nod being idle, be weut acourting 
without knowing it. After a decent interval he found him- 
wlf drifting very gently along the road that leads to the 
dburcb.and a preuv girl helped him. lie enjoyed hi* meal*. 
wa» free from the’ Intolerable attain of bodily discomfort, 
and aa he looked from Simla upon the torment of tho ( 11 - 
Tcr-wrappcd plains below, lunched to think he bad escaped 
honorably, and could tulk prettily to a pretty girl, who, bo felt 
cure, would ill a little limu answer nu important question a* 
it should be answered. 

a But out of natural perversity and an inferior physique. 
Kevte. at Girdliauri, one evening laid hi* Itead upon bi* 
table and never lifted it up again, iuid ucw* was flashed up 
to Simla that tin: diatrirt 01 Glrdhnuri called for a new head. 
It never occulted to Haydon that be would be in nay way 
coucenml till Ilxoirrton. a secretary of tire goverument, 
(topped him on lire Mull, and suid- 

' I'm afraid— I’m very much afraid— that you will have 
to drop your leave anil go burk to Ulrdbnnri You *cc 
Keyte’s dead, and— and wit Iiavo no me else to send except 
yourself. The renter s u very short one Ibis treason, uod you 
look much better than when you came up. Of court* I'll 
dn nil I can to spare you. but I'm afraid— I'm very much 
afraid — lhal von will have to go down." 

The government, on the oilier hand, was not in the least 
nfriiiil. It won quite certain that Haydon must go down, 
lie was in moderately good health, laid enjoyed nearly » 
Ui"t>tlra hofuiuy, and the nwh of the Mate Wife "urgent. Let 
him, they said, return to hi* work at Glrdbauri He mint 
forego his leave, hut some timr, in the ymrs to come, tire 
government might rvfwy 1 dm the lost month*. If it were no* 
loo short bunded. In lire mean limn be would return to duty. 

Tlie assistant* in the lint-bn of Jntiuu are oil intiimilc 
friend* of tire nine who mint dir. They like bi in immensely, 
nud they bring him the newsof his doom with polite sorrow. 
But he must die, for that i> required of him. 

I In merlon would have *q*»ivd lluydon bud it licen possible, 
but, indeed. be was tbc healthiest ‘man in die ranks, and Ire 
knew tlie district- "You wIJi go down tomorrow, - ' gaM 
Ilamertnn. " The regular mxificntlon will appear la the <?u- 
»tu later on- Wc can't Mod ou forms this year." 


Haydon Mud nothing, because then* who govern Indio obey 
the law. He looked— it wna evening — at in* line of the nun- 
flutlu-sl snows forty miles to tbe east, ami tire pnlpitnling brut 
hare of the plain* fifty mile# to the west, and hi* heart sunk. 
He wislied (o slay in Simla to Ooutinue bis wooing, and lie 
know too welt lire torments that wore in stone for him In Gir- 
tlltauri. Ilis nerve was broken. Tbe coolness, tbe dances, tin* 
dinner* that wero to come, ibe aceot of tbo rUaila ploe* and 
tire wood ssuokc. the canter »f horses' feet on tbe crowded 
Mall, turned his heart to water. He could have wept p*»di>u- 
alcty, like a Little child, for bis lost holiday and his lost hire, 
and, like a little child balked of its play, he Ucame filled 
with cheap spile that can only hurt tire owner. Tire nun at 
the club were sorry for him, but be did not want to Ire con- 
doled with. lie wn* angry and afraid. Though lie iveug- 
micd tbc ueftwfrity of the injustice that had been done to 
him, he concctrw! that it could all be put right by yet another 
injustice, and then— and then somebody else would have to 
do iti* work, for he would he out of it forever, 

He reflected on Ibis while be was hurrying down lire hill- 
aides, after a last interview with tire pretty girl, to whom he 
bod said nothing that was uot commonplace and incouclu- 
oive, Tlii* las* failure mode him tire more angry wiili him- 
self, aud tire spite and lire rage increased. Tire nir grew 
warmer nnd warmer as the cart rallied down tli<- mom. rain 
road, till nl lost the but. Slide stillness of the plains closed 
over his lrend like heated oil, ami Ire gasped for breath 
among the dry date-palms at Kalita. Then came tire long 
level ride into Umballn ; the stench of dust which breed* «U>- 
npe:i ; Ure lime washed wall* of I'luballa atati-un, hot to Ike 
hand though it was eleven at night: the greasy, rancid tnoal 
served by tire sweating servants: tbe hudiy trimmed lamp* 
in tbe ovVti-likc waiting-room . mu I the whining of innumera- 
ble mosquitoes. That night, be remembered, there would Ire 
a dance at Simla. He wa* a very weak man. 

Thus night Hatncrtou sat at work till late in Use old Simla 
Foreign Office, which wn* a rambling collection of match- 
boxes pocked awsy in a dark by-path under (be pines. One 
of the wandering storm* that run licforo Ure regular break 
lug of Lhe monsoou had wrapped Simla iu white mist. Tho 
ruin was roaring on the shingled, tin-natebed roof, and lire 
thunder rolled to and fro among tbc Mils as a ship rolls ia 
tbc seaway* Ilnmcrton called for n lamp and it tire to 
drive out the smell of mould and forest undergrowth that 
crept ia from die wood? Tbc clerk* and secretaries bad 
left Ure office two hours ago. and there remained only one 
native orderly, who set the lamp and went awny. Hnmer- 
ton returned to his papers, and the voice of tbe rain rose itud 
fell. In tbc pause* he could catch Ure crunching of ‘rick, 
show whirl* and Ibe clatter of bursts' feet going to tbc 
dance at U10 Viceroy's, Tbe*c ceased at last, nod the rain 
with them, Tbc tlmudeT drew oil. muttering, toward lire 
plains, and all lire dripping pine-trees sighed with relief. 

" Orderly," raid Hnmcrtan. He fancied that be lienriJ 
somebody 'moving about tire room* There wa» no answer, 
except n deep drawn breath at lire door. It might conic 
from a panther prowling about tbc verandas In searrb of a 
net dog, but panther* generally muffed in a deeper key. 
litis was a (hick, gasping lrecatb, aa of one who leui been 
running swiftly, or lay io deadly pain Hnnu-i totj listened 
again, ‘lliere certainly whs somebody moving alreut the 
Foreign Office. He could hear board* ervakiug in far-off 
rooms, nnd uncertain steps on Ike rickety slaimlM-, 8inrct 
the clock marked close upon midnight, uo one iuul a right 
to b«* in the office. Hamvrtou liad picked up tire lantp, arul 
wa* going to make a search, when ilie ateps aiul the heavy 
bn-alliing came to tire dour ngaiu, and slaiti. 

" Who's there r -utid Hamerton. "Cotne in." 

Again tire heavy hreatbinff, and a Uiirk. short cough. 

*'»Vho rclk-vra lluydon?" said a voice outside. " "Hay- 
doo! Haydon! Dying at ITmlmlla. Ue enu't go till be ta 
relieved. Wbo rellevea Haydon?" 

llmncrtoo daxlred to the door nnd opened it, to find a 


Google 


Digit 



302 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOI.I VK XXXV. so. 17ft* 


stolid messenger from thr telegraph office, 
breathing through liis i»o«e. after tire manner 
of native*. The man brill oat a telegram. 
" 1 could not Itmi llie room at Ors*." be said. 
*• I* tlu-rc an answer?" 

The telegram wan from the slatloD-maatcr 
ill I'lntuUla, and Kid “ Englidinxan killed, 
uj* mail 43, ‘lipped from platform. Dying, 
llaydon. Civil Inn. Inform government." 

' ' There »* no answer,” said lluinertou ; and 
the man went away But tire fluttering wbU- 
per at the door continued: 

" Ilavdou! Jl.iydnil Who relieve* Hnv- 
dnnT II" must not go till be b relieved. 
Hat'ilon! Haydon! living at I’mUdla. For 
pity’s Mike, lac quirk 

lliiinrrlon (]■• •■■irlil for a minute of the pit 
if ill I v slinn roster of nun nvuiluldc, and nn- 
»»n«l quretly. •' Flint. of Degauri." Then, 
and nut till then, did the hail La-gin to rue on 
Ilia head, mid Hnniefton, wcrattiry to govern 
meat, ncgkcling the lump and the pipers, 
went nut very quickly from llie Foreign 
Office Into the tool act night. Ilia rare 
were tingling with the sound of n dry death, 
rattle, uud he «m ufmid to continue bi» 
work. 

Now only the god* know l.y whose d««lcn 
ami inienniifi Ihiydnn hail slipped from the 
dimly liL'hled l intudU platform under lire 
vrltcel* iif tire mail tint was to hike him 
hack ti> hi* district; hut since they lifted the 
pstilmr* on bb ikaili, we tuny mouiire Hint 
tin * had proved their Niilliority over the 
toind* of men, und found one inun in ludm 
who u-ua ufmid of present pain. 


THE CITY'S BACK YARD. 

BY DAVID (JltAliAM PlHLLll’S 

Ir you Imve never been to llie <*irporn(H*n 
yard on thr lower mat side. it is Iwat to 
go down Bivingtnn Street until you come 
within »lght of the ult mast* of tire freight 
schooner* at the East Hirer docks Then 
inquire of the chkhlren. It would I*- impo*. 
sihle to in<|uire of one child; for no winner 
ilo yon atop In Hlvington Street, and look 
about you inquiringly, than n m lie of young- 
sters will Iw about you. Kivlugtou Street, 
and it* sidewalk* ix» well, ant covered with 
dust, mid a thick inbl of dust hung* ill the 
air. The children rise from thi* diet. They 
are of all age*, from (bnac hardly able to ri*e 
to those that nmu«* themselves by dashing 
up ami down and drugging tbeir feet for the 
sake of the great white cloud limy will leave 
in their wake. 

There children will about and print as sotHI 
ns they grasp what you lire seeking. They 
will also accompany von. for they like to vi* 
it the municipal yarn, and do go there on the 
shehtcM pretext. 

Just now the chief nllntclion i* a great pile 
of sand left thete by lire sewer department. 
This mod I* capable of bring changed under 
the skilful lingers of llie children into nil sort* 
of Interesting upheavals— mounds. whIIs, for 
tifirntion* It is n Iso a great pleitsurr to grub 
mound In it. as dogs grub in the earth after 
making a pretence of having 'melled n rat. 

The • hllilrvti pretend that Mine |. *. thing 

grand buried deep down in the moist, yield- 
ing pile, and dig mid hul row unlil lire* glow 
excited, and Is'gin u> lielirvc that tlu-ir pre- 
inn i« a rculiiy. 

But with the thick of rhihlien alaiut vnu, 
you will p.i«* along a low old brick wall, 
round a corner, mid come upon a gate t blown 
wide open nil day long. There is a pretty 
good cbiimr Mini. *» you and your e-oirt eu 
ler, a family of chic kens will cawnc forward 
to meet you This family knows (teller limn 
to venture brvond llie gun . hut it ha* no fear 
so long a* it fs ln«ide Theta l«n game cm-k, 
with a Having tail and pielty gisal spurs, nil 
lm|>iii|i'nt rooster, w iihagreui termruf water 
rat*, which sneak about and ninri'h up and 
down outside lire i*r>l In grval tiumbers. 
Then Miens i* a fat light l.rown hen, with 
an amiable cltuekl" mid a lazv walk. Jtixl 
now there ate half u down Unity youngster*. 
Tim juvenile contingent was nrigmnlly mudi 
larger; hnl at first tire fnniily ventured las- 
yoiul the gate into the ground palrollrd by 
the water ml* Tlie rraull great cumjiiI- 
tie*. The gsmeroek fled at the first sign of 
danger, anil the stout llglu hrown mother 
ducked helplessly. She gathered the rctll- 
nmit of lier Iwootl nliont lier ami retreated, 
to venture forth no more. 

TIim amiable family, hnving oilislied itself 
that von are nil right" will leail the way with 
much dignitv. Tlu-ir cunlidenec will give 
courage to the jbgcona, amt they will join 
the precession, and cisi along in front of the 
lien ami cock, while the tain#- swullowa will 
Hr iihoul your bend. And the foreman of 
the van! will be equally glad to ice you. and 
equally interested m seeing that you are null 
taken care of. But the children will desert 
you, arid llv to the sand pile to shout and 
laugh and throw uitid at the pigeon*. 

The Kirin ginn Htrss-t municipal lan k yard 
Bono of tire three back yards into which Mm 
lily of New York los*i'*|| that wreck and 
ruin which from lime to lime enrunilsei its 
un-eta. The eity ha* number Imok yard for 
wreck and ruins of nnothrr kind -sod nl- 
IhiMigti the Potter's Field i- not gi-nerailv 
counted and catalogued with tire three. It 
miglit well be But the three gmrnlly 
counted nre not for '* human warion* “ Kir. 
IngbHi Street is nut for "human woriotw"; 
it iieverllM'les* is f.ir things that spcilk near- 
ly as plainly aa dead fares aiariug up front 
cheap wooden bogt«. 


Jusl to the right U von enter there I* a 
1*11 white thing — the statue of u woman. She 
wa« the tJodilesa Justine once. and. with 
blindfold ere* awl stern fare, stood upon the 
top of the Illy Hull. Hut the rain* descend- 
ed. and the »i.m peeled ofT her white paint, 
tiud the wind blew away bit l*y hit her right 
hand and the scales that were' in them; and 
at last she lircume a most disreputable. look 
lug Justice. w> full of ctaclia. bo broken and 
crumbled, and she was taken down mid the 
p re be nt cupper gmldew. with eyes wide open, 
rules in her stead 

And this old woodcn.semmsl lady was pro 
nnuneed oil etveumlw»nre. and vra* brought 
to this hack yard of the city. She wn» put 
up at auction, and it is sahl tbnt stunelmly 
hnught her for Breworrl. But the smuchislv 
forgm all idiout InT.atMl sputi'i) her tlm shame 
of ia'ing hewn to pierea with iui nxe. 

So ahe ha* stixal f.ir a long time to the 
right of the entrance to the Uivingtoti Stn-et 
yanl. Her left atm has disappeared. and her 
riglit font in broken, ansi her (lowing rolaw 
nnd slem fcnturi-s are ill a sail plight. Now 
Uie swallows flutter a In ml the hole vrliere her 
arm am bung, pigeons jiercb ii|sin her heed 
and look out over the river. They have put 
up a little barbnl win* fence about lier und 
tin* chickens thrust their hetwl* lietwci n the 
wire*, and peek at the drrnying wood on 
wliieb she stands If y<«i look chm-lv at her 
fare, you will notice ihut ihrn.' i» a hitler, 
womfitl liaik in it. This may lie only the 
effect of the weather Again, she may lie 
thinking over a cnuslic little joke about the 
difference between Justice blind and Jualice 
that can nnd dors law. But a* llie otlirr 
Justice I* copper, she wouldn't mind tlic 
juke any more thin she dues the min. even 
if she could hear the sour old lady down in 
noisy, dusty Kivingtan Street. 

Ile»idc« the Unis and the children, the old 
statue hrs oilier vhilora at limes -• distant 
relative*,** it were. It frequently buppeus 
that when the wagon of the flnn-nit of Kn- 
cnmbmncni comes into tlse yanl. It hiw 
perclMsl high in fmnt the sign of some un- 
fortunate cigar dealer— nu Indian chief, or 
eld with a package of rignm extended in- 
vitingly But these visitors simti go, no mat- 
ter lii>w Intletvd they are. leaving their dis- 
tinguished relative to reflect upon the sor- 
row* of gmilllcAB 

It is a wonderful jumble of stuff Ihnl these 
* agouti Wing in for llie Inspection of the 
hinU and ibn children. It reprearala mis- 
fortune ami 'Hireling of all kinds, an well as 
mere trivialities. 

That wooden awning was taken down be- 
cause It uiis against the law. and with it* 
down taking n blot dlMn|»prnn'd. Hut lltat 
strvrl stand whb wbern some unforl unate wild 
his goods, until hi* husinem left him. uud the 
stniid hccaine an encumlirauce, This truck 
was Irft overnight in tlu- slns't, nnd tlie 
owner will claim It But llw trink next to 
it stood uncliiimeil for month* in an alley, 
where Mieowr-cr had left it at night, to return 
for it in the morning He never did return, 
and kl whs his means of making a living. 
lYihupa la- lie* in the Held for human en- 
cumbrance* while hi* trin k ‘taiui* hero. 
There is u L« sit I dark* *1 and and chair which 
tony tell a similar story. 

OlNNi in a while the wagon brings a lot of 
stuff which is i}i*owri In a heap among the 
odds nnd nida. aiul which s|s-aks of instant 
misery, ll represent* nil the holBebold goods 
and Hmllcla of some family which bus been 
di*p*>»«->*cd for not piviug it* rent. Tlicrc 
will l«p» rickety obi I* if. a wretched mniiteM 
or no. iicliairor two, n stove perh.ips, n bit of 
cheap iiimI now uUeriy worn carpet. Tbb 
mean* thui some family. now ailrifi and home- 
lei**. h;x* gone ilowu. down, selling all llial 
pawnbroker or Junk denier would buy. sink- 
ing to poverty, to -tu mile. a almost and at 
lust driven from even llie M-mhUnee of lionu- 
And this pitiful heap will twit I* resleeined. 
In one of these lanp* there was a broken 
nudlr, a holthy horse with llie tail ami the 
inaoe and the leg* off. a ebromoof the Virgin 
with u hole knocked in it, a worked mollo 
"Ood hh-saotir Home " 

Them: thing* were all piled up with the 
dimiao against the cradle, where it cuuld Is- 
seen best. The chihireu who play in Ihcyard 
went wild over the hobby-horse. *ml otic of 
them trunk* off with it when the foreman wo* 
not looking-, but the tnoiin and the climmo 
were mu disturbed. Tim lards »nd the chick 
cum M-giink-il them afar off. A rat gnawed 
the frame of tlm motto, and one illuming the 
foreman found tbe " (3ud Bless" cairn out. 
Si bar a month or more "tbir Home '' sur- 
mounted the little heap of rag* and ruin*. 

Four iltne* u year the coflMitt of the yard 
are catalogued ansi sold. Here arc a few 
items from tbe list at Mm Inst sale: three 
hauls scaffolding, truck, hogshead and three 
barret*, log, abanduiwd ruruiture, swinging 
•ign, three wooden shutUm. tin awning, fruit 
Maltd.lnr boiler. steam drum, telegm ph jkiIi-*. 
Ijt»t sign. 1,TI4,(KN( feet of wire, two wooden 
horses and a door, large box. thirteen loud* 
of brick, wlmel burrow, 14 barrels eetimni. 
load nlHUidoDcd roal. Junk dealer* attend 
these sales, utid luiy up a gn ui bulk of Muff 
for a few ilollnr*. 

There is little of any value. All of it rep 
nro-nts min or demy in *omo form. Tlie 

i io;l i* us ili -i* a 'lamp limp or an 

ash tuirrcl. But it i* an interevtiug place, 
with its great variety an<l suggestivenea*. 
with the birds twittering, and the chicken* 
clucking. and the chlldx u laughing, and the 
wbtle blind goihtta* at lire guic. 


NOVA SCOTIA 8 HII’ BlTI-DIXd. 

BY .H>HS K BPKARR. 

Folt many year* |ms(. say for eighty. two 
at I vast, the seufarln-r man ban l*nt told that 
the time wa* ation coming wlten willing ship* 
would la> ran more, ’llie shapely hull, the 
Lowering spur*, the snowy rsinv** - worse 
yet. the piclurewiuc old iMiirline spike sailor 
—were all In be driven from tire sea by tiio«* 
ugly but wrvircnble black tramps, the cargo 
Blcam illlpa. Few. If any. have been found 
to deny tlie assertion, anil it followed as a 
matter of counre that if the sailing ship 
should puss away, the day of the wooden ship 
w as done a« well. for. except In special trades, 
wooden Mrutn-ships liave aln-mly been *u[mt- 
ms 1«*I. And yet If any am will' take a walk 
along the water front of any of the Atlantic 
const cilkx. and Uotaldy tbni of tbe metropo 
Iib. lie will *m! more wmak'B nailing vessels 
tlmn of any other kind, while could a man 
have con nnd the sloop* and wliooners afloat 
on the Hudson on the night of the “lit <if 
August last, he would have found many 
more, I doubt not. than were there on tire 
night of August 7. 1807. wl*eti Fulton's fiery 
□lousier sent so many wicked and *nprr»t|- 
thnis sailors to Mi* ir knee* to implore the 
protection of * kind Father. 

Uowevcr much of sentiment Mien- may be 
ill the question of ships a* discussed b> lire 
artist, the story teller, or the legislator, ships 
will lie Intill lu thi* port or that. of this form 
nr lint, of one material or another, solely ns 
the ure-dle whore loadstone is rush pin lit 

K iint* to thi* or that, tire one or the other. 

would. 1 think, have taken hut a brief so- 
journ about tbe water* of the Bay of Futtdy 
during the season of 1*1*1 to convince any 
one that, no ranitrr how serviceable retgo 
•teamen may be, very many ship nrerrlianl* 
still And the i»ri»flt they seek In tire wooden 
wiills ami iH'llying anil* of the old fosliiom'd 
cargo carrier* It w»* tire husM-t reason 
known in that locality for |icrhiipa ten ) ears. 
A* illustrating what is there called a bu*y 
■tMH, it may 1»- -aid that lietwren the iif. 
lagi-s of Parti- hut ougli and Apple River no 
le*.* than eighteen voreli were on tire slocks. 
Ilrelr sires varying from tbe PCM on coaster 
to tire mammnib opiate riggisl deepwater 
ship capable of carrying from MOO to 9000 
Ion* <U-»d weight. 

The Iniilding nf a wooden ship I* not a very 
difficult problem in ntrchaolcs. As done in 
Nova fjeotin it is really a simple matter, for 
in many yards the primitive m<-ili«sl« employ- 
ed nt Ikalon and CUouecster nnd other New 
England JKirts two hundred year* ago still 
prevail. The bmulaxe. the handsaw, lire 
a-1/.c. tire auger, and tire maul are still nlreui 
the only Inal* used in shaping tree trunks into 
suh'iiiuiial ship hull*, although few. if nnv, 
fail to take advantage nf the steam saw mill 
in culling out such ]»rta a* Utc planks anil 
celling. 

Ilow the shipowner make* a nnsh-l repre- 
sctiUng the half of tbe hull of lire prupneil 
ship, how line* are drawn on Hits model 
rcpn.-reming each frame of tbe ship: how 
Ifaeae lines are tr»n*ferrcvl to paper; uml bow 
the line* oo pn|wr arc transferred to tire 
sniimthly planed floor of tire M-cnnd story <•( ’ 
llie atorebouae in the shipyard, and there 
rolurgrd to lire full size of the frames to Ire 
uand iu lire »hi|s— treed not be told, for tire 
art is fully described in many work* on 
B*V*] amhitccture, lint Mint work is the fic*i 
done In building a ship in Nov* Semin, as 
drewhcir. 

While a tidv draughtsman hi thus engaged, 
the owner of lire ship-vim! will very likelv 
Ire tramping over the Cnlrequh! Mountains 
on snow sbotw; for wliih- ships are Inllit al 
ail seusoua, more are laid down ill winter 
thiui *t any other time. He runic* an axe 
on hi* sbniihlev, and is acrom|Kiiiicd Ity hi* 
boos woodsman, ti man who usually know* 
every Inc within twenty mile* roumlabout 
ns mt ordinal,*’ mail knows tire fare* of his 
f r tell iU Hie stories of linw these mrn. while 
iiiarkiug inn for iw in lire future ship, m 
traevs of tnnotc and Irenr and mink ami mar- 
ten-sec lire animal' Ihentaelvin— and even 
the "luclfcr devil." would dll a sportsman 
at once with delight and utirrsl. Tirewmic 
ns snow shoe trumping i* u* work for the tin- 
interested, a* rvenwlion fire one who love* the 
wood*, few outings equal a walk through the 
forest with a btao wiKaismau in hi* search 
for "natural eTiaiks" and other pieces of 
tiuda r that will fit the form of a new ship. 

Following the I iota came the men with 
axe* nnd ox trams to fell and trim Utc lm-a 
anti drag the logs to the mill or lire yard, ac- 
cording in they art to Ire shaped by the hand 
or tlie steam saw. At first acquaintance little 
or nothing would l»* noticed about these men 
to distinguish them from lumbermen iu lire 
Adirondack* or Michigan. Bill after a while 
tire ex pcrienccd noiourner nmiuig them would 
only have to 'but fti» eye* to Imagine blmaulf 
at seu. with thr watch "at the pump, for Miry 
will be found dragging tire emo-cut saw Ui 
and fro or swaying on * rope or rliain to Ibn 
rhythm of some old shanty cbnTu* like " Hiki- 
lay. Haute Anna." or " Away. Rio. " Scarce 
a man of llrem all lwtt bus mmle a deep- water 
voyage, and many can |«-*i a weutlrer eairlng 
or stft'-r a ship ns skilfully a* they swing on 
axe or guide n yoke of oxen 

In Mime yards— ni Kaionville ban instance 
— many limber* nre driven down mountain 
brook* by lire aid of pictureftspic - plash dam* 
— dams in which, when water and togicnough 
are accumulated, a gala may Ire opened in let 
lire Jogs limit out with a louring Ibwnl. Sofire, 


too. «rr hauh'l lo tire yard on tramways, 
which, as they wind nbi-ut among the black 
Ihickrl* or en»s the hi u ker waters of n 
brook, are scarcely less picturesque than 
tire *pla*h dam*. Qutrer places, ns it Menu 
lo the unaccusliMiu-ii. are rhueen for ship, 
yard* Down at BriMikville a grest schnoMr 
wa* limit when lu-r port *M* rnm hod to 
Ire poked up among the tree*, that grew til 
most to the water's t'lge. In the narrow little 
plstenu lief ween two hills wln-fe her keel 
was laid. At C’liitiilligvllle aooMwr wa* 
Inn It oa tire (mrren Imreh. with not even a 
house in sight. Al Advocate, two vrars »go. 
one wa* Utmcbeil right oitow tbe public 
highway, At EntimvIHe a Lark nnd a 
schooner were launched from a sand bar Ire 
twoen two fore-4 -covered mouritnins. where 
the nearest dwelling wastwontid a half mile* 
away up the valley of a mountain brook, and 
lire nranrat sett lenient where n store could Ire 
found wa* al Ad'omte, ten uud a half mile* 
awuv over tire mountains. 

Tire locution, however. I* of little conte- 
quenee to the builder so long a* be ha* room 
for the frames, and sjsicc in wbldt to swing 
a maul Is sldea. He then not nlwny* insist 
on having even enough water to float lit* 
stop when she is launched, for two vessel* 
have I wen re-nt flying down the ways at Ad 
vocute to laud nt Inst in tlu' mud. 

A straight path, however, be must have, 
ami in it be places ii row of block*, most 
carefully IIihvI. with ilrelr U|qrer surface* at 
aucli an angle with Mic water that wlren the 
way* ate pul under lire dtip, she will slide 
down them of her own weight. It I' on 
these block* that lire lowest piece of wood 
in a ship lire rime— i* plac'd : tbe shoe 
•icing a Hue of thick planks Inltctl lo Mm; 
iKitlom of the keel, which, when the shoe ia 
In plate. I* »| once *4rctelird along on top. 
The shire add* little lo the strength uf a 
ship. IkiI often save* Irer bv it* frailly, for 
should she settle on n rock with hji ebbing 
lob', tire shoe would very likely carry away, 
and let tbe ship slide off into deep water. 

How large llu; logs of w hich llie keel and 
other frames are mode must be la determined 
by I'crlain rule* developed by long experi- 
ence, hut nothing further Deoil Ire suid here 
nboui that save that when a drip is built for 
sale on speculation tbe limbers »re always 
large enough to mviiic the approval of the 
Inspector appointed by the in-iirunc-e com- 
panies. wliih- tbe viwl that l« Irnilt to the 
order of un owner w ho experts to keep her 
— whrn "she is built to unit out " — Uie lim- 
trers are cuminonly larger than tire rule* de- 

Tlre reader fans doubtless beard it said many 
time* licit llie frame' of a ship are fitted lo 
llte keel like the rihsof n ti*h to it* backbone. 
That I- a very good dmile as far ns it goes, 
ami if ftrii only swum with tire (Mckuotte 
down tnetnut of up. one could lianlly find 
it* equal Bui if one would see Jijm how lire 
frame', Includlm; that most iinportnnt one, 
tire stem, arc really fitted to the keel, he can 
leum by l«'>k ins nt the lutsimfuiiving en- 
graving. which -how* the starboard bow 
frames of a schooner built at Knlonvlllc. 
Thr ordinary frames an- simply placed on 
lop (he keel, amt then, after sliorrs arc ~*'t lo 
hold them Upright, mclnl holts are driven 
through frames uud keel, It is * curious nnd 
jnlcrc-ling fact that not u single fniure, with 
all its bolting to the keel, would Stand Up 
riglit in place if left nlotre. No frame is <•*- 
puhle of suptMirting its own weight . In iMlrer 
word', tbe popular idea to the contrary ikiI- 
withsUmliiig. the strength of n ship liesdiief- 
Iv hi her plunk tug. flouring, and ceiling — in 
the horizontal puciw «f woid. and Ml iu the 
vertical. 

Ju*t bow n aUp.and a big one at that, 
looks with nil Irer frame* in plniv. hilt with 
out tire 'kin or planking, ran !'• siren by *n 
irwjrection of the illusinuion uf the great 
square rigged v»-*'e| built al B|reiirer'* 1*1- 
ami. The pit lure shows ns well how a 
nriiffoldiDg iiiusl Ire erected for tire nreu to 
work on a* the frames arc raised It shows, 
too. a riied nt the left, where the turn who 
nre farinoinng the tiudier* may work wlren 
the rain fulls— on " n dull day. ’ a* tlrey my 
Mtcrc — or wlren the sun "hum* tire fog away, 
and eomns out scorching hot, ve know 
Further than that, it shows a lull spar ascii 
n* it derrick in lifting up the timber* Into 
place. If one would eH a good idem if how 
large a grant ship is. the picture will help In 
the I tut ter. fur the lower edge of thi; sired 
roof was high enough for a lull Ilian with a 
hilk hut on to walk ciert under iL Tire dcr- 
ri*k wo* us tail ax the loftiest telegraph pole in 
New York. ami the hull iLo-lf would have fill- 
ed Broadway for a block from curb lo curb 
could it have Inreti jdneed there, while tire 
highest limber* would have been up about 
thr fourtbstory window* of the onllnary 
buoioexa houws 

The work at shaping tire tlmhera for the 
frame of n 'lilp l* done with lire saw. tire 
axe, nnd tlu; adze. It is not fine work ill the 
tcn-ftc that cabinet-work i* fine, hut nny one 
who look' al the jmnta trelwcen limbers— 
the scurfs, a* they un; called— n»U>4 be lilt- 
pro-d with the 'kill uf the man who enn 
wield such large tools in * way to make the 
two pieces lit »o riiwly together. The scarf 
in the scliooirers stem a* shown innde a 
scarcely noilmttile line in a good photo- 
graph taken iituler favisrahlc clreuinslaDcea. 

Bui when lire planks nnd i.-'iling arc lo be 
put on. something rise than the u*r of lire 
tools mentioned is nreihsl. (‘mjkcd logs 
erna Ire found and shaped for cnxikcd or 


APRtf* 25, i«8i. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


rnuodioc frame*. hut wluc-ie (lie prinks and 
ctiling must lie filled over rounded frame 
surface* tbev art' Inot until they fit jnto 
phree. In it well-built skip dull will carry 
10UO or 1200 l«*w of carpi (lie plunks art' live 
Indue* thick ami nix nr eight wide — pretty 
good limber* rather limn plank, n bouse enr- 
penter would say. Itu( even these van lie 
hem to Hi a very sharp curve if they an* 
properly steunred. and n au-amlng ho* In 
therefore lo Iks found in every ship-yanl. 

It* mime is alinrot nuIBciclitly descriptive, 
for il i* n Inx loon enough i*i In. Id the iurjrrst 
priuk. and i* ODanectnl with a great pot 
having n wooden cover hy mentis of a tin or 
iron pipe in convey the sicnm from the boil- 
ing pot to die lx*x The rule in to Bteaai lire 
plank an hour for every Inch of tbk-kpess, 
" But they don't nlwuyx get it,” iu n build- 
er shiil to me. “because you inn generally 
scream ’em into place, ye know. " One wlio 
Ins* heard a lurtlt htemued prink protest at 
It was forced to its place will *uy dial liur 
word "scream” i« graphically ittwcvlpilve. 

Perhaps no pail of the work of building a 
wooden ship is more likely to Mrlke the at- 
tention of a kI ranger (• strike 1 ’ isa purtJcuUt ly 
good won), Irecause llie novice is usually n 
little Knocked by «luat lie xe") than dial of 
fastening the plunk and ceiling to die frame*, 
lie sees the men carry the plunk. |«rhii|m 
Meamlng hot, lo the frames, lift it lo il* pi nee, 
awl llien with screw tlnni|»i hold il ihere. 
Then come* a nun with an augur, who 
borrs two bolr* in the plank u» eveTr frame, 
the I totes piercing die frame as well as the 
plnok. There is nothing shocking about that; 
mil when one notices that the augur leilc- 
are, My. only an Inch nnd an eighth in di- 
ameter. and" that nothing but W.uxteu pegs 
are driven in lu hold the plank to the frame*, 
dial dial whole vnMt frame work of the ship 
is apparently held together hy such frail fas- 
tenings ns wooden pegs, he begin* lo wonder 
liow it bnpjiciis that ibe ship docs not fall 
apart before she Is launched. However, the 
fact is not »> I xid us It appear* to lie to a 
novice. To l*gm with, the frame-work of il 
ship is secured together hy Iron bolt*. while 
die ends or plank and ceiling are fastened 
by iron or brass (cotnpoaUioni bull* that have 
a bead on one end and are riveted off over 
ring* at the other. The fastening may «*tu 
frail, hill thrre nrc good woodca sliipw afloat 
that are thirty, forly, and even fifty years 
old. It will lie noted by the nnvlrre a* a cn 
rinn* fact that in building a tfiOftion shin 
two and solfietinw* there sets of mlgurs will 
be worn out by their friction with even the 
soft wood*. 

After the hull i* well along, came the spar- 
makers and riggers. The blacksmith lias 
tweii on Itard all the time la make boll*, if 
for no oilier purpose: hut when the -par mak- 
er comes. bis work increases rapidly. for in 
tbese days iron is used wherever powsihle In 
even a wooden (trip. There L* seemingly no 
end to the collars, the hook*, the eyes, thu 
slings, what out, that Ire must make: ami at 
the Last, when a 1000 -ton ship is nearing 
completion, front six lo nine men will Is* em- 
ployed about III* forge*. Here, too. i* a i me 
where thcakill of Hue mechanic bIiow* Itself 
in the vise of heavy tool* lo make fine work, 
for the fitting done by some of then? Nova 
Scotia bLaeksuiilhv look* marvellous in tin* 
eve* of the novice. It is uli I be more notice- 
able in Nova tkutla from the fact that U is 
all hand-work . few if any such aid* to hu- 
man muscle as steam trip-bummers. halt ma- 
chines, etc., which uni conunuu in Malm* 
strip-yard*. can lie found Ibtire. 

Tfaie Jog* ou which tluc spur maker sets to 
work ano for the most pan cut lu the woods 
where the rest of llie ship’* wood came from. 
Now and then the lower masts of a ship a tv 
made of Oregon pine, and iron masts am not 
unknown. The ArgtnAi. a Isirk built at 
Eatonvillo last ruumer. hail nn iron bow- 
sprit and jib boom iu one. It was imported 
from England. was the first of Its kind u*fd 
in Nova Scotia, and wa* the talk of the mar- 
itime provinces. Hut meal of the spar* of a 
Nova Scotia tdihi are made of Nova Scotia 
spruce. and. according lo Nova Scotia ship- 
builder*. Nova Scotia »pniCC is unique 
Whether it is the fog. or tlic prevailing winds, 
or the anil that makes It they do not know, 
but Nova Scotia spnirc, they say, is the 
toughest on earth, and in lhal dictum many 
New York ship merchant* join, for many 
New Vork merchant* own Nova Sssitin 
shin*. 

The modern u« of wire in the rigging of 
a ship Is enough to niaki' the nld-fa-biiuittl 
sailor of llie cllppcr-*liip era gasp. That 
shrouds and nays should tie made of wire- 
rope is not much ot a snbjec* for wonder, 
lmt with the perfection of steel win* is coin- 
ing the abandoning of mauilla and chain* in 
many plnces w here the one or the otlrer must 
tun around a pretty sinull sbesve. A ontnbi- 
nation of chain itud manita hnit been used 
lime <»ut of mind in ill** gear for hoisting 
sails, in the sheet* or tackle for stretching the 
lower corner* of square »uli* to tluc yanks, 
and in the brute* which sway or point the 
yard* this way and thaL Hut now the ttexl- 
lble rtecl • rope, tough, enduring, and low- 
priced. I* coming into universal u«c To the 
marline *pike. knife, and ‘erTing raaUt't. the 
chief tool* of the rigger in old day*, must 
now Ire add'll the nippers. 

|**t of all come the caulker*, who drive 
the scam* full of oakum, the joiner* or house 
carpenter*. who build tlic cabin and fiiPcca*- 
tle. and the pointers "to hide the defeej* ; 
and so it happens that otic of the bualest- 




looking place* in the worhi is u skip-yard a* 
the vrew-l is near completion. With the bolt- 
driver setting home llie Inst of the fastenings 
w.llt bis maul, the du liber " squaring down " 
the sides wit it hi* wire. the caulker driving 
in the oakum. the spar maker chopping an nv 
nt spare yard* mid topin;ist, the rigger w hill- 
ing hi* serving iiuilk-i or swaying nlofl simisis 
of her top hamper, the cwrjKrim-r tmilliig up 
bunk* for llie crew, the pain let s|«ri*uding the 
color, and tluc general utility man carrying 
stores on hoard, there is u duller and swing 
anil movement that will stir the blood of lire 
most blase. 

Nor will n kIimIv of the people tluciu selves 
prove le»» inUirvatlng Uiau tire work Urey ate 
lining. I^t our iusLance serve to illiuurati* 
tills. I nut one afternoon in the tent on the 
la-arli where the mastiT-merltank- nt Eatoik- 
ville lived. Ili* wife, a sweet-fared, gentie- 
voiced matron, wasxlrewing tire phoiogmpli* 
in her album— plloti-graphs of relatives r.r 
dnt friend* nml neighbors iu all cnees. A* 
■*lle turned the leaves sImi told the Buluc of 
each, and then added, hj often iliat il made 
my luenrl aehe, vudi comment its thU; " He 
was on tire schooner llrltr : *lie was lust with 
all hiui'ls on the ma*t of Maine." " Hr wus 
oil the deck of the ^vi'ew.wlreii a wave washed 
him away. and lif was lost." ’* He wa* male 
of a ship willing from New York, nnd in a 
uiiairel with oire of the men was stabbed to 
(lentil." “He and Ids wife wen* caught iu 
the loo. . mkI v» hh all hands perished.” ** His 
shin sailed from At. Jnlm one day In spring, 
ami wan never lieiinl from ngnin." 

Tn thnau *)»■» live on Ore shorn* of the Bay 
of Firmly lire sen it nt outs- n harvest field 
nml n grave, Tire great itreu of the country 
are (lie ntplnin* nml owners of ship*; lire 
rising young men are Bet-mid and first male*; 
the ]mjiicni are thim* who have invest i-d early 
saving" In *ldp shun**: tire deanluc are iltorv 
whose Itupe mid comfort in life iuivn snilnl 
uway. never 10 return. 

At bast, though lime I* never laggard lu u 
shipyard, launching ilnr is at hand. Not 
that tire ship In completed: “most geoenillv 
a fnrlnlght's work ougbter Is- rioni* first’'; 
hut tire owner Is tired of waiting for her. 
and the builder is willing to m* her go. 
And so lire moat of the carpenters and lalmr 
era an* wt to work getting the way* in place 
and building a cradle uuder Iter, hiving a 
railway of heavy timber*, down which the 
ship may sltdc. and building a frame-work in 
buhl irer as she goes. When tire water 
shoal* gradually (lie way* may he laid on 
lire ground for the entire driliuice. hut in 
must plural alvuit thr Boy of Fund}' lire 
shores are steep, and lire water end of this 
railway must twi a sulwtnnlial trestle, well 
braced nnd spiked toci-tlirr. and held down 
at high ltd*' by Ixim-lH of gravel from the 
Im-iiHi— sonielhmg that alnuys looks very 
funny to (Ire novice. 

Menu lime tire builder has gone <*f sent 
away to tire nearest prlnilngomee to have 
Muire pTMU-r* printed announcing tire coming 
event, for launching duy i» the cliieftwl of 
Nova Scotia'" holidays’ Colored paper— 
green, red. or yellow — ami bold type are in 
high favor for such occasions. Ilcrv is lire 
wording of such a bill : 

MAHRIAQE 


ANOTHER lllti SHIP To of.D OCEAN 

SPENCER’S ISLAND 


*ATt HD.tV, ACtt. W. AT AllOLT l.KJ O'CLOCK. 

C-inilKulun-j I'alil.' s Istgiil Ship will Ik 

LAUNCHED. 

Tcll Hiisirn **t» Bucirr<(> ro« 

finch iui iuviialion will draw liiiiidixiU of 
sncctntors. At the lauuchiug of lire hurk 
.irv^Nto nt Katonvillc in August, wImid I was 
prr-snii, l *uw people who had dr.’ven more 
than thirty mile* iu. order to see the launch- 
ing, They all twine in h»lhhi,v nil ire. old 
amt yiulllg. pare in* mid children, lovers nnd 
sweethearts— ii > 1 very gay. ami *11 wry much 
iuterealrd in any |H*ftiliarities or unique f ea- 
rn cm alreut lire* ship, uiid all watching for 
Align* Hint will imHcntcwliiit her luck i* to Is-, 

With bundrrsl* of erilirul and no end nt 
miaehirviMM i v<« upon them, the men do the 
last stroke* of' work iuIkiui tire ways nml the 
ship with a will ami a cure thiu. exercised all 
nlolig. would have nude a I letter ship in half 
the time. The spec*tal«m swarm every where. 
They stand and *it on tin 1 debri* alongaliorc. 
they gather in the shade of tool bouse aud 
died; they tjauilwr up the*(nglng. aud get In 
the way of tin* men nt work; a few of the 
yuiing people In couplce commonly Mrav <<11 
to <mi( of thc-wav places in the yard in a 
munni-r that inJicates a greater inlenrst lit 
•uiiiieilubg other than nlup- building Tlic 
foreman fn-ts nnd fumes atsiut on all "kies: 
lire builder. «l lent but anxious, wak-lre* Un- 
doing* with hi* bands iu his pocket#-: tire 
owner, bland and Mpiling. raralvM tire Indica 
on lire i|unrter-ih*ck. mid ruinplimeDts them 
mi tlreir rliarm*, whiht Urey prnbe tire now 
•Jlip. and admire lire bunting with wliidl 
the it always decorated. 

Finally the time comes when the tiny wave* 
of lire flood-tide Weak over the top* of lire 
Imrrcls of gravel (hat hold down lire outer 
way*. Tire walcr will riire uu Itighur, and a 
gang nf sturdy young ftRow* with maul* and 
wedges crawl jimicr the Mem end of lire 


ship’s cradle, mid begin to Hplit out llie bhrek* 
on wludi tho weight of the ship rests. There 
has lieen no end of chojqiiug anil pounding 
nnd duller all along, bill the dick of maul 
and wedge i* different, and the sound hu*U- 
e* (Ire busy longues, even Mills llie wail 
of lire tinsl baby, for it i* a *ignul that an 
uounce* lire quick <I« |WI lute of llie new *liin, 
iM'ver to rv tun), silent, lmt in-rvuiioiy sliifi 
iug about in their ptaceS, the spectator* gaze 
at the Biotlnahm hulk, white tlic -r-irek, 
click” from under the cradle grow* mullled 
h the nreu gu fmsh'-r In. aiiil baidcr uguiti 
a* tile v near lire end. iinlil ul last tire top* of 
Uir tall stairs are *#cii to I ramble faintly, nnd 
Urea, with alow hut quickening speed, slu* 
glides awuy. Swe«-|riug over lire Irend of the 
ts-»eli. slw cut* it shining curl of fratiti from 
Uir rrnut of the wave that rim-* lo mer4 iler, 
tl|H lightly fr<>m lire end of tlu- cradle, and 
float* away, bowing in gentle court e«y to Hu* 
thruags upon tire *ii»tv. 


THE PRESIDENTIAL 

IMHMiltKSM. 

T'hi.kk is doulitlrRi much li» Is- *nUI in fa- 
vor of the modern Arirericiin leinh-tiLV to 
atrip all Institution* nf effete and hlgfi-*niind- 
Ing lillr*. abd lo rail even lire ivory haodl#sl, 
silver. pint cd InslrunMuit with wiiich aoRlc 
cdehrity cul* the first sral of a railway a 
simple spade”; lmt even the w I som ' re- 
forms may Ire rom«l to cxcc.**, and it i* nor 
without a shudder iliat we we the pra»-nt 
witerprlre- of the I’rrsUlcut <lc»crilred in the 
jmpers ns a “trip,” it *’ tour," ora "journey," 
it* If itn illMlngulsiied unilertaker were a 
men* ilmmmcT on hi* spring round* To ire 
sura, ihere lire Mime cynical wothlllng* who 
would *linmelr**ly ava-rt that Ibe p*rul]el 
holds exiretllngly gmal, ami llint the pel 
formuiicc Temind* ilrein imghlily of tin- ett*- 
tumary prorretsioM of rleplmiil* nml drome- 
darles. glbied cars ami extra limn tend*, 
with which tire arriving rims draws nlten- 
tloll to its aurai-rbms. tail till" Is nicfe carp- 
ing. unworthy of seiiuu* con tide ratiou. The 
Pnwidt'nl. we nrc assured, hits gone lo curry 
the (singratulatUm* ami gi.nl- will of tire 
North lo the South amt West, amt when tire 
chief of a government which controls Hie 
largest ami most lulvaneed ritilized com- 
imuilly III the world sets out upon travel* so 
extensive with to excellent a purpose, it ix 
surely fitting that an appropriate lilte. al- 
randv wunclhmed hy long roc. should Ire iqs 
plied to the solemn <*remouy. Buck an ml 
vniuee on the part of prince or ixHwitalc from 
loyal town lo town, through an enthusiastic 
ami cuiilcuUxI populace, wa* always called a 
pn>jn-« ( ami it smn* lianl that President 
Hnmron should Ire rublred of hi* ptlviiegc 
in Ihtartwpccl. A progress, tlii-n. let it irenri- 
forth he. though such a cure os would Ituve 
stupendously aalotiidwd “ gornl ijuttn Ilm\" 
who was so inwrlonalely nltached to similar 
nntcrtnlnnumi* ihtnt hundred rear* agum-. 
To l last worthy sovereign, hnd ft been jsis-i- 
Idc, it would icrlaiiilv have appcansl neither 
desirable nor dignified to eiirecr over such n 


vast i-irruit in to brief a space of time, aud 
(lie lady, who ungnulginglv s]x-ut an ■'nitre: 
dny in priwi-eiling from Wnraii-k to Kenil- 
worth, would certainly have opened her roy- 
o) eye* wuh< with boi’ror if n had Imcn pru- 
pizosl to her that she should licet from 
NVarfilngton, Ih rough CUM tan oogn and At 
l’.ialii. lo (ialvcwli.il, ’fucum, last Angi-fe*. 
and San Francisco, ami Istvk thence by ml. 
land, Suit l.nki- lily, (Imnhn. and I’ilisburgh 
—more mite*. p<«-iblv , Ilian ibe slnU’ly dame 
covered during a lung life — in the swift 
w sling und waning of a single rnouu. Tbi* 
chiiraeiensilr velocity USIXipted, there are 
many tilings in the present progmui lhal 
would have delighted lief. She. we are In- 
stnu-trd by ULtiiriau*. iiivarinhly I ravel led 
with a gtval nnd sph-mlid trait), hut it j* 
xcarrely credible that Leicester und Sumrex, 
with nil tin- other worthy nobles, tlreir *(|Uiras 
nnd depeiidents. nrnitid ill their hrorcvt tin- 
cry can have formed so magnificent or ex- 
pensive n train ft* thill which whirls tire Pre- 
sident Westward ho’ It is, iiulr-exi. mfi* lo as- 
sert that n«i one of ihc lordly nn ner* ujion 
w Ur.in *ln- Ih-MowciI the cosily honor of a 
visit at in* country-teal could provide her 
witli acciaiimrsbitioii a* gnigi-on* and luxu- 
rious a* tire pcrjpiiiclic ]kiIiux- now isciipird 
by 1 |m- President, (•n*cnwir-ii it-ijf craild 
not show the <*qlial of lire " Aztlsn, the I’re- 
sldentml special," with its olive plush uphol- 
stering. its sofll v cushioned cltair* and sofas. 
It" w riling dv*k" ami si-rupuimisl v uu|H>litlcwl 
Ulirarv. or of tire "Cunwiad# - ’dining-car, 
with its green plir-h and silver illfmir*: or of 
the ’• New Zealand, ' radiant in Idm* mid 
white ntnl term-cotta: or of lire " tih-ul " mul 
” YflOttM, " Alas 1 the mention of this last 
triumph of itinerant tare rx-mll* the painful 
fact that even |'r»Mh-uts arc niortnl, und 
III it as lilnek cun: sit* IkIihiiI the swifmt 
iMMfMMMn. wnd “a* iii the swoctcat hud die 
ruling canker dwells," «i I here lurk* i» thorn 
among the Mars of ill- pmpw, Attncficd 
in (hat Inal car we tiud a covered plaiform, 
open at the dklr*. fiurmnl with rubber, “nml 
feiHsd ill wtlli brass and bronze " — a sort of 
glnriliisl jnrizc ring, inti) winch nt every Way* 
able station the lusplesa recipient of so much 
hospitality niuM step, and strive lo " knock 
out 11 something new to any in (he cx|reclant 
multitude. Nor truly curl il ndd to the de- 
light of life* to ire i-ioscly followivi for ten 
failea fry » locomDUvc raaaun, nlaiireperaua- 
ly thundering welcome every tlilnl minute, 
nr to he received hy the strident scrams of 
llinuuiiuls of "tiwin-w fiiat lea. nnd by ad ad- 
ditional »-xpli«ioJi. an injudiciously adjacent 
a* to splinter three solid |datc glftAB window* 
himI uvevtkrow a cnlnml wither. Tire Pre- 
sident happily «->m|red unscalhod frooi this 
o vei" 7.-al<i>.iN greeting, bill it must have served 
tn isiuriiKs- him that, rwsy ns II may be to 
travel now from Chattanooga tn Atlanta as 
<smi|<nn-d with his last experience during the 
war, it is not yet without lu “unorinl " perils, 
amt to make hi in look forw unl not without 

anxiety to the Time bis progre** ahwll 

Is- foixuiiately ended, mid Uie l oiclant drain 
of speeches mitlguUd. 



Google 



304 


A RECEPTION AT THE AMERICAN MINIS 

Digitized t>y CjOO&II 


305 



18. — Dkawx by T. dk THcwritri*.— [8 kb Paok 810.] 


joogle 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17M. 


:jor» 


THE TULIP. 

lx the softly tikot riii-ltcml space 
111 Ire n( ■ gaoleM Ball 
A tulip WiiBliinl to the April light. 

Slender anil •Iraighl ami ull. 

A lafCKnl raw, in wait fur June, 

With hit warm low »mmI» ami >ii» languid noonn, 
tiruw rank iiihI given do tlie hither ride, 

Ami Howled with her plenteous ilnwer 
flf cr*m small buds the iimdcrvr flower 
Tnat dn red the chill of fin* spring. tide, 

Veined mi kin! gold *he stool at evra, 

Ready at sunrise to IwtM In floarr. 

The l|i«<«t cVmd in a rainy beaten 
Kelt to his Ireilt her new *v*ct pmrrr, 

And elraiglit with a diamond cirelet bound irer. 
While mist drop* >«-at in tlieir fan* full. 

" ,\J* fair iu».t know that lire luve bath found 
her, 

And blossom ht-.glit at liU (under call.'’ 

The drunpuig tulip would tin* uncover. 

And reckless -latte red Urn i t vital ring. 

“Mr l.twrt is held f..i a tired liner 
With sunbeam kiwKw. My king! my king!" 

The cloud, in anger at such brave scorning, 
SpnwJ gray and -nlleii o'er all tin* allt, 

A warm wot math wind blew at morning: 
Slowly the tearful day »<iil lay, 

The wind sang low : “ So fair, s , lender, 

I hue vonae long miles over |.i«ail ami »«» 
To ki»i and ding tia thy bkaseani slender. 

Now iqwn, iipni thy I mart to met** 
lie woom and isoued ill) the night was over. 

Site sighed: “ You n>e gentle, HiaJ softly dug, 
Hut my heart i. held foi a royal lover 
W ho bath sunbeam hi-sc?. My king! my king!" 

Sadly the swtei wind the low word* I stnnsJ ; 

thro bravely Mretigthened, and blew <«tv 
The jnaluut cloud, and the fun world glkStriM.il 
In sunlight rlwr at the rise »f d»v. 

For hr fell lli.il love, to lav aortli the giving. 
From dross of relf must lie purely freed. 
And Imp- less work fur a mve time (a living, 
Keep fnilh and troth with n lure that is dead. 
What debt she i.w»j to the loyal rover 
The tulip reeked not, but, 'pxivi'riog 

With lore'* Meet |w:u. Iw( her royal Sorer. 

" At List i cam bhnaoiu ! My king! luy king !" 

Backward the ml- gold petal- leulid; 

The slow sun i', hashed to tlie upper air; 

In the fervent glow of l.U msmtele laomimg 
The flower-heart tremhkd ail black and bate. 
For aye forgot was the long Keren <|Uset 

From bud in the root to this flashing Ikiwcr; 
III this pulsing life wilh its swe-l mad riot 
An age of till** in one brief bright hour. 
Tlie wise grewi pose flung nlmdr nbuvc her. 

■' Itrapkw not cimnavt, O tddkl of spring ! 

A veiled heart longest will livp a lover, 
liewatv, bawntw u( this burnUg king 

The tulip shivered, taut, stanrldy loyal. 

The slmder stalk from the •liiiitaw braiL 
•' W hia <-0*t rasa nts merits no gift »o royal 
As the love of uov life, ami 1 die cnii’.uUL 
The cl I gift wan bright, and the low wind 

From them ye gave me no sheltering. 

I bloomed for one only, and gtsdly render 
My life foe such loving. My king ! my king !" 


Tim cloud and tbo sun went down at even; 

The prowd rose mailed. “ Poor silly thing !'* 
And tlm »li«d made plaint to a -bir-strrwit 
veil 

Fur Ids dead fair !»•* and her hrodlre* king. 

M. C. Wiuiaiu. 


HOW I1B FOUND HIS 
UHOFKSSION. 

Evm.v biographical derails nerd not detain 
la- long, lie wish inerely hi ivIhIc one in* i 
<lenl in Ilia carver — lire clowning net of Ida 
life — and one whose narration Icai-bea many 
lemons. the most obvious of which Is lint), 
try a* a man may to find a profession suited 
to his supposed luMtes and ulnli lies. fate often- 
times lakes the inatii'r out of lias hands, ami 
disregarding all of hia preconceived ideas, 
tbrusis him Into Uie vorv place for which he 
w hs designed. History is full of such exam- 
pins, aud all reinenils-r (bat I lick Turpins 
curliest ambition was to hr a slicrifTs officer, 
nnd that Bluebeard wus with illlHcnlty dis- 
suaded from entering a cdMotfe prwiliiood. 
These considerations make ueceswtry >#ome 
juvenile iMamMui. 

Ilis boyhood was about equally divided 
la-tween Insiks nml play tin- lsmks,llow«iv«r, 
were not a* a rule school-book*. ami hix de- 
votion to play whs also somrw Imt fliful. A* 
a email bov be broke mure toys ami required 
more new games u> a rnonth itiini would >uf 
five to amuse a whole convalescent waul of 
a children's hospital . ami ns be grew older 
It I era, me eviitcRt tlutt tire very diversity of 
Ills talents would never jwrniit bun to giv« 
um*igh attention to any one spurt to become 
a lender therein. 

At college Ire disttngnislwvi Idmsclf in 
many ways. He ied his class during lire 
rinpbomoru roar, hut throughout the next 
term hi* devotion to the debates of his liter- 
nry society so divided Ids attention Hint be 
barely managed to scrurc n speaker's place 
fur the Junior unu Ions at ('ommetieeineal. 
Ilia tlirmo on tin* nraisiou was - riiaglene** 
of Aim.’ ami it was irrttlnl with mi earnest- 
lies* tlmt reemed born of profound conviction 
anil personal experience. He wns pnlbetir 
in bk pictures of unused opportunities and 
wasted lives, uml his worn of imlecisuiB of 
djanuAcr and of all aorta of dilcUunlclMU lb 


**id to have barn withering. Orest expecta- 
tion.* wore aroused among Iris fellow students 
as to bis graduating apevcli. which would fol- 
low a year later, but the next year he went 
in for athletic*, ami with so much Miccett 
Unit be grailuutrd near I be head of the base 
bail club, aud not far (rout the foot of hi* 
clam, 

After graduating, be lost no lime la con- 
sidering bis future proftwloo. He Is-gnn at 
one*- the study of mi-dii-itie. but live dry boim 
of anatomy a(i«>rd*sl hint no mental r>i spirit- 
uni nutriment, while Ibe diutgTccablr detuils 
of physiology were repugnant to In- finer 
feelings 

lie then taught w-bool. and sucoeasfully ; 
Iwt after he had whip|wd into a stab- of dog- 
like uilunUsion. ntul even affection. «n over- 
grown lull undvrlwd boy. wl«» Imd itaased 
upon ami dixcardisl several of bis predccea- 
ox "N. U."<lhti* the boy put ill, Hud 
liud also thrashed in tint pmu-nctr of iui awc- 
hlrukcn but adtuiriiig edi<s>l an irate trustee 
■ nitron, who luul moet rudely differed with 
uim on some |>oinL» of discipline-nfier these 
two efforu hia career was suddenly clowcd. 
The rest of the Ixmrd, not liking the prece- 
dent. ngnvxl In infornilng him thin while 
I hey admired hix burning and uldlity, they 
thought he mrrled Id- idea* «f corporal ptui 
isliim-nt too far, nnd then, with glarin/ incirn- 
sWi-ncy. suggest i- 1 1 I hut lie curry them sllll 
fartlwr — even into wmr other school. 

HU molln-r was inclined abiMit this lime 
to think that the world was using her only 
sou rather hardly, and advanced money 
enough lo Bflt hML op in b — iotfl i in Ml na 
live town. He entered upon a mercantile 
carver w It h small capital but large ideas. Hi* 
iidverlixcmeiiu were nnxielx of correct Eng- 
lish, and kllualraled the advantages of a mb 
legiaie training Tiling* went on swim- 
mingly fora while, but it must be regretfully 
ronhToed that tho snimming w*« mostly 
down stream, ami after some innnlh* of hk- 
ccavful mtsmaruigi-mciit hkv creditors formed 
a " trust." and be wax form], Ai» «<f rWwchins, 
it must l».- admitted, out of trmle. 

So far nothing hax been wtiil of hi* per«on- 
Blity, nor is there much ntad for Ibi* Such 
turn »re nearly always lovable It is tbo 
useful ntul nut Ibe ornaoieaul trails that are 
wanting in tlieir mnke up They have cn- 
tliusisMii to plan, and, iu far as it goex, abili- 
ty to expcuic. ami only lack tlw flirxi qwllty 
of fixity of purpose or will la make them 
continue to ntrive after lire fin.1 ttusli of their 
vutliusUsiu haa faded. lVrhxps thix enthu- 
siasm is of u aomawlMt i-tiolaled clta racier, 
but it differx, rather to its advantage, from 
tlmt robust, ruddy kind which often make* 
it* possessor a tcrrsir to people of delicate 
Mm-rbllilk-t aud high strung nerves. They 
ure loyal enough to their mistrea**-* of the 
hour, but wlicu the lime for parting comes 
they -bed no irar*. amt gnyty ptiff iIm> Jiolcs 
away. Why is it that Nature, in mixing the 
clay for some of her most charming cicn- 
liou*. so often imitalrs the enforced example 
of the children of Israel, ami make* Imt 
brick* without straw? True it is that the 
result, while not enduring, is often very de 
lighlful. 1‘erhup*. to cbuiigc the figure! that 
wiw cook know* that alie'b leaving out the 
om- ingnstieai wliich. if luldsxi, might change 
the wrwrv piyudHtt into a heavy and iuiUgvsl 
ible disii 

Not to futlow Ids career too cbwely. it mny 
lie said that at the age of twenty eight there 
was nothing In keep hint outside the opera- 
tion of the vagrant law but the mother just 
mentioned, who uu»ww«d a fairly roinfort- 
aWe Income, and a Mill more com fort able 
weakness for her boy. nml a sign that rend, 
••WILLOUGHBY MAHABLE, 

•' AmmxKr at Law." 

Fate, meanwhile, had Itee-n following him 
<nfau fttii t, ax be would have pbioscd it, and 
*»» praparing to knock. 

lie wax silting in hix office one lazy spring 
day, enjoying a cigar ami cogitating on 
tilings pasi ami proent, when it came to him. 
»s l.v a flush of inspiration, that lie bail so 
far mis**! his calling. It nc«d«d only every- 
day sunlight for an outsider to discover tins 
mitli. Imt lo him it came ax an illuniiDalioii. 
It was in lilernlure, and not in law. that lie 
wax destined to moke a name for himself. 
Not in the broad fields of I. Herat me i wilh a 
capital LrdM be intend to nmm; no, he would 
heroine famous ax a writer of short stories. 
True, lie Iwd never written any, long or short, 
hut hr bad rend them wiihimt mini Is r. and 
he saw |h>w easily the trick was done. 

Aciing. a« always, on n strong Impuhe.he 
threw luni-elf on a toungc. aud |>ractv-d«-*l to 
map <iut in hi* mind his ini i in I effort. He 
bail proceeded far enough to inukc it n bis* 
up whctliw hr w as dcMlncd to raid ahotlier 
failure lo his list, ur another name tu litcm- 
ttirc, w lmn — t'utf lisdof. 

It was not a client bringing him the cnoe 
lliat would nuke l.jin Illino is, hut only u 
friend wire came to take him to the tennis- 
court for a game. He w ent, and durimr Uie 
game was struck in llir eye hv a 1 smashed ‘ 
Util. ThU is a more aeriou* thing than it 
mny serin to our reailers. many of whom 
have, perhaps, never Is-en struck in the eye 
by u 1 smoilird " tenru* l«ll. and <«pectMlly 
vi if one wears glaw-, ns he Irapix-ned to do. 
11c luckily saved the eye il*clf fiuin sballrr- 
eii class, hut the lid* suffered no link. l!i* 
pli* Milan commanded « bandage over both 
eye* for at least a Wrrk, and their cnmpk'le 
disuse for |* ihs|»t lunger. 

A* soon a* lists pain lunl subsided suflkieut 
ly lo permit him to think at all, hia mind re- 


verted to lilx unfinished story: and he bewail- 
ed the bsr»i late wlilcb. even for • time, so 
rudely checked hi* ucw-latrn literary aspira- 
tion*. S-oUie siH'h lament be made lo his 
friend— lire fotul racket handler of lire after- 
nuiiti. aud the <irn* c* ovtrhintt of this little 
drama- who. ludf iu acoru, suggested th»t 
lie employ » stenographer. They laughed 
together at ibe ahsiiril suggestion; bill the 
Idea stuck, and he determined, if pewsihte. lo 
follow it, with modifications 

Here enters our heroine. Her itnnre wns 
Margaret Western, a next door neighbor and 
* hte lung file ml. Imh-eil, on Willoiiglihy s 
part the tiH'iiug wus Stronger Him frieuii- 
ship. He hail long loved her. ami was only 
waiting to find tits cancel — that career whicu 
always seemed lo he just uhcssl of him — lo 
:*“k her lo share U with him. Mentiwhilo 
hi* pink kepi him sih-ut. for Margaret »» 
Uie only child of a rich and proini old law- 
yer. It die loved him. she had never shown 
it; if she knew the state of his feeling*, she 
had never betrayed her knowledge. Isut had 
always treated him with lire eusy tuiniliai iiv 
and trank comrade-hip that are born of long 
acquaintance, and that her simple and unnl- 
fvcivd nature iimmIc easy, tslic was Mruigbi 
forwaid, intelligent, and imh-ptiiHkni, toml 
of social pleasures in tuisjerutioiu but caring 
mure lor isKiks and arl, And, finally, sire 
was a beautiful gill, iu proof of which no 
effort u made to iksvribc Irer appewraiice. 
£>he shoutd be bis amuiiueusU. Thi* wax 
how the idea laid taken shape in hi* mind. 

Tire next day, ul the earliest seasonable 
hour for calling, he groped bis familiar wnv 
across ibe couiiguoiu lawn to Margarets 
borne, aud lutd Ik fore ber his pluus ana aspi- 
nuioa*. Aire wax too umnI to his vagimcs 
lo feel more than a mild surprise, and even 
managed to manifest a little enthUMnxm In 
tire pleasure of her society Ire wax not over- 
ready tu begin bu dictating; but Margaret 
resolutely procured writing materials, and 
uigcd him lo bis work. 

All at once it flashed upon him that tbo 
Story wlilcb bad lor mure tbau iweuly four 
hour* been seething iu Ills brain was a Iriflo 
erotic. Hu hewitnted, ami pleaded htx wound- 
ed eye ux an excuse for delay. To tliix sbn 
would not listen, ami to end ber banter, and 
In get out of wbui tliivaicucd to bscuuir a 
ludicrous situation, he resolutely coMeeled 
In* M ain red wiu,und ntt«niptaU a pure preen 
of improrixatiou. He luld ibe xlon' slowly, 
for Ire was tevlkhg III* way. and ‘"Margaret 
hud lo lake down his worels. and boiUliug- 
ly, btxwuw as ho pluglcmed Ire began to re- 
alize that be was treading on Ualigenius 
ground. It nan short and trite enough, aud 
this u the outline. 

A Isiy and gill grow up togellrer us sweet- 
hearts— tlie boy poor, the girt very rich Not 
uulii he has re-lurncd from college doe* lie 
realize lire burner that her wealui put* Ire 
tween them, lie dares uul reuew tlieir luli- 
nou y uul 1 1 by bln efforw Ire lias more ire-rJy 
cquubzed tbeir poxi lions. The girl recog- 
nize* the change, and with feminine iuluillou 
divines the mm-, but will not shuck conven- 
tionality by betray tug Ibltl lrer feelings idsu 
arc iiiicliaugcil III* pride will at* let bun 
»|reak, her maidenly modesty keeps lrer si- 
lent, Thi* gw* on lor years, until the young 
runn, in despair, uihI with never a word to 
her, leaves lux native pluck forever Sire, in 
utter ruge aud luneliuess. marries a man in 
every way In* lulcnor save in wraith. And 
for om lli Hero amt brtuiue a future of endur- 
ing misery. 

Flrey worked on ulmm-t without paute un- 
til the end. aud when the bud word was wril 
leu lie In-* i laird a munimt, and then Mid. 

• Well) ' 

It would be a -ad Mory if it were true." 
said she. but I don l like iL 1 don't think 
it Is u htiung siory. 1 *upjK>*e, lYilhmglihy. 
you know — I Mipiutc you f-ii;,A( to know — 
men Ireller than I do. uul 1 don't believe in 
tire kind of mini you Acre, ri Ire. Your *iory 
lacks realism, as they call IL A mini as 
weak o* Uie oire you paint could never exist. 
Why, he never luuul have cscit|Ktl tire dan- 
ger* of teething. " she mlded. scornfully. 

• And ax for y our girl, 1 hun r Uial such a 
poor, spiritless, iisnilty jsiiuby tiling ctreild 
never bold lire hue of eveu lire poor littk 
puppet you have set up." Then, aghast til 
lrer Nopciuuu*- candor,- Of comae I am speak- 
ing ut tire characters, not the story itself." 

Her voret- liad n touch of anger in it. and 
he. surprised nt lrer vctienieticre, could ouly 
stammer out, "1 don't see - 

A qiih-k movcraenl from her cheek'd fau 
speecU, and be could bear the jreu throw u 
riiar|d v on to the table, a* sire Mint, In * tenre 
Voice that grew more rapid as she went on: 

' You »ny they lovwl cadi oilier, and that 
apart they were donmed lo misery ; that they 
were kept apart by Ills poverty, while sire 
bud more than enough for ls>lh. Wlrat wax 
ail of it tu ber without him? Why sbuuld it 
keep thorn upuit Is-ciiiiso it Impfa-ncd to be 
her* uud not Jiis? It should nut do su. it 
would not 'to so if the ntau were not a cow- 
ard and the w'xtian a fool. Now, don't you 
see? till, TV llluugtiby, fon t you sue?" 

Her vni<x- had M it* tension os sbe spoke 
these lost Words, uud Was dangerously near 
Ui tears. 

He lifted Ibe bandage from his bruised 
eyra and looked ut her. H-lie was Irauiug 
forward on lrer Inunlx. her li|«» quivi-riug, In r 
fnew suffused wilh biuslies, and Irer bosutti 
Ireaviug lumuliuondy. He dropped ut lrer 
feet, clutching wildly for her hanu>, and cry- 

iug. 

"Oh. Margaret, cun it lie truct" 


One of her hand* found hi*, while tire oilier 
rested a momenl lightly on his farad. " Put 
on your liHtidugi-. W illoughby." she -will, 
leaning forward to niijuxt il. and pnasiag In r 
hand* softly over In* i«mpk«w " 1 !«ve cured 
your worst blindness, dear, Iwt your r ye* ore 
riiil wenk." 

And so it came ailyxii that at last Ire found 
hix profession, ur rather hi* profession mu 
found for him. 

Not a* doctor nr teacher is Ire destined lo 
shine. Ill* In I'itn-H* Mbllillro are uot to be nt 
tire service of Hoards of Trade or Cliamliere 
of Commerce, ami though his nnim- is hla- 
z.<i ried a* lire Junior nieinlrer of ibe Dim of 
Western A Marable. il is not in the courts 
that hi* Hirer qiiahlte* lire to lie slwswu and 
hi* senuine taU-uU to Ire exhibited. 

Margaret will lell you the profession that 
imlure made him l<ir. He is filling, sire 
thinks, (lie tawilhm for wliirli lie wax des- 
tined from tire beginning of tilin' It |g fire 
rarer to find nml harder lo fill than any in 
laboratory or k-IkmiI room nt mart of bu*i- 
dcm or cviurt of juslicr; and one more im- 
portant lo lrer Ilian any trade, calling, busi- 
ire*». art, or profession — tliat of a murid bus- 
band. 

So it will come to pa*s that llwugli bo will 
never, hx lire world call* it, "do any great 
things for Idmsclf.' Margaret will lie'liHppy, 
and their little ones will love him, and Ids 
life will But have been spent in vain. 

W. K. A.N1J E. H. Mvkkx. 


TWO FKATU KKS OF THE 
COLUMBIAN FAHL 


KltRr-w IIMAK COUIMMAN BONTVKNT. 
t'oi.runi » di«covrr<xl America. One of 
tlie results of that discovery b the nation 
known a* the I'liLlcd Slates. If tire story 
of tlie gratl man. bis marvellous will, bis 
high fnilh. his unswerving perscvcrani-e. bit 
mastery alike over hinuelf nnd hi* fella w- 
iHiings, his Miblmir courage iu tire most ad 
verse of ennililioux. bis final and supreme 
triumph, and tire maud p»i:- rsni» of change 
niul progress that followed it— if this siory 
could be tuhl In one work of art. tire New 
World that be gave would gain much of hon- 
e*t value. It ibis c> ■uiriilc rnlimi that 

moved Howard Krvtwbniar lo iiuolcl In clay 
a monument that will gu berate tlie direclors 
of the World 1 * t'olgnvlBan Exposition with 
no cmlor«etireut mi strong a» tliat which ap- 
freara on it* own face. 

That Columbus discovered Amcrira by 
Ibe way of lire oca — tliat i*. that Ire made use 
of salt- witter, anil ship* of wood, and r-an- 
vv ami a mariner's compnw. ami men who 
trimmcil sail— ami tlmt he was niMtsted in thi* 
by Ibe grirerasily of a uireeu. have no sper'ial 
niranlnr in the main fact. These were but 
Ibe implements tliut aided liis genius. Tho 
aiicboi* Ire u»cd wlren hi* ll«t canre to tire 
end of hi* long journey deserved Imt small 
credit for lire coinmamfltlg result. The con- 
Mirnmation itself is alone of value , tire 
mentis are almost beiunlh notice. 

?si urgued Mr Krx-urhmnr with some jus- 
tice, for lii* niomiioi ul. if it docs not appeal 
to tire marine eye or to nny special indu*- 
triul feeling, grows u|kui one. and force* into 
the heart all that i* purely and broadly and 
genuinely human io lire life ami the effort 
and tire achievement of Christopher Colum- 
bus. Tire chief charm of the cooreptitia is 
iu ibe poetry of it* simplicity. There U on 
tradiiional anchor or chart; there i* no coil 
of line or show of will; there In no kneeling 
suppliant or donor quren. First i» the miui. 
He siamls tax you cun imagine, if you will, 
for there U n<r algn of it| in Ibe furwardrat 
part of the ve»« I that bears him. Hi* alti- 
tude la cagvi. hi* furv full lieyond word* of 
a triiiinpu whose real nreauing be only yet 
grasps at. One band U on III* breast’; tire 
other opr-u. as though it would apprehend ull 
that lay before The legend U-ncaili nay* 
all that" can Ire said: " I-*i.d IreiP 
The drapery I* rich, but by nu mean* data 
orate. It i* natural. The figure i* to Ire 
colonial, aDd from lire ptslestal l* tnraiured 
lo Ire fir i.v feet high Tire sculptor bus done 
well in tire mixU-lliiic -if the great figure, lull 
the more Iniertetlng fralurea of In* work are 
tin* grouping* nlaiiit the Ixisc. Tlrere curry 
out in detail lire siory of the work of Colunt- 
hu*. and all it* sroireirec in Ibe development 
of Ibe (M-onlr and the governin' lit of th>* 
country The group iu the fore front |sxli- 
rocat represent* Glury, a* it is expressed In 
the NBOurcra of tire land, lire induxtrv of tlie 
prsiplc, genius, efforl, aspiralton. ft is do- 
signed to Is- lire iqsiilretx-i* of the strength, 
inn-lh-et, ability, of the American nation. 
On the reverse ts perhaps Ibe onut artistic 
fcal'i ic of tire grouping*. Here appears Free- 
<b«u, with naked sword nipjs-rlc'l by an 
eagle with outstretehed wiugs. It is lire ex 
prrxsiiMi poetic of the Idea of jrerronal lilier- 
IV, of the freedom of a great people, ami 
tlreir idh-giiuice to no one but thetusclws — 
a spirit that has tinctured tire whole world, 
atnl that hx* set the current of civiliza- 
tion toward democratic government. Tire 
other two group* cun Is- raid to complete ibe 
Mory. Toleration — dignified, learned. **gx- 
ehi'ia, profound, expressive of the broadest 
spun, of lilwralitv posuhlc iu lire matter of 
political, religion*, sckdliflc, and philosophic 
opiulon — i- inu firat. The gracious figure of 
Philanthropy is lost. It realizes ibe beauty 
uml the valii.- arid comfort of iu home, ami 
yet invite* all the world lo partako of it 
Thus, recapitulating, arc, first, the awaken- 


APRIL 1881. 


HABPER’S WEEKLY. 


rd foul of Ux- discoverer in I bo moment of hte 
triumph over OfipuMlIoO. delay, doubt, nnd 
danger; next, lire oiui broad and iixppv inn 
requeue? — It five people. Then fallows tire 
couiiutiatinn of the story in tin lx- -iivfleeiil 
reach — Udemlion ami pit ilaiiUt ropy iu their 
most unrestricted meaning. Lastly, the glory 
of the present nnd the pu*i, iuiiI pure aspira- 
tion. looking upward aod forward. 

The orchiUs-lur* of the Mattie in of the Hc- 
nafcitMini-e order. ami In dc*igiw*i to be of 
granite, the Mattie ilaclf of brunte. 


TUB WOMAN B Bl'lLUlNO. 

Dk Qt ixr *v, when be wa« tohl that women 
UKiughl III of Muiltrr iU <i pint. Art, a»kod. 
wranly. "Do women think:" Tlwl women 
think. and act too, would lx rlear to him 
were I to permitted n peep lulu the woman* 
building of Urn Columbian Exposition in 
lrttlg. 't he structure that ia designed to show 
to the world the liberty, prrvgromlveneae.atid 
advancement of A met in in women wn* con- 
ceived in and born of the brain of a woman. 
And whun it will have Ixvn erected and flu- 
iilird.il will be Iu no regard worthy a second 
i> only braidc the other features of the 
Fair. The entire enterprise' will be a 
deOtiUlKii, up to rialr, of woman'* work. It 
will, too, ducluse a promise fur the future 
llial will be well worth the attention of such 
men an juggle with coming nociidogical con- 
dition*. It will menu ntoru than a pretty ex- 
hibition of the doing of pnrtlv hand* or of 
the product of Idle hours It will h« the 
cumulative effect of all that him Into done 
by women in the past quarter of a ivniury, 
condensed and gathered in and cabined with- 
in four walls. 

Although it is not always so slated now, 
the inspiration of the Woman* Dejurtnimt 
of the £x|ioaillou came from tire tirt-lcM 
members of the Isalx-llu AmiucmiSmi. Tim 
tellies of the Isabella will have a nv|>amUj 
building of lUcir own, vtlx-nrin all thing* 
good *ixl beautiful will he; hut the woman a 
building proper will lie the linger if not the 
wort unique of the two. When the luuliey 
wn* visible, the board of ted) manugem of- 
fered three prism ol $1000. $500, uud $250 
for tiie three Ileal dwagu* mid pltuut. Thu 
competition wa* limited In women, and the 
sketch™ were sent iu amltd envelope* to the 
chief of consiructtiMl. Mi*» Hayden, of Boa- 
ton, won Uie tlrsl prize.- . Mis* Uowr.of liue- 
Um, won llie second prize; and Mia* Hove*, 
of Chicago, won tire third prize. Mis* liny 
den * design wiu approved and adopted, mid 
lire alf'R-Uiro will lie k reeled on Ilia hue* 
laid down by lier. 

Exteriorly th* building ik-signtxl by Him 
Hayden U, like those of I he others. In the oi- 
lier of the Julian Itetmiwant*-. The tir»* 
slury is 1$ text in height, uud the second 
story 41 IccL The ground diim-MMoua arc 
40u by 200 feet. When erected, die face of 
the strueturc will he toward tire wiling suit; 
but the rear wall, rising over Luke Alldbi- 
gan, will lx a work of atl loo. An Open ur- 
emia, aurtnouulod by v«m» suggested by 
Greek archx>okigictil d recovery, cumocm the 
corner and the tuhl pavilion*, on whose w 
nets ore double puireicnt. 

Tlic style of the Ural atory is Doric, and 
that of the second story Ionic. The ureude 
of the first story nupplie* a balcony above, on 
which 1 lie curtains of the MlCOIMl Hour are 
reeeased. The outlet* of the wluduvi aro 
upon this arcade balcony The gnuid en- 
trance to the building wo* a mailer of much 
concern to Mi»» Hayden. Tim ivMill* of her 
Study on this section of her work ia u triple 
open archway under a now of free standing 
Corinthian column*. An enriched pediment 
finldre* tlm centre pavilion. The mail* Cor- 
nice is deco ruled with a Very .lahurale frieze 
ilntl run* along Lhu entile length of tlsu house. 
The bouse Is rnvmil with a low lUliun roof, 
Irom the centre of which rue* nn euqiedl- 
ri ur n led skylight. 

Perhaps tlm roost critical and difficult por- 
tion of gtu Hayden's tusk wiu* the design of 
the interior. The young lady bad to depend 
literally on her uwu genlua for thi*. She had 
not even a suggraiioti fnnn Urn manager*- 
It was therefore a matter of much pleasure 
to the ladies of the Ixviird whvu l If y found 
the apartments a* well divided a* if limy had 
written out a set of ApccilkwtiottH. in the 
middle or the first floor is the main gallery. 
At the oouth of it i» a hall (Wx 14t0. iu which 
will bn bad a retrospective exhibit. At the 
oilier end Is a rimilur ujrannx-nl for the Jen- 
son of reform work and charily organization. 
Opposite llie main entrance l« tlm water eu- 
trance from the lake. OpMting into list' wa- 
ter entrance are large norms* for Model kin- 
dergarten ami model hospital To the right 
of Use main entrance are the bureau of in- 
formation. library, and record-room. 

Bread stairway* lead il)lo the second story 
front cither end of the mum giidcry, over 
which 1 b a «Tond gallery uf oqual dimen- 
sion*, into which the light pour* through 
the sky piece. Siirrooiuhtig the aecond gal- 
lery ate open colonnades. The second fliwir 
i» given up to the use* of the luimiuislrnlivu 
and the executive departtuenu. The only 
a|MUtmeat un thi* Ilnur devoted to tlir pur- 
pose* of exhibition i* at the *outhwy*u-ra 
corner. Here will be shown a model kitehen 
for deinotiHiratlod Jesuro*. Off the colon- 
nade* arc l»ilie*’ parlors, committer nsnuw. 
administration-rooms, arurmbly-rwotit. dre**- 
Ing rooms, and a club room tor exlithiUrr*. 
The galleries will lie called upon to war 
much of the but den of I be Expoaiilon few- 


lure* of the woman's department. They arc 
generous Iu dimenaluus, hclag (M) feet wide 
hr 240 fret iu length. 

Of course It 1? to 1** nprebsl that plan* 
will entrr Inrgely into th« pru|xnliou* of the 
remwitu dive maK-nul. Tlic appi-ipiiutlu«i 
of $2ht).uO0 will restrict the cootlines* i>f tli* 
work. Stucco, Wuod. mid irou will be freely 
used, but for the must pail the builder* will 
draw on staff. Thi* can bn wrought into 
a house with marvellously Uwutlfnl effect 
when the design provide* for a temporary 
affair. 

The selection of the design "carried with 
it, " as nns said in the announcement, "tlm 
appointment of iu, author as architect of tl>o 
building." The archilrel. thrreforv. ■* Miss 
Sophia Ocorgm Hayden, ami die l» now quar- 
tered in a duinty little mum in the oflitv* of 
the chief of C0ll»!riK-ti<Ml ill Chicago. Mim 
H ayden is not a native nf Boston. 1ml of 
Sviitlseo, Chill. Her fat Iter wiis r> Ihistoithti; 
and her mother a ChiliniL >li*« Hayden* 
ngimuii.il In arehllecliite Is aulogclitKI* : MD 
one other family ha* *tuduslnrt <ir drawing 
Her tether U a demist, and she Is a crmhirvlo 
of the IliMton lligh wliixil, 8he turnrel nat- 
urally to the study of drawing mid desiguiug, 
und after a four yearn' courtm in the Institute 
of Technology ill lla»1on, she rtwiveil " first 
mciiJn.il " In i|mi campanile, and also in lalK) 
when six- read her |Imw*». Kccmtly Hie Itn* 
boon a teacher nf draw lug lii various sdiopii 
of Hmtnn. Her design of the wiiluiin'* huilii- 
Ing uf the Fair was made at night, ami after 
her wixk of the day was done No person 
*uw the jifeui Iwfore it win* subiniiltsl. 1'er 
•nnnily Jlia* Hayden is txa what would be 
called a pretty woman, bin rdw has a chiiiiu 
of face and manner that is quite ottraetivo, 



|>KM* ,1. aWRXIK. CHIEF MXHaitAL OF THE 
CHICAGO VIMt nRFAHTMKXT. 


CHIEF HWEXIE'S HIDE. 

by m. a. Lank. 

Two men e‘ja-cinlly dUlingwiklicd tltein 
selves at the great fire lit Chicago on April 
ISth. One nf them w«* the Chief of tlac 
Fire Department, who drove n hack eight 
mile* in forty five minutes in order to take 
r.ltarge of the CflUllagnition, and the other 
was a |'■olire-ll>^n wli» *!i.p|»\i a ]Mliie by 
standing in front of a mob with his revolver, 
ami threatening to kill three of the men who 
did nnl give wav to tlm women. 

Four hundred fret front of Madison Street, 
one of lire mum lltoroughtemi of Chicago. I* 
covered with great masses of brick mid mor- 
tar and atone. These are the debris of the 
fire that promised a repetition or tlic- alarm- 
ing Been™ of twenty year* ago, The con- 
flagration literally wiped from the ourtli a 
number of really fiiwi building* in the heart 
of Chicago diy.aod umaumeri more than 
$1,000,000 in property. Thu chief lo«rr i* 
John M. Smyth, wliore large furniture atone 
won <m« of tlic tmrireitlrs of the long ro- 
inii tzrect. and one of tlic result* nf the new 
Chicago- The collccliona of K> dal «fe Mld- 
dleluti* Museum, including valuable bua- 
con*iricU>r*. phirand bartl*. monkey*, rare 
animals, and other property of thi* kind, 
w ere completely destroyed. The Iteymarkrt 
Theatre building suffered great hi**, and the 
building* adioiidllg were rediuasl to asliea. 

It was only through the nhnow superhu- 
man (siurwge. daring, and steadfitsttiem of 
the t.’hieago Fire Department that the flume* 
Were Mopped flntn spreading in idl dirt-c- 
lion*. The origin of the blwc »n* in n 
stable hack of Smyth* *ton;. Within tire 
CMUipnH of three hour* the fire Icul taken 
pmMWNlon of all the Mnyth properly ami tire 
museum building adjoining it. and hud l down 
over uu lire northern side nf Modiwiu be- 
tween Cabin ami Halstead street*. The <lc- 
partui-m wa* working betwu-ri two wall* of 
flame, under the menace of lofty masonry 
that, collapsing at interval*. Ilimg vast ware* 
of blinding, showering snsi k* into Use rood- 
way from eitlier side I hi* part of the ally 
Is ili’nsely js.puliil«l, and the llreiiM-n's w ork 
was made nil the more (Ufllcult by the press- 
ure of more (bun a quarter of a million pv<e 
pie. who with feverish eageriKwa bi ret. 
forced UtwBMiiw* almost into the mouth of 


307 


the furnace the ttenire hud made of one 
block of die lwisy ihorouglifnre 

In the uppe-r room* of the Dime Mureuin 
Uiat fctiad directly to iImi cu«l of tlu- bmyth 
buildings won a urge crowd of visitor*, and 
many ol i hi- hill'll lug Iiuiim-s were ocruptetl 
by fumilie*. All thi* lent the matter a graver 
aspect iliuti 1 1*- mere dcBMilUiou of property 
would involve. It also made the evelil rich 
lo incident and exploit. 

One of the mi«t notable incident*, very 
aptiruprintely. ait* the mmlnct of Deni* J. 
Kwmiib. tlx; Chief of the Fire D<-|iurtmrnt. 
The iilarin Was given toward five uVlaefc In 
the afternoon. At thut hour Cha-f ssnenie 
Wus *lnndit>g at the ojs ti gmvc uf nne of his 
bravest livutenoittN, iu Row Hill 4 Viuetery 
Bose llill he* In the uorlli. more i tin n eight 
mil™ from Madison Sim* A* the cut ill w:l< 
being throw ii in nVcrllR' feutulns of In* dend 
frh-iid. ilk 1 ninn-lml turura and walked in the 
gateway* of the grave) urd. A* be liwjked 
abioad he saw in the southern *ky over the 
pruiric land cIoimI* uf the >iunke und 4 In? red 
glow uf (he big blao- Till* an* Ills cue fur 
Mi'tioa. He npproaclusl uue of the carriage* 
tjiat were riuiMlIug at (lie gate nt tlic ceme- 
tery, *ml requested the driver lo litury him 
into the city to the Are. The drirurhsalutod 
ami n-fuscd. fiwvuie, wiihuitt a qni siimi, 
leaped up ut lire wheel, dragged the driver 
from Ids scat, flung hint into the read, gath- 
ered up the rein*, und the horiM.'*. Ulidt r flour- 
ishing JhiKW atnl chastising whip, tore tike uf- 
frighted wolven along ll>e avenue. The ve- 
hicle left lieldtid it the cenm< ry. da relteray 
uLsti-in*. tlec KuliurlM iu either hand, uud 
cieured the track Ixfuie It a* might a wild 
engine IViheeniun after polut-miui ejxuyctl 
In slop llie initu's career. It wa* useless, of 
couiiu:. In furty-flvi- luinulm frmii tlx: time 
uf tlic Matt the btukvu and fain I mg low*™ 
were drawn up in tlx- crowd. Tlx- muishttl 
duniiod helmet ami cnnvs*. mid iu HiiuliM.'r 
moment was saving lives from the cu-iuuiiun 
I hut wit* being coasiiunnaled in Lhu museum 
building. 

Not h-Mi prompt and counigeoti* wiu the 
actum uf pul In-'orilct-r Patrick sbechy. It 
wa* he who Lurunl in the alarm, uud who 
presently saw Unit the influence of a bold 
and u coni -bended man wixdd lie iHsxsssry 
iu lire museum to jirevciu si mre huiitlre-d* uf 
drathx llitcClIy his ulurw wus in, ((Hirer 
Slxt-liy ran to the museum mid up the stairs. 
The people there were alicwdvr smitten with 
panic. Sbechy snkl aftervraru that the sight 
Ire lx held wo» iiorrllile. Men at«inud to huve 
been turned into hcnsU with fear. They 
were beating down and trampling rough - 
shml oTcr tire women and children. One 
man hud turn away the dnm* of a wornalt 
wlxtttrstd te-twtvu him and liberty, and odi- 
um were shrieking and quivering and shed- 
ding most uuiiianly Ware; uud all were f run- 
tic aud almost maniaeul. The officer drew 
111* revolver, held It above his head, ami rais- 
ing hi* voice above lire halo:!, awore with *ol 
einn ln»plvs*iveix-M that Ire would altoot d«*'B 
tire first mao who struck a woman nr that 

tmiupk-d uu a chlhl. The threat Itad it* ef- 
fect, und partly sobered the stricken turn, 
wbi>|a«M-d Sheehy'b rSrVolver.aiHl wenldu«li 
arid out of danger'* way. He sioixl lit* ground 
until the last out- wasnufo.aud llx-l) he fought 
Ills way oat through tire smoke and falling 
tinder* aixt lire mar of the water that even 
now whh mmnng into the tm tiding. Townnl 
the end of tire trial the noble fellow Mood on 
tire brink of n clnthm, and took his clueesi 
look into tire for*! of deutii. 

A vigorous young Swede whh In the mu- 
seum with his sw'cdlirnrt when the Miu»kt- 
first hurst into the building, lit- I old lire 
girl lo follow bun. ami made hi* way out. 
When lie readied the street be could not find 
Jrer, Hack In- turned Into lire Ude of smoko, 
and, nfler a fierce hunt, foiiml hi* compinion. 
He conduct td her safely into tire ntreot, but 
after Urey h>.d gnue a short war, the girt 
rmtwd lx" r *li»» I sixl l»>iim-t. The young 
man stnl ioned her in u doorway, and turned 
hh teen lo the file. By thi- ilnie tlx- mu- 
antm wus empty; hut the ttwrsle literally 
bent lit* path tblungU (tau i-rudilng crowd, 
and, despite warning, once mom returned lo 


the upper atnry of the museum Thi* uc- 
tioji. timi was no I™* than laughing in lire 
faze of rrenuiii.u). wiis ro«*nl*-d tiv the re- 
covery of hi* swrsvtlimtt's sltawl and Ixinnrt, 
which, rather tattaod. he return**! lo her 
with ht« scon In il baud*. The crowd, whi-n 
it understood w 1ml he hud done, cheered him 

* Police oflli*-r Willamkr wn* chiefly in- 
Btriiliu-ntnl in (lie string of Madame Carvri, 
the fat wi mill il The nfitrer saw her through 
two fainting fit*, mid nt lust managed to taki 
her out of tire fire's reach. Zrda Ix>rrnzji, 
tire Allium Ctereiic*! |l*le. (lie hig-henued 
lior. and (lie iXJier curiosiiios wore alto tw- 
cued. 

Mrs Sarah Mack* was sick in a room In 
olio of the burning buildings. Dr. J. Z. Ber 
Berlin was nticiehng lier. Wbeti lire poor 
wmnnn reidlnil tire danger, die turned to tire 
physicinn and said: ■' Itariiir. you have a 
will! ami fnniilv. (lo! I will stay here. 
It is I retler for "in*- to die limn you," ll» 
wnipped hi* put x-nt in a Mini ket, and <wrri**l 
her in a neiu'hlxiriiig house, where, iwn af 
ler uriiul lire roar of failing route und wall*, 
bo (Mhtffd her of a girl huby. 



nrriCRK PATHICK MIKKtlY. WHO OTOTTBO 
TUB I’AXtC IN THE tiCHSCM AT THE OPT* 
HIIKAK t>r TUB riHK- 


The telalitJea werv hut two. 0. II. Me«- 
M-nger Jomptsl front nn open window into 
the Htm-t lo bu deallt, arid a thirteen year 
old (sir |>i«t hi* life by falling fmm a shed, 
from iLe roof of which bo wa* watching the 
prngrvM of tlx- lire. 

Tlii-ne wa* much fterr*ur»» in the flame, 
nn- 1 lire heal wiu exira-'t-Unaril) lutcms 
Tire varnislred furniture and the oil In the 
Sinvlh mlidilishmtiil made goixl maicttel 
an.j pnsluced * degree of heat that tiiruol 
llie w uter into »le*hi, uud that inelt«*i cuv- 
Iron and the gold ami Mlver in tlxi witn- 
Ikiuw! Vfioilis it* if lliey were of wnx. Thu 
fire wu« not i xtlogun-hed for sevend da vs. 
ami tin- nun -he *hnuiih*l the distrh l ilk fi>g 
for nlm.ot a week. To aulsluc il in it* Murt 
forty cii^ini'* and tlirve Uundivd fitcturii 
were culx*l Into service. 

The i*inilm-t of iIiz-jm- mm wan eaprclally 
brave, and showed the must undaiimt-d cour- 
age Itnd indifference to jaiin The Willi* and 
riKif* uf the huihliiig* that lieinrn«*i tlrem in 
were telling als>ul them every tpoment, and 
the hot hricks amt M-iriiig rufii-is fi-ll and 
rutted at tlx ir fw-t, lh *idrt ihis dangci from 
iiImivc wiis ndd(*i tl»e intense hint from lilt- 
flit- i*ii chlicr side «f tlrem. *o tluet they were 
nuMi-d more or len fn>tn tire ttelnes wliiclt 
root- within hilt a few rod* id tli-tn, nlxi 
whirti wi-re uualiM-liled by the- fallen walla. 
A* a usual tiling the firemen engaged in 
lighting n fin- have tlu-ir looks UliCkpOewd, 
but the Daturw uf tliis cndflitginthui inrerd 
them to work ia a valley of flnntt uud under 
a onovtant sliowt-r of failing s|nrk* Ikutt ent- 
Irers. if not of more weighty material. It in 
a coincidence that this, iu w» ll u* tin- givwi. r 
( 'hveugo fire, wa* Mailed iu a Muiilc. 



CHICAGO rtBK-SOt TII HI1IR OF W eUrsim sl'NICKT. BKTW’RKN tMu.\ Af4P n.Cl-*TKCn- 
TH« MOBNINU AFTEIt TIIK FtllK- 




308 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUMK XXXV., NO. 1791 



THE COLUMBIAN PAIK. CHICAGO.— Diuws or Cimmijg* Graham.— {S atis Paok 8U0J 
1. Tl «0 Woronn n Buildinc 2 Mi** Mintria Parker (architect of Uie Queen Isabella Pavilion). 8, Columbian Monument (from a Photograph by Min Gnrrity). 

4. Queen laaticllii Pnvilion. 


Digitized by Google 



Ipflit* 1W1. 


HARPER’S weekly. 


309 





:no 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. I TVS 



THE CHIOKETTO SHIP 
RAILWAY. 

Til* present year. it in confidently expect- 
ed, will witness the completion <>f one of the 
nun* signlAcniit of modern engineering en- 
terprise* (lie Chignccto SJiip Knit way. A 
glance nt Hie accompanying map will allow 
It* locution, cm the Ullirau* joining tlie i'ana- 
clluii province* of Nov* sent In nml New 
Brunswick. anil may aim coo try some Idru 
of it* ImiioMiiiict' from a commercial stand- 
point, Ily its use. slti|w sailing between 
American «w Bay of Fumly port* ami Mon 
trial. or other porta ou the Gulf of St. Law- 
n-ore. will be s nvcil a Journey of -MIO or -VHI 
mile* around llw moat danger, in* const of 
eastern North America. with a correspond- 
ing coin >n tlnK' nnd rtpriu.ii of every 
kincL The distance from Monlreid to St. 
Jolio. New Brunswick. for example. U. by 
the prenent route around fnpr North, LSI.! 
miles: by the *lilp mil way route it will tie 
but Sc to m i lev n •iivitiK of nearly JO per rent. 

The originator nnd promoter of tin- mil- 
way U Mr II <■. C. Ketch it in. u clever New 
Brunswick engineer, who himself lias per 
feeteil the ib-lails. anil is now in rliurge of 
the work of cnnurucibm. A nhip-cana) 
net urn the 1st lint us was advoenlrd for many 
veura. but was given up in fnvor of Mr. 
Ketchum's plan, chiefly owing to llw diffl- 
cultk-s imposed on canal conalruelbm by the 
great Inequality In tidal ebb aod flow <Mt op. 


pmite side* uf tin i-.ll. mil* tbe difference la* 
twix-n high and Inw water liellig 4A feet at 
tbe Bay of Fiin.lv end of tbc line, while on 
tbe gtllf Mile it is’Ull six. 

Tin- railway extend* in n perfect!}' straight 
line from Amherst, n rapidly growing town 
on tbe Hay of Fund), to Tldtilsb. on tin. 
Strait of NortliumlN-rlnnil, seventeen mile* 
distant. The rand bed is m» nearly level that 
It it possible to noe from one terminus the 
miistvof vessels lyinirnt tlienllter Tin- track 
i« a d.Hible one’ laid wills s|M-«inlly heavy 
rails weighing 110 pounds to Hie yard. The 
culverts nnd bridges are of massive Stone- 
work. ami the entile roud us solid and substan- 
tial human skill can make it. At cwch end 
of the line ia c i-iistriiclcd a rccriv ing basin. 


BOO feet by 300 feet, intended to receive nnd 
retain vessel* pending transportation, nnd nt 
tbe inner end of which is n lifting dock. 210 
feet by 90 feet, huill of solid in. it. Miry With 
in encli dork is n "gridiron." or arrtion of 
track, thut support* tin- cradle on which the 
ship i* curried, and connected with which on 
each vide are ten powerful hydraulic inesses. 
cuptl.lr of lifting cradle, vessel. nml cargo 
to n height of 42 feel, or to tbe level of the 
main track. 

The ship to be transported is brought from 
tbe outer la*in into tlw lifting dork, anil 
fl.salisl directly over tlie submerged cradle, 
which i* tben robed till llw keel of tlw ves- 
sel rests on the blocks with which the cradle 
it provided Bilge gourds nrc nest Imiilcd In 
close to tlie vessel* skies u rack with pawl* 
nt the buck preventing any slipping On tbc 
In drnulic presses bring pul in motion, the 
whole nm** l« raised to tlw level of the iiinin 
track, to wbir-b it is then transferred. the 
entire operation occupying only about ten 
minutes. Tbe cradle, with its fond, is tben 
transported by means of locomotives across 
tbe isthmus to the furtlwr terminus, where it 
Is again transferred from the muin Hue to 
tbe rails of tlw gridiron placed rendy to re- 
ceive it. This bring then lowered to a sufll 
clcnl depth, the vessel at once Itonla off. and 
steams or is towed into the outer linsin, 
wlwnce it continues on its voyage. A sulfl 
cienl number of cradle* and l.wvmiotives will 
be provided to enable vessels to he transport 
ed at abort inter- 
vals, or two mull 
schooner*. like 
those ordinarily en- 
gaged la tbc coast- 
ing trade, can be 
•Imultnneoiwly for- 
wanted on the 
HUM cradle. 

The railway la 
owned nnd con- 
trolled by a co tn- 
IM ny of English 
oajMinlUis. liming 
at tlieir beud such 
world famous en- 
gineer* as Sir John 
Fowler ami Kir 
Ilenjsmin Baker. 
Act mil w ork of 
construction wna 
commenced in tlie 
ant urn n of ItflOS, 
and Hie railway is 
to he completed be- 
fore tlie clow, of 
tin- present year. 
Tbe rate of lolls 
W III probably aver 
age about fifty 
cents per bm on tlw 
gros* weight. It be- 
ing the uim of Hie 
company to miike 
tlw roat of trans- 
portation about 
equal to that on 
canal*. Including 
towuge. Tlie very 
large nmnunt of 

a >ing already 
ng ou lluv of 
Fumly nnd Guff of 
fit. Lawrence wa- 
ter* points to iIm-uI 
in.«l absolute cer- 
tainly of die rail- 
way |w..vingu very 
proll table under- 
taking within a few 
year* nt tlie most, while the Canadian gov. 
crnnwnl bus niiicd tlie work by granting 
li'M-ral subsidies for twenty yeaw. These, 
however, nrr only to Is- drawn in case the 
net annual proceeds of the railway do not 
amount to seven per cent, on tbc rortiinny's 
capital stork of f.*,.(»Mt,l*rt. In addition to 
Ilw ordinary teienue from Iniusportation 
tolls, tin- compnny cx|*tl* to drrivr a large 
Income from the use of the railway ns s drv 
d«n k, for which |.<iri«iw it offer* e'xce|Mioual 
advantage* Vrswels cun be side tracked at 
any lime Tlw working expense* of Hie rail 
way wiJl Dolrxrml gj.'Hi oral annuullv, which 
w< hi Id make a total income uf only ^.Irai.oou 
lw.s-.Miry to insure the flnuiKiul indepen 
dcncc of the enterprise. 


A RECEPTION AT THE AMER- 
ICAN EMBASSY IN PARIS. 

It was within a very short time afrer tbeir 
arrival in the City of Light, on the banka of 
the Heinr.ln May. IKstMlnit tin- pic- at Amer- 
ican Minister to France nnd Mr* Wbiteluw 
Reid became, in tlw courlly language of tl>o 
flaulois' Snfinl CAroaiW//-, -very highly eon- 
ulilerexl and very considerable pcmnnngtH In 
font 1’nris;” In that "all I’uris " which i« n 
•elect social conglomeration, where llw tran- 
sient is often in llw ascendent, nnd wbir-b is 
utmost annuullv in ruiltxl anil recreated from 
the aristocracies of wrultli. of family, of 
learning, and of nr hii-vcment the world over. 
Never hod social Paris been more cosmopol- 
itan and more hriilinnHy eclectic than dur- 
ing tlie spring nnd summer of tlw Ex|M*lti»n 
and a-ntennin! rear. Tbe wall* alx.ut tbe 
Faubourg Sc Germain, though they have 
withstood in the past decades many n strong 
and sulrtlely devised onslaught, MX-ined to 
Anally suit ami. In the levelling i all mu res 
of thu revolutionary fOte. And ao It hap- 
pened thut almost daily in the wilon* of the 
Faubourg M. !c 1'oloucl Cody, au exp. me tit 
of triumphant democracy, *»* seen convers- 
ing with tbe Due de Broglie. the last uml 
somewhat lonely Waiulardhoarer of feudal- 
ism in France, and the General Tclwng, a 
shining light of C'udfuciiuiiMii, and wittiest 
of witlv t'clestiaU might have ls-.-n xni 
ItobuobEiIng with Thotniw Edison, llw dis- 
coverer of tlw light which, though, like the 
lamp of the Chinese philosopher, it may 
mnwiinw* fail, is ncvriHwIrsa llw glory of 
the New World. AdiI, slrnugc sight and 
striking b o-on to tlw intolerant of all creed* 
and of every rump, it was granted us to he- 
boid on several occasions dining this tnvni.^ 
table s.k ial season Ills Eminence Cardinal 
Rampolla. a prince of the Church, in amiable 
converse with PWice CuvullolU. a poet of the 
prob-tariat. the bw.b-r of tbc Italian Radical*, 
with the terrible battle-cry of " Ni Picu ni 
Mtiitre" engraven lu symbolic rad upon UU 
Mnmlarr] 

Limitations of fortune or lack uf Hie fnvor 
able opportunity have hitherto hnni-h.d tlw 
American embassy to the Place de» Mbits 
I'ni* or to the Rue Gulilfv Mr Wliitelaw 
Held was so lucky, however, a* to fled, on 
taking possession of Iris ph-Mfcaot Hat 
the mugnilirent hotel of the Dukes of Gru- 
mom anil of Gulchc in tbc Avenue l(o.-be 
was vacant, and be immediately conrludt-d 
tlw cosily arraiig.'itniits preliminary to bas- 
ing it In the days of the Duke Agenor de 
Gramnnl. When the eagle of the Empire Bew- 
very high, when Purls, tladn-d with the cit‘y 
Victorie* of Hie Italian wars, danced ami 
made merry nl tlw expense of the few Cas- 
sandra* who told of tlw coming uf the Com 
munc.tlii* mugnirtcent hotel oil the Avenue 
HodkC whs a favorite rendexvous of tbe cle- 
gnat nor 1.1 The Do Ginmonts liavc been 
monarchic in political faith since the days of 
Crccyari.J Pukllrrs.Md unswerving servant* 
of llw King in all tinws. 1ml lis aaul that n 
visit of the gracious Empress to these mag- 
niiiccnt lulls, and a walk through their spa- 
cious conservatories. placated completely their 
antipathy to the imperial ;wcrva«. 

The hotel is in Hie Norman style, nod built 
out of the familiar white MciM so typical of 
the home of the Grand S.-igueur in France. 
It surrounds on two sides a spacious court- 
yard : large conservatories and roomy rv in* n't 
csunplctc tlw Mptarc Our IlhiHlrallon pre- 
sent* an oBIriul itteplion rhrz M. hr Ministrr. 
Giflrtl ill imi ordinary d.gric with that some 
wlul rare ami inestimable- quality, social w»- 
rmr. It reiiulred but a -liorl lime for Mrs. 
Wliitelaw Reid to revive tlw glories of the He 
Uranium mansion as far ns they are conirmti 
hie with tlw rcpuhlirwn cm tn which we live. 
Tlie official receptions of the American min- 
ister are open to hi* countrymen. An *|w 
plication for u curd of invitation i* rsii-ly de- 
nied lo the travelling American, and never 
without some good and sufficient tvnson. 
Access to the nvrpti»M inliuirt ft diiMislo 
of Mrs. Whiu-luw lieiil is naturally more dif- 
ficulc 

Here the fortunate recipient of a caul will 
meet Mndatne Alphonse Kollisebild, tbe lead- 
er of the smart M-t. ami perhaps Madame la 
Pcinceme Mnthilde. who froin'ber undoulitcd 
influeitcr In the Academy Is known somewhat 
disrespectfully a* tbc " Mother of Immortals." 
Surely, too. you will see Madame Diu, the 
wife of the Mexican President nnd * dream 
of Southern I want.; nod perhaps, too. you 
will have the good fortune to chance upon 
lit the select throng Madunic de Tredeni. the 
celebrated blond iH-auty. who. if rumor ls>- 
Ilea its fame and for once speaks fairly, might 
have become the partner in General Upulan- 
gvr'sadvelituroiunsraer hud stir fiut bad the 
Gallic woman's love of adienturv and excite- 
ment a little more strongly developed, nnd 
Imt contented with a civil contract before 
M b? Mairr. which, owing to the continue I 
existence of Madame lloulauger in the oh 
senrity of VeraallbMk I* all the lunrriage cet- 
emony Ibul the gulLanl General cun offer any- 
one. 

Tlw President nnd MiuUme Carnot have 
not Infraipiently grmxsl these rovwfwnr in 
tinu» by their presence, ami among the men of 
light and of trading that 1 renieniljer to have 
met ill tlw botnr of ihe Ann ri. -ill minister. I 
recall Huron Murenln-im. the Russian lunbas- 
siulor. with hi* anmring nffcriatl'.n of denf- 
li.-s-i.au uninteresting i ulirniitv which tlwton 
tinrntiil iltplomat And* to un iul at time*; tlw 
raccntly deceased M. de Lafayette, the Un of 
hiadikiiuguiohvd Hue, to friendly to all Amer- 


ican* and so tbwervlng of America; M. Fk>- 
qoct; Kprrller. Duma*. Rrnun. Caro! it* Du 
ran; Gozmiui Blanco; tbe Duke of Leucli 
tcnbrrg. Lord Lyllon. James Gordon Ibu 
twit ; nnd Prince Bibetmo. 

On these ormsioo* tlw Aral floor of llw 
Imiu- 1. hv a clever deviee of slbling-il.Kirs and 
removniilr wall*, is converted into otto rang. 
iiifi.ent lullrie.i.i with adjoining reoeplimi, 
refreshment, and w Ithdrawlog room*. Can- 
fully concmded Is-biml barriers of palms nnd 
fern’s, tbe celebrated Garde RfpubUealne dl» 
coum-stbe . lance music. Roumanian lantnn, 
or lluiigarianTaigaries, or Sevillian aludeol*. 
whidievcr group of exotic musicians is at 
the moment witching Paris with novel melo 
dv. furnish the musical iniermexxl, tbc fairy 
like la-nuty of the mx-iw is heightened hr the 
soft glow of tbe incandescent electric flglit 
idg. Tbe globes and prisms nix. covered with 
vurieguh-d silken shades, aod a* we walk hilli 
cr and thither in the gay throng of distin- 
guished men and beautiful women, the tone- 
color of tlie scene I* ever changing with tbc 
shade lights uml ever new. 



Tiie IUmvsrd-Pm.xckton hash bam. bc 
rles is definitely declartxl off Harvard's Old 
Mnn of the K*n. the Graduate Advisory t'om- 
miltce, has sent w.w.l to Pitn.-et.Hi that no 
aeries of games will Is- played. Before the end 
of this mill ter is readied I iuii of tile opinion 
that this »df MOW Advisory ( ..mniittcc will 
widi it hail followtxl Ihe mfvice given In till* 
column two weeks ago. In Hm. nwnn lime we 
should like the ch«*e utteuliou of Mr. Uld- 
Man of the Sen Winslow and Ida banc-ball 
ndvtscT* while we scun llw future <x>lleginte 
horizon a bit for their benefit. A liuk* retro- 
•prsrticm will give ns a clearer umicrainnding 
of ihe cose. Ever since the fool bull season 
of 'Mt Hie athletic relation* between Harvard 
nnd Princeton have hern more or levs strained 
At that time Harvard proiestcd scvcrul of 
IVinrelon's pin vers upon grounds of profea- 
bl..r»sll-m, and Vrlnceioo rvtumed tlw rxwn- 
plim. nl with vigor. The ensuing recrimina 
lions result. xl In sudi hliternt-M of fix-ling 
Hint the fool bull team* of these two cxdlegi-* 
have not since met. Tlw feeling extended 
even into h«M- Isill, uml there bus I wen no 
meeting on the diamond. 

IIaiivamii has wrrin>UAWX from both 
these noaociaibms. advancing as a reason a 
ci-rUin rule pawed by the Harvard Allilelic 
Commlllee. In effect Hint the team* should 
not compete in contests initsble of New Eng- 
land. lu Mlditlon to till*. Ilanard line uu- 
officially taken a position disapproving of 
nawiciaiious — or. more correctly pi rliB|w. the 
nasuirintion* wliite the smaller college* are 
concerned- even though she still continues as 
a member of llw Inter I'oUcgiale Athletic As- 
sociation This brings us to the position as 
it was la«t year. Yale and Harvard being 

P lTtM* tn n' rowing ngTcemenl; Yale aud 
limx-loii In- longing to the Fool luill A*»o- 
cinllon; Yule and ITnrv»rd nnd Princt-ton 
nwnibera of Hw Inter Collegiate Athletic As 
social loti, and no bu*e-t>sll league exuiiitg 
In Inis.* lull lust venr Harvard aud Prince 
ton each played a’ wywrute serica with Yale, 
nnd Yale won both sets of games, lu foot 
hull Yule won tbe championship of Hw As 
sncialbm defeating Princetou, hut was heat 
eo by Harvard. 

Tuts team -nil's (ipenkp with an unde 
tatnilued tvmdliton of affairs in ull sport* 
By the action of tlw Harvard Athletic Com- 
lui I tee. the track athb-te* will be permitted to 
remain in the association and compete in 
New York. A new I Hutting agreement be- 
tween Yale ar»l Harvard recently signed has 
disposed of all anxiety regarding the rare, be 
log, us usual, a fixture of llw summer nt Near 
Ia. ndun. Thu* huse bull and fistl Imll are 
the only two sport* still lucking arrange- 
ments. For tbe latter there ia time, hut base 
ha I i- ill* > 1. 1> -tl-.ii i f tin ti"Hl 

Yale hex tbovoht last tear it would 
In- im> gnat task to play two separate series, 
nml undertook lo do an. They Anally we 
ixxxlrxl In winning both act* of gamrs, ami 
nltbough having nn exceptloually Strong 
nine, lite contest* were ench ns to open their 
cirs to tlw diflirullies of the uudertuking. 
Yale I* therefore aoxb.us to sec her rival* 
upon the same footing us beraetf, i e. , obliged 
to play rocli ulber. Ilaivard lias already 
mx-ii tlie ii.lvtinlagrof playing only one strong 
rival, and desin-s to make no arrangement 
that shall compel li.-r to meet Pn nee ton 
willy niliy during the senaou. Priuortun. 
still n little mix I..U* regarding the bugbear of 
n dual li-ngur between Yale aud Harvan! to 
her exeliixMHi. bn* nta.le strong effort* toward 
n serb-s with bulb, nnd in Hw latter case gone 
so far n* to agree t» play In New England. 

Arrv.it AitKAXut.N.t uamics with Princeton 
for two dates nt Hartford. Connecticut, and 
tbe regular series with Yale, Harvard backs 
out of the Prim . ton .xMitevt. giving us ex- 
cuse Hint her tram will not he so far ad 
vanned In practice work as Princeton's, and 
conwipi.-nily hnn.li.-sj.prd— an excuse llint 
is nut at all In accordance with foci* Thus 
ut the very beginning of Hw tewsou all U cou- 
lusiua. 



APRIL 25, \m. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


311 


Htvisn SOW Vsr.viEttrn vnur work. Mr 
OM Mini 1 Im* Sou. vih are ill a position lo 
I ♦conn: prop! retie. To begin vrilli, yon may 
not I kart* nil idea how uncertain i* the official 
noil upon which you stand : yon may lm ig- 
norant of the ominous rumbling* aiming the 
great body of undergraduate* nl Cambridge. 
Tire fact i«, however, that your power L* 
rapidly waning. that I he uudcrgruduaiM ore 
In-ginning lo fully realixe in whm a ridiculous 
(huiI ion you him placed them. They have 
uIkii.i arrived al Hie conclusion that in tnnt- 
ler* Ntlrdy Concerning llamwlm tlreT lire 
quite a* capable of managing a* your* If. and 
certainly a* much interested in Ibvir own 
welfare a* you chu be. They aw beginning 
tn i lil uk that intwmucb na they inwkigD ull 
the hardship of training mid do all the work, 
their wislre* a» to with whom they shall play 
hall should at least lie cl veil some cooalder;i 
liuti. They fear you have ntllier gotten it 
Into your head that you arc miinaiiitig a li'iini 
of prufi'Miouitl playcik, w hoiit you xad biihcr 
and thither at will »o lung us you pay the 
salaries promptly. They believe, in other 
word*, that they arc playing 1 mm lull for 
spori.and not tD further your whim* or youth- 
ful prejudice* Every member of the liar, 
yarn nm want* to play Princeton; fully aev- 
enty five per cent, of the undergraduate* are 
of* like mind. Therefore be warned in time, 
and beat * hasty re tout 

Yai Jt caxxot APronn. for several rmaona, 
to support Harvard'* Advisory (.'oatuiliLce in 
Uiia matter, First. it would n<it tn- fair to the 
iiremtierH of her nine to u*k them to curry on 
practically two chain uioushlp scita In 'me 
season, with the possibility of an unsatisfac- 
tory ending Second, by nequlcaolng hi the 
whim* of this youthful 1io*c- hull autocrat 
Yale practically becomes altar -bed to tlie lull 
of that tickle Advisory Committee's kite, ami 
at tlto mercy of whomsoever of lire chosen 
few may lie elec toil to pull tire string, Third. 
Yale Kporumanallip nnd good *en*e would he 
a misnomer if found countammeing ihi* 
•cbool-boy legislation. Yule must mid will 
stand firm, She w ill good nutuiedlr. hut 
flrmiy, give llarvnrd to understand that if 
alio cancel* her Princeton dull-, (he can do 
likewise with tbc Yale fixtures There will 
lie a great dcnl of bluffing at Cambridge, and 
pneuiWy no bare- ball Berio* this year, but 
next Seaton Harvard will knock at the door 
for entrance, having shaken the Old Man of 
the Sea from her shoulders, nnd regained her 
good «n*c 

Tint work or tiik Yalk Chew very plain- 
ly show* the result of the Pbiliidelplitn trip, 
and yet when I looked tire men over indi- 
vidually and collectively last w»vk I was a lot 
disappointed ; twit only *o because the glow 
ing report* that host hem circulated concern- 
lug tlrelr work on the ’Schuylkill had prob- 
alily led me to expect h«o much. As a mat- 
ter of fact, the crew i. in much hollar shape 
than it was this time lu*l year; not no fa*t, 
hut working in better form. Last year at 
about tliis tune Yale hud the Alalaula race In 
uroepect. and therefore lire men made an ef. 
fort early to gel on speed. Tire work of the 
crew today, while nothing extraordinary, i* 
certainly all that could be expected, taking 
everything into con aid erotica. The men are 
mastering tlie rudiment* — slowly, lo be sure, 
but thoroughly — and lire proverbial good 
sense of Yale is shown in tire steady develop- 
mcui of the raw material. There I* a MirT 
bom about tire arm work, and a general lack 
of eadencr, and of lhai sympathy between the 
men which make* a crew fast. ’ Their water, 
inunsliip i« taler Ilian their inboard Work, 
both lire slide and I tody swing tang rather 
poor. There is set a fnilure to get llial grip 
on tire water which given tire power, ami the 
blade- work need* attention. 

Shivs at stroke has Improved greutly 
since 1 saw him lost, hat there yet' remains 
much for him to do. There is no reason why 
Ire should not improve hi* blade work, and 
ten a llule more wap Into hl» work fat ally. 

lie give* one tire impression of being better up 
forward, to follow sonic one else, tbiui to set 
the pace himself. Ilngi-rman al seven still 
give* evidence of having beta hrought up in 
another school of rowing, though lie lnvs 
shown great improvement. Ilia catch i« 
alow, there is a perceptible hang when hi* 
oar sliuuld be mov iug all tire tint*.-, and Ire it 
rather Miff. Hr* water, owing to hi* on for 
tuuute a diI ill-limed sickoMa, ha- not lieeti 
in the brat enough to he up to hi* ohl form 
He has. indeed, h*l so much liitre tlint II will 
beceoaituic hard work for him to reach his 
best form, lli* former work, however. I* u 
guarantee of what Ire can do. Heffelfingrr at 
five has improved very much— more, in fact, 
than any other man iu the 1 -mi. He Ita* en- 
tirely distanced l‘ay ne. I Its *w iug is nut yet 
quite straight. and' hi* body net under con- 
trol. which gives one nn impression lltjsl his 
weight is a trifle too much for him. Hut till# 
great foot-ball rusher is going to make an 
oarsman, and a powerful one be will be. 

PATH* t* A PT*itmHXTKKST. He nt first 
gave considerable promise of working into 
aim |*i, but lately he ** ru- to have tn-en stand- 
ing still. He buck* tally, cut* hi* swing 
■hurt, ami rock* about in a most deplorable 
n tanner lie lut# been pulling at four, but 
is by no means sure of tire Mitt. Bond i* 
an- her candidate who require* close and 
persistent touching. At tlie present tlrire 
be I* working in poor form. He i* stiff, 
can't slraighJcu his arms, lacks reach and 


gnicr, is clumsy. Olid doesn't handle Iris slide 
properly. Ile’finhibe* tally iiinl hi* water- 
manship i> poor, I'rnsbv rut* the stroke out 
luulty . tnuke* It loo short, and fails generally 
to ire hi* arm* properly Ely cannot control 
his slide, going down with it rudi that end* 
ill n Jxtfc. la-rtce drops over with Ills shoul- 
der*. I hi! lid, who luui Uvn nt 1 k>w quite 
regularly is lire oldest mini ill lire host, and 
very- strung. lie Is, however, too short, 
and I* compelled to go out uf funu to keep 
in with the others. He ha* no reach, anil 
goes back loo far on lire recover. 

Mti.u* ham xirr ukcovkiucd fully from the 
attack of the grippe lie caught In I'ltiladel- 
jdiiu. but lie will prolatbly ire ready for work 
Inn few days, and I* likely t« try for one of lire 
seals in lire bow of the lioal. lie was show 
ing encouraging work jsU before gening 
sick. Ely Im* likewta been doing fiiitlv 
weil. nnd is likely to t»- trk*l al four Gotihl. 
it i* Imped will get into form good enough 
to Dll number two. At protein !«• tUrean't 
get on the power, inn* loir much of a 
ruth on Ills slide, and there Is a |H-rcepllbk' 
hung tltat spoilt moiim; otlrerwbc fair work. 
He is au improving man. There 1* *o«ire 
tulk of giving Stanley Morriwm. tire fwot-bnll 
player, an opportunity of showing wtmt he 
call ilo in the Imat. but nothing poniiivn is 
deeidisl. Morrisirn ceilainly lure strength 
and euduranre. Strokes seven, six. ami five 
noil ion* un; dceidid upon, and will be filled 
■> tbe inline- here- given. Tire remaining 
four scut* are uncertain, thnugli tbc next tw o 
weeks will doa great deul toward developing 
material and settling the position*. 

Captain' Cauioi'x's acciokht make* Ure 
nrnspect* of tbe Yale nine nilher dubious. 
Wit I him in comnsrind there I* na even 
chuncr for winning; without him lire result 
appear* to lie a foregone conclusion. Indeed, 
NBH he wreadnef hi* shoulder the Irani 
appeiws to have gune to piece-, and unless 
lire men brace up greatly they will not lat in 
lire race. The exhibition they gave last week 
with WllUama was vorv poor. In one of the 

K mc* Stewart w»« hud up iu the fifth inn 
I. though not seriously. He would not 
liarc Iiei-n any crmsidi: ruble km*, on tint day 
at leiist. for Ire could not bit a balloon— m»r, In 
furi, enukl any of tire team— and niadearnnk 
inufT of a low throw, which the aeorors gave 
a wild throw, Although palpably Stewart s er- 
ror, ns the ball was fully two indies off the 
ground. Ob ttr-t UMcNewan hnatlonc fairly 
well. Ciuc pitched in gimd form, although 
iVde gave him weak mi|ipoit. 

It l* VUI DOUBTFUL if Culhoub * shoul 
«W-r will recover bufficirntly for him to plnv 
sec ond base this reason ; and Owsley, who 
Ua* done fun Iv at third, i* a sick man. and 
has been since lie entered oolk-ge. There are 
several men on the ulire. veteran* of Sant year, 
who should now, in the hour of Yale's need, 
come tu the re«cne, ami steady up the raw 
unite rial, which ap[trare to be hhIIv in need 
of BMMt such intlueiico. Md'lung. the great 
foot-hall half laxck. will lirgin to play in a 
Tew days, ami greatly strengthen the leant. 
Last year be played at abort. Howcra ha* 
lirni doing some very goml work in tbe box. 
There I? no excuse for the most of Harvey * 
errors. Urey come from slieer curelwMioi*. 
Bumming up:— lire lw*e running of tire team 
is good all the way through; lidding, fair; 
but the batting is u-cle-a, falnt-hennetl. and 
babyish. 

Tim OAMK ox Sattbwat with Brooklyn 
showed whim- iinprovemen*. Muqdiv dem 
oostrstr-d beyond question his claim to a 
permanent po*itioo on the liatu ; his all- 
round play wm very good, while tire exhibi- 
tion hr gave of Iuim- running r<iukl not be 
excelled. Kedwe did very wdi on third. 
Bowers, if he continues improving a* he has. 
will make a pitdser of considerable ability 
tiefore tbc scuson cuds. Mrf lung made In* 
first appearance of tire sennon on first Inure, 

md show* the oted of practice naturally. 
There was very little co&rbing. and it was 
miserable. Tire nine showed plainly the 
Ion of its captain. 

Tins Harvakp xixk continue* to steadily 
travel the road of improvement. At tire lic- 
ginuing of last week ami in tlie preceding 
Saturday's game the men seemed lo vie with 
one another in number of error* made. but im- 
mediately braced up, and hare played strong 
ball lo their last game* The candidate* are 
showing great earnrotmtsa in their work. 
Cook lw» greatly *treng1lrem*l hi* hold on 
third lose, and I fallow ell Iu* played very 
gi»*l bull In his last guinea. The team f» 
not wiliinut *ome drawback*. Bate* Iu* the 
grippe, nnd Cobh. Cook, and I tan have very 
I ante arm*. Cobb hn* tiern doing great work 
la-hind tbc hat. lie throws to second fairly, 
and in one match with Boston, last week, he 
caught as pretty u game a* one would wish 
to see. One of the out ndd positions yet re- 
mains u I"** up belwceu A 1 ward nnd Dickin- 
son; both have shown Improved form, espe- 
cially the former, in one of the game* in the 
Boston series. Hallowed hn* puyed a first 
class giune nl centre, and done some Very 
effective work. 

Tut Pdu UANiMCAfs fnc thisHCftson have 
not yet Isren given out, hut lire numlrer of 
entnea for Ure Mibrshil* of game* published 
several week* ago In thi* column show* that 
Ure growing interest will raise the *taiidard 
Ibis year very materially . Tire general play of 


lire men bast season was bet fer than that of the 
prmsilng year; Hiul ibis fact |>a* irecc<*llatcd 
new handicapping, Itascd on the play of last 
v«wr The Polo A>*orialiou had a meeting 
ln*t week, ami discussed Ure advisability of 
using a larger lull than lias Ims-ii used here- 
tofi.r Tli*- Englidiiaoa play with n hall 
inches in rlinmi-tcr, much larger Ihnn has 
her* seen hero. A committee ha* l*a‘n Up 
pointrd to look into Ure matter, ami hulls of 
I*. Hi. and HI iirebc* In diameter respect I vcly 
will Ire tried. 

Tiik i.cniuT woKTWie are making to 
pass it hill through lire la-gislalure prohihil- 
ing the liiiildiug of any railroad Uiroagh the 
Adirmulnrk region sImhiIi) bavt- Ure eariM-nt 
support of all citizens of Xew York. Tliis 
is hy m> menus a mailer that coocvrixs qxirls- 
men oclv. It interest*, every man in (his 
Slate. \Ve want lire North \VooiL set iqurt 
a- a public park, nud prolwcUil ns *uHi. 
Once nils' w nn iiiva-ion lo Ire Hindi- in (lie 
Adironducks. awl the place will tapidly ire 
come infested with all manner of schemes of 
tire snmmoMVMrt fiend. To-thty tire Adi- 
romlack* i* piuctically Uie only spot coni- 
inrativeiy near tt» where we COB go for a 
hit id purr air mid gentle sport. More than 
this, lire military value of the North Woods 
district U very great. The Im ltd lag of * 
railroad through thia m-tinn mentis the ex- 
tinction of ll» glories. There I* already one 
railroad in existence tln-re. and it Its* prc vi-d 
quite equal lo tbc demand- upon it. One 
grand Itiunn Inis been given soulless schem- 
er* hy the crushing out of the fultlileM Foimt 
ConiiniNsioucrt; eiuinnt iinotbcr equally gix*! 
Ire admluMered the projectors of land and 
railroad sehemes in thi* brostliing-spot of 
New York. 

UooitTIUM T KISIIIXO ner<l not he expert i*] 
this summer in the Blue Hidge nnd Allegimiiv 
moanlain*. for lire recent benvy rains have 
played «ai1 havoc will* live finny tribe. The 
rninfiil] in tire Smith lias Irecti wllltoot-pre- 
ccilenf. and Ure iiiounlnin streams Itave filled 
Uie rivers, and diber snuterwl the trout, or 
killed them In- tltelr bring left on the low 
lands nnd swamps Ity the roording waters. 
The tame fnte hw befallen that garni- ll-h 
the black haw*. Every river south of Balti- 
more and Washington has Us-n overflow- 
ing its looks continuously for the past two 
months. I/ing-enntlmicd spring freshets are 
dlststriMIS to the llxli. On tire other hand, 
all kinds of game in the South have wintered 
nicely. Bob While is likely to Ire in great 
abundance next fall. 

Mh. B. S. Be Uahkknwa mat jikti- 
Ktnu the prediction of tbto column by win- 
uing for tbc wreoud lime, Iasi Hotimlity. tile 
nrniiu-iir racquet cltamplMittliip. Ills tratne 
with Mr. E. Lit Mou>agnc,.lun..on tire Wedire.*- 
riay preceding had l*i sr«mc extent shown Iu 
what fine form he wa* playing, but it remain- 
ml for Uie final match wtih Mr. -I. 8. Tooker 
to demonstrate hi* consummate ability nt 
racquet*. The surprising form displayed 
by Mr. Tooker several weeks ago. when Ire 
defatted Mr. I hi tlarinendin for the club 
r;hampion«hip. hail won him ninny support- 
er* in the greater event, aiul It i- ointy lair to 
him to say that he proved liinun-lf full worthy 
of the confidence of his admirers, lie piny, 
cd a steady, strong came, sliowhtg good Judg- 
ment, and putting on speed lliat would hare 
wont out a lo** formidable opponent. A* 
fnc Mr. De (jarmendla, hi* form un* superb 
—not an error, not au opportunltT lost. HI* 
service wo* very severe, aiul mi skilful a* in 
make Ure ball* "die away " iu lire angles of 
tire court; his placing w : n* a lesson hi rac- 
quet*. He won three straight games in lliir 
ty-five mlautes. Score, 14-7, 1 <-!A 15-0. 

Casta R TV. Whitney. 


TI1E DOWNS QUARTER-MILE 
RECORD CONTROVERSY. 

Tiik Down* record case will go down to 
DosUrtl) os the must remarkable piece of 
bungling in athletic history. Tire New York 
Athletic Hub, of which Downs is a arenil*:r. 
exhibited had management al the trial last 
July.aud since that time Iras shown an unpre- 
cedented indifference hy its feeble at tempi* 
to have the grand pcrf'iniumre rocogni/sd 
1‘rntiably the mo«t a>t(iaishing side of lire 
miitier, however. Inis Ireen tbe ease with which 
a few insignificant seekeia for cheap notoriety 
have la-en able lo rata *•> much dbcuaslon. 
To cUwrlv iimten-laiMi this cose a bit of re- 
trospection is ivmwmry. 

On July ft. HO. Down* nuuh- an attempt on 
the Beacon 1'urk ruce-lrack, Boston, In lower 
tire quarter mile record of tTj seconds, held 
by IN emlell Baker. The triul wire arranged 
by the New York Athletic Club, ami throe 
men of experience in sueli matters went down 
to Boston from hero to take charge of tire 
affair Them associated with tlrem several 
other men of like ex fieri cocc in lti*Uin. Tire 
track was measiiroil by four of their Bumtrer, 
■nd checked at each length of Ure tape. 
Timer* were stationed at tire 400-yard mark* 
n* well a* at the finish, nnd Mr. I (own* nut 
the distance, reaching the 400 yard mark in 
4H seen oils, establishing tire world's record 
for that di*tant-e. and (imtsiing lire tape at 
the 440-yard mark in 47jj scoond*. 

Downs ran very strong, *o strong tltat O. 
I*. Cogswell, an ohl Harvard athh-te. with a 
record under two minutes for lire half-mile, 
who acted ua pace maker from tlie !My murk 


(Which Downs rwtcliwl in 23j seconds), al- 
tlreugb starting fresh, had all Ire could do to 
keep in the haul. Mr < 'ogswell declared him 
self aUonl*bed at the speed Down* showed 
in tbe 1**1 390 yard*. The spcotRtov* of Un- 
run included n number (if Harvard and club 
nren. ami Minre of that professional clement 
ninny* lo la- found in the vicinity of rare- 
track’s At the conclusion of the trial nil 
lire idfteiaU agreed on the aullreiitieily of 
the performance, and iu> dissenting voire 
was heard. Before I towns ran, J. C. Hern 
ment, wire wa» on the grounds representing 
me, pltotogiuplidl him on hi* murk nt llit- 
stnrt, a copy uf which is reproduced in illus- 
tration " A HeiRRieat tlren went down to 
lire 440 yard mark, and ■ aught au inslanta 
Iteoits photograph of Down* finUhiug and 
within nhnuL nine fert of the tape, which is 
reproiiitced in cut " A 1 " It may la- staled, 
in orili-r la throw furl her light on subsequent 
occurrences, I Inst while the track wo* bring 
Dint.Mm.-d, and, in furl, during the trial, the 
pmfrsrioiutl clement among the snectas/ira 
vena very generous with advice nud stage* 
lion# dial were neither solicited, required, 
tior regarded. 

The day following the event a sensation 
was created hy n declaration from thi* souire 
that lire coalite Downs land ran wits tkotl 
Among other equally tnnlworth)- reason# 
pot forth, wa* rare that'll workman nnd draw n 
a line in.-ri.sis the track ‘JO fed back of the 
true finish, over which Ure tape had hern 
bold Instead of al the 440-yard mark, nod 
that another workman had cut a notch in 
tbe ft lice Where Downs actually did filik-h. 
nud that this was short of the ptv*rrils-ii 
distance. Now it was really remarkable 
that an ignorant laborer— a common every- 
day dirt - braver— should Itave exhibited m> 
great an Interest iu this event, arid such 
pretermit anil dtarronient of future com- 
pHeathiB, as to first of all obliterate the 4<NI. 
yard mark, ami Urea, with an intrenuousiie** 
worthy of transcription, to draw a line across 
the track ftvt back of lire true finish 
Hue. mitking the arrow -head*, etc., exactly 
like that at the- finish. Next, w ith it flub of 
forethought positively U-wllderlug. hi- cut* a 
notch in lire fence where it is claimed Down* 
finished . and filially, thi* iv-totilahiuc dirt 
heaver, with a rare npprecinlinn of Ube ro- 
wanl to come, surround# hi* labor* with 
(’immeiiao darkness until the following 
day. 

lire err of wolf Itaving hron raised. (Ire 
trainer of oim of Boobin'* athletic clult* and 
several nremlicv* of tire same dub added 
their voice* to the alarm, and have never 
lowered them since. 1 may dispute hero of 
till* Unitrer's testimony when I say that 
though lie hit* proclaimed lire loudest Hint 
Downs finidieil 20 feet short. Ire was about n 
quattvr of a mile away when Down* breast- 
ed the tape So ni licit for liliu. Now for 
tire other claims At the beginning of tire 
htiblKih these sensation bceedcr* declared that 
Down# cvitikl not have run lire last 4t( yaid* 
iu the lime uhn-h a cranpariaoii of the UK) 
him! 440 yard figure* »liow* must have Urn 
done. Downs tlnislred strong, a* the ioslitula- 
neon* iiliotognipli (nit "A 1 " shows; and to 
cover »t> yard* in that CoadltioB from a fiyiug 
start In 4 1 w-coud* would lie nothing reniark 
able. Thi* disposed of, the detractors fell 
buck on the 90-font lira- drawn bv lire obli- 
ging laborer, ami dilated long ana positively 
on lilts having been tlie place where Down's 
finished Whets tlreln*(iiiiUDcimspliatngrapli 
of tire finish was developnd. lo and behold' 
there was lire sift foot line in tire background 
showing clearly Ireblnd Downs, ns shown 
here Iu cut " A l.” 

The wise men of tbc East, however, bail 
foUuwrd their star too long to con few* It a 
will o' wi*p A claim Was ut once made that 
the negative h.td tan " doclorml "—Hint the 
Hire had tan drann on the negative, the de- 
luded contingent, in it* ignorance, not know 
ing llmt a Hire drawn imi the negative would 
show in front of Downs. To answer nil 
claims, however, ik> matter how improbable, 
the ocgAtivr whs taken by Mr. W. B Curtr*. 
editor of Thr Spirit tfu Tiw. and myself 
to photograph te ex|H-rt# hi thi* citr.’wlm 
made an ntlidsvit. signer! and sworn to before 
a notary, that the nepiitivc Itail not been doc- 
tored, and that the line was t«k*-n stmulta 
neously with tire other objects in the ph-ture. 

The one remaining straw now was the 
uolcb In the fence. After its psreuUge had 
hern put upon several, it was finally itcRuow- 
lodged by John (intlmin, who said be cut It 
lire day ajhr the event. Gmlmm held it 
wntcli at tlie BHXgunf mart. Beineml» r. the 
first rluim au* that it laborer standing at the 
,/iivraA cut tbc nolrh iMUirriioIrtg after Downs 
fiuiktal. Notch, line, ami theory gout:, the 
cliairman of the Boston contiagr-nt. known 
generally it# the L-tllcr Day Investigatinc 
Committee, lotiaclied Into nmt hematics, and 
almolulety lost himself, his supporter*, and 
his cause-', tire cultured lliibcould no longer 
prove faithful to a standard raised ou igno- 
rance. From that day to thi* we have Ireitrd 
no more theories on tire Ihtwus record. Not 
one point raised bv tire op|w>«i1ion h*s lircn 
substantia Uid. while that littUmlaireoiiN plus 
l-jgraplt remains intact. 

I have entered into the detail* of this per- 
formance, that tire entire country may have 
the absolute uncolored fuel*, and realize to 
what extreme* the detractor* of tliis record 
have gone to gaiu ilreir point. One of tlie 
greatest ntliHic fen!* ever aecoRiplMred by 
man has been near living lost to him and the 
alldetU- world through the machination of 
a few soullcsa creatures. Men have gone out 


312 


HARPER'8 WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. HO. 171). 



ed tint grmiineni't* of thi* 440- 
yard record, these photographs, 
made public in this issue for 
the first lime, should entirely 
settle the matter In their minds. 
They absolutely prove that 
the place from where Downs 


ting" is not the same; but measuring from 
bb chin to the crown of his bead, it will 
tie found that ”A" and "B" are precisely 
the same. 

"C” show* w lie re Downs would be if be 
had started from where the opposition claim 
he did. and which i* 440 yards from the ■ ' F " 



of Ihclr way lo actually lie away this record, 
and. what i* worse, they might nave succeed- 
ed hod it not lieen for a little forethought 
on our port— and a camera. 

Two week* ago ibe New York Athletic 



started and that where he finished were 440 
yards apart, and that be is clearly aud un- 
deniably entitled to tbo 4?| second* record 
be mn.fe on July 0. WX 
•’A" Is the photograph of the "start.” 
taken on the day tbe record was 
made. " A 1" is the photograph 
of the finish, taken on tbe uumi 
day. “ B “ b a photograph tak- 
en April 6. 'Ill, which llcinmrnl 
claims Is the same aa "A" by 
Uic following measurements: 


marked on the fence nt the finish. Downs 
said, when he placed himself on this mnrk 
(April 6, lHtM ). that be win positive bn did 
not start from then, aa It would throw him 
oat of a direct line, down the track Itcsido 
the fence; and n* even' one knows he ran in 
thi* straight line, to declare be started here 
is absurd. 

" B f was taken on the same day as “ B." 
and Mr. Hemninit claims U an exact re|ieo- 
duction of “AT' by tbo following measure- 
men is: 



in "A" and "A!,"** the point* mentioned 
correspond, and the telegraph poles have the 
same position on the chimney between iiointa 
1 and 2. Thu is not true on “Cl.” which 
by comparison will be aeen to be much 
smaller than on "A 1" ami "Bl.“ "Cl” is 
where the opposition claim Downs should 
have finUbcd. aa it is the site of that remark- 
able " F”cut in the trace. Bui it is claimed 
he finished 20 feet short of Uib line, which b 
correct, as the 6tart Is about 20 fret further 
toward the horn, which brings the camera 
nearer the background objects, nnd makes 
their sire the same in "Al" aa in "HI." 
A* all these marks in and along the fence 
were maiie tbe day after Ibe trial, they are of 
no little value. These photograph* were all 
taken with the same len*. Hcmtnenl stood 
on the track when be took “A Cand “ B 1." 
hut had to get luck on the grata close to a 
fence to take "Cl.” Mr liemnH nt tav* 
that one of the newspaper men hod his cam- 
era ten or fifteen minutes trying to get Downs 
in the same position on the bam In ''(."'as 
IK in men l has in "A" and " H," hut could not 
do it. Now lot the Record Committee of 
the Amateur Athletic In ion do ita duty, aud 
order Mr Downs'* medal. 

C*st*r W. Whitney. 


ONE MIGHTY TRUTH, 

P*r sot broatable Ilian Ike Uwi of ih« Kdn and 
Pamltna, - l hi. i lltwlth Is tbe h>«Ur. prlc— 
■lines all rather*. Wltfcoat It who •hall aoersadT 
Small alliwMita, lempnrarr kndlgreUow, couUilctluii 
of tbo bowsia, a rhlll, bucllvlty of the ItUorya, may. 
ay. do culmii.u. dlsawnm.ly, liostrttar's Muntsch 
Duten cbrcXinata Lboa In short nrdw [Ait.} 


PENNSY LVAN I A RAILROAD'S LINKS TO 
WASHINGTON - DISCONTINUING 
EXTRA PARK CHARGES 

Tiir business man. the tourist, the pleasure 
seeker. or Use traveller lo southern points 
beyond, all have in the lines of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad, with its vestibule Pullman 
sleeping, dining, htifTel. and parlor cars form 
lug Use equipment of it* fast express trains 
to Baltimore and Washington. the medium 
for comfort, speed, and safety. The an- 
nouncement made by the Pennsylvania Rnil 
road Company that ou and after Wednesday, 
April 13th. the extra fare cburgtw on the 
New York aud Washington IlmTlcd trains, 
leaving New York week-days at l <1-10 A.M . 
and Waahiugtoo, D C.. at 0 40 A M . re 
spectively. and Philadelphia at 12.35 P.M. 
fur Waahingtoo aud 1.08 P.M. for New 
York, would lw withdrawn, baa brought 
forth favorable comment from the travelling 
public. 

The Iraiua are composed of Pullman vr*. 
tibulc pnrlor care, carrying FtHlrifiall 
I bill road dining cur, and live only additional 
fare is a nominal ooe charged by the Pull 
man Cuinpauy. 

The high alandard of equipment and ex- 
cellent service which have made Unite train* 
famous will be maintained.— [.life.] 


M118. WINSLOW S 


it. the ram., *IUr* 


dvLrrlim Itailii liy dracf I.U la ••eir ,ai 
•tai Id. Tacutj-flv* etuu s Umle.— (4dt.| 




i lisd OtdMrws, slw *»»» 


rnol lot Castoita, 

-'••• ig lo Ohmis 
Uieia Lesions. — 
(ddr.J 


Club arouard itacl f. after nine month* of *1 um- 
ber. and sent J. O. Ilemmrut lo llnaton to 
corrolHirate if poasible tlso photograph* taken 
by him on Uic day of the performance. If 
there have been any that still bou«*Oy doubt 





Tbe same number of poata 
are visible ou "A" as on "B” 
along the fence line, and the 
same post which ia in line 
with the cod of the barn in 
"A” is also Uie same in " B.” 
The reason the height of 
Downa in not alike iu both 
is became the paw in "set- 



The height of Downs in "Al," “Bl." 
and "Cl” shows that he U tbe same dis- 
tance from the lens in each case, which is 
31 feet, aud niuc feet from the tlniah. The 
fence run* in a direct line with the house in 
the background 

From the start in " B " it U 440 yards to 
tbe finish In "Bl," which must be the name 



BROWN* MOUSKIIOLD 1‘ANACEA. 


C9I BROWN ISCAMIHUHATKDSAl’ONAlKOtH 

DurririucB to* iw rum dbuciou*. w *. 
= ____ == 

Kim7i,l»' nns tnllrat - w.ier nl the Crown Ptf- 
flunsvj LVs “ Hc a ai Uilu* very ihillcluoa."— t lUm r. 

-4-Uw) 


DR. LYON-9 PERFECT TOOTH POWDER. 

W blleaa Lb* Metb s»4 (wnfisw the txcaili. tbe.— (Ada.) 


HARPER’S WEEKLY 

ADVERTISING RATES 

mow rwrsa rvua. raa u«s asm rowan- a ft 75 

■m idtu rwt. , raau*a,a.i7Bi*waTiow iso 

nni,n mm rwt rnuHunimim 1 as 

»raciAuaiK.»Mii v-TM«s rsiutsursnasiM 3 m 


HARPER S PERIODICALS 

ff ixm * SI 7 GHV*. H 

tttkrtfKs irsrs/.r .. ... ......... t. 

mitri'H ■« H4MAK .1 

ii AMI*** roam norm .. i 


HAR DCP A BROTHERS, NEW YORK 


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GLIMPSES OF AUSTRALIAN LIFE. 

BY GILBERT PARKER. 


AtCOtt* 


S OMETIMES Ibr Florence Annie, on which our party 
travelled. would couridtr it wit© policy to leave 
tli« regular channel of tin* Darling nnd rul across 
country to save a bo»esho« bend, and otic© she 
did It 10 But out of the wav of n steamer, who*© 
name I have forgotten, but 1 tbiuk ft was Hh' Eltia Jane. 
Tin; history of tliu Ehta Jane was peculiar Before we left 
Bourkc. the proprietor of the hotel raid: " You'll WJ likely 
meet ihiu Euro Ane coning up the river. I sent by her to 
Adelaide for a load of lumber three years ago. nod die is 
ju»t bringing It up now. Shu went down all right, but the 
river got them on her way lack, and nIm bad to stop short. 
So the cnpluiii turned her nose into the lank, lird her up, 
and they tan her as u saw mill far three yearn." And this his- 
toric uml adaptable boat w© met on our journey. So certain 
was It of Its right of way that il seemed eminently anxious 
to interfere with the bows of the FI turner Annie. It wan 
the habit among the Seven afterward to any that the officers 
of the Eliza Jane had been Indulging in shearer 1 * joy, but of 
that I am not certain. The nervous affidavit of the captain 
of the E torture .ImiuV could not be euffldent warrant. He 
was prejudiced, and Ire appeared to think In lurid patches. 
Hut tin- talc of the EUm Jane ends not here. Wbeu, with 
a Daiuaaciau sarcawn. our captain asked the other captain 
what was the matter with him and his flouting coffiu, lie was 
ononriy bade to wall till Ihj got to Grath. Grath i* not the 
real name, but it protects the inhabitant*. We arrived 
there the following day The hot si-keeper; the children, 
and Lukes tit© King of Grath were sober. From the hotel 
keeper wc learned that Lukes the King had sent to Adelnidc 
three year* before by the Eliza Jane for a granite monument, 
that tlmili should Lave a piece of architecture — which, in- 
deed, it seemed sorely in need of— and that his two ’•dear 
departed wive* " might have some visible token U> their »- 
cred memory. But wo know wliat chanced to Use Eliza Jane, 
and while lit© people of Grath walled for the monument, 
which was to be accompanied by a function, the draught 
went on. Lukes live King married again. But 1 1 w marriage 
baked incut* were hardly cold when the floods came, and 
with it the Eliza Jane and the monument. Lukes the King 
wan not dismayed. He I tad the function, Tim thin! wife 
declared the stone wnli ami truly laid, and iu the evening a 
banquet was held, at which Luke* the King toasted “ the 
dear departed " in florid eloquence, coupling with the taunt 
the name of liis third wife. And thus Gruih got its archi- 
tecture. and, as Lukes put it, "the by gone partners of his 
bosom could now rest in pride beneath the sands of Grath-” 
When the heat stoppetl.it was Lukes tlie King of Grath that 
led mr to ask with him a question which Involves « tale of 
what I* grimly grotesque in Australian existence. It is giv- 
en here because, more tbun pages of general tkscrlptiou. it 
augireiis life lu the lark blocks. 

Early in the eighties a traveller lost his way lu thu great 
scrub land beyond the Dunlop Itnngr. Ho could find no 
water: lie could find no station. Perhaps be wandered 
round and round a circle, ever coming back, with tlie weird 
fatality of lost travellers, to llw same spot igaiu ; returning lo 
his fate, like n murderer to the place of liis crime. Far and 
wide stretched a sliirkcn land. The ©litre of a hard and 
pitiless blue overhead : ibe endless vbta of salt-bush, brigaio w, 
siiiy-a while, and imilg*; llw r reeks hut stretches of alone, 
ami no si teller from thu shadeleM gums — those only meeting 
his eve. To quench hi* thirst, hr killed his dying horse and 
drunk its blood. That nigld. ns the tun was titling over the 
gray (stations of maloc scrub, a boundary ridrr found him. 
But it was loo late, reason bad fled Ural, and now hr was 
cold, never again to be warm, in a land of a thousand fur 
it iwn In bis pockets were five shilling*. The boundary 
rider took them, and at the township to which he was going 
he gave the fire shillings to a Sundowner is tram pi; for bush 
men are superstitious, and ho would not keep the money or 
spend iu The Sundowner was found on the plains mouths 
after, dead, in * clump of yellow wattles, and on him were 
those five shillings. The two slock rider* that found him 
came to Grath. passed through it on foot, and struck off to u 
station where they were to work. They .too. were found— otic 
hanging to au iron-bark tree, the other dead beneath The 
man who found them was a rousialxiul fur Lukes the King 
of Oral li. He became poss es se d of the five shillings. Luke* 
nd vised him to throw them iu the river. But he was a new 
hand, lie bad no aupeftlili»u». aud he went off next morning 
to curry n message In the hack station twenty miles away. 
But ere he got there the floods came and covered the land, 
nnd be was never soon again, nor any trace of hint, lie 
might be loot for generation* iu a country where one man 
lenm-s a thousand square miles of land, and bus but one 
sheep lo ten acres. Where are those five shillings? 


burke s cave. 

There L no more suggestive spot in Australia than Burke's 
Cave, of which I spoke in my Aral paper, and which, in com 
pauy with the superintendent, I visited nt night. The star* 
arc palpitating in the blue, near by is the |xtwlng of new 
ly harnessed hones. Around us is tbs voiceless Australian 
plain anil a dark heavy line of cheerless forest. Withia tlie 
cave a dog lies asleep on some bogs of chaff. The superin- 
tendent hold* up the slush-light, and nuts it along the hun- 
dreds of Domra curved un tlie hard wall, But Burke's Ini- 
tials, smoked, obliterated, are entirely vanished. ’ Here they 
were.'" says the superintendent. " Your* ago I sew them 
here, but they are gone. " A nd liere in this care there comes 
to our minds the statue in Melbourne of the young, refined, 
and tn>We-mind«l Wills; the brave, vigorous, and enthusi 
ns tic Burke; and the memory of the generous and devot- 
ed Gray. 

And standing there iu the cave, one might ts> pardoned 
for a misty eye. as the thought rise* of the awful mockery 
that followed’ litem ns they crept on from (suit to pint, in In' 
a sacrifice to their own victory at the lost; to fall victims to 
the iinforgivrn art of that Mime one who blundered. Mit- 
llng on 1 hi- but seat of the couch. I had read out loud to tlie 
superintendent. tr> Jim the driver, and the policeman, tlie 
tale of the lives of Burke and Wills from the Rev. G Grimm's 
excellent book of tbn Australian explorer*. Jim was uot 
likely to he moved easily In the emotions, hut he gulped u 
little" us the tragedy neared its cud. The warripils iu 
the traces rattled on. shoeless uri.-untamed ; ths wheels rum 


bled over the aching ground; the voice of the reader row 
through rhe du*l Silent and gT*Te were these men of the 
plain* us the words fell (hat lolil of the burial of poor Gray, 
and the return of the leaders to the spot on the Bar coo where 
they had ordered the reur guard to slay. But Wright, the 
subordinate in whom their hopo lay. had never come, There 
were three of them lo face death -Burke and Will* and the 
faithful follower King But let Mr. Grimm tell the end in 
his own pathcllc way: ' On the second day Buiko auc- 
cuml.wd. and felt his end to be near He was a brave man. 
yet he shrunk front dying alone, and be entreated King to 
*uy with biui till all was over. Hi* dying request wa* re- 
ligiously observed by hi* trusty friend, who held him in his 
arms until lie breathed bis las*. Then King returned to 
Wilts. It was all peace, for he loo lay quietly asleep in the 
nriiiB of dentil. Beside bis IkmIt lay his journal. iu which 
he hod mud© his lag entry with a 'trembling bund, noting 
tbo aspect of tlie weather, and added, with a stroke of plea- 
santry even yet, tbut he was Just like Mr. Micnwber. ’11011 
log fur MUM tiling lo turn up.' '' Behind mr tlie policeman 
turned his head away; the auperintendeot liad his hand to 
Ills forehead, as if he were scanning the plain*; n whip went 
sburply arrow the flank? of the leader*, and Jiiu said, in a 
husky voice, "It was all along of Hut W right " 

What coumry can show a history of heroic exploration like 
to this? None; for in none was’ the problem uf travel so 
great, so ominous Ami iu this cave one thought, too, of Sturt, 
who had passed through lire*© wilds on liJs way to Rocky 
Gleu at Mount Poole, where lie and ail that were with him 
suffered a* suffer the damned. Later it wa» my lot to travel 
over his very course, amt to sec a country where only an 
inch of rain had fallen iu eighteen mouths. From thu duor 
of this care such a vista of vicissitudes, such n mnrvel of 
achievement stretches out as must a mitre all who attempt to 
scan it. " Up then*,'' says the superliueodcnt, pointing to 
the ravine. " U the grave uf one uf Sturt's followers. But 
the name is gone from lb* atone-. '* One bright star WSS 
shining over the place, us if in immortal guard over the for 
gotten pilgrim. 

IN THE DBY SEASON. 

A traveller draws near a station homestead. Ili* feeble 
horse pull* itself together for another effort, and whin rite- us 
from the homi-Mtud he secs a solitary brombie iu n paddock 
just ahead. At the right hau l Is’ a water tank— a grant 
hole dug in the ground— filled eighteen mouth* ago by rain 
Hundred* of sheep ho dead and dying round it, and thou 
sands stench the plains. The sheep have either died in 
reaching the tank, or, getting to It, Lave plunged iu. and hare 
then perished, too weak to get up Uir lank again Phal- 
anxes of so tod crows stand In fine upon the bank, a black and 
menacing Ixirricatle., and kite* ami magpies hover overhead. 

The traveller has pound empty wells, and lias shuddered 
ill the talcs told him in some sLutdo-rd* lint where be ‘ought 
slicker. lle Heal* the homestead; be dismounts, and enter* 
the garden, kept alive bv a woman'll hand till water ran low; 
then she foraook it suJly, this cme touch of her post now 
withered and dead Is tltnra no ot>u here? Is It, too. a 
►ccuo of tragedy, with human victims? No; and yet trage- 
dy, too. To n sharp " Coo-©-©,' there comes an unaaering 
cult, and the imumgr-r np|iears at the door, a bearded. gruET 
hut kindly soul, aud over Ills shoulder |H'era the face of a 
womnu. sad and drawn. The great exhaust pipe* of nature 
in that burning laud soun take tlie bloom from the cheek and 
the light from tire eye. A shake of the hand, a " my word" 
of aposlfopltlc welcome, and the traveller says, “ liow goes 
the unlucky game? ' 

With a swift sigh of relief and a sudden uplifting of tlie 
arms, came* llw: reply . • • The l»*l lamb Ls dead. Thank God, 
that'* off my mind'” And llreu lie said. " Come out and see 
bow things look. ” Outside he added " We were lust going 
to plant a Sundowner when you coo c-ed. Didn t want co 
any aaythteg about it before tin; nilsitis." Theu Ira told the 
uft repealed record of 11 wanderer creeping to the very thresh- 
old and safety, and then dying, his bund upon the gate of 
that little withered garden. 

Hr the grave they stand, the manager with a Bible in hi* 
hand, a Book rarely used by him, perhaps, but reverenced 
after bis fashion, and necetmury nun. lie wUhrs the trav- 
eller to "do it over the cold 'un.' but the traveller decline*. 
With coarse fingers blundering through the leaves in an ttu- 
certttiu kind of way. tbo manager began lo read at random 
from Ecclesiastes. A half dozen verse* gruffly full, and 
theu tlie words came. 


it tsboe, nd at the vexatton of hn bears, 
It heart tak- 


Then he closed the Book, and said : " Well, he was a goner 
afore ho was a comer, ami I don't know a* there* need to 
pilch a long yarn. He liadu't much for hi* labor uuder the 
sun, and n hot sun it U up here at IKK in thu shade lie 
came a long way over tbo country rock. He hadn't a drop 
in his water buttle, nor a bit of damper in lib swag, lin'd 
got his finger* on the slip rails, uud was within ounce of 
arlnk and tucker, when he went out sudden to lira Never 
never I -a ad, nnd wont It idotra. He couldu'l have hud much 
vanity, not with them feature*; but, toy word: the Lord 
know s all about that, I hope if he gets as near to the bunie. 
stead gutc up there as Ira did down her© last night, t bough 
he isn't very fit, one of lira baud* will see him tuid opeull. 
aud h-t him in. even if it 1 ms to lie on lira slv It wan nt 
night he got here, and in the morning we found him; it's at 
night we cover him, anil rest or no rrat. he'll not have lo 
work in the morning There but a place that * hotter tbun 
here, and Mm one ain't sent to lira' quod for punishment. 
Let him down cosy and slow. . . Drop in his ahiralee and 
water bug by hint. . That'* right (Scatter mine sandal leaves 
over bis face. Now so ripe in the country sand. . . . The 
dingoes can't touch him tirare. . What's that you've put on 
Hi.; hoard. Jim? * A Sundowner: Gone.' And God forgive 
hint wherever he's gone. . . . ’ In the midst of Ilf© we are in 
death Amwi," And another of several such tragedies 
that the traveller saw wo* bidden away, a uauraki* refuge© 
of misfortune lu a nameless grave. 

Aud now it is midnight, and the manager and lira traveller, 
with pipes aglow, nit anti blow nwav dark anticipation*. 
Before the wife IlsiI slipped away slra" had raid, in response 
to thu manager's doubt* of their being ablo to hold out for 


a week longer, to this announcement tlrat Kliady Jack's well 
was dune, »ml tbut the Frenchman'* tank was empty, ' Hope 
for tlie best ‘ And the manager, through a cloud of smoke, 
replied. "My 011th ! but the nest thing* never come off." 
To this tlie wife replied, " Yes. Dick; but lira worst things 
never eotue off.” Night after night this inun had walked 
this room, alternating ootween prayers and citnra*. a* each 
day's record was uuutber tli-iuxaLd sheep gone, another 
empty well, until at last he came to this apathetic endur- 
ance. lo Hi© grim courage of despair 

" I shouldn't rare so much, ' he »nid, "but then my wife, 
my gtrls-in there.” He drew bis sioev© roughly acroat Ills 
eyes, and bowed hi* brad on lira table. Fur ten minute* be 
wt there so. Then the traveller saw him raise his head, 
start. spring to liis feet, listen with strained inquiring eyes. 
Wliat was tbut? Something pinged on tit© currugaUtd 
roof above u*. " Rain' rain! rain!” he cried, as he rushed 
out-door*, aud fell on his knee*, with Ins haoiU stretched out 
toward the gathered sky. "Thauk God! thank God: 
Wife! girls! Mary] rainl " 

The floodgate* of the sky were opened, aud ©re morning 
came the traveller was belong to put up a dyke on one ride 
of the bouse. And lira march of destruettou wa» stayed. 


IN PLEASANT PLACES. 

“ Tliat cor goes to Paradis©,” said a lady to Principal 
Grant and myself in lira pretty street* of Adelaide. 

There was a touch of sublimity in lira pause that fol- 
lowed, aud llrau some one said: 

“Let us go. W© tuay never get another chance for three- 
pence." 

The Indy kastvued to remark that Puraduc wo* a suburb 
of Adelaide. Quickly grew tho thought of how modest 
Adelaide ho* beeu It hud never obtruded this thing upon 
the world. It lrad never claimed any special privilegas be- 
cause Paradise was within iu corporation. 

We were ready to fold our lent*, invent our threepence, 
and steal away. But we were nguin pleasantly told that this 
was but an imitation Paradise — an Adclaiditut Paradise. 
And going to Tasmania, to that quaint and antique laud of 
the south, the tram grand Called at intervals, after (mating 
Luke Tiberius. ’ ' Jericho " aud "Jerusalem. " But wo bound 
on our sandals for a lunger march. It uua u fait© alarm. 
The imitation Paradise which South Australia lias tried to 
nuikc Ih Ml so much lu lie dsiplied. It is iu part n brad of 
corn and oil and wine, and litis part is slowly but pcr-L;tentiy 
encroaching upou Ibe burre u luud where people a* vet " gam- 
ble with God. 

Hweet vineyard* hide away in the valleys, olive* cover tlie 
uplands, great tracts arc given up to wheat-growing, thecal- 
lie and sheep are utt many hills, aud the products arc kept 
within the primitive boundaries, tit© parauLsiacul aud patri- 
archal limits. As for the self sustenance of the South Aus- 
tralian farmer, let a South Australian manager of a splendid 
stock farm testify. He, pointing to a house as we drove 
through an Arcadian dhltict. Mid : " If you go in there you 
will find Chicago canned incut*. California canned fruits. 
New England dried applt*. and Michigan bscuo." It is a 
touch of lira sun lhat make* the difference lat wren the fit liner 
of the northern hemisphere and of the southern hemlrpltcn;. 

Bat with wliat joy do we leave that hitler core of the land 
over which we have wandered, to raise the eyes on this so 
sweet, *0 goodly an expanse. No longer the ’ dumb de- 
spondent plain heaped with jawbones Of a people." but he- 
uignunt hills of glowing verdancy and gracious valleys, w ith 
uuiuherkwa lender ©roves. Down there, iu wfaul might be 
the happy valley* of tile Vision «t Mir/a, stand, straight and 
tall, lira cv prase, the oak, the gray poplar, the »ugur gum, the 
tamarisk ."the walnut, the Cyprus and lit© Aleppo pine, the 
cwlnlpa, the sycamore uud the while acacia, the lofty Bholan 
pine, the fame-tree, nnd the laburnum, nnd the pint© Is called 
llundsleer. Twelve year* ago it w as a waste, arid and unin- 
teresting. That It lias a hint of Paradis© about It la because 
it is u Forest Conservation Reserve. It in oue of a large uunt ■ 
her of such reserves, in which, since 1878 , Irave been grown 
IG.tMKi.t'CN) of tree* by planting and bv natural regeneration, 
and what wua once k> dreary a vista Is now a laughing land. 

In Australia n forest of sugur-gutns will grow in ten yean, 
hut this la only 11 few hundreds of miles front the coast, in a 
region adapted for agriculture, and with a rainfall regular 
enough to make fanning possible. On Hits great hem ur Hi© 
garment of $>oulh Australia the earth liliaiomi indeed. A 
summer laud glowing always, always bright, and baviug the 
feeling of southern Californio, and In winter of southern 
France; but unlike France, here no women or children work 
in tbe fields nor aid in the culture of the olive or the gran©— 
not in this democratic land. Th*y ail at the dixira where 
the ruulga throw* its doubtful shade, or go the little round 
of household duties, but the juice of the grape and tbe oil 
of the qUt« Is Barer upon tbeir hands, save when they 
are German women ; then the case la different. And yet pov- 
erty uud dtttrme stand far off from this people. They pros- 
per in the midst of the corn and the oil and the wine. 

CArutmae l)<ty •>« My Enoteu Hirer. We at© u hi ore of 
roil©* from where New South Wales uud Victoria join. All 
day lira thermometer tegiett r> 10 O 3 in the *lta<le. hut il i* moon 
light now. A yellow harvest-moon gleaming upon a prospect 
of puatorul prosperity. There l* the cry of tire curlew iu lit© 
willows, tire challenge of the laughing jocknas in tlie golden 
wattles, the rustle of the iguana lu the ferns, aud the cease- 
less clack of tho cricket*. Orion stands in silver majesty 
where the tun takes reil at noon, and the Southern Cruse 
wheel? on lb*: horizon's edge. To right, to left, iu front, n* 
one fit ora the easl, nrc lira Lome* of plcuty. Turn rouod. 
Look westward. A ions* of gloom meets one. Raise the 
bead. Keo the white helmet poised between earth aiwi hea- 
ven! That 1 * the peak of Mount Esadukos that i* Austra- 
lia's one mrainUin. Fur on nit U1.1t continent a man can 
rise hut 7000 feet, aud there he must pause. Solitary is tbl* 
mountain among Australian hills. It i* the thitfeM. aud it 
»taud* alone. None other would reach to its shoulders. It 
onl v gleams in a ©careless snow. 

il u morning on Mount Xittdiuka. The traveller stands In 
the midst of the monarch's snowy bowldera. Now turn 
round the circle uf the huii/.on. EoBt, treat, BOTtk, uud 
south is a region of growth and plenty. Due scant great 
pUleuu* where cuttle feed; OM look* BDOB a laud MW* 
agriculture mid pastoral purauiis aud dairying fallen to 
success. This region in the east knows nothing of thu tribu- 


3H 




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VIEWS OF SYDNEY, AUSTKA 

The I’otl Office ami fleorje Street. 2. South Head. 8. Butler Stairs. 4. Circular Quay ami Mort’s Wool-House. 9. Sydney, from North Shore. C. Tram 


iKIY, mt " 1 ' a - >*»i. 



V" C'UABLUS (_« ICA II AM KUOM I’lK/KHiKAI'IW. 

LloBtlj (from tl,« Pmntme l>T I". B. SchHI, »l N^linnal O-IWv). 8. BoUnirol 0«*»« 9 T™,, Hull- 


10. Botany TToiuIs. 11. Argj'lc Cut. 

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HARPER’S WEEKLY 


SUPPLEMENT. 


316 


1 allow of tbr centre and of the west. !l 1* in that plllnu 
of rainfall, of rinw, and of fertility Hint run* tw o thirds 
round die continent. t( lra» a robust and generous life, a 
sturdy and upstanding people. Tbr breath of a mountain 
pw**e» over it. tlx? wealth of rivers paw?* through it. 

U \*n i \tinUr ou'd-Arg «H Ihr Suutrg Hirtr. And non it is 
in reality a non rfnr, aad lUa in u HMWV land. Far a* 
the eye can are )«a plain of snow, Kiamlm and Coonia, 
Hi p;* and llomtmlu, and all the country tliu'. )Im bStWHIi 
might Ijt not Australis, Iwtt Ontario OT Minnesota. Down 
Hie lulls at Kiumiru men glide nillt tbr loug wooden MOW 
shoes of Lapland. Village* are snowed up, and far over 
in Hie west in the Ginpeiaad district roods an* iinpoarable. 
And tbn b " tbr Lund of lire Iiurnlng PUins"! 

/(. HtJoinl, Again »t stand upon a mountain- lop. Wc 
■■nil lookout tow aid that other mountain. Hie Hellendcn-Kcr, 
Hiiidi guards Uie nortlwmt of tire eon (J nml. as Mount Ko* 
ciiuko guards the mutbeuat. Yet only fiSOO feet up rises 
tliu Hellcudcn-Ker We stand at (lie entrance to tlie Barron 
Gorge, one of the most beautiful CftlkMM in the world, 
pout llmii-und fil l U-lnw its tbr Harrow itiver brawls over 
it* rocky brd; nml Siam feel down a mllwar line hangs on 
a shelf of the mountainside, An on pi nr toils up the sleep, 
n cassowary crosses its path, a paradise- bird flutter* grace- 
fully down through tin: ticacin cedars, and a lonely hunter 
sils on the river-bank wailing fur u crocodile U> lift fits head 
up in the oozy marge. Slow stream* wind away through 
jungle fastnckscs, Mack snakes steal through the hum boo 
coverts, am! the engineer of one nf the railway wonders of tbe 
world, astride his liorsr on Ited Bluff. acroM the gorge, scans 
the belt of steel tliat, with Iw startlingly »li*rp curvet*, binds 
a luxurious coast in a noble tabic land of limber and pastu- 
rage and u prosperous mineral country. 

At our feet, between us and tbe placid aeu, where the 
('oral Harrier, twelve mile* out, draws a lino of white foam, 
like a cre»t. upon its bulwarks, then.* lie plantations of sugar 
and btaonn.li, lawny fle>d« of nee. and farms of tobacco and 
sivicos — all in llu ir infancy, hut on tbe wuve of increase. 
This i» tropical Australia, where the Chinaman and tire Poly- 
m-dan have made progress possible, but where henceforth 
(so says the law of Queensland) the Chinaman and the 
P o lyuri U no more shall I*- Ami iu that lies a problnm. 
Three eighths of Australia U tropical straight arrow Its up- 
per }H>itioTi. and straight aero*.* it, so fur, the hard pionorr 
work bus been done largely by tbera alien races, while the 
couuuercial interest* have been directed by the white man. 

There hides away, in a covert of passion vines, a China- 
man's tillage. You sec, with its hark roof, and water bag 
tit ibc door, a selector's cabin: beyond, with lla detached 
building*, in a kind of court-yard, sumix a planters linmo- 
stead, embowered iu palm* and rroloti and paptw a ml llariie 
tires; and on tbe o|wtl shore a bore, white. moist, tropica) 
town kit* in its exhausting heat. And ns you turn round to 
go down the nw'intyin side to wt-k the Barron Falls, a mule 
tram, loaded with tin from llcrbrrton, creeps by you to tbe 
coast. 

A journry through a gorge nine miles king; past leafy, 
sensuous grove* where the blue orchid gleams; part camps 
of navvio* , put workmen hanging by rapes to a sirecr inouii 
tain wall, mid laboring there: put poluiulca of fig tree* 
wImmo mighty roots strike out from the boles and strike 
down into tbe earth, great butue****, like wing* for a ma- 
jestic stage in a forest of Arden, past inflon, bridge and 
hill tavern— and there are rite Barron Fall*, a series of vnst 
catmU*, leaping a thousand feel to the river bed below. 

i.irit »J» a sriani* ktatiox. 

I desire the renders of thl* jmtrer to tbiuk they are with 
ine now *in a sheep station in the far west of New South 
Wide*. I might choose a stalion uli the Darling or Fltffoy 
Downs in Quccriklnnd. on the Murchison Hivrr in West 
Australia, on the Daly Hivrr in the Port Darwin District. or 
<m the Murray River in Victoria: but tbr one to which we 
are to Iw in mod intely transported is complete and Well man 
iupd.abd might be couM.bred Mb a type and a standard. 
It* owner i* sueccmful. lie is u mau of force, activity, anti 
general knowledge, lie is also hospitnldc to a degree. It 
might !*• said in this connection Hint everybody is liiMpilnblti 
in tbe heart of Australia It i* only the nature of Hu- k ind- 
ue-. that differs. We might tlivitle the hospitality a* we 
divide the neople. There i* the cation owner, or lease- 
holder. who live* on bis run in good season and in had, willi 
hi- wife and children and children'* children round him; 
the manager, who represents u company nml has less real 
n -puu'ibdny ami cut* a notch lower in the wicial scale, 
the Imcltelnr or m-i of lsicbelora of good birth uud breeding, 
who dis|e use their kind ik*« wirlioul conventionality, mid 
always with good liquor; and there is the owner, whose 
family lives iu (be metropolis while In- divide* bis time Ihi- 
twean Hu- Mutton md the • itj . According to l heir mtlunlg 
of living, the views of tlie*e occupant* of tbe “homo *ta- 
lion." a* the chief liouw on the run is railed, develop. The 
first has nil his bouaehold gods bcswlo bim; and nil hi* brain*, 
his labor, hi* money, are Invested iu the spot where are hi* 
houarlinUl gods. It" is therefore natural that h*- should make 
Ids uienuye more and more complete, and tint bid views 
should filter through a moderately steady atmosphere The 
tiiAonger come* next, He • -sits down," us the iihoriginal says, 
nlvi with the thought of having a home; but be will not 
spend much money on other people's property, and so lie 
must depend n:i iho generosity nud ease of toe company. 
Tin- company, like a central government, cannot well ;ul 
minister in detail, and so the great company '* homestead Ma- 
rion is generally lc** complete titan that ur llie resident uud 
well tn-iio owner. The feeling of the hint two Is. as a rule, 
to get out of tbe country as ‘••on as they have had a few 
good seam in*, and can sell to advantage their Interest, their 
slock, aud their linprorement*. Hod Urey tbe same tics and 
daily surrounding*. they might tiixl, even in Hie Isolation to 
which they are to nmeb committed, a sense of |ieTinniiency. 
and therefore a feeling of home. The -rations near tbe ewMt 
and along the railway line* come chiefly under the category 
of the first and list divisions. Hut the -ration to which I 
would transport Hie curious i* four ilava' hard trawl from a 
railway line. II, lid travel ill Australia means one hundred 
mill's a day, aud often enough without a •-lunge of hone*. 

W«i nre then at Wallnraoua. One big central bouse of 
stone umi bungalow make stand* in (lie centre of a large 
jKiddoek Windows open to the floor*, a water bag and tin 
cup ever bang- In the shade of the voraudu. nnd on a table 
In the >amc shade lie the roUmial weekly newspapers — a 
great institution— and psrtmp* one of tho lutest English or 
Amerinin magazine*. The sun is selling behind u copper- 
i i. lured mountain— behind a mountain w In-re many n poor 
clisp enroe a cropper at mining—utid at oar feel almost there 
wxdu-s a Lake of ounservei) water, the result of a great rain- 
fall of a few- days before There* is a boat on the lake, and 
wild ducks and pelicans hover near. 

*' If you've got your throat clear,' said Cawdor, the ow ner. 


who had £00.900 invited in tire Improvements of tire run— 
that is, buildings, well*, tanks, etc. — "we'll go and have a 
look round before dinner. The lad it* are iu Ike school 
house." 

Du tire way over to Uie schotd house vre hud it run through 
the laundry and the kitchen, which in all Australian coun- 
try house* 'are- detached from lire living house. Tire school- 
house was part clan-room, port n-w lug room. The clnaa- 
roont wu used for service ou Mundnys, when Candor, under 
the persuasion of hi* wife, read the prayer*, and supple- 
mented them with a sermon from some austere divine. A 
permanent drew - milker was employed, who also, with nu 
as'islaul, did tire lighter tailoring. A ml Iren- with her daugh- 
ter* and Irer daughter in law. tbe wife of Cawdor’s eldest, 
was Mr*. Cawdnr engaged. Hard by were the sou's house 
and the house of a mauled daughter. After introductions, 
Mrs. Cawdor askisl me if I had had lunch. 

“ Yes; chop* cooked tu tbe open, and a bit of daintier at 
Wild Hub's Well, 'I replied 
“ Was Mr. Pllzpurrkk there?" raid Mrs. Cawdor. 

■•He was.' 

Mr*. Cawdor sighed. So did one of lire daughter*. 

1 continued: "A trouper aud black tracker were there 
also," 

" Hunting Hint villain Blake, who picket! the eye* of Mac- 
allisU i s lurid for his selection, and after cutting poor Mac 
out of the use of hi* tanks, stole b» stock, ' raid Cawdor. 
"Uh. those homestead leases!" added Miss Cawdor. 

"They ruined poor Mr Pitxg*rrick."*aid her mother, 

•' Let me state this question, to see if 1 understand it aright, 
Cawdor," I said. "Tire government threw open this great 
Wert to selection, men came in with a small handful of cash 
on run* where you and other* hod spent score* of thousand* 
of pound*. picked out the best simiIs on your leasehold, and 
brgnn to depasture) five of ten thousand sheep, cutting you 
out of your improvement* sometimes. They went under at 
the first flush of drought, and of coarse were rained, afler 
having seriously interfered with you, and done nothing to 
advance tire settlement of tire country." 

■" Ye*, that i* about it." mid Cawdor, 

And since Cawdor and 1 talked together, the government 
of New South Wales has concluded that beyond the river 
Darling there shall Lie no more homestead leaning. And so 
we me Hie interior of Australia a people U**, Iw. un law coun- 
try, That U. one might travel for days anil weeks, and nev- 
er heboid a sign of habitation or human life. Great sheep 
runt are there and large tutaldUbureui*. but Urey are nun 
in » desert which support* otic sheep to eight or ten acres. 

While we rat then* u rauvenlioiit tame to the door. 
"Mountain Jim* back," he raid. Tlrere was no "sir "in 
the remark of thi* lowest of iluliou hand* to his master. 

Where i» hef' 

" Gone tu have a coil (sleep]. '* 

“IIow is Mad Nancy? 

"That * the broinbie [a Irene like a broncho] that Moun- 
tain Jim bail." raid Mr*. Cawdor, in explanaiioti. 

•’ Right as rain," was Hie reply. 

Whatever a Ittubman may do’io h inreelf. be looks after his 
hone, I hough, indeed, it need* little care, aud ha* marvellous 
powm of survival. 

The rourenlKiut continued; “He'll need a new outfit. 
Itag* hit* it now. " 

" Let u* go down to the sturv," said Cawdor 
Tire *lnn- wa« like an American country siren, where any 
thing useful iu soft gmxl* or wearing apparel, groceries or 
ironmongery, could Is- hod. Picking out tire hugest suit id 
clot Lies in the place for Mouulain Jim, Cawdor haudnl tlrern 
to the rouaeabout. 

" l.et me sen Mountnin Jim." Kahl I. 

Tlrere lie lay on the floor of the barracks. From lire walls 
tbe fuces of innocent children and sweet fared women— pic- 
ture* dipped from EnglMi and illustrated pajrers— Looked 
down at n swarthy, buggnnl.dmnkt-u giant. 

"Been knocking down his check over nt the One Tree 
TaVern," said Cawdor. " Wlrnt did it cover? Half ayrars 
Wages— fifty p<iunds." 

" Let me wv if I have got this matter clearly, " I raid, for 
I too had irebehl acene* like this iu many places in Australia. 
"Tire »taliori hand lives n life of comjmrative ImntUiii.eot 
and aUvnce from tlioK- of his own rank wuinen especially, 
with win mi he can associate. He work* fur six months or a 
veur a* shejdierd. boundary rii.hr. or what Dot. then draws 
iris check for his wages, gets leuve. and goes to the nearest 
townslilp to ’knock It down,' His views of life, his pbil- 
uwiphv. Iris religion, his nutt merum, an- found iu Adnm Lind- 
say Gordon's poem* of the hush : of riding, of rccklt«s living, 
cif rutnuutic |irs*iraism and stoic endurance. Tire pnoimiMit 
ha*, in fact, min lied all mon- or lera who lire Iu the heart of 
Australia. It iiegan by n dUhellef in nnturc, la-causc it played 
such ghostly trick* ; it followed with disbelief in government, 
because it refused to sec that lire eoinitry eould not lie legis- 
lated for after the manner of the coit*t land it grew to di*U-- 
lief in I Im- parson, who was m> seldom seen, ami it ewme at 
last In a lire** of faith in Providence " 

"That is pulling it hluutlv, hut it comes near the truth.'' 
said Cawdor, “if you mean a kind of disbelief that doesn't 
nee the ;,***/, vi« of Prov idrncr." 

" Yes; 'hat. together with « view of fife which make* men 
victims of something or other, aud this you surround wiUl a 
kind of (mi In is borrowed from tin nreluudioly landscape 
itlre.ii if you— and your ni de mmiui." 

" You ti» much for a new chum." raid Ckwdor. " If 
we're a bit pcatimixiir. we figid all lire suin' " 

"You who have large iulereoD da But what about 
Mountain Jim's class?" 

" Well. It’s not a pleasant subject- Let u* talk alvuit irri- 
gation or water conservation or local gnrenunent," be con- 
tinued. 

“ Tliat i* exactly what I winlictl. Hut before wc do that, 
tell me Muuiilniil 3 1 lii'B hit-lory. " 

" It’s an ohl story enough Like many another. Ire took 
up a selection, marrlttl, and brought his wife and two chil- 
dren upnu it. Selections may la- all right iu tlreenast coun- 
try. wlreie there'* raiufall awl leas suit, but they an? no good 
in l hr buck block*. What ni» a man do w ith water and no 
grara. or grass and no water? ll's twi hot and hard to farm 
it. and there's no one to liuv, no market, if Ire could. Hr 
keep* a few cattle of his own, or ronre one el*r's; his chil- 
dren grow up round bim without a bit of schooling, and with 
no ideas but horses ami cattle. These they know all kinds 
Sometimes the whole lot of them go wrong, with the " pub*" 
or worse. That was the aotirre ">f hush ranger* as often an 
not in tire old day*. Iho tkrilM bapatemMiM of the Ufa. 
Mounlsin Jim Went through all but the bush-ranging. Ills 
wife died from hardship and lire host ; hi* only boy was lost 
in the- Never OOBK back S-ruh, and hero 1,, is 
When wc returned to the house we had still an hour with 
the ladies before we went to bed. IIow better dial] we Conte 
to luaru of Use graces Uiat unround life among the squatters 


than by being told that tire hour was spent in listening to 
the music «l Mendelssohn, Chopin, and S&huraanD. tbe wags 
of Livzt uud Piututi. Iu this isolated borne of the west 
seeb refined priK-tir-r* m-ciiks! quite iu place, These profile 
lived their life within themvelve*; the owner, with bit hisik- 
keeper, riding over his place to look at ii well, a tank a 
whim, a Mct'omaa lift, a mob of sheep or cattle, or perhaps 
to watch tbo breaking in of a bone; tbe mother to superin- 
tend the management of the many deporlments of her house- 
hold, nsaisled by Irer daughlers, who. however, every day, 
might also be seen riding through lire bush or over the plains, 
silling their horse* ns mure but an Australian girl can Tire 
girl of tbe bush biu grown into Hie saddle; she is in it every 
day of lire veur; she has ridden a hundred mile* to n dance 
nr to sec u kangaroo lailtire, ami no horse ran throw brr, no 
dancer break her nerve. Sire has not the color and warm 
Ireuuty of the English girl ; not the simplicity amf piquancy of 
the I'aiidutlan girl; not the tertr, ilcflucs* of mind, and wit of 
thi- Anrerican girl , hut sire has a lithenrs* nf laxly nml mind 
and a breety dmcUica* quite her own. t'lre love* Australia, 
hut Hint dues not prevent her longing for tire sweets of May- 
fair. and the crowded pleWMMUS of fh-lgravia. She is never 
quite happy till she ha* I veil to EngUml. yet *hr lias been 
known to be happy without innrrymg an Englishman. 

It might, however. Ire raid that the custom i* growing for 
Euglisli gentleinen uf varying degree to took upon Australia 
a* lirey have been ncciMtnmcd in look upon America; mid 
they hare proved this hv carrying tu their English homes 
Australian bride* who keep Iniik arruuni* of Ureir own. 

From Uauilur and Cawdor’s eldest. Uregatm, the Uxik- 
kecjicr, and Priile. tire planter, we can retort the real Aus- 
tralian. He who is West of the Su'd Irelougs lo the interior. 
In tiro rilii 1 * N much EmM| iiitlii»ncv- i* working tliHt we 
do not catch the west dislriet outlines of Uie Australian. 
Hut where lire influences of climate, soil, and natural move- 
ment are nt work without the cities, there we get the sharp 
contour of n century of Australian growth. Wlrelher the 
rural resident is an Englishman or an Australian by birtb, 
by tire time Ire live* ten yoara In tbe country Ire Incomes an 
Australian, a* distinct from every other nationality. The 
lioliman gain* direetion and lliduvltlal eunfideuce; the 
Hcotsman ndaptahilitv awl warmth; the Englishman leaves 
off hi* insularity uud puts ou elasticity, ami the Australian 
U slowly evolved 

Although Au*iralis has a north nnd n south not as [wo 
Bounced n.* the United State* had. yet dislincl. there t* little 
radical difference in character. There are not iu Australia 
great rxtrenre* nf clitmitc- Difference are iociiiental, not 
uliB'.dule. The uotIIm-iii mini has a trifle more of freedom 
of speech and action than Ire of the umth province*. He 
has more fire ami dash. The mjiiUi living colder, tends to 
more sturdiness and reserve, yet it is but a variation in the 
type, nut an niilikrtirs*. Tire method* of living iu the uortli 
nnd south differ Hlightly In this there must be excluded 
the high (able lauds in lire centre of Queensland, where life 
i* much the same as it is in New South Wale*. Victoria, or 
Australia. The const is tropical, and tbe people have learn- 
ed to live ns they do In Italta— with regard to the climate in 
dram and building. That is not so iu Sydney or Melbourne, 
where, with tire thermometer at SV Fahr . the business man, 
anil Dearly every oilier man, goes Its his office ilia black frock- 
coat and "block -ilk hat. 

The most delightful thing in tbe life of northern Aus- 
tralia Is it* muu *<iiv<x' appearance. ExUieutc 1» literally out- 
doors, and people live ns if burglars weir unknown f have 
ridden p*u houses in lire early morning, and have seen lire 
verandas littered with bonks, brie-fi lirsr, walking sticks, 
hats, (ami's, awl oHier article*, and tire doors wide open. 
Nighl aficr night thing* are left ao, and they nre not stoieii. 

Skaling S* punidml in Queen-land with tire greatest ritof. 
A man might be guilty of ntanslaughtcr, uud vsnd in belter 
oilur with lire- miHioriite* tll.vli 1 1re- thief. 1 have ridden lo a 
plnnlation late at night, turned my horse into tire horse 
pwklock, entered the house, struck a match, found a sofa- 
lay down, nod awoke in the morning to find life bustling 
afmsit lire, my Ireeakfatt rosily, and I an utter stranger! 

Such is lire freedom of the life. I wa» n traveller I sup- 
pose I did not look like a vagabond: they appreciated rite 
desire on my part In rod disturb llreir rest, and lirey apolo- 
gized for tire liatdnea* of tire sofa! 

Kverv pWntcr lins not merely one room in Ilia house 
which la enlled the strangers' room. several, and they 
are seldom empty. In lire daT* that I visited Fride. lire 
planter, there were six guests Deride* myself there. Itnu- 
giue a house through which lire warm nir will blow from »hle 
to side and from end to end. w hli a group of building* n» 
tlormiloiie* at tbe h-fl, awl uuotlier go. up a* kitchens nnd 
More* at tire right: and graced with nil the comfort* and 
with little of tire cunvc-ulinual stiffness of nu-liopoliUn life; 
which lia* dignity wit lx ait allow, and rlegauee wiihuai hea- 
viness; and you have the planter's home. 

Put r ewe 8 anil lanilxe-, uk-aiidere and ewmelll.ei. linre* nnd 
orange*. Imirwtinus nnd jasmine, pineapple and hongaiovil- 
lia, the glorious paw |aiw and granadilla. a tenuis-court, and 
jx-rbupo un olxrervnlory. nml you have a planter's garden. 
Then put inside lire bouse and garden a lie -till hv generosity, 
a gn at self reliant c, a mind given lo insisting 1-luntly on lfi« 
wisdom of its connections, a hand ready to pour you out u 
gin's of sherry or indite a philippic against u government ur 
fiir Samuel Griffith, who has Opposed J'oly neuan labor, and 
that is Fride. the planter. 

What you find of lightness and comfort In the house of 
Pride, the planter, you And in degree in all tire north. Or- 
der and cleanliness reign You may miw at lime* verdure 
and foliage, but never tbn!. Village* ami town* are swept 
ami ganu-lied nnd Hie people Jove flow era. Ami go straight 
arm** the continent to Perth, Albany, York, or Geraldion, 
and tire -niue thing may he round. 

You will nl*o find coupled with llii* energy relf confldettce, 
frediuen*. aggressive a»-? fthm. and genrvoua warmth. He- 
eauie these have always liern d.fllciil; qiie-tion- lo face, be- 
cwu-e UtieX |Ktled rtrcumslnnces have called for immediate 
action, bccairtO developme nt ha- coma by leap* and bound*, 
nml Iseenum- there have been struggles la-tween tins* and 
class, there ha* lawn produced an u|»tanding race of men, 
inucible.yet hospitable, strenuoiu ami stalwart, yet not ro- 
hu-tlous; expholve. yet not iroublexmre; utiouuptumlring, 
yet gcneniiu. That is the true Australian. Tire rough j».-r- 
blhlcDeyaml sclflslioeraof Hi-iradt«-union*are not Auhtrallan. 
It i- Kng1i»h, with a senre of freedom la>rroweU from easier 
condltiouB of life, and a knowkslge of Dower guln-'l from 
tire mnu perihvu« forms of Amerinin nrwl Kngli'h cxUlcticr. 
It Is engrafted AuMrnlU— Auslralto In the cities— that Is 
ultra democratic. Australia itself move* in ample osier lion, 
hut it hatal'o sound sentiment nr patriotism. It- natural 
tendenry is toward Irero-wortliip. but tire faculty ha* not 
scope, for w ant of heroes. No great eri-is has draw u the col- 
onics togctlrer, an>l of lute years but i ) w of the here men 
have gone into public life. 





FIELD MARSHAL VON MOLTKE — Diuwn from Lim ar C. S. Rkhchaht — (Su Pack Mfl.) 


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318 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV so, ivy 


No. 1703. 

Harper’s Weekly, 

VlTII COVER. AND SCTPIJCUKXT COM A INI. VO 
TKR THIRD (IXCirritATKO I* A IKK ON •tWKI 

or acsthali an un. 

TWW: 10 OtJW A 'Ori.-IIM A Util, IN A0TANCIC. 

lurry iffiiu filA om.v Asm to* 


THE PRESIDENT’S TOm 

I ^FTE President'* tour is interesting for many mi 
sons, and imoilf them is the cordial respect with 
which he lias been received by those who have no 
sympathy with the party tone and local policy which 
lie represents. This is. indeed, the respect shown by 
American citizen* to their Chief Magistrate, but it 
has not been meiely formal. There has been evi- 
dently a great deni of interest in his speeches, anil an 
obvious desire to show that the patriotism of the for- 
mer disaffected Stales is us sincere as that of any part 
of the Union. This could not have been expressed 
mote emphatically than by the welcome offered to a 
President who, as a partisan, is in sympathy with the 
extreme section of his party. The President, on hia 
side, has made no less excellent an impression. The 
variety, the aptness, and the skill of his speeches have 
been very striking. It is easy for a public mail un- 
der such circumstance* to fall into blunders which 
seem more important than they arc. But thus far 
as we write no such slips have been made, and the 
manner in which the President has indicated his own 
views without needless jarring with the viewa of tlie 
committee* that lie addresses is admirable. 

But the beat thing of all is the tone in which lie 
has spoken. It is a tone of res|iect nod courtesy for 
the opinions of fellow-ciliieus who differ. He knows 
that liis auditors, for evident reason*, ure traditional 
ly deeply hostile to the Republican party ; that they 
regard the election* hill as a party scheme to control 
elections; and (lull they arc the supporters of a tariff 
for revenue rather than for protection : and he knows 
that they know him to lie a high protectionist, an ad- 
vocate of the elections bill, ami a Republican of the 
type which is least agreeable to their views. Yet the 
President's tone has been friendly and respectful. 
At Galveston lie advocated marine subsidies, but 
without acrimony, and with the distinct statement 
that for all who diseeuted he ltsd the must. ri-*|>ei-tful 
tolerance, It was the longest speech he had deliv- 
ered, and it was the most applauded. I is influence 
without regard to its views cannot fail to be happy, 
for, with all the other addresses, it will have shown 
the people who heard it that there may lie radical 
difference* of opinion without personal animosity, 
The President has certainly shown in this tour a 
just sense of the conduct that becomes his oilier. In 
so doing he 1ms unquestionably helped his party 
The dull prejudice which party opponents always 
feel for each other is softened and removed by per- 
sonal intercourse The great political mistake of the 
Republicans has been tlmt they have suffered carpet- 
baggers and the mere camp-follower* of party to rep 
resent Republicanism to the citizens of the Southern 
States. Such representation follow ing the remits of 
a civil war was certain to array the general intelli- 
gence of those States against the party. But the 
President, following the line of the new Southern 
manufacture* and industries which dispose the South 
ern mind toward protection, and speaking in the 
moat friendly mid considerate maimer of differences 
of opinion, assuming at the same time ihe cordiality 
of Southern feeling for the Union, pursues a skilful 
plan both for the country and for his party. The 
spirit which he displays oil hi* own part, and discloses 
upon that of the community through which lie posses, 
i* that of patriotism and good will, and ap|Ntrently 
tire country will have good reason to congratulate the 
President and itself upon his tour. 

SECRETARY TRACY AND THE 
NAVY YARDS. 

Secretary Tracy has not delayed the good work 
of carrying into effect the scheme of reform in the 
navy-yards which lie announced in Boston. He has 
directed that all the foremauships in the Brooklyn 
yard shall be vacated on the 1st of May, to lie 
tilled by an examination of litneas open to all proper- 
ly authenticated applicants. The Secretary holds that 
tlie present incumbents who are qualified and who 
have experience will easily take precedence of other 
applicants in an examination. a hile those who are not 
qualified ought, in the interests of the public nervier, 
to give way for those who are. This question is not 
a new one in the annals of reform, (hie of the lirst 
objections raised against the reformed system was 
that it would derange the rulirr public service by re- 
placing all incumbents with inexperienced substi- 
tute*. who might lie able In puna un examination, but 
who knew nothing of the duties of the place. 

This general change, however, was neither contem- 
plated uor attempted. There were several reasons for 


this course. It was impossible to introduce ouch a 
reform simultaneously in every branch of the service 
to which it might lie applicable. No machinery for 
a universal examination could iw improvised, and ns 
a matter of expediency il was better that the liegin- 
ning of a system entirely new and with which the 
public mind wits wholly unfamiliar should be tenta- 
tive and limited. The law therefore wisely limited 
the application of the reformed system to u few cus- 
tom-houses and post-offices. The experiment could 
be readily tried under such conditions. There would 
be no panic in the service, and no ground of distrust 
of ton sweeping a change in the public mind, and a 
certain imperfection of details of method which was 
justly to Is* expected would not condemn the whole 
system as impracticable. There was another impor- 
tant consideration. Tlie object of the reform was to 
secure fitness in a manner which excluded personal 
and political favoritism. If, therefore, there were fit 
officers who had been appointed by favoritism, but 
who were diligent, honest, and efficient, and not “ob- 
noxious partisans." why should they be dismissed I 
Then* was no good reason, provided that the fact 
could he established. But such a plan necessarily 
committed to the superior officer the responsibility nf 
deciding upon the fitness of hi* subordinates. It gave 
him the practical power of dismissal. But it implied 
that he would exeieise the power solely for tlie bene- 
fit of tlie service. In a system, however, which was 
universally one of favoritism and not of merit, and 
which was the accepted tradition of the country, the 
impartial exercise of the power of removal could not 
be expected. As u rule it was not so exercised, and 
now that this fact lias been demonstrated, and the 
whole subject is familiar to the public mind, and re- 
form is approved and demanded by the best intelli- 
gence of the country. Secretary Tracy pursue* the 
course which is certain to accomplish the end that he 
seek*. His order vacate* places some of which doubt- 
less an* filled by unfit incumbents who would not 
vacate except for liis order. It is the proper course 
to take, but it would be taken only by a courageous 
public man. The feeling of those who hold the pub- 
lic service to l>e party plunder and not a public trust 
is shown by tlie refusal of the Republican Committee 
in Brooklyn to adopt a resolution of approval of tlie 
Secretary’s action. The chairman nf the committee 
and many mcmliers undoubtedly approve it. But the 
“boys.” of whom all party committee* stand in awe. 
are hostile. It is refreshing to see the Secretary's un- 
shrinking baud of reform laid upon the nary yards. 

OBSTRUCTION IN THE NEW YORK 
LEGISLATURE. 

The action of the Legislature of New York is ar- 
rested, us it approaches the close of the session, by a 
dead-lock in tlie Senate produced by u bill proposing 
to investigate the expenditures of the Canal Depart- 
ment. This seems, upon the mere statement, to be a 
very projier bill, whether the inquiry be proponed lie- 
rnuse of suspected or alleged fraud or extravagance, 
or from the desire to know whether the public money 
is wisely spent, and if the methods pursued m the 
Canal Department are economical and effective. But 
these are public reasons, and it is now tlie general 
understanding that such inquiries are instituted 
mainly for party advantage, mid that the plausible 
public plea is a mere aublerfuge. Thus the present 
inquiry is not aup|x»*ed U> la* proposed because of 
cliavges of fraud nr extravagance, but for the pur- 
pose, as the revolutions say. “of ascertaining if the 
caauls can be more economically maintained and im- 
proved. and if more revenue* can he obtained by the 
State from tin* said nceii|«aney and use of said lands 
and property." Every branch of the State business 
might la* investigated for the same purpose, ami very 
wisely, if the investigation were made with tlie single 
purjHMe of ascertaining the facta, and in a manner 
which showed that purpose and the probability of its 

accomplishment. 

But in the present instance the investigation U 
proposed to be conducted by a party legislative com- 
mittee for the highly probable purpose of discover- 
ing something that may serve us “party capita! " iu 
the State election of next autumn and the national 
election of next year. The opposition party, there- 
fore, which in this case is tin* Democratic, is, as we 
write, refusing to allow legislation to proceed, by 
preventing the passage of the resolution ordering the 
inquiry. But such a course may be pursued much 
too far. The party that insists upon investigation 
impose* a serious expense upon the State, and mile** 
it discovers something which justifies such expense 
I" the common sense of the State, it will be held to 
the responsibility and the penalty by tlie shrewd ora- 
tors ut the cross roods mid in the simp*, where all 
elections are really decider). Beside*, if such inquiry 
he regarded a* a mere party game, which is highly 
probable, the Republican Senate can be offset by the 
Democratic Assembly, which may order an invent! 
galion in some other department, and between the 
two the peopie of the State may be able to strike a 
balance of the comparative trustworthiness and effi- 
ciency of the public management of the two parties. 
Moreover, the purty in power which obstructs and 


oppose* investigation arouse* suspicion just in the 
degree of tlie vigor nf ii* resistance. “If you u* 
honest,” i* the natural feeling, “show vour hand ' 
Tlie object may be partisan, but if you are all right 
tin* inquiry will recoil upuu llnme who make it. 

The real duties of the Slate Legislatures could 1* 
performed in a reasonably abort time. But tbe m- 
sions are devoted largely to games for party ad van 
tage. The aim is to put the other party "in a hole” : 
to show that all the extravagance and obstruction 
and bad legislation are due to the other side; “to 
make a record "on which an appeal may hr taken to 
the people at the polls. The apothegm of President 
HaYRk. that lie serves hi* party liest who serve* his 
country most, is equally true in the State. Tlie par 
ty that should secure the best legislation in a session 
would have the best record on which to appeal to the 
people. This year in New York, for instance, the 
Republicans could have pointed to the course of the 
Democratic Assembly on the liquor question as a 
good reason for refusing to tbe Democratic party 
next year the control of State legislation. But the 
Republicans, by permitting in the Senate the dams 
ging amendments to the ballot law, have imperilled 
their poailion as friends of the Australian system 
Should the amended bill be approved, it is the Repub 
lirans who must bear tbe responsibility, and no di 
version to discover Democratic extravagance in the 
Cana) Department will prevent the people from 
holding the party to its responsibility for tbe serious 
weakening of the law. 

TIIE BALLOT-LAW AMENDMENTS. 

It was very unfortunate that Senator Saxtox. in 
the New York Legislature, did not apprehend the 
full scope of the amendments to the ballot bill which 
were accepted by him and adopted by both Houses 
They embarrass so seriously all independent efforts 
at elections that if they had been designed to para- 
lyze such effort*, and to compel every voter to support 
one or another party machine, they would not have 
been different This fact has produced a very gen- 
eral impression that this waa tbe purpose of the 
amendment*, and that under pretence of correcting 
certain defect* which were disrlomd at the last elec- 
tion the bill bus been changed so as to strengthen 
the party machine*. Independent nominations are 
made for the purpose of regulating mere machine 
politics by defeating improper candidates. To do 
this tbe law permitted such nominations to be print 
ed upon the official party ballots, an tlwl a party man 
could vote either for his complete regular ticket, or 
for such a ticket with another individual nuine or 
names substituted. The amendments, however, re- 
quire independent nuine* to be printed on one ballot 
only. They authorize other candidates to refuse to 
allow their names to he printed with the independent 
names, and require so large a number of signature* 
for independent nominations as to make the nomina- 
tion of an independent ticket impracticable. 

Tlie only recourse of the independent voters, there- 
fore. would be the nomination of a complete ticket 
or the paster, at a large cost for printing and distribu- 
tion. Tilis would lie the practical failure of inde 
pendent roovomeuta. It is very remarkable that the 
sincere friends of the ballot bill did not perceive this 
necessary result of the amendments, or the inade 
quacy of the only plea made for the change. Thu 
plea was simply that such ticket* delayed the count. 
Such delay would he a good argument for the blank- 
et ballot, in which all names are printed together 
on one pa|>er, w ith the ]>arty character of candidate* 
properly indicated, but it i* not a reason for preveut 
itig inde|>eiideut voting. Moreover, the plea expose* 
the insincerity of offering the paster as a security of 
independent voting, for if it were believed that the 
paster would facilitate casting the same number of 
independent votes aa tbe present provision, the delay 
in counting would be ns great as it is now. Aa Mr. 
Orlando B. Potter well said in an interview, the 
independence of the voter should be secured iu every 
reasonable way. The ballot itself i* intended to se- 
cure that independence, and whoever restricts it is 
justly regarded with suspicion. 

Senator Saxtox ha* shown himself to be so ear- 
nest and faithful a friend of this reform that lie i* 
not to be lightly accused of dmtroyiug tlie value of 
the measure with which his name is honorably asso- 
ciated. The probability is that lie did not consider 
with sufficient care the necessary, if not the inten- 
tional. result of the modifications which he accepted. 
This seems to 1* more probable because lie states that 
the bill went to tbe Governor in a very loose and incor 
reel form, as if there was nobody sufficiently interest- 
ed to make sure that it was correct. It is now very 
doubtful whether the hill will be withdrawn from the 
Executive Chamber, and tlie probability is that it will 
liecouie law. Should this lie the result, it should not 
In* forgotten at the next election of members nf the 
Legislature that a further adjustment of the law it 
imperatively necessary. It is of comparatively small 
importaucr whnt the Legislature nf New York thinks 
of the tariff, but it* probable view of ballot reform 
aud of liquor license is of the highest interest to the 
Slate. 



MAT s, ISM- 


HARPER'S WEEKLY- 


310 


MR. BLAINE AXI> HIS PARTY. 

The Republican friend* of Mr. Blaikk, despite the up" 
parenlly uutUinitcd assurance that lie wilt out be a candi- 
date far the Providential nomination next year, evidently as- 
wore that he may reconsider. At the very moment when 
the President's candidature is conceded, and when he Is 
making the best impression that lie hn* yet mnde upon the 
public mind, the orator* of the rongre** of Republican clulie 
at Cincinnati. the extraordinary Mr. Foilvkrk at tbe bend, 
evidently mean Sir. Blaine, nnd conjure parly enthusiasm 
with bis name. 

There i« the same uncertainty, the same assertion nnd 
coHnter-Macrtinn, in regnrtl to Mr. Blaine's position that 
there were in IfttS. I'p to the moment of the nomination 
of Mr. IIaumiiuin it was believed that Sir, Blaine would be 
the candidate, and iu ISM nothing lew than on express re- 
fusel from him to take the nomination will prorent the pre- 
sentation of bl* name. The feeling for him U the more re. 
markable because, while It is warmly insisted thnt the mn- 
test will be made not only upon protection, but upon tbe 
McKinley bill, yet Sir. Blaine, who alone among the emi- 
nent Republican leader* plainly condemned that bill, and 
unfurled the liunner of reciprocity, arouses the party entliu* 
ai»nn Ilad be been present. M Wa* anticipated, at tho to- 
ceut IWftune commemoration. it b so evident that Ida creep- 
tlon would have been a significant political event that hi* 
absence may lie fairly attributable to lib wbh to avoid such 
a demonstration on the eve of the President's lour. 

A* Sir. McKinley b atUl in llic prime of hi* power*, and 
ia doubtless willing to go up higher, why. if tbe McKinley 
bill ia to be the Republican lame, should not Mr. McKin- 
ley represent it? Why should a candidate be selected 
who did nut staud upon lliat bill a* a platform in 1888, and 
will not Lave changed his position in 1892? In other words, 
is tbe Republican tight realty to ho made upon McKinley 
protection or upon reciprocity? Or b it the man and not 
die platform on which tho pnrly ia bent? In 1884 there was 
a great deal said about mrnsures. not men— principle*, not 
persona. That ia alwnya sound doctrine la a republic, and 
it will be intcrctliug to see bow it is applied to tli« situation 
iu 'SKI. 

PRIMROSE POLITICS. 

The English are not wbal ia called a sentimental people, 
but no nulion baa more signally illustrated the power of sen- 
timent. The latest sign of something thnt at least resembles 
sentimentality it what may lie called thti primrose fnd. Lord 
BEACON*rtL'i.t> wna fowl of the primronc, and of late year* 
an immense Tory cirgnoiration of men and women boa been 
founded railed the Primrose I-eague. and on Lord Beacons- 
kikld's birl Inlay Tory gentlemen wear primroses Iu their 
button hole*, ami Tory ladies display them on their dresses. 
The Queen tends a primrose wreath to l«* laid on tbe grave 
of her favorite minister, and at large public meeting*, yellow 
with the primrose. Tory statesmen and orator* sprnk. 

This year tire Prime Minister. Lord Saiisucrt, whom 
I*n urh ludicrously depicted n* reluctantly dancing a po* d* 
dr tu of triumph with Lord Hkai o.nbfiei.d after Lb n-lurti 
from llerlin, addressed an immense assembly of the league 
at Covent Garden Theatre. ‘ He spoke of the Irish question, 
aud very plainly of the activity of the Irish priest* in politic*. 
He disclaimed all intention of discourtesy or offence. But ho 
touched .the weak spot of the present Irish leadership, which 
is undoubtedly ccclrsiastiral Lord SalisRL R*'k purpose 
wn* plain. It was to arouse the religious prejudice* or Eng- 
lish Liberal dissenters, who would not willingly perceive 
themselves to be politically the cats'-paws of tho Roman 
Church. 

Ill* lordship asked whether his audience could imagine 
tho Archbhhop of Canterbury summoning the Protestant 
clergy of England to resolve upon a change in live leadership 
of tbe Conservative party, or an Knglbli clergyman denoun- 
cing from the altar every Llliernl In bin parish, or the London 
clergy leading their submimive Hock* to the polls uuder 
threats of spiritual consequences if they refused. Yet Eng- 
lishmen were asked to place Ireland under this hybrid secu- 
lar ecclesiastical power. Much au appeal is very skilful, and 
cannot fail of effect. It present* the Homan Church ns 
availing Itself of tbe breach in the Irish party to turn the 
situation to Its own advantage, and suggests that its opposi- 
tion la Parnell is not Irish, but Romish. Lord BaUbul'KY 
is a very clever politician. 

THE LEAGUE OF REPUBLICAN CLUBS. 

The late convention of the League of Republican Clubs 
at Cincinnati seems to luivo been a kind of supplementary 
National Convention. It is stated, however, that it* purpose 
is not to dictate nominations, but to aid the election of can- 
didates regularly nominated. It* manifest disposition, how- 
ever, nay be fairly interpreted as representative of tbe party 
feeling, but not necessarily of the party action. The Into 
convention was plainly a Blaink convention. As we say 
t-Ke where, the etithusiattn was for him, and not for the Pre- 
sident. But there could be no enthusiasm for the President, 
and it* alaienrc docs nnt show thnt be may not be tbe Presi- 
dential candidate. Tbe platform adopted by the conven- 
tion was the usual pisiform, and on difficult points was 
amusingly vague, as Iu this deliverance on the silver question: 
"We oppose any attempt to debase the currency ami coin 
of the country, but insist upon *i»cb legitimate increase of 
our circulating medium and such maintenance of the double 
standard u* will fairly satisfy the increasing necessities of 
trail*- and commerce." 

The mnai significant set of the Convention wn* the elec- 
tion us President of Mr James S, Clarkson, the late Assist- 
ant Postmaster General. He is chicffy know n a* the officer 
who politically devasuxl the postal service in violation of 
the party pledge under which he came into office, If civil 
service reform In- a principle or a policy of tbe Republican 
party, Mr. Clarkson is iu contemptuous opponent, and hi* 


election by acclamation as the President of the League is an 
Interesting comment upon Uie frequent remark that the Re- 
publican party, n* aur.b, is the parly of reform. Secretary 
Tracy and Mr. Trkodork Roosevelt nre unquestionably 
active and aggrexiive reformers. But although Secretary 
Tract's action is by far llie moat important of recent politi- 
cal incident*, the league did not mention it, and if it be in 
accord with tU new Preshleni would have denounced It. 

Mr. Clarkson's letter Watt* that there arc question* lying 
"nearer the heart of the American people than tbe price of 
a tin cup, or whether the color of the money of the realm 
shall lie yellow or white." Be proceeded to my tliul the 
greater question* are those of the protection of the West in 
their rights and llie security of a Republican form of gov- 
ernment to the several States. He remarked also Hist "on 
tlirse loftier lines of action " questions of labor, of monopoly, 
of the power of corporation*, of trusts, etc . srei tn be set- 
tled and will be settled by some party. Ilia hope is that 
tbe Republican party will undertake to settle them. Mr. 
Clarkson seems, naturally, to regard a party a* u machine 
which, having accomplished one result, may he set to accom- 
plish another. That, however, it not tbe historic view of 
parties. They grow, and are not made. Tbe effort to treat 
them as armies to be marched hither and thither has al- 
ways failed. " New occasion* make new duties." Tbs 
Whig party went to pieces In the attempt to adjust Itself to 
Use real question* of tho time. Practical ionics are not 
mode by a convention, but by popular feeling. If. ns Mr. 
CLARKSON says, there are question* nearer the popular heart 
Ilian Uie tariff and the currency, they will make their own 
parlies, like the question of slavery ; and if such parties exist, 
their member* will not nectnrarily agree upon lire tariff and 
the currency. 

THE MASSACHUSETTS SIXTH IN 

BALTIMORE. 

While the President wax loudly cheered in Texas a* he 
spoke of tbe happy reunion of tbe American people, the re- 
ception of lb« Massachusetts Sixth Regiment in Baltimore 
was one of tbe moat touching and atriking of recent Inci- 
dents. Among tho lira famous word* of the civil war tho 
telegraphic request of Governor Andrew to Mayor Brown 
that Uie bodies of Massachusetts soldier* dead In Baltimore 
should be tenderly sent forward to him are most mrmoralile. 
It was just thirty years ago, and now Uie Mnsaarbuwetts 
Sixth luureheN into friendly and cheering Baltimore, its bund 
playing "Maryland, my Maryland.” 

The setue In one I list only those who recall vividly Uie 
earlier day can fully comprehend. It ia remarkable ibnt 
feeling* so bosllle, so deadly, and so long gathering, breaking 
into prolonged and bloody and devastating war, should have 
changed so wholly. Only those who remember the thrill of 
wrath and tierce defiance that swept over tho country as llie 
story of the Sixth Massachusetts was told ran feel the whole 
significance of the words of Mayor Brown's successor: 

“ We ■efcnsno you to our Southern land, « hone people hare fur- 
gotten, sore as a matter of history, the conflict which brought out 
M much of bravery, of fortllmU, sad w> many of the other virtue* 
whirb spring up in a cauie prosecuted in huncst conviction, but 
whose |H«iilv (In not forget •tills keeping green the Braves of the 
soldier* of the Lost C-iuse to spread the fragrant lKcwsoma also 
upon llis mounds which ivirr die sleeping dust of the Federal 
soldier. From the day that Goaxt slid Samuux (nok off llm 
mailed ghive of military power tnd laid the soft hand of soidicriy 
forgi scores upon the bead of their prostrate foe to Uie preterit 
hour the true auhliers of the North, and the South as well, have 
breo Milling to consider unworthy o( itocuwlne llie i-auew or the 
merit* of that unhappy era in the history of our country when 
the drtnle »** sdioorwed from d>* balls of Irgt.Ulicm to the teot- 
*d fluid, and die Blue »nd the Gray, equally vailunr, Mood over 
against each other; for, happily, there colors are blended now into 
sort niu>«. arid dm manly hand that bora ilia sword lias painted 
oat of the canvas brotherly hate forever. And in this kindly spir- 
it we welcome you to our city, our hearts, and our home*, aatwriog 
you that we shall ever remember with profound pleasure tlm hon- 
or row base conferred upon us by roar present* here today." 

We do not agree with lire Mayor thnt the cause* of the 
war are unworthy of discussion, although the reception of 
Ure regiment was no* the occasion for it ; and the circum- 
stances of the visit of tbe Maasucliuseits Sixth to Baltimore 
ami of the President to Texas are incidents of which every 
American can be Justly proud. 

THE RUSSIAN VIEW OF THE 8EAL 
QUESTION. 

Wr publish elsewhere a tran*lation of an Important article 
upon the Behring Sea controversy from the -Sr. Afmhiff 
Journal, which is tbe official organ of the Russian Foreign 
Office. This fact gives grunt Weight to tho artiolo as an cx- 
prereiun of Hiuaiau official opinion upon the subject, whlcil 
lx not Iu accord wlUt that of our Slate Department. The 
article narrates the advance of the opinion of nation* in re- 
gard to tbe nwre ofuwvum. or cloned w*. and stntex lliat there 
is now a general consent of nations, including the United 
State*, to the doctrine of Giumi:* of the more liberum, or free 
sen. It holds, therefore, that the only question now remain 
ing i« the claim of Russia by the ukase nf 1821 to exerriae 
sovereignty upon a tract of open sen to the exclusion of uli 
other nations. 

Upon this point the J^nrmU says thnt if Alnxkn I tad re- 
mained under Russian rule, the ukwe of 1821 would have be- 
come long ago invalid ami nlmnleie la fart, the Journal 
any* thnt the uknac did not long remain lu force, for lire 
Russian Irmly nf 1824 with tire Uuiti-d Stales and lliat of tho 
next year wilh Grant lirilnin make an allusion to the rights 
claimed by Uie ukn*e, ami the Jaurital nay* uiifeservedly 
that “ at tire lime of the sale of Alaska to thn United Stale* 
the Russian privileges for exclusive Hiking in the Behring 
Pea hail long been nbntidonod." It conclude* thn* tire 
contention nf the United Stale* is in absolute contradiction 
to the lined elementary principle* of international law. 

Tbe discussion, however, ia closed. Tbe questions in- 
volved will Uuw he Hubinitled to arbitration, and lu the pre- 


sent state of the world the decrsiim would be extraordimiry 
If it should not favor protection of the seal* from wanton 
destruction. 

PERSONAL. 

Mr. Walter Depant write* to *«y: “I am informed by 
nu American corrreponik-nt lliat it has been atnted in n 
leiuling Now York paper that I nm about l« "tart a com 
pany nr a iMRiMSH for the purpime of publishing Knglbh 
book* in New York. I do not know if yon have ireeil till* 
announcement. If yon have, permit me to inform you that 
there is Hal a word of truth in it. I am umWMCtad with 
any surh scheme, and hove no iuteiitiuri whatever of toed- 
dlmg with bnsltie** of any kind. Nor. to my knowledge, 
have any of those literary men in this country whom I 
know.’* 

— At the second annual dinner of tbe BooknelleiV Prov- 
ident Institution, held in 
Loudon, R. D. Blackmore 
was perhapo the most promi- 
nent of the many prominent 
literary men present. H« Is 
very ititieh of a reclnae, and 
it was the tint time that the 
majority of hi* fellow- work- 
er* hod tbe author of Lorn a 
Ikxntr face to face. Thi* jior- 
trait, which vviv* drawn at tlie 
lumquet for the /‘sWisHere’ 

Cirevlar, ia one of the very 
few ever published of him. 

— John Carlin, who was 
horn u deaf-mute in Phila- 
delphia seventy-eight years 
ago, died the other day at hi* 
luime iu New York. He wax one of the Ural pupil* of tho 
Philadelphia Institute of Deaf-Mute*, lint at twelve he bad 
learned all to lie taught him Ibrrn. He hud artistic tastes, 
and at twenty-live went to Part*, and for three year* was n 
pupil of DklaIiochk. l£vtiiriiiiig to Anieriea. he became 
faniou* a* a painter of Biiniaturea, aud hod a large patron- 
age In New York, Washington, and Philadelphia. Hu also 
tried to write poetry, but bis iguornnre of wound and 
rhythm was a serious drawback. Tn an extent he over- 
came thi*. as may lie seen iu bis poeiu “The Deaf-Mute's 
Lament," beginning, 

“I mure, a *Orot exile «o (ha earth." 
lie married a deaf-mute, and bad five children, all of whom 
had all tin* sense*. 

— A novel, interesting, and instructive contest Is offered 
to its renders by IIaHPKR's Yfit'NQ People. A few cotton 
seeds are supplied to ail applicant*, and these they are In- 
vited to phmt and raise, aud after a certain dale to oruil in 
a written history af their experience as cotton-planter*. 

A hundred prire* will bo tire anlwtantial reward of tins 
biiiHlreil young planters whose historic* shall prove to be 
the moot romplete and neat accurate. Thousand* of these 
young planters have already come forward, but it is not ex- 
pected that the crap they raise will seriously iiitlueuce tbe 
market* of the world. 

— Hir Francis Jkvne, whose recent appointment a* * 
judge in the British High Court of Justice and auharqirent 
elevation to kuightliood have given him the right to a title, 
was one of til* ablest men at the EugHsli bar. and hi* pro- 
motion hn* been generally applauded. Although not a 
politician, li* wo* one of the organ iters of the Primrose 
League, the first meeting being held at his house. 

-—Washington society bos been willing and dining Gen- 
eral Dir John Row, commander of tire British force* iu 
America. evidently forgiving unit forgetting the fnet that 
hi* father hunted the Capitol and White House lu 1*14. 

— llie late General Auikiit Pike, or Washington, was 
perlinps better versed iu the myaterie* of aueirnt Freema- 
sonry than any other person in the world. Hi* transla- 
tion* from til* violas filled seventeen volume* of a thousand 
pages each, all carefully written in a beautiful hand. Gen- 
eral Pike used noire but qnlll ]»-n» in tlda writing, ami 
carefully preserved meb cure, the niiluticr prolmbly rearli- 
iug ten thousand. 

— Rev. Janes McMahon, of thi* city, who recently gave 
£>00,000 worth of real estate to the Kotuau Catholic Uni- 
vrraity at Washington, is perhaps the ricbeat priest in tht* 
country, bit wealth living the result of judicious invest 
incuts in renl estate. He is an accomplished Biblical uud 
Hebrew scholar, nnd once pnldislicd his version of the New 
Testament. Of late year* be ha* given much attention to 
the perfection of church organs, making many improve- 
ments. 

— Minnie Hack's hn*l>aiid, Ciunnt Frnest vr. IIkssk 
WaHTIHMI, ia a writer and scientist of more than ordinary 
ability and reputation. Ilu lias travelled extensively iu 
North and South America and In Kiarepe and Africa, and 
Iw-longs to many scientific societies iu Enrapo and tlda 
country. 

— ll»u. Charles Francia Adams, Jihi., who wna for six 
year* president of the Union Pacific Railroad, ia naturally a 
graduate of Harvard and a thorough Ihwtoutau. Hu bus a 
delightful Inure ou Common wealth Avenue, hut lives at 
Quincy, hi* birthplace, daring tbe summer. Having served 
hi* country with distinction during tbe war, he began the 
study of railrend law, and met with much success iu it* 
practice I u later years. 

— Friends of lire late General Sherman have ucurly com- 
pleted a fund of f Itm.tkKI, which they will preweiit to hi* 
two niimarrM danghtem as a testimonial of tbeir esteem 
for the great soldier. 

-—The dinner given to TltrotvoRE Thomas at Dclinoui- 
co’s flic other evening by prominent citixeus of New York 
wna a graceful tribute to the man who has done more than 
any one eUc, perhaps, to form aud elevate the musical 
taste of New York, Mr. GeoRUK Wh.IJaM Cl'KTH pre- 
sided over the gathering, and among other* present were 
William Ftkinwav, Andrew Carnboik. Kdwaiid s Sr an 
ton, Parkr Godwin, and Geukuk William Wakkex. Be- 
fore leaving this city for Chicago Mr. Thomas will give a 
•cries of notable farewell conceit* at tire Madison Square 
Gulden Amphitheatre- 




HARPER'S WEEKLY 


VOLUME XXXV., So 


THE CXJLIMLU AN KXl’OSlTlON.— l>iuwiMis madk nuiw tiik lutnu 1’ljl.n- in Lii.tm.t-i Oilauau. 


, Google 



MAT 2. 


harpers weekly. 




\ iwti !? K vtfEBW J fy pines* wns managed. Anil yet tim-re were the stair*. when he «i letting lire oar, noil 1 ltnv<- always 

question* to tie Mked, qUMOM that strike noemberod the word* and she too* a a the firs* Bkga of the 
me ns singularly oBtImi* now that there s« no quickening drama of poor BrookwntUb's fair. It was in- 
bqjjr to MM er then). Mr. I Word had solved deed an Miuatlon. but to what eras tbit wttahive young loan 
■ . ff i' the inantnbhr: belied, witlwst feminine help (save in tb->- «f thirl votive, of i beam He rlw, being educated? 

W eenro (hat ladlea were dying so outne to him and be meed Pract^dly and iaavtublj.foc the time, to cciO|uu:ioiisliip. 

tin 1 lives of wrcralX Mbbwwd s «d*>n : but 1 might have to the ptfrr*-*'-ial. tbe wen exaggerated reference and appeal 
pmd that there wm n method in Ml tandnem — a taw in of a pem* brought to d*pe« deuce by his tinte i.f life and 

hie soccer lie bad not bit it oi! by a mere fluke There bb Jnflrmlik*, and always addicted, moreover ■ ibis wu tiic 

an 1 antlered tmw. the friends of was nn art in it all. and bow was the art so hidden? Who. exaggeration), to tbe art of giving you pleasure- by letting 

tiie bt« Mr Oliver Offord; but Indeed, if it rainn to that, was the occult nrtte« ? Launch- yon do thing* tor him. Tbero were certain thing* llr. Of 

whenever we chance to meet 1 log thfe Inquiry the other day. 1 had already got hold of the ford waa capable of pretend mg La liked you t >’ do, even 

think we are ooo«ckM« of aeer- tail of my reply. 1 was helped by iba very wander of him wlrea lie didn't. If be thought pew liked tlwiri. If it huppeu- 

uib motoric reepoct for each of the eowliuua* that mme bock to me — those that need to ad that vou didn't either (this was rare, bat it might be I, of 

■i I her. 1 Yt-.«, you too Iiumi sr-t-ur iu usiuta'. in s tine ciinciti 1 (coitm- thi-iv wro* or;** par]*.**, but H-<iijk'iljilli wire there 

beou In Arcadia. 1 ' wc two not How was it. for instance, that «r never were a crowd, to prevent their going very far. This was precisely tin: way 
too grumpily to allow. Wbeu never clilvcr loo many or too few. always the tight people be nctnl as moderator: be averted mhuuileratnudings. or 
1 pass 1 1 ac Iioiim* in Mansfield Street I remember dial irifA the right people (there must really hare been no wrong cleared tliein up. lie hart been capable, strange ns it mnv 
Arcadia wu* there. 1 don't know who has it now, and I people at allx always coming and going, never sticking fast appear, of orejulrlng for this purpose au Insight Into the 
don't waht to know; It's enough to be »o *ure that if I nor orcralnving, yet irevw pupping in ar out with an iimIci:- iricndi tongue. which was often used at Mr, Offord's ; for 

should ring I lie full there would be no end* luck for me ob union familiarity T How was it that we all sal where we beaidoa being habitual to mail of tin: foreigners. and tlieie 

tbnl liroukvititlh should open tbe door. Mr. Offord. tlic wanted, and moved when we wanted, and met whom wc were many, who haunted the place or nrriveil with Idlers 
iisust agrri-nhic, the most lovable of bscfaelnra. was a retired wonted, and escaped whom wo wanted— Joining, according (letter* often reuniting a little worried cimddemlluu. of 
clipPhiiiiiiivt. living on his pension. confined by hi* infirmities to Uio accident of innliiuMion, the general circle, or foiling in which Brookstnlih always had cognizance), it liad really 
in lil« fireside, and delighted to be found then? any afternoon with a single talker on u convenient sofoY Why were all the liecnmr the primary language of the master of the house, 
in the yrnr l»v such visitor* na Brooksunith allowed to come sofas so convenient, llie accidents so happy, the talker* so I don’t know if nil (be m-ilrnUniint were in French, but al- 
up. llrn.iksmith wo* hi* butler and hU most intimate friend, ready, the listeners to willing, the subjects protected to you nwiet alt the explanations were, and lliia didn't n hit prevent 
to whom wc all stood, or I should say sat, In tbe same relo- in a rotation as quickly foreordained a* the courses at din- Bruukstuilb ftuoi following them. 1 konw Mr. Offord used 
t ion In wliirli the subject of the sovereign God* himself to nrrT A dearth of topics would have been as unheard of as a to read passage* to him from Montaigne aud Bairn Simon, 
the Prime Minister. By having breu for years. In foreign lapse in the service. These speculation* couldn’t fail to lend for I mi reud perpetually when he was alone — when they were 
lands, tin' mod delightful Englishman any one had ever me to lire fundamental truth that Brooksmilh had been alone, I should any— and Bronksmilh was always about- 
known. Mr. Offord find, in my opinion, rendered signal act- somehow at the bottom of tbe myitery. If he biul uut rs- Pcrba)« you’ll say no wonder Mr. Offord's butler' regarded 
vice to bis conulry. But 1 suppose be hast been too much tahilsbed the solvit, at least he had carried It on. Brooksmilh, him as “rather mad." However, if I'm Dot sure wltat lie 
liked — liked even by tbuac wbo didn't like iV— so that ns in short, was die artist! thought uboiit Montaigne, l'tu ruuviocci) be ndnired SnJot- 

pcoplc of that sort never get tltk-s or donation* for the hor- We felt thfe covertly at the time, without fonnutalkug It. Simon, A certain feeling for letter* miw liavc rublserl oJf 

rid thing* they havo i*«» done, his prftwipwl reward waa aim- and were conscious, as an ordered ami prosperous commu- cm him from the mere handling «t bb tuuater’s books, which 
ply that wc went to »«• bim. ttlty, of Lb eveti-banded justice, untainted with fluukylsm. be wo* always carrying to aoil fro and putting bock in their 

Oh, we went perpetually, awl it waa not our fault if Ire He had none of that vulgarity— It is touch was infinitely floe, place*, 
was not overwhelmed with thb partirulnr honor, Any vi*. The delicacy of it wn* clear to me on the Hrel occasion my I often noticed that if an anecdote or a quotation, much 
itor who came once came again— to come merely ooce was a eye* reated, as they were to often to rest again, on tbe do- more u lively dlBCUfeduti, wm going forward, lie would, if 
alight whirl: nobody, 1 am afire, had ever put upon him, His n resile revealed, in lire turbid light of tbe street, bv the open bu*y w ah tlic tire or the curtains, the lamp or Ibe ten. find n 
circle, therefore, was essentially computed of haf/ilvrt, who ing of the house do-ir 1 saw on tire spot that llrengb Ire pretext for remaining in the room till tire point wo* rmchcd- 
wore AnWtMr* for eaeh iHher aa well as for him, as tbcac of m had plenty of school he carried it without arrugaoce— he If in* pxirnnac was to cwtcb it, you were not discreet to 
hnpny mi Ion should be. I remember vividly every element had reraslocd articulate and human I.Kfnit A ngUtM, Mr, rail him nft. and I sbuli never forget a look, a bald, ftooy 
of lire place, down to ihu lutcftsdy Lonilonish look of lire Offord used to cull bim, laughing, when, later, It hapjieoed Blare ([ caught it in its pawnfc). which, one ilov when llrere 
grnv opposite iKHiacs. In the gnp of the white curtalua of tire more lhao ooco that w« bad some conversation alxnit him were a good many people lu the room, lie fastennl upon the 
bigL window*, and, the exact spot where, on a particular But 1 remember aocuving Mr. OITord of Dot doing him footman who wns helping him in the service, mid wbu. in 
afternoon. 1 put down mv teacup for Bnjokstnitb, lingering quite Ideal Justice. Tliat be was not ooo of the giants on umlertone, had nuked him some irrelevant question. It 
nu Instant, to gather it up a* if Ire were plucking a newer, of the school, however, my old friend, who really uu- whs tire only manifestation of haTnImcas that I ever observed 
Mr. Offord's dtawiue-room was indeed Brookmnlib's garden, dcrslood him perfectly, nod wbb dcvotwl to him, ns 1 shall on Uruoksitiilb's pari, and at flrvl I wondered what was iho 
lii* pruned and tended human parterre: nnd II wc nil flour- show, quite ndmiltesf, which doubllea* poor BruokstnitU matter. Then I became coimHou* that Mr. Offoni wu* re- 
railed there ami grew well in our pluces, it was largely owing had hlmaelf felt, to hi* coot, when his value in the market Uting a very curious aoecdute, never lie fore, prrluips. mailc 
in Id* suprrvi*ion. wo* originally doterminod. The utility of bis class iu gun- (O ptibllc. and imparled to lire narrator by an eye witnens of 

Many persons Lave litnrd much, though most have douU oral Is catiinuled by the foot aud tbe Inch, and poor Brook- lire fact, l»earing upun Lord Byron'* life in Italy, Nothing 
lc.«* Srt-n little, of tire famous inMltution of the ajAvo, and smith bod only about five feet two to put into circulation, would Induce me to repnalurr it Ijcre: but Brook uni III luil 
many are honi to tire depression of knowing that this finest He acknowledged Ibe inadequacy of this provision, and I Kill been in danger of losJog It. If 1 ever should venture to re- 
ltowcr of social life refures to bloom where tire EDglisIt sura waa penetrated with the everlasting fitocia of llie relu* produce it. I shall feel liow much I low iu not having my 
tongue is spokeo. The explanation i* osiullv th»t our no- tioo betwesjo gervic* and stature. It hr liad been Mr. Offord, fellow-auditor to refer to. 

men have not (lie skill to cultivate It — the art to direct, be- be certainly would have found Rrnoksmilh wauling, and in Tlw first day Mr. Offord's door wm closed was. therefore, 
tween suggestive shores, the enurae of tbe stream of talk, deed the laxity of hU employer ou tills score was one of a dark date iu contemporary history, it wu* raining burel 
My affecHoonte. my pious memory of Mr. Offord contrndkta many thing* which bo had had to condone, and to which Ire and n»y umbrella wm wet, but BrooksmUb took it frum me 

this Induct ion only. I fear, more Insidiously to confirm it, bad at last Indulgently adapted hun*elf. exactly us if this were a preliminary for going upstair*. I 

The very Bullow ami slightly smoked drawing room In which I remember the old mans saying to me: “ Oh, rny servant*, observed, Iwwover. that ia*tcad of putting it away h« licld it 
be spent so liirgv a portion of tlw I«t year* of hi* life «>cr- if they can live with me a fortnight they can Jive wiib me poised and trickling over the rue. trad then I liecamc aware 
Uinlv ik'UTUsI the dUtinguUhetl name; but on the other fnrever. But it’s tire flret fottoighl that tries ’em.” It wn* that Le waa looking at me with deep, acknowledging eyes— 
band it could not be raid ut all to owe it* stamp to the »oft in the first fortnight, for instance, that HraolumiUi had had his air of universal responsibility. I immediately under- 
prewMire of tire indispensable sex. Tire dear man had iodoed to Icnm tiint he wa» exposed to bciog addretued as “ Mydear stood; there was «*rcely need of tire question and tire 
treen capable »r one of those sactlftccs to which wnoven are fellow " and " My poor child. *■ Strange and deep mu»i«ieh anvwer that passed lielwi'cn us. When 1 did umlcrstaixl 
deemt-d jieculmrly apt; hr ha<l recogDlred (’under tire lufiu- a probation lnvc W?n to bim, and ue douhtlcre emergerl lU«t tire old man had given up. for the first time, though 
dice, iu some degree. It Is true, of physical infirmity; that if from it tampered and purified. This wu* written to a cer- only for tire ncrasion, I ext laiured dolefully. “ What a differ- 
you wbli people to find you at borne you must manage not tain extent in his appearance; In Ida sprue, brisk little per- once it will moke— aud to bow many people!" 

to he out lie hod. In short, nccepted tbe fact, which many gun, in his cloistered while face mod extraordinarily glossy " I shall be one of them, air!'' said Brooksmilh; and that 

dsliblciw in tire social art are slow to lento, that you mint hair, which told of responsibility, looked as if It were kept wa» Ure beginning of the cud. 

really, a* they nay. Hike a line, and thnt the only way to lie at up to Ure same high standard u the plate, in bis unull. dear, Mr. Offord came down again, but the spell was broken, nwi 
home is to stay iit home, finally, hi* own fireside had be anxious eye*; even iu tlw permitted, though not exactly cn- the great sign of it was that the conversation was. for tire 
r*>m« a summary of hi* habit*. Why should be ever have couraged tuft on his chin. “ He think* me rather mail, but flr-t time, not directed It wandered aud stumbled, u little 
left it?— since this would liavc been leaving what waa notorl- I have broken him iu. and now he llk« the place. Ire like* frightened, like u Inst child— It had let go lire nurse’s hand, 
on sly pleasantest in Loudon, the compact charmed duster tbe company." mid the old man. I emtinusd this fully uf "Tlio worst of It I* that now wc shall talk about my health 
(thinning away. Indeed, into casunl couples) round the (lire ter I hail become aware that BruokjiulUi'a main cbnra’ctcr- --r'raf Lt fin dc tout," Mr. Offord imid. when Ire reappeared, 
old last-crniury chiniiicv pUcc. which, wllli Ure exception of btie wu* u deep and sliy refinement, though 1 rvavrailx-r I and then 1 rccogriired wbnt a sigu uf ebaugr that would bo 

the remarkable collection of miniature*, was the best thing was rather pawled when, on another uccasiuii. Mr. Offord —tor he bud never tolerated anything so provincial. Tire 

lire place contained. Mr. Offord was not rich; lie had no- remarked. " What he like* is lire talk— mingling in tire con- talk becmitc our*, in a word — not hi*; and us ours, en-n 
thing but his pension and tbe use, tor life, uf Hie aomavrhal venation.” I wns conscious that 1 had never seen Brook- when As talked, it rouhl only lie inferior. In this form it 
suiwrannuatMt hoiire. smith iicrrail himself thi* frerelotn, hut I girewwd in a mo- wn* a distlx'iwtoBrooksinllb, whose atlenltoo now wauderad 

When 1 am reminded hy same uneumfurinble eontnut of nrent ibnt what Mr. Offord alluded to via* a porticl|>aUon from it idtogcdier; lie had so much closer a vision of hi* 
today how jrertocilv we were all handled there, l ask myself more intense than any s pooch could have represented— that master's Inlhiiato conditions than our superficialities repre 
•ignnwte wlut liail h*cn tbe arcrct of such |>erfection. One of being perpetually p resect on u hundred legitimate pro- willed. There were belter hour*, und Ire wns more in and 
to id taken it for grunted at the lime, tor anything that is lexis, errands, nec««i(K*, and hrnnthing the very atniosplierr out of tire room, but I could we that he wns inruciotis ihnt 
oupremrlv gooxl produce* more ocorptanci! than surprise. 1 of criliasm. the fiunasi* critlcbm of life "(juite un edaca- tire grcul institution wu* fafiicy to piece*, lie «ci»nJ to 
felt we were; nil happy, but 1 didn’t consider how our Imp lion, sir; isn't it, slrY " bo said to wc one day at the fuel of wUb to take counsel with mo shunt li, tv (out tvxpotniblo 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 1TW. 


If>*) 


for Us going on in Kioto form or nther. notion of conversation, for himself, was giv- 
Witeu for the nrcund period— tho dot had log you the convenience of speaking to liim; 
lasted several d live— he had to tell me that anil when lie went lo "see” Lndy Kenyon, 
our old friciwl didn't receive. 1 half expected for Instance. it him lu carry her the tribute 
to hear hint say. after u moment, " Do you of his receptive xilencc. When* would tlie 
think I might to. sir, in Ills place?"— a* he speech <if his t letter* have been If proper tier- 
might have naked me, with the return of *u vice had been n manifestation of sound? In 
tumn, if I thought lie bud better light tile Hint case (be fundamental difference would 
drawing-room fire. have hiul to be shown )iy (Mr dumbness — 

lie bad a resigned philosophic sense of and many of them, poor 'thing*, were dumb 
what bis guests— our guest-, ox I caitvo to re- enough without Hint provision. BtooksmiUt 
enrd them In our colloquies- .would expect, took an unfailing interest in llic preservation 
tli* feeling wns that be wouldn't absolutely of the fundamental difference; it was the 
have approved of himself im a substitute for tlsinar he had most on his conscience, 
the l«o«t; but be nn* so mturaled with the Wits (bad become of It, however, when Mr. 
religion of habit that Ik* would have made. Offord pasted away like any inferior prntoa 
for our friend*, the necessary sacrifice to the — was relegated lo eternal »l Illness like a but. 
divinity. He would take them oil a liul« Jer upKalrs? Ills aspect for several days 
further, till they could look alxiul them. I after the expected rvent may lie imagined, 
think I saw him also mentally confronted amt the multiplication by funereal «>Wrv- 
with the opportunity to dml— for r.nee in once of the tilings he didn't say. When cr- 
hi* life— with some M his own dumb prefer cry thing wuu over— It was late the same day 
ences, his kimllollotia of sympathy, voiding a —I knocked at tlie door of tlie house uf 
little, in pmsjKCt, and returning lu a purer mourning as I so often hnd done before. I 
tradition. It wa* not unknown to DM) that could never call on Mr Offord again, but I 
he considered that tow aid the end or Mr. had come, literally, to call «o Hrooksmitb 
Offord '» career a certaiu laxity of selection I wanted to ask blin if there was anything I 
hud crept in. could do for him. tainted with vagueness as 

At last it came to he the case that we all this inquiry could only be. My wild dream 
found the c limt-d dour more often titan the of taking him into my own service had died 
open one; but even when it was dosed Brook- away: my service was not worth Ills being 
smith managed a crack for me to squeeze taken into. My offer to him could only he 
through; wi Uiat practically 1 never turned to help biin lo Uud unolber place, and vet 
away without having paid a visit. The dif- there was an indelicacy, a* it were, in taking 
fiTeitcu simply came to lie that the visit was for grunted that bis thoughts would itnmc 
to Ilrooksmiili. It took place in the ball, at diately be fixed on atKXher. I had a hope 
tlie familiar fixtt of the stair*, and wc didn't that he would lie able lo give his life a differ 
sit down— at hast Brook smith didu't; more cut for® — though certainly not the form, the 
over it was devoted wholly to one topic, and frequent remit of ouch liernivetnenta, of his 
always had the air of la-fug already over — selling up n little shop. That would have 
I winning, us it were, at the end. But it was been dreadful; for I should have wished to 
always interesting— it always gave me some further any enterprise that he might embark 

thing in think about. It li tnie that the sub- in. ycl how could I have brought myself to 

JeCI of my meditation was ever the same — go and pay him shillings and take back cojv 

evrr ' * It's all vary well, but what trdf bocomo pure over a counter? My visit. Uieu. was 
of Brooksmitli?' Even my private answer simply an intended compliment. He took 
to this question left me still iin-ulistlcd. No It im such, gratefully and with all the lad iu 
doubt Mr. Offord would provido for him. hut tlie wot Id. lie knew I really couldn't help 
irA.d would he provide? llial wns the great him. and that I kbca* he knew I couldn't . 
poiuL He ouuldn'l provide society . and so- hut we discussed Hut situation with a good 
fiery had ta-eoinr a m-ccssily of UrouksuiUha deal of elegant generality at the foul of (lie 
nature. 1 must add that he never showed a Muirs, in the hall already dismantled, where 
symptom of what I may call sordid aolici I had mi often discussed other situations 
tide- anxiety on his owii account. Ho wm w ith him. The executors were in ptmacm 
mllitr livid ami Intensely grave, os beltih-d a aion.oa wits still more apparent w hen he 
man before whose eyes the shade “ of that made me |xt»a fur a few minute* Into the din 
which once was great" was passing away, ing-room, whrre various object* were muffled 
lie had the solemnity of n person winding up for removal. 

up, under depressing clrcuinsUnocs, • long- Two definite fart*, however, lie had to 
established and celebrated buxine**: lie was communicate; one being that he was to leave 
a kind of social executor or liquidator. But the house forever that night (servants, fur 
hi* manner seemed to testify exclusively to some mysterious reason, seen always to dr- 
thr uncertainty uf iur future. 1 cuiildn t in part by night), sod the oilier — ho mentioned 
tho-e days have afforded it — I lived in two it only at the lust, with hesitation— that he 
room* in Jermyn t-kreet, and didn't “keep a lev.! already been Informed his Ute master 
rasa "—hut even if my Income had permitted had left him s legacy of eighty pounds. •• I'm 
I shouldn't have ventured to say to Brook very glad," I said: and Urookamilb rejoined, 

smith (emulating Mr. Offord). " Mvdcar fel- *‘11 wax «> like him to think of me." This 

low. I ll take you on " The whale lone of wax all that passed between us on the suh 
our intercourse was -o much mors an impli- w*ct. and I know nothing of hi- Judgment of 
cation that It wa* / who should now want a Mr. Offunla memento. Eighty pounds are 
lift Indeed tliere was a tacit aamraocc in always eighty pounds, and no one baa ever 
Brnokatnith'* whole attitude that be would left mc an equal Mitn; hut, all the same, for 
have me on his mind. Brooksmitli. I was disappointed. 1 don't 

One of the moot assiduous members of our know what I lutd expected— in short, I was 
circle had been Lady Kenyon. uud I rcmcru- disappointed. Eighty |K>iinds migtit stock a 
her hi* u*lling me one <l*y that her ladyship little shop— a ereg little shop; hut, 1 repeat, 

hud. in spite of her own infirmitiex, lately I couldn't bear to think of that. 1 asked my 

much aggravated, been in pcraiui to inquire, friend if he had been aide to save a little. 
In answer to this I remarked lltat ahe would and he replied, " No. sir; I have had to do 
feel it more than any one. Brookamilh was tilings." I didn't inquire what thing* be hod 
silent a moment ; at the cod of which he said, had to do. they wen: his own affair, and I 
in a certain tone (there ia no reproducing took his word for them us itwnliugly sa If 
some uf bis tones), "III go and aw her " 1 he had liad the greutnens of an ancient houao 
went to we ber myself, and I learned that lie to keep up; especially tta tliere was Mime- 
liad waited upon her. hut w hen I aaid to ber, thing in his manner that seemed lo convey a 
III the form of a Joke 1ml with n rare of ear prospect of further sacrifice. 
ne»t. that when all was over some of us ought "I shall have to lurn round a bit. sir— I 

to combine. lo dub together, to set Brook- shall Imre to look about me." he snid, und 

smith tip on hi* own arcount. she replied a then he added, indulgently, magnanimously, 
tilth- disappointingly — •' Do you mmn iu a "If you should bap|«u Is hear of anything 

r uhlie house?" I iooked at her (in a way that for mo—" 
think BriMksin'.lh himself would have ap- I couldn't let him finish ; thU wns, In iLS 
proved), and tlien I unswered, " Yea; the esaeace. tiwi much In the really grand man- 
Offord Arm*." Wbntl liad meant, of course, ner. It would he u help to my getting him 
wa« that, for the love of art itaelf, we ought off my mind to be aide la pretend I «wU 
to look to it ihiil such a peculiar faculty and find the right place, and that help he wished 
so much acquired experience should not la: to give me. forit waadauhtlraa painful to him 
wasted 1 really think that if wc hnd caused to see me iu so false a posit uni. I interimaed 
a few black edged cards to I* struck off and with a few words lo tire effect that 1 was 
dieulltad— “Hr. Bnwkanlll will cuniitsut- Well aware that wherever lie should go, what- 
in receive oa the old premises from four to ever be should do, lie would mim our old 
aeven ; iHieinens carried on ns tiaual during friend terrihly— mfaa him even more Hun I 
Hie nliemUons " — Lbu majority of us would should, having bran with him so much more, 
have rallMst. This led blin to make the speech that I have 

Several time* he took me up stair** — always always remembered as the very text of the 
by his own proposal — unit our dear old friend, whole episode. 

in bed, in n curious flowered and brocaded " Ob. sir, it’s sad for y»«t. very kail indeed, 
r.ttaaue which made him. especially os his and for w great many gentlemen nnd ladies; 
head was tinl up in a handkerchief Hi match, that It is, sir. But for me, sir. it is, if I may 
look, lo my Imagination, like a dying Vol- say so, still graver even than that; its Just 
taire, lirtil for ten minutes a sadly shrunken the loss of something Hist wu everything 
little uiU>u. 1 felt, intuit'd, each time, as if I For me. sir," he went on. wiHi rising tears, 
were attending t Im- last mueJier of some social " lie was Just all, if you know- what l mean, 
sovereign. He wu royally whimsical about sir. You have others, sir. I dare nay— not 
Ills Mifferlugx.und not at all concerned— quite that I would have you untlentland me to 
ns if iheCnusHtutiun provided for lire caset — speak of them as in any way tontamouat 
nltout Ills successor, lie glided nrerour snf- But you have the pleaMircs of society, sir; if 
feriogs rhnrmingly, and none of hit* Joke*— It’a only In talking about hint, sir. as 1 dare 
it wa* a gallant umtentiM, Mime of them »y you tin freely— for all bis hlcsaad memo 
would bavs been mi easy— were at our ex ry has to fear from it— with gentlemen and 
pease. Now anil again. I cxmfrs*. there was latlirs who have had the same honor. That's 
one at Brookamith's. but xo patbiih-nlly so- not for roe. sir, and I have to keep my nnsn 
elable a* to make the excellent man look at ciatious to myself. Mr. Offonl was ioy so 
me in a way tint seenmi u> sbv. ' Da ex eiety, and now 1 have no more. You g * 
change a glance with me, or 1 aim n't be able back to conversation, sir. after all. and I 
to stand it." What lie was not able to stand go back to my place" Brooksmllh slam- 
wo not what Mr Offord said about him, hut mered, without « xagg<'iattd irony or lira- 
what he wasn't able lu say io return. Ills malic hiitenien*. but with a fiat. UUOtudied 


veracity, and hi* hand on the knob of the given me a itew addrrxs— and found ny 
street dour He turoed it lo let nte out, and friend h>dgtxl io a -hurt sordid street lo 
then In: added. " I Just go down stairs, sir, Mary lc hone, one of tho*e corner* of Ltu.i-.n 
•gain, and 1 stay there." that wear the lust expression of sickly mat 

"My poor child," I replied, in tny emotion, tie** Tim twm into which I was xie-ra 
quite ax Mr. Offord used to speak. " my dear was above the small establishment of a drw 
fellow, leave it to me. Wall look after you; anti cleaner who had inflated kid gloves 
Weil all do something for you.” discolored shawl* in his sluip front. Tbrre 

" Ah. if you could give me souk- one Mr was a great deal of grimy infant life up std 
him' But I l»e re ain't two in the world, "said down the plare. and there wm a hut, mrnvi 
BroolumIUl a* we iwtiexi. smell within, an of the " boiling" of dirty 

He hnd given me his nddrrs* — tlie place linen. Ilroukunith «ul with a hlnnk-t r.i,', 
where he wouhl be to be heard of. Far a LUlegs at a dean little window, where, fn* 
long time I lutd no occasion to make use of behind stiff bluish white curtain*, lie ecoVl 
the information; for Im: proved, indeed, on took across at a huckster's and a tinsmith* 
trial a very difficult case. luaword.Uiepc» and n small greasy public-house. He h*i 
pic* who knew him, am] hail known Mr Of- piuued Htnmgh an iilnes* and was convaltw 
ford, didn't want to lake him. and yet I cent, nod his mother, as well a* Id* aunt, 
couldn't bear to try to thrust him among poo wu in attendance on him. I liked the mo 
pie wlio didn’t know him. I spoke to ntauy liter, who wu bland ami iuleuxelv humhlr.lait 
of our ohl friends alioui him, and I found I didn't much fancy Hie aunt, whom I can 
them all governed by the odd mixture of ueeted, pci Impel unjustly, with Hie opp-Me 
feelings of which I myself wMcooscloua. and public - bouse (she scemd, aumdiow, to lie 
dis|uued. further. I u entertain a suspicion that greasy with the same grease), and w lwue fut 
lie was "spoiled," with which 1 then would live eye folio wed evvvy movement of mv 
lutTe nothing to do. In plain terms, a cer- Itaml. as if to see if it were not going into 
tain cmhurrasament. n sensible awkwardness, my pocket. It didn't lake thU directum— I 
wlie.n tlicy thought of it. attached to thvjdta couldn't, unsolicited, ivul mvself at Hist wet 
of using him Ox a menial, they had met him of euxe with Hrooksmitli. Several times the 
so often in society. Many of then would door of tlw room opened, and mysterious old 
have asked him, and did ask him. or rather women peejied iu uud vliullteil tuu-k again | 
did ask me to axis him. to come and oee them, don't know who they wore; poor Brookwnith 
but a mere visiting list was not what I want- seemed encompassed with vague, prying, 
oil for him. He wns too abort for people beery females. 

wlio acre very particular; BWrtrtbeWM. I He wo* vague liimseir, and evidently weak. 
Iward of utt <qiening lu a diplomatic house- nnd much embarrasoed, and nut an nllusiim 
hold which led me io write him a note, wa* mods between it* in Mansfield Street, 
though 1 was looking much lc*» for some- The vision of the ulna of urhkb he Ii.-mI liera 
thing grand than for something human, an ornament hovered before me. however. 
Five days Inter 1 heard from him. The w-c- by contrast, sufficiently. He astittnl me 
rebuy's "wife had decided, after keeping him that b« wa* really getting totter, and Ids mo 
waiting till then, that she enuldii 1 lake a liter remarked that hi: would come round if 
aervaui out <>f a bouse In which there luul lie could only get bis spirits up. The tout 
not been a lady. The note hod a I’.ti "It's echoed this opinion, and I become more njrs 
a good Job there wasn't, air, sucli a lady os that in her own cone xbe knew w here to go 
some." for such a ptirpoee. I'm »(r*i<l I was rstlu-t 

A week later he came to see me. and told weak with my old friend, for 1 neglected the 
toe he was "suited " — committed to some opportunity, so exceptionally goodT«o rebuke 
highly rrxprclnlde people (they were some- the levity which bud led him to throw up 
thing very large In the City), who lived on hottorabfc position* — floe, stiff. steady liertli* 
the Itayswaicr xide of tlm Park “I dare say with morning prayers, as I knrw ui inched to 
it will be rather poor, air.' he admitted, "but one of them— In lit) -water and Belgravia. 
I've seen the firework*, haven't I. sir? It Very likely hi* reasons liad been profane and 
rnu'l he fireworks rr cry night- After Mans- aentlmenUl . he didn't want morning pray mv. 
field Street, there ain't mucii choice.'' There he wanted to he somebody'* dear follow ; Inn 
was a certain amount, however, it seemed ; I couldn't lie the person to rebuke Lira, lie 
for the following year, going com day to cell shuttled three episodes out of sight — I 6u" 
on a country musin, a Indy of a certain age. that he hud no wish to discuss them. I 
who wax ; pending a fortnight in town with pen-cived fan Iter. Biraagely enough, that it 
some friends of her own, a family unknown would probably he a questionable pleasure 
to me and resident in Cheater Square, the for him to nt-c rue ngttiu: lie doubted uo« 
door of tlie house wax opened, to my surprise even of my p« iwcr to condone hi* alter rat ion *. 
ami gnilificaticm, bv Hruokuuith in prrsiui He dUtn'l wish lo have to explain, und he 
When I came out I itad some coavenatkia behavior, in future, wa* likeiy to nccil cxplx 
with him. from which 1 gathered that he had nation. When 1 bade him farewell he looked 
found the large City people ton dull for en at me a moment with eye* that said everj- 
dnnmce. and I guessed, though he didn't say tiling "IIow ran I talk about throe ex 
it. that be had found litem vulgar as well. I qui-itc year* in this place, before these pen 
don't know what Judgment he would have pie. witli the old women poking their brads 
passed on his actual patrons if my relative in! It wa* very good of you to come to 
liad not been their friend; hut under the clr- ree me — it wasn't my idea; thr hi ought 
cumMances he alMlained from comment you. We've sakl everything; it's over. 

None was neorwatry. however, for before you'll lore all patience with me. and I'd 
the lady in question brought Imt visit to a rather you shouldn't ace the rest.” I sent 
close tlicy honored rive with on Invitation Lo him noine money, in a letter, the next day 
dinner, which I accepted There was a but I saw Hie rest only iu the light of a Iter 
largish Party on the occasion, hut I confess ren sequel. 

I thought of Brooksmitli rather more than A whole year after my visit to him I 
of the sealed company. They required no came uware once, lu dinlug out, that Brook 
depth of attention— tfiey were all referable smith was one of Hw scvrmJscrvants who hov 
to usual, irredeemable, inevitable types. It erwl In-liiad our chairs. He had not opened 
was Hm world of cheerful commonplace and Uw door of the Itoure to me. and I baa oot 
conscious gentility ami prosperous density, a recognized him in the cluster of retainers ia 
full fed, material.* insular world, a world of tire hall. This time I tried to catch hi* eye. 
bidcou* florid plate and ponderous Older and but he never gave me a chance, and when hr 
thin cue venation. There wu not a word handed me * dish I could cnly b* careful to 
said about Byron. Nothing would lutve in thank 1dm audibly. Imlred I partook of tiro 
ductU me to look at Brooksniith in Hu: course eafrvM of which I had my doubt*. suLwe 
of the repot*, and I felt sure that Dot even qnrolly conre-rteil into certainties, in order 
mv overturniug the wine would have io- nut to snub him. He looked well enough ia 
dticed him to meet my eye. We were iu health, hut much older, and wore, iu an ex 
intellectual sympathy — we felt, ax regards rrjwionally marked degree, the glazed and 
encli other, a kind of social nwpuimbllity iu expression It'wi mask of the Bittlsb domestic 
alum, we had been in Arcadia together, and met I saw- witli dismay that if I had n« 
we hail both come U> Mi*/ No wonder we known him I should have taken him, on the 
were ashamed to I* confronuxl. When he xltowing of hi* countenance, for an extrav* 
helped on my overcoat, as I wa* going away, gum illu-itratuui of irrvxponxive servile gloom 
we parted, for the first time since the ear- I t«ld to myself that be but become u reac- 
licst days ia Mansfield Street, in silence. I tioaanr, gone over to tlie Philistines, thrown 
thought he looked lean und wiixled, and I himself into religion, the religiou of hi* 
gucsond that his nrw place was not more " pUee,” like a foreign Indy tnr U Move [ 
human " than his previous one. There wa* divined, moreover, tlial he was engaged only 
plenty of beef and boor, but there was no for tlx- evening— lie bait licctitne a mcip wait 
reciprocity. Tl»n qurstiun for him to have *r. bad joint-d the lailtd of the white- Wairt 
asked before accenting tiw position would coated wl*o " go ouL " There was something 
have been not “ How many footmen arc patlit-tic in thi* fact, and it wax * lerrililc vul- 
kept?" but " How Dutch imagination?" garimtlon.of Brooksmitli. It wa* the met- 
The next lime I went to the him*e— I con- cenary prose of hutk-rhood; be bad given up 
few it was not very soon— I encountered his the struggle for tlie poetry. If reciprocity 
successor, a pcTtoangi- wlio evidently enjoy was what he lead missed, where was the rvri- 
cd Ike good fortune of never having quitted procity now? Only m the bottoms of the 
his lmtiiral level. Could any be higher? he wineginme* and the five xliillinp (or vrbai- 
aeenied to oak— over the heads of three foot ever Urey gelt chipped Into Lb band by the 
men. and own of some visitors. Ik- insiiu permanent inan However, I suppoood be liad 
me feel a* if llrnnksmith were dead; blit 1 taken up a precarious branch of bis peufr*- 
didnt dare to Inquire— I couldn't have borne xiuti because, after all, it sent him lesa down 
bis "1 haven’t the least idea, sir." I do- stairs. His relations with London society 
apatebed a note to the add re w Brookamitb were mure su|«-irn ml, but they were of 
had given me after .Mr Offord'* death, but I course more vnriou*. As 1 went away, on 
mx-ivL'il no answer Six ntontbs later, how this occuxUiri. 1 luoktxl out for him eagerly 
ever, I wo* favored with a visit from an eld- among the four or live attendants who*.- per 
erly. dreary, dingy person, who introduced pcmiicular pcmuia. fluliug tlie wall* of kin 
herself to me a* Mr. Brooksmitli's aunt, ami don pa* ires, are auppowsl to lubricate the 
from whom 1 learned that he wns out of wheel* «f depart tire: hut be was nut on duty, 
place and out of health, and had aJtom-d her 1 itxkt-d one uf the other* if he were not in 
to come and say to me that if I could spare the hmur nnd received the prompt answer 
half an hour to look in at him he would lake " -lust left, sir Any thing I can do lor you. 
it a* a rare honor. sir?" I wmiird to any," Phase give hint my 

1 wen; the next day— his uwa sc tiger luul kiud reganls,' but 1 abstained ; Idhin't wan; 



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HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


323 


tr> rampnitnise him, •nil I never came arrow 
him again. 

Often und often, in (lining out. I look- 
ed for him. sometime* »t-te|»i iu>c Invitations 
(in purpose to multiply the chance* i if my 
meeting him. Rut always in vain; no that 
a* 1 one* rnntiv other nnotnbet* of the casual 
class over and over Hguin, I i»t Lost adopled 
the theory Lbut be always procured a li»t of 
expwlod guest* beforehand and kept away 
from the banquets which lie thin learned 1 
wan ii> (Hut. At last 1 gave up hope, and 
one day, oc the end of three years, 1 recti red 
ani.ilur visit from Ida aunt, site was drearier 
and dingier, almrsat squalid, and she tu 
crem tribulation and want. Her sister. Mre. 
Brnok*mith, bad hern dead n venr, and three 
months Inter her nephew had disappeared. 
He had always looked after her a hit since 
her trouble? — l never knew wiiat her troubles 
had beea — and now she hadn't so much a* n 
petticoat to pawn. Jd*« Imd also a niece. In 
whom ‘lie bad been everything. before her 
troubles, but the niece hud treated her most 
shameful. Tiieoe were (lelul)«; die great and 
romantic fart win Brook smith* tinal cvushwi 
of his fate, lie had gone out to wait one> 
evening, n* usual, in a while waiMonat slut 
had done up for biui with her own hands, 
bring duo ut a larger party up Kensington 
wav. But l»e hud never come home ngaiu. 
and hud never atrlved at the large parry, or 
at any party that any one could make out. 
No uice of him Imd come to light— no gleam 
of the while waistcoat liad pierced the oh- 
MUrity of lii« doom This news was a sharp 
sltfK-k tn me. for 1 had my idea* about his 
real destination. His nged relative had 
promptly, a* she said, guessed Hie wnrst. 
Somehow and somewhere Ire had got out of 
the way altogether, and now I trust ib*t, with 
characteristic deliberation, he is dunging the 
plates of the immortal god*. A* my depress- 
ing visitant also said, lie nover A<uf got his 
spirit* up I was fortunately able U> dUmisa 
her with her own wnnev> lul Improved. But 
the dim ghost of poor Rrookimilb is one of 
those that I Me. lie had Indued been spoiled. 


WHIST. 

TIIR FIRST AMERICAN WHIST COgnRKSil. 

To the West is due tbc origin of the 
worlds flra Whht Congraw. and If especial 
credit be due U> any otic man, Eugene S, El- 
liott a member or the Milwaukee Whist 
C'lilb. is entitled tn it Through ids indefat- 
igable and uiiseltlxii cnileiivors during the 
past six months, ilio First American Whist 
f'ongrr** was convened in Milwaukee the 
week of April 1-ith, under the auspices of the 
Milwaukee _ Whist Club, whose guests the 
vifiiiiiB delegate* were. Thirty-seven promi- 
nent club* were represented* sod a larger 
number not present Voiced their opinions 
by latter on sirbjort* to be acted upon by the 
eeagiw 



The object of the congress was to bring 
about a dlwtiatilon of affair* generally, in the 
interest* of Uie gentlemen* game, lari ween 
representative whist -player*, with n view to 
harmonize as much as pructicubir the dis- 
r re-panc it* in Hi* conduct uf die game which 
exist in a greater or lessor extent in tlie whist 
practice of the several organ Ualkms of this 
country. In this regard it was dsrinbte 
that a code of laws and a system of play 
should be reach'd, upon which w hist player* 
of force in their inleneoncsaltotJ couhl Meet 
upon common ground. I<*ck of uniformity 
of system and law* in the various whist cir- 
cle* lias beeu th« prevailing defect «<f the 
game; but it* gravitation bin hern steadily 
trading toward a higher outer of play — to uti 
order of play Hint comprehend-* more than a 
mere contest with muster tarda. It » the 
skilful general that unite* all of liis resource* 
of artillery and infantry, and so with the 
game of whist, tire akilfiil player will com- 
bine the major ami minor resource* of his 
own and lib partner s hands Whether ailing 
offensively *>r defensively. he will Dot leave 
his Irwer font* helpless ills smaller Cards 
become muster cards, and arc ouwle to do 
their full duty after the cards that rank diem 
•re played. 

Trio trend of whist with authorities and 
ptarera of force Is unquestionably toward 
the style of game that yields the highest or. 


dec of mental stimulus and recreation. Tire 
three wliUt authorities uow moM pronllueftt- 
ly lrefore the public, N icholaa Drowse Trint. 
of New Orleans; li. W. Petto*, of Boston; 
ami Henry J«ne*(" Cavendish”), of Loudon, 
are prarticallv agreed as to tile svsteiu that 
beat accomplishes thU ic»nlt. Tfieir princi- 
ple* are identical; the difference iu the ap- 
plication »f their principles I* liivial In a 
paper of this character it would he int|tracU- 
enhk) to detail those principles, but it will be 
relevant to state that the System of leads 
that Is surely advancing toward universal 
adoption is that the language of the original 
lead of tlie ace. the queen. the knave, or the 
ton generally expresses that tbc suit contains 
five nr man* curds The lead of the king 
announce* that the salt contains four cards; 
llio lead of any low card, that there are three 
cards liinhcr In the suit lh*o the card led. 
This, or flair " fourth best." is the fouudnlioo. 
■tone of American whirt. Il* principle la 
the discovery of Nicholas Browse Frist. 
Mr. Trial, however. In hi* capital paper oh 
whist in lUurKR'M Mao AXIS* fur March, 
disclaims thi* fart, and shares Hie honor of 
it* discovery and its formulaliou into prac- 
tice with “ Cavendish. ” 

But the American whist public knows hel- 
ler. It knows that Mr. Trial is a modest ami 



40HK HHE1XAHT. 


retiring man, and that he is solely and snunre- 
Iv entitled to all il»o boner that pertain* to 
this the greatest discovery iu tbc history of 
whist. 

Tbc lead of the head nf n sequence from 
■ails headed by curd* lower than the knave 
is abandoned. A number of players of 
farce lend the fourth best from sequence* 
bended by Uie knave. A few Olivers go fur- 
ther. and lend fourth be*l from the quren- 
head sequence. Tlie oblect ia to confuse as 
little ns ptHuiblc the informatory character 
of the urieinal lead of (he ace, king, queen, 
knave, and tcu. The foregoing principle* are 
what the in lelleetual w hist devotees arc gravi- 
tating toward. 

The factor thru will most promote this cod 
is tlie First American Whist Congress. It 
will both stimulate and focalize whist in- 
tercut. Its influence for the good of whist 
will be ns powerful as that of tbo first chess 
emigre** forty years agu haa been for ebem. 

'I'lic Whist C’ougren* was compowd of a 
representative body or men of force. It waa 
probably lire moat uuw-lfidi convention on 
word. There were no axes to grind, no 
perwooal interest* to subserve. It *m a 
gathering of prominent professional and 
businetw men devoted tu the welfare of the 
royal game they lovc- 

ll was a fitting recognition of Eugene 8. 
Elliott's leal and^abor tn accomplish Umooo- 
gTtws that be dianld be made president of it, 
os well as president of tho permanent organ! 
ration of the National Wins* League. B. F. 
Foster, of New York city, ms elected Mere- 
Ury of tbtt congreaa 

b't/Jimi ten ft (dlligelltly, without haste) 
was the spirit that prevailed in the copgreu 
— to bring logellMr, not to further sever , the 
clubs Hint pratilw different syatems. There- 
fore there was do disposition to force issues 
upon an v practice that this player or that 
player thought the bo>T Such subject* a* 
the congress were a unit upoe were passed, 
but all subject* were left open for a year's 
digestion, and for cunaidrratiuu and revision 
by Hu* next congress. To unite all nf tb« 
whist cl ul» of America into one harmonious 
onogregMioit was iu chief aim. and the con- 
grew ha* nubly |atved the way far this Thu 
work before tin- congress was the estabilab- 
lueot of a uniform rode of whist laww. In 
this tlie Portland rules were followed to a 
mnin extent. Important deviation* were the 
abolishment of trebles, doubles, and singles, 
and of law T4 of Cavendish, which nay*. “ A 
player may ask his farmer whetlter lie baa 
not a caul of the suit be ha* renounced." 
This practice ha* licrn a locig-cxisting blem- 
ish tu many clubs, and a recurring annoy- 
ance to pluyers wlw> did out wish to he dis- 
lurlied with* (bit trivial query II i* extremely 
rain Hint a careful player revokes, and it la 
an imposition (hat he should suffer a thou- 
sand lotrrrogatotus on tlie chance of one re- 
voke. The careless player ahmild he disci- 
pllncd through the penalty. or if tired tie by 
nanJirr melhndc. John lUirioart was an ac- 
tive a Bent in having thK law elhninared. 

Trump turned from tbc Uvv pock, seven- 


pnint gnme. and ihe play of lire entire hand 
out were Important feature* embodied iu the 
code. 

Tlie eniphnvls of aentlineut I* to uUaiti the 
best results from the play of tlie -'i- card*, 
and tu play the hand uut, whether the game 
be wared or not, 

The English custom of playing for a stake 
was noticed through a revolution by Mr. 
Paffonl, of the l'alled Slatca Inter SCatc Com- 
missloD; "That Hie Firat Americnn Whist 
Congress, while it does not assume to dic- 
tate to tbu plater* of the game of whist 
wbrUirr or not such plavcra dial) lay wager* 
upon the result of the game, liereliy* declare* 
it to lie of the opinion that belling on the re 
suit of Ihe giuoi! by player* or ouuiilrrs U 
contrary to good murals tend* la Injure the 
game, uod to deteriorate I ho slvle of the 

ploy" 

The vote of Hie congress wns il tic on thi* 
resolution, hut it was curried by President 
Elliou * votc. 

Thl» revoluthm unquestionably voice* the 
senthnent of the majority of wlii»t player*, 
who love (lie game for its intellectual re 
sources, and not os a medium of finsncial 
profit and loos. 

Mr. Trial, in a letter, explained wbr lie wus 
unable to attend the emigre**, and woni- 
metided the adaption of {.'avetMli-di’* eigh- 
ternih appendix system. A resolution to 
that effect wus voted upon and carried. 

The principal remaioing hushiss* n*« the 
formalUia of u permanent organ irat ion, to lie 

known os tlw Amerliitn WhUt League. 

In whist contest* At delegates responded In 
tho Milwaukee club's clwdlciige to all com 
era. Tite match waa for straight point*, pair 
against pair, in a two-and a- half hour sitting 
Tho result was a remarkable oh, the Mil- 
vraukeettn* making 1-131) points to the visit- 
ors’ 1S30 point*, nnd winning hv a pin* sure 
uf '288 points Whatever thr result might have 
beec had the hand* been played ow iu du- 
plicato. the fact temains that no other one 
chib in Americx could Ivavc furnislted no 
many expert players to aland agaln»l the 
picked pUrcrs of the country. 

One of the movt interesting contest* wns a 
match in diqdlcotc between Presiricnt C, M. 
Paine and Eugene Bmith, tlie whist editor of 
i/iiwb'm IFreJWy, representative players of 
Hie Ik'siic club, and ('. I). P. Ilsmilliiit anil 
(*. 8 IlontclK-r. Hie delegates of tire Pomfret 
Club, of Kuston, Pennsylvania The play 
losUsl four hours, was extremely close, amt 
resulted In favor of the I'nmfnlt l*y a plus 
score of 3 point*. The taller played strictly 
liy the *• G.W P, '' system 

In tlw contest in individual duplicate fur 
thr director gold and diamond bailgo by 
Foster'* system IK plsvera took pari. In 
576 hsodn’ilMj three defegntre who lot! lire 
lewrt mimtier of tricks were the Pomfret, of 
Enston. Uie llainlllon, of Philadelphia, and 
the Detroit, of Detroit. They retell alike Inst 
10 tricks, and tied. In Hie plav off, with ro- 
tation of purtDcre, President Paine stood a* 
the fourth man; 91 hand* in all were plavi-d, 
and Mr. Price Townsend, of the llnmlltun 
Cluh.PhiladnlphU, won the prize l»y 3 point*. 
Paine ? score exceeded this by K point*, which 
la highly creditable, considering his unenvia- 
ble position 

Tit* only oilier context in duplirwle was 
one of Id hands between four tibreiple* of 


the "G W, P.” system— one from the Pnm- 
fret, uire from (he IXereharwllra. of Boston, 
•nd two from the llliixMaClub, of Chicago — 
against four picked playera of the Milwaukee 
club, which resulted In a victory for Hug 
"O. W. P.'s" by I point 
Mr. Fetus's system whs not ad v or* led be- 
tore the congress tmaniae of lire strong prej 
udJce against It. This aoLniua w against the 



msn rathrr than his syMem. Those who are 
the most UlNieed »een> to know the least of 
what liis system conafata. Mr. FVitea's prj n . 
ci pie* are nlenlical with ilmao of the advabcw 
rank of players Hi* refinements upon them 
are in lire line of fuller informal loti of stated 
Co ml dost ions, hut they are logical, Mr iV.tr* 
stand* whist upon a very elevated pedestal. 
He is inflrxildc in bU atillude lo hiR ideal 
He will rrtewt no nn on n plane below it 
Hence hi* offence is frequent and great 
A more conciliatory and diplomatic policy 
would easily have made him the respected 
leader of the whist fopces of lire country — a 
position that Ire U worthy of. HU role* of 
play, Hroogh severe, are Infinitely preferable 
to ihe prevailing laxity iu the conduct of tho 
gnino, 

Tlie venerable John Rlreinart. the Nestor of 
ihe MlUnukee club. Js an interest iog figure 
in whist history, Forty years ago ho was the 
favorite partner of tire famous Deacbamllet 
in III* omtcMA and Is now the only living 
link in cunncrtiim with the gTfat master nr 
whist Mr. Hlrelnart la a heariv old mao, 
with faculties in full vigor. He plays an 
iitHsmventhHml game of whist; bin his whl»l 
perception ia keen and liis tactics shrewd, 
and LU opponent needs to be cool-headed 
ami wary to counter them. 

Tlie liulimof Milwnukcc placed their beau- 
tiful Atbcnaum at the disposal uf the con- 
rre*i< lor it* Mwsinti, Tire Ireispltality of the 
Milwatikex' club waa «* unMinted a* il was 
nusellisii.nnd the rnngre««. resulting entirely 
front their endeavors, marks the nrewl impor- 
tant mile Mom- in lire history of wb»M for the 
•draiMCme*l ut its interests. 





thin* mv W. M. C’lUiK.— [S ot. Paoe 897. J 


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326 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1793. 


PERMANENCY. 

A ui*n anal ■;>!■ a Wfl of new 
HU ladyS IUM, «u.a u-1 thereto « rhi-tir ; 

Anil on me rock wow mark* ImIH* lila own. 

ttcrsKbol by a glarin' in yriiMval U*m 
A nd y M the ptarioa that hi* »;4rU slims!. 

Tin- »Wle Ire cat h« load ami An*!** nu«, 
M-ililnWa au mm alattial than tl.f wont 
Tin kra nfa *f»A* — tlmo a snow hcswm Sms's 
tmm «■: Kirnum k Bnm. 


MARSHAL VON MOI.TKE. 

BY FREDERIC BANCBOFT. 

History xcnrccly affunts another Instance 
of a man who has played no important a pub- 
lic role and At the mme time kepi so aloof 
from the eye of the people among whom be 
dwell aa the late Marshal von Molike. For 
more than n quarter of a century one of the 
three meet famous men In Oertnany. the man 
hlrorelf wa* almost unknown to the popu- 
lace. Plain anti modest almost to a fault, tin 
neither noticed Iho crowd nor cared for the 
crowd's notice. Yet the German people loved 
him tenderly, anti taught their lisping chil- 
dren to call him " Onkel Molike": and it wan 
a cheap colored print of hi* wrinkled, kindly 
face, which hung tiesiile those of " Kaiser " 
iind " llnaer Frill, " that was all most of them 
ever aaw of him who wa* th« •• unde " aud 
one of the Pennies of almost every family in 
Germany. To those who care more for lion 
ei-i and serioua endeavor than for diudi aud 
• fate ” his life 1* full of Intercut 

HellciUlh ( ail Ilrmhardt VOO Mnlik*- wan 
horn October M. 18W, in thtt Grand Duchy 
of Mecklenburg Schwerin. For generations 
hi* family had followed the profctMotl of 
arm*, aud lima playing ut war was the boy 'a 
natural and favonle sport, At llwi ago of 
twelve be wan rent to Copenhagen, where be 
spent six years in a military academy. HU 
keen eye aaw that Dmowk was already on 
tile decline, and that her military service 
promised little to an ambitious young of- 
ficer; hut to exchange it for Prussia* would 
cost him four yrun» of hand aludy. Men gen- 
erally have more time than pluck. Young 
Molike hast on abundance of bull. He left 
Denmark, mid. after (nosing a brilliant ex- 
amitiation. Iiecamc a Prussian Second Lieu- 
tenant Then, as now, the Second l.u-u ten- 
ant's pay wa* a mrre pillance, and the fa- 
tlier * nurse was expected to supply the 
lack. Molike'* father could not span- him a 
groseben. hut the eon’s ambition supplied all 
wauls. Lveu out of lii* paltry earnings be 
managed to *nve enough to pay fur instruc- 
tion in foreign languages. At twenty seven 
h* was placed at tin- bead of a military xhonl. 
The next year be began the work of hi* life: 
tire study of military topography and grand 
tactics. 

in 1KH the riilllan Mahmoud 11. asked 
Prussia to send some of lief officer* to aid 
him in n military reorganization of Turkey 
on au European model. Captain Molike was 
among tbr first who were sent. He entered 
upon till* work with all the intense energy of 
111* nature, altering and rebuilding fortifica- 
tion*, introducing new w res pirn* and meth- 
od*. and making cliangen in t lie discipline of 
the army. But such a spirit wa* out of 
place among these indolent semi barbarian*, 
lie labored throughout four year* to imus- 
plant into the Turkish army modern military 
ideas, hut it was a futile work, and he wa* 
Finally compelled to exclaim. "The kingdom 
U lotion'” The Setters which Molike wrote 
to hi* outer during tbi* lime were so rife 
with minute aud excellent description* of 
what he saw and thought that they were 
later given to the public in book form, and 
are now of great Interest and historical value. 

SeDt to Rome in IBM as an adjutant to 
Prince Henry of Prussia, Molike used this 
sinecure an a professional opportunity. Ha 
made elaborate military man* and studies of 
Rome and its environs When, after a short 
residence at Rome, llie Prime died, Moitkc 
returned home by way of Spain, in order to 
give special attention to it* military condition. 

( iwing to his *u(«rlor qualities aa an officer 
and hi* thorough knowledge of llie languages 
of Europe, Molike win* In 1853 chosen trav- 
elling companion to the then you ml- Prince 
Kroaerick. tire late Emperor They vi*iu*l 
England. France. and Russia. On all Ida 
travel* Molike wa* a moat auJdtlOUi letter- 
writer. Everything seemed to imerest him, 
and hi* descriptions slum real literary skill. 
The letters written in IflUfi from Moscow, 
whither be and Frederick liad gone to attend 
the coronation id Alexaudi-r II.. were c*pe- 
rially spirited anti graphic, and they have 
been printed in several language*. It mm 
all hut inert-dibit- that tbi* meditative and 
apparently cold and severe General is lire 
author nf throe graceful and often poetical 
description* of spurkling brook*, of lire cor- 
onation cereinonn-s and emUlBMC, of palace* 
and cities, of the singing of nulls, of pritlces. 
right* of inheritance, mid of the life of the 
Ku-.-uf.ri soldier. 

During more than three deciwhe Moitkc 
had been making ipiiet hut sU-adr progress 
in liitt profession, Tire reign of Frederick 
William IV. was unfavorable fur military 
men. He had yielded to lire demands for 
more lilreral government not Io-cwum he wo* 
in sympathy with the Lilrerol*. but beenuM 
he had not the energy to withstand them. 
Tin- »nuy had la-come disintegrated and 
spiritless while Frederick William wa* dab- 
hling in religion and philosophy, and chat- 
ting with *rti«t« ami li't+r*teun. Rut hit 
ncjtiiew, lire iretr- apparent, William, wa* 


mode of sterner stuff ; he wa* a ' ' hlnotl and 
iron'' Hohcnroilcrn. Win, iu 183R. the 
King, through brain trouble, became incom- 
petent, and William wa* made Regent, a new 
policy » an announced. Church, philosophy, 
sentiment, must go to tire rear, and the array 
tu tire front; Prussia must cease to follow, 
and prepare to lead 

It wbh William's greatest merit, and it will 
he hi* lasting glory, that he knew where to 
find the men wlmm he needed, anil having 
fountl them, understood Uiem perfectly To 
reorganize tire army he cbtoie \ on Rood. w bo 
had long been reflecting that, aside from 
such military mueliinery it* Scbarnborst and 
Gsefaenau had created, and besides the un- 
quenchable fire of Mil lllficher, there must 
also be an anient rryrit du <w/u among the 
soldier* if Prussia wa* to repeat the sucoraw* 
of the War of Libeniliou. Von Roou became 
Minister of War. aiul want ni bis task. Wil- 
liam wanted a vigorous foreign policy, ami 
some one to maintain it who could, if need 
he, fairly dub its home enemies into sub- 
miwlon. He selected a Juuirr named Otto 
roo Bismarck S'hftn hausen, w hose most con- 
spicuou* trait wa* a viok-nt teni|>eT Tire 
father land i* still applauding tire wisdom of 
that choice. But wheu army nod diplomacy 
were ready, who. standing apart like a god. 
should plan the marclie*. the strategic*, the 

? rat»d attacks, and point the way to victory? 
'Iren.* was found a lean, ailenl. almost and 

tuan. deep lit meditation, with sixty winter* 
rexistered on bis wrinkled face. In him 
William aaw the groat Field -marshal of the 
future. 

Molike'* *y»te(n wa* the easiest possible to 
describe ana the hardest pooaiMc to master; 
it wa* to know every thing about a ntmpilm 
before war ««* even drrlnmi; it wa* the 
mulct of accurate guereiug. Hud the using 
those guesses as If they were secret ■■Mage* 
from the god of battle. Molike was prob- 
ably ihe only man who ever thoroughly knew 
the military topography of all Europe. After 
the maps of any prospective cHtnpalgu were 
elaborated and ‘tested, Molike bent over them 
w«-k after week— nay, year after year— and 
with his marvellous foresight he WesigAl out 
hate to mm, os if by inspiration. There was 
no "star" iu Ills warfare. HI* motto »'#*; 
A'rvf utigfu, rf.iaa tfngtH. or, first know the 
ground, then dash ahead, os Ills practice wan. 
T o confuse the enemy, he generally divided 
hi* army on the march, but quickly brought 
it together again in an engagement. 

Molike * first plan of campaign wo* drawn 

up in 1859, when It wn* expected that Prussia 
would aid Austria in the war with France 
and Italy. But peace was made without 
Prussia'* aasistanic. He only shared in plan- 
ning ibe campaign against Denmark in 1804. 
Shortly after peace at the north, it was fore- 
seen that there must soon be a war with Aus- 
tria. In preparing for tlii* campaign other 
oflii-cnt were at first more cunxpimuu* limn 
Mi-like, but finally the other* withdrew and 
left tire laxk wholly to him William accept 
id Moitkc'* completed work without an alter- 
ation. Before the war began, Moitkc was en- 
tirely ready. The crashing defeat of Austria 
ut Sodowa depended only upon the strict fol- 
lowing of .Molike* chart by llw i’russinu 
Generals. Aait was, not withstanding* tardy 
General, it wn* only a short march from Sud 
o*« to final victory. Pnuita wa« grateful; 
Moitkc reci-ivisl gl.'tO.OOO, 

But victory at tin north and victory at the 
south only made a war with France all the 
more certain Napoleon a grand mockery of 
government went gayly on French vanity 
was nursed, and lire army left without thor- 
ough orgonitMiion While llienunk de- 
ceived Napoleon and cultivated friendsidpe 
with tire German and other important Euro- 
pean stales, Molike had but one thought 
how to place the m>-«*t effective force on the 
Rhine in the shortest lime, and Urea march 
on tu Parlt. He improved every opportuni- 
ty to visit France and secretly verify hi* 
maps. Tire Exposition of 1*t«? gave him a 
chance to study l*aris and iLs surroundings. 
It is said that wheu. late at night, the first 
new* of a declaration of w*r wa* finally 
brought to Molike, he quietly replied " Very 
well; the third portfolio on the left," and 
continued bis night's sleep. In six week* 
the sun went down on Sedan, and France's 
last chance of victory went down with it. 
He l idle red iu domg hi* work thorougltly 
mid for all time, and wa* not content when 
the Emperor was ruptured, tire army de- 
stroyed. and a liuuitliHtiiig peace dietated, 
Mil favored so weakening France aa to ren- 
der her bantiles* in tlwi future. 

After the war he was made Count and 
Fil 'd marshal. Ahbougti butg a memlrer 
of Uic Reichstag and one of iu nrest striking 
figures, be was »l»o eiwtigh to remenitier 
that other* were better able to speak on all 
save military questions. The writer remt-m- 
bere how Molike listctwd to Blimutrck'* gr<-xt 
idea for a bramly monopoly, in March, I 
II- ~at among the Coms-rviitivre.juM in front 
nf tlw rostrum from which the Imperial 
CliatKwllor spoke. He wore a plain and 
1< -roily fiuing uniform liouud in red. with 
yellow epaulet*. Hi* in ml was bent dightlv 
Wward. bis eye* were closed, and hi* hand* 
locked Into opposite coat sltwves, so that 
neither bund* nor rulT* could lie seen . but 
Ire wus not asleep. A little later Ire walked 
about, lie was tall and a* creel aa a young 
Lien tenant. Hi- buir wn* still thick and of a 
windy gray color. Although hi* bran 12cm 
face was thin and wrinkled, one would not 
have ifuesscd that be wa* more than sev- 
enty. 


Iu bi* early manhood Moltbe wo* called 
"The Silent l)ane.' "ami Inter hr wa* popu- 
larly known a* "Tlie Great Taciturn yet 
be could speak seven language* fluently. 
Although one of the world's profoundrst 
and sternest soldiers, he wn* one of the must 
modest ami affectionate of men. Occasion- 
ally om- might see him in Berlin driving in n 
plain cab. or sauntering along n principal 
street looking in *t tire diop- window *. hut 
few recognized him. He wax iu regular aa 
the sun in hi* dally ta»k*: and even in Ihe 
lighter employment* of hi* long life hr wii* 
ever paln*takiiig and methodical, thtt of 
these trait* grew, withal, hi* tine literary 
ability, that, beside* Ills publi*he<l letter*, 
produced several valuable military liif>Uirir», 
The crowning honor of hit lire wo* the 
w»v Germany celebrated tin? completion of 
hi* ninetieth year. From the Baltic tu tlic 
Alp*, from the VusgM to the Vistula, every 
household joinrel in the great jubilee, hung 
•■ut the iiaiiuiial colon aud 1 1 ken roses of Molt- 
ke in flags nnd uurlre*. Berlin wn* ib-rn 
rated and enthusiastic a* it ImmI never lie- 
fore liren for any private citizen German* 
111 ton ghoul the world set upurt October "Al. 
IHtHI. a* a frUKlay f«-l Um FlMM nd •* 
day of praises anil congratulniinn* for her 
greaUrst soldier. The grim old Field maralMil 
wo* txrituni almost by oceowity, being near- 
ly kinutliereij by bom re* and rVh prroetil*; 
but when the city father* of Berlin sent him 
their greeting*, occr-inpanieil by Ihe sura of 
fifty tiMMMMid mark* «* a charity futul for 
the relief of the aged aod infirm, he replied. 
“Gentlemen, say to your CihuicII that tilts 
gift touche* my litwrl. and that of the many 
and rich present* I have received to day, tk* 
i* the most valued " When since tb.- death of 
Wnahlltgloi] Its* the world seen a inure mod 
e*t. complete, mji . ful , ami imble life? 


THE GERMAN GENERALS. 

BY PUt'I.TXEY BtrtEf/lvr. 

It Mrmetl lull the other day that I saw 
General Fldd-Murdul von Molike start for 
llie M*t of war in 1870. at a lime when must 
general* are long ago on half pnv. Aod in 
n few short week* 1 oiw him once more in 
the Gentian capital, this time at tin- Ik-mI 
of a victorious army, amidst the deafening 
hurrah* uf a people dttitik with the h.-tppi- 
nesa of having saved tlreir futlirr land from 
llie biuul* of a hereditary eueftiy. 

In the day* following tire great war. 
Moitkc* figure was a familiar one ** bn 
walked to and fro from hi* house to llie uf- 
flee of tiic general staff, ill* fore wore al- 
ways an exp res sion of thought, but never of 
worry, lie sever failed to salute with grave 
court ear the Bchoof-boyg.sucb a- tuyvelf who 
detighlrd to waylay tire old gentleman f<*r 
the sake of bragging afterward that we hail 
received * smile from tin- »ilent strategist. 

A* a historical figure Molike ha* always 
seemed old. but until two years ago. wlteu 
he resigned hi* position n* chief uf the gen- 
eral *1»ff. no one rculfcnd that he could ever 
get any older lie wa* always the centre of 
attraction at tire grand mamt-uvn-*. and like 
his old fr.i'od, the late Emperor William, 
wined destined to keep ou living to nil in- 
definite age. 

At k*»l. however. Molike could no longer 
mount hi* hone, and only then did lie ta-g 
to Ire allowed to retire front the active work 

of war. 

One summer, at the great military and mi 
vnl operation* on tire Baltic, near lire Danish 
frontier, I bad many opportunities of noting 
hi* remarkable visor, for although unable to 
mount 111* horse. Ire wa* the Enqicror'* guest 
on the yacht IMunasltern, enjoyed the w* 
lire heartily, and when It enure to moving 
about on shore, looked no well in the Emper- 
or - * carriage that few would think from hi* 
appearance t Hat he was wojn to celebrate hi* 
ninetieth birthday. 

Field - Marshal Blunicnthal still mount*, 
but not with the greatest ease, although ten 
years younger thou Molike. He likes to 
have a chair w lien mounting, and will *inn 
have to go about in a carriage and retire 
from active affair* He l» nm*t simple in In* 
t**tro, and. ills ive nil, dislike* to have any one 
make a fu-« about him Till* summer Ire 
wa*. like Moitkc. gucatnttbe maiHrurre*.nnd 
followed every detail a* eiithudastlewlly as 
though fighting bi* old liattie* over again. 
And there was some point to this, for the 
scene of tire operation* of this year, about 
the Danish fronlirr, i* that over which wa* 
the bloodiest lighting ra 1804. wlren Blumco- 
tbal cmnmandni 

One moruing of thi* autnnrer — it ws> slUl 
dark — wa were on our way in tire seme of the 
day’s fighting— it must have been about four 
o'clock — I found myself dw to the floM- 
■nardinl. near the pilot house of the link- 
yacht that carried the Imperial guest* every 
day from hi-iut quarte r* The- old gi-ntleuian 
turned to me Iu a half culHetnplativr, half- 
rniizzM-al manner, awl raid, very slowly: " We 
did v -me haul figlillng In re about twenty MX 
veai* *gri; I commanded then, you know I 
fought then with hall* anil bayonets. To- 
day they make me fight with a knife and 
fork!" Then, after a pause: •' I think tire 
old way suit* lire better " He *|*iki- In me 
with much admiration of the leader* of our 
civil war, particularly Sheridan and Stuart, 
w'lnuc can-ers appear to be familiar to must 
German officers I meet. 

Tire lute Mulish i of War Verdy i* u-ga ril- 
ed tu osy as ih« U»i thuorvutwl soldier in 


Germany, pnrticnlarlv through his writings. 
H« rwair>f-* from tire War Ministry, hut by no 
mean* fn-m active military life, as he is n 
comparatively young man. He look* much 
like riant n Claus, i* The soul of good-humor, 
nnd the life of every party. He is loo fat to 
be a graceful warrior, nnd for that matter 
M'-ltke was very food of telling alorie* at Ver- 
dy * expense, particularly such »* reflect bis 
fat friend * difficulty in 'keeping in tire sad 
die Verdy Is tmrtkularly popular niuongst 
the younger orocera btcause of hi* genial ire 
Crewilillity. and for that matter love* aorietv 
and fl* gis*i tilings far more than Ihe severe 
code of the Germany army wholly approve* 
of He I* also very independent in the choice 
of hi* frinnii*. and ha* not taken, perhaps, 
quite enough pain* to avoid the jealousy of 
bis colleague*. 

fount Wnlileraee it a very different man, 
look* more like n shrewd diplomatist than a 
cavalry genera] and bnpftmwn one a* being 
a courtier first nnd a soldier afterward. He 
has been famoiu of late year* Im-auae lli* 
wife, an American Indy, opened her house to 
a mi»*ionnrr gutlrering at which the present 
Emperor, then Prince of Pmwia, wa* present. 
Tin* meeting was nddre*Mvl by a clergyman 
named StOckev. a man whose intolerance Ira* 
ranted him tire name of tire “Jew-baiter"; 
ami those who disliked SlOcker naturally 
wired thin opportunity to proteal ag»in*t any 
one ws-khig to inveigle their prince into a 
society whose leading speaker breathed any 
Giing lwt the spirit nf Chrixtisnity. 

Tile Ku»petnr |. the lieml nf all hi* gener. 
nl*. nominally at lra»t. He Las never seen « 
battle yet. but tli<ure who know what pro 
duces war think ho will soon receive III* hap 
ri-tn nf flrr He is young, but of singular 
energy, good sense, professional knowledge, 
and B O MBe ra . He select* ' good as>utant* 
and hi* officers are ooe in believing that the 
qualities he now shows are surh tut to prom- 
ise him a worthy place in the Hnq of Ger- 
many's general*. 

Capri' i made his reputation aa a general 
of ability long before the crlala happened 
which culled him to the bend of the State De- 
partment. Last vrar I saw him for the first 
lime since tire Franco German war, nun- 
rounding an army eorp* at the gram! raumru- 
vnrs near Hanover. Hi* manner i* charac- 
teristic of a great man a« well as a g-n»t nol 
dier— simple, direct, courteous, and. where 
possible, conciliatory Hi* fnce is curiously 
like tlut of tire gv«"t Chancellor whom lie 
niecccda, lre.it basin it far more of the human 
and engaging-. le*» hull doggy, though no 
lro* plucky. To include the Prime Minister 
In n list of the country's generals would np 
p ar odd in England or wish us, but In Gcr 
trinity the Miuarioii ha* nothing eccentric in 
it. lltMiisrel;. to Ire sure, never held an ac- 
tive command, but all through hi* life a* a 
civilian official he manifested a far greater 
desire to appear in the livery of war than In 
rest hi* tame on lii* achievement* in the catr- 
lirei. fiiprivi may or mnv tint prove greater 
a* a geni-rai than a minister nf state, but in 
tire event of the next war.no surprise need be 
felt If wo rend Id* name gazetted a» com 
mnndernf a mobilized army marching toward 
fit. Petersburg. 

Tire great cavalry general of the next cam- 
paign cannot be today definitely fixed, any 
mure than it would have Ixvu possible to ray 
in l*lVi wbal great powers lay conrralrd in 
Phil B be (Man or Job Btuart; but amongM 
German nffircra it i* generally felt that the 
inirel lm|H>rrnnt cavalry command will l>e 
intrusted to Lwutemut-G«Bvnl von KrewigU. 
partly liccmiuc of the maslerlv wav io which 
during tire la*t throe imprml nirauvTM he 
has handled largr cavalry misses r»f from 
5000 to 10.000 ralim-s, I-**t September, at 
Liegnitx. ou the Russian liorder, 1 was so 
fortunate a* to la- present In the mid« of a 
brilliant nttock of hi* upon tire cavalry divis- 
ion of General von dcr Pliuiitz. a general 
standing very high also a* a cavalry chief. 
Ptnnitz wa* draw n np m the hollow between 
two gentle *lopr*a surh as one *ee* on our 
plain*, in the front of his centre being n grove 
of lurch. He hod. oh he supposed, taken full 
precaution against a surprise, nnd was com- 
fortably making oorne fitial dltpntlllon* while 
wailing irews of the enemy, when, to hi* ut- 
ter amazement, tire lu-ml <•( Kn»igk'a column 
appeared nround the edge of lire wood. He 
tliuugbt fl niuai be a reconnoltrlug party, but 
was i|uirkly disabused, for it proved to he 
tire liend of the mars of cavalry commanded 
by his rival, Quicker titan it ‘takes to write 
it. lire enemy dashed upon lire right wing of 
tin- dlseomnted PUtiitz. with sabres swing- 
ing ami loud siimils, it swept round upon hit 
rear before PlanlU could give an order to 
fare about, "it through hi* centre from the 
rear. Ureu formed again when they hnd 
•merged on lire other »td<\ and charged one* 
more u|kio the whole line. In ndunl war 
Plaiiitz w mild have been utterly destroyed, 
bill Ire re lire umpires promptly divided Ore 
victory fair Krndgk, and ordered the Plaoiu 
division to remain out of actiou for at least 
an hour aud a quarter. 

In suck a sketch as this I have indicated 
Mich men a* Germany today regurda as bee 
most approved warriors, hut they arc for the 
must part well ou in life, and If ilii war does 
not come soon, they will lie too old to give 
tlreir country the Ireiretlt of tire vast iniliuirr 
experience they have hern enabled to rUiu- 
Up. They will then give wav to new anil 
younger mrn. an old n infield Scott, the hero 
of tire Mexican war, made room for the riher- 
m«iiv Mrt U-llans, and rilMiriduus of a later 
genvraiiuu. 



MAY *'»1. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


327 


TO A SKA VOYAf.KR. 

Tut itar that low cm the tarinw gb'-tm* 
lias hr thn a Ur that /or tbe saiknr shbie*, 

That tight* thy (atliwai with it. guldea twain*, 
Touching nitli angle Are the »ln|i'* 'ink line*. 

Mulcting ’•■111 re* apt -, it till each atwtll tin'll Ilium a 
A ibisling point. Wrapping in nnvsteiy 

The graj aratag nhic", a» the I'igbi wind Mow#, 
M«v«t tv»Un«ly aero** the atrctc.ii of mm. 

On ciilior M*lr the a utr of water lie* 
fUifnlding lore. Thr 'ami sloil* nut ill 7 vein; 

But that bright atiir within thn e*»t«ru »kU* 
Sends liuvuaaiil to na both a rar of light. 

Th- distance fail-- ; tnvn 00 ICC# cndlcM spare; 
Thought speed* on wings at-rusa tin* golden 

Tan gleaming path cat s through tbo night we 
Our hcjuIm latte met, ami bcwiigbl the answer 


THE ARMY ROLL OP HONOR. 

The (acne-nil Orders Just Isriied from Army 
Headquarter* giv# tlio name* of thorn- in the 
aervice who have distiugsmlMxl tliernot-lv*# 
for meritorious net* during the yrwra l***! 
anil IBS'. The im-dnl of liotuir has alto 
been given to several of llmac mentioned. 

It la Mid to know that the Hist in this lint 
of heroes — Captain Emmet Crawford, of the 
Third Cavalry— pawa-d. nearly nix years ago. 
beyond the reach of mortal honor* ami re- 
ward*; Mulder ‘till to lenm that his valu- 
able life, though Iw died like a whUor on 
the Held of battle, was wastrel, flung away. 
Lhrougli no fault of bU own. in one of ihuse 
lamentable error* which are inevitable in 
warfare He had heen ik-taclied from the 
command of General Crook during hi* cam- 
paign against Geronimo, and ul lire bund of 
an expedition had hunted tint infamous 
A par be- chicflain beyond lire btmittla of tile 
rrptihlir. of Mexico. There, after he bad 
am-Nwsfully altackiul tbe enemy '» ram p upon 
the Aron l6vcr. be was set upon by the Mux- 
ii-iui stale troop*. who di-rlnrrsl *ul«soqucnt 
Iv that they talieved hi* troop of Indian 
annul* to be the Itoell Iv Apaches. W It it# striv- 
ing his UUlwwt to nut an end to the useless 
nnd mistaken blood-died, tbe wuutd ta peace- 
maker fell mortally wounded. The lo» to 
tin* expedition was inestimable, and. In addi- 
tion In the pitUblensw* of such tut ending 
to a gallant career and victorious enterprise, 
might liavu resulted in *till mote wide spread 
d 1 *ama~ r had it Dot been for First Lieutenant 
Marion 1'. Maun, of the First Initially, who. 
ft* cnplaln, still lutppily survive# to trail his 
luntr in the second place on tin' roll -if hon- 
or, In recognition of bis mu mire in lending 
the seoiiu before the unlucky encounter with 
1 Jib .Mexicans, ami in especial fur lire murk 
ed skill and uhility with which, after the 
death of its commanding officer, he cundiKt 
ed the expedition tiack to lire United Stall* ” 
— no petty undertaking when all the diffkcul 
lie* to be surmounted ami dangers tu la? 
avoided are considered. 

The name canntnigo m-i-vimI ax u stepping 
atone to lionnr for several other brave sol- 
diers. Captain Tlmma* Lebo earned it 
in a battle which trade jdaw on May 8. 1WHJ, 
among the mountains of f*rnito, whit Iter 
he bad driven (Jeronimo and bis Imnd with 
tb»t intention, lu wbleh be displayed " gomJ 
judgment. promptness, energy. aml_ gallant- 
ry’'; while Lieutenant Powhatan N. Clarke 
gained the modal of honor ua Well as his 
place upon the roll hy carrying n wounded 
comrade from under Ireary line into securitv. 
On May 13th Captain Hatfield triumphantly 
attacked Geronimo. capturing moat of his 
supplies and Imwks sod in list* evening of 
the same day. though entangled in the laby- 
rinth of a cfi>cp caflon. repulsed a vigorous 
counter assault, when Sergeant Adam*, at 
tbe price of a Mrarr wound, carried au in 
jurea private under libeller, only to find that 
a rifle ball bud fatally wounded the sufferer 
on the way Yet another non- C<mnmU*ion«d 
officer. First Sergeant Craig, distinguished 
himself in the same nrtion. ami won the med- 
al of honor ami mefiMuii oa the present list. 

Lieutenant Colonel and Inspectur-Oetienil 
Lawton, captain in tbe Fourth Cavalry at 
tin- time of the campaign. Assistant Surgeon 
Wood, Lieutenant A L. Smilb Lieutenant 
Gatewood, Lieutenant Walsh, and Lieutenant 
Lloyd M. Rreu also won their well- -normal 
laurels in the course of it, the last for a 
trtily magnificent march through the llerre 
summer weather of twenty-six unbroken 
hours, during eighteen of which lit* liwops 
were absolutely waterless. A nr. liter forced 
march i* credited U> Captain Cooper, of Hut 
Tenth Cavalry, whereby Chief Magnus and 
his insurgents were brought to buy and cap- 
tured. Captain I pliant i» praised for hmvrry 
Against tbe Crow lmlimt*. nnd Captains Law 
ton null " nit. and I .ieu tenants P. Jidm- 

soii ami -f- II- Hugho for t|«c capture of the 
San Carlo# renegades in '87. 

The naving of life w well a* ll>c taking of 
it, the prevention of hostilitw* a* well a* the 
conduct «»f litem, meet also Willi due reward. 
Captain F- A. Edward* and Trumpeter Rey- 
nolds art' mentioned os saving tbe life of a 
drowning companion at thr peril of il»ir 
own aii<l Private Maoning wear* in asldi- 
tinn 'ft medal for the name effort cotttbliml 
with ad iinfortutiatrly futile nttempt to save 
bi» captain fmni n »i"n»l*f l* tP - Lieutenant 
<3 It liurnitl bas the enyiuUk' record of pre- 
ventiiig hV bi » courage ami preww* of miad 
a ronflic-l lM*lWe*n the Colorado IdLlllln and 
U»o Lite* a 1 White River. Major Bernard 


pul down a serious disturbance at Lamia, 
slid I 'rival* Corp secured fame hy the firm- 
ueas with which hr thwarted Intruding tna- 
|KisNcni upon llte Cherokee outlet. 



TJlg VIITOR1A CROSS OF THE IIXITKU 

mm 


Tills hreuMe modal of honor, cast from 
captured cannon, is the only decoration con- 
ferred upon iIh; aoldicr# of the anny of ilia 
United States. Friar to its authorixnlion 
hy Congress. Utcro hud bcvn ronu- recogni- 
tion by luuige of gullantry in llir service, 
hut it was tong before the- war of the rebel- 
lion. Wushingion, in General Onlers, per- 
mitted the Wdier* of the Revolution who 
hod dUtinguidird thenuclve* by lung and 
ineriinruHiH w-rvice to wear ' ' 11 narrow plec« 
of white cloth, angular in form." upon the 
sleeve of tile coat, and Mmimi who |ir funned 
nietiiorlou* single oc-ls were permitted to 
wear -"u heart in purple doth or silk, edged 
with narrow Ian? i*t binding," awl be pro- 
boiiiicimI scat. ling word* of rebuke against 
auv i?emitiB who should venture to wear 
rillier of these decoration* without author 
ily or right, it wus Dot uolil July IS. lHSi, 
Unit t'liiigfca* anlbwiarsd 11 medal of itonor. 
At that lime, by Joint rvwiuilioo, the Plrosl. 
dent was miilHrm.cri to >-*uw two Utmuumd 
"mednls of honor" to lie prepares! and pru- 
seated. In the name of Congrwa, to non- 
enmmissioued ofSeers ami privates "as shall 
most dlMlnguidt Uiew«-]v4« in artion and 
rtilMir soldier like qualities during Ilia present 
lii*um*.iloo." Ten ilioumaad dollar* were ap- 
propriated to carry the resolution into effect. 
By Use act of March 8. 1808. making appro- 
priations for the sundry civil expenses of tlie 
government, twenty thousand dolbre were 
appropriated to supply nddiliiaial medal* 
from tlie die prejared under 111* resolution 
of .1 uly 13, 1NS3. to lie prcMatted to officer* u 
well as noncommissioned officers ami pn- 
viites "aa have moM dl*ilngiit*licd tar who 
may lirrenftcr must distioguish themselves 
in action. " Under dial act and the one pass- 
ed in lfcXM about rtftren hu mired medals have 
tiecii awarded. A record Is kept in tlie War 
Hcpariiltcnt uf the name* of pt-rsan* to wham 
mi-diris are issiuxl; but it la not cuntulidateri. 
nor are the book* in such sbupe Uial tlm 
entire numbrr can he Mated without much 
labor. Ill ltSMI. wIhb an account was made 
out of the nttslal* issued, it appeared Ilia! 
1331 had Iwcti awantcd.of which number 
liad iss-n issued January 34. 1803. one tn eneb 
member of the Tw-eotv- seventh Maine Infan- 
try. far ” volunteering la remain in service 
and participate in the baitfeiOctl^eburg). his 
term of service having riptml. Each of 
the 20 men who nerved a* escort to the body 
of President Lincoln front Washington to 
SpriugflrUl were, hy order of Secretary Stan- 
ton, do-orated with the medal. Tliey were 
all nlbM-bcri tn the Yeternn Reserve Corps, 
and were &up|»-H-d tn have rentktcd merito- 
rious nervier; ls-forc lltat duty devolved upnn 
them. Of the remaining 487 im-dab men- 
tioned in the di-piiJlDirnt report of infill. 114 
were given to New Y'ark solilier* for ipedal 
new or merit. The award tn the Maine regi- 
ment lias licca criticised ns nu invidious tlis- 
iSnctlon. awl »s having chcajs-ned the deco 
ration in the cotimatKiu of soldier* who knew 
uf Diany iodances uf like merit. Rceentlv, 
however, great rare lias Iwrn rtrrrisd in 
awarding tl.l* decoration. The hlttorv uf 
•»ch pemm for whom application U made is 
acrutiuized. and tlvc metful I* nut awarded 
until it appears that it has been won hv dis- 
tinction in aelluD. Tire fact that there re- 
main in the department eight thuusand uf 


tbe mala!* is regarded as an indication not 
of indifference by those who could vMahlidi 
a Haim to them, but of ignorance of tire facts 
necessary lu enutde th<c*e enti licit lu them to 
vwt them The rtredsl nm«i Is- applied 
for in the cases of soldier* of the rclsdiion 

by tbemaelvta or their friends, or Is- issual 

upon lire recommendation of uu af1U*-r in 
"•lumand at tin- time h suldk-r dtetingulsbt-d 
himself sufliciniily to lie mentioned in onk-ni, 
aod so cnllttol to wear lire nwdai. Borne uf 
lire recrnl issues were very tardv awanl*. 
On March 8d Captain Murtln T. McMoIiod, 
now Rrevct Major General und a nremlter of 
tint New York Assembly, received u medal 
fur distinguished gallantry nt the tattle of 
Wlilte Ouk Bwuntre June 80. tWtl Fehru 
ary 33th Corporui John II Moffitt. ( .inipai.y 

HixtMulh New York Voltinlwni. rt*«ved 
one fur special galhitury at Gaitre* Mill, tlw 
medal coming to hiat just ua he wu flnishing 
his term as * member of Cut'gretw. There 
are many inslaorro of this sort, and they a re 
likely to multiply. 

Meritorious mention does not always carry 
the medal. There arc remit instances lu 
Mijfgoat that like m-vi." ihre* nut always 
bring like rewarda, for in the latest order, tu 
wbi< h Mire soldi- r get# tire nwdaJ for saving 
aonlber soldier from drowning, anoiber #nl- 
djer for npculng a coditjiiIc Itrin drowning 
is only itwi-ti’Uu-'J ill order*. The difference 
in trcaOMkl i* MRllMltd to lire disposition 
of the Wpigltv «imiii»n«Ui»g otRi.-ci*, each 
taieg unaware of the action of the other. 
The ettgrnvfug o» the m»dnl* i* mndr at tlie 
axpent* uf lbs War I icpamii' i-.t , aud in each 
case sjtccifir* the actkMi in nhirli tire decora 
tlon u-!ȣ won 8tn#e of the earlier medals 
isnml did not so specify tire otariloriou* #*■- 
Uon, and the depiriim-sit is occuaiiunillj a*k«l 
tn haue new medals with appropriate inta-rip- 
tlona. The medal was issued In tluise per- 
sona recently mentioned in Gcihwn) Older* 
who were reconitiicnded lu be decorulcd aa 
well as hunurud hv special mention 


MB. CHASE AM) CENTRAL 
PARK- 

SHEt-TEnrsn thcmsolvee under Ute eon* 
renirtit aayiug tliat art lots no country, our 
piinteni either remain abroad ami paint Eu- 
rope. or return to llielr own land and paint 
Ktirope -itiiJ. Faiulcra, sculptors, arrhitects, 
are angry when tins matter In prevented to 
llrem. and invoke the right of the individual 
to express ii lot self to any manirer he please*. 
They have been known to la-conn- denuncia- 
tory" If the point In pressed that they bring 
1«ck with them from Fan* an nUiMwpItcrr, u 
landscape, cetiniu irlc-k# of pose and tnuihxi 
for the human figure, which are rarely if 
over found in our landscape aod among 
our people. If Utis objection has no valid 
ground. artUts cau afford lu igouru It ; a bile 
the fact that tliey are sensitive points to the 
troth uf a charge which can scarcely In- 
dented In a large majority uf and iu 
other* is not denied at all. Itul defended. 
The inter course fe» uut only lire mure candid, 
but tire wiser A r knowledge that you find 
nothing hi America Worth painting, and it 
become* your duty to seek inspirution he- 
yowl seas. But do not attempt to paiot 
Amcrint through French spccladc*. and du 
not give yuttnelf out fur u muster, while no 
every canvas you show that you are merely 
00c of a nuuiV-r of clever pupil* turned out 
l>v some foreigner whose brains and heart are 
all his own! 

The painter whoec likeness appear* this 
week bos mode an honorable record for him- 
self Id Europe ami America. Metatars uf 
the Union league Club can still enjoy hi* 
three quarter length of a young girl, called 
■' Ready for a Ride.” which wa» among the 
flm of his coaraw* to attract attention. The 
Munich luuch «t» still apparent, noiwIUi 
standing hi* stiMilrer in Pan*, tan tire spirit 
amt rtm-iM-ss of bandiwurk made the pirture 
ilj«Unctiv«. Mr. William M. Chose w as then 
an ardent n««rr« a in the Society of American 
AiiW*. of which he has since Iwcome Prewl- 
deiit. He ex]krews*I in hi* impetuous way- 
tire dislike which many young artists felt 
fur tin- sanction given hi wretched art by tlie 
National Academy uf |tcM!*ii -, puitalily uo 
roi-mlier of (he Sortrty of Antrncan Artist* 
ha* done more Uiait Ire to shake the Anulrmy 
out of it* somnolent mclltod*. mid cuiui- It to 
approach lire sphere of usefulness whir It nal- 
urully sliould ta it* own. Yet to-day Mr. 
Chase himself put* N. A. after his name, lie 
la in annual danger of ta-lng clawed l»y the 
young impatient impreasionisia among the 
old fogies. bw*u*c he doc* not see thing* iu 
gamlrege and purple, just as. a few Yean ago. 
lie derided the Academician fur tailing to see 
tiling* in French gray* aiwl Munich browns 
and green*. 

Portrait, genre. Iaud*ea|>e; oil#, water-col* 
nr*, fiaste'.s nothing comes amiui to Mr 
(■base's deft fingers. He ha* done some very 
dMliDgulsbi-d work tn portraits. At tta- Sn 
tkmal Academy 'a Exhibition now open liii 
likenesa of Mr. Whiltredgc l* excellent. Tbo 
collection of hi* own work recently dis- 
persed at auction contained a very remark 
aide variety of canvases, in whiHi tire pieerw 
ofstiil life were »o goml that tire ability of the 
painter tn make a name for himself in that 
one spoeialtv wm videiil. 'ITiere were nudes 
showing a uSdi? knowledge of the anatomy of 
woman's figure, taauliful drawing, and on 
unusually good brash work fur fle.lt tints. 
There were flower*, gray marines, Interiors 
with figure#, full length portrait* of Udi«s 


impressed with (lie highest charm, and fig- 
ures twitu-d In (lie strong light of roit dooin. 
Many hrilluiui little UndM-apoa res-alled it,-, 
chief parks ol the two cities linked by (ti« 
E*j*t River VwWgn* Yet lire nlc was any 
lliing but a financial sucres* 

if Mr Chaw-had from tlie beginning work 
cd like an Aciulrmreian, he would have lu»r| 
much plainer willing; at the ixs-eut auction 
hi* pictures would have brought high price* 
All lie needed to have done w«> to puittl hard, 
highly finUhrd pictures, and repeat thi-ii] 
irii.lr finitely . As kioii on it had lxs-n olnlj. 
lisliisi tliat Ire (siulii ta trusted to turn otp • 
certain brand of picture with regularity, his 
commercial availability would have been rec 
ognlnsl and his circle of pot nuts fomni mul 
ih-tini-d, But tht» he falh-d to do. Even ut 
this bile date lie is liable to yirld tu his ow n 
whim, and paint a jw-rvon, a subject, a laud 
stupe (hat picaoM him, instead of sternly 
holding before bit eves lire maxim "Find 
out wltat tire public likes, then repeal it." 

But this unwillingness ou his part in make 
lire of Iu* rcmnrktiidt' drfliifw* in order to 
contact ao many doreo orticb-*, all warranted 
to meet thr public drmwll a* to nibjett. 
colors and handling, while it le*es him the 
marker, gains him lire respect of hi* brother 
arliMs and nntkiw him admired by luuiitcurs. 
Tta v houur him for not adlicting to a dead 
level of uclilevetnr-ut. lire only purprwe of 
which i* to ainosn wealth; tail fur trying. 
<m tire contrary, many Hthywl*. using many 
mcthuil* anil gropiug about in a way that 
ta-luken* rrmnUnt iliuntirf action with rc- 
imlta. ITicrc are people who are affect e.1 by 
inner lusMtudc at the conteinplalion nf tbo 
unu-liutMlmitli niHle nympli by llcnner the 
ireTcmy -ninth ltmunn mimic by Aima-Ta- 
detna. the three hiindnxl nnd-rixty fifili float 
lr>tf angel by Botigirereaii. What do three 
pBiulere mean? Sure ly tln-v are luriiitig out 
a commercial article instead nf a work of art 
when they re peal tltt'iliwlvcs with Mich re- 
talitlrvia Herat Ion! 

lu Willinm M . Chase wo have a painter 
who bus slowly won away from entangliug 
julliuicT* with til* ntaotais lu Parl» ami Mu- 
nich until he has struck out a line fur him 
■•df. Observe that uf late years Ire fan* hit 
upon n direovery which B yet to he uadi by 
• very great proiwrllon of lire inhabitant* of 
New York lb- luw ducuvvrtd (.Vuiral l**rk 
Not that most New York people donor know 
there i* owclt a plant’, and are nut more or ta»* 
protul of it, but comparatively few of them 
»-v« gn Imu It, awl w lreinlrey’gn, they rarely 
tree anything. 

For Hk-ic i* iwul of much inure than eye- 
sigh! tu see thing* awl people. Th# Indian 
•if the plains sec* everything ext-eju what nn 
artist petTeim The pnuifrAl man wonder* 
how much a pte*« uf rood in ('i-iitrnl Purk 
(vimU. Tlie ward politician lank ant the I*lnk. 
and dreams uf flkbing money from thr t.-ix 
payer* by the time worn method*. But ll*c 
artiil "Oik lire beauty id tbe l*ark. wntelre* lhe- 
play of sunlight on lake. tree- top, and meadow, 
awl pick* out for it* unexpected charm Mini* 
corner neglected by the public. Tire impre*- 
siun these thing* make upon him ho trio* to 
fix ou canvas with such power as hi* native 
taU-uls and tire falx idea* lhal *wurnt In »IU- 
diu» permit, and hy so doing |>erform* a wr- 
vice 10 the public which km* been utterly ig- 
nored hitherto. It « no le** a service Ilian 
pointing out to (/itixena not only that they 
have a beuuliful Park, but what thing* in 
tliat Park are worth examining more than 
other*. It teaches (hem to look at tbe trees, 
lakes, ami ni«-»dow» with soiireihlng more 
than a row* gmtic hut haxv satistai-tion in 
water, grasa, and sunshioc. %Yc may nut w 
ci-Murily sci- thing* just as the painter doc». 
but Ihe -rmntlus he give# uu to examine in 
ureter to agre-c or disagree i* an inU’llectual 
act which i* a tonic fur mind* weary of sor- 
did idea* 

The distinction of being the nrtixtic inter- 
preter uf Uentral Park, aud of Pn*»|wci Pttrk. 
Brooklyn, ha* come ro Mr. C'haf« scry nnlura! 
Iv.nDil witliuut specinl furethuughlun his part. 
He ha* iicm painting in Central Park foi 
si>ine yeara. anti he worked in Pnwpect Purk. 
Iliikiklyn. until the vulgar ataita' or a man 
Who is still retained iu its management forced 
him to leave drat fine Paik uuexphuni-d- not 
the first ease (ximref-tt-d with the tine art* 
will' ll was a confession of the general fail- 
ure of our niuniri|uri system Of the four 
llhisiraliotts taken from many painting* nf 
Central Park, only one include* a tnucii-vl* 
lied place. It Is probable that ” A Bit of the 
Terrace." with its liiti# bight of lake, moored 
row Imam. swan*, and graur slope#, mint ta 
**-»-u by ever) bod v wlm visits Central Park 
Obrerve how nirvly ptaetd in th# picture ar# 
the figure* of women mul children. Tire 
other three spot* *r«r rarely troubled by any 
but special lover* of lire Park, though Th# 
Lake fur Miniature Yacht* ” — ill# |aind above 
Inveiilora’ Gate, which is also culled Oflta 
m#ot«l Ware#— can ta seen from Fifth Avc 
mil-. Indeed, the gay sight of liltle sails 
teetering, and hi tie Ikivs awl girls msliiug 
along the margin. <an 'ta npi>u* uiled with 
isiil pasakng tlie Itmila of tlir Park. 

. This Ticw is taken from the south; Fifth 
Ayr'iuc is ju*t on lire right, nnd some uf lire 
honwriop* i»’t<mgtiif to thut riMirougiitare- 
peep iiharc the tn-e*. Mr. Chas*- show* riit- 
rrlnkled tawder# of the small lake nnd the 
agreeable grouping nf Ihc tr»s**; but the 
rut o*iiy partially irulicnlra tire eii<p, bngld 
coloring of the original, with it* flguiv* of 
ebikiren. half In sunlight, half in shade, the 
firm green of the sward and the sjxtrkle of 
the water. "A fiy-patb" Include* o«c uf 



328 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17M, 



W. M CHASE.— Duawk bt W T. Bmedlev. 


thine sections of rough rock work which give chancier lo 
runny nook* ami corner* of the Park ill l he mim« time that 
I hey nerve a useful end, Here, again, the ever-present nur*c 
ami child recall the punumes fur which Central I’urk ami 
many another park of New York liavo been established 
Their proper maintenance is a mailer which concern* the 
health of the fulurr generation; that i* tlie practical aide, 
fiul it is also one that concerns the rtiucaliun of the mosses, 
that is the able which interest* us Just now. 

" Tin- Nursery " Is a spot seen frum the rura of the Hudson 
Itiver llall mad. litilc frequented save by those who lire near 
East tUOih Sired. Here llowers are humsI for siiWqurnt 
transplanting to •►Uirr purl* of the Park; Iwre one finds Hint 
liertiliar mixture of straight lines with rrooked, of orderly 
ranks of mdllngs with frame* abandoned to the wibb-st 
growlli, which characterizes sin li places The riew b taken 
from the siutb. Ju*t lieyood lllC locust trees is the winding 
piece of water rnlleij Hortem Lake and on the other side of 
the heavy foliage ill the left ceilin' be* the old redoubt. The 
lail) in front to the left ha* obtained a dispensation from 
the rule not to piek the flowers. These are brilliant, us are 
aUu the while of her dress and hat ami the gold of the sun- 
shine falling on hedges and trees, mj that une gels from the 


ill ust ration hut little idea of llic strong, joyous coloring of 
the original, which was painted in the height of the morning 
sunshine. 

All lbe*e views were taken at a later season thou the pre- 
sent, when June wan in full leaf, and shallows were thicker 
and more vividly defined. Now tbe willow* are modifying 
the bright no** of their yellow with hints of green, and a va- 
riety of shrub* i* already brave with flowers. The almost 
phe’rv Is apt to tie more charged with vapor mid smoke than 
it will lie later, and tlir mass of tires maintains that feathery 
look and those tones of gray and brown which belong to 
winter, The gram, however, tallies with the turf shown in 
these pictures, for it lioa already received Its first If not ha 
second mowing this year — or shall wccwllitsliaving* There 
I* more sky visible through the Uvea, ami tbe shrubbery U 
less dense than it will lie; I be sparrows ore rejoicing with tbe 
gientest vueiferousneworer the fact tlud they have appropri- 
ated nil the nests and begun to raur families before tbe 
inulrt' bin I* finish'd tlieir courtship; the Park is full of de 
liciotu odor* of 'Topped pros* nnd opening buds. Tlic per- 
wilt season Is worthy of record iu the grayest, greenest, most 
azure of paint* Indeed, why should nut these exquisite 
scene* of Outral I ‘ark find their way from the artist* easel 


to the walls of citizens ns rnsily as pirlurr* of Niagara, or 
views taken in Lutctia PurUiorum? Few cities cau boost so 
beautiful a park ns New York. 

Considering ila narrowness nud the way in which tbe 
reservoirs devour spare, Central Park is wonderful for tiro 
impression of size and isolation from the great city which it 
makes. This is partly owing to its naturally Iwoken surface, 
hut more to the cleverncs* of the landscape engineer, who 
has managed to conceal the narrow limits of the pleasure- 
ground by skilful diqsoilion of lim and slimlm, ami by tlir 
direction given to roads. One might r*w-on that among the 
thousand* of welUn do persons who ine the Park there would 
Ise certain lumdr'd* who would like a picture recalling thl* 
or that spot, particularly if the arll*t were clever amt dis- 
tinguished. There i* hope, then, tlml .Mr. Ulmse may hereafter 
combine a misonable financial success with the 'pursuit of 
landscape ami figure work in the way lie prefers; for Ilia 
picturrs of Urntrai Park, while they ought to lie papular by 
reason of circuaudaDues, have all the jxiwildlilie* lie may 
demand for the printing of fresh natural subjects under tlie 
change* of light and shudow out of-dwirs. nud for tlie treat 
ment of llic human Agurr In a lurlght, unhackneyed fashion. 


Digitized by Google 


j|\Y 2, 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


ENGLAND AND THP. MANU’UM 
MASSACRE. 

It would almost seem as If England were on tlie 
eve of one of I boot Ininl experience* which have lieen 
periodic lu the history of her relation* with ludia. 

A feeling of riUeunlciil *-ein* to have taken posses- 
sion of Urge sections of (he native population, and 
violent outbursts of popular fury huve occurred in 
districts so widely separated us the Black Mouutalu, 
Denari-?, and Manipur. 

The Inst named place lias sprung into Immediate 
and Infamous notoriety. Our news from day to day 
for the last three weeks from that section of territory 
lias been not a little cinilmdictory . but contradictory 
and unrrrloiu as it lias been, it Las left no duubt us 
to tbe facts that Manipur (urn boon the scene of a 
most fiendish massacre, that tierce reprisals Lave al- 
ready lice n taken, and tlnit although the British troops 
nre bravely boldine Uicir owu. they are doing so 
against immense odds, and at very great peril, 

According to liilcsl news the trouble is nut ended. 

Tire delay experienced In putting down tine reta-IUrai* 
movement is to be explained by tbe fact that tbe 
ueurest Bnllsb station, Tamil, whence re enforcements 
could !*• forwarded is some seventy miles distant. 

Add to this that the roads nro had. tire country mouii 
tainoua. and that it is neemsury fur Hie troops to 
advance with the utmost caution. It is no longer 
doubled that Chief ('niumiasiimcr Quinton, Colonel 
t-hcnc, Lieutenant Sliupsou, and Mr Grlmwood.wlio, 
with others, were treacherously mude prisoners. hare 
been cruelly pul to death. It l* also considered cer- 
tain that Uir S inipiilly. the hrutlM-r of the Mnliurujali 
and of tbe Jobraj now lu power, has also met tills 
fate; tall whether bo perished in actual conflict or 
was killed by his own people to apfu-ase British wrath 
U not so clear. Lieutenant (irant, the hero of llio 
mawucre, who so nobly. w ith u mere handful of eighty- 
(Ire Gboorkns, cuptufed und hchl Fort Thohnl. has 
lieen re-enforced, and, according to the Intest advices. 

I* still holding Fort Thotial ngainst an nrmy of Uio 
Miuiipuris. The situation is rendered the uiorecritl 
cal. ami the need for skill and caution on the pnrt of 
the British commauder the greater. that tire Miuiipuris 
me tadioTid to liarc mime sixty-two prisoners in their 
possession. There is but lire dimmest hope tbnt among 
these tuny be Commissioner Quinton nnd lire olberi who an- 
sa id to have been murdered. It is probable that within a 
few days wo shall know the worst. Although these out- 
bursts are not encouraging to those who hope fur the eon 
(■nuance of British rule in India, there is hut small reason to 
• I- mlit that the difficulty will Ire ended, and Uiat. as usual, 
sw ift vengeance will Ire meted out to the Manipur! loaders. 

If lire reader will look nl the map of Asia lie will find that 
Manipur Is a small stale, mid Hint It lies to the northeast of 
British India, in tire heart of a high, mountainous region, 
with the Assam Valley on the north, Upper Utirmab on the 
cast and south, and Inc lacbnr district cm the west. Tile 
country covers an area of about (MIOO squuxo miles. The 
population lias beeu estimated as high as 231.000; but it is 
doubtful whether this U not too high a figure. They are a 
rude and barbarous people, aud the hill tribes ou every side 
of them being of tire sumo diameter, petty warfare of a sav- 
ngc and revolting kind wan formerly of commou occurrence. 
Tbe hills are densely wooded. India-rubber, tire tea plant, 
and leak nro found ill abundance. The soil in inuny parts 
is rich but undeveloped, while coni, iron, and gold are not 
wanting. England began ki have relations w llli Manipur at 
the time of the first Burmese war, und since that lime British 
officials have lieen helpful in maintaining tire legitimate gov- 
eminent in authority and in the maintenance of peace- A 
British Kcsidcni baa loug been stationed at the capital. This 



person lias lutlerly been under the control of Uio Chief Com- 
inissimicr of Asftam 

Since 1877 Ure British liuvc bad fmiucnt cause to Interfere 
for the purpose* above indicutcd. Ililherto, however, they 
have made no attempt to deprive the natirc rulers of their 
sovereignty. Tire present trouble In-gau with the royal 
family. The family consisted of four' hr others, the three 
elder being the Mahiunjah. the Jobraj. and the S;imi<utty. 
The second was regarded as the Ireir of the Maharajah, und 
the tliinl waa commander in-chief of the army. Tire Jobraj 
aud the trenaputty conspired against the Mabiirajali. wh<i, 
with hi* youngest brother, was compelled to reck refuge lu 
India, where they now are awaiting developments. Curry- 
ing out the traditional policy of tlie British authorities. Chief 
Commissioner James fi- Oulu too proposed to recognize tbe 
dafatia rulers, and K-t out for Manipur with itu escort of about 
four hundred men of the Forty-second Gboorkns, his object 
being to install the Jobraj, nnd to have the Senaputtr, a 
troublesome person, scut fur safe keeping to India. It doe* 
not appear that Mr. Quinton went about bin work In a suf- 
ficiently skilful manner. He made on open demand for the 
surrender of the commander-in-chief before lie inndc sum 
that be was in a position to enforce his demand. Armed 
with Enfield rifle*, the Mnnipuris were soon musters of the 
situation, and Qulutuu and his cumpunioua found them- 
selves helpless. The Jobraj is now regent. 

Such arc the main features of lire story of this Mauipuri 


329 


affair from Ibu commencement. It reraitlus to bo 
seen whether, the irouUe ended, the British will re- 
call tire Maharajah or annex the Manipuri territory. 
The Jobraj. having been implicated in the butchery, 
doomed 


THE RUSSIAN VIEW OF THE SEAL 
QUESTION. 

Tub St. Petersburg Journal, which Is the official 
organ of the llu-whiii Foreign Office, contains in it* 
number for March told style) n most remurkablc article 
on the subject of the Behring Sea controversy. It is 
written wjih every appearance of authority ami ju. 
dieial weight, and clearly betrays Its official irixpira 
lions. Notwithstanding lire traditional good will of 
ItuMla toward Ibu United States aud her hereditary 
nuinioslty toward England, it will be observed that 
the article, which diwls with the question from u 
stand-|ioint of iutcrustloiial law and of Russian his- 
tory, pronounces itself opposed to tire arguments of 
the’ Mtare Department in every particular. and atrung- 
ly endorses dir arguments of Ixirxl Salisbury. 

"The correspondence between Gnat Brilnin ami 
the United States with regurd to the fishing ami seui. 
lug rights in (be lk-hring Boa has recently lin n suli- 
mittrd to lire English I'uiliiimrnt. 1*116 AmericHiia 
put forward n claim for exclusive fishing and waling 
rights over a stretch extending aa far as 100 miles 
from tin- cowst.aud bat* it upon a ukase hearing the 
dole of I MSI. in which Emperor Alexander 1. dei-Taml 
that tbe right of fishing und sealing In Ure Bchriug 
Sea was restricted to ituonan*. The government of 
the United (States argues that inasmuch as it areiuiml 
by the purchase of Alaska all the rights which Ruasia 
pi stressed in America, it bus likewise become rtutlUd 
to ail our former advantages nnd privileges in con- 
nection with tire Behring tea. England oppose* this 
view on the ground that the modem /irs gentium, or 
law of nations, draw not in any wny legalize the are 
(inisilion along with the purchaae of Alnskn. or au- 
thorize the continuance, of u privilege which, although 
snncllonod by u tiknsu of Kui|iCMr Alexander I., can 
only he regarded in tbe light of a ‘ uxurpailjuti ' on 
the |»art of the Kutelan government of tbtnc days. These 
■ ■hjections are endorsed by the Lomlon Time*, ShtntUtnl, and 
Morning Po*t. 

“ It i* annoiinn-d tbnt the I'nited Stale* and Great Britain 
have now decided tu submit tbe cuutrovcray to international 
artiilration. 

" In order to be able to determine the exact extent of I lie- 
imperial rights of tire United Stales over the seas that wash 
the Alaskan shores, it b necuuuuy to define the waters which 
ran be considered as pertaining to tire const slate*. In *d 
dillon to the tracts of water which an- located within the 
territorial boundaries -such a*, for instance, river*, creek*, 
nnd estuaries — Ure coast waters, as well as the waters of ul 
most landlocked bays, belong to tire coast state. With re- 
gard to the bay waters, the boundary is generally drttued by 
means of a straight line drawn from tire point of otw of Ibu 
promouiorics to Ure other, everything within that linr being 
included in the zone. With regiad to the limitation of tire 
coast waters. Uie most contradictory opinions prevailed un- 
til, in tin- eighteenth century, the famous Dutch councillor 
Byukershock pul nu end to all controversy l*v formulating 
the well known axiom of, - Dominium trmr rinilur. ubi fim- 
tur urmoruin vis.* This was Interpreted by aome of the 
experts ou iotcniationul law tu mean the range of bcuvy 
cuuaan fired from the shore, while others assume it to 
denote a distance of three gragrnphicwl miles. Tire only 
correct Interpretation, however, uml the ouu which ho* 



HANIPURI WARRIORS AND FAMILY. 


Digitized by Google 


330 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 17* 


lirt-n in laic rear* endorsed by Harburgec, 
IVlIill) an<i Itimling, is to the effect (but 
(lie zone of juriMlic-liuu In Coart water* is 
aituated at a distance of limn geogniplii- 
cal mik* (itiunl to oil* big marine mile) 
from shore. this bring reckoned u tin? aver- 
age range of a cannon fired reuwarri fiom 
(lie Umcli Tlii* definition lias been recog- 
nized and officially nrrc|*lrd a» vnlld by mrol 
of tli« maritime nation*. In tire official re- 
ports of llir (ieniian cuv crunren I on the *1 tn ml 
lllg of till' Mcarn ship fkulm-hUntl. nml nl*o 
hi I lie preface lollie imperial statute* drilling 
with maritime disasters, e united at Berlin, 
1877, Ilw llirre-inile zone i* ilisllru tlv accept- 
til ami recognized as valid Bmli England 
and lira L'nilcil Slate* have rcpeiilctlly recog- 
nized the legality of the then- mile zone in n 
similar liiaoner ’ In tbc venr 1710 the t inted 
Stale* of North America officially sntiuuireed 
that her rule, jurisdiction, and profession ex- 
tended I hive English geographical mile*, or 
one marine mile, out to wa. in tin- Anglo- 
AiiM'riean treaty of IIN Article XXV. reeng- 
nixe* the three-mile zone a* well a* live eao- 
noti ranee none, and declares 1 1 win to lie idem 
lical. The Anglo-American Ircaty ol Oclober 
20, IBIS, reiterate* Hie anmc clause. In the 
Anglo-French treatr of Aiigunt 8, 1889. |aar- 
ngrapbs 9 ami 1(1. dealing with the fishery 
right* in tbc English Channel, again reeug 
nlzr the three mile zone, identifying it with 
the cannon range zone. Moretiver. llie Eng 
li»h rarliamcnt iu 1878 pnsuri a law known 
a* tlie Tertilorial Water* Jurisdiction Act, 
confirming the name definition of the three- 
mile Zone. It I* clear, tlren-fore. that tlie 
government of the United Slaton of America 
has ul various lime* officially rectignized ami 
agreed lo the legality of the three mile zone. 

"The only question which, therefore, re- 
main* to he di-nil with la the claim of lire 
American government to exercise sovereign 
| tower over a tract of the open or high sea. 
and lo monopolize the fishing right*, to the 
exclusion of nil other nation*. 

" In the Middle Age*, and even a* late na In 
the seventeenth century, the rlnini* lo ex- 
clusive ownership of portions of the ocean 
and of open or high were not unusual. 
The republic of Venire claimed the exclusive 
jurisdiction and sovereignty of the Adriatic. 
Genoa put forth similar pirleusiotu lo the 
entire Gulf of Lvons. Those of Portugal 
conipn*cd the entire Indian Ocean, a* well as 
the Atlantic south of the list itnde of Morocco. 
Those of Spain included the whole of the 
Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico Tur- 
key claimed the Blnck Sea; Denmark and 
Sweden, the Baltic, nnd England. tlie waters 
by which it Is encircled, it* well ns the North 
Sew Sinew the lieginning of the seventeenth 
century these views with regard to the high 
seas have undergone a gradual amt at the 
same lime radical change. One of (be earli- 
est champions for tile freedom of tlie high 
tv us, and for the espial rights thereto pos. 
sensed bv all seafaring nations, wa* the his- 
torian Hugo Urotius, whose book eolilletl 
Mart Ubtrum still remains one of tire moot 
Important nnd *(iindard wc'k* on the *ul* 
Ject, An Englishman. John Sheldon, at- 
tempted lo demolldi tin- arguments of Un>- 
till* in a pamphlet, to which he gave tbc 
i lie of Muir (Visas mu. But bis efforts 
were in vain; and at the pretteni day all 
jurist* and all legislators lire agreed that Ike 
high *cas are free, and that no one pnawwea 
the slightest exclusive tight to live sovereign 
tv oi o» in rdiip of any portion thereof. When 
live United Stutri* government base* its claims 
on tlie ukase of 1821, it in unmindful of llie 
fact that the modem or law of 

nations, distinctly denouner* claims of this 
chtiracier a* illegal, and that if Alaska had re- 
mained under Russian rule thn ukase of JtKil 
would have become invalid and obsolete 

■■ |t i* worthy of noie. moreover, tlwt lliis 
ukase of 1881. upon wlilrli the United States 
government base* it* claim*, did not remain 
i'll force very long. For already three yearn 
later, on April .7. 1824, we find that our (lira 
iiu*»iiin) government signed a treaty or con- 
vention with Uie United Slate* dealing with 
the right* of tnivjgntinn and fidn-iy i n the 
liortbweM enw*t ul North America In llils 
cotivrntion no allusion or reference of any 
kind is made to the right* claimed III the 
ukase of 1821. On the contrary, it stipulate* 
in Atticle I that "the subject* of the two 
signatory power* shall iu no w l«e I*' debarred 
or prevented from nnvigaling and fishing in 
any portion of the Pacific Ocean. They axe 
also at liberty to land everywhere, and to 
trade with the native*. 

” An absolutely identical clause will be 
found in Article I of the treaty between Russia 
and England concerning the northwest coast 
of North America wlileh wiissijpied on FVIwu- 
arv 10. 1825 It i» therefore cleurly inunlfc-l 
that at the time of llie sole of Ala*ka to the 
United Stab* the Russian privileges for ex- 
clusive fishing in Hit- Behring flea. claimed 
under the llkaan of |M2t. had long before 
hern ahandoned tuid iwswd out of existence 
The United State*. therefore bus no justili 
cation for basing it* Behring Swu chilm* on 
the alleged prow-don of !ht*e right* by Rus- 
sia at the time of the transfer of Alaska, for 
we did not ul the lime poMma any right* or 
privileges of tlii* character. moreover, tire 
pretensions of the United Slate* in tlii* mui- 
Irr are iu absolute contradiclion lo live most 
elementary prinripl>- of lute-iunin-unl law, 
That portion of the Behring Sea which falls 
witkiu the three-mile zone of the American 
continent L* the only portion of the Pacific 
Ocean over which the l nited Stales pot»~“es 
sovereign and exclusive fishery right* That 


part of tbc Behring Sea which lie* beyond 
three mile* from the American dry land I* 
hi nt liberum, aud fib fisheries are free to oil 
nations." 


WORLD’S FAIR BUILDINGS. 

tub Bi.Krnttr.xi. nrn.nrso 

When Van Brunt Sl Havre, the K minis 
f'ity architects, undertook lo design the build- 
ing for the electrical display at the Colum- 
bian Exposition they were struck with one 
leading thought It wa* this: tbc structure 
liny liad in hand wa* for tlie purpose of 
showing to the worhl m Urgr what moilem 
genius. Invention. discovery and scientific aim 
hod done for tho world in electricity. Un- 
questionably tbc greatest stride taken in clec- 
trlcal discovery was taken when a mean- was 
found whereby the subtle current couki lie 
gathered up in llie band, so to *|ienk, and 
made to blossom out into it* hirin'*! and 
moat Minlikc manifestation— Light. How. 
ever intricate, however ingenious, however 
complex and mathematical, may lie the till 
plex telegraph key. the telephone, the plus- 
in 'graph, or the motor, none of them will ex- 
cite the linaginallun nr suggest wlili such 
literal rigtrifirancr the advances of tbc age 
na will the dazzling Incandescent globe of 
pure white light. 

Aud so tlie chief desire of the designer* 
was lo furniah a structure admirably calcu- 
lated to bring out prominently this feature 
of the ‘Indies in electricity. They ret to 
work with an attention to detail, a* well aa 
to general outline, with tliit leading thought 
before them, ami they have turned into the 
construction department of tire Fair a build- 
ing that will supply an opportunity for an 
electrical illumiuatinn never iitlcinpled even 
in Pari*— the cradle of contrivance In artifi- 
cial light, aud the boldest venturer iu gran- 
deur of scale of this aort. The towers of tire 
building, the great open portico in the ave- 
nue. the fing staffs, tire mural I*)'* ami pro- 
jection* nnd tlie window*, were all studied 
mid experimented upon and redevired. In or- 
der that no chance might lie overlooked. 

The dimensions of the building are gener- 
oiw. am) yet complaint hit* been made by lire 
gentlemen of the department that it I* alto- 
gether loo small for the purpose. This com- 
plaint U just, and it I* poariblc that tire build- 
ing will be ealurged. However, its dlmen- 
rimo.n* now understood. are 704 feet in length, 
nnd 8.70 feet in width. The area covered by 
it i* 211. tMl foet.or 4.65 acre*. 

Iu accordance with the agreement of tire 
architect* who were awignrd tire designing 
of the building* on the quadrangle, the order 
of the Italian Kciialutaucc wm followed by 
the gentlemen in Kansas City. Blit this 
agreement did not restrict them to any meth- 
od of distribution, and tire electrical build- 
ing will he of singular beauty in point of 
mural treatment. From each corner of the 
structure will tower up a pavilion over which 
will rise a spire to lire height of 149 feet 
Ik-lwcrn Ux*c and the central pavilion* there 
will be a subordinate pavilion, with a kiw 
square dome on an open lantern In all t lie re 
will be tcu spire* ami four domes, amt It is 
lirllevctl by tbr designer* that the multipli- 
city of there prominence* will aid largely in 
brightening the rigidity of rectangular con- 
struction. and am in l materially in clollilng 
the building with a lightness niid an airiness 
appropriate to its purpose. 

Much study was spent In beautifying the 
pavilion*, winch will lie the centre* of at- 
tractlveoew in the entire design. Tire fea- 
ture of lire north pavilion will W a sweeping 
netnirirvuLar window. Above it, or 108 feet 
higher than the ground grade, is designed a 
colonnade forming an open loggia, from 
which uu otuei-ver commands a flue view 
over the lagoon nnd tire groumU generally. 
The eastern, western, and southern pavilion* 
partake of the Corinthian order, nnd are all 
mist imposing. The feature of lire southern 
pavilion i* it* niche covered by a half dome, 
perhaps 78 feet iu diameter and 103 feet Iu 
height In tire centre of the nicbr will be 
placr-d a colonial statue of Franklin, the fa- 
ther of electricity. 

Tire wall* exteriorly will he of staff, which 
can he wrought Into ilre exact effect of mar- 
ble. This will Ire lire prevailing cokic, but 
the portico* and loggia are to be various- 
ly enriched with n generous use ol colors, 


harmonious throughout and delicate in tone. 
The detail* of tire interior will be made or- 
nate with enriched pediment*, panel*, fri.-zes, 
and spandrel*. On Uie frieze in cadi bay 
ia to be the name of eotne discoverer or in- 
ventor. There name* will preserve a chro- 
nological order, and will represent chapters 
iu the history of the evolution of ibn science 
of electricity. 

TIIK WATKR rAl.ACK, 

Without don hi, the most spectacular fea- 
ture of the Columbian Expo*iti»n in ( liirngo 
will Ire lire palace of water, which I* to be 
erected on one of the island* of the water 
site. The building has been designed by Mr. 
William F Smith, whose father planned that 
rettmrknlile hit of engineering, tlie Thame* 
Embankment The water palace will be 
hared on a circular foundation 2.10 fret in di- 
ameter. anil of nearly lire same measurement 
in height. In looking upward from lira in- 
terior centre, one will sec a great transparent 
dome of water rushing downward over a 
framework of glass- The cxiontruction will 
Ire of rteel lattirc-work and glass, and in a 
horizontal section will be in shape of a hol- 
low Maltese crow From the ceiitio to the 
apex of the dome will rise a hollow pillar, 
and on thn apex of the Irembplicrc of water 
will face, diversely, mndelsof lire three klilpa 
of Columlma, of like size, capnhle of accom- 
modating tUNi olmcrrciw. Tire *uppnrtlng col- 
umn will, iu harmony with lire oilier interi- 
or, bn in raw'd with tinted gtauthat will con- 
ceal the Htructural iron The illumination 
within, ‘Inning through It. will render the 
effect of a pillar of fire Thu* at night, un- 
der the glow of the colored electric light, tire 
palace from within and without will funiiiti 
a spectacle of apleudor calculated to make 
tire heart of a Nero throb wildly with won- 
der. 

Tire hall pillar* surrounding and uphold- 
ing the dome will Ire of square latticed gird- 
ers. and the entire structure will he visible 
to lire observer within it, Between the di- 
agonally intersecting lie rods will he glass— 
a trick of architecture that will give to (be 
extrrior an aspect conveying the impression 
that tire w hole building is made of thnt Iran* 
parent substance. The galleries will form 
circular truatre* to lake the thrust of the dome, 
and to coiinlcraet the Interior overhang, and 
resist deformation by wind pressure, Thn 
first gallery will he 88 feet high, tuid the sec- 
ond 100 feel. Around the bare of the dome 
without will run a promenade. r> >n»t meted to 
hold more than 500 people. It i* lire desire 
of lira premsotem of the water palace that it 
lie ured as a re*ort for visitor* to tlie Expo- 
sition. and the space* within It* interior have 
been arranged so thnt many co"l nnd refresh- 
ing rr treats will Ire provided for throe that 
desire to escape the heat 
The design of the building h a circular 
hall, surmounted by n transparent dome nf 
water, on the summit nf which ride tire three 
ship* of ColumbtM that first vighieil lire New 
Wnfld. In the centre of tire iMiildiiig I* the 
targe stand pipe, from which will gurii the 
circular sheet of water whose cascade Hows 
over the domed roof. Around the base nf 
the dome i* a circular parapet forming a 

S roorenade under till* miniature Niagnrn. 

•om winch visitor* may admire alike lira 
play of tire sunshine ou the falling water ov 
the extended view brlow. For throe who 
mny prefer a more exnlted position and a 
Mill wider view there will tie elevators which 
will carry tlrem to lire apex of lire Item!- 
splirre. w here Sortln TrinitM, hi Ibntsi, and 
.Slant ifiiria. in all their old-time qualnttiewi. 
will tie llreir historic footliokl. A* did thnae 
who originally trod there decks, visitors to 
tho Exposition will sec around nml liencath 
tlrem n glotw of water sparklmi! and rushing 
in tire sunlight. Ilut it* sounding echoes will 
come not from the rock* of Sen Snlvulor. 
but from the iron ]Minip.-ts encircled by the 
latest Bchievemenl* of Ann-rktan civitizatinn. 
The water eddies nnd flotra not Into l**ys 
and eatuaries, hut down tlie holkiw iron col- 
umns, and not Idly either, but furnishing In 
its fall power for the elevator system, and 
motor strength for other work* In the Expo 
sition ground*. The water i* not quiet until 
it reaches the hare of the liiilldlug, where 
it form* on aquarium, iu which the visitor 
may walk through subaqueous galleries of 
glare among all munner of maritre fauna. 


while high above, at the summit of the glis- 



tening hemisphere, tire ship* of Columbia 
are In free air. sighting it continent. 

Acer** to the priimi-nnilr around the hue 
of the dome will he bad by mrnns o( rim 
tors just inside tire main entrances The n 
ternal canopy over the promenade rervm >. 
a slicitcr. and also as a screen ami reflwi.ir 
for tire electric lights, which are lo he iu»w 
iblr except for their light thrown on the 
Bloving water A simple nreehauicjil *r- 
rangemont will provide lor an infinite varirty 
of kaleidescopk; changes in lire color of the 
light, wlilclr woukl make lira night tupn-t ol 
the water palace an iridescent globe of su 
perouturul beauty. 

TUB MINING BtTLDINO. 

One nf lira largest liuildingsof the Expo-i. 
lion will lie that devoted to lire mliiiug and 
invUillurgli- Interest* of the country. The 
structure is lira design of Architect S. S 
Bcnian. of Chicago, whose plan* have breu 
appmred nnd accepted by the board. The 
dimensions of the liuihling arc 700 by 830 
feet, nnd its architecture Is iu tire order of tbr 
slately French Renuissoncr At each corner 
will rise prettily dealgued pavilions, near 
which the wall* will he from eighty to nkiretr 
fret high, while llreir height elsewhere will 
be about sixty feel. The pavilions at the 
northern ami southern ends will be :w f. ct 
wide nud 110 feet high. No subdivisions 
Iihv« la-en made of lire space within the Mile 
riorof the building A great gallery lias been 
dreigued, however, thin will lie fid f«a la 
width, and will extend along the entire 
length and breadth nf lira hall, reached liy 
»lmr flights just 'Inside tile entrance*. Tlie 
material used in its coiuuurUoa will be of 
iron. w ood, and staff The appropriation al- 
lotted U> the mines building i» rather low— 
BH.70.lXW -when compared with the outlay 
on the other departments. 



One hi 1 nuked and twentt teahb ago M. 
Du Kempeh-n aatonislred Europe with hi* 
automaton rhea* player. Fifteen years later, 
after humbugging "lirota of tire brightest 
players on tire Continent, be aold the se- 
cret to a crowned bead for a good round 
sum. When Frederick was shown the con 
coaled player, lie was so disgusted that be 
caused the nrechanical figure to be thrown 
Into an old lumber room; Initio tire next geu 
e ration tire deceit was again revived, sold, 
and swallowed. So It has been w Ith athletic 
reform*. Every time lire old automaton of 
law making which shall run itarlf in purity 
haa been foisted upon the public, under ouu 
guise or another, we have not been long in 
finding peculiarities of ruling which soon 
discovered lire concealed tnaui pula tor within. 
Tlie exterior may humbug for a Hare, but 
sooner or later some one gets liehind tire 
flimsy tinsel with the lighted candle of in 
qulry, and find* Mr. Soand-so. the well- 
known, pulling tire firing* which make the 
puppet move the poor little pawns hither and 
thither, advance the knights and the bishops, 
slide the costlea, and steady even lire king 
and queen. 

The oreat difference and the saving 
grace of the automaton athletic purifier 1 * 
that, unlike the chew automaton, there alv 
always a number of Innocenit w ho assist it* 
working without tire slightest idea that It 1* 
a huge humbug. In fact, to them it is not a 
fraud, nml it is only when they find that tire 
pieces do not move themselves that they sex- 
they have been parties to trickery, nud go 
home in holy horror to wash their blinds 
There will always be professionalism amuug 
a certain rlassof nthletea. Monrv will slick 
to tbuir fingers, ami no number of well regu- 
lated associations con do anything more than 
make them keep it as dark as possible. But 
why do we have deceit about it? Why are 
nut all prufemiouali. open and avowed? He 
cause setin-amatenrism pays far better So 
the gouts get in among the sheep, nnd no one 
cun M-pimte them. 

And wmt can no ose separate them? 
Must we ackriow ledge ournrl vus bo complete- 
lv eusnared that U is impowible to unravel 
tire nirshr* that entangle ua? Or are our 
efforia fur freedom so feeble that they but 
nerve to entrap us the firmer? To wliuni 
must we look for deliverance? Obviously, 
tlie large Mlilctir clubs, wbroe lllieral patrou 
age and thick-skinned moral* liave nerved to 
build tip tilt* elaM of maaqileradiug priife-i- 
siixinU It is directly cknrgcnblc lo the off! 
clals of the New York Athletic Club and the 
Manluttnn Athletic < lull, Ire it said to Ihclr 
everlasting sbatire. that this chux of "slug 
gem" lia* grown opulent at lire expense of 
amateurism. Hud these dubs not encour- 
aged deception by their quratlonnble dealing* 
w ith them. the " slugger* ' w mild have imme- 
diately sought llreir proper sphere. But they 
base thrived, brought disgrace to the whole 
some sport of lioxiug. and be»uirclieti the 
fair name of amateur, and these two power 
fill athletic cl u 1st have Iraljied them do It 
Tliew! dull* — so their charter* tell ua— were 
oriranlztxl to "encourage amnteur sport." 
Angels ami tninisten of grace, defend us’ 

The New Yore Athletic Club reform 
txl very recently by declaring war ou this 
class, and voting lo replace them by pro 
fcatioual* that would light openly fur n purse. 


Die 


C.oog 


jut i mt. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


asi 


Tin- Athletic- Club cl»(n>cil it vn< 

pvwihle to give a faxing eutartainnent tint 
would have lli.' cntrie* of none but IWi lW«- 
imalcurs Much interest waa therefore token 
in the M A C affair of Hi* Ifflh; rvery oik. 
wi.m on the y*i riff to *rc llie amateur*. The 
(full came. to did Uie amateur*— tire tame old 
aul'-ninU-n. Dot . veil differently nttired oral 
tended. The affair wna very stupid. mid very 
plainly showed the Impossibility of intern [it- 
iag fu'rtti.'r MM-nlfaii amateur display «. Tin* 
MAC. inu»t either give up allrmptinu faix- 
Ing enleiudr-mciil*. or follow Uie example of 
the N.Y.A.C. in hiring prafemlomlo. In 
trati*iffc»*lr»jf the meat ruling of the A. A. I', 
the Malibu: :.iti Athletic f lub deserve* noil 
has itie severe*! censure of amateur* gnu-ral- 
ly. It is to be hoped the A.A.U. will pas* 
sentence lu proportion to tho offence. 

Turkic is so VORT that liu been ntlled 
upou to sustain so tnurh cftlumnv, is overrun 
by such n bonle of vandal*. and Inis withnl 
so much to cmnnicud It Wliv is it? To 
begin with, the nnus d ies mil Understand 
boxing, its entire conception of tin- an being 
a slugging match. scientific, and likewise 
enjoyable, in proportion to the quantity of 
blood spilled. It hits received its education 
from the prfoe-rlng, in which men mm their 
living by their success in knocking oppn- 
Drills sense lean. The same brute iustiiic-t l lint 
sets a couple of street urchins pummelling 
each other, delights In dog ami cock lights, 
also revel* in disgusting slugging matches. 
TJie public exhibitions of (Mixing having 
been more or less of this nature, it is not 
at nil remarkable, considering the hit of sav- 
agery that lurk* in mankind, that the popu- 
lar notion should hare grown to consider 
boxing tame which did nut consist of slug- 
ging. It is likewise perfectly natural that 
with the predominating style of boxing the 
■port should have become inonofiolircd by 
a class bent known as tho nig tug- boh -toll 
element, which has been brought up on slug- 
ging. and take* to it as naturally ns n duck 
to wnlrr. Those ignorant on the subject, 
which is equal h. writing down nine out of 
every ten men who profess knowledge, have 
but two ideas of lioxlng — either the slug, 
ging.or the gentle nit -a- pat sparring Tlie lat- 
ter co«iHiliui*« their Idea of Uie " •cjentlfle.'* 

Thkt know mutiiino of boxing: hard, 
clever, straight hitting; they derisively speak 
of it as lielnjr gentle, when, as » nnllik-Bii-'-l 
fact, a clean Mow from the shoulder in much 
more powerful than a swing. The reason we 
see slugging i» because the men know nothing 
of boxing; if lliey did, they would not slug, 
for It* umi i* a confession of weakness. Tfa 
general conception of the sport is erroneous, 
■imply because Its public exhibition ha* al- 
ways been by Uiis class of men, anil by fur- 
titer reason u'f the fact that the morbid curios- 
ity of the nvrragc man is fascinated hv Uie 
idea of a personal encounter in which there 
is a possibility of a copious flow of gore. The 
sport has become sn thoroughly impregnated 
wiUt tbl* dement, that gentlemen who fax 
naturally refrain from exhibiting their pow- 
er* on the stage where they are to meet the 
plug-uglies of the down town wards. There 
are -cotes of melt ill this city who box so 
well that I do not Trend the name of n single 
slugger who in Ibe saute class would he aide 
to hold his own. 

Boxin« is prec-urly what you make It. 

If you pul glove* mi a couple of touch*, 
tlie result wilt lie it light tilled with slugging 
and gore: if gentlemen put on the gloves, 
there will follow a contest equally a« de- 
termined. w itii blows probably stronger, but 
directed with judgment and skill, and re- 
ceived in like manner. The great difference 
between the slugger and boxer l« that tbe 
former stand* stolidly awaiting his opportu 
nily to deliver a knock out blow, actuated 
with but the one Me* of rendering his oppo- 
nent senseless, and trusting to fan laugh hide 
to withstand blows. The uoxer.on the other 
hand, is testing his skill with u fellow-club- 
man: his Mows are clean and strong, but he 
in* expert enough to avoid punishment, or. if 
not, iiis opponent is judicious in It* delivery . 
What holds good so far ns boxing is concern- 
ed is equally applicable to any other sport. 
If foils are pul Into tbe hands of two of tlie 
udk class that mouiipoli/r* piddle boxing, 
of what character will be the exhibition* If 
they wrestle, will not their course nature be 
evidenced? 

It is not tut- sport blit tlie element that 
pervade* it winch makes it* character If 
men put on the gloves for lire sole purpose 
of punching on* another into a state of in- 
■eotibility. why put on glove* at nil? The 
job can surely lie done much quicker whit 
tbe Imre fist* Indeed, if the ante idea is to 
knock one'* opponent Miaelew, why whsIc 
time with glove* or fist* when a stout slick 
certainly would lie much more effective? 
Why not take tin* butiou off your foil in 
fencing, and settle your adversary with Ibe 
first thrust? Why not throttle your titan nt 
once in wrestling, and have done with it? It 
is well enough to unite of •' how shall we Tu- 
rin* amateur boxing*" Tbe apart i* all right ; 
it's the muckers that tnonopoiixe it. ant) who 
will drag loto lli* tnire any game they take up. 

The qtnvnotr t» a«k is how shall we 
purge amateur boxing of ll»e rlos* of sluggers 
that infest* it? There are two ways to do 
this: firstly, by n uni versa) rule web as the 
New York Athletic Club ilopled a few 


night* ago. of confining trophies in faxing 
contest* to un-data, and limiting tfair value 
to twenty dollars; and secondly, by having 
judge* wlto thoroughly understand faxing, 
mid have the murage of tlirir conviction*. 
There are tnnny glaring faults tu tbe judg- 
ing nowaday*, foul* being of frequent aiul 
tinnolU-ed occurrence. It rests almost en- 
tirely with our huge club* to work out tbe 
salvation of amateur faxing. We long ago 
gave up all fajie of tbe AlllXlCUr Athletic 
Union doing »n. it makes too much money 
out of its annual chainiriotishlpN. If they are 
refused valuable trophies I Im- undroirublr ele- 
ment will lie found wanting. Rid once of 
thi* das*, and faxing will very soon attain 
the recognition iu public it must now seek 
fail i ml club door*. 

Arran the rxtr-ntK of th« New York 
Yacbt Club to secure entries for Its proposed 
man last season, a grciil hue ood cry vu 
rais'd in tlie newspaper* over the decline in 
yachting." Those tlml joined in the general 
wail of despair fell Into the proverbial error 
of looking upon but one side of the shield. 
They grasped only the fact that there were 
no entries to tbose rsces, and looked no fur- 
ther for reasons. To ajxe-rt that yachting is 
on iImi dcclinr. or even standing still, is to fly 
directly in the face of incontrovertible evi- 
denee that is to be found on every side. A* 
a matter of sober fact. Uie interest iu yacht- 
ing Im* grown steadily every year, to prove 
which, it t* only necL-saary to reckon up ihe 
number of fa-«* that have been built, and 
the increased membership of the dub*. 

The ALAttMiin* railed to sound the key- 
note of the situation, which it. that we are 
at present in a transition state. Instead of 
yachu that answer for cruiser soil racer, we 
Hud it absolutely essential, if we would cope 
with our dubaiMM, to have * racer distinct- 
ively. The days when a regatta was synony- 
mous of a high old time down tbe Bar have 
about passed away. Tfa taring spirit nns be- 
come no keen in our yachtsmen that all ener- 
gy is directed first and forrmixd to the busl- 
nea» of the day. Like every other depart- 
ment of »poit. tremendous advance I tax been 
made iu tfa performance* The ingenuity 
of daalgncr* and the improved seamanship of 
ow iters anil sailing maslcrs have all hud their 
effect Formerly ihe owners of a fair crnl*- 
er would put lrer in os good racing trim as 
pneslble. amt cuter. Gradually. with Uie 
yacht'* evolution, this das* of craft ha* lo»t 
all chance of winning, and hence we do not 
Gnd them entered. Thi* has all come about 
in a very few Years. Lo.it season the re»uit 
was *«n. All rndng interest *« cen- 
tred In tlie 40 footers, a claw with several 
new vacliiv Tin* year the 46-fontm arc at- 
tracting attention, next reason it will proba- 
bly fa some other class, nud so it will con- 
tinue until we have modern racing yachts in 
every cbu». It will not be necessary to search 
for entries in a year or so. 

Anil WHAT OP THE cnrtSEH*? In Interest 
to be lost in this direction entirely? Cer- 
tainly it was. from a racing point of view, 
last retuon. bat tlirre is small prospect of 
something being done this year ilwil should 
send tin- spirting iitoixl of yarlitRim-n tin- 

f ling through their veins. The Seaw-unlinka 
'orintliinn Yacht Club bn* hmg been con- 
sidering lire feasibility of giving race* exclu- 
sively for cruiser*, and just now is sounding 
its members on the subject. It is denied in 
know how many entries can ire positively 
counted upon licfore public declaintinn of 
Mich an event t* made There seems hardly 
any question as to the great faneflt sucli an 
event would lie to yachting generally. It 
lake* great wealth to follow racing closely, 
to fa at all in the swim. Year before ln*t 
much interest wn* excited in tho thirties, last 
year tire forth*. Ih is year the forty-six footers, 
next year something else. Every yachtsman 
cannot afford to build a new lx>»t annually, 
and hence many owirei* of good eredwre. 
dLicounigril so far os tlreir own chance* were 
concerned, have ton large extent lost interest 
gem-rally. Yachting cannot afford to low 
these men; they are the lame ami sinew of 
the sport, and their intcrett must fa sustained. 
If a majority of the ynchutnrn dominate* 
the question, the club will undoubtedly give 
a m<« for croiter* thi* year, and a popular 
one It will prove. 

The MosrjwrocRAarao sign of the times, 
however, so fur u* yachting is concerned, I* 
tire grant activity seen in lire smaller duawa. 
Partir-tiiarly I* interest concent rated on the 
new Gardner twenty ft vernier* now building, 
one each for L. J" Boury, t'. W. Weanorn, 
and O. G. Jennings It is proposed iu lhc*e 
faaw to make tcveftl experiment* that may 
fautilirisl later on in emit of greater dinreu- 
sion*. Ill other Worels, then- are working 
models, and, fatter still, they arc Incalculably 
valuable training sdwiala. It is very safe to 
say that tire yachtsman who begin* with a 
large fan! and Is-romr* n tirst clns* sailor is 
Ihe i-xi-eption to tire rule; the mxc of the crew 
mid the temptation to luxuriate work very 
strongly aunitist lire owners taking iw-tivr 
pnrt and gaining any practical knowledge of 
•''strmmiblp- With tire small craft it is very 
different On tbe twenty flve-rater*. for in- 
stance. your crew will not fa over three to 
four men. Including > ourself, and you will fa 
railed upon to lend a hand You are drillrd 
In tlie practical handling of a boat, you be- 
come a sailor, and when you own a largrr 
yuc lit will fa able, if you like, to take com- 


mand of Irer. In Englnnd this cIns* of hoot 
Im* long held popular favor, and (tic fast pos- 
sible re-sull* have come from It Till* year 
tire Hmall yacht racing season prantlM* lb fa- 
even mua- aelivs there than usual, which is 
Miying a great deal. 

Mr. E. I). Morgan's new yacht will fa 
christened tire Qlotianm. 

The POHT-RACiso season open* uexl Sat 
unlay at llcmpotcnd Farm. Meadow Brook, 
with a card ll»al promises «*une very go>ul 
sport. There are six events— a Itisiyard 
dash; a half mile, for Mnlileu*; a mile, for tbe 
Galloway Slakes; a mite and a half, over 
tight hurdles, for lire Flurry Slakes; a hunt- 
era' sK-epIc-chare. over »l>iut five mile* of 
fair hunting country, for tlie Meadow Brook 
Cup; and a consoladlon race of rt»« furlong* 
on the- flat. The nvait interesting event of 
tire afternoon will probably fa tire steeple- 
ebaae, for there are some rare good hunters on 
lM>ng Island, and keen rivalry exist" among 
their owner*. Last year the A. I*. II A. made 
its initial season a must Hiccessful one. and 
this year it starts off in much improved con- 
dition. 

Ip the crocMiTVKKs of the A. F.RA. could 
fa induced to have none hut gentlemen 
riders up, it i« lire opinion of n great many 
that it would obtain still greater support. 
But those nearest lire n**< -elation's manage- 
ment declare it Is inipmiMble U> gel enough 
genlleibcn to ride- So it is with the tdea 
DOW prevailing that unlesa he is the equal in 
skill of Mctsra Keene or Keruocboo or L. 
Jacob, there is little use of his riding. Tbe 
possibility of developing riders do« not ap- 
pear to have the cotuhteration of tire A.P.K. 
A., and yet there is a gswt deal that can be 
done in that direction. The muen d'i/rt of 
Ihp A .P.R A. U for sport pure and simple, 
not to make record*. If Urey lsirml prufe*- 
(ional jockey*, kept up the weights, ami 
made an effort to gi-t gentlemen riders, lirey 
would probably And tire matter not »o difli- 
cult after all. At preaent their Idea* on 
j-rekeysliip are too high. A man who r.nn 
fill low tire bound* enu readily, with a lit- 
tle experience, ride successfully at A.P. 
K.A. meeting*. The apei-taior* that go to 
these meetings are not drawn there to 
see professional* ride. Proferelonal nnd 
amateur absolutely cannot flourish aimul- 
tatH-otisly The tint thing we know, own 
er* will become so keen on winning and 
Inking every possible advantage, that ]Wo- 
fnoional jockeys nn the A-P-RA. track* will 
multiply; (hev Will drive out the amateur, 
and then— wall, we hare- aeon the same thing 
before. The Lltiuiblune Hunt Club at Wash- 
ington »ct* a good example: it permit* no 
proft-M-lonal riders in its club rare*. Its 
memfara cannot ride like several of our 
gentlemen jockey* here, but the meetings 
furnish rare good sport, and the grand stand 
ha* more spectator* than turn out probalJy 
during tlie entire A.P.R A. sewsoo. It must 
fa amateur or professional. There is do In- 
termediate course in pony-rweiug. 

Diesrrnt the tact that the Harvard crew 
changed fall week from the lrargc ta the 
shell, the improvement In general style nud 
Watermanship is marked. Cummings has 
recently bora working at live; Ranloul has 
taken poor Shaw's sent at three; and Newell, 
lire foot ball man. has been pul iu at faw. 
Rantoiil. Howera (at four), anil Cummings 
are. as I have before remarked milier light 
men for a varsity boat; fait there U tin* 
much to fa raid in favor uf tire Aral two: 
tlrey have spent a great part of their time, 
since entering college, on tire water, and Un- 
as well titled as any two men of tfa-lr weight 
lu Harvard. Generally speaking, tire crew 
work is greatly Improved. The I fata l* much 
fatter, and the oar*, in cou»equrnce. are mure 
nearly to^etfar at (he catch and flnldi. Tire 
wi>r*t point in the stroke they are rowing at 
prere-nt Is the recover. Tlrey do Dot gel 
away quickly, and there I* a bad hang at the 
full rvacli. due, in a great measure, to their 
trying to feather tlielr oare too gradually, 
anil then finding that they are not quite 
ready for the change when St comes. 

Harvard ts aonra-TO have. undoubtedly. 
* comparatively light eight to send *gain>t 
Yale, and unles* they Cun more mure quick- 
ly. they will not have the slightest chance of 
winning. No* that they uiu«l row forty 
to the minute; but If "they defeat Yale, 
it must he in tbe quickness with which 
they cun make tbe cliange* at the catch 
and finish. If even the smallest fraction 
of a second can fa gained at ibeve two 
points, rowing practically the same ntimfar 
of strokM per minute, it will count heavily in 
their favor. Tbe rrrw ho* been doing very 
little pair oared work. Keyes was with the 
mm la*t week, but did the coaching through 
Adams. Watson was out with tlreni one-fay 
Thu men are now rowing: M. Newell, ls>w; 
F. Lryman, two; X, Ranloul. three; J. C. 
Powers, four; C. K. Gumming*, five; 1). R 
Vail, six: G. II. Kclton. seven; T N. Perkins, 
stroke. It tuny fa interesting tocolk-gr men 
to record tlie "amount of work done bv tire 
Ilarvnn) crew last week: Monday, eleven 
mile*: Tm-sdny (very windy l. eight inlle"; 
Wednesday, nine mile's. Thursday, ten miles; 
Friday (tlrit time in shell j, eight tulles; Sat- 
urday, nine miles. 

The Yale chew took a hard four -mile 
pull hut week tu teal Lire nreltie uf the men. 


Tire result was very satisfactory Ifagcrmna 
did not turn a hair, while Heffclfingor was 
D-aiiy f-r more lU-fli-lflugvr. by the way. 
ha* tn*iic great improvement, and will un- 
doubted I v go to New fa-ndun. Just at ibe 
moment bo i* pulling too much muscle into 
his work. Tina is easily toned down, how 
ever. Pay ire coniiuire* an uncertainty, as 
doe* frothy. The question M to whether 
Bailie lean go lank a* far aa he does on Hie 
recover and continue good for four inili-s 
remaius unanswered. He ri very •uong.nnd 
might lost. It will la- rrnremfa'rnl that Gill 
had the *0101- fault. StmriH wav sick for a few 
days, and Gi-uhi was put at stroke, lie has 
done so well there a* t-- make him ft candidate 
for tire aval. A* I sauI la-i weak, Siiunw is 
n very good oaraman, tfanigh fatter adapted 
to follow than ret the pace. Ho would n>a«- 
n great acquisition at two if Gould should 
prove to have tbe peculiar abUjty for stroke. 
Generally j| waking, the men arc nil iinprov- 

lag- 

Thk columie nine*, eajiecinlly Yale and 
Harvard, have slionn great improvement 
ill the post week. Tbe former appears to 
fa developing its raw malt-rial io a manner 
tliat denote* the blue will fa- very much " iu 
It." Murphy. Case. Cushing, McClung, Ked 
Eh?. Bower*, nre doing tlie fast of tire men. 
and showing all ewniestuess in the work llist 
I* very commendable. Huntington is also 
earnest enough, end if he nvereunien bis ten. 
dency Id fumhlc, will make a *tm«g player 
Tin- gicaiesl inqienvi-nient iu Harvard's work 
has been in the steadier play of the men. 
The fatting average has also gone up, IK-an 
particularly diMlngiilUilng himself. What 
playing Princeton has -lone show* tbe correct- 
ness of in v remark* a few Week* ago; if, that 
Cafaiiin (fan* would have Id* hands full to 
keep bis riven hi the top notch of tlreir play, 
'flie nine is sustaining uow the natural result 
of tlie remarkable form shown *0 early lu 
the Kcarem. The irveu are deftaitcly dcr nl---l 
upon: Young, p., Brokaw, <;.. Italia. 1st h. 
Durell, 3d h.. King, 8d b, Knickcrtmcker. 
a, Payne. 1. f., \Y right, c. f.. Brown, r. f , 
and Bergen. Ltrake, and Spooner, sufatitutes. 
Captain Dana had better take the advice of 
tliis column, nnd look out for a gufalitute 
catcher. 


Titu I*oio Association bandirajw, revi*<Hl 
April Mill, nre puhIMied here for tire Aral 
time Teams and pairs whoso baudicap* ag- 
gregate lew than their compeUtuni w ill fa 
allowed the number of goals between their 
own handicap and that or their competitor* 
comm cun fi(»TVe».WUHrCsp > 

1 (tONhV.t; T. A. Iliw-nnw. Js*., I ; K. C. Hut- 
t«r,4; M um. 11 So.rj-,0; K A. u ; J. M. W 
s — .... s pu*u r ,A: L hwfcaui- 8; C. E U*. . 


»»KX COCItTT COCBTRY CLUB. 

< t otors; WARS M-Lrl, Or*»o« Csjt 1 
r. F.CVtffisr.S; J. Dstlree, Jsn .4; Powers F*tr.«. 
C. A. H-Kkal-rr.o; C. L. Kis>«ller.*; C II. Ue. I : t- 
rinr.t; C Ftasrr.f; It. KotiliMun.t; H. SctImmIcV. 
a: W W TmOer, U, 

HARVARD POLO CLUB. 

IColon; All Crlmw-n, LrtlM H i 
L It Axorelii, 4 ; J. A lUnli-ii, Jan.. 4 : C R Itremr, 
t ; A. Melt UrlsmiU, I ; r C. Ifail-twln, 4 ; H- K. Vt,- 
f*t, J ; J It 1L 04lU-ilu, 1; J. B Eurlrs. Jus . I. 


IIIMillAM POLO CU R 
AMrn. 0; P. I 

«iuji«L Jo^o- 1 r. 1 . UreikK oTf. a Ummyfi ; hnU 


A. H Akk-11. n; P. H. Pi,, II; (hrep & Oai-P, Mi 
hue, n: I'tfff U, llrmili-i, •; ¥ 
. - »*.,«; r .u. D- ' ••• “ ” '• — *»— - 

LCw.t; it it. Rnillu 


MEADOW HROOK cl JR. (OeAres; sty Blue. I 
A HHlmi.nl.. Ian, •; II. W. ttlnt.»: C Csm.II,*; T. 
BlielMi-ra, Juo.. J; tl lt-.-H.vrii,*; a |t Hiu-J. I; 
K. II WU-lW-p. #; K. I. Wtntliro]-, J.,.. , 4; «. Wll- 
tar-*vs ®: H. V. R K-nnnl,. 1; E VS. Rnh,.i; K. Irr« 


OrNirxs Lard Ds*. V: N 




Br»*v Laed. 4; Bri-reuiln Nlf- 
4; fttrpfaii w hi Uiry.lt: W. 


MYOPIA POLO CU B 
ICotorsi Ltglil Blue. While HsaX sad Cs*> I 
M K. A bl-oll, 0; R. M. Applmin. 6; A. V. U.iWnrr, 
J; Norman, 1 ; I'utwr.l: Fn-Wriik H. 

-I; Itols-ii it. „ ml, 4; John Wrtgtir. a; 
’ 4*<*»v I’. Kiintr.t! 4Uwv» L. »ri- 

sn, *: Pmnk SMiimrv, •; rrele itek 

It-pkisH, u ; Oeurg* L X 


ell, I : s. 


OYOTER BAY POIZt CU'R 
iCnlnrs! While Hlnu -v, H-rt Cip.) 

,T. R Vaa Sclis-rli. n; ItamVeH llown-li, 1 ; Kr».- 
ctr T l istrrlilt.. Ii llrnr, V.« J|. M-vrr, u; J,*on A. 
WntunJore^u; W. H Hcwm-Ii^ 11 ; Allrol K--j*rstii, 


PMtLADBLPIHA COTMTHY CLUB. 
tColoia: Blrek Rtoree, WEiu- Cap, 1 
H.C. (Is war, 1 1 H. P McKean, t ; It. Vote I 

i : p *. f. r 

Dirk, *: W 
ihII, ■ ; I. K 
bMk 

TUXEDO POLO CLUB. 

Ifahsnt MnrtlnHT.4; PlrfTi- UetllsrU. Jan.,*; fal 
T-eker— ui, 4; He.lvrl T. King, a ; W.lkrr Uit.sk 
S irilri.. «■: 4m» T- Prvnrh, u ; T It th-mlium. * ; 1; 
t. Kiim.hl-.i-; Drlalii:, Nlmll. ♦ ; WhihIhII UiM-dwin, 
• ( W. f llainiato*-. u ; lilrawt Pc-li-r. IL 


RflCKAWAY C 
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332 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. xo. vn. 



T1IK BOSTON CHAMBER OF 
COMMERCE Bl’ILDING. 

be 1KS5 the merchant- iist.K.-wtione known 
os the Boston < '<ioimnrri.il Exchange nod the 
Burton Produce Exchange united to form a 
corporation under the mime of the Denton 
Chamber of Commerce. The new orgnniza- 
tion has been very prosperous, its success ex 
ending the expectation- of its mofct sanguine 
promoters. In its list* in onroDed the name* 
of the representative bud tics* men of Hiotoo 
Its membership is constantly increasing by 
drairahle additiona, and its last year's roll 
of SH« members will 
prabuhly reach the 
number of 1300 this 


The stated objects It'' 1 ' JR Wf \W n ’ ^88^ 

of thU association are IL » JL{ 

2 . 5537 “ km¥i r £\ '■ i M 

fortuity in commcr- W '1 *• F , \ 

cial tuages, to acquire, Ik . ^ /£■*> -f***8ik*/ at- St ' J, 

procure. aod dtiaem- £ s VV^ ^ 1 >fS3 ■ - Ei 

I mile valuable busi- . /l 1 V - 4 

n«* information, to iirfflnwiin.1 i 'Iff I £f j > 

adjust controTcnuca *1?' ' /■ ‘in'll -5 ti** , ***\~~Z ■> I!*' ?»ft ti, 

eEksSSS: 5 

£CS .fiftf * 4 ** 'I * ' i: 

I'H | i --jWPlli 

mcnl, and utaHue and "**' J ‘fl 

tion in Helds remote _ - •’ •>■■ ». —. . ' - - . . / ty\ 

from Boston, but oon- -.- 

WA-ted w ith llby ©nmmcrdal ties. The pre- storage, and the remainder of the space will v 

sklent, Mr. Alden Spean is a bij-liu.-«-> man be occupied by beating, lighting, and rend- * - — „ :^t 

of high Maoding. a men hunt who ha* been inting apparatus Two large, rapid, hydrau- 

prominently connected for a long period lie elevators will run from the first floor to 

with wrote of tbo greatest transportation en- the top of the building. — _.■>-* 

terpriscs in this country . The second floor is divided into large office 

So flrnily established and prosperous lind roomi, and the third floor U to be devoted 
the ttew- organization become ut an early |ie- wholly to the official uses of the Cliamlier of -■* 

Hod in Its history that last year the coasirnc Commerce. The tmnrd nsim is sltuatrd In ^ 

tion of an cdilicc designed to he used oh a the corner which includes the lower abutting 
commercial exchange was set tinder wav by upon India Street anti Central Wharf. This 

the Chamber of Commem.-, uud its cornet- room, the tnuiu one of the building, lias an BOSTON 4'IIAMBBK Of coin 

stone was laid, with appropriate, ceremonies, area of 4300 square feet; It b circular In 

on Momlay, September 21). 11-90. form- 73 feet in diameter, with a dame ceil- nnv i *p nvnrtii 

The site of the pioposcd building, which ing. the apex of which is !W feet above the lililVA 1 Ur. LI IS 

will lx- one of the llaest structures devoted tloorT This great a|nrtment is to la: litltd Arc acfoinpllslinl by it-zeeoas nen anil watacu i*ur 
to a similar purpose in America, is near Use with it panelled wainscoting, above which the ofbrnlo, lithe oCI!»b, with plenty rtstiiimiu. only by 
water side, at the corner of Ihat great com pinalering will be decorated in colors. Over pnmaiiigdxastkiiinuilMlniUailuuauyUistsnaliU 
mereial thoroughfare India Street and Cm- the entrance is a gallery for visitors, and the liy bo overcame stitch dltqanlian as from mccrMfEi 
tral Wharf. ’Itie lot upon which it stands, roam will be well furnisli«d with the equip- oxnpeilttoa In the srons o( lib. lhoutisr's aimniwh 
couUiuiug 11.330 square bet, is n gift to the ment suitable for its purposes. ltum> »s «Dy , r,-z* vigor u|..,i, ttw »>t, bit 

Cbamlx-r of Cununcroe by the Hon. H. M. Opeuiug from the Issinl room and from immUIc* billon*. MrvoM. miltrt.il, kldnry, sod rheu 
Whitney, president of the Boston Wrat-End the main corridor Is it large reading loom, maiir nilmeni»-isrf».) 

Ntrvet-luulwny Company. The architects of 1300 square feet in area. One side of this 

the cdiltce are 'Messrs. Sbupk-y, Bulan,* Coo- room is composed practically of a single ..... dbxxwiuivii DiiiDiiimc iuubid 
lidre. of Horton. sheet of gbua, then- being only a few small Tllt PEsSHlfWIA IIIMBlB* WlllB 

Tlie structure now rising is situated within piers to obstruct the iiigrcm of light. Con- LINES TO ATLANTIC CITY- 

two minutes' walk of Stale Street, the fluau- uecled with the reading-room and the main \ SrreRii Srwvrti SriiKitvU- 

cial centre of New England It is in clnac corridor are two parlors, a committee room, Tn r nimlli „. ... l. . _„ w , 

proximity to the Custom house, to the Post and a waiting room. Ilj tbo opening of slid- n ., ll .|j ( . Im _ far raa-almra travel Knirairc 
.‘° ’J* 6 .'W* "” d «"<^t mercantile ing doors these four rooms and tl.e reading JJ , , f nuiJ( . ta^ra^for bol.la,- 

blork in Boston, amt to the wharves and room may be thrown into one spacious apart- ,, xiu nl u. r-liv anH innniri.-*, 

warehouses of the Important line* of irons- mum. 'nieofflora of the directors, the sucre- ,,.,-eivod indicate the wideanraul popularitv 
porution diet ply between Boston and other Ury, imd the telegraph operator will occupy ,Tn!i, ulrajintBU popularity 

douiestk port* the rest of tl»e floor. Tlw- fourth, fifth, sixth, Neverbcfnrc In tlw history of die Citv 

The general style of architecture of Ibis and seventh floors arc to be ranted for offices h.« ZilS&itluteaD 

ndifloe U Roinaitesque. To conform to the The whole Interior of the building is well ^ ' wi iV ^vrr ^r l^nsrT 

limitations of iu site, tlie buihling is irregu- arranged and convenient, and generally tlw Line^ Arra.i^menls 

lar iu plan, but is shapely and convenient, structure is furnished with every modem up . .L^.j i. v w i.j r H ii.i, raumlur 

iu —iu u r»iu -> ■ MW pli-pe. », r nn.„ » „ .hi. klJl. 

pink tint. Its corner at tlie Junction of In- I he building Li lobe fire-proof ibn.ughout, West Jersey and Camden ami Atknlicl 

I..g« dtcl« ot to, ,■ l,il ™tiu.. . ™;M vi ( khI.ii <a>l on 11 k- Jo.ir.. »lueli n; um , J „„ Ul , p |„, „ dSiUc 

up ns a large lower, topped by a lofty conical iron and concrete. All the iron and steel . *, -i-,.;, mu ,i. of w m 

roof, burroumksl by high dormer-windows, work is protected bv terra cotta blocks. Kr .. r ilitnti> Knndlinr of the «-nor 

Tlie other corner on 1ml la Street U similarly ery oflke in the building will lx. Connected ”S 

rounded Into a smaller tower. The building w ftl, the board mom by snenking-lubes. and “* f "“ Tdoub u 

is to bo seven stories high. The height of the edifice will he iiglil.d throng bout by eke Hm^inSm SELF" * 

llie coruke Hue from the sidewalk will be 115 tricity. In the lmsemunt a spiu* is nserrol T| .i. trains will lie irrrallv ira- 

Tit fKiiT-n’ I" **"•« j»-rrr 'r.'r ,to Ll ; ,n : 1 ' r 

cAtreme top of tlie cuuk-al roof 1711 f«-t llie (nmmerre should decide to geuernte Us own . , „„,i 

in* ,'i, ll.LtlD,. P 3STffi S 

vu ih’“‘ TIh: ,, PP rr widows of this building will * |J|n - ub |" to ,i lc nr ,.Hs of 

There are four main entrances, nil con- command a flue View of the city and from tlM . Lidie^TIwy £" Quipped with 
vergiug toward the stairway ami elevators, its nxif an extensive outlook upon the harbor nf ' tb i , alM i handromo new umton-r 

l, r ,l„ »M tad, HM nwy U tad. fMta. il. taita, SKJi 

by large windows, there will be three pnim will lie a sightly object, representative of I vtiiim Standard hard-coal burn- 

Pd ;»».* «* boll. l™» ;l» II.C f «»FS» *»jl °l V» "yy- SteSffiffS ILT^nW^SiTdL 

rtruel awl the public corridors witbili the tile interests of Horton. It is expected that !ii n, |„ .u—iitnn in oiirliiv 

*?. 4»« 'v 't w.ui« .m i. «|M p .0^, ssfts 

plirpiMes. The lsisenieiit. wliwb bus a spa for occupancy near tlie close of the present , , „„,i 

..ItD.™ oa l,.li. .M . v„r iSSltaMCtad d« lllkVnttd -f “J 1 ? 

large room, 1KU0 square feet in u.xlenl, de- Slate in commune, bulb foreign and domes- 6 K 11 

signed to be used a» a restaurant, nnd. ud tic. in hanking capital, and in extent of fln«n- 

jiiiniag it, u large, well.veniiliiled kllehen. cinl Ininsurlions.bua long needed the alruc- --TI1K UHBAT r a I NKE1.I EVEH.cni'*» 

Other Uue incut rooms arc to be used for lure now building. cramp*. coiit,coiii<; ahpiiza. »(h-iMiii.rt4h,] 


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GLIMPSES OF AUSTRALIAN LIFE. 

BY GILBERT PARKER. 


Cfe(rO V*t*x 

mxixo ix ArnnuuiA. 

I T would lw impoaolWe to get a true rifw of the life <if 
Hie interior of Australia without a consideration of 
mining enterprise, its influence on the character of Uie 
people, ami (u part in commercial mowmrut. Ben- 
digo. Ophlr, Turon. the Palmer, Charier* Towem. 
Broken Hill, uni Mount Morgan are as familiar names to 
tike world aa the Virginia City. Cariboo, the Knurr, and the 
BUrk Hills. Ballarat bus been a name to conjure with, like 
Virginia City. Minins excitement in Australia, sa in Amer- 
ica, attracted men of nil nations; and not the Lust represent- 
ed at Bendigo and Turon. at the Palmer and Charter* Tow- 
ers, were Americans. Tire rush subsided, and tliounmis 
who had been engaged in placer mining vanished; hut there 
remained a nurirus of each race to be nlmorbed in tire Aus- 
tralian population. ami to engage lu mliilug aa a legitimate 
and permnnent industry -that is, in deep miuing and in oth- 
er normal occupation*. Tpday in Australia call be wtn the 
traces of American influence on the people in the constant 
use of expression* which are peculiar to tire I'nited Slates. 
It Is to be soon also in the bittiness habit* and the pleasures 
of Victorians. It is a cord in Ihe cubic of Australian 
energy. Australia is at barn English in idiom, custom, and 
political practice, hut the superstructure rising from this 
base baa some configurations not EoglUh. 

Like America, though in a lesser degree. It is nltsorbing 
many new Germans, French, and Italians— but the Eng- 
lish element great! v predominates. In this it differ* from 
Canada, which while having it French population has not 
absorbed it, nnd is rxseutinlly Canadian Hint is distinctive 
in its type, owing to the fact that it bns beside it a popu- 
lation at IL* soul It with n different political constitution and 
•octal organization constantly acting upon it. And between 
the English and the American influences Canada grows up 
a compromire. It is a fact worth recording that lire man- 
ager and mining manager of Broken Hill were Americans, 
and that Mount Morgan owes its success to tbo importation 
of an American wlto bail hnd large experience in Mexico, 
and who introduced Hu* chlorination proooa*. Hi rough which 
alone the complete extraction of the gold was possible. 

We have before noticed that lire heat laud of Australia lies 
in the cast, tliat it is hottest in the north, anil that the near- 
est side to Europe l* the slowest to develop Mining has 
succeeded only in tire onst. No mine* have succeeded In 
West Australia, though Indication*, have been plenty, though 
mslx-s have occurred, nnd though for many years grnlo- 
gisls have Ireen beuevcleni with hints of utidi*g»ig«d riche*. 
The mine fanhest west is the enpper mine of 'Burra Buna, 
in South Australia. It is curious to note that all lire colo- 
nics which have pudi.d ahead fast have hnd an impetus 
from mining. Tire idea to transplant a colony e* mtw 
to Port Adelaide; Lit land was to lie set at so high a price 
that the laborer could not acquire property, but must go on 
workiog for wages for a manor, who was to become “a lord 
of tire manor" iu AttMuHlI, and so cuuble ” roricly to remain 
concentrated. engaged in agriculture, preserving the same 
relation* that exist in Europe between the employer and eui 
ployed, thus avoiding the dispersion of pastoral pursuit*. ” 
The proposition actually cunre from the land of Hampden 
— that in a new country the feudal system should stretch 
nut octopian lingers upon the liuid. that South Australia 
should lie a Quebec of the antkn rigitne. 

“ It was proposed,” pbilanthropically remark* Mr. Wake- 
field, •* to transplant not people only, hut society. ... In Can- 
ada, New South Walls, and other colonies, tervanla taken 
out bv capitalist* under engagements for a fixed period in- 
variably quit their master*, because in all these colonies ev- 
ery one can obtain laud of hii own for a mere trifle. South 
Australia will be the first colony combining plenty of labor 
with plenty of laud 

Tbo colony began, borrowed money, failed, anil was on 
the verge of destitution and ruin, wlieit land containing the 
Burnt Burnt copper mine wns surveyed, nnd all chuoca of 
people invested in It. The investment, however, true to 
WakeflrUiUtn principle*, was rnnilucted with reganl to ao- 
cial distinctions. Thu " quality “ bought half, and the ** com- 
mon folk trndcsmrn and such like— bought the other 
half. Was there a kind of poetic Justice tn the occurrence 
that to the “ common folk " fell the Hurra Burra mine* 
During the last few year* South Australia lu* cut the bene- 
fit of the nearness of Broken Hill to Adelaide. In trutb.thri 
famous silver field, which, when I was there. wa» turnlug out 
M.4O0 widow a week, geographically Irelong* to South Aus- 
tralia. Broken Hill itself is a great jagged wall, showing the 
corroding wash of water, aa if where ik>w a sehl«t and mulga 
plain grows to a desolate horizon, a vanquished sea had roll- 
ed. It is near the Barrier Ranges, the old resort for tire 
refugee* of misfortune. The law never hunted its qunrry in 
tht* wilderness. 

At Broken Iiill the " rusli" is long ended, and, as at the 
Queensland fields. Charter* Towers, tlymple. Hie Palruer, and 
others, the Industry has settled down to n legitimate com- 
mercial enterprise. Charters To were, or " Tors." as Ire right 
it should be called, has murh the same appearance as Broken 
Hill— an oasis of lucre** in a land of questionable fertility. 
Tire peculiar characteristic of Charter* Tower* anti Gympie 
irt that they are virtually co-operative mining fields. They 
arc worked from within. Foreign or outside rnpital docs 
not rule them. The miners have shares and are interested 
Id the success of the minr*. The. chief of the Gympie 
mines are owned by practical miner* and on lire occasion 
of my vi»it to Charters Tower*. Dick Craven, an American, a 
* • Dow of Dow'* Flat.” had duappointed everybody acid bad 
(■truck it rich in the Brilliant mine. Tire result of this co- 
operative system is that mining in both tbene field* pay*. In 
the boa mine at Oympin tbo yield I* but 1 ox, a dwt, per ton . 
but that make* the local companv owning it rich. It is all 
«l«-ep mining— from 700 to 0000 feet. At Charters Tower* 
1700 miner* tabor; at Gympie, 1100, at Broken Hill, 2.100; at 
Mount Morgan, about ItHto Gympie I* an idyllic town. It t* 
bliUt like Rome, on seven bills, and it hux its Apollonian valley 
sloping to the sou. Far from It Is any sign of disturbing 
ffh-nrenLs, vrt it is the centre of a strong and aggressive 
Islsir combination, just aa Bull! the Beautiful tn New Snub 
W ales, though ono of the loveliest spots in all Australia, bo* 
a record for violence tbul sits heavily on the hearts of the 
population of tbo colony; or Just as Nanaimo, an exquisite 


place on the island of Vancouver, is occasionally the scene 
of bitter turmoil. But Mouut Murgnn is tire phcuumeuon 
of Australia. Twrlve hundred feet above the level of the 
sen lies the town of Mount Morgan, nnd the nuiuui itself, 
before it ttecame the prey to lire acquisitiveness of man, lift- 
ed it* shoulder* up WOO lee t toward the blue. It b Ibe min- 
eral wonder of lire nineteenth century, It has defied all tire 
conclusion* of geologist* and the tlieorles of scientist*. Gold 
could not lie found unalloyed with silver, it was (raid, yet it 
was found bo at Mouut Murgan. It must always lie in cer- 
tain well-understood formations, and yet ever SIMM they be- 
gan to cut tbe hilt down, like » loaf of bread, the geologist* 
nave been quarrelling about thr formation, One says it came 
through ' thermal spring*", another by ’'volcanic action"; 
"a precipitation Hut came with a chemical outburst." quoth 
a third ; " belonging to tbe Silurian period,” protests a fourth ; 
*• to the Paltrcxolc. Insists a fifth. And so lire enigma ruus. 

The hill ia a mixture of ail kinds of formation — iron stone 
and silica, kaolin and French chalk, brown and red IreumtHe. 
ochre and “ country rock," are nil thrown together in n hap- 
py confusion. At Gympie ami Charter* Tower* oue listened 
to tbe mighty stump* thundering tire rock Mid gold into a 
pulpy moM. 'At Muitnt Murgan lire greater portion of lire 
stone need* little crushing; it is rotten, and ready almost at 
one* for the chlorination process. A sardonic fate it was 
that Donald Gordon, who owned originally this mountain of 
gold, tired to sell this soft stone to tire peuple of Rockhamp- 
ton for household purpose*, knife-cleaning. rte. 8o perfect 
Is tbe system of gold extraction at Mount Morgan that tire 
company get* £tOU0 a year out of tire oil rags u»ed about tbe 
engines and furnace*. ‘ The mine i* valued at £1.1,000.000. 

Three year* ago Australia Imd a mining boom. and two 
year* ago it bad u land Ixjotn, and all the time there is kept 
up the fever of speculation. If it is nol iu land In West 
Australia, it is in Kbuub, in tbe Malay Peninsula; if it is not 
in city property. It is in new regions where prospecting is lie 
lag prosecuted. What strikes one most strongly is the power 
of resistance that tho country ha* to tire constant (hooka of 
ono kind and another Uinl it receive*. There have been but 
one or two financial crises iu Ihe whole history of Australia. 
This is owing to three things: the great resource* of th« 
country, the eonsUint in pouring of English capital, and Hie 
sales of public land* it was lire curtain in all colonics at 
ono tlnre to let tbe proceed* from the tales of public lands 
cover current expanse* of the government, ami lie applied 
extravagantly on public work* nt tbe solicitation of road* 
and bridge* memlicrs. One lias seen in n country district 
where there was needed little more than n siding, a railway 
station which awl £31000, a policeman's house costing £8000, 
and a court house costing £10.000 Those were prosperous 
days. Money wn* plenty, and there seemed to be little fear 
that the time would come when tbe people would say," Where 
is our heritage 5" The system was eventually stopped, and 
what I* strange. tho people never have seriously taken to heart 
tire evils that it brought in iu train. Of far greater moment 
to them Ih the exclusion of the Chinese, the prevention of the 
deportation of Frenrh convict* to New Caledonia and tire 
New Hebrides, and the succeia of the eight-hour* demon- 
stration on I.almr Day. It is peculiar also to note with 
wh*t Imperturbability the Australian accepts sudden political 
acts of serious import. He knows no constitution that may 
not be set ankle when necessary; he never permit* a personal 
loyalty to St. James to interfere with any local political pur- 
. He doe* not consider England's position with the cither 
power* in tbe prosecution of hi* own nenigns, 

Tbe government in 1BS8, quietly defying the courts, art 
aside existing lnws without a moment's warning, in order to 
prevent the landing of Chinese immigrants who wrro com- 
ing io Australia under regulation* established bv the colony. 
There was no immediate danger to New Smith Wale* or any 
of tbe other colonic*. The agitation had arisen from it 
threatened in-pouring of Chinese at Port Darwin. fcflflO miles 
away. The real reason of this attitude we have hinted nt 
before. Men in new countries are nut hound by tradition. 
They feel that they arc making a uew constitution, not being 
governed by one; they are used to meeting difficulties with 
shoulders braced, and they have neither procedure, custom, 
nor liabil of mind to suggest or compel parley. A topic 
Mfittfl the country, and it at once becomes vitaL Five year* 
ago confederation wn* a nebulous thing; it sprang In a day 
Into active life. This is said iu spite of the fact that a Fed- 
eral f’ounril had already existed for won years. In It, bow. 
ever, the people never bail an interest, and from it two of the 
colonies stood out altogether. The Federal Council to the 
people conveyed no other meaning thun would a Parliamen- 
tary committee of advlcm, a kind of advising board, which ii 
really wns. without power of taxulian or having any finality 
wlintsocvrr But a central Parliament, with lire people* 
representative* in it, seized upon tire imagination of the pub- 
lic, nnd Wllcannin and Kapuoda, Calm* and Bsgri. Ecliucha 
ami Guilford, rural places at different points of the compass, 
were as alive to tire force of tbe subject a* were the six capl 
ml*, including Hobart. This oould be readily understood 
bv observing the rural newspapers of lire country. In each 
of the capitals there ix a newspaper which stands gravely 
and firmly by tradition* of decorous treatment of all public 
question*. But these Journal* nre opposed by others of tho 
moot unconventional and advanced types — a compromise 
between a radical newspaper nf London and a normal 
American daily. 

In a Trnr few of the large town* there are those of tbe 
Drat named type; but nearly every country journal doe* iu 
work without gloves, It always has something to work for. 
something to fight. It is n miners’ journal, a squatter*' 
Journal, a planters' journal, a homestead lessees' journal, or 
It Is oppuv-d to oDe class or the other, and it spore* not, nei- 
ther chooses it* words. Tire heart of Australia is decisive in 
its characteristics; it is either with the inhabitant altogether 
or against him altogether; and the inhabitant is cither with 
a cause heart and soul, or defies it. attack* It. or despise* it 
heart and soul. And this character works down to Ure cit- 
ies by personal contact ami through Journalistic channel*. 
It meets other forces not Australian, amalgamates with 
them, ami there is evolved a working das* having instinct* 
both European and Australian, chiefly Australian, that 
which is European being a persistent demand of fresh privi- 
leges and better ad van tan*, without that fresh spirit of gen- 
erosity, if not equity, which the real Australian potaecca. 
One can only understand that property who has spent some 
time on a station or in a town-hip or village of the for in- 


terior. The towns close to tire large cities are colorless, are 
uninteresting reproductions of metropolitan life , but < ' liarW- 
ville in Queensland, Bourke in New South Wales, Moama 
in Victoria, and Jsnreatonn in South Australia have dw- 
linctive idinsynrrasicM, 

They are Hie centres of a peculiar life, of tire variation* in 
the Australian type. The Squatter drives in from his Ma 
lion to attend a Hireling of Ure Local LaDd Board, or to post 
the editor nf the local newspaper on a now phase of the land 
or rabbit question; lire HottWltad Lessee. with more modeat 
turn out, rattle* tn— all people in the hack Mock* drive fart— 
for bis month's slock of tea. sugar, and tobacco. Hu- great 
DecPMilie* of tire far west; the Selector comes swinging 
down the red aaud street*, where eveu tbe gum-tree find* no 
borne and the Imported pepper tree struggle* for llfe.lo seek 
some favor or the agents of a far-off government ; the Shear 
cr. on a bromide that Ire has bought for a couple of pounds, 
Shuffles up to the ’’ pub" to knockdown bis cheek; the Sun- 
downer. with Ills swag on his hick, port* through Id the near- 
est station; the Stork Rider, "sitting loosely in the saddle all 
tbe while. "gallop* in for a change ox he travel* his cattle t<> 
the south; n Daughter of the Plains ride* swiftly ia to fire 
post -office for the weekly mail; a Mounted Policeman, in Ida 
blue coat and gray breeches. Spurred and armed, ttecomea a 
welcome guest at the chief hotel tbo local Just Ira* r.f the 
Peace meet in conclave full of desire for ready justice ami 
bin"”. of law; the Inspector of Tanks MW Mb ntSIllJ 
the Superintendent of Ronds, and they “shout" for each 
other while they breathe out violent criticism on their sepa- 
rate departments; and (he Mayor, w ho seldom fail* in accept 
lug magnanimously tbe fealty of all parties, conspire* with 
•lias to what public mini (hull be the victim of the next 
Itatsquet. For. let it be known, the Australian loves this 
function before all others, amt looks upon tbe payment of a 
couple of guinea* to give a feed and provide an entertain- 
ment of speeches for a royal commission, a travelling minis. 
lev. a curious member of Parliament, or n local magnate a* 
money spent wisely and well. 

To be hospitable, to be uncompromisingly zeal on* in con- 
verting those who do not think as he doc*, to Work all quc*. 
turns out by experimrr and not by fallli or theory, mid not 
tn borrow trouble. Is lire Australian's idea of tbo whole duty 
of man. It is not twenty years since In ami near the largest 
cities tire citizen had to resort to tire purring conviction of 
rifle bullet* to convert the bush ranger of Hie Ifcn Hall, Dunn, 
and Kelly type: it is not thirty year* slow tbe affair of lire 
Eureku Stockade at Ballarat showed the decisive temper of 
lire people; It is still the custom in tire south to make pros- 
elytes to certain peace of tire moat ignorant of aboriginal 
races by lbt> power of lead and saltpetre; but a few month* 
have gone since the governments of New South Walt* and 
victoria signified their intention of curbing the lawlessness 
of Striker* by something more than n display of military; 
seven years have not posted since, with a decisive good will 
and desire to he doing something active and missionary like, 
lire Soudan contingent left Now South Wales to amici Gen- 
eral Wolsrloy in constraining Egyptian rebel* to re main wit- 
idled with lire ttotru yvo. From all tbb lire reader may 
perhaps catch tire outlines of rural Australian life, and can 
sec also how It bear* in upon ami affects social mid indus- 
trial development* iu tire great citie*. 

TITS fiUKVT CITIES. 

In regarding urban Australia cure instinctively puts the 
rapt tala in two grouna— Sydney. Melbourne, Adelaide, and 
Brisbane in one, and Perth nnd Hoi Art in the other Objec- 
tion might bo made to making linbarf n port of urban Aus- 
tralia. siucc it is lire enpital of *0 island distant 1.10 mile* 
from tire main land; but it bear* at least a* cluwi a commer- 
cial relation to Australia proper a- Vaneuuver Island dot* 
to British Columbia, as tire Isle of Wight (toco to England 
socially. At lire same time It preserves a character for 
complacency, morality, commercial and Industrial lethargy, 
honesty, anil simplicity quite Its own. Perth, in it* western 
Isolation, cut off as it u from tbe rest of tire continent by 
want of railway*, is insular ill Its ideas, nnd different in it* 
political practice aud social economy from the other capitals. 
Hen re these two small capitals are set in array l>v Iferenselvn 
to be considered apart, or rather to bo counted In a summing 
up as a modification of Ure gene rul ratimale. In regard to 
beauty of MtunUon. Sydney ami Adelaide may be placed to 
gellrer. Sydney by many people would iic made to Maud 
•lone, but there ts a dignity givru to Adelaide by Mouut 
Lofty, in whose shadow it is built, that warrant* tire iisrocin- 
tlon on which 1 have ventured. Tbo first glorv of Sydney 
is it* harbor. The entrance to it is only six miles from tire 
heart of tbe city, and ail the south (bore has residences nr 
public buildings to the very gates of tire *r*. Mol bourne is 
forty miles from the entrance to Port Phillip, Adelaide is 
six 'milts from Port Adelaide, Brisbane ia twenty-five tulle* 
from the mouth of the Brisbane River, and Perth is ten 
ndlee from Free lunntle, where lire beautiful 8 aim River 
grows into Hie sea. A* a picture Sydney in splendidly com- 
posed. On It* right it ho* the sorrowfully renowned hut 
lore-ly Botany Bay. and on its left it has the ruggedly de. 
Ilghtful Broken Boy. Its outworks are stupendous cliffs 
breaking here and there into glen* that slope to sandy beach 
«— betel** that may not. however, become bathing resorts, 
such os Long Branch, or Brighton, or Cacouna. Miarks 
have their abodes loo near for unrestricted dalliance on Ukw: 
shore*. The city is built on tbe south side of tbe harbor, 
but it has its Brooklyn or north slrere aero** tire six mlnnlea' 
stretch of water that lies bMstM Circular Quay and Laven- 
der Bay. The main hurbor opens out into a dozen other 
harbors, but It is in tbl« main liarlior that tire picturesque 
elements of tbe life of this first city of tbe continent may bo 
wen. 

If a great cnaliro artist hod sought to combine beauty and 
utility, be could not better have done so. Tire compositinn 
is close enough for the spectator to get a fine focus of iu- 
tarert, and yet there is a vast suggestion In It. owing to the 
vistas of wntcr that stretch away between tbe hill* of sombre 
green eucalypti. Iu Port Jackson tint nations meet. t>ne 
ho* seen an English, a Gorman, aDd a Japanese squadron in 
there waters at one time, and at others an EnglMt, n Rum. Ian, 
and a French squadron. At Circular Quay the Orient and 
the Occident jostle each other; Cockney and Malay. Teuton 
And Laecar. GauI and Mohammedan, Slav and < hinnman. 
Anrenean and Fijian. Briton and tire dusky of Kxc 

ter Hall— Australian and the World. Tire same tlnug occurs 


SUPPLEMENT TO flAftp 


3:54 


1 



at Melbourne. but l be picture i» n*Uh«L Wit- 
liunulown, lln- landing port, i« fnr away from tin- 
city. and it U uut u naval Mutton. Sydney give* 
0,1 im lit •'•Inn nf Iwauty, of ■Olllldlie**, hih! of 
home; Melbourne, of progieu*. of courier, of *u. 
ct-M. amt uf c\ps»n»ion; Adelaide. of comfort. of 
well tndo-iieaa. and aotneUdng akin to god line** - 
for it i» glortovaiy clean— ami of home also llrln 
Ini-jc l» new, brawny. uneven, and half tinUbed. 
Ol e think* of Topeka. Kanaa*. in omndcring It. 
un-t Unit i» to auggeM a grewtoc** whn.li i« yet to 
come. It haa Ito coat off, an it were. It •tiiuila up. 
wiili tnuaclca working vlgoroualy, ami ooaadoua of 

E licit lu trill power. It acorwa to aeek tlie kliadc, 
tit bare* Itwi-lf ilrftantly to the glaring N-mllropienl 
Bun And tliis bring* tip. In pomng. the nppiwiie 
qiKition .if ilindr tree*. On this »oiilli«m conti- 
nent. w In-re mint tliey need It, in eitv and in coon- 
try. tlic people arc only ju»l now la-itiiiniug to Icum 
Ib’e dmy ami tlic value «>f arloricullurc Sydney, 
nninniUy. has lire mnat ahade tree*. Melbourne h.n 
few Aiii I able h» only eaoogh to clear ln-r of Mm 
imputniioii of burenc<«. Perth and llolmrt an- 
buiiihler luit in mhih- reaped* mod favored aiMrra 
Although Perth n- (lightly in higher latitude limn 

Byitm Sydney In M ! 

aimi >[ibere in dry and buoyant. Hoburl is tvgurd 
eil II- n kind at Mtimlununi for South AiMralin. 
Victoria. New South Wale* and (fw-enalund llotli 
ii.ii en have natural bralitiefl. but Hdiurt far »ur- 
pci - m - * Perth. Mount Wellington, ut Hobart. given 
tie iii.M-c dignity, mid the lovely valley of the lb-r- 
w . ut i he Norfolk Hirer country u ml I lie Huoli 
Hi -id, with it* big tree npletulor» «nd fern tree gnllic*. 
tie hop held* and tie little farm*, lend ■ -writ 
n- «» to Tasmania not found cUenbcre in Aualrul- 

Architecturally Sydney In lto|ir. -i-|ve Mellinnrne 

U 

h*nd«>nn*t gtoupa of biilldlngi in AuMmliu i» Hint 
in ticorge Street. Sydney, which 'contains in otic 


SKETCHES IX UELBOURl 


eekly, MiV 3i 18si - 


335 



growth. To pul wealth him! progrens 
and success in strong and visible vx- 
pmnioii. that Is youthful. it U ttatu 
ml. it in Australian. Mrllmnnir must 
have i lit- largest public building* on 
tbe island continent, Sydney must 
have tlie largest organ in the world. 
Sydney has splendid yachting waters, 
and lends in that |Htrlicular. .Mil ■ 
lioiirnc lias n racing carnivnl which 
is fast liecunung n rival of those of 
Derby and Shccpdiead Hnv. which 
far surpasses both in all that it in 
volves. " Palaces and piles ►tunetl- 
dous " rise from all <|uarters of llwsc 
two great cities. Within the last five 
years on (Tee palaces of twelve ami lliif- 
tern stories have been creeled, which 
in Mclliounic more ttarticulnrlv strive 
for prominence with n colossal Post- 
office and while uud gorgeous legisla- 
tive hulls. 

The prevailing tone of Sydney awl 
IloUirt nirhliociure l* bmwn; of Mel- 
bourne. gray; of Adelaide und Brio- 
banc. white; of IVrth. Ireick red. Syd- 
ney coils in upon itself. Melbourne 
grow » out w aul Sydney's slrrrts nro 

narrow, those of Melbourne are wide. 
The oue move* rather le-avily, the oth- 


Ire brought in from Herlfern Station, tbe centre of alt tbe 
systems of the colony, to (.'titular Quay. 

Socially these colonics are very English in cits torn amt 
tradition. Thrv differ from Canada In tliis. t’anadn, in the 
west part imlurfy, has liccn acted upon by American as Well 
ns by English influences, mid she has given uway lo re and 
token on there, and has ended by becoming a compromise. 
Australia is not a compromise of any kind The spirit Is 
entirely English ; the tone only Inis lrceu alTrt-lcil hv pioneer 
life. Iit’ cruder cuvirunmcnt.awl by the dominating uct-npa 
lion Tld« dominming occupation is wool growing, it in- 
volves aim'll freedom and out-door life, therefore society 
bus I nine It It nml very*, It incline* to dirvclncM awl lir-arti 
m ss, therefore extreme poli-h and fiisldonahlc ennui lire a« 
rare In the men m delicate soeiul defines* and emotional 
languor are in the women. Tbcmontmit contact w ith nn Eng. 
linh indue ace, either by rd uwl ion, by visits to England, or 
by the regular wave of English and Australian intercom 
inunion. keenu society fitim forming customs as distinct to 
Australia as India or Cnnatlu |KWae**et- IV but may l>e lulled 
the squalling dam rule society, with the gracious help of 
Oaveninieut House. Tills last factor is importmii. (iuv. 
eminent House in iImi colonic* «* all-imwcrfnl. more so than 
in Cuniula; infinitely more so linn Is the White House lit 
Washington. American society doe* not catch in tone front 
the While House, mid. indeed, can gel along very well with- 
out It if Wed Ire As a plat* for fut>rlions it Inis iu social 
uses, hut to be oil or off the White House list tnroll* nothing 
here or there. That which is liest in American society stands 
where no pos»iug favor or disfavor of While House can reach 



block tbo Cathedral . tlie Deanery, tbe 8/ltatl-hall. and Uic 
Town ball. Next In importance ranks the General Fort- 
olDcv. with its Impressive tower, which has a breadth and a 
simplicity of effect very striking The Post office o|>eii 
colonnade, where the nations meet to get their letn-rv. is 
nn example of a refreshing uikI commendable style of 
architecture, wlaptrd particularly to AuHtmliuia. At Cir- 
cular Quay one see* the inflow and the outflow of ail peo- 
ples; at the colonnade of the General Port office are Iteiidil 
all people* Australian!***!. None of the older colonies of 
Auslmlta have followed generally a side of architecture, 
either business or domestic, really adapted to lire climate. 
It ■« only iu Queensland where auy thing approaching a 
southern style ha* been attempted There Use arcade. the 
colonnade, ihc wide veranda, the airy balcony, the Iwiilding 
merging to a cool and spacious entire, arc f»uit<l Tlie wnc 
convention nnd tmdition which keep men in high hats snd 

fradsetaii kept Sydney dmhd 10 ii» hot nf i pttaa 
for a long time In Inter efforts the revolt against this con- 
•lition may he seen, though In both Melbourne awl Sydney 
the solid integrity of northern architecture is doniinuriL 
rnplrnxnni |>eop)u have said that the splendid extent of pub- 
ic architecture in Melbourne gave tlie impression of n city 
'• built by the yard.** Expansive uud hroitd shouldered eer- 
lalnly tills metropolis look*, but it is consistent in its general 
contour. It is new, powerful, eager, mid conscious of a flue 
commercial muscularity. It* architecture suggests nil that 
by it* very contrasts, by the Parliament building, suited to n 
city of two millions, dwarfing to meanness buildings (reside 
It of form consistent with an earlier und inure pioneer 


cr floe* lightly Tlie former is proud of IU cab and omnibus 
»yat« iu ; the hitter, of it* tram and railway systems. Sydney 
1* uist* the l>c.»t house* on the continent. Melbourne tlie brat 
hole)*. Adelaide tlie best sewngr system, nml Brisbane tire 
greatest lUpiidity. The last-named city has floUaua nnd jetsam 
in iu front garden* inateiul of broginansbla nod ilog rosc* »nd 
cacti. Sydney i* tire most politically congested, Melbourne 
tire most commercially during. Adelaide the most thorough 
according to Its resou’rrrs, Ilrisiinor tire most feverish moral- 
Iv. the itiiHii advanced politically; Perth t* the tniwt conven- 
tional. and Holmrt the most religious of lire capitals. The 
rlreregal resilience at Mclliourne I* a palace. at Sydney it is 
a kind of Irish castle to let. in Adelaide, Hahart. Brisbane, 
und Perth it in a home. UeetiuM) of the ultntile bomellncee 
of Perth snd iu viceregal residence one could scarcely won 
tier at Sir William <'. F. Robinson. tbe nreactit Governor of 
Wr*t Australia, choosing lliat colony for n third term in- 
stead of one, with much greater emolument* Government 
House. Melbourne, typifies the genius of the Victorian peo- 
plc in it* iminentre arm of architecture. It It conspicuously 
democratic. Jim as lhat of Sydney is serenely tnulitinouf. 
Each after its own order. Tbe double-decked, lumbering, 
but convenient trsm cars of Sydney, which arc in reality port 
of a railway— not a tramwav— system. would be a horror un 
endurable fit Melbuurnc. Mcli*>urn« rv-lievrs its street traf- 
fic by railwny systems into the suImitLb from different points, 
as well as by Iu tram line*. Sydney's tram system runs over 
one line and our street to a certain point of divbioa. Bui 
thing* have at last conir tn the pass tlrat cable or«lectric tram- 
ways are to be laid in different slreeU, and the railwny is to 


it. It is different In Australia. As r«r> the favor of Govern- 
ment House, so veer* the favor of lire people And perhaps, 
for want of tlie claim* of long descent, rightly so. 'Here 
should Ire a standard of some kind, some polite tribunal in 
sireinl life, a* there is iu professional. political, and eniumcT- 
rial life. Tire vcnlict of the tribunal may tint Ire. followed 
by tbe masse*, hut it 1* followed and accepted by tbme who 
lend in tbe higher arena of thought and social practice. 
Below a certain strata socially — what might be called the 
Government House strata— viceregal patronage to any pub- 
lic affair, unless it he an out-door event, bo* no influence 
with the mourea In Australia. The Governor am! his wife 
may go to entertainments, theatres, concerts, and that sort of 
thing, ami tbe imua of 1 Im> people remain unmoved; they are 
independent of any suspicion of bring in lending strings. 
But let a function Iu which the masse* tire interested oc 
cur— some democratic enjoyment or demonstration — tbon tire 
appearance and presence of the Governor is a signal for the 
greatest cntluniium. It is not given to viceregal Ity; it is 
given to the high personage who has become one of the peo- 
ple sufficiently to attempt to enjoy wbnt they unjoy. It I* 
not mi much nn obeisance to 1st. Janies tut it l« n patriotic 
applause of tire endorsement of tbclr owu actions. Tli.vt 
kind of loyalty I* not a thing to be traded on too ranch. It 
is noldo, but it in selfish, ami it will bear no xirain. Hence 
It is that the Governors of tbe Australian colonic*. I o-i n c " 
men in their day and genenitloii. appear at gathering* nnd 
functions where Governors of other of her Majesty's domin- 
ions, such na Canada and India, might not be found Such 
Governor* as have shut Utctuselve* up from the popular ret* 


’ii.vKi.Ji* (j haii am ikum I’ltirna.KArus. 


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336 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


i* ami demonstrations have had mill- 


d limes of it. Not to participate iu 
and enjoy lire sports of the people is a 
crime iu Australia item to be forgiven. 

TIIK MKI.MOI'KNK err. 

Sport* play au enormous part In Aus- 
tralian existence. People live virtually 
out-of doors moat of tlie year. It Is not a 
laml of fireside*; there » little crowding 
about il>e hearth stone. There is therefore 
Wj meriting more of independence than U 
rern in colder lauds, pertmpa leas tensene** 


to dumpin' I minis . From j 
id the 
a rowl 
if no 
matcl 
line n 

we have the dearly loved sjiorl of the 


i re* 

a end the tide of recreation flm 
cyclin 
ghtla. 

„ 1 

is a running meeting. In Ihu last-named 


roars end the 

It Is not a rowing race, it I* a cj 
nnmout; if not a yachting regal 
run u I ng match: if not a trotting event, il 


If 

tycling tour- 
pitta. It is a 


Australian. What would he lliouglit of 
the Governor-General of Canada if he at- 
tended a trolling matchT In what favor 
would the President of the United States 
mind if he were to be srt-u every day for a 
week at Sbcepshcad Kay. alternating lie- 
tween the saddling paddock mid the ineiu- 
bers’ stand, and responding in due sea- 
son to tbe cnll of " 4 to 1 ou the Held." or 
"6 to 1. liar one"? And what would lie 
thought if ilie ruler at the White Houle 
curried tbe point still further, and entered 
u horse of his own fur a sweep* lakes? It 
is all a mutter of custom, Whnt would lie 
thought of the Governor of Victoria who 
did not appear at the Cup meeting in No- 
vemlier? Or the Governor of New South 
Wales who did not attend the spring and 
nutuinn meetings nt tlie Ihindwick ibux-- 
course In Sydney! lie would fall Just as 
far for leaving undone wbnt the Presldeul 
of the United States or the Governor-Gen- 
eral of ( 'mind* would lie execrated for for 
Luving dune. 

Kilt the ruler* under both conditions do 
what is expected of them: and at the Mel- 
bourne Uup meeting, where 130.000 people 
assemble year after year, not only the Gov 
ernoe of the colon v may he seen, but four 
anil live of her Majesty's representative* 
hum different parts of the continent. 

Flemington is to the Australian what Kan 
dy Is to the Buddhist, lie may get excited 
over a Chinese hill, he iiiuy la-come healed, 
and cripple trade nt tlie "timn of a strike, 
lie uiav ia-cuine nervous enough to stoue 
hi* political prophet-, lie may venture a 
short sum of savings on n Iieacb amt 
lliiiilnn rowing race; hut his attrition*. Ills 
spirited emotions, his genius for risk and 
Investment prostrate liicmndve* in eager 
devotion before the Melbourne "cup." 

The average Australian may not know the calimalcd value 


SUPPLEMENT. 

may lie the oi.’liusUstle con Silence of a 
class of Ausirslii.u youth. It bos aim bees 
seriously proposal ibut tbe central or d» 
minion government should have the gen. 
rrnl control of I uttds. as has the goveruiorat 
of the United Sutra, and a mnimgemeni of 
the rallwuvs owned now by the ‘slate la 
four out of five of the colonics. 

As au indication of bow mutable tbe ex- 
ecutive nf the Australisn colon k-* U. It may 
lie mentioned that since a constitution was 
given to Victoria hi 1893 there have lieen 
twenty- four ministries, their average life 
being about one year and four matiilia 
Such nn unsettled stale of things would 
naturally sugge-t considerable (xdltlcal 

lirUM|Ucnras. to snf •* ‘ * •- • - - - 

wurae Ilian that, 
more burly Ihnn parlimneolary, more phy- 
sically exciting Ilian edifying. The lobby, 
the very ciiamtwra of legislation, have I seen 
made arenas for personal nssuulta, and fur 
language that was worse than personal as 
sbuIl Political offences of all kiuds have 
Wo condoned. Ii lias seemed at limn 
impossible to convict any one. however 
culpable, of political malfeasance. This, 
however, has not been general in the Par 
I lament* of Australia; la tome it has heea 
rare; it hits been moat fmjuent in the two 
oldnt cotonka — New South Wales and 
Yii-loti*. The eon federation w ill uruloubt- 
idly cure much of that. It will give the 


There Iwing more at stake, and leas likeli- 
hood of overturning an unmlitifnrlory gov- 
ernment at abort notice, a greater sense of 
responsibility will prevail. and a wiser prac 
lice of nckci'lon. 

Tbe lack of n high political tone and the 
pre valence of n tendency to palliate Irr 


| to palliate lira 

ulnrity. political, commercial, ami social, 
pawing *p 
history o 

lues. It hna not been nt all unusual for 


rily. prdlllci . 
have her n regarded by pawing special ur* as 
the result of tbe early history of the colo 


of tbe public works of the rolony, the amount per hem! of 
population In the saving*, bunks, the names of po*t statesmen 
of note, or the dale of lime of the passing of the Itespnnuhb- 


iliy stswki 
it 'Fciwiiar 


Gorerumoat Act. but he enu tell you how inurh was paid 
for the Flying Piemun. what wiis tbe time to u sm-ontl in 
which Arsenal or Sheet Anchor won ihu cup :ind <>f nil 
Governors, be looks hark to the days of Governor Sir Her- 
cules Kohinson, w' ose presence, in the grave word* of ii 
great newspaper nt Australia, “gave the turf n great impetus, 
did much lo foster breeding. and mired lire lone of *|kirt 
generally." 

It Is almost Impossible to conjecture tlie ult limit* effect of 
this love of exciting sports upon Australian national life 
The elementary Investment ami risk in it i* part of th* gen 
end commercial action and existence The great saving 
clause seems to lie iu the fact that these racing ami other 
sporting events are not attended with vldOUtncK* brawling, 
or lawleixrMM of any sort. A race meeting it . orderly a* 
ii tcunis tournament, and among 130,000 penpb- Ihu police 
linvs little or uotliing to do In the preserval ion of onler. 
The sense of reserve and personal pride I* high in Uic ehar- 


w*ke wna iu Ireland twenty -live years ago. 

NIK IIK.-INV r.lHKKS. 

As an indication of how democratic and how independent 
Australian* are politically, it is worth while observing that 


Unary were inclined to lake ihc United States f«*r 
their model up to the point of tin- Extent l vi« rather than 
Cnnoda There seemed lo Is- n desire to secure a finality In 
the mutter of the judiciary, elective senatorial rcpm-eti'atlon, 
a more direr* national control of lands, or more i-rrtuin rele- 

R lloei of duties and privilege* to the local parliament*, and 
» right of veto than the Csnudlnn constitution contains. 
Sir Henry Parke*. w)hi is the really grenl force behind the 
confederation movement, sniil. in initiating tiir movement, 
while expressing Ilie opinion that tbe confederation would 
hrrudlv follow upon the type of the I bun in ton of ('amidn, 
as in the appointment of a Governor General, nn Australian 
Privy Council, ami a Pnrli.-imrnt comdsling of a Senate and 
a lloM.ie of Commons: " la tire work of our convention no 
doubt the rich slum of knowirdgn which were collected by 
the framer* of the Constitution of the Uniin! State* would 
ho largely reaorlrd to, as well as the vn«t accumulation of learn 
ing on cognate subject* since that time ~ Till* is hut one of 
many men lUMmu raado daring Um coorea of tbs eoa- 
federation conference ami since. It has been urged fmpicnl- 
ly In the different parliaments of the colonics by advocate* 
of confederation that, with tlie exception of the executive, 
tho general functions of the state* — they use the word 
"stales" instead of "province*" — should more neurly re- 
neinhle the United State* than Canada. Some have gone so 
far as to ndvocalc entire stahiiity nf the executive; hut that 
means political m: vent new from Greut Britain, a thing for 
which Australia is neither prepared nor disposed, whatever 


nren who were sent to Australia as convicts 
lo attain high positions in the state There 
were nu p-liund cluaUlities allotlicd to 
"the cove Umt had dntw Ids turn.” This 
|H-rhsps has hail somrtlileg to do with tbe 
existing state of npatby to many thing* 
calculated in more conservative commuiU- 
ties lo disturti the public sense utijilrwKuot- 
ly. hut it has not all to do wiib It. And as 


Ing.and arcadian o 

is Tnanianiu. Into which ulii^ullirr 33,000 
exiles had been sent. Now. nowhere in 
Lire world does there exist a more simple, 
homely, and lew vicious profile than (hr Tasmanians, though 
convicts are still living there who have been In the com- 
pulsory service, whoso dnuguatkm is the Brood Arrow. 

I’ATVMCAI. IHIVIUXHSXT. 

In my secund |*»pcr I referred to tire pnirrna! cnrernmcuW 
of Australia I have rraphnsUed It iu referring to tbe ud- 
cra ployed. I will carry It further, and ray tin- newspapers 
I cart i anil politicians and people accept tbe principle Mint it 
I* lire duly of the state lo ure that a man shall not ssarvo; In 
other words, that it must either feed him if he is starving, or 
give him work to do. Australian governments have done 
noth. Prmnernry has worked with a roliu-t frankness. 
There ha* been no "softly doc* it " in the political creed or 
practice. Tire narks, lire botanic gardens, tlie domain, and 
the national gallery of picture# nrr thrown open to tire peo- 
ple on Sundays. and with a result the straileat utmU-r of 
a strait «-it would imt challenge. Wise os post govern 
of Australia have liern in providing places of rest 
and resort for the people, Iboac of the present time are not 


the national galleries painted by tbe best of the modern men 
valued at £190.000. Each year in Ihr three principal col- 
onics there is expended nt least £13,000 in works of art or 
sculpture for the galleries, garden*, or parks. 



VICIVMIA SI*! AUK AND KINO WILLIAM STKKIT, AUKLAIOX, StllTU AISTRAUA- 


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THE REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS. D.D., BISHOP- ELECT OF MASSACHUSETTS .-[Sec p AOB »50.) 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOr.UMK XXXT., NO. UK 


338 


HARPER & BROTHERS' 
NEW BOOKS. 

Aosfjf ifttp nth. 

FLITE AND VIOLIN*, and Other Kentucky Tales 
and Romances. By James Lake Allen. With 
I llust rat ions. pp. viii, Sort, Post 8vo, ('loth, $1 IVO. 
Tiler* Air few Amniosti writer* who excel Jlr Alien in the »rt 
«? telling n ft* A short •tort well, anil llie»e Minin rr|nw«ent hi* 
bent walk. Tfcr *iorir* In. I mlml in (hi* Tolnine are: - flute nod 
Violin." “ Kine Ailwirn of KniMiir," "Tno ttontlv nM H «f Ken- 
tucky," •' Tim White Cowl," " Aster PoIohmj, ' mil - I’ustlvtinioiu 
Fein*." 

CRITICISM AND FICTION. By William Dean 
Howells. With Portrait, pp. llbr. lOino, Cloth, 
Ornamental, 81 00. 

Tiirwiishoiit i hi* viilnuie of il-liytitfn'. e»*AY« no literary I Heine* 
Mr lloavli* iileeda fur s oilirKia alileli ■< truth imel2i|;ciit anil 
liantst, nod a lift hn i *h*th in true to Ml«re elul serviceable to 
liomoaliy. 

A BOX OF MONKEYS. and Other Farce-Comedies. 
Bv Grace Lmxnsrox Fi ixml pp. 2M, I Ohio, 
Cloth, Ornamental. 81 00. 

TIih yhIuiih* omuin* foil* tvf Mi** F'lrni*" - * rharminr amt pop- 
ular farce. ; “A Bo* uf Monkey*," "The Jn.-k Trn*l." " Th" Ve- 
Mrred Nerep*.'' and “Tntit" Tiler are all Lrigiit and cheerful. 
They are inwinJoi fur |i»ilnr |irv*eniaiiun, rerjiiSrc no elaborate 
eta^e setting*, and are rate of «tu<l» nod pr»foinaaiice. 


Ft’ bushed or HARPER A BROTHERS. New York. 

no efcnr nrli «rv/..r tale Ay iOI AniwtWi, *r nW A* amt Ay ll*ar>a 
A Bourns: -. jMtysrW, tn an ■ fM.-t , t f (A* (,'unW WnfM, (InoAi, or N*ru,, 
« rvarl/4 >A* yvir- H.aecK* t'*r»a *|-s ttt t S- any niUr«* m r*- 
MIJM nt :t rr*tl In 


No. 1704. 

Harpers Weekly. 

WITH COVKII. ANI> SL’priEMKKT CORTAlMINU 
AN II.I.feTR AThD AltTlrl.t: on "THE IIORSR— 
most RANCH TO MARKET." 

TERRS: to H ATS A tor T.— SI Ml A TRAIL IN UIVXNOt. 

AmW. i/X-'ont iuny Ley iv mt.t, <r*y .VnniAre 


THE NEW REPUBLICAN LEADER. 

M R, CLARKSON. sIkw election its President of 
the League of Republican Claim make* him an 
official Republican lender, is one of the most vigorous 
and effective opponent* of e vil service reform, and 
in the current number uf the .VorfA A lurrinm Reriete 
he assail* it with all tlir familiar *|»oil* cries, and with 
It remarkable misstatement of the facts of nor curly 
history. The cultivation of party spirit which Mr. 
CI-arkaon recommends had never u more unsparing 
opponent than WahHWOWT, and even .IkkpkrmjN 
did not advocate a clean sweep, hut fuvored an ' eqtii- 
librium" in the civil irrrier The newly elected Re- 
publican leader, however. doe* not shrink fmm u<k 
vising Republican renunciation of reform: 

"In anv event. lie- Itrpn Mn-nii party entinot continue in 
ilre hall Muirn limp and linlf Ki puiilici’iii ll inu-l Iv fair to 
Ji*elf and to Tl* people in 1 W2 if it came for Iih life, nml most 
ilrctarc plainly nad bnhllv for one Ihiug or the otlirt— for il,e 
full aeceptanee of tire Mugwump theory. iiimI a mmlntc nd- 
Iwmwe to It when in power, and no prelpnr* of RepublicAn 
preference, or for an open and fenrlrs* Krpnlilimii theory 
and practice 

Should that sturdy Republican MrJjfAY resign the 
chairntaiiship of the National Committee. M r. Cl JtRK- 
hom would undotihlrdly succeed him. amt we should 
all know exactly his views and purpose* regarding 
civil service reform. 

But Mr. Ci.arkhon'h remark in Ronton, (hat the ex- 
odus of young men front the Repuhlicau parly should 
be cheeked by a eampuigu of newspaper education, 
argued forgetfulness of the fact that the more lire 
pi i hi tr mind is instructed, the stronger is the demand 
for civil oorrice reform. It i* emphatically public in- 
telligence tv I tii-li demands reform, and it is oppv-ed 
by the most merreiinry and ignorant class of jmliti- 
rians and partisan*. Mr. Clarkson's remark, by 
calling for education, implies further that the Repub- 
lican party has ceased to lie distinctively the party of 
conviction and intelligence, Nowhere has its decline 
been so marked as in Ma-AtotelttiseLls, the Slate which 
for so long a time in its high character and general 
well-being was the pride and illustration of Repub- 
licanism. It ha* evidently e-c : . |*d Mr. Ci.arkhox'h 
observation that it is t he ed ii»-;tt*d intelligence, not the 
ignorance, of young Mas*nrljit*rU* Republicans which 
has withdrawn them from their former party associa- 
tions. He says tliut lire present Democratic leaders in 
that State are men who were bred Republican*. He 
is right. But does lie think that Urey were especially 
ignorant ai d dull Republicans, who might have been 


snvrd to the party if the party press bad done its duty 
in educating them' On the contrary, it is they who 
have lice it first the thinkers slid then the educator*. 
These young Republicans have done precisely what 
Mr. CLARKSON ail vise* the party press to do. and whnl 
it ho* been doing. But the young men have been 
dissatisfied with the teaching* of the pres* and plat 
form, and have themselves become teacher*, with very 
striking results. Mr. Clarkson does the Republican 
press injustice. Formerly it spoke with overwhelm- 
ing power, because it udvocuted justice and equal 
rights. It* appeal was a moral appeal, and the con- 
victions and instincts of youth responded. But when 
it argue* a question of political economy, and *eek* to 
explain the extraordinary development and prosperity 
of the country by a system of practical privilege, it i* 
met at once not by the assent, hut by the challenge, 
of the same youthful conviction, education, and in- 
stinct. 

The explanation of the political change in Massa- 
chusetts is not that the Republican press lias not 
done its duty, but that the young men who were Re- 
publicans have done theirs. Mr. ClaRKHox, if we re- 
member correctly, has said something of the same 
kind lrefore. He think* that the Democratic paper* 
hare stolen a inaich upon their Republican brethren. 
But that is not the explanation of the situation. 
Neither the Democratic party nor the Democratic 
press can claim precedence in intelligence or ability 
of the Republican. But upon the question of ex- 
treme protection they liavr the better side. Tire 
present Republican view of the last election i* that 
the party of high protection — which diouted with glee 
over President Cleveland's message a* assuring Re- 
publican suci-eia: which argued the question on the 
stump and carried the election i then argued it in de- 
tail for ten months in Congress; then passed the 
tariff which it declared that an intelligent country 
ordered it to pas* was suddenly appalled by its own 
work, abstained from supporting it at tire poll*, anil 
suffered the eneinira of high protection to achieve the 
greatest popular victory on record. When asked to 
explain this extraordinary action, their reply i* that 
the tariff was not understood, and that the country 
was the victim of Democratic lying. But could there 
be a greater insult to Republican intelligence than 
the assertion that after the campaign of '88 and tire 
delnatr* in tVingres*. and on the stump again lad 
year. Republican* did not understand the chief prin- 
ciple mid policy of their partyt And os for the lying, 
did Republicans believe Democratic lies more than 
what they hold to he Republican truths? and if so, 
why I Mr. t .'kakkson will find that the trouble is not 
ill the inability or the lying of the press; it is in the 
intelligence of the people. 

TIIK PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

Those who are disposed to class oratory among the 
h«t arte must reconsider that conclusion in view of 
the President's tour He has been travelling acixum 
the continent to the Pacific, and every day he Ini'- 
mode two or three clever speeches, good-natured, 
varied, full of tact, and expressing lit* views courte- 
ously, ami tlie whole country reads in surprise, ami a 
great many worthy people any that here is a great 
man who has been somehow concealed under a vision- 
ary liat. but who will be henceforth estimated at hi* 
true value, and undoubtedly renominated and re 
elected to the Presidency by the acclamation of hi* 
party. I f oratory can *o radically change the general 
impression in regard to tin* President, it ia certainly 
not n had nrt. On the contrary, it seems to confirm 
the wisdom of the saying that in a country of parlia- 
mentary government successful statesmen must lie 
great orators. It is, however, true that none of the 
President* except LINCOLN have been especially dis- 
tinguished as orators, while two of the greatest Amer- 
ican orator*. Wkbktkr and Cl. AY. sought the prixe in 
vain. President Harrison’s grandfather was pre- 
ferred ns a candidate to HENRY Cl.AV. 

The question of the sucreatiun to President Hahri- 
8on. however, will be decided by other consideration* 
than the cleverness of lib* travelling speeches, al- 
though the delight in litem of his political supporlei* 
disclose* nnuisingly the estimation in which he has 
been held. It is not recalled that in the Senate or 
during hi* political career in Indiana he was e*q>ecisil 
Iv noted a* an oratitr, but certainly for the purpose* 
of his present journey his felicity as a speaker will 
not be denied. The two great scries of roulutuoua 
*|teeclies in nur political history were those of LlN 
txii.N in his debate with Doimilah, am) those of Sew- 
ard in hi* Western campaign after the nomination 
of Mr. Lincoln in 1880. They were not brief and 
happy addresses in reply to welcoming Governors 
and committee*; they were thoughtful discourse*, of 
extraordinary variety, comprehension, vigor, and elo- 
quence. great pleas for a great principle and policy. 
President HaRRIh'iN also hn* spoken to some pur- 
pose lie lias aroused u jiersonal interest which was 
not felt before, and he has net an example which 
other speakers may wisely billow. This example, an 
we said last week, is in the tone of his speeches. In 
a country which insists that parties which spring from 
differences of opinion are the safeguard* of the repub- 


lic. the fact of difference need not lie auxuined ns the 
proof of rascality nml treason. If one ]*arty were 
always right and the other al Hays wrong, it would 
follow not llmt difference of opinion is lire safeguard 
of the republic, hut that the safety of the republic dc 
pends Upon the continued dominance of one party 
The other mu*t lie held to lie hostile to the natiniial 
welfare— a supposition which would be fatal to tin* 
Aniem-:ui principle, unless it were shown that the 
people always supported one party against a constant 
ly threatening hmt of public enemies. 

The President in his recent *|>erche>> lia* taken the 
tone which ought to characterise political debate in a 
republic. To assume that u poliliealopponent. because 
be prefer* another method, is not equally a patriot nml 
equally bent upon promoting the public welfare is 
to adopt revolutionary politics. The President in 
stinctively perceives the alisimlity of such an axsmnp- 
lion on the part of the Chief Magistrate, and speak*, 
therefore, not as a partisan, hut a* a man and acitixeo. 
Moreover, he ha* pmlmbly found reason to review 
some political impression*. Even the condition* of 
such a rapid trip have not hidden fmm him the fact 
that the itroplc of the Southern State* an- not rebel 
brigadier* sullenly waiting to leap into the saddle 
and ride over the Constitution and the laws, but cit- 
izens confronted with difficult local problems differ- 
ent fmm those which exist in Indiana. Probably he 
doe* not siip|Kme that nil tradition* and former feel- 
ing- have <li*npi«eare<l in those States, but be can hard- 
ly believe that they now determine the political action 
of that part of the country. The President's tour 
will bo of great service to him a* well a* to the coun- 
try if the tone of hi* speeches should be carried iuto 
the acliou of his party. 

PROBABLE DISSOLUTION OF 
PARLIAMENT. 

TltE breach in the Irish party seems likely to pro- 
duce very important, mnseq unices. Pa KNELL, like 
all lenders who love themselves more than their 
cauM-. will probably be wen to have postponed indefi- 
nitely home-rule at the same time that he has for- 
feited all respect and honor. He i* a more vigorous 
and sagacious prison than any of hi* opponents, and 
lie give* to hi* own fortune* a definite impression of 
purpose which hi* opponents are unable to give to tbe 
eauiM- of Ireland. Tlii* i* largely due to hi* abso- 
lutely wlllsli devotion to hi* own triumph from tbe 
moment of tbe breach, while hi* opponent* have lost 
immensely by their inuliility to understand his utter 
desperation, and l>y their f<M>lish unwillingnea* to 
break with a leader who bad betrayed the cause. 
Their only course from the It rat was an aggressive 
assertion of their own leadership, without tin? praises 
of Parnell, which implied half-hearted ness end 
dmilit. This, however, i* all of the past. The Irish 
cause is much more hopeless than it ha* been for 
many years, and the government of Ian) SaLI.SBI'KY 
i* apparently about to take advantage of the situation 
to diwmlve Parliament and to ap]>eal to the country. 

In that event the Tories would rely upon the na- 
tional fatigue with the long Irish controversy, upon 
the alleged demonstration furnished by the Parnell 
rupture tluit the Irish not only do not know what 
they wont, but that the whole Irish question is a per- 
sonal scheme of selfish demagogues, of whom Par 
nkll i* chief; that Ireland is well governed by Mr. 
B audits, and at much lesactwt than Mr. GlaPHTONE 
himself proposed; that England suffers by the end- 
less Irish obstruction, which is now mainly thearel 
icnl; and they would rely also upon the fact that Mr, 
(•LAMrroNK i* now an old man. who could not be ex- 
pected to survive the term of the Parliament, and 
that be would really leave no successor. In the act 
iial situation these would he strong arguments with 
English ronstituencie-. e*pecially if the government 
could go to the country with a good cry which would 
catch the votes of dissenters. This aeenia to be pro- 
vided in the issue which the speech of Mr. GOSCHEX 
foreshadows— the issue of free education. He pro- 
poses tnHevote a surplus to the maintenance of school* 
under certain conditions. There would lie undoubt- 
edly some Tory opiHisitiou of opinion to Midi u 
scheme, bill not an opposition of vote*. 

The firmest ground of Tory hope, however, is fatigue 
with the Iridi controversy and the thorough contempt 
into winch Parnell has fallen. It is undoubtedly 
he who has represented Ireland to English senti- 
ment. and the alliance between him and Mr. QlaD- 
non lias lieen the strength of the cause. PaRNELL * 
triumph in the Times suit wu* also of the utmost 
value, for t lie result seemed to disprove all personal 
charge* against him and to leave him a pure patriot. 
His sudden downfall lias naturally somewhat in 
jnivd the prestige of Mr. Olaphtoxe, while the Tory 
pres* and orator* have made skilful u*o of the situa 
lion, especially in representing the opposition to Par 
nkll as a Roman Catlmlic movement to control 
Irish politics. This ia an ingenious appeal to the 
prejudices of the English dissenting vote, and it can- 
not ba denied that the Tory management of the Par 
NELL incident lut* been exceedingly clever. But a 
Tory triumph nt the election would menu only a 
postponement, nut a aetlleuieul, of the Irish question. 



MAY 0»1. 

It is one of lb* queaiion* which hate no respect for 
Lh« rep'*«*> of nation*, ami it liu* disturbed England 
lour etH.iugij to show Hint it will not mt until it in 
settled in accordance with Irish conviction. 

GRANT'S BIRTHDAY. 

Tint birthday of General Grant wax signalized 
this year by the ceremony of breaking ground for 
tiie erection of the memorial at Rirenide Park. The 
day wm brilliant, the crowd was large. the 1 ‘oh/ic 
in tiie river tired tiie Mitlnte, and General Grants 
friend and military secretary, und his private secre- 
tary when President, General Porter, delivered the 
oration, It waa a snloghtw review of Grant's life 
ami service* and character, hut it was just in its gr«- 
eromity, and it revealed a simple, manly, and mem- 
orable figure. Personally Grant had not the “ inag- 
netisiu" of Srf.umaN, and the public regard for him 
luia little of the affection with which Bukhman i« re- 
membered. Bui the mu* quality which is universal- 
ly roroguixrd in Grant, and which upon this occa- 
sion was most strikingly empltaaixcd both bwGencral 
Portkr and John H. WihB, of Virginia, an ex Con- 
federate soldier, wan his luiignutiituity. Mr. Wise, 
did not exaggerate tiie great influence of this quality 
of Grant’s upon the present happy harmony of feel- 
ing in the country. General Portkr warmly de- 
scribed his generosity of nature and rood net a* illus- 
l ruled in GranT'r relations with SkkkmaX. There 
is. indeed, nothing finer than Grant’s magnanimity 
in the story of American heroism. 

It is, however, often forgotten in the general esti- 
mate of Orant, which is somewhat affected by his 
Presidential career and by the unfortunate business 
relations of hia last years. General I’oRTKtt praisra his 
civil service*. ami undoubtedly his good sense was of 
great value to him in a njrhnn* wholly new. in which 
he was compel led to rely largely upon other*. It 
was most fortunate for General GRANT that his .Secre- 
tary of State was Mr. Flint, whose character, experi- 
ence. and tetn|>en*tti*nt admirably lifted hint for an 
intimate political counsellor. General Porter does 
not foyget that President Grant wits the lirst. Presi- 
dent to recommend civil service reform to the atten- 
tion of Congress. His military training and his 
strong common sruse commended the simple princi- 
ples of reform to hi* approval. But the party lead- 
ers whoae influence with him was strangest were bit- 
terly hostile to reform, and in throwing the respon- 
sibility upon Congress he virtually abandoned the 
contest. Nevertheless, ho had given it a great oppor- 
tunity. which its friends wisely improved, and the 
ervdit of the first effective effort fairly belongs to 
Grant. 

Undoubtedly the circumstances of his last illness 
and the simple charm of his own story of his life re- 
stored the (rue historic estimate of the man. The 
party spirit which his office and the |wrly leaders 
who most impressed him had imposed upon him, 
but which was not native to him, disappeared at the 
end of his life in a serene and generous patriotism, 
which illustrated the true spirit of tint statesmanship 
that could best deal with the situation produced by 
the war and by the cause* of the war. No tributes 
paid to his memory are si lice re r or stronger than 
those of the Confederate soldiers. They are proofs 
of the magnanimity to which wo have alludrd, and 
to that quality of patriotism upon which the country 
relied without a doubt when he was the commander 
of a vast and triumphant army. It in only natural 
that the birthday of such a man should lie honored 
by his fellow-citizeus. and that we should all feet 
that it was an extraordinary fortune for a country 
which W ASHfSOTON and Hamilton and Jay and 
their associates organized as a nation to find in its 
hour of vital peril Lincoln and Grant and Sherman 
and their comrades ready for its succor. There is hut 
one unpleasant thought connected with the breaking 
of the ground for the GRANT memorial. It is the 
fact that the money j M not ready to pay for it. It 
would lie a great misfortune if the story of the erec- 
tion of the Bunker Hill Monument should bo repeat- 
ed iu tluit of the Grant memorial. 

THE DEMOCRATIC RECORD IN NEW 
YORK. 

Oxh of tbe tvflulttnf the general Democratic victory at the 
polls tact autumn was tire election of a Democratic Assem- 
bly In New York But not tlte mr*t sanguine Democrat can 
8uppi**e that It lias been ui advantage for his party. The 
tins been devoted to a party game between the Demo- 
cratic Governor aiul Assembly anil the Republican Senate. 
The Democrats bavr placid the Governor In the Senate of 
the United States, Urey lisve defeated effective license legisla- 
tion. and show how largely the liquor interest control* the 
party-, tin y have aided lire Republican* in weakening Ore 
ballot-reform law, noil 1 1 K-y have Mopped h-gislsiion by luf- 
tlrag an la realisation of canal management. This is the 
Democratic nealt nf the arssiou. 

lt ami hi be hnril for the Miuguinc Democrat to pr>lnt nut 
In what way the result of the Ib-iiiorraiip victory in Now 
York last year lias heightened the de>lR of any inirlligcnt 
nod independent American to «ce a Democratic victory in 
the country next year, It 1* pretty clear thnt if it were be 
tiered that such a victory meant the citcm-ion to the country 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 

of the political spirit and conduct and consequences which 
have represented Democratic nm-ndencr nt Albany this year, 
it would not interest anybody bey cad the Pwnncralle parly 
line. 

Partin are railed national, but rhry exist only in the States, 
and are estimated by ibt-ir conduct in tbe Stale*. In the 
State of New York, measured hr Lire conduct of tbe Demo- 
cratic Governor and Assembly. In wlint ws) nir lire object* 
achieved. tbe reform* snenipiod, or the general Democratic 
tone amt purpose superior to those of the Republican party? 
If the general Democratic js-rfnrmaiwx- In AltMinv till* winter 
should Is* transferred to Washington next w Inter, how would 
the prmpeela of Iteinucrntic success next year be increased? 
Punk* are *np|xirl«l by In trill gent men not for tbclr profes- 
sions, hut i heir performances. 

AN INTERESTING BOOK. 

Th* R*r»U> rtu-ut of PffAvltnl I.iuftJn tt ml hi* Atlminitlrn 
fins, frg l,. K. CWWrmirn, hi* llrgi*trr of ih* TVorsw/y. Just 
published by the IIahcrns. is a volume .,f very great inirrrst, 
which add* to the personal knowledge of t!re President, mid 
give* a roDstant series of characteristic iiithteul* of life in 
Washington during the war. Mr. ('hittkxpkn h official 
position and the pt-rwibnl regard eildrtilly fell for hint by 
M- J jlNCOlJt have enabled him. with 111* glfr of narrative, 
to produce an exceedingly vivid and graphic story, 

He speak* slightingly, and. a* ® r think, incorrcclly, of the 
Hrrxiwn biography, but his own work lia* the same reality. 
Without idealizing l.ixcm.*, ami while depicting die sturdy 
and homely man just ifk lie »ns, he conveys, like IIkiiximix. 
his own impression of the essential grrstnew of his hero. 
No man. indeed, ever suffered leas from accuracy of detail in 
narration. Lincoln Inni no ri-lf-ctinsciuiiMiexs In lire ordi- 
nary reuse. The sitnntioii nod IiIh own re-pot dhl lily were 
too tremendous to allow anyihing spectacular in hi* conduct, 
even had there been nny such disposition. The clsamt of 
the volume is the personal detail, for which the memoirs, 
which are necessarily historical, afford little opportunity, 

Mr. UitrrncsUtot had ample personal knowledge of official 
life and the civil service in Washington, and his brirf but 
stringent remarks upon them are of great value. The awful 
suffering and personal ruin due to llw -purls system of the 
service he knew well by observation. *• No men,” he sny* 
"heller deserve the attention of philfluthTiipisti than tbe 
clerk* In the government service-, and hi* word* outweigh the 
gilic* of a thousand mere party politician* when h« ray*. •• It 
will Ijea fortunate <laj for Ibc country when the civil servin' 
system is extended to nil the government offices except (he 
cabinet and those Immediately connected with Congress.” 

INDIAN PRISONERS ON EXHIBITION. 

Mr. IlRRitKNT Wki.su hns written a letter tn the Ertmng 
/W in which lie tells the story of the Sioux Indian*, some 
of litem actually pri-oner* <if war. who have hern inirnsicd 
by our government to " Buffalo Bill *’ fur III* show of the 
Wild West, In which they are now perforating In Europe. 
Til* story is told hy Miss Mart C. COLUNS. who Is person- 
ally known to Mr. Wat.su as u tnislworthy ami intelligent 
person, who hu* been for sixteen jeers a missionary among 
the Sioux, and who speaks the Indian language. 

Tire simple narrative sliows tlte shame and folly of this 
proceeding. "Tbe government put itself into the position 
of araislLiig a private speculation, and gave Indians in nil 
exhibition under the Inducement (Iimi ilM-lr Alleged evil deeds 
would be forgotten. and Justice would not reach them '' It 
must bn remembered that the government hn* uudertakeu 
the part nf guardian to train the Indian to a mental and 
moral ability to annua independence of government control. 
This is the altitude of Hie government, and " Buffalo Bill ” 
announce* iu u London newspaper hi* coming to Europe 
" with fifty of (lie worst Indian* engaged In the Wounded 
Knee light.” Imagine some English Barmm wine year* 
ago advertising liis arrival in America with a show in which 
Nkxa Sahib and oiler Ilindi»s who hud been raptured ill 
India after slaughtering Englishmen would appear by per- 
tni-ahm of the llrilish gr>v«-ninient! 

Mun Collins raj* that she pleudttl with Secretary Nohi.k, 
who *«w no objection to the arrangement, and who said that 
Secretary Bi.sixk brut asked that " Buffalo Bill " should tic 
allowed »n take the men. Sire went to the President, who 
Mid that he hast no sympathy w ith such an exhibition. which 
was merely rewarding the evil doers, but aildcd that the pris- 
nni-ra were under tire control of the War Department. Sire 
went to the War Department, and General Grant raid tlmt 
the Secretary of tire Interkw lisd *ucgc*Hd the plan, and lire 
War Deportment liod merely arquirseed. Hut he pron«l*cd 
to six- lire President, and if hn wouhl aulltorixc it tire order 
should Ite connlrniixoded. But it was not rounU-mundrd. 
“ Buffalo Bill." by permission of the government, has inken 
sixty-four Indians, of whiMn twenty three were prisoner* of 
war, who are advertised in foreign count rte* a- d*wperate 
criminals. Mr. WKi.m rays that having nppxnled In vain to 
the highest official authorities, the friends of the Indians now 
uppeal to the people. If. he ray« they approve tire transac- 
tion a* one becoming to tire government and lending to a Just 
and satisfactory solution of lire iudiuu proMrra, “ wc with- 
draw our pl«a " 

VATICAN VIEWS OF THE AMERICAN 
PUBLIC SCHOOL. 

A STATEMENT i* psiMisbcd of the vh-w« of *' n high ecric- 
alaMicul per**wmge ' in Rome who “Is in an exceptional 1*1 
alllon nt tire Vatican "-—n kind nf nrtoiiymrut* personagr in 
wlwine i-xtstenrr we hs»e no faith — which pnfnwt tn give 
the papal view of lire wbiyil question tn the United Stale* 
The view is ****-fti-d tolie ibis, that then- slionid Ire Catholic 
parochial school* in all parishes when- there are menus *uf- 
Scicui to make them e«|ual tn the public schools If this 1* 
not practicable. scIkkiI* shnuld in- cslabliUred for ttwchiiig 


.139 

the Catholic catechism, or flic Stale should Ire persuaded to 
permit tire catechism to Ire taught out of school hours. 

lire. Stute does jrerniil it now. It offer* no bar to the 
touching of the Catholic oatcchivm whenever and wherever it 
limy I*? dc-drcd, except in the buildings und during tbe houra 
devoted hy the Slate to non sectarian school-teaching. In 
tlirawi liuilding* sectarian teaching of any kind it not nmt 
will not Ire permitted. Hut nut nf school hour* and out of 
lire school building*. Methodists. Baptists, EpiscnpnlUb*. 
Presby leriana, Unitarians, CongrcgalionnlisLs, Hebrews, R m«I- 
didst*, and religion* Iwdira of every kind may teach tlw-ir 
caterhixm* at phw*un*. 

The AiimtIcau system nf the public srlmol in this n-sprs-t 
i* not at all difficult to underainnd. It has nothing wbntevi-r 
to do with sectarian religious faith or practice. The l\dn- 
Kaptist catechism anil lire L'ainpbrilite cntcchistn und the 
CaibnJir catechism and the Hebraic cn(echi*ni nroall eqnxlly 
indiffen-nl to it. The pupil* »ro of nil religion* denomlna 
lions. But tbe catechism* of the different denomination* 
arc Uughl lit lire denominational Sunday schools orjurnchi. 
si school*, not In iIm- public •ebook Mrihadisl lax payers 
do not pay for inrtruciioii iu Prc*bytcrmu or I'nih ilic ca'e- 
cbi*m*. nor Catholic* for Instruction In Methodist catechism*. 
It is not a difficult system; hut It seem* to be very difficult 
fur the Vatican to comprehend it. 


PERSONAL. 

The village of Proctor. Vermont, wa« named after tlic 
preornt Secretary of War, and was lmilt up of men rinployni 
In li I n marble quarries and mill*, and tlreir fomllie*. |r 
is » tliriving place n few luilea north of Rutland, Til* Sec- 
retary and hia family *|u-im! umch of their time tl<ere, when 
not in Wiiahiugtoti, and In the seclusion of their pleasant 
home forget Ibat (lie non »f |h»;kvi ha* temporarily alli«l 
hiin*elf wirh tire art* of war. S»-eTetnr.v Ptnu-rim is now 
creeling a neat atone library in the villiige.aml Ira* entered 
into a co-operative arrangement with the villager* for till- 
ing the building with Itnnku. 

— L'ARI. St'ilt'RX, who. as the president of the Halnhitrg- 
Anirrn nn Packet Conipaiiy. has mmle a study of the most 
linprnred metlirals of occnii travel. Irelievra that steamer* 
will yet Ire built In make tile rim aelSM* to Konqie in three 
or four days. Ho think* that safely need not be sacri- 
ficed to gain aw I tinea*. 

- AlxjLt-tt Smith tlx- rich Caitfoniinu who made hi* 
money hy the groat mining tunnel that Irear* hia name, u 
In (uni liis Hire mIImUsii of nearly 4<i,iXX» volume* into a 
free public library for the Irene tit of Kan I’ranciwo people. 

— Ex-Hemlor HatAUAX, of Texas, whose reaignallon ftron 
the l.’niteil (Male* Senate follows rhsw-ly n|aou that, of Et>- 
Mi’Nlr* of Vennont, was in JliFFKKiwoX DaVIM's cabinet at 
the eh*** of the war, and Bed fnun Richmond with him. 
iniTTnn ly escaping capture. 

- -Rev. IM. TitnMA* .fKFrKlMiNfViNaXT, one of the ablest 
Bible sufliolara atol Hebrew stmlents nf Ids time, died la*t 
Thunohiy at hia linmv in Brwiklyu. He wan Ireni in Bran- 
dim. Vcrinonr, eighty-nine yearn ago, was graduated from 
Middh-tmry College, and flllod dirtervnl pmfrNsorshlpg at- 
Water ville f Maine ) College, Madison University, and Roch- 
ester Theological fteininuiy. Horn Irtl? to 1-ftS bs vu en- 



gaged 1*y the American Bible Union in revising tire com- 
mon English version of >lio Bible, and during a part of 
that lime co operated with the roniudctre of the Cioiront- 
Mon of Canterbury. England, ill revising lire iinrhotir-it 
English version. Mr. CuSaXT pnhlislied nslnndnni ll' hu- .v 
grammar and various theological works. 

Winter has treen the lirapiratinn of all the pirtiuv* 
painted hy Mr. KotfOBTON, A.R.A., 1hi« year. One repre- 
sents 1 lie sun rising over n dcwilalc tract of frozen ».dr- 
nnirsli, A child Is I'entMriug «i|kiu an icy pool in thv fine- 
grnnnil, while ill the bnekgrouud are the slate - it Nib* l 
bouw-s of a Suffolk village In u second pic lure is given n 
twilight glimfHre of the fmren lb-ben, near King*f|e*-i; 
while in a third, an illustration to one of Ar*TlN Diihsun'* 
poe-lita. is n tract of lee, wiih hoy* sliding and skating ill 
lire background, The seherne of this picture, however, 
lies iu a girl* ftgme in the foreground, the delicnre eolors 
of herrlol hlug lilemllng harin<>iii«nsl.v with the gray-green 
of a withered hedge. 

- Thmhhuik Til. TON lives io roiopnrnlive quiet ami nl»- 
aeurlty in Paris, and gain* n imHlenire iueoinc hy lilernty 
nock. He i- mhI to have given up nil desire for reluming 
to this country tn live. 

— Wcuknrm rather than sln-ugth Ira* always seemed 
to l-e tiNot prominent iu tbe rlisrsetei- of Piiiiee ErRI't- 
NAM* »f Bulgarin. Just now his a-slhelie mind is mid to 
In* feeding an the vanities of |icrsonnl adornment, hi* Mik 
go'.v os, tare «hirl«. .vnit dixmnod* Is-ing only porlmus of the 
gaudy eoatmues with ahicL be is Jar.lling the Nolla public. 

Digitized by CjOOglc 



340 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. KH 



HA* », ISM. 


HABPEK'S weekly. 


341 



,c fcLACK 
S QV3\^ | 


I I - MfT.scilMRNT DCTY. warned all ibe brighter u I pictured them iu contrn*t to the least, to the most lieuutiful woiunn I hud ever irrn. 

OWARD the close of Inst mm- squalor of tlir ' 1 shebeen " to which I had been doomed. My " I assure you. Miw Malioo," 1 replied. 8|>euking lightly, 
iimt onlcn wen* issued from servant narked my portmanteau while I gave a few hurried and enduring the dauJe of her gaze u» well ns 1 could, "that 
headquarter* of her Majrs- instructions to Sergeant Bell. who was fortunately at hand— if you hiul any idea of the abomination of desolation in- 
ly'* I.oumdiire regiment fur the men liad been quartered in the village as far us puiuible valved iu detachment duty, you would not fear that I could 
a detachment to proceed to — and In h few minutes I *as seated iu Sir Martin's dog- find this society dull." 

lyousbran, under command cart, whirling, all uiwonsrious, toward the events which have The butler catered the room and addressed li Lb master iu 
of Lieutenant Fraud* Holt, mode this one year of my life ao much fuller than all tbo a lioJf-wliisper. 

lliere to uphold the civil arm. elgfat-aud twenty that preceded it. “ Mr. (larrntt U in the library, air.'* 

I was Lieutenant Francis "Ah, I will ace him at once," replied Sir Martin, rising. 

Halt, and the duty was very IL— A THKKATEtlXU LETT Etc. Then he turned to me. and excused himself with old fash, 

distasteful to me. We had been quartered for some Between a double row of lime trees the aveuue swept up ioriod courtesy. " Mr. Gun-all is my agent. You have been 
months iu Enniskillen, and though the place could not to the door of nallymahon. a fine old mansion, whose long in the country long enough to realize the importance of such 
be rolled lively, it improved on acquaintance. lines of windows testified to the abundance of room within, an ofllcer to an Irish landlord. Kale will entertain you, 

I did not believe that the civil arm slord in am* urgent though. ns I soon learned, the family was very small, consist- since she seem* to have found iter longue at last." 
need of support I hud uever been In Ireland before— we lug of Mir Martin und an ohly daughter. At dinner I was As soon aa we Were alone Mias Mahon suggested thnt there 
had come direct from Aldershot — and though I had heard presented to Miss Mahon ' wiis still light enough for a stroll round the gardens. 1 aa 

many tales of outrage and wrong-doing, with my own eyes She was a strikingly handsome girl. Tall, like her father, aeuted gladly, and we stepped out of ooe of the French win- 
I had seen nothing The country seemed a* peaceful as and. with her blnck liair and flashing dark eyes, not without dows into the glorious August twilight, 
tile summer surface of though Larne, and If any tales a certain resemblance to the stern baronet; Imt in her face She talked frankly enough now. asking many questions a* 
reached our ears of Captain Moonlight ami his midnight youth and feminine nature bad softened the details of iuipe- to the details of n soldier «. life, and rccolviug tny answers 

sovereignty, they received at the mesa table more ridicule rious beauty, and the expression waa wholly different. She with evident interest. 1 had seen little service in Ireland, I 

than credit. I looked for no exciting service to break the welcomed me gracefully. and it was easy to see that the had not aa yet been called upon to take part in anv eviction 

monotony of my exile, and I accepted my marching orders prospect of a little variety waa pleasant to Imt. Indeed, it proceedings, or even to be present at such, though 1 mourned 

as I might have am-pltd a sentence of hsnUliment must have been a lonely life for a young lady compelled to that the detachment I commanded would have its full shore 

Two days after our arrival in I.oughntu, while I stood at relv on Mir Martin Mahon for society. of this disagreeable duty. I found Mis* Mahon well in* 

the window of the dirty little ino. counting the gaunt swino For though the baronet unbent somewhat In compliment formed on the landlord a*Dd tenant question. and. to my sur 
that wallowed in the miry street, u well appointed dug. to the stranger at his Ixinrd, yet llie effort was obvious prise, her sympathies appeared to lie with the latter elate: 
cart pulled up at the doof, and a card was placed in my enough to prove that It waa made but rarely. He was a but that was doubtless the reaction from the extreme parti 
hand by tile barefooted servant girl wbo acted as Hoots of grim, self-contained, silent man. ami it was easy to fancy sonship of her father. 

the hotel, perhaps by way of comiienoatiou for having none that table os It usually wua— uueuliveued by any gleam of She referred to Sir Martin'* remarks at the dinner table in 
of her own. cheerfulness. a tone of apology, and with a look of positive distress on her 

Sir Martin Million of Ballymubon bad called upon me. On thb, nty tint evening at Ballymahon, the conversation proud, seusllive face 
I tmd heard of him, of course, for lie was the magnate of turned on the state of the' country. This is always a fruit- "You must not lake papa too seriously on tbooe subjects, 
the neighborhood; and no doubt Ik* had beard of tut*, since ful topic in Ireland, and to my host it seemed to possess Mr. Holt," she sold. He often says more than he ini-aus; 
it was largely In consequence of hi* disagreement with more interest than any other, lie frankly admitted that he but, of course, yon heard him yourself. You sec how he al- 
his tenantry tliat the military liad been culled Iil I hast wo* on unpopular landlord, and seemed to glory in his ter- lows his— his excitement to carry him away." 
never met him. however, and' I was for from expecting the riblc reputation; but I noticed that Mise Mahon looked "Yea," I replied; "Sir Martin evidently has rooted con- 
courtesy of a visit. He was not liked in the county, so troubled, though she did not venture to discuss the question rictious." But 1 added. Inwardly, " If ever a man spoke 
much I hud learned from common report, though my in- with her father. from the fulness of bis heart, the Block Squire bus so spoken 

formants were mostly of a class who would have hated an " Sympathy is wasted an those fellows," said Sir Marlin, this night." 

angel had he come iu the guise of a landlord. Mir Martin "You are bh Englishman. Mr. Holt, and you coo have no " lie feels strongly, and he takes no p*iu« to soften what 

was known throughout tbe rounlrr-shk* as "The Black idea of the greed and cunning ami unscrupulousneas of Irish be says,” she went on. ‘'Sometimes I am afraid be will 
Squire" Some called him " Mail Mahon." in consequence peasant diameter. They have absolutely no sense of grati- bring fearful trouble on himself— on us all." 
of llie violent gusts of passion to wbieb he was subject. Hide. Treat them kindly, and they laugh at you; treat them "Do you mean that he incurs actual danger by speaking 
Such as he was. lie was the first visitor wbo had sought sternly, and they are afraid of you. Well, I had rather be ao?" I asked. “ Because it seems Incredible Uiat in u free 

me since I had turned my bock on Enniskillen and civiliza- feared than ridiculed." country—" 

tion. and I was not disjiosed to be eritica], "But do you incur no danger. Sir Martin?" I ventured. "Ob, Mr. Holt." she Interrupted, "the idea of calling Ire- 

A* I stepped out Into the hall to meet him. he came for- “ I coufeas that I have seen nothing very alarming during Und a free country 1 You know what our peasantry are — or, 
ward and greeted me with outHtrelcbcd baud — a big. my brief stay iu Ireland, but we read of outrage* in the rather, you do not know— and papa has so many enemies 
powerful man he seemed a* his bulky frame filled up the papers — cattle maiming, liara-burning, even murder — " among them It is not what be says, but what be does; ami, 

rmmiw doorway, lie had a strong face, with a square do- " Yea, wu hear of such things," interrupted the baronet, again, what he doe* is made hamber by what he say*. II itali ! 
lermined chin, and hts dark cyc« were deeply act beneath violently; “and why? Because of the confounded vacilla- he is coming. Let us ulk of something else." 
overhanging brows Ilia mouth wns concealed by a heavy ting policy of the government. A few regiments of drngooas Mhe began to point out various garden beauties as Mir Mar- 
black mustache, but it wns easy to imagine that the hid- is what wc need here, and martini law to give them a free tin came down the gravel-walk toward u* with au open let- 

den feature shoml the domiuaut expression of the face— a hand. Plenty of cold steel and ball-cartridges. That's the ter in hi* baud. 1 was pleased to think that I had already 

face full of diameter and with a stern bounty of it* own. way to solve the Irish question. You may volley any mob, estnlilisbod what might poaa for a secret understanding with 
" Well," he said, as he grasped my liana, " it was only or charge through anv villuge street of n market -any. and not the beautiful girl at my aide. At this time I did not realize 

thi« morning that 1 h«*rd you were hero. Wbo'd have hurt a decent man. ’Tin y re ull rascals." bow utterly alone she stood, and how the misgivings in- 

tbouglil I d have found any of my ohl friend's family pig- 1 made no reply to this extravagant speech, which waa spired by bar father's headstrong temper lay at the surface 
glng at Lough ran! There's uo mistake, is there? You're a uttered with an Indescribable acceut of ferocity. I looked of all her thoughts, and colored all her worJs nnd art*, 

Tlolt. sure enough?" at Mis* Malioo. Her eyes were cast down, hut her com- “Hare you shown Mr. Holt the lake, Hole?" cried fur 

“Frank Holt is my nnme," I replied, somewhat puzzled by pressed lips and rising color showed that it was not without Martin as ‘lie Joined us. "No? Well, it's growing late to 
this aihlmt* an effort she remained silent My host's brutality jarn-d on go so far to night. Garralt detained me louger thau 1 ex- 

I may mention that I liad been christened "Francis," In roe, and I mentally resolved to make my visit at Ballymahon peered." 
honor of an unck*. my father's elder brother; but except its brief os possible. Tbrn I glanced again nt tbe young " Anything wrong, papa?" asked Miss Mahon. I noticed 
for any music the syllable* may have of their own. the Indy, and wavered. She interested me. that she did not often address a direct question to her father; 

name has been of uo particular advantage to me, though my " As for danger," the baronet went on, “ I suppose there, but when she did, her eyes went straight to his. 
unele is a man of large property. Is a risk at any time of curs showing their leelii, if llteir "Anything wrong?" lie repeated, angrily. "Is anything 

"Ay, Frank; so it would be." replied the haronct; “and mauler is fool enough to drop the whip that controls them, ever right? Old Brannigan has asked for a reduction and 

now I study you. you have quite a look of Sir Francis. But that Is Just what I do not |>rotio*e to do." extension. The same old story—* bad year and hard time*. 

How is he? Wc were at Oxford together a quarter of S ( I attempted to change the subject. The cloth had boon As if I did not wilier by them more than lie does!" 
crntnrv ago. but it seems age* since I have beard of him " ' removed, after the ohl fashion, and wc sot at the shining " Brannigan!" she cried, breathlessly, ami I noticed thui 

"He was very well last time 1 saw hint." I answered. n*l- mahogany sipping our claret. Miss Mahon had not with- her face seemed to pale in the fading light. “Ton don't 

izing that it wua to my uocki that 1 was indebted for Sir drawn, and 1 endeavored, without touch success, to bring her mean Neil Brannigan. of Lis v urns?" 



342 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO 


" Ye*. 1 do." nuwrml Sir Marlin, dogged- 
ly "And nut of I.invatoa lie «"<•* IT lie 
hasn't lilfl rent ready in a week. Due in May. 
and here we are iu August. Tluil's always 
tbe way with llteee |iet>ple : give them an 
inch, and Uiey'll lake an ell He might to 
Imr been cleared out of tbut farm last spring 
If I hi can't make It pay. there are plenty who 

•' Bui. papa. what'# to become of the old 
man?" went no the girl. 

•• That's bin lookout, not mine," answered 
Uir baronet. roughly. 

1 think till* is a case where some allow- 
mire should lie made," she urged. " While 
Hrucmigan's son was alive, he lilwayN juiil to 
the day ; and don't forget. |«ap«, hie daughter- 
in-law wiis my imw. Slit is <it-nii too, and 
her Annie is all the old niim has left.' 

" What Iia* her Annie to do with it!" askix) 
Mahon. 

■ 1 She is my foclcr-tiMf ; wc piny cl t*igelh- 
er a* children. I'm sure yon cannot mean 
hi turn her out on the roast. - ' replied Kate. 
She paused, nnd then went on, with a little 
shiver; " It Is growlnr chilly. Had we not 
betier come in door*? And. without wait- 
log for u reply, she ltd the way toward liic 
home keeping u step in advance of lrer fallier 
and roe I fancied that ihe news bad brought 
into her face more emotion tbun site cared to 
show. 

• K nu i i« loo reoli Dental That was her 
ttl Ollier's failing." remarked the lurunrl. 

■ 1 She would submit to lie robbed and over- 
ridden by lire tenantry, and never oner as- 
sert her 'tights, for fear she might deprive 
some pet lamh of its supper. I've no |w- 
tiunco with such work: 

•' Bui it srenu to me, Sir Marlin.'' I vmi- 
tured. "that Id till* individual citse Mbs 
Miliums sympathy is reasonable enough. 
Tills roan's daughter was her nurse, us I un- 
derstand it ; his granddaughter was her play- 
fellow—" 

“And does that make them any heller 
tli ar» the rest of lire crew?" he broke in, im- 
patiently •• Here i* s letter I received this 
evening. Very apt it is from old Unuinigun 
liimn’If. If li t* not. Ire will be sending me 
otre like il next week when I serve him no- 
tier fihi hi Id you like to read St?" 

lie li.uulnl uie tire letter— a brief xriiwl 
oil half a sheet of cheap note paper. Tire 
lop of the page wo* decorated wiUi the rude 
dtuwing of a coffin. Below were a few 
lines, ill spelled, ill written, but direct aud 
unmistakably to lire point. 

'• Ye've Is-en warned rntiff. Xow take 
care 1 Ye've three wekes lu ntend ver wais 
and hold yer f.mle lung. A fiber that Ink 
out. Take noils. 

'• Fisrr Don au all Mins." 


That was nil; but it noeded not the sinister 
si.. 1t h above nor lire mysterious signature 
la-!ow to explain ihe mmiilng. The missive 
was one of thure- warning* wiiich. according 
to Um' code of the hedge patriot, should pre- 
cede Ibe ultimate am fence to la- curried out 
sorrre dark night b) pistol, bludgeon, scythe, 
or blunderbuss. 

Sir Marlin laughed nod held out his bund, 
There whs a touch of bitterness In his nretri- 
ment. and yet it rang true Tlu-re was no 
no:e of cnnscuin* bravado, nothing forced in 
the tone. ‘ You seem interested," hr add 
• One would think you bud never seen a 
threatening letter " 

“ I ne ver have." I alia wered. gravely, build- 
ing him lorek lire puper. 

"Ob." Ire cried, with renewed laughter, 
"stay with me long enough, and 111 show you 
plenty ' I gel a bushel, more or law. every 


We bud reached tire bull door, and Mias 
Mahon, still a little in advance, was ascend- 
ing the few step* that led to il. Slie turned 
sod looked down on us. 

" You seem to hare found wimriiiing very 
amusing there." she said. ' -May 1 share the 
Joke?" 

" It's an old one, hut il never loses its 
point, " replied tire baronet. • -Another threat 
eniog letter, that’s all." 

Kate .Million railed both hands despairing 
Iv. and I wailed fur the words that accrued 
to tremble on Irer lips. Imt oone came. She 
dropped Irer arms with a weary, hnpclrre 
gesture, and turning abruptly, entered the 
house in silence. 


III.— BONNY KATE. 

During lire next fortnight I enjoyed my- 
self a» much as any young soldier ou detach- 
ment has a right to expect. 1 nale into 
Loughrau two or three limes a week. Inspect- 
ed my men, and received Kcrgrant Bell * re- 
port ’ Tliat was tire extent of my military 
duties. Must of my dat a were spent in 
Kale's company, driving. sketching, walking, 
rowing on tire lake, or b inds playing on the 
lawn. When I allowed myself to reflect, I 
Was often surprised at tile frank way in 
winch nil Martin threw me into bis daugh- 
ter's society Did he reslbw Hml sire wits 
in ■ longer o child? Hail he forgotten tW 
though I bore a inline as good a* bis own. I 
was hut n penniless Milstltern in tire noiori- 
oUsJy piu* isiucitess piofeturoii of arm-.? 1 
could not tell, and I did not cure to guess, 

At breakfast lire bmourt would inquire. 
"Xow. Kale, what do you iniemi to do to 
entertain our friend today?" Ami I wus 
content to take ibe goods lire gods provided, 
ami ask no questions. 

Opportunity! That is what plays the 
muebief with the susceptible harts of young 


men. I might have met Miss Mahon a do*, 
en limes in the hunting Add. I might have 
dunerd with irer at lire county hall, sire might 
have been my companion through iIm'hoIcoiu 
function of a set liinm-v. and beyond the iro- 
pressiou which beauty must always produce 
on s man of any taste, I should nvver have 
thought of her agate. Hut these long days, 
llresc glorious autumn evening* Isikltlmy 
prolonged by the harvest- -moon. who could 
resist them? Before a week had pawed, 
"bonny Kale. "as 1 soon learned to call her. 
was nil tire world and moat of heaven to me. 

I told her so one morning ns I slowly 
rowed her arriia* the little lake. I poured 
out all my heart in eager, incoherent words, 
nod watched anxiously for n glimpse of the 
beautiful face almost hidden under tire lilted 
brim of a great shady lul. At lost she raised 
her graceful bead, and when the glorious 
dark ryes met mine, 1 knew that I had won 
my -uti . 1 rememlMir how fair natuie seemed 
Hint day. how Hie bird songs had a truer, 
sweeter note, how the sun kiotsl the oar 
dimpled water, nnd. above nil. Itow the ate 
swer of my darling's heart seemed to leap in 
visible light from her eyes to mine, Once n 
lifetime, Hut is all! Such moments never 
repeat t bent selves! 

It had been but a two weeks' courtship, 
yet I doubt If We could have known enih 
other l*-tlei,in two year* of life as under- 
stood by the outside world. Shcfbitd given 
me her confidence in a enmpleteuct* that 
touchingly acceuluated tire lonetiness of Irer 
life Iu the harassing doubts nmJ difllcul 
lies of her position, *lre had welcomed an 
atm on which to lenn and a friend with 
Whom to counsel Aim! truly, its I came to 
f willte Hlr Martin's attitude not only towanl 
liix own tenantry, hut towaid tire wlwdu coun- 
ty. I felt such a boundless idly for the girl 
as must soon have turned to Invr bml not Iter 
beauty found a shorter way to my heart. 

For the haronet Imd cnduirkei 1 on a cam- 
paign of extermination. Every petty ex- 
cuse whs taken advnmagv of to wring the 
land from lire poorer tenantry, and not odoo 
since Sir Mimm bud suceei-dcd to lire e* 
lutes hml a lease I wen granted or mrewnl on 
his properly 

Kate fell ns a high spirited girl must, her 
father's isolation: but I do not think sire 
realixed the actual danger which bis conrv« 
luvolved. and I wus for too iuexperiem ml in 
Iristi life, and too Keptical a* hi tire reality 
of Irish outrages, to lie able to enlighten her 
on thin point. Sir Murtiu was undoubtedly 
tire lies! hated muii in tlw province, ami this 
worried Irer: Ire hud received a perfect Jit 
craturu of threatening letters, nnd this, a* an 
evidence of popular feeling, pained her ; but 
no overt attack had ever been attempted on 
Ills person. The hnroiret wiu ul Jens l ns 
much feared a* disliked, and the superstitious 
peunuutry regnided him ax onm-tbing like a 
fiend Incarnate. Not one of them hut would 
Iiiivc shrunk trembling from tin- thunder of 
Ids voice, or covered abjectly under the light- 
ning nf his eye. The threatened eviction of 
the Braonlgan*— ' - notice to quit" had ai 
ready been vtml on the oh! man— affected 
Miss Matron more deeply thiui all tire lung 
list of tyrannic* which stained her father's 

oilier could have done- The circle of devo- 
lution seemed tn be closing round her own 
heart Iuioihl 

1 sought Sir Martin in the library a* toon 
as I left Kate that mom mg. after a sweet, 
solitary walk homeward along the wood rood 
that ltd front the lake to the house The 
lime liad mine to trll the fathi-r idl thnt his 
daughter was to ore. acid to u-k hit consent 
to our uiiinn— a eminent whieb. in view of Hie 
whole tenor of li in conduct toward lire, 1 
could hardly believe would 1 m- withheld 

The library door aloud often, aud voice* 
reached me »» 1 approached. I hesitated to 
iolnulc. but tlw liumnet caught sight of me 
and hailed me. 

"Come in, Holt," Ire cried. " I am im* 
busy j" and 1 entered. 

IV-TIIK BUCK aql'IKtt AT ML* BLACKEST. 

A white - hatred old mail wan standing' 
near the window, a gnarled, wrinkled pea- 
sant of seventy fears or more, and ul his side 
u tall, dark-baited girl Tin- lured of Irer 
Connemara cloak »«• pulled mi fur over her 
face u* alnwivt to hide Irer feature*, but I 
cxmkt see that she wax weeping. 

"Tliafa enough now Brannlgan," twld bir 
Martin. " Tlib is no place for puii|H-rx. I've 
shown you hoirii iiMlulgemc, and H»|m »* all 
1 get for it. Now nut you go " 

"Ali. don't say that, yer Honor ' nkeaded 
Ibe old fclhiw. ' ' Man and hoy. I’ve lived on 
tbi# propetty for l-ard on to eighty your*, an' 
sure it'* not axin' much to lie allowrd to die 
on It." 

" Much or little." remurkrd lliti baronet, in 
a rasping, high- pitched voice. " it's more Hum 
youli get Conic, elvar out!" 

" Come, gramhla," wbispereri the girl . " I 
told ye there wo* no llse in It. Ye might as 
well tie talkin' to w*u o' tire oak-lrec* with 

"Quito m vrt-ll." remarked Mahon "Hurt 
i* tire rtr>it seiMiblr word 1 bare heard from 
either of you." 

" And d ye mane In ray ye'll put me out?" 
cried Bnumknn. mhing Itwitn 

" I Imve said II." returned Ibe Ixnillonl. 

Then Hie nensaat lilted In* |**l-Oc*l bands 
aud curntxl Malum witli a horriiilc earnest 
dc**. Ha curved him living and dvatl; bo 
cursed tlw hour of his lililh arwl lire mother 
w Uo boa- him ; be called ou Heaven s lightning 


and man's vengeance In blast the homo nf the 
tyrant — and tile Imrooet lay boric in hi* chair 
and aneered in tho old roan * face. It wa* a 
hideous scene. 

At last tire trembling girl succeeded in 
dragging Irer grandfather away. Sir Martin 
rose anil follow «d them to the door A* treon 
as he hud wen them into the hall he returned 
and resumed bi* scut He was perfectly 
calm It wus not the impotent ravings of a 
Itrokrn- hearted old man that could louse Mad 
Mahun's evil poMiiim*. 

" Ho frrels better now," remarked tire bar- 
onet. • The old chap wa* quite nrehaira- 
malic lit Ids inuni kings, wasn’t be? fret him 
talk. It’s a good safely valve; u few eur*eu 
lllid a luiteh of Captain Moonlight's rellera 
are the inevitable wqirel <if every one rtf these 
affairs. That's wliat Irish landlords get 
when they ask for their own," 

I wa* profoundly disgust ml. 1 had came 
to the lilreary to tell a father of UU daughter’s 
love, but I could not speak of snitimrnt to 
this ealloitx, sneering man. 1 put my own 
mission for u moment aside, and knowing 
the intercut Kale look in these poor people, 
] ventured a plea in their iH-hair 

' Why are you evicting lire Braiiuigunx?" 
I a*kcd. controlling my voice M well as I 
could. 

Why? For a very gowl ivaaon Be- 
came they haven’t paid their rrnl. Besides 
if* a g«H«( chance to get rid of tlrero. They’ve 
tires uiihxI too much on faaried Mirvicc* ami 
long couoectloB with this family." 

" A ml wliat will become of them?" I in- 
quired. 

" There arc only tire two left." the haronet 
answered, "that old chap and his grand- 


daughter They’ll go to America. I sttppo 
and ifu. ai riddance of I out rubliish. say I." 

" lie I* too old a man to be forced to begin 
life anew," 1 urged. 

" Rubbish!" Sir Martin retorted, almrply. 
"I.ook Irene, llolt, ytm'nr loo M>fl-h«arted. 
Tell me, what does y our father do when hi* 
tenant* fall hohintl in their rrnl?'' 

' My father!" 1 answered, in some surprise. 
"My father never had u tenant in all bis 
life. ' 

"What’’ wnamed tire baronet, raising 
hiDiM'lf in hi* chair. ” A'our fatliet —lire lord 
of eight thouMnd acroo — never Imd a wuaot." 

" You are speaking of my untie, Sir Fruu- 
d»." 1 explained. " JJy father, Colonel Holt, 
a* you miKt lie aware—" 

" I um aware of nothing." be interrupted, 
passionately. “ Ih> y ou mean jo tell me you 
are not the 'sun und Ireir of Warlock Abbey?" 

"No snob luck." I Mi»w«i«d, womlenng 
at his ruik-’iice. •• 1 have four very healthy 
cousin* and two or three irepbow* between 
me and that sucresMou." 

Sir Martin's eyes were alaolutcly blaming 
lie made one ur two alteinjus tos|ieuk before 
Ire could ruaMer his voice. “So you have 
csicrre Irere under false pretence*, he said 
at lost " You n-piCM-ut youraelf to roe as 
roy old friend's *ou— ' 

" 1 beg your pardon." I interiupted. quick- 
ly. "1 I in vc never represented mysdf ax 
other Uian I alii, und 1 will thunk yoc ' 


'• Oh. enough of lld» quibbling!" he shout- 
ed. "If I (tcei'ivrtl luywlf it was for you 
lu set me right. You roust buve seen how 
matter* stood; hut il suited you to allow me 
to go on in roy mistake." 

Here whs a situation! I bail entire to ask 
Ibis inon fur his ilaughler's lined, und In-fore 
1 li.vi opened my ii|w oil tire subject I was 
informed, in language lent was nothing short 
of insult, that nil lire kimirre** lavished on 
me luid lieen intended for the Ireir of Wiir- 
lock Abbey. 1 restrained my temper us well 
as I could, nnd anaweretl quietly ; 

"1 never knew there was any mistake. 
Kir Martin. You told nre you were my uu 
cle'a oldest friend. Il did nut rn-em surpris- 
ing to roe Hint you xhould extend ymir Imm- 
nitalily to hi* nspbeW. Since 1 was wrong, 
it only remain* hi thunk you for wliat ha* 
Imh-ii— up till this monirtil — a very ph-uxaiit 
viait, and to relieve you of my company as 
mm mi ns 1 <*D," 

I bowed gravely utld turned toward lire 
diMir. but tin' baronet overtook roc in two 
xlridew and laid a detaining band on my 
■inn .Mad Mahon wa* evidently ashamed 
of lire w<inU htx ungovernable U-nijwr hml 
prompted. 

"So. no. Holt," he said, "l-you will 
pardon me— 1 haven't an angelic dl»|HMhiuu 
ut Hm: lawt of Uluru, and nkl Braimiguu ruf- 
fled nre. Of course you are welcome In-re; 
glad tn have you for your uncle'* sake— for 
yon r own. hut. yon see. 1 fancied you were 
Frank Holt's non — aud — and of comae— 
you know how susceptible girls are. If you 
had Warlock Abtwv in fall larek it|Km.'ilie 
Casa would Ire different; hut you've nothing 
to marry on. aud IwrlMpR It would be Just n* 
well if toil ami Kate did not an- quite so 
much of each nlber. A hit of seolinretil is 
Ilnfi.-Jn d up quickly lu a lonely place like lht» " 

Cnaras a* tire speech Was— for the Itlic k 
Sqioic was no diplomat, anil let hi* ntean- 
ing apprur with Iwulal elearnesa— il cuvr lire 
lire opportunity 1 oouglit, Tlreie liad In-en 
enough of mistake, i wax resolved neither 
to remain in his Imuse under false pretence* 
nor lei leave it with my secret unspokMi. 1 
looked hint full Id tlw 'ey o u* lie *i«Mj Irefore 
me. with hi* Irani] still on my sleeve. 

"A* far us Mire -Million t* OOflCtfBed, sir 
the mi<clii*f i* already done. 1 have told 
her that 1 loved tier, aud she i* goml enough 
tu return ray love.” 


He started bock, and the lurking devil tbai 
wa* never quire hidden in liix fiu-e leupoj 
boldly up and conrufsed every feature. I 
*iiall not attempt to dcecnbe wiral follnweil 
Hi* rage reached Hie paint of road nen. and 
I can liuiK-Hly say Hml his taunts, hi* tbrau, 
iii* insult*, affetued me DO ntore than nugbi 
the raving* of a lunatic Mv one oodrcIimm 
fn llny was a i BO M l Mtriem pity for lire poc* 
girl whose only remaining parent was tin 
frenzied creature before me. And in tlo 
raid*! of the *tonn she maml Ihe tbreshulrt 
and stood awl iuoknl at liim 

The tenure*! lulled little hv little undrt 
the serene power of ber eye. 1 ImmI stnitclied 
nut roy arm when nbo entered, to shield her 
from a ]*unxy*m which reenwd to threaten 
personal violence K|ie took my hand and 
beld it a moment, and her own did not 
UemMe. 

At la*l tlw haronet turned HWay abruptly, 
and flung himself in a m lining chair. Thru 
she truikc for the flint lime: 

Have you done, father?'' 

" Ye*.for the preaeBL"fae ansnerrd.honr.re- 
ly. If that |i Hirer tongued fortune-hunter 
hasn't nolle iu half an hour. I may repeat 
■note of Uie home trntlui 1 have bout tolling 
biro," 

"llovr Frank llolt. fat her," she said, "and 
I w ill never marry any oHier man " 

" I will *ce you in your coflln Irefore you 
ever marry him with my good - will, h« 
Mtiirhd, mill Hien bo lay buck iu the chair 
ami closed hi* eyea. 

KJie lurned to roe, aud took my hand in 
both hers. 

"And now. my dear, you had better go 
TbU i* a lioim you must never eater again ' 

I knew that. I had not re.«-nted her father’* 
insult*. Imt it was impoMillde la court their 
repetition. But it wa* very hard to leave Iter 
Mum, 

'I cannot sav good by like thi*; I must 
see yml alollc ; I must see you again," I 
whispered 

" toll shall see me again." *he answered, 
quietly . " ami I do not mean 1o say good by 
at nil 

We huil paused out of the lilirary, le*v 
lllg Ibe laui-iirt lying in Ids cliuir eitlicr 
sli-cpiiig or feigning As we stood in the 
linil. Kate- glanced quickly round, anil then, 
testing I* -ih liarolH on nty shoulders, kissed 
tile miicklv on tin- clwek. 

■ This (it in* remie," she said. "I shall 
lake a turn in the yew walk every evening 
after dinner. Now gu." 

She pushed um- away with a gwitire Hint 
Wax almost a caress uml turniug quickly, re- 
rulered Hie library I went to Hie » tables 
and ordered my horse, intending In rend my 
servant over for my luggage In Hie afternoon 
A* I cuiileied down the arentm hope and 
fear were struggling for the mastery in roy 
hewrt, hut love love tmiiimmrd hv doubt, 
and unvexed by apprehension — shone out 
with Ibt' quiet radiance nf a star. 

V.-AN HUSH EVICTION. 

II was h.-ug before I could bring my darting 
to accept my plans. t*he owned ber love 
freely, und vitoi never coy to admit that she 
would marry roc. with her father's consent 
or without II. Tbe formt-r alternative wu* 
only stated us u matter of form Wc both 
knew kiiw lnqs-U-sit was to attempt to move 
the Black Squire fmm bix resolve, ami from 
the moment he learm-ll that 1 was only Hie 
is sir younger *nn of a younger cob, all pivacl 
tli lily of my living an eligible suitor for Kale 
vaatalied from his mind, lint llirrc wa- an 
other course, I urged it. with all tin- energy 
love lent me during nianv it twiligbl talk 
amid the sombre yews. Kate dal not say- 
yea. and did not any no. Shr argued in favor 
nf procrastination; hut I. who could *re<- no 
hope in the future to reward delay, pressed 
sltiiiigly for Ifntuedlute action. 

My plan was simple, arid would avoid most 
of Hie disadvantage of an avowed elope- 
ment Mire Mahoo had received ber etluea 
lion ul n coavnil near Brussels, and had left 
behind lw-r a memory which was still nffec 
l innately cherished In' t lie good histci*. They 
Imd urgol her to pay llw-ui a visit, umv I 
urged Kate to accept the invitation, and 1 
frankly avowed toy iutmaled motive* Wliat 
would la- (waerUmti to follow lief after a fe» 
days, uml then raarriuge. Impninrs*. and a 
trinmpluuii return? I Tielieved I could aup- 
tsirt a wife. II not In luxury, ul least in eom- 
foit; an<l the certainty tliat Kir Martin would 
disinherit his daughter for her (linolwdience 
was among tbe least of my trouble*. Nor 
did 1 slop to rellect that there might lie ninny 
obstacle* in the way of a Proteetaul. a heretic 
oflicer. w1h> sought to wed a Human Catholic 
girl nnd a convent guest. But lu those day* 
theological questions did not bother tnc much. 
Love wu roy religion, and bonny Kutc toy 
patron saint 

Tlie disctimion of these plan* wu* relieved 
hy many long intcilmhw of desultory talk, in 
iciestitigonly to the two specially concerned. 
Kate Hiouglil Hie pri)|»>Msl arrangement gmxi 
—that is. if we were forced 1«. it— but her ad 
vio- was to watt, uml 1 |wrforee rnnscuted. 
not kimning what Mp to expert from time, 
but powerless to shake the girl's n-*oluii«n 
Ho pma u sl the tiist wrek aflct roy expulsion 
from 1 t.i 1 1 x rit:* In ii 

In this time 1 met Sir Martin only once 
and Unit w*s on an ullirini occasion, Tbe 
eviction pmisssliugs against Braunigan b„d 
I "Tit preweil. and he was to he di*piwH<s-<s] 
on a certain day. It was expectol that rv- 
msIaoi-i- would he offered, ami I rrceivisl or 
dtre to L. oioeut with the culiic force under 



HAY #, 1881. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


343 


tny command Though I had been more 
tlun three weeks in Donegal. ibis «u the 
Orel line I hud been called on lo “ support 
the civil ami." ami I did not like the duly. 
Hetnembering who ibe Htaonlgaii* were, 
however, and knowing Kale* regard for 
them. I attended with Uie determination of 
stretching every point in their favor, and 
•poring the poor creature* uuy needless *uf 
feeing. Sir Martin was present, and ut 
it now Jrdg<-d my appearance by mixing lilt 
liai nbout a quarter of an inch, u aalutatinn 
which I returned with my sliffeM inTiltiry 
sal me. Me eyed me haughtily, and hail op- 
portunity offend, I have no doubt would 
have made me f«*l bln mug Uteri*) authority 
as unpleasantly as possible. We exchanged 
no words. 


To my peat relief, the eviction was ne- 
COmpHabetl easily and quietly. No appoai- 
tion was offered, and in hn)f Hit hour nil wit. 


over Old Rmnnlgun and his dnngbtrr stood 
on the road side, surrounded by their poor 
furniture— flotsam and Jetsam from their 
wrecked home. 

TI>o only demonstration occurred when Sir 
Martin Malton drove away. A* Ui* car pasted 
through the crowd which the occasion hud 
gnthcred, three deep groans were given in 
chorus The Iroronrt stood up in his sent 
and glared furiously around him. 

" Ah, sit down, rcr Honor." crirtl aiming 
voire. “Sure it isn't already the divil has 
bis gridiron to undher ye " 

A taunting laugh enipliasixed the words. 
The Black Squire. ** though disdaining to 
notin’ the interruption, resumed his sent and 
drove rapidly away. 

I enmsed over to where Hrannlgun and his 
daughter were standing. A group of sympa- 
thizing neighbors fell hack at my approaclt. 

“ I'm very winy this trouble has euae up<in 
you. Mr Brnuttigon." I said: for th« picture 
of lira white hatred peasant, surrounded hy 
the ruins of hi* Itousebold. whs vety pitiful 
in my eyes •• If I can help you in any way. 
I hope you will let in* know . Have you any 
plans for tlra future?" 

The Old man railed Ids kud to Ids linid 
in a dared wav, and muttered some unintel- 
ligible wnrds. llis granddaughter came to 
hi* assistance 

“ We're thankful to ver Honor, "she said, 
speaking cheerfully nntf pleasantly : ■ 1 hut the 
heart's pul across in poor grnndda wid this 
day * work, an' he don't rightly know wbut 
hr'does be savin' '' 

“I asked him what you lutomkil to do.' I 
replied, turning to the girl— n good braking 
young woman enough, us tall mid shapely as 
my Kate, with thick black hair, and a fairly 
intelligent fuoe. 

"I'b lltaakfiil to yc. sir," slra answered 
“We're goin' to America. We've friend* 
there, an' wid tbu bkaain’ o' God we'll do 
ISnelr.” 

'• Have you money (or your pn stage? ' I 

asked. 

“Our pawstge is tuk an' ped for." *lra re- 
plied. " MisaKole— bless lier kind faeortand 
her party face'— site give us enougii for Hint. 
An" site give ntc mote too "—the girl's eyes 
tilled with team, and her voice broke a little — 

• she kissed ms, so die did, and prayed G»l 
to blew us; an' she give me a tokeu to reuiim 
Ur her by, " 

So Kale bnd l>e«i there. The nugel liail 
come to carry grate and succor to the bap- 
lew creatures ere the destroyer hod dealt his 
final blow I had guessed as much. Might 
we not owe this Moodhws eviction to my dar- 
ling's softening influence? 

“ You’ll need all you can get in the new 
country," 1 said, and I pressed u little money 
Into the girl's burnt. I* wm not much, for I 
was a poor man, but site Ihnnktd me pro 


when she glanced from mv gilt to tlw uni 
form I wore. Kot how many centuries must 
three two races, separated only by u few 
miles of nr*, be enigma* la each other? 

Then I marched my command buck to 
Lnugliren, swallowed a busty dinner, uml 


VL-THB [AST TRVHT. 

Kale seldom failed me. I think in the 
week since I had left the house she had miss- 
ed ool V a single night, and this evening 1 was 
sure t(i at she would lie anxious to hear the 
details of a day so eventful to her humble 
friends, Therefore I pressed Warlock to 
the top of his speed, and as I tattooed him 
id a clump of larch, outside the gale. I noticed 
that I was half nit hour earlier Hum usual: 
■mi vet Kate was before me. pacing up aild 
down, and evidently expecting me with im- 
patience. 

*• You were nt the eviction.'' she began at 
once. ] sluing by my greeting, nnd going 
straight to the subject that was uppermost iu 
her mind. 

” Ye*-. I saw it all," 

“Well, what did you think? How did 
they — • Hi. teil mv all about it. " *bc tuked, in- 
coherently. 

• There is very link’ to toll," I replird. 
'■ Then* ax* no violence; there was Occasion 
for none; but the whole nffiiir was pitiful 
enough '* 

•• It must hove been. ' si w answered “Oh, 
bow tlwiikful I mu that (hay u*ik my ml 
vtre' For my father "—aba wrong her hands 
with a gesture half anguish and half repul- 
sion my father told me tlmt he would have 
liked to ae« them shot down liku rabbits; that 


he had hoped, since they had made such a 
fuss about their hovel, that they « tsu Idu’t llxv* 
left it »o tamely " 

• Impossible!" I cried. ' * Surely even lie — '* 
‘ He told me so himself . ' die repeated 
" lie must be out of bis mind, then. I can 
understand that n man might oov«t ibe poor 
creature*' farm, but how any one in cold 
bh hkI could desire—” 

" You do not know my father. "aim inter- 
rupted. ’ This tiling baa grown to be a 
passion with him Ho thinks that every 


place, and the severity resets See these 
threatening letters, and listen to the biases 
and groans Hint meet him in public wherever 
he goes. He think* there is no possible good 
in the Irish peasantry, nnd he would like to 
me them exterminated If he could.” 

Sim spoke with outward caiman*, but I 
had learned to rend her eyes even in this foil- 
ing light, and 1 saw how deeply aha wax 
tnaved. 

"The Braanlgana are going to America, 
they tell me.' I n-markcrl. willing to divert 
Irat thoughts. " The girl suid you had beeu 
Ui visit them ami wl*li them good-by " 

" 1 did wish them guod-by. returned Kate. 
'■ for they will lie grim- before I return. They 
think I have started by this time." 

*' Are you going away, then?” I gasped 
“Yen; I have miide up my mind, and I 
start for Brunei* at once.' 

So *Ue hud yielded. The plan we had dis- 
ctisM.il so oftVn was to lie adopted at last. 
Kale would tie mine, bound to me by a tie 
which her father* wrath could never un- 
loose. It was a question of a few days only, 
I accepted the bliss Iter avowal brought, 
and did not care to ask the cause of Iter 
seemingly Hidden determination; but Kale 
was mote composed, and die told mo. 

I now learned that iwnrc mv departure 
more Hum one .-tunny scene bad taken nine* 
between father and daughter im tlw subject 
of the Rmiuilganx. My nninc Imd bteu la 
(Mined from the ll»l. and Sir Marlin bud 
steadily declined to admit the possibility uf 
xdv engagement, and Kate, inwardly resolv- 
ing travel to give me up— so die sweetly con- 


fessed us she walked at ray side through the 
gathering dusk— saw the futility of discu*- 
sion. On the question of the eviction of her 


old nurse's filthily »lie was more outspoken, 
Imt equally incapiihtc of moving the head- 
strong baronet. Then die resolved, since 
slra was unnlikt to iafluonce hint for gmal. 
Unit rite Would no longer acre]* the shelter 
of hi* roof. Site was willing to trust me, she 
said, auil even if I wits afraid to wed so un- 
■iutjful a girl, the kid vent would be opeu to 
her, And she cm ted with a tremulous sigh 
nnd a faint pleasure of the hand that lay an 

"Lillie cured I lo analyze the motives from 
which my happiness sprung. I wa* ton well 
satisfied with the result to be critical I 
caught ray darling to my heart, ami swore 
thut she never should have cause to regret 
the trim she reposed in in.-, mid I staled my 
vow with n long betrothal kb*. 

She alMOdutied berralf for a moment to 
tny ctuhrare, and rested her head on my 
*li>>iilder. while her eyes, shilling lu the star- 
light, looked up into mine Then die drew 
I sick, and rapidly sketched lo ntc the plait 
she had outlined. 

To my surprise, her resolve was to lie put 
in action iliat very evening. She procured 
to leave by a train which passed through 
Llffunl a little before midnight. This would 
living her to Dubliu in time for the morning 
mail boat to Holy head, hi that site could he 
in ItrtiSMrU the next day but one. I wax to 
follow later, us souti a* 1 could olitaiu a short 
leave of alMcnce. Time was immaterial 
She would Ira safe ami comfortable nt lira 
(MTWL Snell was her plan. 


go lo Lifford on foot and ulouc nt sucli an 
Goar. I raised strenuous objections. Why 
not left lier father that site desired lo vbsl 
friend*— either at the convent or else where— 
and leave home openly in lira light of day? 

•' Because." explained Kale, my father 
would not allow me to gn. He is suspicious 
of you— of ua. He would hick me iu my 
room first. ” 

But it Is Impute. I Me for you to walk six 
miles over these country roods at miduight," 
I remonstrated. 

"Tliat docs not frighten mo in lira least." 
slie said, with decision. " You do not know 
what my life has tracts for the past week. I 
will M, I am delertniiHil. in any COM. If 
yon disapprove of it all. you iivctf nut follow 


more I thought of this adventure, the k»*s I 
liked it. At the first Hush I had Iraen uhlc 
to realize nothing save that a step was lo i« 
taken which would living Kate ami uie to- 
gether. Bid now. on miIst second llioughl, 
1 could not help wishing die had arranged 
otherwise. Of course she knew Iter father 
trailer than I could know him, aud it was not 
for toe to estimate lira obstacles dm had liu- 
dcrtakcti lo surmount; but at lead. I reflect 
ed, ray presence would not compromise lier 
at the outset. It was lira idea of that lonely 
night walk to I.iffoul which disquieted me. 
and I resolved that I would not permit her 
to start without an escort 

I Stole itcrena the lawn till I wo* In full 
view of tin gloomy front of the mansion, 
dotted here ami there with lighted window* 
I look shelter under a spreading walnut-tree , 
u position which commanded both the garden 
entrance Arid the front door. I wua sure she 
would choose one of these, and 1 watched 
and waited. 

I seemed lo have been hours ut tny pout be- 
fore the great clock over lira stable* chimed 
out nine. It mis very duilt DO*, nnd then 
was enough of autumn in the September 
lirecxe to whirl many « withered leaf dawn 
to my feet. A dug wan Imrking far off mi 
the mountain side, nnd I distinctly heard a 
splash in the lake xa if a fish had risen. How 
slowly the time pasted! It must have Irani 
eight o'clock before Kate left me. I hud 
been little mure tliau half au hour at my 
pout. 

Tire front door opened; I could see the 
ruddy lamp-light inuring out on the gravel- 
sweep. 1 leaned forward, like a hound 
straining on tlra trash, ami listened with nil 
ray ears. Voices reached me, Sir Martin 
stood on tile door step, anil bade farewell to 
Mr. GarraU. I could we the agent's little 
figure for mi iostntil lo the hrighiimM liefore 
he paswd beyond it. stepping briskly down 
lira avenue. Mud Mahon lingered a moment 
on the step. hi* tmuoive form hocked liy the 
light from the hall. Was this prudent fur a 
threatened man? I could have fancied how 
the Black Squirt- would laugh had ituv one 
usknl him ilxat question; and. indeed. I hud 
myself little lraiief in the actuality of Itish 
tmtrMM Then the door closed. 'ami 1 re- 
sutneil mv vigil 

All owf bunted from the tree directly aver 
bend, i slartol. autl mentally took note of 
lira condition of my nerves Then I tried tu 
look at my wateh. hut could »■# tiulbiiig. 
There wuuhl be a moon later, but just now 
the sky was growing overcast nnd the datk 
no** deepened. 

At lost' Like the w inking of au eye tbu 
light flashed from the hall, and was cut off 
again as the door wua shut; but that instant 
was all I needed. In n moment I had run 
stealthily aenna lira lawn and whispered tny 
darling's name. 

“ You Irate?'' Site turned quickly ns slra 
spoke. ” I thought you were at home by 
this time.” 

•' Listen, Kate." I urged; "let tue go with 
you to the station. I cannot have von walk- 
ing all tbnl any alone-" 

“No." she ait id, firmly; '•that would at- 
tract attention— the very thing I wish to 
avoid. No one will know uu-i but if you 
were with nra the station -muster. emyl*xl\ 
would be watching." Slra look up a hand- 
ling which *>lra had rested on the lowest step 
while we whispered together, “ Now go, 
slra went on. in lira same lone. “ You were 
very wrong to come here at all. and you 
might have embarmarail me greatly, (live 
me your word that you will go Straight 
bullM." 

" Must I?" 

"If you do not, I shall return— and oh. 
Frank:’ *hr nddrd. with a piteous appeal in 
her low voice, “you would not doom a dog 
you loved to tire’ llfo I have led there si ore 
you left. " 

“I will go." I replied. “I will go imme- 
diately. " 

And 1 did. Only mice I paused uml looked 
lutck- Sire wns p suing a IlgliltMl window, 
autl frtHii the obscurity 1 could sec her slop 
and stretch nut her arms toward It with an 
appealing gesture. It wns the window «f 
the library, the room Sir Martin usually occu- 
pied in lira evening. Dili she realize at that 
moment that slra had *«en lrar fat lier for lira 
tost lime? Mv heart yearned lo comfort 
her. but I could dm linger, I Imd promised 
to gu straight home, aoil with resolute, rapid 
steps I trod the familiar rwul. 

m-DMPAIJL 

I found Warlock where I had left httu. 
Of late, lira old ltorse haxl been well used in 
waste an evening hour or two in that grove 
iff larches. Tlie moon witsltcgiiiniiigloaiscrt 
Iter pre*en« iu the sky But for the tall 
woods abttul Hnllymalion. *Ju- would have 
been alrewly vlsitile 

I wax ruling quietly along, and might have 
covered half it mile or more since leaving Sir 
Martin's gale, when a deafening report sud- 
denly rent the silence The sound route 
from lira direction of Bnllv million, and the 
echoes rolled with a voin- like thunder among 
tlra bilk But the sky was clear, anil at that 
moment the moon showed herself above the 
tree* tlmt bordered the truck to the left. I 
drew rein and lUtcm-d. The reverbcintiou* 
died sullenly away, and no sound broke the 
stillnes*. I could not Imagine what hail hap- 
pened. The report hod seemed to my Star- 
tled scores os loud as the volume of a hun 
died ciionon*. 

Aa I waited and puzzled, I noticed a heavy 


smoke rising over the wood* around Bally- 
malum. Something serious bad happened in 
the houte 1 bud just left. 1 wlraelsd bark, 
and urged Warlock tit his best pace along 
lira lonely any 1 bad rune. 

Was the place on Bn ? On no othur hy petti* 
role could I account for the smoke . yet, if *•', 
how luvl tlra flee *|iread no quickly. Tor *11 
hiul been peaceful enough half an Imur 
fore? And 1 lieu the explosion. It *a»xt*W 
lie supponed that the Black Squire kept a po* - 
tier magnaiw in his tellur, yet uoth'm^* 
could have justified *•> natounding u report 

Warlock's buofs rlsttered on the harej ( nuc . 
otinniized mad. I cho-kei] hi* speed for > 
mimrant us I reariml tlra gute, for the- turn 
there was abrupt. At tlra Instant, as I xv nK j 
net to shake the rein* loose for a gallop .... 
the avenue, a dozen men sprang out of ,> ^ 
phmtatiou on either side, 1 haa hut tlrp. 
notice thill they were d resold in the oql| M _, 
js-xvtiit frieze, and tliat all wore n 
rttso Hie horse's hnul wo* seized, and / »u* 
drugged to the grtuind. A lltick woollrn 
cloth wa* fiisieiied over mv face ao closely 
Hint I (mild not see, and could ucareely 
brenlhe. 1 strove to cvr out, but tny voice 
must have Is-en inaudible a yard off. A 
powerful grasp wag kill tipcm my amis, ami 
I wax hunlrd along tietween two men. 

The sudden nttaek tuid tlra tiller darkness 
which cuvek i pixl me Irawildered me so I could 
form no idea of dinrilmi Very soon how* 
ever. I felt Ibe spring of lurf undrr my fret, 
mu I knew that we had left the road. Tlra 
ground trended rapidly upward, ami I coll- 
ier tured that I wa* being taken lo lira lulls, 
but with wbnl purpose I could not imagine. 
iiot could I hazard a guess a* lo my captors' 
Intention*. So we kept on, as it teemed to 
me. for bourn The walking wax rough, 
over clumpy heath -land, sod I frequently 
»llp|Ktl down between lira "tuoonck*," anil 
would have fallen bui for lira rough grip 
that was still kept on my arms. I wax near- 
ly exhausted when a luill was culled, and I 
wm allowed lo sink duwn, half fainting, on 
a tuft of heather Bui tny iron Me* were not 
over. All unseen, I fell hands bitty about 
me, and presently it long rope was' wound 
around me. embracing arms. leg*, and body 
ill its intricate eon vi. lot ion*. Tlreu tlra muf- 
fler was withdrawn from tny head, and a 
hoarse voice ordered me In hold my tongue 
if 1 eared far my life. As this comtuaud n** 
uaqdiaxized by tlra iweMure to iny temple of 
Minieiliiug tlutt felt like u pistol iinrrel. I did 
niff venture to ilisoliey. Moreover, Uie re 
muval of tbo slltfling horse blanket or what- 
ever it wa* that had lieen used to blind me, 
wa* so grateful lhai I lay drinking in long 
draughts of lira pure mountain bJt. contented 
for lira muinenl to lie at rest. I lay on my 
back, completely concealed by the fragrant 
I readier, lira only object I could are was I lie 
quiet moon, by this! lure high in the heaven*, 
and beginning to xlupe toward itx retting. 
This trump aensu lira mouutuin* must buvn 
lasted for four or five hours 

Prx-etniy I tried i<> stir and nt up. but I 
had been loo skilfully Iwuml. 1 could not 
move it limb. Then 1 spoke, at first softly 
and with drprccatinfl. Ian ** this elicited no 
rebuke. I r,il-il my voire nnd situated aloud. 

No answer, the only sound was lira breeze 
among Hie headier tons. I called ugniti and 
lignin before I realized (hat I must be among 
the Di irir gul Mminlniai, and itrutinbly *im« 
miles from nnv liuinnn liubitution. 

The rape nils dtuwu lightly eixiug h to lie 
painful. Imt this was a minor diacooifort. 

My own thoughts were my wore! limneni. 

I could ll>i( imiw doubt but that lira explosion 
1 Intel heard ami the smoke | had Hero bud 
denoted -inte utturk on Bnliymuhon— the 
house imd been fired. jrarlMp* blown up— nnd 
1 hud Idumlereil into the gang of niiM'reantx 
in they went returning from tlrair devilish 
work. They iiad simply repressed nra a* a 
witness who Imd arrived t.xi quickly au lira 
*• cue. ami Itxd tnkrii tlra trouble (■> bring mu 
up here, where 1 might lie fur boar* Iwforc 
nuy one cbnnrrd to pax* within miiiimI of my 
nw Tlu-y might mare roih have killed 
me; I dimly wondered why lliey hud not 
taken that course'. Ferfaops, a* 1 hud never 
harmed them, the rxncal* hud conacieuce 
eomigii to liegrudge n use lew* murder. 

Sir Martin and’ his manskm wire wiped 
from the face of die earth This I did not 
for n moment douhl I Irelu Veri lu Irish 
• ■UlTHgt* now Tlra engine of tUwtructlon 
luul been lcvrll.ll agxilMt tbu biituil landlord , 

was merely (xuglit in ibe recoil. But 
KiUc— »b’ there was the Ihmigbt of xnguisb, 
lltere win the reflectii.n that stung me like 
x lush till I Writhed iinpi’irullv ugniuxt the 
Iraiiqu-n bonds tlutt belli me lu-lple«e! 

I Itxd lust Been my darling us she paused 
for s tnomeni outside lira library window. 

TIm ii, obedient lo her liiddiug, I bud prc*ecd 
on without looking back W Lit lrar bud Kite 

gone? Wlixt hn<l Iwcoara of lrar. this gentle, 
high bred girl, alone ou there midnight roods 
where amrwrin* lurked in nmhudi, where 
even strong men were purely zi-il in a mo 
nratii nnd hil away powerles* ns babe*? 

She wua tbu Black Suuire's daughter. 
Would tlra »in* of lira father Ic visit«l on 
the child: or. on the other hand, would Irat 
many gracious .feed* in that house iff d »rk 
nut* Iki remembered to lier salvNtiivn? I 
could not guess. I could only strain against 
my l mkkI*. and tdl Uie hour* till morning 
with alternate prayer* nnd cunws. 

Day cattle at !n*t; first rosy dawn, and 
then the fiery tun climbing higher and high- 
er lit the heaven*. It wa* one o'clock iu the 

i CVmOismI Oil pmf* BM.) 



H44 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO KM. 



THE AGKICULTI'KAL BUILDING. COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION Drawn iit Cuarmm Gkaiiam aktkk the Awkitto Puaka— [See I'aob 





MAY 


HARPER’S WEEKLY- 


345 



PORTRAIT OP AIlSS BEATRICE GOELET BY JOHN S. S A 11G ENT, 
lx the Tiiiuteekth Aksual Exhiutiox or tue Society or Americas AKTiirrs,— [S ee Page #4®,] 


Digitized by Google 



HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 17N 


346 


THE. BLACK SQUIBB. 

{ftntmmd fm pnv X4X.J 

nflernnon liefnre a police patrol, scouring 
Ibu country fur evidence ou Itio tragedy of 
tl>o night. happened upon mu ii* ] Uy, and 
rut my liouda. Aud Um is tin* talc they 
Imd to tell: 

A charge of dynamite bad lawn excluded 
upon the window-alll uf Air Martin * library, 
and tlm whole (if that portion of the house 
it a* shattered to Its foundation*, Tin- latr- 
oilct Lai] esrupuii ; by (lie merest rhiincv lie 
bud happened !«• (to lino the dining room for 
a gloss uf cherry at tin- moment nf tin? explo- 
sion. So the blow had miwud Ibe head al 
uhli-li ll wa* levelled. 

The remit ins nf two pcoplr— a man nrul a 
avimnn- mangled. blown to piece*. uurecnC 
nizithlr. had lurn found outside tin- limit* of 
the liouae, clew to the library window. 

Who were these people? Till* wts my 

first question. mid the parliid answer I re 
Or i veil w** unexpected enough. Until the 
police found me ou tin- mountain aide, miles 
from Hdllyruabon. it had been "iifipuwd that 
I had perished in tin' explosion Kate's 
nu id. it seemed, knew something of my clan, 
destine mi-cring* with her mi*irv», and in 
the horror of lust night alie brul tuJtl all she 
knew. .Sbu had even heard my voice -v» kite 
>i (um|«mr<l Ibe lining lady to tlir door, for 
Kate had been obliged to take tin girl partly 
into hrr confidence. Anil when it waa ns- 
t-er tallied Uni Win lock had gallmwd » tder- 
Ii-k» into Lmighnut, and a careful anarrlt 
failed to reveui mv wlMTenlwuia. tlie conclu- 
sion scented inevitahtu that the mangled 
fragments uf liuinNiiity wiittcrwl nu the 
lawn had once borne ibe nonve of Flank 
I [oil. 

The theory uf the police w«« that live dyna 
mite had been art, with 11 dork- work attach- 
ment, early in tlie evening, and Mint at (he np 
pointed time tbc infernal machine hud done 
n* work. Tlm maid n atateinent allowed 
that Mi»* Mahon and I bod pmhahly lieen 
lingering outside tlie window when the 

Then tlm wuiuiui'* rentaitia would lie those 
of Kate Mahon, I would cut believe It; I 
run Id not believe it. A mistake had Item 
made In mv cape. Why unt In liers? It i# 
true 1 liad laat corn her n* aim stood beneath 
that window. Don (indistinguishable among 
the other mins; lint it was not in le> ima- 
gined that she lingered there for half an 
Krwif. To me. in least, who knew her ur- 
gent rea«on* fur haste, the mippixiliim wnn 
iii.vtmtM.ible. and )*l tli« i-altn. mein ncltoly 
confidence of lltc jKiilcerwn filled me with an 
agonizing doubt, tint tlm doubt was a* no- 
thin* to the mortal pang that turned my 
blood to Ice when they confronted me with 
the terrible proof — a little lurqumu- ung that 
Imd been found on the charred liand of one 
of the victim*, 

1 had seen Ihnt ring a score of lime* on 
Kntea tin get. and hop*' wp killed hy I (lack 
Itormr in ibe presence uf its evidence. Tbrre 
nrs hours la all live* which do pen can de- 
scribe. 

I m* Sir Martin, creel, proud, defiant, 
amid the min* of his home. I rcntemltcr 
the pitilem eoldocn. of his voice when 1 tried 
to sped* to him of In* low. 

" 1 I uve IimI no daughter, sir. That girl 
crofted to 1st my cblld_ from the hour that 
kite cejutrd Id ois-v me." 

Two weeks laler the Black Squire wa* 
borne into Bnllymuluio, <lead. A Mvood at- 
tempt proved mure SitLcewful. aud tile ty- 
rant so long threatened met hi* doom at 
last. Wliat u dynamite curt ridge bad failed 
to accomplish ww uft riled in a moment by 
it peasant"* blutidcrhus*. 

1 bad left Ireland l>cfar<i thi* Hr** ranched 
me. I had exchanged into n regiment order 

ed on forrlgo aervww. and wan busy prepar- 
ing my mildl for India. 

When I mIUhI, tills whs the |xilio«> theory 
of the Rallyuialion outrage Hninnigan, 
eacorted by a party uf moon lighters . halliard 
and fired the mine. Tgnnntni of ilte power 
nf tbc explosive, the old limn bml nut allow- 
ed himself time in e<ew|H', and >i> tsune lu- 
romprebensihle wav Mia* Mahon luul tx-i-n 
involved |n the deatructloa he had (nought 
ttpcin himaeif. 

It w»i ascertaiaed that a ]tewaaut girl had 
bought a ticket by the lid train that hail 
IMitnct through Lifford that night. There 
fore it was assumed Lliat Annie Hrannigatt 
hail carried out her original intention, and 
gone in America. Hml :i* fur a* timid Ik* 
h-artud. uu uue had seen lier fslln-r since 
that evefltiig Now of the gang w|io had 
wiled me. and wlm weir presumably no 
cea-svriea to the crime, could l:w Idcutirti-d. 
and there was no gnxuid to Impc llint Air 
Martin-. aasHtulti would Ik- arrested. 

.Ho nmiters stood when 1 suik<d for India. 

VIII. -FOR HOME AND HAPPINESS AND LOVE. 

I found a letter at my <|iiarier* one niiirn- 
ibg »m mv rvlurn from |»tnde. It hud liven 
ad :ln-i»iil to a Ilrm of army agents in linden, 
and by tlwiw forwanhil to Nag pore. It «a» 
t long, closely written letter of many 
and a« k-oii a* I had tend the Ar-st half dozen 
line* f Imuiily penned a prcsstiig r«xpis*t fur 

dcmanihsl my preserve at lmm«-. A* toon mi 
1 had de-pntclsed this. 1 look tip Ibe Idler 
ngiun, and rend it Ihmngli with uu emotion 
of wondering gratitude, which recur* a« fit 
tpn nu 1 think of that brciillilem Indian m-'m- 
irtf and Hu- it.i-.iy tmrtwck «t Nagpore. 

Fur thb Idler ImuJ been wntlea a few- brief 


weeks ago by a hand which 1 thought would 
never more have guided pen. It wiw from 
Kate Million. 

She *i* at home again N<» dynamite Inul 
» miked its spile uu her laveliiwsuL Sl»e had 
heard the explnaion. iodt-i d. nx I had beast 
it; l.-lll With Ito idea of ils awful result*. It 
had hut served to quicken her pace with a 
vafitte keuse or alarm, and she had reached 
IJfford ia gocsl tint.: fur the tram, She hod 
IkCu careful to dlsguiae bmclf in a clonk 
borrowed fur tlm purpose fnnn Annie Bran- 
tilgaii. and the precaution bad proved ctfect- 
n*l, The station-master bad nut recognized 
her; ahe had parsed through Dublin unno- 
ticed. and had crowed to Brume!* Ibe follow, 
ing night. There, in the shelter of her con- 
vent, aim had awaited my coming. 

She wailed one day, two dnys. and then a 
uewsjtaper *« put into her hand*, ll con- 
tained an account of th« appalling outrage at 
Balh mnknii. and it *Utcd that die and 1 bad 
both fallen victim* lu the explosion Tbu 
tv»* the fim report, reflecting tlm eat llest Ini- 
p«v»lon* Ibnl the iceiir Ils.i 1 prudurvd mill 
no other rr adzed her. Tlm shock prostrated 
her, and for day » die lay illii-onscion*, nursed 
by tbc goutl 8Mten. Ad soots as a be win fit 
to travel, she returned bninr. 

A wretclmd borne coming for the |*>or girl : 
Her father, from whom *ne had |sirtcd al- 
most In anger, lay cold iu liis grave, and the 
house that had siicllcrcil her childhood wax 
a mass of ruins. But fur time change* *lw 
had been prepared One piece of good new* 
— an my darling wrote— awaited hero* a con- 
solation. 

Appearance* had proved mialcndiog In mv 
COM) ms well as in Imrs, and there wo* di> lack 
of while*** to inform Iter that I bad left 
In-land alive and uninjured-"" but surely 
sad and wrcly broken, limy till tell me. my 
pour Frank.” 

The ring, tbc Hlfle turquoise circlet * Licit 
I hod seen so often on my darling'* finger, 
and whnte discovery on that piteous sliaiter 
cd build liad bade me laini*li my last lutpc — 
l bat ring was Misa Mahon 'a parting keepsake 
t>» her fo»tcr-»i*u-r. The mystery was clear- 
ed «|V in all It* detail* Old Hramiigan and 
bis daughter had perished in the destruction 
they hail planned fur ntiutUer. 

There i* nothing mors to tell. I was at 
my darllug'a side a* quickly ns steam *li ip 
and railroad could bring me. and rbe Joy of 
our meeting, though rhsslened hy the still 
recent memory of an awful tragedy, made 
Ixiuntiful amends for much ‘■nrrnvr rind *uf- 
faring. We are tnarrieil now, nn-i linlly 
mahon, under Kate's wise and gentle rule. 
J« fast living down the evil reputation tlut 
clung to it iu the day# of the Black Squire. 



THE MENDELSSOHN GLEE 

(.’LI BS LoVLMi <TI\ 

At the annual meeting and dinner uf the 
Mi mtels-vilm fibs- Club "f tbU city, held at 
the Hotel Brunswick on May hlb ttw- retired 
members of the organization pmenled their 
yminger brulher* with a handsome silver 
Hngnu as a token nf their aflectinniite itilcT. 
i'M. being, nu doubt, of it like faith with 
Kiog Henry; 

FaseRUe In thet^n mutU^l jM.nwSh^wovHij. 

The cup shown in oar illuurallno wa* 
made by tiro Whiting Manufacturing Com- 
pany after a design by K llsmiltuu Hell. 

On a circular b»-e stands u Ihret-'kidt-d 
peib-Mid nf [talinn IlennisMince design, from 
the corner* of which rite three figure* of 
m reus, wbn, with outkin-trlirif arm* and wlng«. 
form the orOMMMtnl snrqiort of tire vtute 
The three siren* an- linked together by three 
lyrv*. which they hold in their hands. Ib>t 
ing on the heads of the sirens and on the 
lip* of their wings Is Hie richly chwod rim 


nf llte cup, which curve* outward to the lip. 
Tlic cover is cnuparatlvdj plain. Pram 
the Ixtie to the tup uf the ornament on the 
lid the cup stand ‘ a foot high 
On the three sjije* nf the' altar- like pedes- 
tal hattg wr.ntil»* of laurel, within which »tw 
eligTavisi the instTiptiiMi.: "The Mendel*, 
aohtt Oh-eCItih." *• From lu retired ntemhers. 
INdA-lWri.” soil the M l uf the Club. The 
last I* a lyre viiifiMiu-ltd by rav*. among 
which appear the opcoiu£ Iwr* of Mendel *- 
Bolins •’ Kids uf Art.” 


WHAT THE ARTISTS THINK 
OF SARGENT'S “BEATRICE.” 

The picture wld'-li attracts most general 
notice at the ExhiluiioD of the Society of 
American Artlut* Is Mr. Juim S. Sargent"* 
portrait uf Rentrire. tlie dnugliter of Mr. and 
Mr*. Hubert GoeltS. of New York. Titov is 
□ever a time from tlie o|w-inng to tlie closing 
uf Ibe doom uf the fi alien that there are not 
hIkihI this wiuidi-rf nl work group*. d artbta, 
student*, aud others. It seems to delight the 
nrlistnandsiLnii'tit* imd many uf theta uibera, 
while it uilquesliormldy lie wilder* a large sec- 
ti'in nf iIk- general public. Artist*, who 
ptuise it lu unqualified language, rrciguire 
tlsat it may not t*- entirely Mi«act«ry to ail 
the people who see it, hut tl*cy do out for a 
im.-mcnt grant that till* detract* in tlie slight- 
cat ilegree from the superlative merit of llic 
Work, ll is. without doubt, the picture uf 
tii« year, and is attracting a notion which waft 
never given before to any American work in 
New York, 

WILLIAM M. CHASE. 

Mr William M. Chase. President of the So- 
ciety of Amcriran Artists, in speaking of the 
{minting, mill that it was another t-ornulete 
lllufttnitiull going to iwnvewhitt he Imd Ih-cU 
asM-rting fur sume time past, that is. Hint 
Sargent is non of tlie furrltn*! |niinli i* of 
llie nineleeiitli Century. " Why.” said Mr. 
Chaw. • ' YelaM|i>cz ties er did iinyth ing hci K-r 
than thaL lu making tin* portmil. Sargent 
lias nut only rnugbt the lilutovM. hut Ik tm* 
made it great ]uetlire w hiclt Iras a hirge value 
lifutn from it- pilmaiy purpo-c. its, from an 
artistic *laaii]x.inl, it is something more than 
a tucre putt twit uf a dmtmlltg litile girl In 
all prr.lkdiiliiy it did not take Sargent mure 
Ilian two or three day* to complete this pie 
lure. I >ut the whole t* tkir rrsuli of flflccu or 
eiith tern year* of study and praclicf, and 
therefore u might fa 1 tald tlrat it took bint 
nil that while to do it. What I have been 
liiststing uu for a lung itiue.'' Mr (.'Imre con- 
liuiMsI, *■ U tlral a |>uilr*il slluuiil always lie 
•ulnething inure tiiab a mere likcne**. It 
should la- a pictuie a* well a* a portrait, so 
that a gentleman iu situ a lug l-J til* friend* 
the portrait of hit w ifr nr his daughter could 
feel that lie was r-kliitiilirig -uiut-tblug lie 
side* tiic mem wooden llkvor** id a lady 
or a child aa pumvl before ao easel. Mr. Sir 
gent i* not alwayftat bt* bast; no uran can 
wi, blit whatever he due* is always interest 
trig. This ' Beatrice.' however, i- na E«ral »» 
anything he hua ever dune, and it seems to 
me welloigli perfect, ll I* true he bud a 
roust enticing aubjoct, ami it i» also true 
that Mr*, (lueh-t i* a woman of such naui 
site table tlrat site waacopablv of appreciating 
Ibe great scheme which Svrgeul proposal 
Theta, two facta doubt h«s n»t»u-d him. but 
lu! never con 111 have dime it wilbiHit I he mnr 
Vvlioiht technlqae (>f which be is master 
What his mind conceive* bis band is aide lu 
execute wilbout dlfflciilty. and in this lie* 
tbe jrctrl nf his power. We all think lawn, 
liful tiling*, hut we lack power to exptv*- 
them i-itbi r in worda ur no ennvus. Tbi« 
power «f expression i* what make* ibe orator, 
t l*o poet, and tbe uriUt different frum uthcra. 
In my leaching. I always insist that unless a 
pupil ran nttain the power to cx]>re*s witit 
the liand whul the luiml conceives. ll.en that 
pupil will never ta- able to aiiomplish any- 
thing worth the while. 1 don't know v>i«t 
the general pnbUo may tlduk of tld* pnim 
ing, ” Mr. Chiuu! ndded, ' ' liul if any one wuuld 
know ils real value ;t* a cufllfibulloR to txHi- 
tempornry ail, nil that i* needed is to usk tbe 
artists uf New- York what they lliink uf at. 
It I* H privilege.' 1 usi.i Mr. <'ln*«:, “to p..»»c** 
such u piiinliiig ns liiis Siiiae |>et-<.rie li-vve 
InuiL'Iit old portrait*, and set i hem up ns 
thow nf their on era UK*. Imt with a iM.ttrail 
like ltd* tlie owner has all llint ia In be dr- 
aired - - a likeness and a fa'autlful picture 
aa well Thousands r.f peranna win. may 
see ibis beautiful riumis will doilbtleu. regret 
that they do out pus*.-** portnBla of their 
mothers am) grand in., tliers dune at sarli an 
ngc. and conceived in Mich a masterly nrati- 


J. A Idea Weir, lltc well known artist 
and distinguished pur trait- painter, in -t 1,: ik 
lug of Mr. Sargent’s “ Brelrfcc,’’ s*nt; "1 
think it u piece nf r latrwler and direct im 
ttrewiluri of iniiurL- such »* WO other man I 
know of could render today. The thing 
that strike* tne moat in Ibe pointing lltat 
Strgent Iras pointed In* intpn-sahm of live 
subject us lie «w it, nut in.t u* be thought it 
ought iii tie. tlM’tefnre it is distinctly ail itn • 
presaiua of iialan- and nnt n men; itniiiiti.in 
of nature In (his regard the picture recalls 
Velasquez. I do not mean l*> wty that S*r- 
gent affects Velnaquer ; hilt this" particular 
ph-ltire. in the regard I have loeult.med. ccr 
Uiiii'r Im* tlrat i»i*nicteri*Uc imprc-.ion of 
nature that niiuic \ elaMpicz great. Lnuklug 


not for detail, but for the large truths of v»lue», 
the work alia the mind with all that couJd 
be desired. Asa painter of rharacter. I know 
nf no one iu any country who approach** 
Sargent In tlie unaffected poft* of I hit 
diihl there t- all tlw Cbarniiog chanu-ter of 
■uiTvete, combi cel with an air of diftl incites 
winch ■tt'ike* it lu me one ur the great por- 
trails of ibe age. or of any age.” Mr. W'eir 
rvgn>lied ibnl a temporary illness prertsted 
lain from ilteeiitsing the merits of the nic 
lure nt length, but lie said lie waa gf»1. 
wbeihor ill nr not. to give bte Imprewaioei of 
thin ilbtioguishi-d pnvtrait- 

KFNTON COX 

Mr. Kcnvon Cox said, at the nolbein Stu- 
dio*. that till* pointing placed Sargent at Ihe 
Tciy head of all modern portrait - pnioten. 
"" It i- »* pond a* any tiling Velazquez ever 
did. ' he said; ‘ mid nothing higher than this 
could be said. At Hh> exhibition the other 
day. while la-fore tlm picture, I aald to soma 
friend* and Urutbcr artists that it aremed al- 
m.wt ah-urd that an American only tblrty- 
fi.ur Vrnrs old ahuuld point right here m 
New York it purtraif a* good as ever wax 
inudc nt any time anywhere, But this is 
w list Sargent hu* done. The pose, the char- 
acter.. if rliihiliood, iud.nl, i-vcrylliiog about 
the ph-ture, is Jierfect. It la an illustratioa 
of Sargent'* marvellous mimicry uf leehniqae. 
I don't hvlieve that any oilier man in the 
woihi r-ouhl have done tilts thing. Sargent 
■* uneven in his work— sometime*, perhap*. 
ills aubJeoU d» Hut interest him— but what 
ever In- does is ninny* interesting, and hi* 
r.-utly £ih*.I tliingx have been celliug steadily 
liettrr and better. This I* tne fawt tiling "I 
linve seen of his. mid prulwbly it is the best 
Hung he hoe done; hilt be is only a very 
young man, ami if he keeps on getting 
*t longer and stronger, as In* ha* hem doing, 
there it no lrtling vvh.it will lie the result. 
Within hi* linn* — -that I*, no a portrait. paint 
rr— lie is now, ns I lure said before, tlie first 
man in the world There are other men 
who make composition*, anil still other* who 
paint with great care anil exactness sod both 
of llw-.ii do most H dual n ldc work. It would 
lie unprofitable to compare Sargent with ei- 
ther of tin w data**, hut a* he t» very young 
yet ulld also let Kent about his intentions and 
ambitions, there ie iio telling wbal direction 
hi* art may lake- at nny time. L'nlil this 
plcime waft painted, tlsere has never before 
l<cn a time when it could he said that on 
Attierirau stood at the head of any branch 
of art,” 

J. W. ALEXANDER. 

Mr J W. Alexander, the portrait-painter, 
paused from bis work uf packing, preparatory 
tu a tw ii n ud a Iraif y ears' virit to Europe, to 
say: " I think Mr Surgeal one of the great- 
e»i of living paiuU-ie.and tbsl tills portrait of 
Ik-.striic is ntst: of Lite lies) things he has ever 
done. It may M.'tlinl exiravagaut. cousider- 
ing tlie unevenness of Mr. SargcnlV work, tu 
nay that there is no one | know of who can 
ijn a bead »o well ns tite psameftt head I have 
ever seen painted by him. The Vanderbilt 
portrait In the Academy would 1* a mod ux- 
iruordinurr perforrnsnoe if signnl by any 
otlw-r name than tlrat of Mr Sawmi, but 
judging it by tire high standard of his own 
achievement*, it K a little diKappolnilng. It 
may tic that he was not altogether in «ym- 
tmUiy with lii* subject. But lire portrait uf 
U* air icc U-are* nothing to he desired. I am 
not sure, boweVer, that the public Will at 
once appreciate Mr, Saigent's work as paint - 
era do, anti my reasoo fur this doubt I will 
give with ab illuatTMllMI. Id the hou*« of 
une .if our best-known men in New York 
are two portrait* uf ntemlwrft of tbc family, 
and they hung opposite each other. One of 
there |tortrai!i un* painted bv the meet in 
competent of all the mrmlivr* of tlie Acad- 
emy. A more wooden, .lewd, expiemiunleM. 
sie.fi VMlkka pot trait was srareely ever ftoen. 
Opposite to this is a portrait hr Bargeot, and 
Ii l* one of hi* muHtoi piccm, Tbe family pat* 
by the Sargent, ami admire the wooden work 
of Hie Academician. And *0 n!*o Is it with 
the gi-ncrnl run of friends and visitors to Ibe 
bouse. Tbe owners secretly, if not openly, 
regret that Sargent war. ever rnmmiu-ioned 
ti> paint Ibe poll rail, and wish that bulb of 
tint cun v»*e* (tad lieeti hy tbe band which 
made the daub on tbc oppnaite wall. No; 
Mr Huntington did not make the oilier pic- 
ture. it wa* made bv one much leas able lLan 
lie" 

FRANK D. MILLET. 

■ Nearly nil tlw? art criiirs. and the artist* 
too, for that matter." said Mr. Frank D. Mil- 
let, ' seem inclined to compare Sargent'* 
w* irk generally . sod tbi* charming picture of 
’ Hnstrice’ piirricubirly. to Vclatrquez If they 
d.i hr*1 set up a cnmparisoa, they at least say 
that it *iigifc*u VehiequeZ or fecalle Vela* 
WRi, I don’t see why tber sbnuld (iu this. 
I don't *ee why they -huuid not just as well 
cmnptte Ulit picture In any other master of 
portraiture I'lits |*jilrait and Sargent's 
work generally have excellence* which lie 
lung pemltarly tu him. Then, again, thuKC 
critics and BHlsta talk a great deal about Sur 
gent * mastery nf ti-rliniqur. Here, again. I 
disagree w ith them, fur Sargent is superior 
to i.chniqnv. There an- many men who lu 
thi. regard surpaw him, because with them 
t l*c- technique is the end and not the mean«. 
Jn.li-.-d, in tbe mere matter of painting itself, 
ami I lake thi* to Iv what tbe critic* mean 
by lccliuit|iM-. Sargent's A rength doca sot par- 



MAY 9, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


347 


ticulnrlr He. Ilia other peculiar qualities 
rouble him to produce result* » lilcli are en- 
tirely satisfactory a* ilirtinct from fine paint- 
ing. Hm master. for instance. Carolus Du run. 
probably Im* quite ns ruuMcriy n technique 
a» Sargent, lull Hargi-:il bus something be- 
yond his master. ami tlmt U style When he 
paints a portrait of a mini or u woman or a 
child, there never rails to he something dUtin- 
gu Piled a I «Ut the perxxmlily of the subject. 
This style is the crowning glory of li is work. 
But. in the tlrat InMaireu. In- doe* that to per- 
fection without which no portrait has nuy 
value — be catclx* the character of tin- sub- 
ject, anti be re'ains it with a marvellous Add 
Ity. Btii there Is another thing which 'w 
tines, that is. be never fails to ci :cii the eva- 
nescent exprewloa and to pnMTO it. How 
he dors this, I am sum 1 don't know. In this 
be ■ccompMsbta without apparent effort that 
which appear* to utterly uafflo nearly all ar- 
lists who nttempt portraits. 1 do not rare to 
co«n|»rw nargcni witli any other painter liv- 
ing nr dead— what's the use?— hut to show 
what I think of him. I will say that I have 
had three me in hem of my family painted by 
him. nnd I should rather" have it portrait of 
myself done by him than liy any one else of 
whom 1 know. “ 


TSCHAIKOWSKY AND THE 
MUSIC FESTIVAL 

The music hull at Fifty -seventh Street 
mill Seventh Avenue, founded by Andrew 
Carnegie, will ba dedicated to the divine 
Mum- by Bishop Fuller on tbe evening of 
May 3th. nnd lo ctMttnlO it* completion a 
music festival from tbe above dnte to May 
tttb inclusive will inaugurate Its carver 
Nearly every nrliit of any note will lake 
part in tills symposium of music. Frau .An- 
tonin Mielke, Mile. Clementine de Verr, Mrs. 
Clerrit b unih, Mr*. Theodore J Tmdt. Ml»a 
Anna l.ui-lln Kelly. Mr*. Kot-rl K mould, 
Frau Marie BiUthOtMK, Mr* Furl Alve*. 
Mrs Clapper- Morris. Sigtxir IulnCiW“pnnini, 
Herr Andreas Dippel, Mr. Tlioams Ebert, 
Herr Theodor Heinhnianii. Herr Emil Fbcti- 
er. Herr Conrad Ih-brens. Mr. Kricson Bush- 
nell. Friulem Adele Aue <ter Oho, and Mr. 
Fmok L. Scaly, together with the lusiunneu 
of tbe Symphony Society orchestra, Lite Ora 
torio Society chorus, uml a hoys' choir of 
100 voices. under the direction tif Wenzel 
Kabocb, will Aral impnitnnt part* mi the pro- 
gramme. Such an array of noloisL-i and sur- 
rounding* ha* nurer graced any music f«t- 
lival we have yet bad in New York. The 
home element, tun. i* well represented, fur 
while most of the artists are of foreign birth, 
the majority of tlroae c In men look Upon New 
York a* tiieir home*, ami as true art ignore* 
the question of birthplace. the pi ogranime 
can tw accepted a» representing t lie heat in 
musicians the metropolis comma oda. The 
opening number on May 3th will be "Old 
Hundred," to be followed by Beethoven's 
Ln<m>r* overture No. Ill , Bishop Potter's 
oration, the national hymn *• America,” 
Tscbnikowsky'a tlrat appearance in America 
— conducting liis " Marche 8o len mile " — and 
ending with Berlin/ n Te Detun (Ural lime in 
New York) for solo, triple chorus, and or- 
chestra, w itli Sigma Cnin|iauiui as the soloist. 

May Sib, A Utjmh will he node red. with 
Miss Kelly. Frau Rillcr-GorU*, Frau Mielke, 
Herr Andrea* IMppol.Mr Thomas Ebert. Herr 
Emil Fischer, und Mr. Bushm-ll us soloists. 
There will be no concert on Thursday even- 
log. but an afternoon performance, at which 
the overture and grand Annie. Act 11., of 
Mozart's fljwi* will la- given, the soloists 
in the latter number being Frau Mielke. 
.Mile, de Vera, Fran Govt/*-. Ilcrr PIddcI. 
Herr Rcichinaun. Here Fi seller, und llerr 
Behrens; T*chaikow*ky will also conduct 
lit* guile No. III. for orchestra. Mile, de 
Vere will slug an aria front Massenet's 
f.'Enrftirnuinilr. wild Heirlimnnn will lie heard 
iu an aria from the MUM composer's Rti dr 
Labor* ; l I k prelude und Annie from Wag- 
ner's TritOtn nod tnddt will wind up thul 
afunMl'li work, On Friday evening, Mav 
gill, will l* produced Heinrich SeulieUte 
"Bern Words of our Saviour" l«r ven- 
ter-nth century), for soli, chorua, string or- 
chestra and organ, performed on tlda occa- 
sion for IImi first rime iu this country: the 
soloists who will have the honor of interpret- 
ing lid* work arc Frau Mielke. Frau Kilter- 
Qneltr, Herr Dippel. Herr ltelchinaiMi. ami 
Mr. Ericsou Busbnnli ; another interesting 
event for that evening will la- Txiialkow- 
fiky's two "capelin choruses " "Filter Nov 
ter “ and "Legend." also new to our intialc- 
loving public, and. of course, conducted by 
the composer iu person. Dr. Leopold Dam- 
rmch's " HalamlUl " ulao Ands a place on 
the programme. For the Balutday raaUnte. 
May 9th. tiie musical repast u iodeod an epi- 
curean one. Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. 
Tschaiknwsky's Concerto, B flat minot, ojut* 
as, fur plam> ami orcJrcslra, oocd acted by the 
eminent Hiumuii, with Mis* Ati* dev Olic at 
tbe piano: bwhte* tl«-*e number* Mra Carl 
Alves will sing "To Sleep "rafter Tennyson t, 
l»y Walter Ikimro-reli. and Tschaikowsky's 
• So Schmcrxlieh," the programme cuuctud- 
ing w ith the prelude amt flower - maiden 
ncetMi from Wagnei'a Fttrmfnt, for six solo 
voice* ami female eborti*. Tills work will 
bring into requisition the services of such ad- 
mirnlde artist* us Mm. Getril Smith. Mra. 
Toedt, Mt-a Kelly. Mia K«a-rt Kronold, Mra. 
Alvca, and Mm ’Morris. Saturday evening. 
May kill, tin- /men <f/ rrritttntr* and during 
event of the festival will be Handels Strati in 


Egypt, with Mile, tic Vent. Mrs. Carl Alve*, 
Herr Andreas Dippel. Herr Emil Plscher, and 
Mr Kritxm Bnshm-ll intrusted with the iwilu 
parts. Mr. Waller Damiusch. to whose en- 
thusiastic energy tlda festival owes its origin, 
will wield the conductors baton for the 
entire programme. A glanco at this musical 
feast spread before us shows, on tbe whole, 
a wise dbcrlntlnailon Iu tlK) choice of tbs 
men n. The strictly classical, the sacred, the 
oratorio, the mu-le drama the modern 
French anti Russian school* all receive a 
place ti pirn tbe festal board ; but why 
amongst such a galaxy of names a* Ber- 
Ihciveu, Mendelssohn. Mozart, Hundel, and 
Wagner do we miss lire MBS of Robert 
Sehunuoo upon the progntiumeT and surely 
BrahmH.aniung modern compote re, outranka 
Massenet nnd llerliox. Naturally undue 
length fi>r tlie programme* of a music festi- 
val extending over the heist part of a week 
a* this one doc* must be guarded ngniost. 
lull to exclude tliat great tone poet nnd in 
apiml genius Scbuiusnn from a place in the 
luusicnl o-reninnir* of dedicating this mag 
uinceiit music hall is a trifle suggestive of au 
unii climax. to my the lcu*l 

'Hie notable event vf the festival will lie 
the flr*t apraarance In tbt* country of tbe 
celebrated Riiosiiin ciunpoker M. I* I. Techai- 
kow*ky. Efforts were made at Aral louking 
to the appearance of his countryman uml for- 
nmr master Anlou Rubinstein, "but gathering 

C rs nnd inflrmitic*, to **y nothing of Iiih 
nir of tbe sea, precluded the powability 
of any arrangement. Brahms wu* also np- 
pronched, but bis lethargic nature did not 
respond with alttcriiy to the In vital loo: Imt 
Tschaikowsky'a quick muring Kmoiiui spirit 
gntoped the opportunity at once. 

Peter lltiiscb Txrhaikowsky wax born 
April 23. 1W0. at Wotklu*k. In Dm- govern 
muni of Wiutka <l'rnl District^ where his fa- 
ther mud engineer to the impeiln] itiiues. Iu 
1*90 hi" failier wu* appointed director of the 
I'eclioological Institute at 8l. Petersburg, 
and there the boy entered tlta school- of ju- 
risprudence, Into which only the sons of 
high-chut* govonttaenl officials are admitted. 
He completed bis present)**! course in 1H3U, 
and was tlirreupon appointed to a met in 
the ministry of justice. He Unis, lite Von 
Bdiow, Ix-ghii his career a* a lawyer, or. more 
properly speaking, a* a clerk Id* the l»w de- 
partment of the Russian government. In 
1*02, however, when the Conservatoire of 
Music wil* founded lit St. Pcleraliurg. be Irft 
the service of the state and entered the new 
school HS a student of music. He remained 
there till 18(15. studying liarmoay uud coun- 
Ur|xiinl under Profeasor Zaremlw, and com- 
position under Anton Rubinstein. In Itnij 
hr took his diploma as musician, togrthi-r 
with n prize medal fur lire iTim|XjMllnn of a 
ciintau mi Schiller '* ode "Au die Freiwlc." 
In 180*1 Nicholas Rubinstein invited him to 
luke the post of I*Tofci>M>r of Harmony, A'oin- 
{Hiailiou, and the History of Music at !l»e new 
Conservatoire of Moscow, }|« ii^M th*- post 
Tor twelve years, doiuy odmiralde service for 
tbe Insllriitiun. 

L nlike his famous countrn tnan and con- 
temporary RublDslebi, Tm:biukowsky t* pre- 
eminently a rompiwur and oooductor, not a 
pianist, in which role lie of the leonine mime 
und poudsTou* hand* Aral made hkiriscif 
famous. Iu 1878 Tschnikowsky gave up 
touching, and lias since cooflned hlmvelf lo 
eoiiipoailion and directing. A group of four 
of tbe greatest of living cotnpoaers — Brahms, 
Rubinstein, Tschnikowsky, and Dvorak — 
forms nil interesting study as lo the fountain 
sources of their niiwicnl inspiration. The 
first, dearly a follower of Beethuveu nnd 
Bdutmami, belongs to the imaginative and 
romantic school of coui|x>sera. while Rubin- 
stein, Dvorak, und TscItaiWowsky «"’k for 
inspiration in lire rich Held of Slavonian 
Folkslleder. Here they have every possible 
element to urid lire to their own musical 
minds, as the lover, the soldier, the priest, 
the joyous peasant life, nil Hod tumultuous 
expression in the Folkslleder of western Eu- 
rope, and Tsehuiknwsky takes the fullest 
lila-rty la soph iuii them to Ills own fecund 
intellect. From tin- cradle to the grave song 
L« the constant companion of the Russian's 
life. The spurt* of childltood, the pleasures 
of youth, and all the varied occti|ialirms of 
iMtun ytwn have each it* own appropri- 
ate anromimninKnt in song. And toe love 
>>r the Kim-htn |<ra«ant for his national air* is 
fully shared by his mare ciincntnl country- 


(rightness; while the superior cliarin of tire 
song* of Lltile Russia l* due. for the ioo*t 
part, to a prevail ing cast of iiK-laiM-holy. 
These Russian folk -songs are always inetri 
cal. und the metre is usually very free and 
elastic, but they arc never rhymed, ami rare- 
ly sung with uistriiim-tiial art»mpanUncDL 
And altlwm-b TwlMukowsky's music is fur 
more iMsmopolitan in form and built upon 
grander line* than tbe (tim|KMitlon* of hi* 
countrymen (Jlinka. Niiprnvnlk, Davldof. 
Horulin. Serof. Gmi«liia. and Durgomijsky, 
yet all Ida wotks arc colored by the mdu- 
cn«» of tbe folk-song of bb native land. 
He abo mnkrs iho of certain quaint bar- 
mooic sequences peculiar lo Kuosiun church 
music, lie I* fond, too, of huge and fnura* 
tic outlines, of bold modulations nnd slrongly 
markrd rhythms, of subtle melodic turn*, 
nnd delights in gorgeous cffer.t* of orrliestra- 
Ihm 111* mode, in fact. U-sr* tbe linprem of 
the Slavonic lempenuncnl—fiery exaltation 


on a twsls of languid mebmeholy, carrying 
witli it. too. the distinctive murk of genuine 
sponlaneous original it V. Dr. Li-upald Dnm- 
ruscli must U> credilra with inuoditeiug this 
cxiui|xise-r lo the Ameritnu public, alaiut four- 
Imi yeut* ago. tlitougli Ills suite for string or- 
chestra; but be is hrsl known tuns thrmigii his 
cuucertoe for pin no- forte und orchestra, anil 
within the last four years Mr. Waller Dam- 
rosch has also made us familiar with his 
symphonies. Now tliat we are to have the 
composer himself, a Tsrliaikowsky "fad" 
may appear aiming us; at all events, Ills 
presence will attract attention to bi* really 
beautiful ami widely variegated music, iu 
sirumefitul, TiKid iuni orrhcstml 

lleha* cotupoBcd over three hundred works, 
among them u oumlx-r of oja-ra* and five *ym- 
phonirs, he has Iwaiilcs edited a nunil* r of 
music* I text book* for school u*c in Ruosin. 
Hi* first opera was IWaerfa, |in*iiwcd at 81. 
Peter* Ixi rg In 1XW; Ire also look lire prize 
offered by the Grand Duchess Helen fur the 
writing of a scut* of an opera arranged from 
Ungui s Imvafo. Mr ZttroU.uM This wo* a 
*ucct < -m secured in ojien cuiiq>vritUxi.atid tin- 
opera was liist presented at Miwcuw, at tho 
Thratre Jlarre, In 187fl. Tschnikowsky «r- 
rived in Uds ctxiMry. aocomptutied by his 
wife, on the Au Jirttn/jne <iu the 26th ull. 
He i* a man uf mow ln-igbl. of (Mirtly pre- 
sence. hi* hair, which i* almost white, is 
worn long, but not extravagantly so. nnd Ire 
has the suavity, polish, anil elegance of man- 
nor *u noticeable In lire educated Russian. 
Curious to relate, M. Tarhaiknw sky rpmlu> 
Englhh with some effort, but tiHdentamU 
hardly n word, and the Ixwt medium of iatci- 
ootirae with him is German. This condliiwi 
of uifiiir* urim-ji flum lire fact that In; lut* 
learned all bi* English from reading it, but 
tho hurmony (T) of our longue Iu.* entirely 
cwii|*d his musical iinuginalion 

Taken sltogetlirr, M Tnclralkowsky's ap 
|ieiinmce unning us is au event in tile musi- 
twl wuiW of the first ImporlaDce. ran king, us 
he does, among the greatest of living com- 
poter*. Of the beautiful music hall founded 
by die nuiniticcnt public "pint of Mr. An- 
drew Carnegie Ion much eunnul be said in 
praise. The recital ball. thirty feet below the 
level of tbe street, is the first attempt io this 
country to convert lire bwseiiieni into use for 
umuH-mcnl purjK-ises. This is a bint lair- 
rowed from \Vy iidliam's Criterion Theatre iu 
London. Tbe" main bull is a radical depart- 
ure from the stiff, Imrre-u lookiug rooms we 
have boon accustomed to. In tliat It ha* twu 
tiers uf boxes rising above the muin fl-air. 
The prevailing stylo of architectural decora- 
tion of the interior l* " free Italian," the pre- 
dominating riot In f rcaco- work and uphol- 
stery. "obl-roae." The acoustic properties 
of both hall* have already been trli-d and 
pronounced, perfect. It i* hoped, of course, 
by tbe projector* of this enterprise tliat llie 
building can Ire mode financially successful; 
but the real object ha* treen lo provide u 
series of music ball* under one rooLutiiram- 
rai'Hed by any outside influences, nnd gcnii- 
luriy devoted to tbe best luierwr* or music, 
music lovers, and musiciaii*. In this land 
able effort, uud oou which the public bat 
already full tr recugniznl. Mr Mum* Reno 
ami Mr. Waller Dauiroech have taken turn- 
uuixiitig purls. Racked up hy Mr Carnegie " 
uuselllsb public spirit, they have bad erected 
a music bull capable of ini-'cting any demands 
thul cun lx- made upon it. The music festi- 
val wlili w in, i It i>|reuii It* door* Is u promise 
of generous eudearur for ila future life and 
pruepcrity. IIajihy F. ,M.vw»o.n 


THE ADMINISTRATION AND 
AO ttlC'U LTUKA I. BI I I.DINOS. 

Tiikiiv. will lie no form or fashion of archi- 
tectural conception at tlx- Columbian Kxpn- 
ail ion more truly Ireautcuus than tlie Imibling 
of tlx- AdmmUtrailun. Au Engli*h woman 
sava thin no true painter ever put on cativaa 
all the vision tbiit his soul eonceived. Ar- 
cliitecture. in its more uncahlned scope, is u 
fine art Ami if the eoorrrle works of u 
Michael Angelo are only tlie riiodow*. so to 
any. of lire richer illumination that fillrd bis 
being, ccftalnly we call lake llmse of u lews 
venal ilc genius a* Ireiog an earnest of Ills in- 
nate power— of bis uiititaoi Tested purpow. 
Mr. Richard M. Hunt, of New Yotk. ha* 
followed tbe Carthaginians In gilding the 
great dnnx-. hut lie Ima given to hi* denign 
for lire Admiuistmlioii Building a voluptu- 
mtaiMw* of effect, a harmony of feeling, a 
wealth of purpose, that are all his own. 
Months ago It wraa divided b)' the manager* 
of lire Farr lliat the threads of all tire groups 
ami buildings should lie gathered up and 
lied into a knot of tiumv lnwutie* in Uic 
•iructnro for the Adiniiii*imtlon. Its site 
was therefore selected with this aim In view, 
anil the tusk of designing li was given ad- 
visedly to tire president of Hie American 
Association of Architect*, lit rtUtllul the 
expectation of Hie manager*, and tlw gentle- 
men w ho have seen bU work have sjauvd no 
eulngtum 

The lecliniotl diw-ription of tix- building, 
ritorn of it* more precise and artistic imtireu 
clature, begins with tlie aim tire structure 
will cover on lire earth, which will be 850 
feet square The building will have four 
stiirie*. mii- I from the lower structure will 
rise wavilv toward the sky a grand dome 
230 feet high, guarded by four |Mvi(iniis.ench 
eighty four feet square, imd rising sixty five 
fol to lire top of ihe mHin enmicc. In tbe 
first story Uic order of Iho Doik bo* Lreen 


preserved. Hrroic proportion has been fal- 
lowed herein, arid about it will run a lofty 
ImhiKtrade, thrown out into piers at tlx- nn 
glc* of each [atviliou. Iu this Mellon of tire 
design sculpture bn* been drawn upon very 
freely. Iu the second story the order of lire 
Ionic ha* been preserved. Here ha* Wen 
pioi ided a spacious colonnade, commanding 
a nmW coniptebeusive view. "Tire general 
design, kijs the dc*criptioO. " is in tire style 
of lire French Reiiaisotiiiv-.i-arriexl out in tire 
academic ruanuer of the Eoole dea Beaux 
Arts.” 

The face* of the four elevations are all 
alike. Kadi i* provldsd with » grand en- 
trance fifty feet wide and of a similar height 
Tim doorway- are very deeply recereed , and 
covered hy semirimihii art In’tl vault* richly 
i uffcnil At lire level of the office doors are 
the galleries of communication between lire 
JKivilloo*. At each vide of the entrance and 
in Hie angles of tire pavilion groups of nciilp- 
lure of appropriate nnd emblematic character 
are designed to Ire placed Tire nnibi feature 
of lire building is. of course, the dame, which 
will la; 120 fact in dinim-lcr and 850 feel in 
height. ‘ The four pavilions above which it 
ri-o are placed at the angles of the square 
of the plan. Between them, recessed iu Hie 
centre of each prim ipn) fovade, are Hxi four 
eutraucts to tbe rentrai rotunda under lire 
dome. Between these, connecting Hie pavil- 
ion with tbe great rotunda, is a loggia thirty 
feet square, giving access In tlie office* of tire 
Administration, ami containing the Isruad 
Hteirw and tbe elevator* running to tire laud 
rug* alxivr- Tire MVlUoM have each four 
stories. Hail are divided into rooms and quar 
ter* for tbe practical uses of tbe Adtnlnn>tra- 
tluB. They will be supplied with spacious 
halU, bureau rooms, and toilet*. Externally 
tin: design may lx- divided in its height into 
three principal stage*. Tlie Aral Mage con- 
sist* uf the four puvilions, corresponding in 
height witli Hi« other buildings grouped 
about it. that are to be sixty five feet high 
Tlx- >«c«nd Biogc, which is of the Home 
height, i* a continuation of tbe central ro- 
tuudH, 173 feet square, surrounded on alt 
shiua by an open colonnade of noble propor. 
lions. This colonnade i* twenty feet wide 
and forty lilgb, witli coliunns four feet in di. 
ameter. Tlx- third stag* consist* of tlx- hare 
of the great dome, thirty fact in height and 
octagnixal iu form, and also of the dome it 
telf. riling In graceful lines, with heavily 
.noli Idol ribs and pain-1* of sculpture. The 
dome will be gilded, uud will tie seen at the 
end of everv vista. 

Much wiU tie lire structure as it will be seen 
fmm the outside. But no less gorgeous will 
lie tire ulterior. The rotunda, mentioned 
eisewlrerv, will foe of octagonal form. The 
first story will be composed of eight great 
arches, tiring tbe coiuplemcDt of ihearclx-s 
of lire entrance*. Above Ihssn will inn a 
frieze twenty-seven feet wide, the panel* of 
which will lie ornate with figure* carved in 
low relief and covered with comnwinoralive 
insert ptlos, Thu chief story of tire rotunda 
b crowned with an elationilely lUvwratrd cor 
niot, sunnouilsd by a coniimmu* gallery 
corrapomlcDtiai to the exterior colonnade. 
Tlw walls of Hie recuod Mb nr are to be um- 
bclliihed witli pilasters, and taiiwccn them a 
frieze of window* giving light to the rotunda 
from the rear wrall of the surrounding colon- 
Dadu. From the lop of lire cornice of this 
story will ri*c tbe interior of the dome. 200 
feet from tbe floor. In the centre will he 
placed an opening of fifty fact In diameter 
for the puriMwi-* of illumination. Tlx- liasin 
of the dome will l#enricbed with deep |wnel- 
ling* crowilrd with sculpture and magnified 
poietlngs. lo which will foe told the histories 
of Hil- arts and H ieoecM. Tliia dome, it I* 
mid. will *ur|xx*H In size auy other similar 
affair in the world. 

The urea to wlik-fa the (mvilious on the 
ground-floors will be put nro common place 
und practical. Ill one will lie Ktatiom-d the 
department* of the police nnd fire: lit anotli 
er, the officr* of llie anilxilunre and hospital 
M'ivtct 1 *. llie i|iiarter* of the Exposition pby 
sician and pharmacy. the foreign department, 
and the bureau of Informatlun; in a third 
will la; a post-ofticc and a linnk ; und a fourth 
will lie made Into a house of public comfort 
and a restaurant. It will be in Uic second, 
ihinJ.and fourth stories that lire more digni- 
fied feature* of tlie Dtqairtnu ut nf Adminls 
tnilion will lie hxateii. Here will be the 
suite of tire Director-General, tlx- room* of 
the various board* aixi committee*, thn de- 
part uient of publicity and promotion (pre- 
sided over by Most* P. Handy), and the quar- 
tur* of tlx- Columbian Comtnivsion. 

Thp chief of oonstntction **ld well when 
be said Ibul tbe Admiuistralion Biiildiag 
would lie the focus of tire Fair, Thai it 
will, anil it will ol*o bold tire moat com- 
manding ponlllon. 

looking down toward tire southeast from 
tin- tuilcunv, OBn can see the stately propor- 
tion* of tire Hull of Agriculture.' designed 
Hh> bv New- Yorkers, Messrs McKim, M-.wd, 
and Whits. This ladltllng will lx- of enor- 
mous propirtiutks. and one of the largest of 
tire Exp u-it ton. In length it will measure BOO 
feet and in width 300 feet. It will be situated 
in tliuMiuthciMt section of the situ. 

Tire ornanii-utalion of the hiilldiog will, 
rightly enough. Ire very suggestive of Cure*. 
Indeed tire whole tri-atnietit in the sculpture 
breatilea a spirit uf pacanism. and asks (hat 
even we bow in niieimt thought In peraoni- 
fvliig and apotheosizing such ail importantly 
human Inlrri-vt asagiicnlliirv. < <>n*lru< tin- 
ly thero will ho four curuer pavilion* M feel 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. KM. 


W8 



TIIK ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, COLl'MUIAN EXPOSITION'.— Draws ut W. A Rogers otter the Acceited Plans. 


wntare. surmounted bv domes 1K» feet high, hu>(aiiiing group* 
of statuary. " Curtains " connect the four corners, forming 
* continuous Arctic tlmt Is ‘.'4 fort wide and 80 fart high, 
and separated front tin* interior by walls tliat an; designed 
to lie min In largely of gL«t, This arcade is, too, u colonnade, 
on numerous iiiul so highly orunmeulcd are its pillars ami its 
columns, with their art-lies litl ttvl fmiu centre to ceulre. 
Thtl* an? sulionliuatc entrance* with Corinthian columns 
These entrances are 90 feet In width, and enriched with 
groups of appropriatr statuary. The roof will lie of glit*», 
ami the cornk-v will complete the structutv with a costly 
Inin' I of decoration. The grand entrance will be placed lit 
(hr middle of lh« north front. A colossal Ceres. Hawing 
with grain mid soft in her plenty, will rbe before it. Tbc 
centre pavilion, which will be 144 feel suture. will be redly 
a moderniz'd trniplc of the guddno, wherein tin- Roman 
poet might feel deft and familiar even to thr vigorous color 
ing. »lnw hamvonies shall lie no l*-»* striking than were 
those in l he hi ink- ml perislylium of his own ancient dwelling- 


place, A special admiration for the ancients lias lieen mani- 
fested here. The pavilion will project 30 feet north of the 
tnulu wall, and will he supplied »t the entrance with four 
free standing columns. Thus will be given on approach of 
04 feet to the vestibule, that will lie 94 fret, and this vesti- 
bule will lead in turn to a rotunda 100 feet iu diameter, till- 
der a glass dome 130 feet high. It would appear that the 
architect designer, when lie made this arrangement, hud In 
his mind s eye a grouud plan of Iho livlng-hou<c of some 
wealthy Homan citizen of the Augustan age The iiediiauni 
surmounting the niuio entrance t really the Temple of Cereal 
will tie surniountrd by a majestic group of caryatides, hound 
by noble groupings, with inscriptions In Latin, Gluck, Eng 
h-li.and Italian 

Over the top of the agricultural building the observer will 
look from the grand plaza of the administration building 
into the blue surface of Lake Michigan. Lei him turn hfi 
ryes nearer to the wmiIIi, mid lie will be ninaxed at the mam- 
moth proportions of tbc machinery building and hail (or 


tbn liberal arts. Let him look to tbc north, and lit* gleaming 
turrets of (lie electricity building, with its "tiara of prmtu 
towers,” will awaken him to n rcullmllon of all that la com- 
plex in the age. Reside it will lie thr buildings for mines 
and metallurgy, and ns ho glances over the waters of the 
inlet be will see reposing nrur the shore of the lake and on 
his left thu great building of the mimufacturers. To Ih 
west, to Uie south, and to the north he will be surrounded 
by all (he composite beauty of llie entire group of building* 
Hut tbn most entrancing prospect will be that which wul 
open up directly in front of him to the enst Hither be ran 
see tire brood avenue of pleasing green ami glittering water 
flanked on either side by the noble fares of grand structure*. 
moinn.il wiih the reposeful effect of distance; while away 
seaward will rise the hiirlxircd fleets of small boats under 
tlw ucmicin iilar pier and imp-islng entumus of the thirteen 
fllaleti; and beyond this still, the Greek pavilion rising out 
of the waves, and. still further, the dreamy water mingling 
with the faonxon of gray. 


Digitized by CjOOqIc 



MAT •, 18»1. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


349 





i *|> L±Ct to 

~ T*~« ' 




T11K C HILDRENS PUBUJ vi.aY-OKOLNDS.-Diuwm bt W. A. Hoouu.-[8u Pm>k UO.J 


Digitized by C^QOgle 



350 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. UK 


PLAY GROUNDS YOU 
CHILDREN. 

New Yoke bn* two plnta nf ground im- 
proved especially for the sjiurts of children, 
uni! superintended In tin'll interest, One 
measure* .VI by HKI fort, noil »n* opened n 
year ago through the exertion* of two philan- 
thropic women. In Wert Fiftieth Street, near 
tin- North River. Tlw other extend* from 
Ninety flrrt to Ninety-second Street rm Sit* 
••ml Arraw.enrm nn urea #00 feet square, 
•uni wan given to tire children on the **t ji of 
List January by the New York Society for 
P*rk< nnd Play-ground* for Children. Kuril 
n furnished "with swing*. **e*nw stand*, 
small wuguu*. w heel bar rowa, shovels. foot- 
i in IN, flag*. banner*. drams, and a heap of 
Mini. Both are crowded with children from 
morning to uight 

When the Ninety- second Street play- 
ground wan opened I nit winter thr muscular 
activity of children in that nelgbbutUisal 
wna devoted principally to smashing win- 
■lows, lighting, and abusing smaller children. 
(»unve» and recognized sport* «.-enud lobe tin 
known, tmd the ground at 11 ml 'imply rerved 
n* n larger Held for the Wljgh and unorgan- 
ized pastime* of the larger hoy a. The pro- 
nuxrr* of the scheme •••on w« that space 
nlone was not sufficient to reform the rerrea- 
lions of tiie children, hut that supervision 
»n» Sedentary. The ehildren did not know 
how to play ; nnd if they liad know n, the larger 
Lviv* would have monopolized all the appli- 
ances for game* with wbkb lire society fitter l 
up the ground*. A fence Icii Teel high sur- 
rounding the plot, o' ve nil hand P> Imid en- 
counter* between the n.ugliert lwy* and the 
persons In charge of the grounds, and the nr 
rest of four ringleudei* among the inviwleia. 
served the c*u*c of prwee so well that the 
pliiy-gmuwl i« now the ilBillsturlied prom-*- 
riou of the children. a* many im five hundred 
of whom patronize it ill n day. Thu aym-m 
of admission tickets, wilirb Incsbeen adopted 
a* tire f»iir*t to all concerned, show* Hut a 
thousand boys anti girt* enjoy the privileges 
of the ground, 

Amusing anil pathetic incident* alternated 
in early attempt* to tench the children how 
to play the ordinary game* of little folk. 
Two young men one morning gnve some of 
Hie hoy* at the play-ground nn object lesson 
in leap frog, which they hud never seen be- 
fore, In trying to imitate their Instructor*, 
the lads acted ns clumsily a* if tlrey hud been 
young Hottentot* taking their first lesson* in 
the waltz; and one of them, who could bnvc 
•warn acroo* the North River, or run from 
Central Park to lire Rat lory, fell But upon 
tit* nose, bruiting his fare 10 tmdly that the 
services of n physician had to lie secured. 

As n result of’three months' training In this 
outdoor gymnasium, the power of endurance 
for all ajwrte bn* inrreax-il perceptibly in the 
children The improvement in the physical 
condition of the girl* is even more marked 
than In the case of the Ixiy* Tluir check* 
are ruddier, their rtep stronger, anil their 
appetites are beiteT than liefare rnUij'iuti this 
rottrve of exercise. The hist result is not al- 
ways acceptalilc to purents. one father pro- 
hi biting hi* three daughters from visiting lire 
Ida v ground any longer, mjing that the fani 
ily grocer's hills had materially i itemised 
si'uce Ills children Ix-gun to hike «i much ex- 
rrciw in the open nir. 

The moral Improvement observable in lire 
children »* the most hopeful result of the 
I raining lU the play -ground. Person* with 
ohl fiMbhinni notion* regarding the Inins 
cence of c-hiidbood would liave had their 
idia* nnb-ly upset could they have Ireaid a 
few- sample sentences from the months of 
some of the ts>y* and girl* who thronged the 
piny ground at it* opening Nothing was 
too blasphemous nor ton foul for llretn lo 
utter in i heir ordinary oonvemilon, and the 
roc-st vlvbl imaginatirm can hardly duplicaht 
tire vocabulary of one of tliese suckling* 
when angry. By silheriug strictly to the 
rule of iisslnutly ejeciiug every boy and girl 
guilty of Improper language, the riiumcter 
of these children’s cnavensHlhm has been 
radically changed. Not only lias tlreir lan- 
guage been reformed, but it sense of jit«(k-c 
Jia* l*en developed which seemed entirely 
wanliug id Hrsl Large hoy* and girl*, who 
two months ago would monopolize nil the 
toys a* (molt ns the superintendent's l-»ik 
wi* turned, iiuw understand the power and 
the benefit of organization, ami cheerfully 
accept ilteir share in the itmurt'meiils pro- 
vided. 

Ii I* the purpose of the Society for Parks 
and Play grounds for Cbllrireu to crtaUWi 
recreation groumls in every ward of New 
York, and to inlrrert in the movement pols 
I ir-ip : riled resident* of oilier cities. Blocks 
of tem-mi-nt* have lieetl selected for demoli- 
tion in die most thickly crowded districts, 
and the society hope* to interest the local 
government in opening mid preserving thru' 
space- for purposes of liealdt und spurt. A 
report hn* just been lamed by Ui»- 1 'niporation 
< 'uunsel of New York showing t hut there is no 
legal obstacle in the wav id opening Rutgers 
Slip as a playground. Itiaexpcelrd that the 
Board of Street Opening and Improvement 
will soon convert this venm-bl* garnnge 
dump into a park fffitJ by M feet in extent. 
This will lie the only public brenrliiog spot fur 
the thirty thousand i-tiiklren of lire Seventh 
Ward, There are slill five hundred thousand 
children in the city for whom no provMott 
for recreation exist*. Hie few open spaces in 
the parks being either hampered by reslrir- 
liuua whli which the children of the p**>r 


cannot comply, or monopolized by Hie larger 
boys. Moreover, lit is Impossible for large 
numbers of children to fully enjoy the ad- 
vantages of a park w ithout the presence of a 
siipeiintendi-nt and organizer of games, 
whose whole time i* *|'ent In their interest, 
IjisI fall plana were- prepared by the De- 
partment of Parks for a playliotiM in Cen- 
tral Park near the Carrousel, and for laying 
out n large law n a» a play-ground. Anion 
ha* since Imsmi blocked by the opposition of 
one of tire Park Commtwhmen. The mat- 
ter. howeier. will lie brought to lire atten- 
tion of the State law-makers next year. At 
the name lime an effort w ill be made to con- 
nect the play ground nnd the public school 
systems, rendering It possible to offer special 
privilege* of outdoor recreation a* iodurr- 
mentato good work In ilia china rooms. The 
society will also advocate surrounding all 
new -eliool konst'* with ample grounds. 

Thr New York Society for Parks and 
Play grounds for Children was incorporated 
iirdi'i a special law pruned hv the New York 
Ireirlslature, May 15. IJttst, giving the aoclety 
unusual powers', including Hie appointment 
of SttocU palkc. A soi'iely in Hrookhn 
ho* fern Incorpomieii under the same law, 
and a similar organization exists in Hmtou. 
Special legWoilMii In brlsalf of the move- 
ment will lie asketl bi Severn] Stal««. Per 
hap* no fietter Idea can l«e gained of lire 
variety of interests plrdged lo the movement 
in New York than from a list of the Incur- 
pnratorii of the society. They arc Di-hop 
Henry C. Potter, Abram S. Hewkt, Andrew 
II. Green. Felix Adler. Krartus Wiman, 
Henry F Heekman. Woodbury G. Langdoo. 
William Rldnelandw Stewart; the Revs 
Alexander Mnckar Smiili, Ihtvid II. Greer, 
Charles H Parkliuret, Charts'* F. Ih-erti«. 
Knblu Guslnv (loll hell, A. Dernheirn, 
Cliarle* B. fbover. Waller Yeoomnn, Waller 
Edwards, and Ite Wilt J. SHigman. 

WaI.TKK V ROOM AS. 


REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS. D.D. 

Tint election of Dr. Brooks as Bishop of 
the Episcopal IMocroe of Mnautchusett* 1ms 
excited a «f«-p inlerrst among the memlien 
of all Christina bodies In iltl* country. Aa 
the reetorof Trinity Chnrrh. Boaton. for over 
twenty years, be hits w> lived nnd preaclred 
tiie gimpel ns to command the respect of nil 
men. however soma of them may ililfer from 
him in doctrine. HN reputation i* frit lo bo 
of thnt kiud which make.i every Christ inn 
church stronger for good, Ana it l«* Hie 
peculiar ilislinrlinn of impressing men who 
rare little for any oilier religion* teacher. 
“Men of Hie world," a» they are called, know 
perfectly well that In listening to Dr. Brooks 
they arc living add rimed hv one who, if li« 
rebukes and shames them, does so not In ig- 
norance of human life and naliin-. tmt with 
a thorough knowledge of ancietv in all Its 
phase*, from Hie tenement to the jsdoce, ansi 
with a variial nre|iMintaiice arflong all classes, 
from the hand w orker to the statesman Men 
who worship only iiiteltrei speak of him with 
unwonted o-xaul awl esteem, nttd feel that 
here it a forre with which they must reckon, 
They mpect In him u simplicity of life, a 
depth of thought and love of truth, equal to ull 
that is trert among them. A peculiar solidity 
thus mark* Dr. Brook*'* fame as a preacher 
Those who nre intimate with him are con- 
scious that while, like all other men. lie him 
certain faults and imperfections, he yet justi- 
ce* til# verdict of the public, and* that his 
charm ter nobly illustrates ilir old Latin do- 
w-riplioii of " lulus, tere*. atquc rotnndii*. '' 

TIm- signiflrniKe of this Utter fact is great- 
er than N commonly anpposed by those 
who have not slut lied the" lives of celebrated 
prearher* The gift* of such men are of a 
kiwi thnt not only expose them to tempta- 
tions of unieuinl strength. Ixit arv also apt to 
weaken their paiwer of re*i*Unre. Tl»c arl- 
mi ration which they win, while commonly 
of tire evanescent kind, i* peculiarly dazzling 
nnd intoxicating while it last-. And it 1* 
directed against Hie moral ami spiritual na- 
ture of some who. Iiy virtue of their power to 
excite the emotions of mixed multitude* of 
people, must llremselves be of a somewhat 
emotional temperament. "Those wiio seek 
to tiring bock thr wealth of Hie Indie* must 
rarry it out with them.” says the Spanish 
proverb, To persuade, uplift, and at la*t over- 
js-iwer into euthuHaslic adherence to divine 
truth a vast audience, whoso lower nnd Imbit- 
uni mood that truth rebukes, a speaker must 
jwi-K.-ia a more fervid imagination, a warmer 
heart, n more sympathetic spirit, than other 
men. These are 'dangerous as well »* splendid 
gttts. Tliev explain why the live* of some 
great preacher* have been clouded by merited 
suspicion, nr even by delected mn'rnl guilt. 
We neesi not suppose that such men have 
lKCt w rlly been hvpoerltea. Wo are glad to 
believe that there is an easier anil truer ex- 
plaiial Ion. Tire) have largely fallen victims, 
as the French express it. to •• the trier* of 
llreir virtue* " Home have been corrupted 
by flattery; otlrers lieen hurried to min by 
misplaced affection; others. Mill again, in- 
Jured hv that fatal tendency to is- satisfied 
with the society of their inferiors, which 
teems n peculiar weak iron In many great 
nmtnr*. It i» not. therefore, among the least 
of these power* which have made Dr. 
Brooks'* miuNtry n foree for riglileiaisne** 
that lie iia* kept himself aloof from all dau- 
ger* of Ibis kind. The InoUisninc taint of 
vulgar go«*ip ho* never tonehed hi* name, 
lb- lias dwelt apart from the niultitude that 
Bret fawns ami l lieu sneer*, lie bus pro 


voked no envy of thr barer kind, and bis va- 
ried gifts reel n to have been ao completely 
under the rxmtroi of a nature disciplined by 
religion that Itla preacliing has been free to 
act with unrestrained power upon the nouU 
of his bearer*. 

The characteristics of Dr. Brooks's preach- 
ing appear to combine two uualitics which 
are commonly held to contradict each oilier, 
viz... depth aod cle.vmr**. His sty In is one or 
it rent simplicity, Oow may examine Ids pub- 
lished sermons, and find on page after page 
few word* of more titan two •vllahlea. few 
sentences with more than one verb, and few 
paragraph* Hint have not in them more word* 
of Anglo Saxon than of chloric origin. Rut 
the thought in tlwre sermons scarclien and ex 

E lores realms in tbo soul of the reader which 
e lias reldoni examined far iiinm-lf. The 
quality is intensely subjective, Alight refer- 
ence Is made to history, to art or scienrc. and 
few gciremlizaiiooN are allowed. Tim Halt’ll - 
er’s thoughts ure no! permitted to wander over 
tlic uni voreo, allured l>v the speaker's ih«cvlp 
tivc pt>wer. hut he is rinoety kept to the main 
point of the personal relation between liini 
seif and (hal. It i* nuirtlr assumed that In- 
is better ihan be roalteN, that he lit* In him 
a spark of Ure divine life, nnd that it may la; 
fanned into flame If the rocky dtbria of seir- 
ishness and wmbil incss that stifles it can tie 
removed. The different qualitiro of the spir- 
itual life nre closely analyzed, i.a mnnifesta 
Him* are followed out In all their subtle wind- 
ings.. while Ure text is unfolded, depth nn 
depth, until it seem* to speak with hitherto 
unsuspected voir** to the listening amil. Ho 
rapid is the utterance Of thr speakrT, and so 
introspective his style, tltoi It require* lire 
clooest attention to follow him. and to keep 
at Ure exalted level of spiritual-mlndednon 
iilung which he moves, lie hurries on like 
the Greek youth lawrtng id* laurel bnui< h 
from the flehl of lattlle with It* nmur of 
vlctewy. and tt seems to the bearer* as If. like 
him, ire might sink hrmlldesn in the niatket- 
place. overcome i«otti by speed anil by him- 
thm. When he has finished, he leave* Uiem 
in Mich a rnissl that they feel ready to follow 
Christina virtue at all hazards, and lo say of 
Christian faith, in lire sublime words of Mil- 
ton: 



Tire natural criticism on uich preaching is 
that It iwplm MNIMWlat nrore limn an av- 
erage education in tire member* of the con- 
gregation to la* properly helped ire II This 
is undoubtedly true. Although Dr Urook* 
has more Ilian once proachiHl wirti p-ucral 
ncceptaiicc at meeting* organized by Messrs. 
Moody and Haakev fur revival |ntrrna*cs, Ire 
i» not. In the ordinary meaning of a poor 
phrare, a pn-nz'lrer In lire masses. Tire writer 
well remcriiN rs the remark marie to liltn by 
an uneducatcrl man nfter listening to such it 
mormon : " It was splendid, sir. but I cmtldu'l 
keep up" Rut there nre inultitiMlr* who can. 
atxl among them happen to be thousands of 
•mils reached, »* already said, in no thorough 
way by any other preacher. No educated 
perwan ill with the malarious dlscac** of our 
self conscious, morbid, superc ilious age can 
listen to icachlug like litis without being 
roused into nobler nianhixid if the root of 
Ure matter is- hi him And it would Ire 
equally desirahlc that a rear of such instruc- 
tion should be offered to these multitude* of 
young men knocking at the door of all pro- 
reaohma, eonddeni that they "know it all." 
and prepared to sacrifice earlier and belter 
ideal* lo Ure supreme object of ' getting on 
In the world " 

Huch is the man whom the Episcopal 
Church in Mitsfiarhuoett* has honoresl It-idf 
in choosing as Hisliop. It is quite conceivable 
that a coiMlderublc a urn tier of tire clergy of 
tlial Cliurrh should sincerely regret hi* elec- 
tion. Home of them, while pet*onnll> him 
oriog Dr Bronks, differed no widely from him 
in their therdogicul view* that they consider- 
ed it wrong to give a supposed iMormncnt 
lo *uch views liy their votes. Other* were 
reluctant to withdraw Dr. Brooks even par- 
tially from the pulpit of Trinity Church. 
But to the great majority of tire' clergy, as 
the vote provcs.no other choice was pnwuhle. 
They gr»s|*sl the providential opportunity 
tr> show men that whatever difference might 
exist, they honored and supremely valurd 
their foremort man. To ask whetlwr Ire waa 
ns well filled as some others for certain <lu 
tic* of the epricr-pal office, to amreni 1<( 
High <!hurch or I*nw Cliurrh or liirind 
Church views ami prejudice* was but to 
"darken counsel." In Dr.Bmiks Ureworld 
houoroil a man who Imd done more to coin 
mend the Episcopal Cliurrh to the re* pen nf 
men than any one in the liislor) of New 
England. And nlmve nml beyond all Midi 
questions, lie was universally recognized as 
a tower of strength against infidelity and 
materialism 



REGINALD DE KoVEX. 

Mi sic, a* far a* we have advanced at pre- 
sent on the path ihnl lnul* upward from mere 
financial well I wing, wunld serin to tic the art 
mort congenial lo the American lnul. In sp 
precaution. If lire enilmriasiic welcome given 
to lire work* nf Wagner may Ire taken ns a 
criterion, wrare behind no nation tail the (ter 
mans; in execution we may p*;-int proudly, 
among many other Instance*, to Mi** Earn** 
wIki ha* this M-nsr-n lakeu Luudun by Mono 
and m production. Mr. Reginald Dp Karen, 
wire hit* ri-mpou'd three operna of the light 
tr *ori. nil of which have met with eminent 
success — Thr ftfgum, tt rot pmdurvd by the 
McCaull Cetanuv in I'liiladclphln 111 IHUT. 
/*« in Boaton in UPUI. nod /fcit.i 

if—xl. which, linving also first seen tire f<» I 
light* in Biwli'l), Itassiiue. limlcr il* new it* nre 
of .VithI Af.iri.ru. l-erome ImilM'ltecIi |mpulnr 
at the Princeof Wales Theatre ill I.oiirbm Mr 
Ih Koven, who is still a young innu In have 
done so much.lt a native of Chicago, but wav 
cd i wilted in England, taking hi* degree at St 
John'*. Oxfoul. in 1ST9— hi* twentieth year 
In appenrunte Im- ha* nothing of the long 
haired, melancholy manner peculiar in Hi* in- 
spired musician* of the comic journal* or tlic 
stage. 1'faiiugh devoted, even at the age of 
fourteen, to his chraen art, be affects no uz 
periority to the joyous pxrtitncs of liumhlrr 
mortals, ami he and his wife— a daughter of 
Senator Farwell — arv welcome ■■erlieipaot* in 
all social revel ties front lending n gvntiaa 
upward or downward, as individmd tarn; 
may dictate, lias profcarioinil tniucBliou. 
since Ire Iia* for love of it tnnde niuric n ,rf" 
fession, began with two years, from lM?:t to 
1OT5. at tire Stuttgart (’niiacrrntoire. and wt< 
resumed at lire name place fortwo more year* 
in lktU. After the production of bi* ffirt 
open, lie studied certain detaib. in rsprcial 
tire tlcklSrti matter of orclre*«rarion. with Mr 
Kirlmnl Genre fur some iiMailhs. since whk-ti 
time he Im* Ireen putting on along bin own 
way to f nitre. 



Y*nn*n tx this rontniT I* a] present 
suffering, as declared in Uais (vdunin last week, 
from lire incident* of a period of tratiriliun 
A1l sport* necessarily gn through such jreri- 
id*, which invariably consist of the gradual 
elimination nf nil purely arliiirary or nrttrtcial 
restriclloos or limit tit inn* nut necessary for 
the preset vutiun of a sportsman like spirit, 
before settling down to tlreir ultimate definite 

shape. 

The question it* lo wbnt will hr tire future 
of yachting In America may be answered— 
in n spirit of prophecy— aa follow*; Within 
five year* yachting, lit ttiv opinion, will I* 
conducted under a system embracing there 
cardinal points: 

A. A permanent board representing all 

yin hi dub. 

B. A general role of measurement for 
rlasriBeaUcui— to remain in operation for a 
defined period from the lint* of proRiulga 
linn. 

Tit* division of racing I Mint* into I'com- 
panitively | nuhncroii* class** under Mtcb me* 
surement. 

D. No lime allowance between boats of tire 
same class. 

K. Hingic . gun Marts, nnd the fir-1 hoot 
1 io nre to win. 


- truth -t-e.il fonrsqntn to *11 Uw alads that bhnt." 

To let slip the chance to place Mich a man 
in thr posit ion of highest honor would have 
been indeed a blunder. Happily it was not 
made, nor, indeed, doe* the danger ap|*wr 
ever to have been rertou*. Dr. IJr. a.k* w s« 
elected by n majority of two to one. and l>v 
a vote which reem* to have iepri'«cntrd alt 
parties in the (Ihurch. — 

Tire man «hu ha* a message flincu' 
or. and win* forgets Jiimself .xia- 

of Id* embawy, wUI ever' .„ lire fervor 
ed lo. - J where l« l»»«- 


Wmt nit* malar of whnt nturt come, it 
N the intention to give briefly (n lire present 
and succeeding iawies my reasons rtsi such 
helirf. and correspondence tx>m thrwe inter 
ert*d in yacht hie innw>i-* N invited .»n tin- 
snhjert, Houieti -r,- ; , e forbid* promising to 
putdish all reply's in full. 


1X0 t xtv text this week propo«itii -• 

• a permanent board representing all 

cl«iloi~ it mav be said firat tlmi vuv- 

ns tookiug I" tl»la direction have been 



MAY ».1W1. 


351 


HARPER'S WEEKJ/V. 


numerously, indicating a gmdnn! trrowib of 
bedef bv tbu ) nc-I> 1 lujf couillianl'v in Hie 
utility of on American Yacht Kuci’og Anso 
«iutl<in. Moreover. partial oipwinw-niM In 
thie direction, lately instilii led. have been mii: 
msful. mi example In found In I lit <-»l Ini 
(oriii 111 in II Navy of then- witter*, with its v.i 
riouN A.|uailron» U ibe yacht elute. which 
coai pone 111. Till* A***k-»iuii»h is limited to 
small IkiMS, and for llretn 1 1 Isas produced the 
desirable results of uniform elaaalflailloR, 
tiuiform rules. something in tiir niiture of 
uii appellate trilmmil. and tile tllCOUrajmiicnt 
of ilin sport which arise* from its simplili'-a- 
tiou in matters of mere detail. 

It mist hk affakent tlmt h is an uil- 
Tauliiee for u i scbtamsn lit buve Inn ruse set 
of rules, and "tliat n tried und (Mini one. 
which shall apply to nil I be rare* in Which 
he contend* ; to Imre but one system of time 
atlowanrr (while time allowance reniaimi tie 
ce»ur> ), and not in m<vt the same tmau in 
racer uuder live auspices of different rliilataw 
terms which domu vary In rncli event ; to have 
a Larger class of coinpeiilur* built, to lie sailrd 
uuder (be same rule* which apply to Id* own 
boat; to have each pruposilinn in relution to 
altering or ameudlui' meamircirent. dnaMficn- 
tiou, sal ling rules, or oilier general conditions 
which affect nil yachts, not Imstlly adopted, 
to tlic possible detriment of the boat which 
he bus ciMislnictrd in meet a former rule, bill 
only If and wlwn they, by a ronsen*n» of 
y Drilling opinhin, are Ibnugiit essential to 
the progress of tin; sport. The excellent 
working of this system of a National Yacht 
Racing Aooockatloa bus I seen exemplified for 
many vnnrs in Ragland, anil liroved advan- 
tageous to the l»*t degree. Neither i« tire 
machinery of surh an Assnriaihm nimlier- 
wtnc, nor the detail of carrying it oniumruus. 

Seen AX aKmMTaYIiiM might well la* funn- 
ed in this country, to conui-t of two delegate!) 
from each of Use twenty or thirty ]>n>tmtient 
yacht cluha of (Jie Bastem const. The or 
ganimtton of sueh n body would bo very 
simple, ronaisllugof the tituutl officer* — Presi- 
dent, Secretary. Tmumree and Offleial Mrw 
suture; with standing rutiiinillM* on sailing 
mien, measurement for classification ami 
classes, complaint, and powdbly oue or two 
Others. The com mi t lee* might meet wlih 
lucJt frequency as necessary, while the Asso- 
ciation, a» bitch, would hardly need nmre 
titan two general meetings each year— one 
shortly before the beginning ami one shortly 
after the clone of the yachting arason. Mea- 
surement and time allowance while St is re- 
tained! being Uie same for all dnba behufteff 
to the Association, the ceriiDcnle of one of 
the Official llMMitrr* of lire Aremdaliun, or 
n certified copy from the llle* of lire Associa- 
tion. would dispose for the entire season, and 
for all race* und nil chilis, of lire qur*linn of 
(he bout's classification aud site. At present 
minor differences of detail na to measure- 
mcn' among our leading yacht clubs raise 
cudk-sa contusion on this point alone. Aid- 
ing rule* under such proposed system being 
alike foralldub*. minor differed era governing 
particular race* would not buve to lie borne 
In mind, and many aivomal ira — even absurd- 
ities. one might sav- at present existing amid 
the mas* of oullfng regulation*, would Ire 
eliminated. Classification would lie the same 
for all ciulre. 

A (I LANCE AT THE TACHTIXO FIELD *S It 
now stands amply dcmoaslrates the Advan- 
tages of sncli a result. Thu New York 
Yacht Club cMlw today by water-line 
length. The Ijtrelunnni Yacht Club clawi- 
lies by corrected length, but I he limit* of ils 
ctaMca differ from the limit* of the clamm 
adopted some four year* ago by the Corln- 
t liian Yacht t'luh. Tire Sewwnoluka Yacht 
Club classifies by wulei-line length, bill for 
lime allowance ha* a different measurement 
ami a different formula fruia the New York 
Yacht Club. The Atlantic Yacht (iubrinasi 
fie* hv water-line length, exce|>t its 'AY foot 
claw, which Is a 3ft- Riling ch»», if a cor- 
rected length data, lit oilier words, a wild 
cou fusion reigns no this subject, with strung 
indication* of a general change to a corrected 

length hut unlrra brought aluml 

to uniformity hv means of an usaocintiiia. lire 
niewsuremeut of the *am« hnvi will ilitTcr 
under the role* of iliffercnl club*, und lire 
limits of classes will ulm> thus differ, making 
it aa expensive and hazardous experiment 
for a raring man to build a l*wt today, a* It 
may be ureter* lumber mb bis bunds next 
week. 

In the NEXT last'* pmpnuilbin • B," slated 
nhove— a "general rule «d measurement for 
claadlVcailoo"— will la: handled, together 
with Midi views or correspond* iky iui propo- 
aitiou "A" a* may reach us in lime for pub- 
lication. 

Thk ParxcEToN Base-ball Teak gave 
several good opportunities last week for 
studying the play 'if tire men wbca not mi 
edge. * shall have nothing more to say to 
Captain Dana on the subjec t of a sulwlimie 
cuiclter. I ww Brown Um Wednesday catch 
all three of Princeton's plichera. nnd he was 
u revelation. I le is ao close to Brokn w h work 
that it take* very keen perrrplbin to cliatin- 
g 1 1 Loll between them. Hi* throwing to haw 
puls Brokuw on (be defensive. Spooner, 
wlio has only lately been seen outside of 
Princeton, is pulling up good hull, aud is a 
promising player. Knickerbocker cannot 
field his position, hut his hutting is very good. 


King is strong no thrown ball*, hut dors not 
till o-a well himself. Young is giving |K-r 
cepliUle evidence that he is aciiiiriuc tun 
great an 'minion of rill- litisc- -hall ability of 
Lawrence Young and is nut «o prmntsing u» 
lie would be If bk* lx»d retained ti* normal 
propnrtii >u*. You liuvc a great deal of work 
cut out for you. my boy— more tbau you Im- 
agine; don't mil away with tbc blew that Ibe 
snuon is over anil lire i-humpionsliiu woo. 
Drake It** a good curve, but is wild. IWigra 
is the most Impeful of the lul. and 1 expect 
to fs-c him c-oinc up iniocUacupinip-hip form. 

While tuf.hk ai’Itum* to he no dearth 
of fivt-rhis* l*i*c ln| I matrrisl at Princeton, 
lire Y ale nine, mi the other hand, is inevllug 
with a reties of disappointments iliat are 
milier discouraging. Huntington, wire Was 
iatiiltig wi well mill nfiwntocd to I*- lire wrong 
liilti-r of the nine, did «mly what bud ls-en 
feared wlx-n lie siraiiitd a tendon ia hit leg 
last week. This i* the renirremT of an old 
injury rrcelvi-d iu letinlv and was |w rlm 
to Ir- cxpci-tni. ih'Kigh it leave* Captain Cal- 
In Mi n in u still deeper (pmiMiary regarding ab 
in rii-Ul Case ha* bwil trirsl at KNXind, and 
w ith fair sucres*. This w ould give Bowers 
an op|Mirtuiiiiy of relief, although he ho* 
slinwn great strength, mid his piiehiug is 
ceilaluly far nlsive expect otiona. 11c is an 
improving man. nnd a good one. Kislzie is 
filling tbltd very acceptaldy. imd occaskimih 
ly miiki-s a lirillianl bit. >lur|div is n lively 
short stop, but not *«irc. lie lias bad cm- 
sbli'rabli- praise reeeutly, mid I warn him 
against falling lino the usual error of most 
yming player* tlial I save ibme fairly well, 
.mii gelling tin- •' lug hctul. " Tlrere are lots 
of thing* for you to ienrti alsxit tire game 
yet. Mr. Murphy, and vour lentil needs your 
l«ut work till* tear. McCInng »« gelling Into 
form on llrsl base, and is a fur better mao 
than lire uncertain Stewart, who ba* Ireen 
dropped, (imendly speaking, thn nine w 
improving, tiie present mimniitry lemg fast 
Imho runners, occralric fielders, and weak 
beuen. 

N'urwrrusTANtHNci tiik fact that lire 
Harvard nine show* brilliant, steady work In 
one game, ami very loom-, erratic plnv iu lire 
mutch immediately following. Hie men are 
playing in murli better form than that of a 
week ugo. Tire nine fc* unquestionably 
growing stronger wjih every <Uy * pruclici.- 
TraJTonl, l«l lx, llovey. s. s., llidluwi-ll. 
c, f . nnd Frmbitigtiam. r f.. have been Ail- 
ing tbrir position* very creditably, i K-nn 
Iih* partliilly recovered "frwn hi* Inure n»m. 
Ilsougli Cook has not yet shown up, and in 
tire mean time Soule and Ma*on have been 
lilliitg third. Alvnrd hits hImi been playing 
In left Held, Dickinson laying off. The 
eltoire of meu ire* not yrl liven tnndc for all 
the pool ions, but they buve imirnwml dowD 
to tbirtl inure aiul left Held, and will pinbnbly 
be decideil upon vert sborlly. In recent 
gan’i-A rpt'iti ha* luu-ked up tire pitcher In 
line shape, ami little* buH shown ctMtsidemWe 
Improvement in keeping cutttrol of himself 
until tbc last. 

Tnr. II ARVAltD chew lui* mnde no especial 
change in the tmsl leu day*: tbu mum- meu 
I gave hut week have ut in the luat, though 
lay mini aud Rower* iiave chanced place*, 
lire former going to 4 and the latter to 3. 
Steady improveun-m is being made in lire 
general crew work, ilwiugh ail are- dower at 
I lie cntdl than stroke, and the melt buve yet. 
of course, many faults. Luck of fanrwooy i* 
especiully iioticuitble, each man rowing more 
or le** mi his own rrMpotisibility. lire 
awing of the body it laid und tire cntdl ia 
weak, while the arms urn jcrkul into Hie 
laxly. We ahull have a gtuxl look at tire 
men next week, when we hope to give a 
smoother account of their work. 

Yam; ia ott or i-ick in Itaving one of 
llie best men in lire bout, llagermnii. culhsl 
away. Ilia father, who has L*xu rcMdiuc m 
Coioraili) for hi* health, was n-cciiily taken 
quite ill. enough so to semi for hi* son. Of 
course, should linger mini prrt die, I In- sou 
would not be likely to return to College until 
next term. It is lioiml that so serum* an 
event will not occur; but to the mean time liw 
material nt Y'nln is is-ing looked over for a 
prospective "T." it will not be «u easy to 
fill lire *mt should the necessity arise, man- 
ley Morrison I* rowiDg on his class crew-, and 
working very earnestly, with an eye on the 
varsity.' Wlietlicr lie will be culled upon i* 
not known; certainly lie ha* l reef enough, 
(iii'ihl is is-ing irinl lit stroke, anil, in nrrord 
unce with my already espmmvl view* upon 
Si m m*. 1 conuiler lire change n goisl one so 
far u* the calibre of lire I wo men Is con- 
cerned. Simms is an excellent iHttsmuu in 
munv reqiecl". but I do not ft-cl he quile ful- 
fil* tire reqnirrmsfita of a stroke Hr is row- 
ing ut in* old place, ?. and. to hi* credit Ire it 
Mid. working earnestly Cook t* pleased 
with his pupil lleffelfinger; that is evident; 
and smnit wonder, for Iu- i* iM*|uirtng better 
form every day. and tire strength Ire can put 
into n *wiip is* worth pou nd* thirty odd tim«*' 
every niinme. There is very little change in 
the other men front last week They lire doing 
better, rowing more smoothly, niid getting 
more power in an the catch. 

The If akv.mlii. Y ale Rhi.ncetob laise hall 
mutter remain* in practically the same con- 
diUou ns it «*< lust week—*', e., to ail npjieiir 
a sees. Tire fact of tire mutter Is. however, 
that Harvard H getting u bit uneasy, aixl be- 


ginning to wonder wliellier n p |vi**ildi- Its 
iiiuilifarinus comniillees bun- ffuu 'v tujisl 
diaastroualy with ibe provi-rlMni bi'i straw. 
Smile very interesting iJi-tclu|inii-iits will 
take place in the (oniing week ur ten days, 
and in tbc nrean time we bmredt Yuli- In 
staml firm, uih! Harvard to bring some of ita 
good sense to I tear on this question. 

Thk Bkkkki.f.y Athletic Ct.rn bus al 
no vs given the mml intcmling giinies of the 
«** stnumer srw"on. and t !»«**»■ of t hi** year, 
to lu- Ira-Ill May Ifitli. will 1 m- no exeepti'm lo 
the rale. It is niifottuunie iliat lire Y’alr- 
Hurvur'i gaincw fall on the oann- date, n> it 
will prcvi-nl the itlleiidaoce of Hie allililr* 
from ibooo two eoHofmt T*n*. oftrv all, haa 
it* ndvaulageou* side, however. Practically 
tire oarre spedaiort tlmt aileud Uie Berkeley 
gniiu-.' go ulwi to the iulercollegiale i-biuo- 
phtoshl|»; Hrey will have an option unity at 
tbc former of seeing siibstimtiully the trams 
of Princeton and Columbia, uud specula- 
tion a* to what these will do in competition 
with the athletes of Hie two larger unlversi- 
tic-t will aihi greatly to tire interest of the to- 
lercollrgiute chiunpionship* on the KOth. 

Afhofos of the YaLE-HahvamI' giinre*, 
tire perHsrency with which the Harvarrj 
College pit per* declare this (he la-ginning or 
tlitcmlluK— h>r It might a* well 1 m- on.- dh thi- 
ol her— of the dual li-nguc.i* us amusing as the 
complacency with which they have twisted 
the first eMitecpU'io of n dual lengur. Orb 
giually it was lu hei-ualtwls with Yule, to lire 
exclusion of all ntlrer cnlh-ge* Now wit 
learn from a recent issue of ii llaivnrd pu- 
per that " Harvard lio* no ImmUnnof with- 
drawring from inlrrcollegiate gnmea." Of 
course she bam'i now. Tire undergraduate* 
w ould not permit her to do an. But this ia 
undent history. This column, week* ago. 
when the subject was first touched u|xin. de- 
clnreil n dual league between Yale mid Har- 
vattl lo the eiclttahin of ntlrer clb-gra an 
utter irupnasihtlily, ami gave lire reasons 
llterefor. There will Ire a regular May day 
liiiu*e eh nii-tig at t'amllriilge one of ‘UireN- 
days, ami a few of lire college editors aud 
one or two membera of ibe Advisory Com- 
mittee will be very much "in iL” 

Tiik Amatctr BaMC-Bali. Lkaoi k opena 
It* -reoMon next SstunUy, hot the nine* have 
played acveral exhibition gumes. so tliat 
■"litre line rusy ire obtained on ilrelr early 
form. The Staten Dlund Athletic Club I in* 
Ireen chnugml very ntalurinlly. unly four of 
tire old men Is-ing retained. Finley, tire 
new rutclrer, is u promising man, in Uniting 
portlatlnriy. Kraus, another new player, ts 
enpuble either its a pitcher or a catcher. 
Ninth, the new first - baseman, la tolerably 
sternly. Brill, wbo lias ls-en seen at short, 
field* well. Inti *eem* weak at lire bat. Bo- 
han. the Other new man. l»* not yet distin- 
guish**! himself in (be field, though, to bu 
Ju*t. ho has liatl nr* fielding chance*- At the 
Ixxt lie lire* not made u rtreonl. Van Zunl 
and Doppler, of l»*t year's tram, stanud In by 
bulling well, the former likewise .showed hi* 
ohl time vigor in pitching Moore, in left 
field, has not yrl shown stilisfucUiry farm. He 
may come up later. Hoortey b a promising 
pUelwr. 

The Enai.Rironp FtEt.n Clch. in It* 
first game with the New Y’ork Athletjc 
Club, played perfect hall for five Inulne*. 
nnd llteit eollapaed. nMwitbsUnding which 
fact, however, the N Y. A. C secured hut 
five run*, (jnuut hua taken hold Just w hen- 
ire left off last Year upiwivnHy, atwl t* cnldi- 
ing a Klrwly game Westervrlt lias Ixitfa 
curve noil spwl, a* usual, but b Inclined Ui 
hold a •gmiind-lili ball too long, sod then 
make n circus throw. If lie w«tuM throw 
lire ball a* *ram ** he gets it, Pn.»*t'i could 
recover it and return to lat.se in lime for the 
|mi-out even If Ibe throw was very wild. A* 
tt whs. Prosser saved him some error*, but 
not all. Fourteen meu -littck out, and two 
bit* were modi-, hut to Inlunor it he gave 
five men their base on balls, made two wild 
pit cites and three error* 

P HOUCK It A FtBST-nASK FLAT was good, blit 
lie mule one very laid throw to (rutint lu 
Duryer's Hbxrnce. a im-w man, .MacDonnltl. 
tried to play recnntl, without sucres'. He 
w III probably do good work In tire mil field 
when Dnrvis- nUy* second ntfi his (Milling 
is g-»»l l‘be Mowryn were rhungetl about. 
I.. 1). plnving siuirt stop, and sending hi* bro- 
ther. Smith, to third haw. Am IhuIi were ik-w 
to Htrir position*, it i* impossible to criticino 
Ilrelr Work. Probably lire change will Ire au 
improvement, for Smith invariably overthrew 
from short, mid L. D. threw too low from 
third base. Flatlet, who played with lire 
New Jersey Athletic Club last year, has been 
put iu left field, and will stay tlrere. Ilia 
fielding was sharp und clean, amt lie Lwllisl 
ami ran Imimcs with good Judgment Van 
Onlen and M. Coe, both of last year * Irani, 
playtsl tire other two out field position*, hut 
Imd no fielding cliaw-e* Van Onlen sliownl 
up very well at the bat nnd on lire Ihihc*. 

Tiik Staten Imi.ami Cmicket Cm boa 
also * It* ran up many new players: Carr, 
entrher; De (iiirmenaia, first law; Tain lor. 
left field ; mid Slocum, sliurt stojs— beitig the 
only old men 1 b the club* tiret game Shar- 
roti pltdicl. bill Wit butted rather freely. 
Tire Wood bayn plnyrt] stssmiiI and third 
ha-res, aud liad' euusMerable fielding lu do. 
Hal*ted appeared in the out field, aud will be 


an emergency man for nnv position on the 
I* aw. Carlin, amnlier ire* mao in the out- 
field, Imd nothing in do. but Ire is a pmmis 
ing pitclret for the dub. Tire team batiini> 
was abominably wi nk. The «q>|H»iug jutcli' 

cr wu» of last ytwr's AHiletU-s. mid 

they should have pounded him; but one 
Hiiuitl hit by De ttainrendui was the total. 
Janie* Tyng umpired, a hkcb mean* that Ire 
1* not yel strong enough lo play. Wlren Ire 
i*. the team will !«• maierially -trettgUirnrei. 
for lie «* prul mill v a swifter amateur pitcher 
Haiti 'Brig'' Young, of Prim.-etuu. which is 
saying a great deal. 

Thk Crkwent Athletic Cun, after 
keeping very quiet until tire last liorir. In,, 
cimio out, mm they did last year, with a rush. 
They opened last season in about the muiihj 
Way. but oonld not bold the pace, anil wwnt 
down aa rapidly n» they hiul gone up. Tliev 
have Hbowtl up in LielterMbape. however. Him 
year. Tlrere ate him to lie more subManiial 
evnlencc of ball playing. Only two of last 
year's l*wm— Mmyiiy. catcher; aud Ford, 
out Held— are on lire team, which mean* tliat 
the t Trscent* will play hard in keep from 
finishing where they did lost year. 

The National Ciik-kkt Awmxtatiox 
sclreme proposed by Mr. Wharlou, uu en- 
Ihutdoatie Pbilailelphia cricketer, promises 
to lie a surocjM. The Western cities hare 
ajrreed lo give their support, while all the 
hast Is in favor of it. Una Inn, New York 
Philadelphia, and Baltimore will play for 
tire Eastern championship, and Pittsburgh. 
Chicago, and Detroit for the Wt-nevn; tire 
winners of each «rrie* meeting to decide 
the rliAmpli'ii-liip. Tire Central Committee 
scheme still hangs fire, though It lias Home 
strong advocates. This, however, is u purely 
lueal matter. Thr cricket scubimi, from the 
prewent outlook, will lie dim of tire busiest uu 
record. We afe promised visit* from Eng- 
lish aud Irish uiiiHlrur learns in the autumn, 
while long tours through Canada and the 
Weal will Is- feature* of our own clubs. 
Among tire collegw. the University uf Penn- 
sylvania will probably win bando down, her 
leant will 1* ainwger tiuui ever— a fart ro Ire 
regretted. iMH-nitse it will, to * large extent, 
leaseit the interest iu InLercollrgiatc cricket. 
Both Harvard nrnl Yah; are making effort* 
lo put up creditable teams. 

The naval hoard of tire Schuylkill Navy, 
front whk’h the committee that manages the 
Cup and People* Itegnira lreld July 4Ut ut 
Philadelphia Is churett. will at iu next meet- 
ing consider the feasibility of throw iug 
tllli) event open to the country. Heretofore 
it ba* Item an invitation regatta. eaUta 
Ireing requested only from such club* *• 
came up to the rcquIrtuMBla of this com- 
ralllee. There has been at timra * gTetti 
deal of dlsMtUfactbiu exureraed bv narsmeu 
over Ibis arrangement, fcjr clubs have been 
debnrmt merely becante oonte tncmU-r* 
had displeased, at owe time or another, 
tills august committee. Tito climax «>• 
capped when the entry or the Atalnnta 
crew , of New York, wns refused, anti that of 
Hie Bradfords, of BoMoo. accepted. What 
hit* nwakennl Hie comniilUr to l Ire irei-esaity 
of a change I* the fart that since the large 
athletic club* have nddrd the aquatic feature 
these witii- men who have fallen under tire 
committee * lain, anil who, alngti Infly coouglt, 
have been ill nearly every rose excellent 
narsmrit drift into athletic club* «o power- 
ful that the Pbiltidelphia corn mi lire iinnir- 
dlalrly dlarevvrr* ilrelr eligibility No com- 
mittee re-lisbe* this sort of tbbig. hence tire 
proposed change. 

Caspar W. Whitnkt. 


A I.KSSON PROM CHILI. 

Tilt: Chilian insurgent* nnd UtROupporters 
of Pretkk-nt Balntaci-da nnd his government, 
fighting together with all tire blind fury of 
tbc return nod cals »jf Kilkenny, are incident- 
ally providing other power* with a dcutou- 
Slralion. thuUL'Ii on a sinull scale, of some 
'buiUfttl points in the murfM* of tire future. 
Naval experts, in especial, linve lung Ireen 
proclaiming dial it Wat impurelble 10 foretell 
what winild be the outcome of a battle at V: a 
lit Ikon day* of Titoullc gnus and |K,nderejus 
Hireling fortresses. Whether heavy oannou 
or solid armol plating would come' out vie- 
toriiKis, whether n mimlrer of smaller uud 
more entity huialieil " CM pull* would or would 
not prove in tire cad nwn dntnietiv* than u 
few llioiisters th-petideut u pun delicate ai-d 
easily disarranged machinery, huw far a 
blockading lle*-i could Influence tbc result of 
a contest tisbore. are liut a few of the qneo- 
tion«llMit have Imn-u hot lyddHUcI by oppo-itur 
authnritio*. Of tlrere Hie last ouly, anil that 
but partiitlly, has navel ts-en ret at tint by the 
tiivM-ut 'IImumiiuim conflict ; hut the street* of 
lfiragun, not long since a fairly flourishing 
little town, imw torn and tibudrrrd hy shriek 
tug shot ami shell, def lnri' plainly’ enough 
what terrible Injun may Ir- wreaked upon a 
seaport by u ImmiIIc squadron with scarcely 
any fear of effectual relaliatii.u from lire 
shore Submarine mining doe* not seem to 
buve been resorted to lu HiIm inatnnee. aud 
may still lie considered »*i-n its trial, Imt tlrere 
tire many men of weight who maintain ibnt 
lt« a<-tlou mum nlways l«e Imtlml «rai hap- 
humid, anti tbtu Ho nretlFwl of purely pnmlve 
rt-Hytaoce ruiiid be relirei upon, io’ com- of 
foreign cooiplii-atnuiM. to |n«ure lire city of 
New York from devastation similar lo' but 
far more wide »pn-u>l aud ruinous tlum that 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. XO. 17*4. 


332 



UltF.AKIXG GROUND FOR THE GRANT MONUMENT.— Aftkh a PiiuTociiArit. 


which has overtaken Piwkgua. One fact, 
however, lut» been established beyond all ells 
puting— that the locomotive torpedo, the en- 
gine of annihilation (lmt fleets through the 
waters with almost intelligent determination. 
U a deadly instrument of offence, and that u 
pony cruller armed with Uicoe products of 
inhuman ingenuity can demolish the hugest 
ironclad*. tw the stone of David overthrew 
Goliath To this country, in the present con- 
dition of lb navy, the Importance of the les- 
son cannot well be over-estimated, ami it is to 
be hoped that the powers that bo will take it 
carefully to heart, and secure so substantial 
a protection for the onl) Joluts io our harness 
which an enemy can strike at— our scabuatd 


IN MEMORY OF GRANT. 

On the afternoon of Monday. April 27U», 
the thunder of one-and-twenly gun* echoed 
along the cliffs that overhaul; the Hudson, 
from the United Slate* steam-ship Yantie, 
moored iu live river below, and in this wav 
was announced tliat. after six yean of pre- 
liminary preparation and appeal, the first 
step was about to be taken io the nctun] con- 
struclUm of an appropriately mugniflceal to- 
ken of the imperishable love and gratitude 
nourished by the American pimple for the 
memory of the greut man to whom in ca- 
per ini they awe their present uoily and pros- 
perity. With excellent appreciation, the day 
chosen for breaking the ground on which 
the national monument to Ueiicnil Ulysses 
S Grant will stand was the sixty-ninth an- 
niversary of tile day on which tin; hero was 
born, and. by a scries of singular ooincUle-twc*. 


the month, as Commander Freeman pointed 
out iu his eloquent oration, is one fraught 
with reminiscences of that terrible struggle iu 
winch ho was destined to win eternal glory. 
In April the fateful canuan-ball was hurled 
at Fort Sumter; in April occurred the awful 
carnage of Shiloh; ami. above all, in April, 
at a lima when tlio hearts of the people were 
gladdened by the prospect of an immediate 
and lasting peace, the man who through good 
and ill report hod striven to honorably attain 
it fell by Hit hand of a cowardly assassin. 

Henceforth this gloomy list of associations 
will be relieved by one of brighter import— 
the day on which’, all rivalries ami animosi- 
ties being laid aside, the naliuii at Urge, the 
wearers of tbo gray in line with the boys in 
blue, the South baud in hund with the North 
—united to do honor to tbc man who earned 
fame for them both in winning it for him- 
self, and through whom iu after-years the 
dluac-ns of the entire world paid homage to 
their courage aud virtue in paying It to uis. 

Tbc ceremonial observed on the occasion 
were characteris'd by a straightforward sim- 
plicity eminently suitable to the nature of 
tbc man they celebrated. Id the presence of 
veterans of tlic Grand Army— surrounding 
the tomb iu which repose the ashes of the fa 
mous General — of many distinguished of- 
ficers. members of Cougress aud the Legisla 
ture.offlriiU* of the State and city, and promi- 
nent private citizens from all parts of tbe Uu 
Ion, tlic short Iwt Impressive programme was 
carried out with military directness. First, 
three hundred children from the Sheltering 
Anns institution marched (Hist the tomb to 
the inspiring strains of a drum anil fife band 
playing " America," and each, in pawing, 


cast down a posy of forget me nols in Irib 
ute to the man of whose skill and courage 
they are the innocent heirs. An overture by 
the Marine Band was followed by prayer of- 
fered by the Rev. Dr. (.lark Wright, chu)>- 
luin to Commander Freeman's staff. The 
commander himself next briefly introduced 
General Porter, the orator of the day. who 
spoke eloquently ami heartilv in praise of 
the dead General. Having referred with di* 
erect adulation to hit untiouudcd energy and 
talents, he concluded by saying; "If there be 
one word whirh describes better than any 
other the predominating characteristic of his 
nature. that word is * loyalty.' He was loyal to 
his frieads, lo)id to bU fainilv, loyal Io Ills 
country, loyal to bis God. " Tin- singing of 
the " Star-spangled liuuner" then led up to 
the object of the gathering. Commander 
Freeman, carrying a sliver mouuted spade 
hearing an iuxrlpiioci relating the principal 
incidents of the famous General's career. 
Mopped solemnly forward, and after a touch- 
ing peroration drove the spade into the turf, 
und carefully deposited Its contents In a box 
provided for that purpose. The laying of the 
corner stone under the supervision of John 
II. Duncan, the designer of Ute mausoleum, 
ended the proceedings. 

Tbo completion of the structure will now 
be carried forward as rapidly as passible, but 
tho funds at the disposal of Urn committee 
are as yet for from Mlfllclent. It h to lie 
hoped, however, that the people will not al 
low a public recognition of worth so well 
begun to languish for such 11 caux. anil tliat 
tbe money for the stately building projected 
will be forth coming long before It can tic 
pressingly needed 



BOMBAllDMKNT OF PlKAOtTA.? CHII.I-Ami * Pnornsasni— [Rsa F*ot HI 1 


I.KMON- COLORED PEOPLE, 

If tbf J belong h> tbe CmkmIso rice. have Jaundiced 
llvm. Rat whs* Hostetler'* Somisih Billers Is um4 
IAs bile seeks Iu aslant ebsaaet, and lb. skin t» 
•limes • healthy tint. Nstses. sick bssdsrtwa. hr 
n|>on the tongue, cousdpatluu, sod pslu In tbs nflon 
-■( lbs liter also twn«r when It Is used. Molarls, 
kldnsy n-iutiln*. rUuaistlHB, sud dyifpsla anccum* 
to ilia Bills rs.—Mds.) 


MERIT THE TEST. 

SsessT.sr Tassv rerrsllr snack Ike key-mils »ie 
paV-lt aiipruvu. uhsu t» dwlsrsd writ ss the rat* 
l»-M Us lie employed lot rotter In Ouaiitclkjn ajh 
asvsl emulnymnti. Tlir mu priori pt* nt merit sp 

B iss In Iitbrr wsys For Inetsncr. recesuly oua of lbs 
glicst uOrlats i.f lb. tsonrnaumt nf tbs t’alced 
twsba. be me dellgbtel with s simple sent him by s 
relaUtc. Ultei-J iu be sent to Ms rsaldra.ee la Wssb- 
InrUHi, ktr bu prlvstn ose, less) of oar Brand <4 
•• Pick -Ms- Up- CheKwU. Tbolr high merit led Io 
their pret.renra These l 'befools sre spp< related by 
nil uho ka-.e s good •muka ishsu they gss IL Tbsy 
combine purity, eirelleix*, and economy, are slm uf 
i fin, slid sold retail In |i*--k*r*» e4 # lor l« rents 
The WTsdent y, , kne e s .f..vrnu.' says: “They or* tsr 
topeilnr u, hundreds of bmude of boo! cigar*, tnd 
I- -ntmlsennra Metre I brill Vi lossy nf the higher priced. 
They sio lisadsulna sud nude nf the lluesl stock tint 
■ iu I is V Might, and sre t Free and srumallc smoke.* 
Free (rum alt uuxluns flavorings, mut mads enllrelr 
nf r.Vi. ni-e, mild. nslsrsl Leaf Tobacco. If mu found 
at local seal era*. send Hernia Iu pswUgs stamps. with 
name MKl sddrree In (nil. ss4 in •• llck-Me-l'-ts " win 
lie rent (Ne to an* port o< Ike fulled Mimes. Our 
name, hrsml, sad sddeeaa on every cacksge. In boxes 
•it WS cub for reuller*. who ran order bum any 
wholesale house Msnsfaclarer*. Thoms* Or aces k 
fVi ISIS ■ml ris.LII. V. Il.l.mm.S v. . tr . 


MH3. WINSLOW'S HOUTIIIMU DYHt'P 
I lire ii use.l lor oiar flfly yrsrs by snlltvm* i< 
•there t-r tbetr chlMrea wh'le leecblw.wltb perfect 
. It SoOllM* the i-falld. suflm* the gams, UlkO 
ie Ixai remedy fca 

, — — — essry pert a '* 

tsusld. Tasuty-flvs cswts s lniUla.-(ddr.| 


w lien she became Miss, eke clang to Csstorio. 
WUtw she libl CkOdrsn, sbr gar. Hum Csscorta — 
_ (Ada.) 

U1IOWNW IIOt'SKItlll.ll FANACBA, 
■'TIIKUREAT PAIN 11KUKVEM." can* 
L'rsnipe, colic, coldr. sll pains, mo. • leillle.— (4 da.) 


t'NB llltOWSI'BCAMIIMlR ATKOSAlUNACBOt'B 
OKNTIFUICB lor tbc TEXTIL IlRUlTOl’8. Be. 
-iddw] 


l)H LYON'S mnCT 1XK>TB POWDER. 
iVkiluua tbs :eetb and puilisestba brwlb. Br— | A daj 

N-> Vsiffrt skeaiM be isllhont a ta-Clis al Aao>*Tras 
BUM re. Ilia Noalk Asterlras appolWrr.—[ddr.) 

Taa f*i*« Urssm »»in Tba delight of turn 

coullnculs; bual cure for bnduib*.— JAsaJ 


HARPER S PERIODICALS 


rv'fntr f 
II .1 NITK C MMAJCI V*. 
IIAHMII* WKKKLV. 
HAMPER'S II UAH .... 



Buoke-D.es nn( IVnlmseiee- anally re. 
direct b> llin pul-i mbcla ,l,i.i;.l u eutlrt. 

| an ml by I’m Hire Mcoey Utdre or Iirsfi 

HARPER & BROTHERS. NEW YORK 



THE HORSE-FROM RANCH TO MARKET. 

BY L. T. CHAPMAN. 


W HEN', in lire early dawn of American history, 
tlio Spaniards, umltr Cortex. mode a link 
pilgrimage litlo Mexico. and incidentally 
frightened a big native army half oul of its 
wit* ju>* by appearing on horseback. it ia 
said there was not. except uieac Spanish horses, one single 
specimen of the hnrsc in oil the country. No one of the na- 
tives. front peasant to king, bad wen or even heard of one; 
and mi it wit* when tbe Spanish general and Ilia little blind 
of horsemen charged down on tlreiu tlmt limy lied, thinking 
that aomo *imy god* lia<l come tt> earth Cortex and his soP 
tlier* went kick to Spain after a liulc. taking with them, so 
it is said. i|uiica number of specimen* of the gold and silver 
work of the country. They left their horses, for there was 
hardly room in llw-ir ships for both specimens and hones, and 
they preferred the specimens. So first camp the horse lo the 
Wes*. Where, in that day. there was no hone, not in (lie 
Mexiem Empire alone, but in tbc whole country, to-day there 
are huoiireil* und thousands of the Quest horses in the world ; 
ami in the United State* it Is estimated that there arc, of all 
kind*, more Ibnn a doxen inillino* of them. 

When huncs were lint intelligently bred in America can- 
not. of rotirw. tic known, hut nssumitig that no breeding of 
any nccciunt was done until the last century, tbe statement of 
lltu Spaniard Vallejo that between the years 1S30 ami ISM) 
in the fur western country more than twelve thousand horse* 
were killed to make room for better and more useful stock 
is certainly interesting. To confine ourselves strictly lo the 
breeding of tire horse in the West on the prairies, we have to 
do at first with the Spanish home. This was of the stock 
that Cortez brought over, and front all accounts was a lean, 
moderately uroug animal, usually kind, of weight about 
twelve or thirteen hundred pounds, and capable of "endur- 
ing long journeys "—In short, a very excellent animal for 
general use. This horse would hnvc sufficed well for the 
uaM of those who owned and bred him, except for tbe fart 
tlmt lu Hie course of time, without uy fotporuuloa of im- 
proved stock, the race degenerated, ulliinntely to become 
wbnl we now know m muuangs and Indian poniea. Tire 
first improvement of these horses was attempted In Califor- 
nia and Oregon, and in Oregon particularly. The attempt 
wns remarkably successful. owing lo the high clast of tire 
stallions imported. Tbk Improved stock, known as “ Oregon 
stock.” cnrriaponil* very closely to lire celebrated Morgan 
slock of New England. 

While tire breeding of Irenes wns going on vigorously in 
the Ea%i. no attempt of account was made to breed horse* on 
a large scale in tire West, utilizing the oniincs for the pur- 
pose, until about tbe year 1<W0. Hundreds. Indeed almnat 
thousands, of attempts lo breed cattle had been made, and 
were very often successful except in tbo Northwest Here, 
on the northern range*. everything would go on well until 
tbe anow came, nud tire cuitlu throve. But with the ftiow 
came invariably death and disease, so that wlren summer had 
come again and on account of stock was taken, tire round- 
up would find that the mortality wns to great that invari- 
nlily the year s biiMireta would show a heavy low. So. hav- 
ing" conclusively proved to themselves that tire Nortliwpst 
was no place in which lo breed cattle, these ranchmen w>kl 
them all and boogkt horac*. A good many wise souls there 
wen; at this lime who argued that horse - breeding on tbe 
pnurka was Jittt ns certain to prove a failure os the breeding 


of cattle. The spring following tire first severe winter 
proved not only that these croaker* were entirely wrong, but 
tbe wisdom of tire mnchmrn. for tire horses that they knight 
and bred were of a breed and kind well calculated by con- 
stitution to riulure hardship* to which others would certainly 
succumb, nud mow and cold were aa nothing to them. No 
breed of horses in America was in greater need of improve- 
ment than that used for draught purpose*; no clan* was more 
useful, no one more constantly needed. Tire time* were 
changed, and a light, twelve hundred pound horse could no 
longer draw tbo heavy loads tliat tbc hurry of the present 
generation needed drawn. So the breeders went over lo 
France and England, and finally found the breed they want- 
ed iu a little corner of Normandy. They bought liberally, 
these pioneers of tire horse ranches, and brought lawk with 
them the best tliat France could offer. So begun Hie breed- 
ing of draught-horse* in the hlixxard country. There was a 
great need la relieve, and there men set out to relieve it. 
Their country was one where the winters were frequently 
of the greatest severity, and where all lire winter through 
the anow fell thick and fast. It was* wild, almost unbrokcu 
country— the home of the Indian; mile* away from civiliza- 
tion. And here It was that lire experiment" was tried, and 
wbrre success has already been gained. 

The a bleat judges of druughtlionrea will tell you that tbe 
finest specimen* of this class nrc now to be found in the 
United States; and vet not more Uian twelve years ago it 
would have been difficult to find more than a few scattered 
specimens of the Perclreron or Clive or Clydesdale in the 
whole country. 80 much has been accomplished by Amer- 
ican energy. Of Ure three breeds — Pert heron, Clive, and 
Clydesdale^— tbe first-named sec-ms to have early proved tire 
favorite with the breeders of the Northwest, and with hut 
one or two exceptions it Is Ure only draught-horse breed to lie 
found there.* It would be difficult to say why in lire begin 
nine the Pertherofi was chosen, but at tbc present time no 
Northwestern horse breeder! would have any other to cross 
with his American mares. 

The Percbcmn district in France is tints very small place 
wheu compand with what may be culled tbc borne district 
of tire Northwest; but with Tory rich and fertile still, and 
With liberal aid from the government. It succeeded, during 
tire period of time between 1800 and 18V) in developing, by 
many and judicious crosses, what is perhaps the finest 
draught- horn- breed In the world. And this horse U said to 
improve under tire climatic conditions of the Northwest. 

Wlren, a few years ago, tire Americans began to make large 
purchases, tire French government look a band in the busi- 
ness. It sent Its agents to tire farm of every breeder to ex- 
amine the horses, to criticise, and to offer rewards for a cere 
tain standard. Besides all this, it encourages tire freqirent 
holding of the horse fairs, and had its agents there, too. to 
offer. In its name, liberal prizes. In many cases these fairs 
were held by tbc government itself; and so wise did all this 
supervision prove in still greater Improvement of the breed 
that it lias been continued to the present day. 

Tire greatest difficulty that tbe American breeder had to 
contend with in Ure beginning was the passage across the 


ocean, and tliat trouble still remains; hut wlren it is consid- 
ered that no*-, of all tire Importation" less tbnu one percent, 
is lost, it will lie seen Unit it is not very great. Tire greatest 
care, however, must he taken: each Irene must buve his or 
her attendant,* ami. ahovr all. no draught must come near. 
The Journey from the steam ship pier by rail to lire far West 
is, of course, in this day of borer palace car* of little mo- 
ment. A week after the animal is ut liis ranch borne he or 
she. ns tire case may be, is as frisky aa a kltteu. and na well 
und as much at home as possible. 

A horse ranch in the W cat may be of any size over two or 
three thousand acres as Its owner may wish. Of the more 
prominent, that of the Little Missouri Horne Company, with 
its fifteen thousand acres, k the hirunt, hut il* nnnual output 
in young Imrse* i* nearly if not quite equalled by one other. 
There are ou almost all of these ranches. Urge stable* or 
barns wilh box Malls and other equine comforts, but there 
are more often used in coses of sickness than at any other 
timr. All the Mock Is allowed lo range freely over the im- 
mense acreage of the ranches both winter 'and summer. 
The weather la often very revere and the snow deep, but 
tbc horses invariably do well, pn w awnv the snow If It be- 
comes necessary, and are always fat and benrty in (lie spring. 
At the most convenient place on this huge farm is located 
the borne or. as It U culled, the bead quarter ranch. This is 
fenced off ami divided into pasture, garden, paddocks, and 
corral*. In the case of the Little Missouri Hnrec Company, 
Urerc is also a tweaking ranch, to called, eight miles to the 
north on tbo Little Missouri Hirer; and here, where the 
youngsters are taught that life Is real and earnest, are long 
feeding sheds, anil more corrals and enclosure*, and nnollrer 
huge stable. On llie home ranch the moat primitive and in- 
significant of all Hie buildings is a bouse, usually one story 
high, and often built of logs. Tills is where the ranchmen 
sleep and eat The owner of tire whole affair may be a 
millionaire lu some far off Eastern city, dwelling in a palace; 
hut as sure as lie comes lo visit hU ranch, so ante Is it that 
be will reek slum her at night in this same primitive log 
bouse, wrapped in a blanket, with his cowboys and berdeis 
about him. Before v* riling of the horse proper in his diuly 
life on one of these bug* Western ranches, a w ord should be 
said of the working force. This usually consists of a dozen 
or more men, If Hie owner U not In charge of hi* business- 
biinself, he employs a competent horseman to act ns mana- 
ger. This man directs all the local affair* of Hie ranch as 
far as direction is needed or necessary, has rliargc of all 
things, and is, in brief. Hie responsible head. Then there is 
that most important individual, tbc cook, and tbc rest of Hie 
company aru the cowboy herder* upon whom the hard 
work of the breeding business really devolve*. The” work- 
ing " day at the ranch U from sunrise until sunset. 

Of tbe draught horses bred on tire ranches of tbe Dakotas 
Bud lire other northern ranges there are three distinct classes; 
First, tire full-blooded registered Perclreron stock, bred from 
the higbt-M class of imported sires and dam*: second, f a doss 
of heavy draught-borne* weighing from eighteen hundred to 
twenty two und even twenty five hundred pounds, bred from 
full-blooded Pcrclreron sites and high grade Norman or 


• Finn eh«»n teesnM a 1 1 hair 
to Ihu Cljdmkle anil niter itrge 
greatly iliMr »iip*rlnr la »|„,<!. 
r Fuc (tic market ter besrj bar 


■Imirlb ted •rllt'.iy, being tally Miaul 
: tends la tbe funner csfwtUUlj, wbUe 


• One attends*! to r* 


Is tew world he nearer tte n 


t Clyilndxlca 'Mti-rttek Pm: tennis, amt a Cljilaariil* ovrr Iimit - nae 
hnnrin-'l noaudr Is a rurtly. Slioatt »iy Ilia* tte wrlubl at Clns* t Is *!• 
segmud. K%t,Uxa hundred tu two Uiuuwud nuulij bsbwvr tte mu*. 



IMPORTED PERCnERON.— Diuws by W. A. Roobm after Photograph by ImiKnaoi.i., Sr. PaL’i.. 


■ i 



354 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


Peroborou nur<*; third. n lighter cUm of bor*«, bail from 
full-blooded Fertile nm aired sod Oregon man:*. wheat- weight 
la » bout eleven hundred pound*. Of the first class. the full 
Wooded atock of Ferelreruos, the sire* aud dams have been, 
a* tma bean shown, Imported direct front the 1‘rTrbcron dis- 
trict of France. The stallions cost from llfteeu hundred to 
three thousand dollars, Hie ranre* somewhat Ec«. This is tlie 
original cost, nod doe* out include the cost of traesporUiMoll 
from Prune* to America, which is a very coosidcratitc item. 
The second class ure to nil intent* and purposes full bloods, 
and no cunnotweur could by any chance tell them from the 
full-blood*. They sometimes neigh even more lilac the full' 
bloods, have the same kind disposition, and, if possible, even 
more strength. Tire breeders uf these classes of horses will 
often Insist that experience h.v proved 1o them thut the 
grade horse, the produce of half blood man's and full Mood 
itnlllous. is very frequently from Ills alee— which in till* in- 
stance seems to give him greater pulling strcuuth — ns well 
as from hi* tliaposhhni of more practical everyday ure than 
Hie full-blood. This is, however, u theory like the one which 
Is held bv nut a few that with Jerrey cow* the grade Jcrrey 
is n better evrry-ilny cow than the full blood. One thing, how- 
ever, is certain, and that is that the horse Licit adapted to the 
general draught service is the horse thnt U the result of two 
crosses, mid sometimes even three. of Hie full blood with the 
grade, I mean by general draught service, all service w here a 
hone weighing over two tbouaand pound* i* entire!) uimcoes- 
Bar)', Thun U It llial the Northwestern borac-brecdcre puy 
■nine attention really lathe production of (bis elms tlmti to the 
others, for here is where the big prolii nf die business is to 
come from. If, as is said to be tbe ease, each of this wrond 
Aw* of horse* represent* a value at tbe selling age from 
ciub outlay alone of a hundred dollars, then certainly, with 
the Strong demands in the market* of Hie East, and with 
prices ranging at thorn.' marked from three hundred 10 slk 
hundred dollars, there Is inducement enough to tbe breeders 
to Weed Ibis closa alone. The Ibtrd class product* either a 
light draught-horse or an excellent coach-horse or saddle- 
horse what might perhaps be termed, strictly speaking, the 
family bom. good for either riding or driving or for light 
work. Tlicae half-blonds arc bred, however, foroue riurpise 
really, and that Is for light draught work. Tims of tho three 
classes the one that is mint in demand is the second chus, 
and tbnt least io dcuiaod, the firat daw. 

Although in ally haring anything whatever to do with 
dmughi-borsto. there Is one other doss of hum* bred on the 
ranch furms of the prairie*— the so-called polo pony. On 
the farm lu South Dakota thut I aui most familiar with are 
a large number of these sturdy henst*. in this rase bml 
from uu especially well-selectL'd lot or " hlocky " Indian |iony 
mures that were taken when Sitting-Hull surrendered tome 
years ago iu the Canadian Northwest. Theuc mart's, almost 
perfect lu their way. cumc (rout the fanums warrior's bund 
of war ponies. These mart* at this particular farm are 
crossed wlUi a llto rough- bred racing stallion, and produce n 
pony horse that in mint caws unites all the euduruuce and 
sturdy qualities of tire Indian pony with tlic speed nf the 
thorough bred. This clous, too. furnishes the Common cow 
ponies that the binders uw when too grunt *iw makes them 
unlit for polo am) uses of similar kind. There are several 
buisII niuchru lu the West where only these polo ponies arc 
bred, and that there Is a very considerabk' prod! ill raising 
this claw of stuck for market can readily be m u from the 
fact tliat it is said that tlie ranches ilevuied exclusively to 
them are almost lu variably financially successful. The 
breed is considered very easy to raise, and Hie Indian pony 
mares are excellent and safe breeders Tlie progeny arc 
noted particularly for their strength uf limb, for their die 
clliiy, and fur their lutoutabiug quicknts** wlwn traintd- 
Tliesti little fellow* often luring price* very much higher 
than »iiuio of the big volt* that have grown up almott by 
their aide in the same nursery. 

The Uitce classes of draught bow* and the polo pony clout 
cotislilutc tho fondly nf tbe horse ranehmau. lie rarely lias 
cither time ur Inclination for any other stuck. and beyond a 
half dozen Cows and a few farm animals ai«l tlie necessary 
poultry, there U nouLber. All the lime of the men employed 
at Ibe ranch Is taken up with the care of tlie horses. If there 
is any lime of the year when their » oik I* raster titan at any 
other. It is iu mkl» Inter, but there never Is an easy lime. 

Hc-fore writing uf lire mctliixls and ways of the breeding 
ninth something should be said of Hie cowboy* who, uciiug 
aa herders, as truioi'n. iu fact, literally *6 school matter*, 
imike the business a success. Where Ure cowboy comes fiom 
is a mystery, lie is often of Mexican origin, mid more Hiatt 
half Indian. He Id a democrat aItviiyh; lie lives under the 
ling of u republic, and knows it. He recognize* no MiCJui 
BUperior in any mail ; hut, ou the other hand, in tbnac be 
considers hi* inferion. as the Indian or negru. uu aristocrat 
of aristocrats could be haughtier. Ho is brave In fool-hardi- 
ucs*. anil will take chuncr* of his life that it would seem 
none but a crazy man would. He take* no manner of enra 
nf his health. When a long way from the camp or much, 
he sleeps where lligbl Ullds iiitii CD the open prXirle, with 
only the stars for light lie bathes when be bus time, and 
cats and drinks anything h« can get. ami all he can get. He 
enn be depended upon to do his work well, be it at cutup ur 
when driving in a big bunch of Ituraes from the ranges (o the 
taneb. He U strong «» sn ox, has nn unbounded love for 
gay trapping*, and is gMierallv gay aud free from care, 
lilt* chief ebnr acted*' ic Is a profound contempt for the deni - 
xen of the Mist, whom he calls a tenderfoot The cow- 
boy might nut chin* on Flflli Avenue, but he is found ju»t 
tbe proper person for the nine b, aud he is withal a very 
picturesque, very useful, aud my natural nun, Tlsc wages 
paid him are small, nud ore usually expended as Ibo ttr»t 
oiqiurtuiiity presents lUelf. Ho Uubka not of the morrow, 
lie is a creature uf to-doy. He i* the aanic cowboy thut 
Mark Twain knew, and be is no different when driving the 
Wore* in Kansas ur the bunch of horse* ou the prairie* of 
Dakota mid tbe Northwest. 

Ho who would undertake the breeding of borac* on the 
large prairie mucin.-*. hi accomplish any tiling and make of 
tire venture n tinaiu ial sucre**. must have two special quail 
lli'iitiuns— patience and u lung purse. Uf COittre tin-re is nml 
for other qualities too— for energy and for pluck, and fur a 
good deal uf Bbrewdticss a* well — but wired everything is 
outlay for the first four or live year* nf the ranch's existence; 
when, during all IIhvm.- yean*, not one penny of income can 
l«c expci'lciC tlie re is strong mad for money, and there is 
strung Du.il fur patience. To begin at tbe beginning, let it* 
take the purchase of the land or it* lease. Tiieu come* 
the building uf barua aud sheds aud fetuxo, tbe divisjim 
of the Imihic sere into live nccrwnrT j suture lots and pad 
ducks, and when all b ready, and the smoke i* curling up 
Ibe Chimney of tho log liuure. the horses tlinl are In be the 
mothers of the family iu lire ihiid and pony <1*.-* arc pur 
dxtard and shipped, and the moat perfect tWcheruns Unit 
lire little. great rercberon ditirici uf Nurniaudy cau furnish 


ore liought and hoisted in great box-stall* front tbe land to 
tbe deck of some swift ship, and they too are wilt out to tbe 
prairie*, hu«h full-blood and grade, to do their share to make 
(he American draught horse tbe finest io tbe world As foal 
n* tlie born* have arrived ni tire ranch they are hraoded with 
llieir owner'* private mark, separated into groups of about 
fifty, each coiiipoacd entirely of mitres, ana each with one 
slaliiun, and turned looac on Hie prairie to roam a* it pkauea 
them, free from halter aud guiding reiu, often many mile* 
away from man. When the drove— with cacb it is the 
same— gem off «onw distance from the home much there is 
always a bait und a rubhiog of mates . and now it i* that the 
stnllion, with otuclt prelltnionry uobe and fua*. goes to tlie 
front and take* command. lit* is a leadership lint by elec 
(inn, but by right of birth atwl uf rex. and tlinl leadership is 
never questioned save when liy some rare chance two drove* 
or bunciww of bum* eutn* together. when there l« a battle 
nival between the two lewder* for supremacy. To lire victor 
belong* tlie epulis. and lire Conqueror lake* all the mares, 
while the defeated tramp* mournfully in the rear, bead 
down, lorn, bleeding, ADd entirely wretched. 

Just a word, in paining, about these encounters, by which 
occasionally, fortunately very rarely, vuluuble stallloriB are 
hsil <ir permanently disabled, The herein, roaming over so 
large a space, rarely eucuuuler one another. When they du, 
Uir mare* evince only the Birmllosl possible Amount of ruri- 
OBity, hut join and graze. Different is it with die stallions. 
With but a moment's preparation, llrey rush wildly at one 
auotlicr like mad ImlD, neighing in whal seetn* the mockery 
of a neigh, ami with head tu air and toil curving proudly, 
they rush and plunge and rear, kicking and Idling, stamping 
one on tire oilier until tlie ground and horses are covered 
with blood, mid exhaustion of one forces a surrender and 
retreat As I Lave said, the tickle mares march off with the 
conqueror at their head, while tbe defeated lug* wearily be- 
hind. One of tho most terrible buttles that probably ever 
look place between ranch stnllino* (recurred near the home 
ranch of the Little Missouri Horne Farm In the spring of 
I8H8, at tbe time wlwn the several bunch?* or droves of 
horses were Ix-iog driven lu from the range* for au account 
of stock and for the branding of the young coll*. It hap- 
pened bjr tbe merest chance that three droves came In to- 
gether with tbe stallion* leading Naturally ibo three joined, 
and nt once arute the question of leadership This could 
only lie settled by a battle, and before the Irerdcr* could be- 
gin to form any plan for separating them, the three kuIIUidb 
were eugagtd id fiercest battle. As described by (hose who 
baw It, this battle w hs so savage and no Iduody that it neemed 
crutain that at leant oou of the cotnhntauU nuiu Ire kllh-d. 
it lusted a little inure Ilian twenty minute*, und when the 
■•smoke of lint He" drifted away and the fight was done, a 
big gray Pereherou called Napoleon wna seen lu lie the vic- 
tor nud he it was that, with uplifted Iread nod proudly curved 
lall. led the company of mure* and coll* to Ibe pasture*, 
while the two defeated outre marched together like whipped 
cum, dejectedly lu tbe rear. Iii this instance, although tbe 
fight was an unusually desperate one. aud all three horse* 
were badly cut aud torn, noue of the throe suffered more 
than temporary dtscomfurt. 

When tbe htmclie* of hone* am made and turtveil loose 
to roam on the prairie?, great care raustyrerfuice be exercised 
to prevent any uccidentul mixture The full-blood nans, 
with tbeit selected leader, must But by auy chance mix with 
their less aristocratic sister* for wlicrr so much detrends on 
certain “lltiM of breeding *' there must Ire no inUalllauce, or 
the slightest elnuioc of one. ICiuih of tlie breeder* breed* on 
ceruin lines, bo culled, ami the old qut-siiuua of In hrwlitig 
or mil-crosisiiig Imlher and perplex him just a* much os they 
do Utc cattle him With (be lirecdera of the Northwest, awl 
particularly with Uitiae of the Dakota*, a famous Feirlicroa 
Mai I ion, lire winner of luiiiiincralile prizes and prctalums 
both in France und in lire I'niusi Sintra, named Itrilliant 
(IMiMMd by a Mr. Dunham, of Ouklind. California, 1* 
riilhiL aud universally considered lire best living specimen, 
Nearly every stalllun aud many mares on tbe Dakuta breed 
ing farms truce in peiligrec either directly or remotely to 
bitn. Wisttl tlw breeding wswu k* over, and the inure* ure 
oftfcly in foul, the father* of the flock are relieved of their 
charge?, nod driven by the herder* buck la lire home ranch. 
Tin* usually u done about the 1st of January. These stall- 
iuoB ate kept lu bux stalls until the winter is over aud spring 
in come, and tire bundle* of more* given in charge of a few 
lets valuable slaliiun* in order that Ibe herds may during 
tbe cold weather he kept well together, and that it may not 
be difficult lu round them up in tbe spring. 

A* won a* (lie house ranch feels the flrat breath of sum- 
mer, and the new grass is seen to bn sprouting, the manager 
give* the otder fur what It called, lu the parlance of tire 
prairies. Hie grand round up This is a lime of great ex- 
citement at tho ranch, and uow 1 b when the herder* have 
tbeir hardest work, lvacli in an, n* Ire leave* the ranch, goes 
prepared to bo go do, If uece-aury. a number uf week*, and 
very often is. Tire round-up is always accompanied by 
a iiieM wuguti containing uti ample supply uf provtslutiB, ana 
cacb'mnu win* can returns from his search during lire day to 
the mere wagon for his share of (lie "grub 'at nightfall. It 
is mil by any menns always that the Irerder sneered* in get- 
ting buck to lire wuguu. Night frequently overtake* him 
inimy miles away, aud thru Ire cither make* hr* solitary 
liteal uf Latd biscuit and jerked beef, or guea to sleep sup- 
prrlr**, with Hie ornino lor Jiia lied, Tho round-up fre- 
quently finds bunches of horan as much as fifty tnilea from 
camp Tbcw wandcrcra arc always tire Indian mares, with 
their lender aud embryo jMilo-pony progeny. Tbe drauglil- 
horsu* very rarely go far away, aocmiDgl)’ preferring com- 
punitive nearness lu lire home ranch. The round up iu u 
samamding of the numeroiia btlDclira of horses, and a grad 
tial diminishing of the broken circle until the home ranch 
is reached, when tho entire- lrerd Is run through short nnd 
uumiw chutes into Ure seveml corrals and pasture*. At this 
lime a very careful "account of Btcch " 1 b taken, and while 
this is being done lire entire herd is kept iu the pictures. 
Now k» where tbe cicitemcnt |»»rt of the breeding burinew 
comes in for both stallions and mares. Tire stallions call Ui 
their families, aud the mother* tc> tbeir colls, and there is a 
hurrying and skarrying ant) much plunging about and kick 
ing uf heels In air and neighing. Tbe picture for (lie artist 
i* when lire entire herd is let out of tbe postures, and goes 
out on Hie range to feed during the day. under Ibo earn of 
the herder*, At this time the betdm must exercise the 
graalMi care lest Injury should oouie io any animal. 

The trading season is the time when all Ure patience and 
ability of the much-man ur his agent UQimt be displayed . 
The greatest can? must he exercised in order that juit the 
exact right qualities of "bene and Mock"* may be muted. 
" Hotre and block " 1 b tho great desideratum of Ure brooder 

• ltnne and titnok •txnlfv in* tiigiiml rTnnwItre «f ihe dranglit-linrvn 
Tit 'snwK-r sail H»it« (hn bumvuj lb* lev*, ais-t lOr Bon culii|MWilJ- 
bnill tbv UraiiflibbutM is, tb« morv •slasbls ft* ksimnis 


of draught borae*. and beyond » coruin point, and to s cer- 
tain point. Hie more "bone and block," the higher pri« w; v 
tbe draught borae fetch In (lie Eastern market- Built Mall, 
loos and marcs have been selected more for those qualiiira 
than fur any other. Other HilDg*. as with tbo breeding <jf 
all horse*. onr*4 t*c considered nian, such as color and bt-g!u 
and temper— a tliouaed sod ono ibtuin— aud one tnar. ru.-i 
settle all thin When this question of union is settled. th» 
hroedieg begins, ami tills 1 b differeutly urrauged for lire Mil 
bloods, and the Italf-blooda. grade*, and polo ponies The 
full-blonds, for whom a register must Ire ke}>4. are bred *n 
lively "on the halter," u* horses wrath) be bred in the E»at. 
lieing confined U> Hte picstum, a* a whole, fur a period v f 
from ninety to ot»o hundred days. Wlw n the breeding ret 
son is over, this lien), if it be oil one of Ibe large ninelre*. jt 
divided into hiiirebes of from fony to fifty mart,-*, each l-im-h 
with a stallion, anil then once more turned lucae ou tbe 
ruuge. Ab I Lave hllbeno said, tire grentest care K tnki-u in 
the l,r nit ing of these fulMilootLi, ami this is the reiiMua why. 
probably, that American ranch Weed t-ra have betii so uni 
vrrsally succeMful; although these In ciilc-rs would all very 
likely aijrre thut the imnieiiBe rattfies ns well as tire Wire aiT 
of lire Northwestern prairie land had done its part. With til) 
lire horse* not full-blood*, the method of breeding 1* ta- 
lirely different At tire <-ml of tlse rnuntl-up, after an ac- 
count of stuck ha? Lp«-u taken, the vouug Block and tbe 
geldings arc turned !-'•<*• -m Ure range logiTtbcr. Tlwtn tire 
grade mares are divided Into bunches of forty or fifty, otnl 
each bunt'll with its stall n>u guru oat on range, as happy t,-. 
get away from tbeir brief cunfineBleut in lire (mature* niul 
paddock* as i-L-bixil-boy* wtres they are let out of school for 
vacation Jiim a ward for Ure »tallion. No one wbu has 
n-.': him In hi.- iralimd lints crat fi.rtn any idea of tlie 

priii r be display,, when, free front all Hie conventionalities 
of city hf". ;i;nj h'ltdly t"o 'eii i/.ing t>*c i-upuriority of man. 
aotramoiol-i-ii by bit or bridle, he stalks with stately stride, 
as haughty n Bioivarelt as any poUnlah. of the Em in ure 
▼sir. i f li.. f orally, tlreirr.atiir.il protector and lewder. No 
*t;i I! iuii who ha* charge of a bumrh of mures ts ever any- 
where but befi'r>- (hem, «nle«s sent to tbe near by tbe for- 
tune* of war. Nor wot, he ever known iu forsake Ala family 
when danger threatened, although, believing discretion the 
belter jmrt of valor, be very frequently k-*db them in flight 

When tbe bunches of horses nrr first turned loose the unll- 
ioo, however, is not tbeir only protector. A herder ulwnjs 
coe« with each bunch to locate it in a quiet spot where there 
u plcntv of gram and water, nud each night the Biallluu is 
returneO to set-fdoni and l«d into his lnx stall, until he hi* 
rxiltivatrd the affections uf bis family to a sufficient degree 
to b« Intrusted with their care. When the herder t» aid* 
find that Ure master i« in control, he gues buck to (he ranch, 
aud haves the herd or hnnc-h to it* own device*. Then it is 
that the MaUUra take* entile charge, definitely assuming the 
leadership. Front tliat time on it is distinctly impress'd on 
each marc Hint Ire is chief, aud none in that bunch ever dla 
pules his authority. He ever watr -lies his herd os sharply is 
dues Inspector Ityrne* the criminal ; he leads it to water, and 
finds tbe feedibg niouiuU wlrero the grow i* h«*t: Itc wis 
that there are on laggard* or deaerters wired Urey leave the 
watering place*, and, iu brief, assume* thr most compete 
control. Could any scene be liner? Cuuh) any 1* found 
more worthy lire |Hirell of a Bnnbcur than (his that tie 
ranch mao *o often see*— a slallitMi standing at tbe very 
summit of oue of lire cortical butte*,* with Ittad higli In ait 
and nostril* diitcixleit. with mane and tail blown by lire 
wind, tbe mu tiara b of the accrK 1 , and awnrei of It, while 
grouped atxwi pictumquely on tbe slopes of Ure butlc ural 
lu fisjt are his family, marcs nnd colt*, the mare# graz.ut 
eagerly, nod Hie eult* frisking about, taken up with tbets 
sc Ires’ 

It is deemed of importance to tbe surccatful breeding of 
horw* ou the prairie* ibat tire brain- ranch l* kept cutitiou- 
ally informed a* in the general well luring of the horses nut 
on lire range, ami »u each day lire herders go out from ratsp 
and " ride the range,” reporting in detail, on Ureir return, .ill 
they have found out — such and such a herd ur liutich has 
been seen, ami tlrere are so many fuoJt; this runic was Irek- 
iur badly, or that one ttu mlssiug; ulid so uu. AU tills, 
while seemingly of little moment, keeps tbe home ranch r 
touch with the detail* of tire buulni-s*. 

From the time for the first round-up in the spring, the 
culm: herd ranges freely over lire prairie until Septenilai. 
Then I* Utc time of tbo second round up. nnd this time tire 
lrerd in rounded up in detail, and tbe colt* brauded. This 
branding process I* very interratitig, particularly to the •«* 
derfoot who secs it fur the find time. The virlim U, lu 
dint of nrdttuus effort and many expletives on the psn of 
tbe cowboys, after many attempt* und failure*, gotten ink 1 
a pen by blmrelf. a rope or )u*ki is then thrown around In* 
forelegs, anil with a cow buy lunging on lu his neck, Ire It 
at length brought to the ground. Now If he l* a grade 
bowc. nnd not a full blond, he t* branded with a ml bet 
branding iron ou the left shoulder with the private mark oi 
the ranch. If his Mood is pure, Ibe braral i* placed ju»t 
far enuugh under bis enano to he out of sight, am) he hu 
also to submit to Ure furtber mutilnuon of having his regis- 
ter number imprinted on lus skin Just under the ■ulierbraifi 
After the colt is branded, be is returned, a much frightened 
auinul, to hi* anxious mamma, and hi? place 1 b taken liy 
victim number two, nnd so on. As fast os each of tire coin 
lx branded, iu the cave of lire full Mod*, a TeCiird in tnkra. 
in n hjok kept for that purpose, of the register number. «u 
that no mistake cad thereafter wet occur. While appshmly 
a Ten' cruel and unnecessary process, it is in reality nut. 
The iron is liculed bo but Hint the actual palu is irelHitr 
great dot lasting, and on the prairies, where tbe animals ■ f 
oilier breeders might get mixed in with a herd, the brand i» 
tbo ooo aod only mark of nwoorahip It would, in fnrt. Isj 
imjremible to luru herd* uf hutaes loose OB the prairie* witk 
out some such mark. 

Nonretime* during lire long winter evenings the oowlioy 
herders will tell marvellous stories about funny or in «w 
cases tragic incidents that have hapjieued because uf thl» ci> 
torn uf braodlog. One of tbe favorite stock stories with which 
every tenderfoot who ever visit* the ranch i* regaled is lt, u 
one about tbe Englishman who made up hi* mind logo into 
the btuinesa of lirecdiiig horses somewhere in the West— te- 
matter where — arid who fell In with a man at the lioril •>( 
wliicb ha was stopping in New York who hod been la l!i' 
husluesa all his life, and know all about it After srvrnl 
talks, tbe Englishman decided lu follow the advice uf !** 
quondam friend, ami finally completed tire purchase of » 
ranch In-longing to a bankrupt cntllr-mnu at sonre place i- 
North Dakota. Tbl* part of lire humx-w cotaplclad. 1 1rere r<- 
mainctl Hie selection and purebusiug uf the broodmare* auo 
BtalliutiB. Ky till* lime the horseman h»d M-conre so neon 
sary to tlie Englishman that he Iwggcd bim lo go West and 

* Duo-* I" lire Went ora dctsrXeB hill* or rVt/*w wbkh rice ahrois.;. 
IHIaruiisibU la iistfLl Ih t«tn lilUs sod uuauCUiu 



HOUSE— FROM RANCH TO MARKET.— Draw* by W A. Ro«IM, a nr* Pn<mxjjure» bt Lvokmoll, 9t. Paul. 


MAY 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


355 



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HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


356 


buy the lioraes (or him . ami this (be caulc-mnn. with some 
show of diffidence, finally agreed to dn, lie aim promised 
to try ti> lliliik of something (lint rv.mld do for u -uituhlc 
brand for tin; new horse. farmer. Hath errands were accom- 
plished witb celerity. so that w licit, a few weeks later. Mr. 
Johu Hull joined bi» friend n( (hiriign, lie found himself the 
owner of a hundred One crude Pendteron mares and a pair 
of full blood sUllious, and* trade maik of liix own to brand 
into ill.?- quivering left shoulder— a six pointed star. The 
burse* wens al lipped to the ranch, and limber the English- 
m.in mid the American followed them, mid Mr. Bull bniuded 
bU purchases with his own band. Iiwiking with great com- 
placency on those stars. After a week bad Mated the 
horses were all turned loiw on the prairie, ami then the 
Atnerh-ui went lock to I'liicaeo, the Knglidi inun remaining 
to spend the summer on Ids recently nc«| hired property, with 
Ilia half dozen cowlwys. for Dm- sake of the hunting ami fish- 
ing. and to get u taste of Western life and way*. The sum- 
mer passed without anything of moment happening, and 
September and the time for the gram) round-up came. The 
herders went forth *<• herd, and cm hi find nothing to herd, 
although searching diligently ; mid Way never did The one 
hundred and two Dorses never cume hack, and the English- 
man Mild his ranch, and went Isvek to England with a pro- 
found knowledge uf the way* of his American cousin. The 
secret of this w hole thing was in the beautiful star. A friend 
of thnt wicked American bail a small ruii< It nut more Ilian a 
hundred miles from the English mail*, and he. too. used the 
star brand: ansi if bis herders went out to herd a week or 
two before the Englishman * dkl. there is nothing surprising 
lit that, and it was certainly their business to round-up ail 
star- brand horses to their farm, But. just the sarno, the 
American * os some thousands of dollars richer at the eud 


of that year than in the beginning, and his small ranch 
friend is reported to luvc had quite a priMfieroua Yetr too. 

Thu* b the life of tlie much from day to day. The linrse* 
lead the same life to a great extent that they would were they 
entirely free from the slavery to which man ha* consigned 
them. From the da)' of his uirlh the horse gets nothing to 
cat hut the food that nature ha* provided for him. At trout 
limes of tile year, in fact throughout the entire year, he can 
cat where he likes, when he likes, and as much as he tike*, 
lli* free life certainly makes him courageous, mid it Is claim- 
ed by Ids breeders, kind as well. It l* said of these horse* 
that they never forget w hat is taught them; that they do their 
work willingly and well. Tlmi b certainly sufficient praise. 

There is but one thing more. as. fur ns the ranch is Con- 
cerned, to speak of, and that is the selection of the homes 
that have reached a proper age for shipment to the East. 
Formerly all the ranch-men followed the tame course with 
these horse*. They were separated from the rest of the 
herd, driven to the breaking much, stud there trained. One 
of the large ranch owners has however, latply adopted a new 
plan. He has erected a huge stable nl bis Pennsylvania 
Lome, ami brwidts making of that his ssle stable, lias bis 
colt# broke a to harness there. Even In his Case, however, 
the colts gel their Hist idea of the brnuiics of education at 
the breaking ranch, being always halter broken there, and 
taught "to lead." To put a lusher on a horse would aeetn 
to lie a very easy matter It often takes a good many days 
to persuade even the m>i?t docile of there colts to submit to 
wbat he evidently consider* an indignity, and a* no whip Is 
ever, tinder any circumstances, tiwd. the halter breaking re 
quires an unlimited amount of patience, to say nothing of 
irerec vcTaocc Horses under four years of age lire very rare- 
ly sold, as the breeders prefer to let the " block and bone " 


develop uniter the best possible conditions, and gain in price 
by waiting a year When once the halter part of tire colt s 
education i* completed, be >« broken to liameM, and inuglit 
that his mission in life is to draw. The harness Hurt k mod 
for this purpose la of very simple construction, and frequently 
is made of ropes ingeniously pm together by one of the 
cowboys. It l# alwuys very strong. 

The be caking wagon js the same nort as Is used in the East 
This is very heavy, and it is well nigh impossible for the horse 
to upset It." The shaft# are DCnrly twice as long an the ordi 
miry ones used in driving, nod the horse is fastened to them 
at a considerable distance from the driver. The ranch bones 
are always harness-broken by the steadiest and most trust 
worthy of the ranch nwu. and Hue part of Hie bsisineM is ai 
most always conducted under the eye of tire ranrli manager 
or of the uwner. The Perdition U, comparatively speaking, 
an rosy horse to break, as his temper U equable. iu» " hut** 
sense " a] moat always Well developed, and bi* disposition 
kind. Having had hi* own way for (our ycara.be natural ly 
prefers to Continue in lira sniue easy plen*anl way, but is 
readily persuaded that man's way must !»• Ids. 

It i- a lung journey fur the hones to lake from the prairies 
of the Weal to the pavements of the East, hut they make U 
almost always without mishap. and reach the burs* market 
a* sound anil well as hors*-* could he. 

Little more ran be said of ibis prairie breeding of drnnght- 
boraw in llw limited space of a paper. It can I*? safely as- 
serted. however, that the breeder# who Imre tried the experi- 
ment believe in it thoroughly, mid, with their Ka-u-m breth- 
ren. are making the American drauglit-horvc the finest of his 
kind In tiie world. Of the IVrcherom-, the great French 
breeder# uf this slock freely admit that the Americans are 
improving the bleed, and that is surely praise enough. 


Campana was an artist, and be enjoyed the artistic tem- 
perament to a degree. He was a Californian; but a half- 
dozen years in New York aud Paris bud mflkud to put the 
damp "of tbe studio upon him, ami had given him n mi der- 
ate ilcgree of capability Id Ids ebueeti work of portraiture. 

lie uad returns d from iihrond with suue large eanvoses. 
nn etching or two by Whistler. and some photographs with 
tbe niiflMS of MciUMmicr and Haugnereau in the corner*, lie 
bail also a Donatello biM. a runty front St. Michael. atul n 
violin. Willi llicso essentials lie established a studio, and 
tins prepared to delineate the Anti llean visage at a moderate 
living price per ciinvas, He did >mne l caching loo to help 
fin hi* BSo aw a in ibnae tine.- i_of somewbat frequent oemr- 
reuce. It is Intel when no American sought to be delineated. 

He wa* a handsome fellow, with frtiuk blue eye* and yel- 
low Imir, which, in spite of ids Italian name, were the dowry 
of I .is Knon mother, lu Puri# lie hod Worn a pointed btwtil 
closely trimmed, but mi hi* return home lac had bowed to 
the American iuclinutioii toward a face than shaven. When 
he smiled U wa* noticed that his eyes, lijw, and teeth con- 
tributed to a merry uud pleasing effect: but bt* usual man 
tier was serious. " He seemed, indeed, a trifle blase, und 
standing, toe* oulwntd.’ulib hand* iu tit* pocket*, lie would 
dwell on serious views of existent <- iu n way Hint showed 
him to Ik* a student of Bpeucvr. Ho bod also rend a good 
deal of SehflfMdlMiMir. 

He was most serious toward his pupils. One of these was 
a little teacher wfi» studied drawing with (.'anqiarui fur the 
sake of her school work, nud also for the love of the art. 
She was still v.rv young: but after her gradual inn she hud 
journeyed abroad with a wealthy maiden aunt, und site hud 
studied drawing fur a year iu a Paris atelier. Her autil bud 
nut exactly approved of tier art: mi when their brief Season 
of slglit-oeuiiig wo* over, sire left her niece with much ad- 
vice. money enough to simply curry her through one year 
of art study, and her blessing. 

The young teacher stood somewhat In awe of Cauipaua— 
hi* experience of Puri*, his touches of genius, his grand 
manner: even hi* way of thrusting hi* Angers through Ids 
tumbled yellow hair seemed to her to have a touch of the 
artistic about if. 

Bui sbu was content to worship whatever was artistic 
about him from afar. She knew that bo did not believe 
much in women or their art, so she was silent and tieraavcr- 
ing in liis prescare. Not ibuC slit* was not usuiiliy silent Mild 
usually I K- never! tig, but she fell that these qualities were 
most poleut os a silent refutation of the notion that women 
could not pursue art for it* own sake, aud as men dhl, with- 
out the thought of any iulcmi|Xn,ii* of sentiment. 

Her alienee and pttrseverar.ee were not unappreciated. 
Cuutpaon In-Id her up ns a model to the lighUmiudeu, ami 
gloried over wli»t lie called bur grit to the wtUitnti who fre- 
quented lit* studio. 

He told her, with hi* customary frankness. thnt she was a 
fool over to have left Paris, ami she delighted iu hhu for 
saying ro. IK- alwuys called her ntademowtrllc, ass tribute, 
per lisp*, to her French. She spoke the language delight fully. 

At times wlien she was very intent upon Iter work he al- 
lowed Inniself to admire ber as a color study. 

She wore glasses on her small rnwe. and her face was quite 
rosy-lloted. especially wlien she w as interested, as *Jie al- 
ways was. over Ikt pointing. Tim gl ams gave ber the air 
of distinction which they impart to faces that they do not 
serin to nuke older. 

But Cumpana never allowed himself to express or even 
indirectly reveal to ber that lie found her complexion pret- 
ty or her figure pleasing He knew for one thing that he 
wui quite rttptble of disturbing the frmllilue heart, aud he 
win unwilling to allow himself any such entanglement. 
From an ortkudox point of view Ik- hated women, and lie had 
nut scrupled to say mi even in the hearing of mademoiselle. 

One day when mademoiselle wa* at work, and Cam putt* 
wa* doing a bend from <A<te,a lap at the door announced two 
visitora 

Oue was a pupil of Cumpana'* a Miw Brown, and the 
other wo* her friend, a little singer whom mademoiselle re- 
membered to buve heard la a city choir. 

t'ampniia showed them about tbe studio with his grandest 
manner lie was aerkm*. ceremonious. He raid finally to 
•lie- singer. “ 1 think that i* all I have to show you. Mira— 
alt— Mis* Larkin," wlien Mbs Brown suggested some draw- 
ing* that lie had once brought uuL 

•• Ob. throe things!" lie said “ Merely some of my work 
iu the atelier/' But lie went to get them. 


IN THE STUDIO. 

BY MARIE FRANCES UPTON. 


Campatta sometimes bad pupil* iu modelling, and lie kept 
a jaiil of water in the comer of tlie room to mop up the Irani- 
wuod floor where the day bad been scattered about. The 
drawings were on a high shelf, fampana hail to step on 
the lower abelf in order to reach them. Then he Jumped 
lightly down— one font straight into tlie pail of water. 

Mademoiselle, at work on her canvas, was frightened, 
idle was afraid the artist would swear: but she remained si- 
lent, not even ililukiug to rush to his ant. Tbe tittle singer 
screamed und clapped ber brown-gloved bands w ith delight 
at the ridiculous miriuqi. Then with those same brown 
fingers sbe helped him mop up tlie water with what low'd* 
he could find baudy. 

The stream was slipping so fast toward a pile of drawing* 
ou the floor that the little singer quite spoiled her gloves m 
her zeal to help save the skrtclim. 

*. nrn psoas dignity was quite gone; and when he stooped 
and wrung out the hupping bottom of each trouser leg over 
lire tub. little Miss Lurkiii laughed at him again. Then the 
artut helped birr off with tbe tight wet grave*, and in the ah. 
aence of a respectable towel lined ber lingers with Ills hand- 
kerchief. 

Muik'iiKihellc winked steadily nt her contra* meanwhile, 
hut die felt her cars bum ju*l a trifle at tlie artist's unusual 
gayciy. Sbe would not toilfe-s* to herself that she was Jea- 
lous Indeed, she eared only for Ii«t art — wlml difference to 
ber If tbe artist dried Miss Larkin's finger-tips! But die told 
herself lie seemed so frivolous this afternoon, it was so un- 
like him— so undignified! 

After the caller* went away. Cumpana returned to bis 
Work. After mime attempts, he threw down his brushes, 
ami said: " I ran t work from <*ie. That's the nuisance of 
working In this sort of a place— never cun get a model " 
Ho puttered at ids canvas for * time, filially scraped the 
work out, aud raid, "lin going out for n smoke.” 

When lie returned to the studio, mademoiselle had finished 
her work for the day, ami wire taking off the paint covered 
apron in which she worked 

Curnpanu criticised her work— she was doing a stilt life lu 
ooHuis— pointed out that Ikt eokir was not clear enough, 
and llial die drawing was not good in the left corner. Lsu 
ally *be was must attentive to bU criticism, but to-night she 
wa* dreaming, fainpana did not notice it, however. 

Wlien mademoiselle reached the door sbe hesitated a mo- 
ment. ami then raid. •• If you like, Mr C'aiupauu. 1 will |raae 
for you for lift head ■' 

Campuun was surprised, but Ira until : "Oh. all right! 
That's very good of you, mademoiselle." 

"To-morrow afti-rivom' sin- asked. 

"To ntorroW H good,” he said. 

The next day a small package lay ou ('xmpatia's desk, aud 
mademoiselle "saw the address. She divined that be was 
semiing new gloves to the little singer, and w as a shade dis- 
comfited. t-lie didn't know w hy. 

Bat she posed remarkably well, and Campana observed 
again llrat bet color was very good. Indeed, be bad never 
noticed before that her eyas were to bright 

" You pose like a stuiite. ntademoiseile," be said. 

She smiled faintly, aud was pleivsi'd. 

If any one bud said to mademoiselle in lira following days 
Unit she was more particular alvout her dresa. sbe would have 
resented it. It is doubtful if she realized that sbe had taken 
to brightening her usual attire with a flower or a ribbon at 
ber ! limit. 

Sin: worked steadily on, teaching through the early part 
of lira day. aud painting during her leisure.’ Ituiire in (he af- 
ternoon. ’ !ib« did Dot so much a* look at Campanil Sira 
worked so steadily l list he found himself grow lug still more 
interested Id her career. He inked himself whether she 
really meant it, and concluded that die did. Once be asked 
her liow soon site meant to return to Paris. 

" In two years.” she mid 

At first site bad beta fairly content to work and wait, but 
of late she had become impatient, and it seemed to ber ihc 
could fly at tbe long delay before the would have earned 
money enough to go away 

Cnmpana went often to see tbe little tiogcr, and often ho 
received trates from licr. 

Mademoiselle saw the duinty notes lying about on desk or 
mantel. and wise never she raw one *lra worked fiercer. Onto 
she ssid she would steal the money if it were possible. m> 
that she might give up teaching aim! go back at once to her 
Paris and her painting. 

(.am pan* said to his friends that be never raw anything 


like tlie way the girl worked. " I tell you site's a genius.” 
lie raid; " for it's only a genius that call t-Ueh to a thing like 
that " 

There followed three months of this intense work on the 
pun of mademoiselle; three months of desultory work ami 
unusual garety on the join of Cninpaaa. This acquaintance 
with the little singer bud taken him much into society, 
tliuugb he profs-xsrd to scorn society. 

One day ttiudemnirelle hud been posing for the head of a 
" Spring. She bud ln-tii very happy during the afternoon. 
Bin- felt (but viie looked well iu her dainty summer gown of 
pink and white. It was a Paris gown, slid she kepi it care- 
fully, but today she Wore it fur the sake of the "Spring.'’ 

That very afternoon anoilK-r envelope came, ttlra luul 
grown useu to the tail handwriting und the delicate tint, but 
they always nnnli- IlST It Mil DCt w Shi didn't allow herseif 
to say why— ami they (nude her long to get away to Paris. 

To-day the envelope Minted lo disturb Campann as welL 
Indeed it contained Miss Larkin's wedding antKKUioentenl. 
and lie was piqued and surprised. He threw it on to Hie dc*k, 
and went on with hi* painting, but lie didn't succeed, He 

S i* lira color too high, mid, finally, by an awkward move, 
i.'slroyed the ex[>ecum expmrion that be was so anxious 
to get, 

" Campann you're a fool," be nnuouneed to himself, aud 
arose and walked Aereely up and down. 

Finally be resumed his work, and painted silently for a 
while Then be went over lo mademoiselle, turned her brad 
a trifle, rearranged tbe hair so it should fall more tart lew ly 
about Iter face, then suddenly bent and kissed ber. lie 
didn't know why he did it 

"I beg your pardon!" they were: the only words that ennra 
lo her. und mademoiselle drew herself fiercely away. Sbe 
went swiftly to picking up ber brushes und colors. 

For a moment ('inqiaiiu stood perplexed. It was only a 
moment, but in that time be bud called himself a fool; then 
observed that she looked glorious with her f jet flashing fire; 
then demanded of himself: " Where did I ever see another 
girt of her sense and gc-niusT And site's pretty— beautiful." 

Hu went impetuously toward her. " Don't "tie angt v with 
roe." he raid . " I want you to go witii we to Pans. We will 
go for a Wedding trip nwir— this week:" and her eyes were 
glorious a* he crushed her liaruH agalost Ills heart. ' 

"But Miss LarkinT" sbe Hu:d, after nn hour, to which ber 
hoxrtarhe bud alt been forgotten 
•’Oil." lie said— and he was quite sincere about it— *■ Mira 
lark in is pretty, but awfully shallow; aud. you kuuw, I don’t 
care for music, anyway." 


THE SONG OF TIIE PINE. 

A woo of April wtfily stole 
Over tlie forest * soul. 

And. like a harp iu the casement hung, 

Tlie boughs and the little leave* liegan 
To sing tbeir songs to the mmiI of mini; 

Each a* God made it. so it sung. 

Tbe sturdy brech of its triumphs told; 

The Idrclwe rang of (he strength of yeuUi; 

The willow murmured with pensive jt'*ld; 

Aud tbe oak-tree cried. "I stand like truth!" 

But the song that braced my soul like wine 
Wax tbe song of the pine. 

There be stood, in his ckmk aud plume, 

Robed nud wrapt iu a stalely glixmi. 

In lira passing wind hi* branches rang. 

And ibis was the song that the pioe-trcc sang: 

Life Is no plav day. 

Revel, or irayday! 

Virtue and rtglit— to battle for three, 

\Yakr, O strong soul, from thy dreams and thine case! 
Here, then, stand I. 

riworn to n cause one should live for or die. 

1 change not my nmii by day ur by night ; 

I sLnnd in the wood, like a clialtengtng knight, 

Till tbe world swears ullrgiunoc to virtue and right!" 
Then tbe fitful wind sank, and the forest was still. 
Save a brook, leaping down like a child front the hill 
But 1 beard in my si/ul that deep, ehallcngicg tone— 

' For virtue— for right— till the woild is (blue own!" 

J Alii.# BCCKUAU. 






Digit); 


THE FLOWER MARKET DC UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK.— Diuww *t W. T. Smedlet.— [Se* Pao* 383. J 


378 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. SO. UK, 


Harper's Week i. v. 

No. I TOG. 

WITH rOVKH, ASI> «rPM.KMKKT fONTAIJCINO 
AN aUMUTIOR IN TINT, KNTITI.KO " TJIIC 
NEW AOKK HKVHlHTH.ITAX Ml ski M <>► AM." 
UHAWN BT A. B. WKSUI-t. 

mil! i» <kxt* x roPT—41 in a nit, is miiik 

A'lilrrJyJnM m.»v hfjfin mlS ai»y .ViimW. 


T1IK *• ITATA.” 

mjlE case of the Rata raise* another foreign quea 
1 lion. Sl»e i* n screw pnqieller, formerly owned 
by lint Chilian Siemn Navigation ('ofiipuiiy, anil was 
probably aeizcd by llie Chilian insurgent* at the lie- 
ginning of the present trouble in Chili, and lilted ha 
u vessel of war. She rame into American water* at 
San Diego, in California, on a voyage to obtain mili- 
tary supplies from the schooner Robert aiul IfiNNiV, 
and was seized by our govern men l ii|ion strong sus- 
picion. and placed in charge of a l imed Slates 
marshal. She then slipped out of the hnrlmr of San 
Diegu. carry mg else marshal : and meeting the Robert 
amt Minnie outside. t tie military supplim were trans- 
ferred, Mini the Jtata steamed away to Chili. The 
Robert atul Minnie was seized bv in, and the Srcrc- 
taries of the Slate and Nary department* agreeing 
with the Attorney I ieneral lliul we have a right to 
capline ili«* Rata wherever she may lie found, rrasel* 
of war have lieen onlrrrd lotliat duty. A* usual, llie 
question of the exact limits of the local authority in 
such a case, under tins practice culled iutenialioiiul 
law, presents home difficulties. 

There is an insurrection in Chili against the gov- 
ernment, at the head of wliieli is Halmackha. with 
whose representative at Washington bur government 
transacts business, and we have not acknowledged 
the belligerent right* of U*e insurgents. It wait our 
duty. Ilierefarr, to detain the Itnta until we bad satis- 
fied ourselves tluit she was not alnisiugonr territory 
to promote lioMtilila-s against a friendly |uiw er. Did 
we discharge all our duly in plsienig a marshal upon 
her. without the presence or readiness of any fnrrp to 
prevent her escape f If llusnigli rembmue** of this 
kind site escaped upon the high Saas before we hud 
lieguu the puiwuit or taken any measure** to liegin it. 
are we authoris'd hy the customs of nation*. or ought 
we to In- authorized. to pursue her If the Rata laid 
remained iu forcible detention hy us. could we have 
■lone more than to order her to dejvirt. tiiking cure 
that she should not Im supplied with arms in waters 
over which we have rightful control l It is clear 
that if the Munition justified the lie lent ion of the Itnta. 
it requited llie enforcement of llie detention 

But the fact that she wa* hot detained, and that 
the pursuit mu Id not be even Ixgiiu until long after 
the Rata was beyond Ainerreaii water*, unquestion- 
ably complicates the itiluHliou. Under the circum- 
stance* fail- play to the administration require* iliut 
the daily reports from Washington should l«c received 
with great caution. As llie reports from different 
Bourre* are often entirely contradictory. it i* obvious 
that they arc not all correct. It is the duly of the 
gentlemen of the pres* who arc stationed iu Wash- 
ington daily to purvey it large supply of accurate in- 
formation upon the purines-* and act* of the govern- 
ment in such an exigency, anil w hatever the quality 
of the knowledge, llm supply of ropy must not fail. 
This situation produei-* a ropioo* mass of rumor, with 
out always u eorrexpcnidinjj quantity of fact. It is 
not ini|Hissible that rra.|aiitsihle ollicrrs of the govern- 
ment sometimes think, and even intend in critical 
emergencies. something more than tliey communicate 
to the nuMl favored of reporters. It is not, for ex 
ample, entirely certain that a Secretary of the Navy 
will make known to a new s|k«|ht the pur|Mirt of in 
atructions wliieli arc given sealed to the naval nlllccr 
who is to execute them. Bui if under suiiilar cir- 
cuiiisluncew our government would have ordered the 
pursuit of an English ship, or the ship of any strong 
stub*, we may lx* confident that it feels very sun* of 
its position. If we may pursue and capture the Rata 
upon the high sens, may we also capture her in u for- 
eign port i 

PUBLIC OPINION AND TIIK REPORT OF 
THE GRAND JURY IN NEW OKI. HANS. 

Tint rc|iorl at the Grand Jury iu the case of Llie 
New Orleans inussiierc. as we said last week, probe 
bly surprised no one. Hut now that time enough 
has elapsed to show its general impression, it is very 
c-rislitahle to the country and to tile pn-ss llinl tin* 
report is not accepted as a juslilication of the slangh 
ter. It would indeed la* extraordinary if it should 
be generally agreed hy Americans that any person or 
niimlier of persons, absolutely helpless and unable to 
defend themselves, might is- properly (Hit to death hy 
ail assembly or other |ieis<tiix, without any other pro- 
cedure than an excited declaration that the lawful 
course of justice had miscarried, uml that justice 
must be, therefore, “executed " by a mob. The intel- 


ligence of tiie city nf New Orleans can lianlly aequi 
e*ce finally iu xurh a conclusion. It would blacken 
llie name of the city, und stigmatize it as a place to 
be avoided by civilized strangers. 

The mob in Bouton, more than sixty years ago. 
which broke up the women's anlislavery meeting, 
and liuutrd GaRRImiM to lung him. was lulled the 
gentlemen's mob. It injured no pi-iqierty ix-vond 
tlie hall, and sought no person except the abolition 
j*t. But it struck at tin* fundamental principles of 
civilized society and popular government. ‘Hie mur- 
der of llKJCXKasY. uml the bribery or terror brought 
to hear upon the jury, were great wrong*, and they 
impeached tin; cottitnunity of greut derelicliun of 
public duty, like the TVOI) ascendency in New 
Vork and the Lottery control in Izouisiana. Hal the 
report of the jury (Inn not succeed in justifying 
the lynrhiug. Ttio names of the leaders were well 
known, and if the siUutliou lie such as the ivporl as 
serta, what is m*t-dcd is not an argument of tlie Grand 
Jury, hut a judgment iu court. When we guarantee 
ill a treaty the same proleetioii to the foreigner which 
the Anierirau citizen receives, we mean a lawful trial 
ill a court representing the authority of the State. 
We do not mean the “executions" of Judge Lynch. 
What evidence does the report of the (irand Jury 
offer that it is not speaking under the coercion of the 
same (tower that "executed" justice by the massacre 
iu the prison f How does the country know that if a 
petit jury in New Orleans is terrorized by one force, 
a (•rand Jury is not termrbwd hy another.' Intrlli 
gent American* in that city must see that when the 
legni harrirreof order aie overthrown. anarchy begins. 

For many year* New Orleans ha* been noted for 
practical contempt of law The serious outbreaks in 
that city, which show tlie easy resort to violence, 
have given it unquestionably a very had reputation. 
It may Jx* that corruption und other crime have 
wholly subjugated public spirit there, and that legal 
redrew against such offences iik the murder of Hkn 
MO* wY is impracticable. But will the wholesale 
slaughter of helpless prisoners Ixdieved to lie guiltily 
CM*aping justice restore the vigor of public spirit and 
reverence for law f These arc the only remedies for 
the situation, and docs llie 114*1 which the report ex- 
cuse* encourage the grow ill of such spirit and rev- 
erence f I hie suggestion of tin* report, as we said, is 
certainly good, it i» that which exhorts a careful 
revision or tiie immigration laws. Neither public 
spirit nor reverence fur law will be fostered by cheup- 
eiiiug American citizenship and authorizing alien 
ignorance anil luwleraiies* to vote. We exclude the 
Chinese, but the (.'bines* would make quite as good 
citizens as the slave* of the Malta. But the desirabil- 
ity of amending the immigration taws ami protecting 
the suffrage is not an argument for what Mr. BlaINK 
called “a massacre. " 


TIIK NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN. 

TllK rtwignalion of Mr. Hl XTUKiToX aa President 
of the National Academy of Design remove* from 
that important olllce an admirable artist and accom- 
plished gciitleuiun. We call tli* (ilHcr ilii|mrlanl, 
because llie position of the Academy iu the general 
art movement of the lime mustileprml largely upon 
its chief ; and bv Mr. Wood, who ha* lieeu elected to 
succeed Mr, ill'XTINuTuSC, ami Mr, Miu.kt. the new 
virc-presidenl.il is evident that the best traditions of 
the Academy will be preserve*!, and the modern s|iirit 
will be cordial Iv welcomed. Tlie change j K very great 
since the older day when every |Minteraml sculptor i if 
note iu this Roniiiiunily was either uu Acudimiiciau or 
an Associate. The Acwlemy has never quite justilled 
it* name of National, i*xcepl u* the artists uf New York 
might lx* regarded collectively as representing the 
distinctive diunu'trr and tendencies of American art, 
ami of late years the Academy has not includisJ the 
whole art activity even of New York. IihIpmI it 
lias bceu sometimes thought that lint tendency of 
contemporary art. or 4»f that which |wciiliitrly repre- 
sents its conlrrii|xirnry spirit, was towui-d imh-pen 
deuce of the Academy ami a neparate organization. 
Certainly the Acailrmy exhibition is not the only 
exhibition of the year, and there are other societies 
whose exhibitions coni4<st with that of the Academy 
the palm of interest and significance. 

This is true of London also, and in a community 
whose spirit is that of individual frredom and inde- 
pendence this will lx* always the teudciicy. Un- 
doubtedly the situation is somewhat due to the «m- 
xervative indolence which gradually overtakes all 
such institution* as the Academy. It falls into ruts, 
and follows its idd traditions, and spares itself tin* 
lalsir ami excitement of constantly recognizing and 
mgaiitziiig a newer spirit. It is. however, doubtful 
whether file advantage* of tin* local world of art may 
not Im* more mslily secured for a larger number iu 
one great and amply endowed and appointed soriely 
than ill a uiultilmlp of smaller clubs ami association*. 
The old question of the advantage «»f any academy 
we do not here discuss, lull we accept as desirable an 
organization to perform for the wlu.de body of artists 
services which the individuals can Iras conveniently 
coimuaud. In a sense the academy should be for 


artists what the college is for scholars, and in 
community u large and comprehensive aesibi . 
would have the advantage of a completely rmho-i 
university over sepuratc amt more poorly Mippi^i 
schools. Tlie analogy, of course, is not rump, .:, 
hut it serves the |Hirjxwc. 

Now there seems to be no reason that the National 
Academy should not include nil the associated art;* 
tivity of New York fur the main objects of surli t, 
social ion, One great cxhiliiliou or more, for instaixr 
every year, nianaged with proper care, would he jg 
itself an important public event, and would irt« 
llie interests of plastic art iu the city with a pr^iit* 
which is now derived from no single exhibition, m. 
eluding that of the Ai'adeiny. In lamdon the iqrn- 
ing of the Koval Academy exhibition ia heralded bi- 
ll limner which is the most notable of the year, ard 
tlie report of it is the announcement which makra 
the ojiening known tp the lemdon which is interact 
etl. There is no reason that an Academy dinner iu 
New York should not lake rank with the auuaal 
New England dinner or the banquet of tlie Chamber 
of Commerce, mid apprise every render of tlie new*- 
jM|x*r* of tlie opening of the exhibition. Under one 
Ini'gennd liberal munagement. also, all thereaonrm 
of inslriiclion, the museunn, the libraries!, would t« 
ampler, more readily accumulated, and more access 
hl«* to students, while the inevitable difference* and 
rivalries of art mu would have full play. The cornii 
lions of the prosperity of such an institution, of 
course, would lx* liberality aud tact. But the effort 
for uniou seems to be worth while. 

HERESY. 

Tail central in I’rraliylcriun circles over the inuug-jr.il 
address of tlie Itev Dr Umiuus, nnil III* proposed trial t<A 
heresy, like lire recent Episcopal protest against Dr. Ham* 
roan mid IIxukh Nkwtox, Us* an interest tx-yoml the pn 
sons and llie qiieslion which are huDudlalely involrnl 
Whether Dr. Baiooss Inaugiiiiil address nooonls with Hit 
W'eMinlaster Confcssloa, like all such questions, is a natitr 
of interpretation, und of tlie proper canons of iuierpMa 
lion No Judgment upon that sjieciflc point, even if 1* 
should Is* Iwniieht to trial, and either convicted or acquiiled. 
would iilfect ilia es«entinl question involved. 

That question is the old one of the spirit and the letter. 
Whull the Jaw Is* inlrr|in'tn] by one or number i-oncr|i(|iiu 
of its spiritual signitScnnco? Nhnll Christiuniiy lie expmud- 
cd by the enlightened MhoiarMiip and thnuglit of today, or 
by tin* views of yesterday, or nf two hundrrd yearn ago* 
W aa John RoaiXMiX wrong in thinking that there was yd 
mole truth to prt-iK-li forth fiom ticnl's Word, ami is UiL 
Wool now closed ? TIm*>c mid Midi as these are the red 
qiMwiloiM which lire prraentetl. mid wlikli are uni venal./ 
felt to he iin»ed by Midi movements a* tin* arraignment <*l 
Dr. Kanin* and the protest agninM M**»»i*. li mn*fokd aad 
N KW ion 

The question of official good faith i* always nskrd whrrr 
a mini in the pix.il ion of Dr. Hiikki* ndministen trust fundi. 
Of course surli a man will iniwisr no trust. But tl«c aurr- 
linn of misuse is not an argument. It is, in fa>cl. for lhal 
|xiinl, tlie siilwtanre of the inquiry-. Is it a misuse? A 
pious aad burned scholar professes to hold a belief wbkt 
lie uiHlerslands iliflcrcnlly from utiiers who bold iL Whf« 
llie proper autlinritv- which lie recognizes deckles ngainH 
hiiu lie naturally resigns mi uftice wliieli lie buhls by IU 
leimre «if it* approval. But his view of the faith he does 
mu redga. A judgmeni again*t Dr. Biitoos would die* 
Unit a majority of the tribunnl differ from him. But it 
would show nothing more. 

G KITING READY. 

No election i* pending, but polilica are very active, ami 
ll*ere Is a great drill nf amu*nucnt in them. The resuli *1 
the niilumn election it n cctsa arily very otiacuic. and n* both 
»iih» feel that Menu will diqiend on skill in the gann 
of nomlnatioiui. speculation nf all kinds is universal, and 
iniglily politicians arc c-mhlnl with subtle sclwnvcs. The 
two party Icatlrra nrc agreral to lw Governor IIili. nnd Mr. 
I’l. ATT. Tliat llie Governor, wlio ha* hern elected Senatur 
ami who lias shown surli alianlute ascendency over bi* paity 
as few party leader* in this Slate liavc ever sliown. slicaild 
l«- tlie M*re|ited 1 lemo. nilir chief is not Miiyirising. But 
why Mr. I'l.ATT. who hold* no pulitiral office, nud who j- i 
public itmii la well known, should lie llie acknowledged Ik 
publican chief I* not so easy to understand. 

The uk<ciloo for wbU-li ihc marsluilHug of forces lias he 
gnn Ia a Stale election, and if Stale issnra were to deter- 
mine it the result would be hardly doubtful. It is nut 
questionable that llie measure* wliieli bit desired by tlie 
most intelligent sentiment of tlie Stale an? more likely to he 
adopted under lb-pul>Ucan than Democratic ascendency. 
Experience chows that reforms in political methods, wise 
temperance legislation, ami the whole range of nnn-pol'tiril 
biteivsu will be more pvobaldy ndvanccii under Republicu 
tlinii Dcima raiic auspice*. Ix-t any voter ooosMer wUt 
local Interests nf the Stale should lie llie especial Interest 
and tare of i|»e Executive, and then nsk himself wbptber 
they would Is* ».-if4*r in the hands of a Republican Exccutlw. 
like AxnBinv D. Whttk. for Instance, or of any Demornx 
wIm» ha* lieen namol for tlie office. 

It may he said that a man like ex President White wiil 
not lx* miminatcd, and could not lie elect oil But tliat ao 
swer merely throw* tlie voter hnck upon a choice of |suty 
Icmleiicien and protm bililies. A man like Mr White is at 
least seriously mentioned u« Ihe cumlidatc of ooc parly 
lint no similar randidatc i» mcnilonol by the other. New 
York is so large a State, and Ihc majority is always *j 


d by Google 



MAY W9I. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


379 


small. or elm? »o ifrj large, as to make the rtf'll It happily 
uncertain. It cnnt»<>t fairly be called either n Hcpublicnn 
or Denrocratic Slntr in the sense that Vermont is Republican 
ami Ark-mwn Democratic-. 'Hie imlrpemient vote is no- 
where more important, and it has never lieen room inde- 
pendent than it will probably be this year. 

THE NEW YORK BOTANIC GARDEN. 

Onk of the moat interesting rrrent aspects of public affairs 
in this community is the effective part in ihem taken by in- 
telligent women. The Slate legislation providing for the 
removal of insane patients from county pon-Thouse* was 
originated by women, and successfully concluded under 
tbeir auspice*. The efficient sympathy and action of women 
during the last municipal campaign would have lieen crown- 
ed with similar success but for the unexpected defection 
of men. The movement for cleaning the streets hss been 
greatly stimulated by women, to whom its progress is large- 
ly due, and llie effective work in the effort la raise a fund to 
secure the opening of the Metropolitan Museum on Hominy 
i* done by women All tbit work Is done, also, in the most 
womanly way, and it is Interesting as showing the develop- 
ment of a sense of the duty n# citizenship which Is wholly 
new, in tins extent, among women. 

Among these gorsi works— and thus far no l«s successful 
tlinn the others— is that for die [tetanic Gulden and Museum. 
T<> the exertions of n few ladies, in conoectioa with a com- 
mittee of Hie Torrrv Botanical Club, is due the passage of 
the act giving two hundred and fifty acres of the Bronx 
Park, the nt-aret to the city of the new parks, with half a 
million of dollars to lie raised by the bonds of tbc city, for 
the erection of tbe necessary buildings, provided Ihnt the 
corporation ahull raise two hundred and fifty thousand dol- 
lars to put the gardens In operation. The famous Botanical 
Garden at Kow, in England, which Lns quickened botanical 
and lloml interest ami study throughout all civilize] com- 
munities. was originally a priest* enterprise, but is now sup- 
ported by tbn gn verninent. It contributes not only lo the 
scientific eminence of the country, blit it furnishes a most 
elevating humanizing, and delightful popular resort. 

A merienn life need# nothing more than the cultivation 
and extension of such licmitiftd and refining In Mile ticca It 
la by such works, as by the popular cultivation of musk and 
every form of art, that a great city shows its true metropoli- 
tan instinct and character. To quicken a generous and 
worthy local pride is onr of tbc surest manna of fostering 
tbe public spirit upon which the best ami most distinctive 
Amcrimu iuuitutiun* depend Tbe moment, tbc opportu- 
nity. tho interest, all conspire far tbe happy result proposal 
by ibis noble enterprise. If Ibe demands on the liberality 
of New York ate large and constant. It Is because it is no 
mrnn city, and is made mngnilU-ent by tbe generosity of its 
fortunate citizen.*, many of whom, anti of the most enlight- 
ened and liberal, rompou? the financial committee of tbe 
enterprise. A happier site could not be selected, mere fa- 
vorable conditions from tbc legislature could not be ex- 
pected, a more suitable organization for tbc purpo^ could 
not be framed, nnd more faithful and efficient advocate* 
than tbe Ltdics interested nnd the Toney club could not be 
found. It would be almost a disgrace to die city that such 
a project uuder such auspices should not, soon and com- 
pletely, succeed. 

COMMISSIONER ROOSEVELT AND THE 
TW EK T YU KMT DISTRICT. 

Tim Republican Association of the Twenty-first District 
in the city of New York recently considered some resolu- 
tions which showed hearty disgust with civil service reform, 
but were yet an unintentional tribute to tho Honest enforce- 
ment of the law by complaining that Republicans were 
not preferred lu appointments. They were also especially 
aimed In censure at Commissioner Uckmrvklt. When the 
passage rtf the resolutions was moved. Mime diw-usaion arose. 
The shrewder leaders, whatever their regard for reform, 
were evidently aware that the absurdity of passing such res- 
olutions and pretending to aland upon tbe party national 
platform was too apparent. They therefore demurred. 

But when tbc presiding officer said that Mr. Roourtelt. 
in reply to tbe critktan* upon the conduct of the National 
Commission, wished to offer to often all tbe books and rec- 
ords of the commission for the Inspection of tbe association, 
there could be hut one answer, and a committee of inquiry 
w*a appointed. It is in this prompt and cudld way that 
Commissioner IlncMKVKt.T lias met all Ibe attacks made 
upon the arts of the commission. Even in Congress vague 
and general injurious allegations hare lieen made, which 
were substantially false, and Mr. Romkvki.t has challenged 
them on the spot, and. so far as we are aware, they have 
never been substantiated. 

The service to the Kepublkaa party cif Mr. Kimmcvri.t as 
a commissioner has lieen very great. He is a faithful Re- 
publican. and he lias officially Insisted that tbe Republican 
platform meant what it said, and that those who, like Mr. 
Clarkson. profesasd to be true-blue Republicans, yet ofll 
claify violated the patty pledge, did grievous wrong to tbe 
party. Mr. Rometelt t* a Republican who hold* to tbe 
whole party platform: Mr CTarebok, to so much of it as be 
likes. If tbc party holds with Mr. Ci.ahksox rather than 
with Mr Roosbvki.t. so much tbe worse for the party. 

MR. CLEVELAND IN BUFFALO. 

THK recent visit of Mr. ri.RVRi.AMD In Buffalo must be 
regarded as n political incident, because, whatever the Inten- 
tion may have beeu. it served the political purpose of show- 
ing that tbe city in which be lived for many yean still 
gladly honors him. and that his political friends are still 
proud of his name. .Mr. ClrtelaKD made three or four 
speeches, but only ooe of political significance. Its tone 
was dignified and appropriate, for a mere partisan harangue 


at the dree of a vWt on whkb he had received a non-parti- 
san welcome would have lieen peculiarly unbecoming, and 
w fiuld have given just offence. 

But ns a party man, tbn proltahle candidate of bis party 
next year for tin- Presidency, and addressing a party MOO- 
nation which brats his name, Mr. Clktrland ‘poke of poli- 
tics, but upon broad principles and without acrimony. The 
Significant remark In the speech, regarded politically, was 
Uila: "Tbe axe will not lie Laid at the root of the unwhole- 
some tariff tree, with Ha vicious inequality and injustice, 
until we reach and destroy ha parent and support .“ This 
support Mr. Cleveland stated to be Public Extravagance, 
nnd It Iras been surmised that he meant to suggest lliat the 
Democratic cry for the campaign of next year should be 
economy and denunciation of the ••billion" Republican »p- 
proprlntion* rather Ilian tariff reform. But tariff reform is 
in itself an effective check upon tho spirit of extravagance. 
The enormous pension grants ami the operation of high tariff 
dutirs are bribes for tlte support of clxntcs of voters, ami 
opposition lo Uiem is opposition both to extravagance aud 
its consequent demoralization. 

The chief interest of Mr. Ct-RVRbAXD'* speech, however, lay 
in the impression, which he always produce*, that he means 
wlial he says. Ilis public career illustrate* his belief that 
politics is something more than adroit jugglery, and that 
official duly means obligation to tbe people. The secret of 
bis undoubted popularity is popular coufidence in bis politi- 
cal honesty. He may make mistakes, and his party sympa 
thy may sometimes cause him to bealtale to trust tbe general 
good sense But no public man Is more universally believed 
lo liavc political conviction* and to be true to them, and It 
is very long since any Democratic leader fans commanded m 
much sincere respect among hi* political opponents as Mr. 
Cl.kvri.an d. 


PERSONAL 

Tint first 1x>ok, perhaps, to tat held back by English pub- 
lishers to meet tbe requirements of Ibe American Copy- 
right Act is GKOluiK Rlmsku.'* biography of William k. 
Gi.aimtiink, llie publication being delayed until July 6th. 
The appearance of tliia hook, which is to be published In 
this country by Hami'kr A BRnrnr.it*. is an sited with 
much interest, the author's personal acquaintance with his 
subject, and tbe assistance be lias received from witm- of 
Mr, GLAIWTONR's contemporaries and friends, having com- 
bined lo give the work uniiMial promise. 

— Unroll Hlltscll, tin* Mama of the new Jewish di*|reu*v 
lion, inherited niucli of hi* wealtli, and added to his iuheri- 
taller by daring and successful financial operation*. His 
wealth I* estimated at ovar #100, 090,000, ami in hi* lifetime 
he ha* enjoyed nil tbnt money could buy. Hr linn enter- 
tained prince* anil lived like a prince himself, and it Is not 
surprising that now that lie is old and childless, hi* non 
having died some time ago, lie should think of spending a 
portion, at burnt, of his great fortune for the betterment of 
ills race. 

There are *n many side* to the Emperor WlLMAM's 
versatile nature that It Is hard to keep track of them all. 
One day he is with the army, inspiring the soldier* with 
warlike ambitions, and the next be Is in hi* palace arran- 
ging a match for bis unmarried sister. Recently, while ad- 
dressing the stinbmta of Bonn, ho placed himself on the 
side of law-breakers by eulogising the duelling diatoms of 
the German universities, and now it is aiinoniinnd that ho 
is contemplating a " retreat," the season of bis religious se- 
questration to be spent in no lew a place than the caetla 
of Wartburg. where Martin Li'tiikh was for a time Con- 
ti wed, and where he in said to bare burled an inkpot at tbe 
devil's head. 

— The house In which Nathaniel Hawthorne waa born 
at Balem. Massachusetts, bus liecome ail object of specula- 
tion, and if tbe present owner (said to ho a washerwoman) 
does not prove too exorbitant in her demands, it may be 
transplanted to Chicago a* a side show to tb* Coluaibiau 
Exhibition. 

—A dramatic critic's lot is not always a happy one, lint 
the rough side of existence ha* Wan pleasantly smoothed 
recently for one of tho guild, Clement Scott, of London, 
by a generous legacy left bim by a lady who admired his 

— Mastering language* seems to tie n* easy ns rolling off 
a log for Max Dirci-arait, a fifteen-year-old Baltimore 
prodigy. He knows ten already, and is rapidly piekiug np 
others, fchotviug what a sphere lie might have filled as in- 
terpreter at the tower of Babel 

• -Ex-Governor Tiiomas M. Waller, of Connect lent, who 
has lieen made head of the foreign department of tbe Chi- 
cago World's Fair, with headquarters at London, ought to 
feel at home in the big English city, for he was CmiMil-Uen- 
etnl there under President Cleveland's administration, 
lie is simply another illustration of what an American lioy 
with the right kind of stuff in bim can heroine, for It Is not 
no very many years since he waa selling newspaper* on the 
streets of New Loudon in hi* native State. 

— Rev. Dr. J. D. Wickham, lire oldest alumnus of Yale 
College, has just died at Manchester, Vermont. He was 
graduated in 1*13. 

— The widow of J a MRS K. Pol.K i* eighty-eight year* old, 
but appeared os sprightly a* a young woman at the wed- 
ding of a niece of here ill Nashville. Tennessee, Ibe other 
evening. 

— John Stephenson, who 1m ill the first street cam used 
ill Anirrica.aud all the old stage* that onen rattled over 
the Broadway pavements, lives at New Rochelle, New 
York. His house, n large and roomy strncture. waa built of 
stone quarried on the gronnd, and it was seven rears in 
prows* of const met ion. 

-Colonel Amo* A. Parker, of Fitxwilliam. New Hamp- 
shire, who Is one hundred yearn old. and yet bale and 
hearty, reineuilieni with especial pride the fact that Ire wn» 
appointed to escort General Lata VKTTK to New Hampshire 
when that great Frenchman was on a visit to this country 
in 1*J4. Colonel PaRKEM claim* to be tbe oldest living col- 
lege graduate in the country, Burlington (Vermont) I, 'Di- 
versity being hi* alma water . He is also noted for having 


held more offices, nnd remained longer in office, than any 
other man in Now Hampshire. Hi* third and lost wife was 
one of the famous Smith sisters, of Glastonbury, Cnnuecti- 
cm, who for many year* resisted taxation without repre- 
sentation. 

— The death of Mr. WaI.TRH F. Reed. which occurred nt 
Colorado Spring* on the Utli instant, removes from Franklin 
Square one of tire most highly esteemed employes lu tire 
II a I t PX'lt establishment, wlicre for fifteen years past he hint 
lieen engaged ns brail lusik keeper. In expertnres a* an 
accountant Mr. lfRRD was inunqumd, while ill strictneas 
of devotion to the duties of hi* responsible position he set 
an excellent example. Ilis courtesy made him a favorite 
with all Ml Bonne hues, and endeared him to a large circle 
of friends. 

—Herr Hchmalpemi. who was Prince Bismarck's antag- 
onist in hi* recent electoral contest, was a cigar-maker with 
no particular fame. Association has brought hint eminence, 
however, and even in his defeat be ha* gained a notoriety 
which makes him the victim of the autograph fiend. 

— One of Judge GltyjuiAM's diversion* is said to be a ride 
on the front platform of a Cblcugn street car. where Ire can 
talk liars* with tire driver. 

— The leaders of society are not always callous to tire 
need* of those less forllllinlc than they are. Mr. and Mrs. 
John Jacob Astxih nre said to giv* away more i bin 
UHU a year in unostentatious charity, while Mr*. Awn in i« in- 
terested in mission work. 

— Tire late Haml'ri. Alexander Geriiv, of Bootoa, had 
won prominence ns a painter of landscapes and miniatures, 
and was one of tbe founders of the Itoslmi Art Club. Hu 
passed forty snniiner* among 111* While Mountains, where 
lie found subjects for many of hi* pictures. 

— Tin? gradual decay of Loft* Koswt'Tti is pitiful. Of 
all the intinnitirs of agn. Ire finds tbe gradual loas of eye- 
sight tire least easy lo hear. 

—Since HUDTaMD Kiiunk'* phenomenal suecesa. tbc am- 
bitiou of the vllk family may lie said to hnve Im-cii look- 
ing up. A book by the father is now followed by uue by a 
sister. 

— JosKPri B. GlLMlft sailed on Wednesday on the Majft- 
lie for England, where Ire « ill take the first holiday ho lias 
allowed himself since his sister and himself storied the 
Critir, ten year* ago. Ten years' of work and three weeks 
of piny re a very unfair proportion, but it bo* not bad lire 
traditional effect on Mr. G ilder. 

— Prince Hkniiy, of Germany, the Emperor's younger 
brother, i* having a fast forty-ton English yacht- built for 
brill, and expect* to have lot* of fun racing her the coming 
— — w . His Dutch courage gave out when it came to hir- 
ing a crow, and English sailor* will manage tire plnylhiug ' 
for him. 

— During bis exile tn this country Tallkyrakd lived for 
a lime in Philadelphia, hut none of tire houses thut thru 
gave him shelter ore now Standing. Tbe tradition that Ire 
kept a shop and sold burtons to the Quaker* Is accounted 
for by the fact tbnt ho once roomed over such a More, and 
may have occasionally tended shop for the proprietor. 

— Prince Lt.ciKN BuXAPAimc, tbn savant, who live* in 
England, and has boon practically a widower for tire past 
forty years, can scarcely be said to have been liereaved by 
the recent death of Ida wife, who pawed away on the *auio 
day that Prince N A POL RON did. Tire Prime married Ma- 
hiannk. the beautiful daughter of tire sculptor CoKCHETTI, 
nearly aixtv year* ago; but Ibe uniou was not happy, and 
tho couple finally separated; tbe Princes*, however, declin- 
ing a divorce, although Irer commit would have been paid 
for with a fortune. 

— Lord TkxnvbsiN’b income from hi* poems Ib said to bo 
over #30.000 a year. 

— Prior* I ah; is Boxapartr, tire present head of lb* fam- 
ily, is said to strongly resemble tire Unit Napoleon iu 
countenance In physique he is tall, thin, and muscular, 
with a dignified and gracious manner. 

— The new Brigadier-General of tbe army, AlOl'ML'S 
Valrxtixe Halt/., whose promotion follow* the retire- 
ment of General JOHN Guidon, is a veteran of several wars. 
He fought in Mexico as a private, but afterword received a 
West Point relocation, aud won lire commendation of Gen- 
eral Hour for gallantry ill tire Indian campaigns of 1*57. 
General KAl'Ttfl record daring the lute war wu» brilliant, 
and lie is also known as a vigorous ludlnn-figliter. His 
promotion mines noire too ooon, for lie will be retired him- 
self nest January, when he brromes sixty-four years old. 

—All who called on Prince Bismarck April 1st to con- 
gratulate him on his birthday aunivenary received front 
him bis photograph Irearing bis autograph. 

— A bonne where Garhulih formerly lived, in Clifton, 
Staten Island, ha* recently been redd at auction, with a 
number of article* of furniture which tbe groat Liberator 
bad used. 

- One of tbe most remarkable old gentlemen in New 
York i* Colonel Charles B. Tappen. He i* ninety-six 
year* old, but ou alimsit every week-day of the year be 
walks from bis home on Sixty-eighth Street, where bo live* 
with his sou, FREDERICK D, TaPPKN, President of tbo Gal- 
latin National Bank, to Wall Hired and hack again. Col* 
onel Taitkx received Ilis military title from Governor Mar- 
cy III 1N3, while u mcndier of tbe State mllltla; bat he 
was also a soldier in the war of ItfhJ. 

— Tbc distinction of baling crossed tbe Atlantic SOI 
times, and of having commanded all tbe leading Canardore, 
belong* to Captain W. H. P. Haish, of the steam -ship 
Etnria. He is Commodore of tire company'* fleet, and has 
followed tbn sea since ItCK 

— Count ToldtoT, tbc Russian novelist and philoonpber, 
is a giant in frame and lias a strong face, with bine-gray 
eyes end a long gray beard. lie dresses roughly in peu- 
suiil garb, bis shots being made hy his own band. In Iris 
diet lie is a vegetarian, for Ire considers the slaying of inuo- 
rent animal* ns Madina cruelty. The Count's socialism 
loads him to hvo in tin- gTMlwt simpliritv, and the an- 
ferity which be cult ivatetl aome time ago caused a vigorous 
protest from hi* more practical wife, who »»w that it waa 
endangering Ills health and that of bis family. The 
Coalites* and her daughters Join with him, however, iu hi* 
works of philanthropy mid klndum* among tbe peasant*, 
by whom lire whole family are greatly revered. 


:5so 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17 ^ 




I.lfX'TENA.S r l'KAKV IN COASTING OITTIT.— U».»» u. W. A. li -m. mu a 1‘a-sTtH.ast-u 



UEYTEXaNT PRAItV AM* II IH COMPANION, IJnMN OIIAi'I.K OP MU'EHEX, WITH THE 
PIAO NtESCttEll TO THE EXl*iU>moS BV Ml5b ALICE DAUUiKEX. 


THE AIM TIC EXPEDITION. 

BY R. K PEAKY. I'.SN- 



Tue unquenrliablr spirit of Arctic quest. dormant for several year* past. (* again 
awukent-d, and Ibi- duwn of another cm of arGrity in polar cxplumiiou mtili it 
bund. Four untie eximlili*>us nn- preparing to atari w illiln the next twelve mouths 
[Urou XordonakjOUl will lend an rxnrdiiYnn to the south pole Dr. Nunaeo, the 
Norwegian scientist. who ncci.-mpli-'beil Ike firs! conning of Greenland three ynn 
1120 . i» I taring n vowel built, in which In- prop. mi. tn follow the Jamiuttr'i conn*, 
and hurl himself into the pack north und weal of Wnmgel IsUnd. with the expec 
lution that be w 111 be drifted over iIk- pile ami into Spltzberpcn or Oreeuland water* 
Lieutenant Ilydcr, of the Danish navy, pic* this month to cn»t Greenland to 
explore tin- Ice-nuckcd w-cllon of coast f routing Iceland, and connect the dlacoietka 
of Grauli nml llnlm in the kjuUi with those of Srorrshy and t layering in the north. 

A small parly of iwU-litlsls from the Heflin Geographical Society are preparing to 
go this summer to the went coast of Greenland to study the ••inland ice." 

The writer will go out about the 1st of June, umler'lhc auspices of the Academy 
of Natural Science* of niiladclpbb, to north Um uluiid. to attempt the locailou <4 
llie northern terminus of Dial country. 

In mute to Ik followed, method of execulion, and details of equi|Htieul. rov 
project presents some original feutures, Jr h*s. U j» believed, at far as cau be Judged 
III ndvauce of methods promised for a rettion where conditions ure notoriously 
mi certain, elements of simplicity utid efleitiuiH-s. and it lias met llie unqualified 
approvul of ili« bighml 
geographical mid scien- 
tific authorities. 

It is the first attempt 
to reach u high latitude 
in Greenland ftrrUiMi, 
and will he the first 
American expedition to 
utilize the Norwegian 
anow shiH', or skate, 
which 1 found «o In val- 
uable in my prt-liml- 
nary rccounolasaoets of 
the Greenland •■ iuhuid 
Ice " in lHStl. 

In lecture* before the 
I’toladelpliiik Academy 
of Nuturiil Science*, tlii* 

American Geographical 
Soriety.aml tl*e Nation- 
al Geographic Society, 
tin- project bn* been out 
lioed hrielly os follows: 

"My party, uumlier 
ing five in *ix. to arrive 
next June or early iu 
July at Whale Sound, 
lteniaiudcr of season 
to he spent lu putting 
up winter - quarter* in 
W hide Sound, laying in 
u store of meat, collect- 
ing, surveying, making 
rrconnolwinccs or the 
* inland ice," ami if the 
set-on he favorable, e * 
lahlishiug an advance 
depot of supplies near 
tl*e southern angle of 
llumbuldl Glacier. The 
winter lo In- iM-cupied 

iCuuUnunJ «• pop 3C.J 


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mav a. imi 


HARPER'S WEEKLY 


•'SSI 



Tiin troublesome thing to find any one wit 
when you hope to And her in; hut when the 
case* are reversed, it in nn embarrassing one. 
When I odd Hint the visit wn* purely formal, 
and that Ihtrnley knew neither Uia btniess uur 
ber daughter, except to bow to. you mny Imagine hie feeling* 
when the servant said. " Ye*. *ir; Mia Copley '* in the draw- 
ing-room. sir," and proceeded to help him off with Ilia COAL 

lie luil counted on Ihdr being wit. or nt least "engaged'*; 
for there vm a liig hail amt any number of dinners that 
tiiglit. and he had particularly chorea ii as an opportunity 
to leave Dumberiow cant*. It wam't precisely the thing to 
make formal calls in the evening, but people would tindcr- 
atnnd that lie uerer got upiown in the afternoon. DtVtKI, 
here wa* his evening gone, und wiili an interual groin he 
jwutsed into the Urge dimly lighted room a* the nun threw 
open tbo door ami announced, " Sir. Daruley.*' 

There wa> n quick rustling movement, and the visitor re- 
alized that bkt limit** h-vi l*cn lying down on the big divan 
by the Arc, and bad righted herself Just in time to receive 
him. “Worse and worse," lie thought; but in a moment 
they bad shaken hands. and he forgot bis embarrassment 
ancf boredom in the exciting discovery that two great tear* 
hung on the Indy * lashes Only n moment was allowed him 
In which to make this observation, for site pointed to n chair 
at some distance, and be. turning to draw it nearer, found 
on faciug her again that she sat dry cv«l and self possessed, 
with some cushions at lier buck, and every appearance of 
cal nine** and content expressed in her face and attitude. 
Whereupon Darnlcy pulled himself logellrer. 

I want to thunk you." he began, "for the delightful 
evening I spent here. 1 never i t. joyed a dnnrr more; and 
though I am not much of n dancing man myself, 1 found 
even my clumsy feet could waltz on your perfect floor to 
your perfect music." 

■' You must thank mamma for that, not me," was the an- 
swer. "It wa* her ttooi and her music," 

*’ But tire company must lmw been somewhat of your 
choosing, nml it wa* in keeping with the rest. " 

•* Smooth like the floor and sweet like the music!” And 
MlM Copley Inughed 

Darn ley had an uncomfortable feeling that she wa* laugh- 
ing ut hint, lie had not noticed her on the nlgli! they spoke 
of. having had oilier ihtere*1*. but now came id the rapid 
decision tltat site bail Hie kiwi of looks be most admired. 
But those tear*! Wbnt bad they meant! Ah I hr remember- 
ed to Imre Us id site I tad a story— a *tovy, yea. But she was 
apeak ing: 

•• I would like to know which member of the company 
moot doaerved those appellation*. Tell me— do; I would 
like to hear your opinion-” And she bout forward a jiule, 
and opened wider her long shining eyre. 

Darnlcy hud a rudimentary theory Hint long eye* and 
power* of fascination went together. loanl probably on 
some very youthful observation. or possibly a novel. 

•• I don't fwl prepared to offer tip my inclinations to lie 
dissected without sufficient inducement,'* he returned, coolly 
enough. " Imt 1 will make a contract—' " 

"All. I see'"' interrupted Mis* Copley. "I should have 
remembered that men never give to women ; they sell." And 
Stic leant hock on Irer cushion*. 

Darnlcy flushed • something lie Imd a trick of doing when 
deeply Interested; a youthful peculiarity not in keeping with 
his Kiitnewhnt aggressive o*fn-M. 

Exchange i» m> robbery." lie answered. " But let me 
thank you for your good opinion of the sex ;" and he made 
her a mock loir. 

" You admit my soft impeachment, however," she remark- 
ed, regarding him with a compowre which was stimulating, 
for it roused In him the wWi to destroy it. 

•• J«ol in the least, "Ire snid. " Blit w here a question is en- 
tirely a mutter of experience, there can he no discussion ho- 


a iti«>] near the divan and clasping his hand* round 
lilt knee* ' You can a>k me anything you like. / 
shall not be offended at the impertinence nf your 
inquire 1 ? though. 1 believe, it is a question whether a 
superior can be impertibent to all Inferior," lie ended, 
Ii '.- 

“ If they can't la? imiiertliient.llrey can la* insolent,” 
returned she; ' »n«l I shall try my band at dint. 
First, your ago? Extreme youth might excuse much.** 

” I wa* twenty eight on the 8d of January." wa* llw 
replr 

" H'm! Well. so I should have thought. Your 
OCCtllKllii.ll T' 

k- broking.” 


tween two people whore exjarkiicta differ.” And 
be. too. leant luvrk. 

Ml** Copley 's expressive eye* grew narrow as she 
looked at him — looked at him " haul. a» poojde say. 
s« though to fathom lies thought*. He was u type of 
man very generally attractive to women, heavy in 'frame 
and feature, handsome perhaps, hut uncompromising. The 
mouth, however, was sensitive, and the head good, both iff 
which furl* Miss Copley noticed. 

"My rapertMM with men bus hren Txried.'' she raid; 
" and yours, at far os ihclr relation to women are concerned, 
must t>e eon lined to a single aourte— yourself. Draw tho 
conclusion." 

** You ore clever, hut 1 consider the experience a man has 
from other men— But no: you are right, 1 suppose. As far 


than you.' 

" Of course, in many way*. I grant you your unenviable 
possession. A woman'* world to limited, especially as to 
variety iff surrounding*. Her events— shall we call them!— 
are myriad, however. It to life in the drawingroom prin- 
cipally; but the play can be exciting, though you do not 
chance tlm scene.” 

*' 1 suppose it can," replied Darnlcy. lie wasn't thinking 
of what she said, hut wondering if her story had I sen a love 
story. But of course it lied; and who had been at fault! For 
Home one most Imre been ; for here she was. ami I wre he whs, 
by good fortune or bad. and he fell somehow ns though lie 
never would be anywhere rUc— a* though, to carry out her 
metaphor, the comedy of their live* would be acted out in 
that big luxurious room, with Its soft lamp light and polish- 
ed Soon. But then Darntey often reckoned a* permanent 
his passing feeling*. 

" I believe I've been seriously thinking,” he said. breaking 
the long silence; " please forgive me for such an unwarrant- 
able solecism in n drawing-room 1 should have been chat- 
tering commonplaces, but somehow you don't provoke tlrem, 
You arc the kind iff wonun one ought to spend a day with, 
not an hour." 

Miss Copley smiled. 

*' Are you thinking." addrd Darnley. quickly, " of all the 
men wins have told you that!" 

" All <ff them! No; only of one." And she smiled again. 

'* I don't tbiuk I like that even ns well.” said tier exuding 
visitor; "since I cannot have my day to myself, I might he 
allowed my hour.” 

Her expression changed. "Would you be satisfied with 

"No: but I would lie grateful " 

“ Really, that would be something worth seeing— a grate- 
ful man I I think I will risk a whole hour of my thougnt* - 
not mv polite speeches; those were your*, at any rate— lmt I, 
myself, shall lie at your disposal . and, to begin. *-k me for 
the answer to that question which ha* been troubling you 
ever since you caron In.” 

Daruley deliberated a moment; then. "I think it resolves 
iUelf into this." was hi* unwise reply, while lie met nml held 
with bis her lustrous eyes, "could you ever cate for another 
man!’ 

There was a moment of terrible silence. 

" In asking that question you had not even the excuse of 
being in love with roe." was Mis Copley's answer, ami her 
fine expressed a sudden *cont that brought the blood to 111 * 

" You raid I might," ho pleaded, deeply ashamed. " But I 
shouldn't have raid it. 1 know ; only if you knew—" 

"How intense your curiority was, ' she finished, con- 
temptuously. acid settled lock among her cushions, nn ot- 
fcndt-tl quern. 

" I suppose I ought to go at once, and leave you to think 
me a rati for the rest of tty days." and Darn lev walked the 
length of the room. Coming lark, however, lie leant uiniiiiNl 
the mantel- piece siul looked down into the Arc. while Mi** 
Copley watched him with that intent look one sees moat lu 
the eye* of animal*. 

' 1 asked you that.” be said at last, bluntly. “ tint liecuuse 
I was curious, but because I wo* jealous, riinugli 1 am not 
in love, as you sny. Explain me to mvsclf before you con- 
demn me.’' 

" You don't give MifBcirnt data." said his young judge, 
with a half-smile which conveyed some yielding. 

" But I will— I will," retorted Darnley. waling himself on 


ihould lie more discreet than a 
your money and no questions a k- 
V our dir (•osltkvn f 


■' Bad. 
atock-broki 
«1, is their 
"Kindly.” 

-Vniiwnt.' Your temper! But I can answer that my- 
self— quick, resentful, but not ungenerous-'* 

" You are too kind.” 

" No. I mn nut; wait. Your education!” 

"Deficient. I *uppoae yon will say, so you would hare 
thought." 

"No ■operfhMWS remark* from the witnec* are in order. 
Have you many friends!" 

"Lota." 

"That is. 

you Iren in ii 

'• Once. For two wcrkF.whilc the girt was in Boston and 
I it> New York." 

•' Be kind enough to bo more accurate and lew explicit" 

'• Really, I mean it." 

" What were you doing nt our dance, then, with that 
smooth and sweet young Udv I uiw you miking to moat of 
the evening! 1 made n point of not carrying you off and 
making use of you because you looked so conn-in rated." 

' ' 1 was having a very good lime. One doesn't have to be 
in Itta to have iImU.” 

"No: but one should be iu love, with your manner; it's 
a trifle brutal if you haven't any excuse. I simple advise 
vou. by-the-way, not to ignore the whole room, unless you 
have some good muon. But to return; you say you've only 
been in love once. Well, then, do you flirt much! I sup- 
pose t lint's wluU you call it!" 

•• Well, yes; I tried to stop a while ago. but women—' " 

" VT III Imvv it, I suppose. I see. Well—” 

" I won't answer any more questions ; it Isn’t fair, ” 

" Yes. you will; but I hod better have hunted up nn old 
‘character’ book, as they used to call them, where they ask 
twenty question*, awl consider themselves master of your 
Hill. It nlwav* began, • What i* your favorite flower?' 

I propose. 1 ' s«id Darnley, taking note of tire glossy black 
braids arranged nt the lack of Iwr trend, and inwardly giving 
up hi* allegiance to fair women, "tliat we both answer lire 
questions, and as a concession I will answer first. My 
favorite flower is lire Cape jasmine; 1 have Just found it 
out. You look exactly like oil#;" and bo looked straight at 
her. 

"If I eliose my flower on the same principle, it would hike 
me too long to hunt It up. You are not floral." To herself 
she adtled, maliciously. "You nre florid.” and lier*mih' con- 
veyed sonietliiug of her thoughts, for Darnlcy smiled back 
at her. a sweet smile that begged kind treatment and depre- 
rated ridicule. " To go oil." said Mbs Copley: "your favor- 
lie author and your favorite poet Y' 

" One cun 'l haul them out of one’* pocket like a couple of 
revolver*. I core for so many. All iff the big men. I can’t 
pick "lit one, hut for Rttb IfHU Iwl U H IW of my own, I 
think I am fond of somo sonnet* by it man culled Gray, 
wlio died years ngo. I was rending them Inst night. And I'm 
read a couple of novel* I enjoyed immensely in the lust 
inoulb— one called Port of the /Vupsrfjr. by some woman; and 
the other was Thr Mvrfymiur. by Mrs, Siishlnnl." 

" Don't go on.” Intrrposcd Mis* Copley. with tome excite- 
ment " I lore David Gray. 1 cared immensely for tltat first 
book, mid 1 revelled in the second. But did you like 
IVrwu, And the next leu Winnies were occupied with 
nn interchange of vevy sympathetic comment on and criti- 
cism* of the novels of the day, ending up with Kipling, as a 
mutter of course. 

Then Mis* Copley broke off. and raid: " We mustn’t slick 
at hook*; let's find ’our other bonds. To proceed: your fa- 
vorite hero!" 

" I used to have a perverted liking for Tbemisloclcs when 
I wa* It boy, and as nil outcome. 1 suppose. I am now pu»- 
aesreil of a" sneaking adoratintt of Nap'ireon.” 

Miss < 'opley held out her bond. “ Rcallr, we are one und 
the sanre person." sire raid. liut withdrew utr Ungers before 
be eouhl take them. "What to your favorite name tor a 
woman!” 

"That is indeed a poaor;" and Darnley turned toward 
tire fire, wondering wbnt Ml** Copley's mime might t*e 
" Margaret, pi.flinpa,” »lie sugm-slevl. with a meaning 
laugh. Then added, brazenly. " Would it help you to know 
mine?'' „ . _ 

Daraloy stare.1 at her Uiaughtfuily. ' kour DHII i* Zu- 
lcika.or it nuglit to be." 

"llurdlv But that will do tor i 
man's name?*' 


And i 


382 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., SO. 17X 


“Ah. no.” wa* the young nxati'* answer. 
'* You muni tell me your choice In that." 

lie was observant vni’iuicli to see her mo- 
bile expression change from animation to 
dream i liras. but could think of no why or 
wherefore, 

"Mr fnvorite name for a moo.” she re- 
turned, speaking slowly, mid looking put 
him into the dunk Mint Iny beyond the lamp- 
light— “my favorite name for a mini ist'ris- 

" Crispin!" be repealed In surprise. "Wbot 
an mill fancy!" 

••Jl mean*, ’with curled Irair.' " She gave 
the information with a tender little smile, 
ns though it MUUsed yet ItHiclieil her. 

" The only tnatt 1 ever knew culled Cris- 
pin." -mil Dutrih-y, looking into tlx- lire. 

' ' wa>. the friend of a frieml of mine. Ik fellow 
vailed Davetmnt— Crispin Davetum. I new 
did know him myself, to I mi nceuntte. hut 
iny friend knew him very well, autl liked 
him — liked hint awfully." 

"Whore did be know him?" asked Mis* 
Copley. She had leaned her small bead back 
amtin.i the cushion*, nod her voice rumc to 
him low ami sweet. 

•• Down South. They wm both spending 
llte winter there, anil they got to know each 
ut bar very well before Jack ram® up. Dave- 
mint was not strong; one nf thusc active sth- 
letic men tlmt co like flowers. It whs very 
sjuI. lie hud I wen thrown over by a girl, 
for no reason that he knew. HeHiotighl 
there was Rime woman ir> it. hut never under- 
sIchkI , she wouldn't let him. The last lime 


they met after their hrvnh was at a party, 
saw tier. and got away from the girl lie 


He 


dancing willi to speak to hen; lad when be 
asked iier to dance, she refuted, and the way 
she looked at him mode him know that any 
attempt to get ill her would he like turning 
the knife in the wound Those were his 
own words; I icmeuiber my friend's telling 
me." 

Mha Copley sat tip, and putting her hand 
iictims heT eyes, os tin inch to shut out the 
light, spoke again. " Did lie love her still?" 
■he asked. 

“ Love her! He simply I hr. light of nothing 
else, Jack ssid. it wu* n kind of worship. 
He would sit for hours with ills bead In hU 
hands In a kind of dumb agony, ami then 
wsmler through lire pln>v like a lost spirit. 
No one noticed him much; they thought he 
had a mania for walking anil drivingand rid- 
ing. It was nil terribly sad. Jack ssid; he 
whs such a splendid fellow." 

" r«ir said MU* Copley. 

*• Yes. He died lid week. heart-broken. 
I *uppmc his main-spring w asu'l very strong, 
and it snapped. " 

Darnley. w ho had l»-en looking into the 
Are. was silent a moment, but now turned to 
hi- companion. “ It was a stupidly sad story 
to tell you," lie said. 

Ur* face had Ixvn covered by her wlilte 
hands, and as she withdrew them, he saw her 
cheek was like hooW. 

" Don’t take things to lirart like thnt.” he 
said, with some tenderness. " What will you 
have left for tire things which really touch 
yon!" 

"What, indeed !" exclaimed Mb* Copley, 
almost hoarsely And getting up. ah* brushed 
by him. and went to the piano, which stood 
open at the end of the room. She played it 
wait*, nod Darnh-y. Mantling so he rmild 
watch her. thought her almost beautiful. 

" I never heard that music. " ho said. 

" No? she answered. aloentlr. " 1 have 
danced to It many, many time-* * And slip- 
ping into another tune, she finished with a 
crash nf chords, ami looked up ni hint as lie 
stood leaning against the piano " We for- 
got our question*, didn't we!" she said, with 
a faint smile. "We will finish them some 
otlier time," 

" I* that tnv conge!" replied Darnley. with 
a kind of tctnW reproach in hi* voice. * ' Ix-t 
me Hay awhile longer. I want )<m to care a 
little whether i cook- again or no I am ln?- 

r nning to think that the impossible question 
asked you bad something |iropbeile In It. 1 
have never seen any otic *•> utterly bewilder- 
ing I want—" 

■ You waut !" she repented, proudly Ami 
looking at him. nnnlbrr fare came before her 
eye* mid shut him out — a fair Nnromn face, 
with eyra as blue as the Mediterranean. 
“Hyperion to a sntyr," was her passionate 
inward comment, cruel and unfair to Darn- 
Icy a* it might In* 

"Am I presumptuous T" Lie fullered, ami 
ns be gazed nt la-r be had a fancy tliat two 
tear*, dipping tightly from her lashes, fell on 
the ground between litem, and wise re they 
fell n green hedge sprang up to separate her 

"I was rude Forgive ror," said Mis* 
Copley. "What do you want! Very pos- 
sibly something 1 should be glad to give you;" 
and she smiled at him. 

I waul to he allowed to try to mnkc you 
like me. Really. I mean, pcrbnp* — perhaps " 
— bo continued, and hi* anient eyes l>. traced 
hi* wish. 

Looking into them with an unfaltering 
sweetness. she -hook her bcml. ' It isn't 
worth while I will lie frank with you— 
Utterly frunk, a« one sehhwn U. Ifci you re- 
member the line. 1 In nil your wide warm 
earth I have no pwrt't n ell it’* like that. 
1 am all purl of lire peiM— all of me— all. 
You’ll Dud some charming creature, quite 
fresh and all your own, and 1 shall be glad 
whenever I hear of it Don’t be foolish," 
she went on. lew gently, as Danrlev began a 
rcscuUul protest. ” Doul be dull. Dual 


you see. I am not for you?" And she made 
a gesture ** though to free herself from a 
gulling feller. 

Tin* green living wall of Darn ley’s fancy 
hod turned to stone; vet. maildrned by her 
ituicreadbilUy, lie tried once more to scale it. 

’• May I not come nnd sev you! May 1 
nut—" 

” N«.’ said Miss Copley, coldly. 

She was possessed with a memory of two 
Wrong baud-* lidding her* as In a vise, close, 
close. Why had Ik; let tbcm go! Oh, to be 
alone and think! 

Darnley walked to the door. "In that 
caw;, "lie said, gravely, "1 will liid you good- 
ulght." Aud lie |mweil into the hull. 

Cutting on liiscoui. be felt a touch upon hit 
shoulder. and saw her standing beside him. 

"I want to »*k you a question." tke nur 
muml. her brenlli coming quick "Did 
your friend tell you where ilr. Davenant 
ws* hurled!" 

Darnley looked at her. “In AlhvOlc,” 
lie answered. aod went out of the huune into 
the street, atwl turned toward borne. 


THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM 
OK ART. 

BY Hits. M. tt. VAX NKXWtCLAEK 

" Come in." »uy the open doors of our 
Museum of Art. "11110 delight your eyes with 
tilings of beauty. Come in. and tee how the 
nation* of the world, from stiff old Egypt to 
crude young Columbia, have pul themselves 
<hi record tu that many- branched language, 
spoken liv Uie linger tips to Ihe eye. which 
faithfully tell* what each of tbeiu ha* fell, 
loved, believed. Imagined, and desired. Come 
in to rest from today, to learn about yes- 
teiday. and, if } ou too work w ills your Angers, 
to grixin help for your bilioni of to-morrow “ 

This Invlialloii is gladly accepted by so jits 
of thousand- whose opportunities for pica 
Sure aud self instruction are very Kant, ami 
when win.lom and philanthropy shall have 
secured it* utterance ou Sundays also, still 
greater and still more eager crowds will 
come, 

But once within tire doors of Hie museum, 
how fares the visitor whose knowledge of 
url is there to be gained! l'rolnibly be cil 
ter* with the belief tlmt lie ought to he 
Interested by all he seas. -Surely- he will 
not be. 

Firs* of all he I* confused by Id* Ignorance 
of the fact thnt interest nerd not always mean 
great admiration; be don not know ibal Ihe 
value of some work* of an is historical rather 
than Intrinsic, that the purpose id a mux-urn 
is to show no* only forms of pure ami finished 
beauty. hut alio the milestone* thnt linvu 
marked the different roads along w hich men 
have struggled toward there forms. In no 
ideal muaeum be would not And it difficult, 
granted a little good guidance, to sbeotli this 
truth; mid learning » list deserve* unstinted 
admiration and who* dixn not. with the ele- 
mentary reasons why. bis interest in the im- 
perfect ns iu the flues* things would grow at 
every step. 

But oura is not an ideal museum Gen- 
erosity, cnetgy, and public spirit bave Oiled 
its great room* with surprising qalekMSS. 
But Americans have yet to learn that speed 
does not always mean true progress, that to 
acquire i* not always in the true aen*e 10 
gain. With the Imperfect things which have 
a vulkl title to their places in our muwurn 
stand a multitude which might better be un- 
der another roof, and some which under any 
roof would only do discredit to the name of 
art. The lm(ierfectlo*i tlmt means iui early 
stage in a magnificent line of development Is 
sbijwu by such works as the Kgiorinn reliefs, 
dimly anticipatory of llmee that the Fart he- 
iiou was to wear; and the imperfection that 
means Ihe blind effort of » race which never 
did or could srivunre much further Is re 
vtaltd by the niuiosl formic** carving* of 
aboriginal Americans, instructive because of 
their very fnrtulniMifw* Thing* of both tlwec 
klu<l*u public museum ought tal pome**. Hut 
should it tacitly my of inferior works pro- 
duced iu limes of full development. TktM (-•*» 
hart Ihrir nil nr f Fur example: if the Met- 
ropolitan Museum ilcrote* a place tu modern 
statues, we have a right to look for some- 
thing 1 *-t ter than a collection of stupid or 
futile work*, aiuid which it would be hard to 
chouse tin; worst did not the uioiiumeul to 
Edgar A. Foe n»*ert itself so painfully, amid 
which there is only one of genuine excel 
Waco, Uie recently acquired " Bohemian " of 
Mr. Bartlett. It should no* give up yard* 
and yards of precious wall space to modem 
picture* which merely shuw lu»w modern 
■nen might not to paint. And while dis- 

K ng a fine Mvies of casts to tell how meu 
built in various beautiful ways, it should 
not have constructed a HiHoT Ancient Sculp- 
ture where the lighting is bad. and where 
painted, varabdied wooden columns pretend 
to be black marble, 

Let u* fancy ouim-I vp* making it first vixlt 
to the museum, and lacing guided nliout lay a 
friend who knows it well. The (rail 1 have 
just named fc» the one where we enter. We 
need not delay here long, for its reries of 
casts, now antall. i* *iaon to lac greatly en- 
latged; hut tlw Willard collection of arehi 
trt iiintl rw*t*. Ailing the grml rrnlnil ball. U 
»l rcaily so flue that 1 am tem pud to tail it 
Uie museum » most valuable pcnweitslun— so 
interesting, that mon; than one visit might 
well be devoted to it alone. If we care for 
lace*, for musical instruments, for Venetian 
gloss, for UrleuiaJ pottery, or for Egyptian 


niummk'S mid the myriad small abjrets 
whirh Imre tbcm company in their rock- 
hewn tombs. we may study them in good eul 
lections The King colled mu of engraved 
gems is famous, the I.iuuuiis eidlcetion of 
fail?, miniatures, and Utber precious thing* 1 * 
delightful , the new cnlleetion at Jupsoeic 
awurds is protnbly tlie beat iu Uie Otxudeutal 
world . arid the Hiker colks t ion of Egyptian 
embroideries and woven stuff* is surely with- 
out u rival. Here the modern artisan tuay 
And fresh and helpful suggest iuo* for hi* 
own Work ; hut it is not So with the reproduc- 
tion* of gold and silver ware to which a 
whole gallery ha* been allotted No one 
would cure to see many of these examples 
studied a* model* for today. 

In Uie Vanderbilt collection of drawings 
by the old mailers our guide points out u 
few for admiration, but the majority make 
him wonder who dared attribute them to 
web famous hands. What a mistake it was 
to fill even a small alcove with Mr. Richard*'* 
water-colors! But. ou the other hand, it wo* 
a very w ise idiot to devote a room to memo 
liul*. chiefly portrait*. of Washington, Frank- 
lin, nnd Lafayette. Some of them are gro- 
tesquely funny; hut these are just the ones 
that tfaimtld Increase popular reverence for 
Hie founders of our re-public, showing that 
even ihe Euro|cau peasant uud the Chinese 
artisan knew of their fame and craved their 
likeness. Here again we learn how histori- 
cal interest inny give genuine Importance to 
things w Ikhmi intrinsic worth as works of art 
is extremely smalL 

In one place we flud a tiny alcove filled 
with wrought - iron. This we wish were 
larger, for there ho* recently been a "revi- 
val " in our use of iron, aud a good chance 
to learn how it ho* been used hr those who 
have best underatood its possibilities Would 
1 m- extremely Mpful. Near it MaiwU a lug 
altar piece of enamelled pottery which ought 
to ia«r Andrea Dells Robbia's name Instead 
tif I. mil’*, while the photograph* that sur- 
round It ought not to tie labelled as showing 
the work of the "Della Robbia brother*.' 1 
Andre* was Luca's uejdiew. nnd between 
them they did far more- to make the family 
name illustrious than did Andrea’s group of 

What now will our guide tell us of the 
Cesnula collections, which were the llret of 
importance lbs* the museum acquired? lie 
need not reopen the old questi-m as to how- 
far their worth Is Itnpulred by the fact Ural 
many of their finest objects went lo Euro- 
pean luusct* -IS, Of by the belief that some 
of those we sec were "restored" In for- 
bidden ways. It is more- urcdful for u* to 
know that we need not try to cultivate our 
sense of beaut v by the contemplation nf Cy- 
prian work* 0 / art. Their value is great but 
it is distineily of the historical kind. They 
appr.sl to the nrttst and lo Ihe simple lovi-r 
of art far leu* Ihxn to the are hteoluglst, rejoi- 
cing that he has found a link between the art 
of Urere-e am’ llto*.- curlier developments in 
Egypt and Assy ria from which it sprang. 
Therefore they are of far Irws importance 
here tlmn in countries where comparative 
method* of study can la-tter be applied lo 
them. Cyprian art should, of course, be rep- 
resented in our museum, Imt it is represent- 
ed with a redundancy thnt fatigues even tile 
specialist. A few score statues, heads, vases, 
nnd lamp* would have sufficed, os in ui: these 
hundred* we see a constant reiteration of lire 
rams types, the same Ideas. The glass from 
Cyprus a, however, a veritable treasure In 
Du museum in the world (xiulil we see so 
many fine specimen* df antique glass; aud 
while it lent, he* something in n-gurd to good 
form, it detighu by Its endless display of the 
iridescent, gorgeous culms with wliirb na- 
ture’s underground agencies have coated it. 

Hut if wc are like Hie majority of tlw- mu- 
seum's visitors, we shall I* IU couleot until 
wc see its picture collect ions. These were 
twgun at nearly the samp time that iho (Ys- 
uohs collections were bought, by the por- 
dwse of n gallery of old Dutch mid FJcmlbh 
works. Lnfrinuimtely it likewise proves 
that it 1* a mlHlnkc tu acquire tilings in loo 
wholeaule a fashion. Gen 11 indy valuable are 
the bold sketch of Milk- Uohlx- (No. 51). 
which I* n'trihuted tu Fran* llals. but nuv 
Imre Ua-u puinted by one of his suits. Vau 
dor Heist’s «:>ber pottralt of a burgomaster 
(No 44|; Hie young girl in a brown dress, by 
De Vo* (No. 1 4 1 ; the study by Greuse (N o 4). 
nnd perhaps two or three of tlieir compan- 
ion*, and a year or two ago Mr. Morgan gave 
an admirable triple portrait by Sir Joshua 
Reynold* which draw much to enliven the 
room . But. for tlie most part, its picture* are 
■ lismn]. mechanical, sod third rate. tlHHigh 
often baptized with high -nounding name*. 
If we are UDlnippy In tlieir cuinpauy, we need 
not despair of learning to like the old masters. 

We can teal ourselves better in the adjacent 
rOOO. where w>- fiuil tllON which Mr. M*r- 
quand has given. Once more good thing* 
are mingled with poorer one*, uml great 
names arc sometimes usod with skmdci war- 
rant. Our guide will Dot ask 11 s lo lMdicve 
that Holbein palmed thin ArcJildtbop Crau- 
mcr, Franx Hal* this portrait of two gentle- 
men Leonardo this portrait of u linly, or Rem- 
brandt ibis “Adoretloa "f tbs Bbsplimris. 
Nor will lie let us be content with these two 
gray and heavy Constables as fully reveal- 
ing the famuli* Englishman’* power. But 
he will lild ns trust die evidence us regards 
half a dozen other Englishmen. He will 
point out a very line Franx Hals In this big 
portrait of n man. and a «itl flm t one where 
this portly jovial doznu smiles from the bu Id- 


ly brushed canvas. He w-ill *bnw u* an ex- 
cedent and funtito* work of Rctubraudt’* lm> 
fH-riral in this Lnusdowne |«wtniii, and ur 
1 Ini* Do single figure could better show ihe 
taU-ul of the most graceful and refined of l:| 
r-ortralt -pAinters than does this Duke id 
lK-iiox,” by Yandyck. lie will tell u* to 
h-arn aoineih I it; ofvelasquex. cspeeially f mm 
the (•wuiiful (virirait of » little boy.aml will 
cull <‘uyp’s muiiII landsen|ie a treasure. Van 
der Meet » inlerbir a pearl of price. ami mnny 
of tlieir companion* excellent and delightful 
works. 

Yet while Sir Havemeycr * loans still tv- 
innin ui the museum, nur guide enn take us to 
at ill finer Ibliqri Purely the two must won- 
derful pictures in America are Pieter i> 
Hough's rich anil glowing " Dutch lulerior ' 
nnd Ketnbrajidt's ’’ GUder.” with its union of 
perfect drawing .-rail perfect color, of bread 
effect uud full detaiL 

Wc have heard s great deal of the Wolf* 
collection of modern painting*. We are dis- 
appointed when wc we It. if we know at all 
wiiat modern paiuting mrans. Nciilrer mon- 
ey nur pain* were tqaired in its formation, 
aiid u 1 me and generous wish for the peo- 
ple's benefit inspired it* lirelowal. But 144 
caovases. If nluered with lev* regntxl for 
tlw- ]KL«*iug fame that mediocre arti-i* to 
ra-ilv win. might have given a much more 
wholwomr mol lasting kind of pleasure. 
The two Mi-iuHUiicr* (New. 03 nnd K4). Hie 
Craot (No. 60 1 . lire Troyon (No. 22). lire Ue 
rfime (Nix 4d), and the Rargue (No. SO) do 
IimIihmI deserve perpetual enshrinement in a 
public museum; for although not among tlie 
greatest masterpieces of the great men who 
painted them, they adequately represent their 
talent. But in tlie pictures by Diaz. Dupre. 
Daubigny, and Rousaeuu wc see men of 
equal rank In work that Is fur inferior to 
ilieir best. Jules Hreum. Isnhcy. Mnukaoy. 
Couture, and Decninpa ure artist* of lower 
rank, hot are- nl«i eniltlrel to a place and are 
well explained. The little pictures by Dis 
mingo. Fa-Ini, Villegas, and De Mesgrigny 
are charming things lo h>i>U at. and *n ure 
the wnTcr colors Sir Memvitm-r Fortuny, 
I/;loir, Vibert, Rohllnl. and Dflaillr. Bin 
neither Itona Honheur, Van Marrke, Rico. 
Froim-inln, Rnybet. Alfivd Stevent, Vibert. 
Vullun, Honnat, nor Drtnille ran la; fully sp- 
preclated in the (mintlnga that tl«-y contrib 
ute. anil many o:her*. who are really repre 
reutisl by their best Work, never did any work 
goral enough to bs kepi forever before ibe 
puldie eye. 

We »liall find the inudetn pictures that 
have ci une from other sources more intereM- 
ing and instnictivc. They loo teweb the ks- 
»-jn that riwre geue rosily, uoclwcked bv a 
stem critical m-hm-, will never form no ideal 
niiiseum collection- Such canvases, bow 
e»«r. ** Ra.Mn.-n I>ep*ir*’s “Jeanne I**r " 
Manet's "Boy with the Sword." and Lf- 
rolk-s •’ Organ Rehearsal, "a* Rum Rorilwur's 
" Horae Fair," and her brother * " Forest of 
Fontainebleau." ax Meimunler’s " Friesllanil." 
Fortuny* “Spnnbb Lady.” llarpignieti't 
“ Muotirise.” Detaille's ’ ’ Defence of (liani- 
plgny.’' and Dannat’s "Qualuor." might 
struggle against much mure uncongenial 
surroundingo. and yet make their value and 
their Individuality clear These indeed sre 
pii lures that a public museum ought to own 
—representative works of representative meu. 
loo iii ip. -i tu nt lobe srt'ludnl in private homes 
anil too large lo he well dl-playcd there. But 
mure blgncw and mere show loess ought nev- 
er again to la 1 allowed lo Haim whole walls 
in our run -cum Wc want no more things 
like Bctteznr’s "Columbus," or Hans Ma- 
kurt’* " Pinna at tlie Cbnsc.” 

Each year the lt*4 of American plctii»<* 
ha* grown steailily if slowly. To-day tbr 
incut n.-niurkah!i' one we uwn is Dauuat’s 
" Qnatimr." with its strong nnd spirited per 
Iraval of Stvinrih Mr re l singers, it would 1m- 
well If a future day could bring Sargent'* 
Spunidi cafe dancer from llraton to he hung 
beside it. MoH uf the Amcricau pictures of 
an earlier lime titan ours have small in 1 1 mur 
merit. Hut once more our guide may plctnl 
historical rate test in their behalf They show , 
as European pictures of the same date do 
not. the tentative since* of a new; national 
development ; and *« this development is our 
own. there is a double excuse for their pres 
emilniL 

These and many other things our guide 
will sliuw as, nnd wlierever we stand he will 
tell u* This is very good; this i*. not *0 good, 
this is uni g-.nxl at all, (his you will Irani 
to like If you can appreciate nit at all; ami 
Hint yon tirast study if you want (n sec how 
men have tried lo reach their ideal*. But a 
patient cicerone is Irani to find, nnd thus we 
c>. me buck to tlie question ] put in the begin 
tiing: How i* lire average vbltor to know 
a; what be should look first or longest? Ilow 
is he to learn tlw proper wny to look at all! 
Who U io counsel Hie great multitude that 
conic to the Metropolitan Museum with ig- 
norant eyes but eager minds! 

Tin? answer seems to dictate Itself lie 
who waul* really to Is- inMructrd must buy 
the liaml-hooks provided fur bis guidance 
I'ufortnnatrly this answer cannot l«r given. 
Every student knows that a small, even * ro- 
ilinM-iuary. eollrcthMi properly catalogued i» 
far mure iniercMiiig and instnictivc than a 
large one abnol winch nuthlngcnn be Irani 
«l; and every competral niu-euni ilirertor 
ai ta syNtematically on lids kitowiedge, Tlw 
object* in Mime of our collection*, notably 
the archklecUiral cnsls, are carefully labelled 
But ev*-n If this were the case everywhere 
in lim museum, full, honest, and wisely crit- 



jlAY 23. IBM. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


teal catalogues would Mill be absolutely ok- 
M-ntlnl A few w<-ek» (.go I purchased nil 
that could be had: there «u not a single 
Imnd-book. there wife only live thin little 
catalogue*. ami tbe quality of these proved 
to be so poor ili at I could not wbh llsclr num- 
ber greater. Wort* of all i* the one which 
purport* to explain the Marquuml collection 
of pointings. It is childish In the cbnrartrr 
of [t« criticism", and constantly rrmnn.in iu 
its statements of simple fuel*. Even for Ivan 
collection* w hit It are to ln*t only a few tucks 
tlie Boston Museum of Fine Art* often iatucs 
band books tbnt Unnerve to be kept un •me'* 
riu-lf a* valuable nid« to future study. Sure 
ly n r might to have such for our permanent 
collection*. I have dwelt let* upon the value 
of these taken nil together thun on the fact 
that they vary much in character and quality, 
because I wanted to show how goat U in- 
deed the maewHjr thut we should have lit MB 
explained to us. Tbit is a fur mure Imperii 
tive ttwl than the enlargement of our huild- 
ing or the multiplicatiim of it* contents. 
I mil It I* satisfied, tbe Metropolitan Museum 
will not become the thing it was inrnnt to be 
ansi purport* to ije. Today it i* a place 
where intinhc pleasure may l»- taken; it is 
not yet in the Into sense un educationnl in- 
ultution. Tbe school it aupjsitts tiudotibt- 
edly doe* good work; ii» m h cnllri-lions 
might do mucii more, were their powers of 
teaching properly brought into play. 


TIIE ARCTIC EXPEDITION. 

((fenflMoef /rmm fnff *W) 
in fitting sledges, clothing, mid travelling 
equipment, Mini in nvowsli.se and 'skier' 
practice, for which live head or Whale Sound 
ts well adapted 

Next spring four or five of the party will 
atari over the 'inland ice' to Humboldt Glacier 
with full sledge*. leaving one or two in charge 
of the house. If favorable progress Is made, 
the party will goon from Humboldt Glacier 
to the bend of I’etermiuin Fjord. Here a 
second depot will Ik- established, and two or 
three of tlie [airly with full siedgre will push 
on. the Others returning with light sledge* to 
Whale Sound. 

"The advance pirty will push utt from 
Petenuann Fjord to tbe head of Slverwnl Oil 
borne Fjord, establish a dermt there; tlreiree 
to live bead of De Long Fjord. otithlUh a 
depot: tlwtvce to the northern Icrininus of 
Greenland. Tbk* [mini reached ami deter 
mined, the advance party will ratface it* 
step* to Whale Sound, taking up the various 
depot*, and wire the flrrf opportunity to re 
turn home.'' 

The whole theory of this project L hared 
upon tbe fact that the Interior of smith and 
middle Greenland is known to I*- covered 
with un uninterrupted he cap. amt tin.' more 
than probability that ns north Greenland the 
condition* are tbe ssme. atui tlie ice tap prac- 
tically cncxletihUe with Hie- lnmi 

This it* cap, except at the etlgr »* covered 
more or less deeply w Itb snow.aml on return- 
ing fmm bi* Jon me v into the iuteriov in land 
tin- writer stvhxl this unbroken mow surface, 
for a proper? v equipped piirlv .the ' iui|* rial 
highway of inner Ore-cnland/' mid is lrelirvtd 
to be the first to advocate its advantage* a* 

a route by which to reach and determine 
the northern terminus of Greenland in the 
quickest, safest, mid must ecoiiotu trill ittiui 
uer *' 

The spcrinl advantage* claimed for till* 
plan are: 

Tlie poMibility of laying it straight count 
from point to point, with the ccrtninty that 
no tidal crack or chain of heaped - up Ice 
will comiM-l n long detour, or slop all further 
advance; llmt every foot travelled t* a font 
advanced, and the nnflVtiH Mmuce lilt 
nothing can happen to cut off Hie retreat. 

The even and unvarying character of live 
■nrfacc to lie traversed, trad the gain in light- 





mm 

ffi 

SH 



m 

Iu 

■i 


MAl* SHOWING LLElIfc" A.N7 l*LAHV » ntUNtU) HOI U. 


ncM, of sledges and equipment, and rapidity 
of advance resulting therefrom. 

The length of seasou (at Iruot six II souths) 
during which "bulging may he prosecuted 
The facilities dial the ' uuuulnk*. - or isl- 
and mountain top*, which project above the 
"inland ir*"nl distance* varying front two 
or three to forty miles from the edge of tbe 
icr. offer for forming depot* of provision* 
Depots placed on tlrere "uunalalu - tire 
safe from the nttacks of bean or other uni 
utaKaud the " nuustuk " itself forms a nroni- 
inent landmark by w hiiji to recover the depot. 

Tire exceptional value of the elevation of 
the route in accurately charting the crau-t and 
detecting the existence of Hart northerly land 
or land* From tbe height* of the ire cup, 
with miles of the const Iving like a map be- 
low. It can be elutrted wftlt nil accuracy and 
rapidity unknown to one toiling from hend- 
huid to bcudUnd along the *ea- shore. 

Tl*e main *t»y» of equipment, outride of 
the otvlinnry item* of sleeping hags, concern 
trated fooils. etc., on which reliance is pi wed 
to accomplish my object, are special sledge* 
of the type uvhI hy me in my former trip, 
Imt lighter and longer. Indian kiuiw shoe*, 
ami " *ki<-r," or Norwegian snow shoe*. 

Tire light iu which the project Is viewed 
by some of our highest scientific mid gro- 

H pbiral authorities may be seen from the 
owing extracts from letter* I hove re- 
ceived. 

President C. (*. Adam*, or I be gengraphi- 
cal department of the Brooklyn |uslitnte,*itys: 
" Having exnmiueil the various failures of 
the plan which you desire to carry out, *c 
lire of the opinion that it particularly com- 
mend* iLself for these, among oilier reasons: 
•' We believe that authotme* upon arctic 
explnntlion are agreed that the next impor- 
tant work in Hull direction Is to complete lire 
nsappitig of Greenland. niid in particular to 
osrerloin its northern limit ; linil it is most 
desirable to curry out explorations on tlw 
northern const line similar to those which 
Holm recently nccomplbdied. anti which Ry- 
der Is about to continue on the unexplored 
vast coast, under tlie auspices of tbe Danish 
government. 

"All authorities, we believe, share the 
opinion of Greely, Nans, and Markham. 
tli.it It is almost Itopcki* to expect Hist much 
If auy more call Is- done toward drlining tbe 
ii.irtltem coast of Greenliiud by the difficult 
K'da-viti riiautH'l route than ha* already been 
ar.umjilislreii iu that directiou. 

" Your own successful journey on tlie " iu- 
Intid icr." the performance of NordetiskjOhTs 
I.iipio, mid the achievement of Nniiseii. seem 
to furnish conclusive evidence of the availa- 
hility of the grenl inner ice plain for long 
sledge Journey", and a reasonalde pcobaMUty 
that they afford the he*t. if not the only, pos- 
sible route hy which tlie null lino extension 
of Greenland may Im defined. 

" While we believe Hie exploration and 
mapping of the north end of Greenland are 
cuds *o desirable as to Justify the expedition, 
oilier result* of much interest soil seieutific 
value relating to physical condition* and 
phenomena iu that untrodden region would 
probably lie attained, and tlie scientific Mad v 
of the Gape York native* thus far neglected, 
iiimI which wr uudcrstnml to lie one of your 
purposes, could not fail to lie a* rich in re- 
sults n* tbo recent eiliunhigieul rraeatcbea of 
Holm un tbe coast of Grtrulattd. ' 

Professor F- W Putnam, secretary of tlie 
A mcrtcan A**ociuiiou for t lie Ad vancemnit of 
Science, utid heoii of the Denartmcot of Eth- 
tiugraplty of tlie (‘olumhinn Kxpiwition. soys: 
■■ I anve rend your plan with much inter- 
est. and it "cent* to me that jour expedition 
1" so carefully planoi-d that, joined with your 
former experience iu the Nortli. it must in- 
sure sucetw*. . • . 

"The principle of pressing on with n small 
parly iu you r final push to the North seems to 

•• Should you reach tlw northernmost point 
of Greenland, it* I confidently bcHeve you 
will, who can predk-t the 
problem* you may be able to 
solve hy oltservations tuiule 
from that distant point F* 
I'resldetit Daly, of the Amer- 
ican Geographical Society. 
vay«: 

"I feel great, interest ill 
your contemplated expedition 
fur iletermintng the nnrtbcrn 
limit of Greenland overland. 

"The plan you propose to 
adopt shows Hint yon have 
carefully cunaideirea the un- 
dertaking Your experience 
in your past explorations has 
been of great service in en- 
abling you to foresee dilDcul- 
iil'S that may arise, and how 
to surntouul them. 

*' 1 especially approve of the 
nmall number of persona that 
•re to compose the expedi- 
tion. . . . 

"I believe, rooteovpr, that 
what is now to lie gained iu 
the arctic will la- by expedi- 
tions hy hind, and not by wa- 
ter. especially in what you pro- 
pose to efcrrialn— the north- 
ern limit of Greenland. I be- 
lieve that it can be done, and 
that it will not be more diffi- 
cult than Dr. ilun.M-u's rerenl 
Journey urnea Greenland, if 
well planned and judiciously 
earned out. 


"1 entirely agree in what you say. that It 
will lie easier to explore Greenland from the 
inside than from tlie outside, 'through grind- 
ing ke-fiehU or along a raggtsl coast.' An 
accurate knowledge of Gres-ulanil i* very de- 
sirable. . , . 

" It muy lae, uImo. that in tlie iiortlient part 
tut opportunity will he affordtsl for M inlying 
glacier movi meiil oil u large etale, wbk-h iu 
that quarter i* of iulemt, mid limy "bed light 
upon tbe diteriioti of the movement* of gia- 
ck-rs iu tin- glar-trr sge. am) u|miIi otlo-r ipn.-s- 
lions relating to tin- inllnenee of huciudity 
upon their fornMtkm. tha cane* of tluiir 
movement in the post over laigc area* iu dif- 
ferent directions, null nuey uiiier questhuiM, 
now that theories llmt lure hitherto is-i u 
accepted are quesliom-d ijpun tile discovery 
of new? facts, and where tire whole subject of 
Iheve plienoniriia, in reinBectiou with the un- 
ture and cm: v* of lire pbysiitd cliauge» llmt 
have taken place upan the carlli* Mirfacc, 
has become one of earnest inquiry.'" 

Tim Acudcinyof Naiurtil Hciem-ea of Will- 
adelpbia entiorsc* tlie projrrl in the follow- 
tug terms, over the signature of it* lute dis- 
tinguished president, |)r Joseph la-lily, om- 
of the lliu*l cuiiiieii! seieulisl* in the country: 

"The .Vcademy of Natural ScliuitxfS of 
l'biliulel|>liiii. listing li.m plnml brfonr it a 
projert fin lire exploration of the norths ml 
const of Gr.-culai.it hy It, E I Vary. L.S.N.. 
with tile titsin object of ilett-rmiliing the 
farthest extension aortbwtlld of that region, 
desires to express its interest in the couirlti- 
plntcd explotuliuii. 

" A|sut from lire solution of the weighty 
geographical problem which is involved in 
ihv determination of lltl* oortbvru boundary, 
it is conliilently l*-Heveil that result* only 
scrotal in importance to this wmild lie oh 
tiuiwsl for other depart nteui* of m-Icucc a* 
Weil. The Anulrtuy of Natural Science* uf 
I'hllmli lpii.u deeilvs to qwcially empltaslre.- 
iil this conncctkm tire depart incut* of gcoh^y 
and ethnology. . . . 

"The small personal risk Is a feature 
which especially pretent* itre-lf to favor." 

Tlie luleresl and favorultk- imprevdou 
(wilted hy the proJe<-t has led to n cbnnge in 
the original plan, which wire llmt nir purty 
should take patengc to Whale Sound In one 
uf the Baffin * Bay whuier*. 

Now it steam wider ho* been char It- ted 
f.*» the trip. «ml a party of emim-nt sptx-inl- 
ists from the Philiulrlpliia Academy of Nat 
Ural Sciences will make the Voyage to Whale 
Smind.aml niter the north Greenlawl party 
and its • qnipnienl are lunded.will dev ote the 
temaindrr of tbe summer loasckmiiffccruiM? 
in arctic waters. 

It 1* intended to obtain ethnological mid 
oilier tnaterial front Hie Wlutle Siaiiiil region 
for Prufauanr Putnam's depart merit of the 
('olumbtan Kxpuslttoti. and the results of tire 
cruise generally will.it is nuliciiiiited. Ih? uf 
cXcx-plional seknlltlc liitcrv** uud value. 

Both the American Grograplti.wl Haciety 
ami tlie Acudemy of Nalnrul Sciences of 
Philadelphia have evinced a piucliewl and 
siifaiantud interest iu tiw- mailer, mnl to the 
immediate and enelgetk* inleml of the hitler 
InmIv, through it* tiorili Uiecnhmd commit- 
lee.cousislingof Dr. Joseph Ireidy. Professor 
Benjamin Sharp. ProfeuMir Angelo Heiliwlii. 
Mr. Gavin W llart. Dr W. :*. W, Ituschen 
Ireigcr, Dr. II. ('. McCook, and Profewor 
D. U. Briiuon, I* due lire fuel Unit there has 
Iree-n from the start no doubt a* to the suc- 
cessful launching of tlie rx]reslltion. 


T1IK FLOWER MARKET IS 
UNION SQUARE. 

Thoioh hut six weeks old. U i* it line, 
bitty infant, with every promise of life mid 
growth before it. Already there cmne to it 
tlorisi* trout all points — north, south, cast, 
mid wot uf this litg new Babel of ours. 
I' pun anv of thnre Hue spring mornings yon 
mayecc Iwlf n hundred wagon*, all arranged 
outside the curb. They nunc rumbling up 
through that thick datkuiiw that precedes 
lire iUn u Three o'clock at the latest is tire 
hour of arrival. By four, men and lioo-es 
liave ls-en fed, aud lire work of selling be- 
gins. At llmt time retail floriits mid [as l 
dlers are tire inuin customers, thougli now 
anilngain tlirlc Isexclumge of Mirek betwixt 
the greenlioUM.- men Hieinselve*. 

N<> matter win* buy*, the ttower* arc un- 
loaded, mid hIbiiiI In rank* anil Utuk* uf 
bloom nil almiil lire |mveuirut- Tire whole 
upiier (sign D Ireddrd with litem, and nearly 
ull lire ea*tern side ns well. -Merely to walk 
iswt them 1* a Itlreral education in beauty, in 
fiugrnin-e. ninl that spiritual cleanliness that 
clings ansi abides with fresh growth. Here 
nn; hlowoniK of nil to*iii., all climnir* — 
Easter lilir* bard hr {'hrislmus lw«; glu- 
dioli. autumn'* eepoclal tlowrv, clack hy jowl 
w itli dafftHliis 


cacti from Muxk'o outvying English cow- 
*lip»; Persian cyclamen Mailing down un 
muiintuiu [link so itear to everv WOOlle-bred 
child. In eddltlou. what wealth of enrna- 
turns, of pinks, tulips, hynrinitis, wall flow 
era. "Uk k<t; w hat dame* of scarier gewnimii: 
what [icfidulou* cliiute* of fairy fuchsia 
bell*? From every iiaod come the entitle 
almond "cent of heliotrope, the vivid fra- 
grance of mignonette. Here a square yarvl 
of pelargoniums halt* every pwrect by logon 
at the pink and purple of their velvet hearts; 
there gnrgcou* calceolarias lUnre Jewel wise 
ogaiubt a background of Ull ivtva and taller 


383 

palm*. Every wlrere pansies, gold »t»<l jnir 
pie and blue and limsn and id a* k and irtatiy • 
colored, ruin' their quuinl lialMioinait 
hy fifties and bundled". If numbera count 
for might, thry arc the flower of tlie I tour. 
No grower thinks of bringing them in pot*. 
Instead they come in flat* — twenty- five, fifty, 
it hundred, all huddled together, it wri-mliy 
«lia*« of bloom. There me fcfhi uud fidiago 
plniits williout uumlier: ldoe luyoadtlw — tire 
[tori'* forget me not— in (pinniiiy; Gcimu 
marigold*, C'allfornu pn|*|ileit. lug Iriowxy 
hydrangea*; pink, Itiire, while |*rotdea; 
miner. Iiooey "lU'kte. i*r.utnl>ine. wh»t Hot — A 
hundred more kimwn only to such n* 
wire in lire way* of lire floral Kgy ptiuria. 

Ib!re*. ton. of ciurae: tail * sotry *i^l,i f u 
you, true flower-lover, ThruiM*'i> of tliiyx cH 
wil* hot Isitli to Ik- culdllid. crllilKil. cnnitn^l 
within tin- narrow limit* of * six-intdi j„ lf ’ 
True she bliivMiin* there luxuriantly. lo r t n ( 
what curt of graev and lientlly 10 tier gretm 
prickly self ' ( ompure far a minute t Jic 

"lunleil. "Curveling.lcgsy plant with lire crea- 
ture of Hie border, with Its glory of leaf ami 
"talk nod yard long trails of lilnoni Think 
of a Gluire di- Dijon ofrerdng lo one "untsre 
lime iuii.dnsl |s-ifeet m««; of a Lamarque. 
mounded lin'it*i liigli, ten feet at-ros". and one 
nut-" of fa-nrl white cluster..; of a jlertVUal 
Niid eiiwteiilhing it jdllar eigliteeu feet iu 
Irelghl. mid gulden with l.ln— .mi front top 
to Ikiiioiu— then sny if itutev*l tjtreeii lltwc is 
nor u flower for the opetf. Alt which to the 
contrary iHitwithMamling, [KtUnl rtmr* *w-ll 
»" hy magic, especially the deep red sorts, to 
which the "cller" give, with noble impartial- 
ity. the name of Jarquittlinul ; nhoul one iu 
ten i< entitled to it. lint nil are thorny and 
richly red. If that which they cad it .Ini k hy 
no otlrer mime would smell a* sweet, who 
cruel na lo ettllghten tire purebnseral For 
the I mi era arc it* well worth Meing tu tire 
market. 

By five o' tlie clock there- is a thin sprinkle, 
who dart hither and ynn, Muffing eagerly 
at the blinded fragrance, questioning. Ire*!- 
titling. evidently taUiM-iiigiii mind thesuert- 
ntK» of mignonette afpti list the red glow of 
geraniums, or tire cmliirlng quality of a per- 
petual roMi in mnlrast with lire plcuteuus 
flowers of no evtuteaccbl cariMlHMi. There 
un- iu ninny men a* wonirit ninung them, 
L-vhlcnlly workers nil. A Ism l one ill three 
grew away with Indcit arms. Look at that 
"lender wotonu in tlw worn gray ulster. Her 
lane flnrere show nil loo plnln tbe tivsrk" of 
the needh' at whies- p-unt die win* hrewd. 
There i* un Itint of litth! or color in the thin, 
IMtllrlil face, Hre Ims twilight two [Kit*, tire 
pinkest rase, tlie reddest geranium, iu nil lire 
marker, and walks nwav with them cradled 
iduuM-t lovingly against rrer thin liresst. Buck 
or her conic two ■ n"li girls, wlto Imve pooled 
ilielr pennies in laty a clump of velvet imti 
sirs; uud over again*! them n white-haired 
uid mini, wtm battle a lodtller by om hood, 
and in lire other carries carefully a wee 
flower put w ith just wire Many of white ver- 
Ih*si:s litre conics it little lad— lie cun barely 
have turned seven -with u fiat of [wltsies 
poiaed carefully on Ids head. He ahucwl *tag- 
get* under it. Imi nsys.rlirerily : "Winns- flow 
er*? .Mine I tell ye. l'nt a spcc'later. I am’" 

By six. family jauth* come in- Here are 
husluutd. wife mid gimnlsire eagerly chotst- 
ing n bat will please "mollrer" and “tire 
laihv." At tlreir ellatw a substantial couple 
arc inn ing [ml* hy fiHtrs and d ureas. "Give 
u* tlie war lit of I hat— no change-, do ye hear?" 
tire genth-nmii say*, ilimsling a crisp bill oti 
lire dealer, who ai nnoe build- e flowery ram- 
part about ll.elr fei-r At right of it n wan 
young mother "miles and riglis. Like many 
another in the throng, sin* is pushing a lathy- 
carriage, in wlrese front neetle various blos- 
som*. Her store I* pitifully small, and lire 
wee firee on the |tiHow show* the sear of a 
fearful hum iVfln|w there Is connection 
between lire two facts Anyway, the woman 
wire Iras much softly set* half a down pots 
within rendt of lathy s hand*, "living, with 
wet eyelid*: "You have the Bower I cannot 
buy. Take these for If." Here come Inver* 
arm in atm— to look, not to buy. A bridal 
couple, loo. strangers in town evidently, sod 
mighty proud of tlreir bridal bravery. Now 
come two higb-*tepping young women wltlt 
u maid - servant and Ist-krt at tlreir heel*. 
Tlrey t ■min the market many times, 1ml go 
nwav with lire meagre*! pim-lin-c. 

Every minute the crowd increase* the Bow- 
er* dimiuirit. There i* much puriiing and 
straggling through it. hut no trwen of ill- 
■lalure. even among the women sellers, of 
whom there lire no! a few. Tlie traffic grow* 
fa*t and fnrioii* Al this rate the market 
will be lain* within the hour. Suddenly the 
pld iceman call*; "Get your stuff out o tins 
III ten minute" Titni-S up— eight o'clock ” 
Then there is l•H"lling indeed. Bnrgains are 
limit,- or h">l hi lightning speial. In the brief- 
est "pan- tire ""luff ~ is railing away .and only 
a littlr earth, a few Inure stalk*, reins l it 

Dealer* there *re unanlnreu* in saying that 
the market ih a ina*l sulwlanlial Irelleran-iil 
to I heir butines*. They ate quite as uuaiii- 
iimhi* in declaring tiial an extension of selling- 
time lo twelve o'clock would quadruple tire 
value rtf the privilege. Under proreut cun- 
dilions, though they take away little HUenld 
stuck, trade h hampered and narrowed by tire 
brief hours allotted In it There seems to ho 
no graul re-woiu for refusing the concession. 
I'ertainiy none who "troll through tfre flower 
market can doulit that it has taken tlrvp b'Jd 
of "tbe plain people. ' and i* like to prove 
u mml efficient ewcctuier of many narrow 
live*. M. C William*. 




HARPER’S WEEKLY 


VOLl'MK xxxv., so. nn 


I ®-- 1 '**• 

/ i 1 ' 1 

■PP%WfcjiB 

A 

cl '» *#0 


Digitized by Google 


MAY 23, 1831. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


385 



Digitized by Google 


THE ANNUAL DINNER OF T11E NEW YORK YACHT CLUB.-DbaWM b* T. lib TiiLurrati-.-lUiUt Pace UW 





HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17M. 


'JHG 




HOW KINO HUMBERT 
HELPED, 

BY ADA U. TKOTTBK. 

Wr wore roused at u few minute* post wr- 
en on (he morning of April 3!)d by n xn»u- 
iji.n somewhat similar (o no earthquake. 
The bouse n« keil and shook from (he ffliin- 
dailous. w IndowB and door* were hunt open , 
And a few moments laler a terrific explosion 
shook (he nil v ami dre w um nil to the window. 
The sound -it gloss falling and smashing in 
every direction led us (o imagine a bomb had 
exploded at oiir very door*- Hut our firat 
glnoc* *ll»wwl u* llint the scene of disaster 
was at some distance from us. for over the 
Quirinal Palace a dense column of smoke 
arose, amumi lie Hie form of a gigantic pine- 
tree. afterward wind-driven to "St Peter's, 
where it obscured Ihe great dome fium our 
view. As the crowd w*w tin- position of the 
dond. one thought w-enis to have dominated 
all hearts— fear for the safety of the King. 
That the explosion could have taken place 
at a distance did uul occur to an; oik- who 
d just experienced the severe shock with 


its accompanying rt 
When we liad »i 


i ascertained lltat no bomb 
endangered our lives »l our doors, we had 
time to notice the scene around u*. with n« 
link- appreciation of its uoiiiuv quality, 
People in all slagea of luilel leitned from 
Ihe open windows, while others, dw*w-d or 
only half clotlied, rushed about llie streets. 
gr-siU-uUtiiig. calling, shrieking. amt g*b- 
bling wildly. No one knew more than' liis 
neighbor, 1ml (lien his own sensation* ul tin* 
li*u moment were ro extraordinary they 
merited description, so every otte talked, uud 
naturally no one listened. 

The servants in our house ran nliout the 
corridors almost in convulsions of terror, 
praying. Imploring protection from the Ma- 
donnas which they el.uped to their breast*. 
For the moment it was bcdlsm within doors 
and without. 

The paper* aflerwurd gave graphic ac- 
counts of tire heart of Home at (hi* moment, 
Streets were congested with a mas, of |ie«ple 
—men, women, and children — in every »tago 
of dishabille, surging toward the Quirinal, 
fearing to find the palace a mil*. 

Meanliue, the King, who wo* dressing 
when rise shock came, rushed oul in Ills shirt 
sleeves, jumped into a (Haiti t-veiy dny call, 
and dashed off toward Ihe Porte Purlcse, 
divining at once what bud liti|>fieni.'d. He 
was there by half past seven, *o it will In: 
seen that be must have gone al full speed; 
indeed, be was one of the first to arrive upon 
the spot 

The crowd, finding at lost the true muse 
of the shock, now struggled to make a way 
to (lie gale — civilians, soldiers, firemen, 
monk*, sisters of charity. beggars, workmen, 
and ladies and gentlemen of all nationalities. 
It wo* u sight, perbu|s*. to tw seen only oi»i:ij 
in a llfcttme. tlii* Unman tnasa pouring out 
of Rome toward the scene of dbaatcr. 

Arrived there. 1 found tire King the central 
figure, encouraging the woumted, organising 
workmen, and even tearing away tin- debus 
with ills own bunds in the excitement of the 
moment when a woman's form wit* awn be- 
ncn’.Ii the ruins. He drew near to the heart 
of hi» people this Irright April worn nig, ut 


tcrly forgetful of self, u 
moved to uses by tin- suffer- 
ing of the brave soldiers, 
king only by virtue of his 
power to lew) on this terrible 
field of lotllle. 

The powder magazine, 
which contained 2N Ions 
of powder, witbout Count 
mg on enurtnous iiinouiil of 
shells, I tombs, cartridges, mid 
other expletive*, wa* Ml ti- 
nted about a mile ami a Italf 
hevoml lire PiPrtc Pori cm- , 

The inquiry into the callus 
of the disaster I* not yet 
made. It will probably lie 
from ten to fifteen days lie 
fore the renull is iwtde pub- 
lic. The Impression given 
by the lending paper* Seelire 
to be that it wa* utl uwi- 


of fatigue. 


dent, and not, ns some thought al first. tle- 
lilierale design of anarchist*. Tire most cred- 
ible ncconui (from lire Ifatm m 7Ym»»t runs, 
“that the magazine bail been opened the 
previous day In order to air the contents; 
that the action of tlie air, combined with lire 
ray* of the sun. had iutiained tire powder 
luio combustion with diuulroiu result." 

It relates that u sluirt lime before lire cats* 
trophe. the captain in charge Ireard a noise 
us of sacks of walnuts being moved. He 
gue«ed the cause. (wiled all lil* soldiers out, * 
and ordered them to leave the fort, whilst he. 
thoroughly aware of his danger, coolly re- 
mniued until assured Uiat hi* men were in 
safety. A few moments laler lire explosion 
easonl, ami lire powder magazine was blown 
to tlw wind*, lmreing nothing but a Ireap of 
charred ruins to mark lire spot w here it note 
•total. 

And. alas, for Cn|itain Spcccnmbbx! IIU 
meu got safely away, but he Was caught, 
thrown down ami no battered, rail, and lorn 
that no hope is entertained of bis recovery. 
Among the wnuedud soldier*, too. there is a 
corporal whose courage and calmness are the 
talk of Ihe hour. Ho Wo* one of tlie'Ust lo 
leave the fatal spot, and was I mlly injured. 


oireraiiou without uttering a word of com- 
plaint, When told that if lie did not take 
chloroform Ire would suffer terribly, lie quiet- 
ly remarked, " A soldier should not fear 
pain." 

There wo* ouo Instance of courage which 
almost rivals lire fable of tlw- sentinel found 
al bl» post at Pot n pell. When tire sentry 
vho guarded I bn magazine was oixlrrrd to 


ground when the explosion took pince. ami 
wheat it was ail over, though horribly ill- 

I ttrvd. took up bi« gun ami walked back to 
lis post, w here lie wjia found by the Drat res- 
cue Parly. Tire King, when bn arrived’ 
found lire brave soldier, dusty, black in tbe 
face, with the clothes almost torn from his 
lowly, but with bia gun presenting arm*. 
The hero Is to be presented with tire gold 
medal for valor, by order of the Klug. 

All lire Ituilding* for a mile round tire spot 
Imre been partially when not Ullerly destroy - 
<d. Of course unv in liars immediate vicinity 
of tbe iniigu/iuv are nt/ed to lire ground ur 
blow u completely out of sight (>t the mag- 
azimi itself nothing is left hut u heap of 
dr nr red mill*. 

Tire latest information a* to lire number of 
people who suffered by Hie expksdoc give* 
'■’ii <l*-ad and taro Imndird and fifty wounded. 
A monk was noted ainuntptl tire rescuing 


party. . 

I i 1 


Ira live powers soon placed him at lire head 
of ihr willing workers, Ire was, in fact, tire 
brains of tbe imuetuou* crowd. Yet Ire 
wiis unknown ami a stranger. It would la; 
interesting lo ienrn something of this heroic 
imiitre. but It 1 m hound, 1 •.appose, in the 
hntrt of tire Church. How his pulse* must 
have thrilled lo l*e working thus oncre more, 
heart to heart, with tire people’ 

Nor wo* it an ordinary gang of workmen 
now seen, blackened by tire terrific cloud* of 
dust and suuikc, amongst tire ruins. Monk*, 


Skiers of Charity, 
soldiers, firemen, and 
civilians w orked side 
by side with I mailt, 
less anxiety, cheered 
oo by tire King, who, 
ns Ire pushed his way 
into the throng, and 
tore away al the 
►tones with hi* 
hand*, received thun- 
dering acclamalious 
from the ordinary 
work - people of the 
crowd 

Not until nil the 
wounded were car- 
ried away did King 
Humbert leave the 
►pot, and llren it was 
for tbe hospital. Tim 
TVt'Auire, of Rome, 
nays of lu* appear 
mice tlrere: "No one 
would know that it 
was a sovereign who 
entered tire ward. 
His blue suit was 
covered with a Mre- 
tunt of powder; his 
face was black, and 
agitated with emotion *» Ire went from lied 
to liner w-llli words of comfort and consola- 
tion for each sufferer; his boots were soiled; 
his bat crashed in." etc., etc. As he left the 
boMpilal.be was received with loud ‘viva*’ 
by tire people crowding behind the cordon. 

Tin 1 ihuita ft e done lo Rome lias mil yet 
bwn correctly rail mated In the eye of the 

artist mid tourist it is apparently incalcula- 
ble. We hear that tbe rare vturea of lire 
Klruscan collection in the Vatican gallery 
have shared Hre fate of the windowsof Home. 
Nearly all tlur galleries. palace*, and church- 
es are dewed for repair* Some have suffered 
more damage than oilier*; and It seem* a* 
though the mn« valuable of tire siaioed-glaM* 
windows are mrwl hopelemly wrecked. The 
street* glitter with crystals: so do the aisle* 
of such churches os one can still enter. 

Only a week ago we were luxuriating in 
the U-aiily of Sit. Paul'* futtn U mnrr. VVi- 
could not tear ourselves away from that su 
perb nave, with its five pillared aisles radiant 
Hi tbe gorgeous Qumes of light shed from tbe 
colored window* beyond. Raising our eye*, 
we confronted tire solemn gaze of tlreoe state- 
ly apostles, in their robes off purple, crimson, 
and gold, permeating the sliadowy aisle* wilb 
their atmosphere of ineffable peace, ineffable 
dignity. 

Ami now! All are hut a memory, for of 
St. Paul's Dot one window remaitiN lo tell 
posterity of lire beautiful work* of Muruui. 
the artist wlin create*! this indite procession, 
wins*' marvel tons skill lo coloring wa* tlie 
wonder of his age, and whose secret died 

with him 

rio it may reoilily be *ccn that an El Do- 
ratio of gold could not rejaiir Ihe damage 
done to Koine by tire terrific explosion or the 
powder- mill on Thursday. April Slid. 


ANNIVERSARY DINNER OP 
THE NEW YORK YACHT CLUB. 

' ' Tint only cruiae that wa* ever sailed Iw- 
foio that of tlie New York Yacht Club was 
Iln- QM wliirli Sir Noah «ukd in III* ship 
culled the Ark." an; l Coauuodore Gerry, iu 
Hre course of hi* Micltnu* toast on tbe occ>- 
•ion of tbe club* first annual lnvc-feu*t. 
Thursday evening. May TUi. lu Hre pleasure 
of reviving old *ccfiw and spinning Hiram 
and again old yarns told so long ago as In 
have become welluigh forgotten. »u forgive 
the unfortunate Mr. Noah oforreuid for hav- 
ing tire " age " un C'ommudou- Gerry and liis 
males, and commiserate with tire unltappy 
antediluvian for not beiug one af the oiw- 
miMlore's jolly crew. 

We have a very great opinion of our pio- 
neer yacht club, founded in ISM on board 
(.Yiminodure J. s-iicven'a yacht Oimemfk. 
and a sincere admiration for Ihe men wlu» 
noiiriabcd ihe glorUiu* sport in Its infancy, 
ami made us one of Hie foremost yachting 
nations of lire world. Year* ago the aanual 
dinners nf the club were one of the happiest 
fenture* of Ihe season, but. aa Comaiodore 
Gerry said the other evening. quoting the late 
George L. Kebuyter. llrey cunsisted chiefly of 
turtle-soup nnd Madeira; the m-lpe of 'the 
former having been lent. and Hre latter drunk, 
tire cereullou of the dinners was a result to Ire 
expected. 

In Ure re vivul of tbe old-time custom every 
member of tbo club has given eothusiaati’c 
suppirrt, and a more cnnviviid lot of opirlu 
than that gatlrered in the dining hall of tbe 
dub on Hus first celebration of lire aunual 
event was not lo be found anywhere. Tlie 
club-houMi wa* beautifully decorated, and 
the moilrl-room, with the Inmored .Imcraor's 
cup. the Commodore 'sC'liailenge Cup, Hre cup 
pen*0Bted to Captain Osgood, of the schooner 
•ffiiyic, in 1870. and the Si/tpL/r cup, were 
the pttiQilnent (ruphtes in an array that must 
have represented upward of $IUU,(hn>. 

Tlie moat stirring event of the evening was 
when, at thn concludon of the dinner, nit itim- 
and joined in the rousing ' ' Song of the Cup." 
mmpouad hyex Coniiuiaiore Nicholson Kune, 
and given herewith: 


Tts XsMane ttrlkes the Wrlsc till tlf x?m<I 
traafnaiis rliia ; ^ 

lo flngl 


TVsn pipe tbe waMh siM |wp tb« rarls ; let 
t'poii m; wort, tin-? always CM wlnm'er lbs 
I (ili’i.-w yuu, sits, tbs cup I May w« never give ll 
A hi»|or, sirs: Tlie rial. ! Hetrsli! Tbe cup! 

Tbe cap! Tire cup I" 

At lire centre table wa* Commodore GSrry, 
wiUi Judge Witlluiv, of the Circuit Court, on 
hi* right, uud Lieutenant Hetiu. of Hie Royal 
Navy, on his left. Then came Commodore 
Hill, of the Stawanhaku CkiriuHijau Yacht 
Club; E. C. Bcireilict ; and E. fj. Jaffray. 

At the other tables were: Colonel Elliot F. 
Bliewtrd. Tlwodore W. Myeta. II. H. Parroloe, 
William Zu-gli-r, J. C. Bergen, J. F. Perkins, 
J. fort ledge. K U. Havens, F. M. Croniae. J. 
W. Havwaiii. J. C. Burton, 0. C. Rand. F. 
Osborn, J. II. fMarin, ,f. R. Watt. F Hall. 
A. B. Jonen. W. B. Weimore. John M. Wil- 
son. E. M Padclfiwd. C. T. Mjuton. E. Sta- 
ples. G. < -iii-miick. T. il. Allen. AiLirt Dar- 
ling, F. H. New burg, A. B. Paine. ’MorrU 
F "Asclie. J. r. Awrfie. 11 S Church, Wil- 
liaiu F Cosier, William Dupont.Il. A. Tuck- 
er, S. Peabody. R. S. Palmer. John S. Dick- 
erson, C B. Ilrudricks, W. K. Pearl. J. G- 
Moore, V. S. Jones. X. Monroe, D. T. Wor- 
den. John 11 Bird. V. M. Brown. F .1. Rob- 
iiisoa. It. P. Lonnaberry, W. B. Duncan. F. 
W. J. Hunt. E C. Siaotou. T D. Thurl 
sirup. J. V. S. Oihiie, I.. H. Swingston. F 
F. Adams. H. C. Wubfaingliui. James Fran 
els. W B. Duncan, Jun . William E, Iseitu, 
Woodbury Kune, and F. B. Culling. 

c. w. w. 


CASINO AND I*IKR. COLUMBIAN 
EXIHJSIT10N. 

It U Hre purpose of Hre managers of the 
Coluratiiwn rCxposition to have in ihe Casino 
a *|i*xia1ly attractive feature. This dejwul- 
ment of ibe lug Fair was designed for tbe 
purpuse. as St is said, "of reproducing Ven- 
ice on a small scale Id I.ukr Michigan.-’’ 
And tlie architects. Mc»mV Burling A Wbile- 
Iiouk of Cldcagu, look the direr I hut of ilrctr 
areliitrcture from this uiggcsliott. therefore, 
untl made their tledgnsof thu Veuclian ortier. 

The Casino will l<o built on a site lo tbe 
UUr 1000 fret from lire shore, to which it 
Will lie ruitnerled by a |»cr built on pile*, 
and which will U> 80 feet wide. The ground 
urea, or more properly the water are*, that 
will lie covered by llie iMiildlngs will be 1H0 
by 4fNl feet Tire Casino Itself will consist 
of nine pavilions, with a central pavilion in 
the form of a campanile Tints w ill be con 
slructtd nitre distinct buddings two storiefi 
hi Irelghl. and al). except tbe mil ml one. SO 
feet above lire surface of tlie water. The 
VenetUu canal effect will lie I tad by the free 
postage of the water la-tween tbe walls of 
Hie pavilions. The miimTranab.aredc’Mtgnod 
in bconlv IS feet In wUllh.biit the larger ones 
will I* Sft fret, nnd the graitii c»nai. or lire 
|otsa*gew a_v about the base of tile campanile, 
will be 40 f** t wide. Tire broader engineer- 
ing here is furnished tr> more freely acconi 
im »iaie the congress of aimtll craft llint is 
liable to gather in (lime wiucrs. The centre 
paTilion will be 1110 feet high, and prettily 
arched bridge* will offer inu-TcumniuuicaHoii 
between lire right surrounding pavilions and 
tlw campaiiik- 

Tbe structural material wil) bo of wood, 
and the walla will be tilled in with staff. 
Tills materia) will give Ure orlUU an oppot 
lunitv to produce soiuo very uriklog nsti- 
bliiaUuuf of Itixb culoring. and Hre designer* 
have akked that tlw wall* be laid in with very 
brisbl shade* of cream, sienna, yellow*, nnd 
light red*. The roofs will lie of Hre gnbk 
sort, anil angled picturesquely, abd a III pn-- 
scut Ihe effecl of a town rising out nf the 
w. coveretl with a little duster of red roofs. 

Before (he C'asilio. looking shoreward. 1* a 
little harbor formed by Hw j.it-r, iiM-iiuiug in 
u gr title sweep Inward lire south, and chxsed 
up on Hie tiorlli ritle by a breakwater This 
break water will protect the harbor from 
heavy reus, and make it safe for Hie fleet of 
small Imaix nod gondolas that will puss over 
ils surface from all parts nf flic Exposition 
grounds to tire canals of lire little Venice 
1000 fret out in tbe lake Tlie pier will 
serve us n promenade for those who desire 
to virit lire Casino afoot. Il will be 90 feet 
wide, uud will lie lieautilkd with flags, elec- 
tric light*. and Other showy design*. 

Forty feci above tire water around tbe 
centra) pavilion will nut a gallery or observ- 
atory *V» fret square. From tbb gallery, or 
from the smaller noe near tire *unimll or the 
pavilion, a m-M pleasing prospect w ill un- 
fold itself. The east front of tbe galleries 
will look directly over the main lagoon and 
avenue Beyond ihe Id column* represent- 
ing Hie Rl Slate* uf lire Unioa. groupoti about 
the peristyle that form* the approach of tlw 
pier, will rire tbe mat facade of the adminis- 
tration building. On cither side of tbe la- 
goon will Ijo Seen. In miwt entrancing per- 
spective, Ihe chief building* uf tbe Expusi 
lion, and spread away lo lire north ami to 
Ure south will lap visible the entire panorama 
of the bird's eye view. Extending south 
from the Ctudtio will la? a bunt-landing lliO 
feet wide and 800 fret long Anchored equi- 
distant along the pier will lie models of the 
three ship* of t Vilnnihiio. whose interior will 
furnish t-pm-e for cafe piirp«»e*. 

As ha* Umjd said, the pavilions will be two 




HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


there I* no doubt that a lints* band will be Diego, and tire Itala. without further b**a of Fi < ' -^1 LpT--. »** i ' { 

stationed in one of Hie pavilion*. At nil lire*, mot the ibiert and Minnie. transferred ~k ! - if •> H&Zr-'' ■" ij- ■ ' _ 

events this feature of llie Exposition will Im the arras from tire acbuMier. and proceeded . m jfc : . ’"gM jM> ,1 

mnal useful if for no re.i*ou other Ilian tire on Irer way to Chill. It in claimed tlml the ''->**5 j .* t sf 1 [ t. Jf aftSf&S i 

splendid view to Ire hod from either of the f'biltan iron dad KnnernMa Was waiting al ^00%, /H } 5 A p «&» « - ! 

galleries. or Ihc delight* of a luncheon or nn Point Sl Lucan to ^nin tba /tala, and go 1? i r< I £g| _ 

E»lol» eaten with the «ntlt» plan of tkw with her hack 10 Iquique. Three tlaya after - '" * -|F| J~, -Jy. j-y « -.rjjs.'t- fin - . . 

Fair spread out More one - * cyea. I be /tete'a departure tin- United State* nr- g'r i 5TB‘~'' h >'■ Vi 1 *' ]/ 

Mr Edison. who bun been in Chicago very morttl cruiser Chu-btion was ordered to jV ~Ws-.„A H 1 -re.i- - — i; 

recently, believes that oris of the roost it- pursue and lake the /Sate. The chase in i . ' it-, gKptf \ %3J» taP^b*3r7ySW ' V 

markable division* of hin electrical display now going on. and within a dnv or two the j ‘WK//. ,’L Ti^tw ■Klffl ! 

will In; made io connection with the Casino, result of it will be known. Utmisli the delay — ' ll^bffwK V ' 

Id hin great brain, slowed away in an odd In starling the C’Annl together with the y JIB Uf M m ■ If/ 

corner somewhere, is a plan fur a magnlft- fact that sire was lit anchor fully ten hours - II — Si 'yBa K‘, 1 (si Jg wj*’ S£ X B __ MhSo k/J . f , 

ernt spectacular Bhi>w that will help to leud al Port Lomu idler beginning the cliw-e. jl ,'Jr '/jk , W.7 'diV -Bw 1 , Mt lWjf , ' I- 

the night aspect of llte Cusinoa heautv great- give* rise to murh conjecture aa to the sin- — - — •' lkj g \£pLi£ Wt£' [/ i i 

er than that of tire day. It la Mr. Ediwn's eerily of our government iu wanting the . ^ sj| '-Bj- '■/■ 

purpose to construct a plant on tire boitom capture of the fugitive transport. --■*■. fjrSTi f-W ’ P', ^uii('r ’f ■ * , i ij| 

of tire lake within the Ixiuntlaries of lire lit- The Kata is oue of a number of steamers ' «fvv ‘li ^ — r '•/ 

lie hartior mentioned aliove This plant eunstitutiug lire fleet of the Cofiipaula Sud . ■ Si wffr **-- 

will consist of variously colored electric American* de Vapnres, u linn of mcreliant *w H & ®5// j Mf'X F** 

JighU, whose brilliance rill rung through lire vessels plying la the trade nloug the west ^ i , '£/£?/ ' 4 jBSj> 

1 mn-lucent warer will give to the picture an cereal of South America. Sire was built in ^ sf' f Hr* 4 ? 

effect more gorgeous than dream*. Tbi*. Knglund in 1H73, and is of nhnil 1H00 Ions ' HS^«88fl < ' ''Iiiii ' ^^flilEWKT '' 

added to tire ph-iurewqueness of lire Ikmis. grout register. Al preecnt ebe is very fully "J V.VZB I ■Bk. '■.'Z&Jk' 

whore sails are to bo colored, to the long row armed with Hntc.hkias gun* and other effec- ^ -^jC'vdPWr'' ' Hi. fv^T /' 

of electric lights on lire pier, to the group of live inuuilious, ami la capable of making a fgfSSJBlj al«t m/jf - Al 

the statuary of 8«. GaiMlens, and to tire light* epeod of about ten to twelve knot*. § W¥ V 

of the Casino hi the dlstAtico.wlll.il I* - J ^ ■~^ r . aBg'*Mjfe , 

thought. »ur|M*a any spectacular exhibition , 

THE "ITAT.VS" KSCAl'K. JSSS^j^S^PJt . 

On April 23tl 1 Irenr arrived at the Oak laud willy. Fora while ueillrerof them Irearei it: -sS — 

Wharf, In Ban Fraocbco. a shipment of 10,- each listened only to the other, nod outside •** — 

OOP Hcmingtan rifles and a.VOO.OOO cartridges aounds played hut a distant accompaniment uiTiirn uvvsrvive — 

These arms and ammunition came from tire to tire music within. But o» llrey went on ^ v —> 

imuiiifacturer* at lliou. New York- and w ere logvllrer through time, the spirit of every day inT’-oi an! tiiui •• ‘ ' ‘ ^ 1 ‘ 

bought for the hlaurgeut* In tlie present Cltll- custom came and hovered over them— the B« “ Wsr.m.l the «»di «n.l the wsgrs a* r%htt” 

Ian revolution. spirit that blluds the ej'e. aud hardens the . P,T wnr-«uk u all rnljriii, m.' the "»*»• h» »il uiIl-ih. »>.• ywreiw ha< /«» »t »• 

Tire schooner B,4xrt oMf UiuMif. of Ban touch. aiwl .leadens the ear. It crept over no ‘ ■ UM '* “ Qc “** 4 ,k,t luuU 44 “* tU *°’ ko 4 "' ul,k *» “ 

Franerieo. liad been ohnrterrd to lake on this these two. this huriauid and this wife, and 

cargo, which she loaded freim tire freight cars gradually ex*-itid its full power over Ibem. ing up all* Parting with him! It seemed spirit of custom deweended upon ilM-m 
ou the wharf, and Eureka, a small northern so that Uie subtle undertones of life could no so close. Ay, even if they should both live again. Their fate defeated them by hull a 
port on Uie California coast, was sunt to be longer penetrate their senses, connenrd. as to tbeir threescore years and trn. All things d»v ' 

her dminattofi — at least her papers were they were, by this influence. By degrees they were so beautiful then. *0 full of mysterious Tire editor of a well-known weekly news- 
made Otlt in this way. On lire same day that came to hear only the loud, hursli scratching posaiiMlitica, of ever changing light iind color: paper snl at his table, opening a heap of 

these munitions of war were received, a rep- of the great wolf of poverty. Then it was now- now— Uie filthy river beneath her was .MSS The Dentil of Romance " was the 
rcoenlatlv* of the insurgents arranged with thut through tire pane of the window which typical of nil. An Inarticulate cry of misery Ireading of I be first ho look up. It was a 

the house of Bpreckrls to have tbeir tug, the he had broken, and she bad never Uuiugbt to rose up within her. aud tlictl in her lb rout paper written iu a woman's band. Il wu» 

Vigilant, tow the schooner out of tire harbor, mend, love, with scarce a backward look. Bho leant far over Tire parapet of tire bridge wretclieilly CMWlracted, poor both in stylo 
and accordingly, nl three o'clock of the flew out. and left these two alone and dcao- In silent wretchedness. Two meu passed and sulistanre: bill there rang thnuigh it 
morning of April !l3d, tire Rtfarl and ifinnit late. aaK poverty always near. close hehiu.l her. " What a glorious sun such a cry of misery that be glanced twice nl 

nnssed out to sea in cnmisuiy with the I7g». A cold creeping nuuibuesa scemnl to have set!" wild omi to his companion, and then lire name and address on it before casting il 
raid. It was quite dark at the lime, and a* come over them, an exceeding irreat lone- Urey went their way. Even movement was into tire Ixwkei of rejected conlrilMtUona. It 
netlbor vowel diaplayo.1 any lights tbeir tie lines* and silence. The ncarncM of tire great a relief to Irer: she turned aud looked over talked of the dentil of love in these pro*iii>' 

purture * as unnottctal, aud heuce not report- starving monster w as so oppreaiive tliat there cm to Uie oilier side. dare, of the lack of idealism, of a longing 

ed. as la tire custom, at tho Merchant* R*. was no longer room for thought of one uu- It w*s a river -unset, tire sky a tea of to 'make tilings bountiful once again which 

change in San Francisco. other. They were powerless. All day he glowing gold, melling gradually into dear erst bnd heen a joy. and of fiulure hecauMJ 

The course of tire schooner was directly went about his work into Uie bu»y binding transparent blue, flecked with i»3unds uf romance and cbivitlrj and all that served to 
southward, to ibo small group of island* out world, but he looked upon mankind as one cloud hind, pink like delicate slrells, ticlnw. a make life lovely were- dead and gone, 
aide Sait Diego, and il wus nn tire ocean side < taxed, and rarely spoke. There Becm<d white mbit slowly rising up from tire water Aa he went through this handle he came 
of tire little Catalina Island that sire came to nothing to look forward to but debt and dlfll- toihcakv. She stood nnd looked and looked, aertae anoilier “ Woman's Poetry" it was 
anchor, awaiting the Cliilian lrans|»irt that cully ns faros his mind's eye coulil n-ncli, Init and as she looked sire felt snine of tire puiu culled Its style wiu as impossible aa the 

was to ureet Irer. aud take from her the rifle* Ire tolled on ceasehwsly. lminlcariy. loyltwaly. and blttrrneiu nrelt nwny. and she livnl once other's; but this. Urn. wus pitiful and sad. 

and cartridges. In the evening Ire would txinre in nnrf sit dow’n mom in the post, where they hud been so “What a number of unhappy people there 

A few davs later, on llie Afternoon of May to tbeir meal opposite to her. and mutter in happy. »he nud Ire. Then all at once It Wat seem to be!" thought the young editor, aloud. 
8d. the Chilian steamer /late put in at San dissatisfaction at the poor fore set before a* though Irer stunned soul came back to life as Ire hurriedly turned over tire pages of the 
Diego, ostensibly to cou] and take on enough him; and sire would answer, without raising again. The past! Why should il be the MS ' Tire reul— " "Tlie hlesl— ” Agnln; 

store* to allow her to proceed to San Frail- lier eyes, in that loDcleaa voice which had of )m»t? Why not lire pieseot? Externals " All that wna spoken, all that was said" 

risco, after which, il was alleged, slie was to late grown upon her. Everything around were the aanre; she was the annie, be was "woman as she appears to In:;” "woman 
go on dry-dock at Vancouver for repairs; her seemed gray and monotonous, even black Uie same. " We will live It again," sire aaid, as die is;" “poetry Hindu human:" • prom 
tlren she wa* to coal at Nanaimo, and return darkness would have been a relief. The slowly, and her heart was Ailed with a won- in herself, her ways. Iter life.” " Hy Jove! I 

to ChllL In reality tire /lain was loading whole world was in shadow, there was no derful gladness She walked buck to tire wonder if there two arc liiisLai-d and wife}" 

wiUi aa murii cool and provisions as sire light anywhere. house they called their home Ire -pisiulatcd, as Ire noticed tlml though the 

could take on, and thus began to excite the Then canre live spring time. In tire conn- Whnt power was it that fought against her •ililres*of<Hiewa*iiilbeciiy.aiMlofilreoth- 
anspicioM of the Federal authorities, purlieu- try all thing* wrn; throbbing and trembling and frustrated Irer resolve: Was it fate? er in tire suburbs, yet I|m- surname given in 
larly when it waa known that the schooner with life; but iu the town all was dirty und Was it chance? Wire knows? each cure wus tlie same, nnd an uncommon 

R»brri and Jfinnui wa* crowing about an x- grimy, and sharp winds cut rouivd the corner* Why was it that Ire canre in that evening one. "Oueer world. tbb*!“ 

ioiulv outside. After communicating with of the street*. Life scemnl to her more more tirrtl, morn miserable than evert lie Then tire editor went on to oilier work, 
the district attorney. United StnW* Marshal wretched than ever. *• Would loGnd I were scarcely noticed her ut all, for of Isle they nnd left Ids clerk to let urn lire piper* to their 
Gnni placed the /Man captain under arrest, dead!" sire thought, as day succeeded day hod drifted Into living like two lodgers at respective miihorw. But tire clerk was sleepy 
though on recouriderallcm of tire matter, and without variety, without change. Then, In an inn. each going his own way. Vain ind that nielli, amt hi* bands more alert than hfa 
after an indignation meeting bnd been held an aimless mood, sire wondered off one day futile were Irer poor alicmpta to breakthrough head: and mi it came to pass that lire paper 
in San Diego protesting against the arrest, toward lire great river, ami Blood upon the lire wall of reserve that had grown up be- on Woman's Poetry "was directed to the 
lie released Captain Mau/eum. bridge, and looked down into tire muddy, tween them. wife at Irer house, aud "Tire Death of th- 

On May 2d the customs officers boarded greasy water that was swirling below. She “He doc* not care for me,” she thought, maoce " went to lire huslmml al his offlcc. 

the Hfhrr! n‘\d Minnie ut Catalina, and Qmi- hawed her waking ibooghts till ibey became Idtterly. " Ills love for me la pant ami gone, lie read in alienee lire Issirer -lie had written, 
ing Irer clearance papers in order, left Irer a nightmare to her Death! Why did dentil Nothing w ill bring it back- Chivalry 1 llo- shading his eye* wirb his IiiiimI, nod then he 
unmolested. Finally, nfler further parky now seein mi far away front Irer. so difficult inunee! Whnt ure they but idle dreams, looked long ami slcwdily at lire blank wall 
ing. and more or leas active espkmagp 00 tlio to attain? Once it had been wont to trrrify which endure for a moment, and vanish, leav- before him. drew a long breath, and went 
schooner, and after tin- rnplaiu of lire llalti her with its nearness; once its wings bnd al- ing no trace Irehind? They are but a glamour, home to her. lie fouud her standing by tire 
had been again amwted and again released. moM bru-hed her face. Now It crept aluug. ful«? and unreal througlioul." window, in the fading evening light, a roll 

this llmu on his own recognizance, the Cbil- Would uolliing hasten il toward her? Just two litres of a poem, two line* marked of clotcly written paper in lirr hand. Itwaa 

inn steamer weighed anchor Iu t»U Diego Once, rire mnemliercd. she had dung to and dated, that was all. hut they did for only his rejected contribution; it would nev 
Harbor al 5.HQ o'clock in the afternoon of him, and cried aloud in pauuiDntr (error. Ire- him all that tire sunset had done for her. er even be (noil for tire grout hungry wolf at 
.May flth. At & 10 o’clock she waa on her cause the shorltresa of life appalled her. Glv- They swept him back into the |klH. und he the door. He cuine silently nnd laid his hand 


TBS "IMPERIAL" (SISTER SHIP OP THE “IT AT AT. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17*1 


388 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 






tocrat. the young gentleman himself 
lms mil had II chattel! to show w hut sort 
of n ruler he will lie. A sudden attack 
by n Jipune toMler armed with a 
*(tiirp sword l* apt to be <1 Concerting 
lo any one. Tlie llrsl re|Kirt of till* 
skirmish said that the Czarewilx tie 
fcnilvd hint telf gallantly. The next 
day, however, the advices stowed that 
Prince George wo* the bero of the at- 
tack. 

Tbc w ould be awossin had a swnrtl. 
sharp at that, and the weapon of the 
Prince was only a Hick With Ihia 
Hick Prince George belabored the Jap 
nurse, ami brought him to the ground, 
or. lit tlie word* of the report, "felled 
him." All thla occurred iitOtsii. Japan, 
ami ns Olsu is out of the vray of general 
travel, the particular* of the avail It and 


ha* been *o long established that kings to-day arc general- 
Iv careful of their royal selves, and are to he found In 
tint "rearguard.” But even in these latter evil day* an 
Instance of a really brave king is found in the person of the 
manly ruler of Italy. Humbert. Like Napoleon, he lui* 
cheered the fever aufTerera by hi* own presence, and if the 
'•king* touch "theory were not exploded, wc might he will- 
ing to sustain a couple of king* in free America to visit oar 
hospitals. Humbert went about the city of Naples, aud gave 
the fever stricken inhabitant* the beticlil of Ins smile, which 
was undoubtedly Wave, a* the fever fiend bn* no more re- 
spect for kins* than ha* gunpowder. 

After the late explosion* in I Come, hi* Majesty, a* I* told 
In another pari of the Wkkki Y. gave another exhibition of 
courage, and inspired hi* subject* to valiant deed*. Push- 
ing into the ruins, he led the work of rescue, gave Ills 
strength toward the pulling down of dangerous wall*, and 
undeterred, blackened by smoke, bruited anil Woody, like 
anv brave man of onlinary birth, acted in nil reaped » like 
a once upon a time king. Not many modern ruler* would so 


sinn papers to Join In declaring that 
Kussla will never forget the bravery of 
Prince George. Tlila l» very Interest- 
ing reading, mid nil hough wit may lie 
loudly democratic iu our sentiments, 
there l*. nevertlieles*. a latent admira- 
tion for royally within our heart*, in 
stilled by stories of once upon a time 
kings, mill it is quite refreshing to have 
a chance to arouse that afore liientioued 
Intent ml miration. It is not often now- 
aday* that we have an opportunity to 
mi Imre over royal courage. The occa- 
sion of this heroic exhibition, the < rar- 
owitz. is lining very well, and an early 
recovery i* looked /or. What was done 
with Ike Japanese fanatic b not stated, 
but Justice in that country I* simple 
and swift, anil, added to that, it is si tiled 
that the utmost regret is expressed in 
goveTBinrnt and diplomatic circle*. 

This " regret" will probubly bo felt by 
the blood thirsty Japanese. It U likely 
to be ' ’ something with boiling oil In 
It.” 

Tire Crarowitz escaped that prema- 
ture death which seems so mysteriously 
to overtake the eldest non* of sover- 
eigns. The first • born of Emperor 
'“*“*■ Franc!* Joseph of Austria: of King 
Leopold of Belgium; of the late King 
William of Holland; of Napoleoo III., of Napo- 
leon I., of King Loui* Philippe, of France; ami of Oar Alex- 
ander II have each of litem pawed away before their time. 

Ilad the Japanese auuiliml of tbc Czarowftz been per- 
mitted to accomplish Ids purpose, the most terrible ronfusion 
would liavc arisen at St, Petersburg in connection with mat- 
ters relating to the succession to the throne, for the Emper- 
or]* second non I* dying of eon*nmptinft — the result. it is 
suid. of a blow in the chest recriicd in lest from the Cr*re>- 
wltr. Alexander HI., it may he mentioned here. 1* stated 
to owe both bis charming wife and hi* throne to a similar 
blow indicted in play upon hi* older brother Nicola*, who 
died at Nice of consumption iu Iffil.V Tlie third and only 
remaining son of the Emperor Is the Hltlc Grand Duke 
Michel, a boy of twelve year* of age, who. in the event of a 
demise of the crown, would requite the guidance and guard- 
ianship of a regency until tbc expiration of Ids minority. 

To whom would the regency belong? By right of primo- 

E culture It should be vested In the hands of the Czar's eldest 
rotber, the Grand Puke Wald indr Hut lire latter I* de^ 
barred by the statutes of the imperial house of Ito 


readily leap the divinity hedge, and really work; hut Prince from holding any such office, a« well a* from surevsslou to 

George of Greece worn* to la- a fighter n't the front, and an- •*-- •*- * ' ■ '• *' , L “ 

other exception, as princes go. The peril of tire young man 
who licara tire title of the Caarowliz Iuih been treated upon liy 
the iiews|Hi|wrs. and everybody i* generally pleased that he 
escapod mortal Injury, lie could uut help l<eing horn into 
the royal family of ltuasiu. mid even if his father b an au- 


the throne iu cure of the death of his Ueplrews. The cniIMT 
for this diM|i>alirteaiion is the Lutheran faith professed by 
his German wife— a woman of great Inanity, strength of 
character, and obstinacy. All efforts to Induce her to Join 
the Orthodox Church have proved fruitless, and not even 
the knowledge that Iter refusal 'to alaoilou lire Lutheran 
rite would cut ofT both her 
husband and herself from 

the line of succession has 

been able to make her give 
way In lire matter The 
next in order of seniority of 
Hie Emperor * brothers U 
tire Gntnd Duke Alexis— a 
man of niagnllk-cnt pres- 
cnee, but of weak character, 
who enjoy* neither lire con- 
sideration nor tire respect of 
hi* muntrymrn, and who 
bus been repeatedly discip- 
lined by both the laic and 
lire reigning f'zar for tire 
discreditable intrigues with 
which he lin* from time to 
time permitted his name to 
become connected, 

In official circles in Hu* 
slu.lt I* Micvcd that Alex- 
ander III. bus ulmsdy desig- 
nated his brother, the Grand 
Duke Sergiu*, a* Hegent, in 
the event of tire minority of 
hi* auccesaor. Sergiu* i* 
yellow uni for his fanaticism, 
and for his aversion to ev- 
erything foreign. He is lire 
ncknowlcdpsi lender of tire 
ultra-orthodox and old Hus- 
slim element, and enjoys 
more Ilian any other racm- 
bi-r of tire lni|>erin] family 
the eohrtdenre and nITivtinn 
of the Autocrat. Tire latter 
Ini* n'cenily conferred upon 
him lire most important of. 
flew of the Empire, nanrelv. 
that of Governor-General of 
Moscow, where he Is now 
acquiring an unenviable no- 
toriety by the shocking bru- 
tality with which his expul- 
sion of tire Jewish imputa- 
tion of the locality b being 
curried into effect.' 


It Is unlikely, however, that Sergius would Ire permit 'id 
to Muiimo the regency without serious opposition on the twit 
of hi* two elder brothers. Wnldiinir and Alexis, around wleeu 
would rally the more liberal and progressive member* of tlie 
government aud of the population Indeed, if tbc necr*silr 
foe a regency were to occur land in view of the coo Haul 
danger of suaxsinstinn lowhit-h lire Czar ami the Claris* HI 
are exposed, It may happen at any llmei, lire world would 
pmlithly Ih- callrd upon to witness, if not a civil ami Train 
tidal war. tit any rale * repetition of the tcrroibm and Mood 
slieil wbirh marked in 1*2-1 the acccwion to lire tbmue of 
Emperor Nicolas in lieu of his elder brother, the Czaroaitl 
Constantine. 

Tire meotion of the latter serve* in recall to mind not only 
one of the im«t mysterious and drnmmir inrident* of Ro» 
*Un liiHnry. hut also thr fuel that the title of '* Czarowiu.' 
llrsl invented liy Peter the Ureal, has nut always been home 
hv tire rhlcM son ami heir of the reigning emperor. Tbit* 
lire Grand I hike t'oustanline. to whom reference bus JuU 
been made, received tlie title of Cznrowlt*,” or "Son of 
tire Czar," in 1 71/11. as a reward for hi* gnllantry on the Held 
of tattle, although at die Him* he was only a younger son e| 
tire Emperor Paul. Hr retained it until hi* death in IKSI, 
wlreu the Em|N-rurNlco'.iis l**u«da ukase touring tlreilateof 
10th Setrtembcr. and which run* a* follow*: "We order that 
our well- beloved Bon. tbc heir to tire throne of All the Ruwu. 
II. I. II.. the Grand Duke Alexander Nieolaiewiu U. lie styled 
from ibis dav on all occaahma Clarowitx and Grand Duke." 


Digitized by Google 


SCAT sa, 1W1. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


.189 



THE LAUNCHING OF TnF. ICY FLEETS. 

BT BDMTSD COLLINS. 

Tint builders of Hint terrible fleet l list snil* every spring 
out of north* ru sens and spreads through smiOiern waters 
bare their work shop* in the interior of Ureeuiund. eight and 
ten thousand feel above tbe level of the sen. 

Several opinions have bran held os to tbe cause of ice- 
bergs. but the observation* of Intelligent Northern explorer* 
amf other* who hove visited Grranlund. ns well os the state- 
ment* of the Esquimau uml Danish residents along tbe west- 
ern coast, have no doubt that tbe hundred* of thoiisantU of 
Icebergs that every spring and summer terrify our ix-ean 
steamer* arc simply detachments from the glaciers that per- 
petually cover the "face of Northern lands. 

As far ns can be learned. Uie interior of Greenland has 
a surface of tall hills and deep gulches, with an elevated 
rouge rather uii the eastern side, running from north to 
aouib. Hence, if tbe climate hi the interior of Greenland 
were mild, ibis ex 
tendril range would 
serve as a wa- 
ter -shed. diverting 
streams to the tea 
on both coasts But 
the temperature 
oome distance in- 
land is nearly al- 
ways below the 
freezing • point, so 
that the almost con- 
stant snowfall and 
tile brief midsum- 
mer rains remain on 
lira surface, accu- 
mulating year after 
year, till them ate 
lot used thousands 
of square mile* of 
blue ronqiart Ire. 
aonie of it over 1300 
feet thick. 

We now see tbe 
purpose of the great 
north and south 
ridge. This enor- 
mous body of ice, 
like water, is sub 
ject to the laws of 
gravitation, and is 
eternally on the 
marcli to the sea. 

But its rate of trav- 
el I* so slow as to 
be in most places 
imperceptible to the 
eye. 80 deep la this 
mass of inland ice 
that after a couple 
of days’ march from 
the sea there are no 
longer toy hills vis- 
ible. the entire land- 
scape being white 
anu naked. The ice 
from the higher 
ground is being 
constantly forced 
into the valleys, and 
most of throe val- 
leys terminate tow- 
ard tbe sen in very 
deep fjords. These 
fiords are in reality 
the launeliwuys for 
most of tl»e Ice flow 
and a great many 
of the bergs. These 
sluiceway* were not 
»u deep at the And, 
but Uie constant 

grinding of tile stu- 
|kcnd»us Ice mass 
down their channel* 
have gouged out the 
hard rock to a depth 
of severnl hundred 
feet. Yet for all 
this stupendous 
pressure seaward, 
tin- dislunre trav- 
elled per day by a 
great many of the 
glaciers will not ex- 
ceed from three to 
six fret, though 
•owe of them travel 
as much aa eighty 
feet and over. You 
might lie for hour* 
in your bout by 
must of the glaciers 
where the v enter 
the sea, aod not be 
•ware that they 
were moving ; bat 
each ooe pushes 
constantly, and til 
• regular rate of 
•peed. outward ami outward Into the «*. till the buoyancy 
of the water uuder it causes it to break at tbe shore, and 
acts It free to rove the ocean for ibuumuds of miles, till it 
melts in southern 1st dudes. 

But like**- great sluiceways an- situated leagues ifpsrt along 
both coasts, sad through them only a part of the glacial ire 
travels to the coast. The glacier sometime* moves seaward 
over a vast plain, which terminates in a cliff tiring more than 
one thousand feet out of deep water, it it here that the 
grandest and nmt awful part of ill* pagvaat ku this stupen- 
dous procession is witnessed. Piled on the top of tike cliff. 
bo high that it *ram» to reach the clouds, the wonder stunk 
stranger sees lire dull blue moss, but it looks as lived a* tbe 
liill upon which it rests. Would Ire linger about these wa- 
ins for some days, he will notice that the great ice anil soon 
overto|*i tbe Iron-stained cliff, forcing it* way outward, fre- 
quently hundreds of feet, till it seems to hung unsupported 
in mid-air. He will then move away from like bodeful shore, 
ami the Esquimau from a safe distance w ill point shuddering 
•l the fee muuninia in Uie air. The very sea is darkened 


have split Into scvcrnl ports The iraberg is a very giddy 
sailor, frequently boring its feet, and turning tumultuous 
summersaults III" the sea For this reason I always shudder 
when I see daring ami ignorant persons go too near one of 
these flouting island*. By far the greuler number of tlio 
bergs are branched on the western coast, for the greater 
slope is in that direction, but the stormier sens of the eastern 
cixxst are also white with them. From lira number* seen at 
different points from both roasts, from the number nn<| size 
Of die glacier* and their rale of movement, it would not he 
an over estimate to say, though the flgurea are trrrlft lug. 
tii.it not fewer Ilian frutu Are to six hundred thousand ice- 
bergs are Iniincbcd every year In Greenland to be sent on 
their southerly march toward spring. Their departure Ibis 
year was earlier than usual, a vast number of them having 
evidently started about the 1st of Februnry, for ships lately 
reaching port my tlmt they have met in the regular travel 
track belwran Sew York and Great Britain several berg* 
and extensive lines. But in spite of the early southern 
movement of tiro 
bergs thin year. 

I hr re is no ground 
for fearing that a 
greater numlirr of 
Ihne ocean inrais- 
lora will infest the 
pathway of ship- 
ping than other 
year*, because the 
"movement of each 
ghirier M pretty 
uniform, aud dis- 
charges about as 
much ice into the 
sen one year a* an- 
other. Jlisl DOW 
all the lower water* 
of Buffin'* Bay, the 
whole of Davis's 

Strait. I lie entire 

coast of Green Inud. 
from lieyond I'pcr- 
nuvik to Cape Fure- 
wrll. are studded 
with Use white 

monsters on tbolr 
southern intirch. 
Tim lirle. of course, 
ruus six hours 

not tli trad six hours 
south, hut tbe bergs 
do not swing back 
and forth regularly 
with the tides; they 
move but u short 
distance back dur- 
ing the six hours 
of tbe northerly 
current, hut they 
mnke great s peril 
during (he southern 
set The Strait of 
Belle Isle, between 
Newfoundland and 
Labrador, at some 
points only from 
seven to nine miles 
wide, is now fnirly 
thronged, ami it is 
the |Kirt!uu of the 
tied that moves 
through that pas- 
»iigc which I* roost 
dangerous to *bi|u. 

1 have often wen 
iceberg* splitting in 
the ntralt as they 
do on tike Greenland 
const, and tike rend- 
ing apart fills the 
nir with an awful 
sound. They like to 
hug dot* the New- 
foundland coast, 
and hundreds of 
them go aground 
six leagues from 
land in" the open 
sea. If they strike 
Ixittom during neap 
tides, they are float- 
ed away again with 
tile spring tides on 
their southern jour 
ney. flom* years 
ago one strayed into 
the very mouth of 
the harlmr of St. 
John's, Newfound 


with a current that sets with much greater fore* toward the 
Smith Ilian toward the North. Were these currents of equal 
power, all the waters of Use North, bow the ahhiiiig-plnc* of 
myriad* of creatures, all the shores touched hy these waters 
amt inhabited by human beings, would soon he choked with 
ice. and the puq>o*e of Dature in that region would be frus- 
trated. All day. when the weather is "calm, the explorer 
along these glacial fringes is startled regularly by in at trig 
great thunders, some so remote that they conic to hi* ear* 
like a nionu, others to awful that lie imagines the very earth 
is fi Hindering. 

Toward latitude SO’ the entire coast is bur ini under the 
glacier, and n* many a* nearly 900 bergs in this neighbor- 
hood liave bran counted at one time, flame of these" liergs 
mnvMircil more than four square miles at the baa*. mid were 
aground in nearly £000 fret of water. Alton t rigid-ninth* 
of any iceberg is uuder water, aud those blue. glistening 
mountains thru terrify the ocean traveller represent only niw- 
ninlb of the ice island. Hundreds of these "ground " where 
they fall from (ho glacier, and only flout away alter they 


laud, the water be- 
ing very deep there, 
ami blink ailed thu 
port for more than 
a week, when it 
foundered, with 
noises ns great a* 
the booming of can- 
non, uml floated 
away in three or 
four pieces. It caused the temperature in the city to fall, 
and the curly June flowers mid plants withered hi the 
nights. 

Tliero i» no doubt that many of the bergs (P't larger after 
tlkeyare set afloat on tiieGrccrilatid roast*, flomcllmct two. 
three, or more of them will become locked together in the 
open sea. and with like llkenikamcicr ranging from St)° toflU u 
Uli># xeM, the mass become* solidly welded together The 
spray, moreover, is constantly limbing over them in the 
storm, aod freezing upon them In thi* way alone in n few 
week* the visible portion of the berg will he considerably 
enlarged. Tliere 1* no oilier way of necouuting for the bug* 
Islands three, four, and even five mile* in area Unit are- found 
Hunting ao often fur out in Ballin'* Buy. Had they fallen 
over the cliff from the glacier in that hulk, I doubt if tliero 
i« anywhere close against the cliff wider enough to flout 
them "off. Frequently, too. a wandering l*-rg crushes into 
some large detachment of n floe, and the two become 
frozen together, aud drift off down the bay. Tim ocean 
voyager u sometime* surprised at seeing largo black spots 


under thi* menace; the aeul and walrus awltn away; the 
polar- hear leave* his pave in the rock*; and the diver, guille- 
mot. and the auk* take wiag and fly to a safer neiglt botitood. 
A day or two more may pass. and "nothing except the waves 
break* thr silence of the durkenrd shore, " Then the native, 
lying ncrhapH many feel under the ground, und many mile* 
away from the overspreading glacier, start* in his *Vcp at 
the quick quiver in the solid land and the thunderous boom- 
ing in the air. Tho Ice mountain bus fallen out of tike 
clouds, or, ms the natives express it, " the glacier has calved." 
and ouc more menace to ships bos been M‘t aflual. Woe to 
the ship or tho kayak that has been near that part of the *ea 
w hich received this gigantic visitor from the clouds. I.ater, 
the natives, looking up from their skin boat*, sec that the 
ice mountain lias broken off some distance bark from the top 
of tbe cliff, and is drifting with the strong southern tide of 
Baffin's Bay. 

Tlie North seems anxious to get rid of her over produc- 
tion of ice, aud nature cornea to her aid bj supplying her 


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39D 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. KM. 


on some monster herg«, and examination ho* 
shown (hew spots in In- huge bowlders or 
obstructing pi. mini* of Uni) met anil carried 
away by Ihe glacier in il* march l<i I In- sen. 
X intlwra nf si'ii fowl, nniuidy tin- >t 

■mi razor bill auk*, like in ml ciu (lie ice- 
berg* now nrir] again, nnd gi’l a free ritlc part 
of (lie wnv in thr liini rock* and other n«-»«. 
inr-phre*'. Whenever llie bird* find it piece 
of hind adhering 1o the hrrg liny completely 
cover it. 

A* all who have sreii there white cold 
wanderer* know, iceberg* orero to lx* of two 
kind*, llie irregular one* sending up pinnii 
cki sometimes several hundred fret high, 
nnd Uiom! which praent smooth. cliff like 
side* noil regular lop*. I have no duuht 
whatever iliat tiir difference i» only n arm 
lug true. and tlmt a licrg with a tint ti>|> and 
pretty even side* msv have it* pinnacle* un- 
der water. Oner while looking in Wonder 
at A Iwrg off the Labrador const, nnd think- 
ing how much it resembled n great mm of 
Middle Age Italian architecture, il Midden ly 
rocked nnd tumbled, it* tower* nnd spirra 
disappearing, and a perfectly Hat top lip 
pearitig iu their stead. 

I may sny Iliat ignorance r»f the origin of 
iceberg* I* wide *preiut. even lire sen enptallis 
only knowing tlmt they mine somewhere 
from the North But Dr. Xnn«cn's olnervn- 
t ions, iimde during u reeent trip new** Hw 
in In nil i i- of Greenland, »rl all ilouht* at 
rest. But it bus lung lieen known Hint each 
•nr of the numerous great fjord* along llie 
western fruit of Greenland send* out into 
the sen eight or ten million cubk feet of lee 
every yrnr. Then think of the number of 
berg* thill thciie three L'liieier* alone eiui turn 
loose upon the sen in u year The grrnt 
glitrieT in the ice fjord of Jnkoltshavn trav 
el* sometimes at the rate of sixty. four feet n 
day. thr glacier in Toraukatnk Fjord move* 
over thirty feet a day. while the great l’ per 
navlk glacier discharge* itself at Use rate 
of about a hundred feel in twenty ■ four 
hour*. 

Icebergs travel again*! the wind, if the tide 
he with them, in consequence of the greater 
part of their bulk being under water. 


LOVE’S SHADOW. 

Mr lady *lgh«. Her thought i* stirred 
By something that *lw deeply feel*. 
But cannot tell. The mating bird 
In witchery of song reveals 
A sympathy. She. too. could sing. 

DM »he hut fully comprehend 
The meaning of those notes that ring. 
And with the Joy of living blend. 

My lady Invea A cron* her path. 

Unknown to her. a shadow lies. 

All life it* perfect folue** hath 
In bird nnd bud and cloudless skier. 
Yet. echoing Use songster'* bliss. 

She sigh* tiefore the tong is done. 
8-lie doc* not know lnve'a shadow i* 
Far brighter than the noonday sun. 

Flavel Scorr Mines. 


THE FIRST-BORN. 

BY DAVID OKA HAN 1'IIII.LIPM 

Pit WTO 5T found hi* wife in a low anitle** 
fix-king clmlr before lire grate Are of Imt bed- 
room. Their Why hoy. whore first weak 
rail against the miseries of existence bud Weil 
heard hut two month* tiefore, lay fiat upon 
hi* liot'k in her lnp. He wa- swathed In a 
long woollen night-gown, which bulged rest- 
leauy undi'r the im|Mlience of hi* leg*. 

Tite mother won pinching bis cheek* and 
smothering him with kisse... This cruised 
him to give rent to bubbling gasp* of delight 
and to wave Ills clinched fl»t* convulsively. 
When she saw her husband she lifted Hie 
Why, supporting hi* body with one hand, 
ami’ ids uncertain Imck with the other. Hi* 
big head, fallen forward, rollt-d from »hle to 
side, while his bright eye* stared at hi* father 
fixedly, nnd without the smallest gleam uf 
intelligence. Preston smiled constrainedly, 
and put one forefinger under the ratlierdamp 
chin. 

As tire child allowed that he disapproved 
of the change of position, his mot her put hint 
in her lap ngain. ami began the interrupted 
play. Preston looked down upon it with an 
irritated cxprrs*inn. When the nurse ralne 
in with a small tub partly tilled with warm 
water, Iw looked about awkwardly, a* though 
he were out of place. Then Im sit down la 
a deep leather chair by the window. A* he 
watched the two women nnd the linliy. a 
feeling of Isolation and -adne** grew upon 
him. 

When the nurse had put the lath on the 
mg near the fire, she pushed to the mother'* 
side a small table spread with the articles of 
a baby's toilet. W bile the child wo* Wilting, 
the mother kept up u steady flow of talk, nt 
time* addressed to tbe father, alway* Intend 
ed for tbe son. 

She took off the long woollen gown. Then 
die lined llie child, nod laid him genily in 
the bath. At first touch of the water he 
clutched wiklly. and (wl*ted hi* face Into a 
crimson tangle. But the warmth and the 


snfety guaranteed by the voice nnd fingers of 
the mother n-anutred him. He was **mn 
'plushing arid kicking ns widely ns the run 
row im-s* of hi* hath al lo wrsl , 

Ills fare rishlciicd and |>urkrfed a* lie wit* 
lifted III llie blanket on hi* mot Iter's lnp. lint 
thr softness of llie decry towel console! him. 
At last she was done, and be lay straight and 
glowing. Hi* eye* chived languidly. The 
talk Ilf the mother ceased. Then- was silence 
in the morn, except her mouoiorinu* and 
soothing ” Mh-h-lt' sh fa h!" ns site rocked to 

Md fro. 

The husband's eyea turned away impatient- 
ly a* he mw llie liuik iu her face. Site was 
admiring, with a look of Perfect love, the 
lirnutv of the smooth round form in her lnp. 
The skill of the child wns soft und tlelienle. 
Wave* of color, first pure white, then rosy 
pink, passed acmes it from liend to feel. 

They put a few clothe* iipoa him roqulet- 
ly tbui lit- only smiltsf, amt did not awaken, 
'('lie unr-e left tbe mom. mid lltete Was no 
movement or sound lull the orcwsinnal alow 
rock, with the faint 11 Sh-li h!” which accom- 
pnnhsl It. The mother looked steadfastly 
nt her child. The husband watched her 
sadly. 

They hod married two year* lieforc. As 
botll weir strong. -willed ami positive, then- 
had In t'ii much dashing In the tint twelve- 
month of tbrir life together. Each wns find- 
ing out the real character of the other, so dif- 
ferent in many way* from the character inch 
hod ndmirvd brfoie mnrriiige. Hut in this 
undeceiving tlwre had Wen no serious disil- 
lusion. and tlieir loro had grown stronger. 
Through tills love happiness had gradually 
come. 

Just a* they were entering upon this un- 
cx pec led hapjiine*M. which contra In married 
life if any at nil. just then the baby wns born. 
Pre-ton hud lixikcd forward to the event 
with unnisincsa and duastUfsrtinn It luul 
seemed to him tlmt a third pereua would be 
nil interloper. And bts feeling wo* shared 
by his wife. 

But with the Idrlli of the child came llie 
birth of the matemal ir.Minrt Pn-ston found 
himself alone in bis dissatisfaction, lie re- 
nlind tills when lie nw bis wife afterward. 
At lirst be wa* uwed by the change iu her 
face, by I Ik- mysterious Wing whose bend 
m-'ili'd to Iter shoulder, by the wonder of 
birth ntt-.l maternity. Then, ns llie meaning 
of it for him mine to id* mind, the Instant 
thought was Hint she was more Inal to him 
tbnu if stie were dead 

A few day* before, her eye* hod in llwm 
the sparkle au*l the frequent flash of passion- 
ate hive fur him. Xuw those same eye* 
were turned to him with tenderness, hut 
with a changed tenderness that pained him 
keenly. 

She was still young. She wa* still beaiili 
fill. But in those few days the quality of 
tin- youth ami the beauty hail hern trans- 
formed. Her face now shone with the calm 
ne»* nnd serenity of a mother. And Ute *ml 
conviction rami- to tbe husband that the 
change whs final. 

On tii in morning, two month* afterward, 
a* she sal iu the low chair, in health and 
strength again, he studied Hie change mom 
carefully, lie hud Is-en trying to deceive 
himself during these two months. He fell 
tlint lie could deceive blm*elf no longer. 

He cored for her as before: more pcrbu|M 
since he grasped » dearly the change In her, 
But she. sitting there with her child, cared 
for him in a new way. The child was first, 
the central figure, in her life henceforth. 
Kite loved the father through the rbild. 

lit the dnvs of their courtship he had fail 
ded that the passing of year* would not 
touch llirin Wiim her hair would be gray 
mid his hair would Is- scant they would ding 
together si ill, including everything and ev 
cry one else. Now' all this wits thwarted, 
brought to naught in the vety dawn of their 


real hnppine**. The girl wife wua gnne.wllb 
no hope of return. 

This Mirall form luul pushed in between. 
These clinched hand*, so unskilful. *o help- 
h-<*. Irad vet buttered them apart. They must 
coni'- each to the other, anew, nnd through 
the child. 

He teemed to himself to he passed away. 
He felt a* though lie were in another world, 
looking across a wide gulf to the far plnre 
where the chlhl lav In the mother's lap. And 
he thought, with utter bti-k of hope, that he 
was straining his arms and his heart in vain. 

Tlte instinct love wlneb showed In her 
eyes a* *lte looked nt the scarcely featured 
flics? fllksl him with Ifilterne-s. "And its 
lime passe*. ’ he thought. " this will not grow 
less lull greater Site may conceal it when 
she find* that it siuIm me But her real 
hciirt will lie lurn-d against nw. She will 
care for nw. but she will plan nnd scheme 
nnd try to control me for his sake— for their 
sake, if there are more. " 

Tl«en he thought of III* own father nnd 
mother. How intensely hi* mother bod lovrd 
him! Ilow often (he hail dilrfaled him from 
lii* father! And he wondered how hi* fa- 
ther hail felt nt first. " He certainly cared 
for me. ami lw amt my mother lived happily, 
contentedly, loving ihrir rhildren before 
themselves." 

And he saw that he loo would no doubt 
grew to cure for this little one m some such 
way a* hi* wife now cared ’ And I (ball he 
content." he snid to him«r]f. " as my father 
was content. anil 1 shall forget the happiness 
Ihni might have hern in llie nicnaure and 
pride that are. But I sbull In* laser. For I 
nave lost her exclusive love. I shall have 
only Hie second plare in her heart, nnd in 
tlw I wart uf her child. For he will love her 
first, lie will be tlmt Iter*: mine through 
Iter only." 

VYhlle llw husband wa* -catching In vain 
for rnnsolalion. tlw wife also was thinking 
of the change in their relations. She u tilized 
a* fully a* he tlmt there had been a change, 
a transfer of love. And in a ccrtnin wnv she 
fell sorry for him But she had no regret 
for the iiappinevs they Iwth thought they 
should regret os they talk it over before- 

lmletsl she wils wondering how she could 
have been so hit nil then. For this new love 
was so sweet to Imt. so sclfalaorbing and 
self denying! ilow strange, how wonderful, 
how satisfying «M the new love — the love 
for this sinnil (icing which was hem through 
the miracle of birth, through suffering lo be 
reramilK-rcd only with gludne**- 

She realized the isolation of Iwr husband, 
yet she could not long think of It, She was 
*« absorbed with her son. - My son! ' she 
thought, oud site bent to kls» him softly, 
while the Joy of maternal |*i*m-s*ion went 
through her like a strung, joyful wine. Her 
thought* Imped along the year*, picturing 
him us lie would be when he could walk nurl 
talk, when he should In* it school boy. a youth, 
it great mnn, of wltom she wa**o proud, who 
lovetl Iwr mi. 

The look Hint came into Iwr face with these 
thoughts rut Iwr husband to the quick, lie 
arose utid stood look lug bitterly out of the 
window. 

" 8be is no longer a wife. She is a mo- 
ther!" be mid. 


THE LAUNCHING OP THE 
•• MONTEREY." 

Dmnco (be visit of the Presidential parly 
to Son Francisco, which extended over *ov- 
eml dnys, April Will was probably one of the 
mo*» interesting It *«» a day lull of inci- 
dent. beginning milh a reception of the city 
clergy hv Hie President, after which the party 
embarked upou the steutuer ( Yfy of J'iieblo, 


nnd steamed about the l»y. pn*alur seaward 
through tlw Golden Gate. Without any 
pnrlirulur reference lo Italy, which had njt 
then ssilwidcd, or without any ihougbt of the 
yt'.M incident, which liad not then taken 
place. President HarrBun ms-ined deeply in- 
tcn-*l*sl in the defence* of tlw hoy, or rather 
tlw lack of defences. According to a local 
paper, lie showed “a surprising measure u 
knowledge'' in the matter. This wa* a fit. 
ting Inlnxlnctlon to the ceremonies of the 
afternoon, which rnn*i*lcd of tlw launching 
of the new emud defence vessel jfailmv. 

It Is to the late Secretary uf Uw Navy. 
Mr. Whitney, that tlw credit la due, for wlih 
him the design of the Monlrrry originated 
She is a twin-screw vessel of the urmured 
type, I xwriog the heaviest armor rind arena 
liirnt for Iwr displacement of any v«*el 
afloat. Her length on liter water line Is 256 
feet: extreme length. 262 feet 4 inrlira: ex- 
treme breadth, .19 fret. Her s|u?ed is esti- 
muted at ffl knots. Of entire steel construc- 
tion, tlw MonUmy p.vurawx also a duiible 
1* it loin, with outer plates of one half Inch in 
llitckurx*. while llie plates of llw inner hull 
lire five slxlrrnlti of nil Inch. Two and one- 
half feet i« tlw distance between llw hulls. 
One hundred and ten watertight compart 
incuts arc hem, which may be filled In reduce 
the vessel lo fighting trim, which will leave 
only shout one foot of side visible above Hie 
water. Her displacement will then lw 4-PMi 
tons, while in sea going condition the dis- 
placement is lmt44NX8 tons. Wlwn equipped, 
Ihe MonUrry will carry two 12 inch arid two 
HFinch lirccch kiadlng’ rifle*. aimI six 8 pound 
rapid firing guns. A new 1-1 inch pnruntnlic 
dynamite gun will he a valuable addition 
lo Imt armament, a* the gun will throw 
1000 pound projectiles rnnlnining half their 
weight In dynamite. At present, however, 
the Monlrrry is tint a hare hull, and it will lie 
aoroe time before she will lie in a condition 
to improve the dcfoncM of ban Francisco, 
which iruprraani the President as decidedly 
deficient. 

The hull rested upon tlw wava at the ship- 
yard of llw Union Iron works when Mr. 
nnd Mm Harrison, with their parly and ills 
tinguiabed escort, arrived. The Union Iron- 
works, which have Hie coostruclion of Ihe 
tccscI in charge, had about 5000 guest* pre- 
sent. atul the uninvited numluTed tlirre times 
a* many, bo there was a large and enthusias- 
tic audience. I-eaving out the marioe dis- 
play. the decorations, noise, and general en- 
thukinsm, the ceremony of :lic hunching w as 
simplicity itself. Tlte Rev. Dr. Mm'ken- 
zie delivered an Invocation. Mm. Harrison 
pressed an electric huttnn, and the Monlrrry 
(Iliat Is lo be> .lid the rest. The hull slid 
slowly into tlw water, while Min* Kale Gunn, 
daughter of the secretary of the Union Iran- 
work*. smashed a buttle uf good wine on Ihe 
iron bow. The afirr-mHiit was noise and 
confusion— principally Doisc. 


AX IDLER, 

8 nr. cannot wind the distaff. 

(die can nor l*tke nor brew; 

Her hands nrc Indeed loo dainty 
Such labors to pursue. 

Nie care* not lo follow the harvest. 

Sbr neither can sow nor glean. 
But wait* for tbe weary reapers 
With cheerful ealnt serene. 

Commsoding all to serve her. 

From service she U free; 

But. alt, my bolie, so helpless. 

Is health and wraith to me! 

Florence Karls Coates. 



XA t 23, 1891. 


391 



Tint importance or coli-rob maltreat Ids 
week makes unusual demand* <•« our space, 
and compel* a postponement of llwjuulilf 
question until next week. 

Tiik aroHKOPTHr. Ymj^HaKTahd pmw 
last Saturday at < 'amtiriik'f give* no Ulca 
how Intensely interesting the cuiilret* wen*. 
Eighty five to twmly-wrrii certainly lends 
the Imprcwkw thnt one of the teams wa* not 
“ in it.*’ ye* every event, vritli one nr two ex- 
ceptions) was clow, Sherrill ’* defeat itnd 
xiitwri|iirnt brvnkdowa took the wind com- 
pletely out of Yule s Mils *n far a* making 
nuv hid for first place, though even luul I to 
captured Ixjtli the 100 tuid 330 Uni nice* it 
would onlv hare Irvcnawd Yale* wore eight 
point*, and tuken seven from Harvard Kerry 
Yale athlete except Hcnvtllo nntl JonM ntn 
up to his top form, nnd renelied the figure* 1 
guve last week. hut those figure* weren't high 
enough to win. Ten days ago. on public 
form, there «u very little choice in tire ath- 
letic strength of the two college*; *lnce last 
Saturday, however, it is different. Harvard 
has developed moat aatonuhing Strength in 
track athletics, In numbers nod quality 
there ltaa never been Midi a Mm put forth 
by an American university. There are not 
a few cTackannly, bulatmoat every event bn* 
a half dozen men who finish inn hunch: par- 
ticularly it this true of the middle distances. 
The very heavy truck, owing to the tncesuint 
downpour of rain, was instrumental, like- 
wise. in allowing bow strong and well trained 
the men were. Harvard owes her RUGCGM on 
tlie track In a very large inra*iire to James O. 
Lathrop. 

NoTwmtSTAKDTSGTn react that Harvard 
is nbaohitrly certain of winning tlrst in tho 
lulerculleglate Championship* on the SOtb, 
and by a larger wore than thut of any previ- 
ous year, the event Will be the moat inter- 
esting of any In years. Tlrere ha* never been 
a time In the history of collegiate athletic* 
When there were M> many good men entered; 
anil while in many instance* the wiuuer* may 
lie picked on public form, tbs race will be 
cli.su* and not settled until the rape is breast 
cd. Last year Harvard captured 83 poinls; 
Yale, 281; Princeton. 34: Columbia. 18}; 
and Amherst. 13, It looks this year tw 
though the score might run on Hie night of 
lire 80lh: Harvard. 43 to DO; Yale, 2fl; Co- 
lumlila. 10: Princeton. 17; Amherst. 8; Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. 5. It Is a tom tip, 
however, for wound place lielwcen Yale, 
Columbia, and Princeton, though their wore* 
are not likely to varv hot a few point* from 
tli* figure* given. Ybe bread jump will he 
the settler. 

Its niK iMttXTS Princeton should have 
a sure drat with Cory in both tire 100 and 
330; second place in holli of these event# 
seem* pretty safe for Harvard, with Hawes 
In the shorter nnd Conk in the longer. 
Though Vredenhorgb, of Princeton, lias al- 
ways defeated Hawes, the Harvard man has 
shown much improvement this year, greater 
than the other, and it is on that account I 
give him the preference Victor M«pr* hn* 
also shown lx- tier form in the 100 thnu Vre- 
denburgh, and should gel third, or even sec- 
ond. Cook did 33| last Saturday for the 230 
on a very heavy track, nnd Hurt's good 
enough to make him a pretty safe second on 
tlic 80lh, The hurdle* will lie the greatest 
events of the day. In the 12d. public form 

S vea firs* to Williams, Yala, who lias several 
me* reached 18 seconds, even doing It on 
that heavy track at Cambridge last Saturday, 
but Herbert Mape*. Columbia, ha* greatly 
improved, and will make a harder race than 
lie did last year. H« 1* much stronger, take* 
tike hurdles' with the greatest skill, and is a 
decidedly formidable opponent. Fearing, 
Harvard) will pike third. The 230 hurdle 
will bo a great race. Lee. of Harvard, Itolds 
the record, but William*. Yale, i* *o chare to 
liitn that there i* reallv little eltoice between 
them. In the Yale- -Harvard game* hut Sat- 
urday they were just about even in thi* 
event at the 150 yard mark, when l a* 
■vrerved iuto William*, and knocked him 
out of his stride. Peurlug will take third lit 
this ul*o. 

The qtAirrER mile will tie a stubborn 
flKht Rixldy, of Princeton, should capture 
first. He hn* been much interrupted in Ills 
training Hie punt inonih, being sick with the 
measles for a while, and thi n injuring onr «r 
bis toe* no a* to lone the nail. If he mote* 
up in form, he .should win. and get class 
to 00 seconds; indeed he will lie obliged to. 
for Wright. of Harvard, Isdangeroti*. though 
on inconsistent performer, and i* said in have 
done a quarter in At. Mullen*, alto of Har- 
vard I* n good niau, and likely to take third. 
Columbia baa Langdon. who has dune 02. 
nnd Yale ha* Jonr* and Scovllle. who have 
about equalled that time; hut tbr Aral three 
a*rf in to have the call. If Princeton lone* 
till* event, she is certain to drop into fourth 
place. Sbntluck, of Amherst, ha* a record 
of 52|. did well last year, but it Is dou bifid if 
be i* not out-clamed this. In the half mile I 
can't tt* any man who ha* allow n a* good 
claim to Unit n* White. Harvard; he r«n a 
Half ia*t Saturday at Cambridge, oo a very 
heavy track covered with puddles, and In a 


HARPER’S 


hard rain, in 2.(11}. Wright, of Yale, who 
has done 301|. tints) ted second, nnd the tight 
should be between these two on the AOlll. 
Voaburgh I have placed third; lie has ii rec- 
ord of 8.09. and I* much stronger in every 
wav thau wtien he made It; but that 2.01} oil 
ao heavy a track seems to nlncc the Harvard 
man in the lead, Halcbelder, of Harvard, is 
a greatly improved man. and will keep the 
third man moving lively. 

Tiik mii.k hits will be another very clow, 
hard nice from start to finish Each college 
hn* good entries, and it l» safe to tmr Hint 
there will be more men finish inside of 4. JIB 
than has ever Ren seen In one net of games. 
Wells, of Amherst, on public form, might to 
lie given tire Ore |xiinls. and yet I should not 
be at nil surprised to see him defeated: it 
seem* as though there wn* too much young 
ituibillou* blood this year, magnificently 
trained, for Wells to contend with Nichols, 
of Harvard, will either take first nr go vrry 
clove 10 it; be ran the distance on the heavy 
Cambridge track, in a driving rain, in 4.1)3}, 
Ellsworth, of Yale, making <i very clone sec- 
ond to him. Both Horn hostel and Whitney, 
of Columbia, arc good strong men, the for- 
mer lia* done 4.84. and Hie latter. 4.80; they 
have not equalled Niehol* or Ellsworth, but 
there >s oo knowing what they might do on 
the 30tli. Besides throe . there Is Lowell, of 
Harvard. who is reported tobavedone s round 
4 MS; be did not show up mromineutly in 
the Yale llnrvnrd games, likely, on account 
of the heavv track ; he uuy upset calcula- 
tions, hut if he does he mu*t rut) faster than 
he has thus far. Wood bridge, of Princeton. 
1* also a good man. but will probably not be 
fast enough to slay with these men, 

Whex the walk begins there Is likely 
to be music, flair, of Harvard, is reported 
to have done 8.88}. but notwithstanding this, 
it is rather my Imureavtnn that Colli*, of Co- 
lumbia, will win, if lie doesn't lose hi* brad. 
He has covered the mile in 7.01. and is walk- 
ing strong nnd fair. Hale lina n very peculiar 
gnil that has created quite a deal of criticism, 
hut competent and unbiaav'd judges declare 
It fair. He should make a hard race, nnd 
finish second, unites In the excitement of a 
close finish be get* ruled off. Thi* is a mat- 
ter for Colli* also to guunl against, (Jregir, 
Amherst, won the mllo easily lx»t year U 
7.18. atwl Ire may upset all calculations hr re- 
peating the performance this year, hut It Is 
doubtful. Owing to hnving hern ill with 
the grip a great deal tills Miring he has not 
improved a great deal, and bis best time hats 
been inured by the other two. If Taxis, of 
the University of Pennsylvania, enters the 
two mile birycln event, first plnrc should fall 
to him. otherwise Harvard will get all the 

f iilnl* in lids event. Davis, Pratt. Taylor, 
lawn* are four riders who can easily give 
handicap to any other college men. Taxis ex 
cc.pted. Ilallock, of Amherst, did fairly well 
last year, hut be is not fast enough this year. 
Tug’ of war will go to Columbia: and first, 
second, ami third in the high jump to Har- 
vard, with Fearing. Green, aud Lee, 

The bbgad jcvp winner is somewhat of 
a difficult one to pick. Rarosdell, Princeton, 
box a record of S3 feet fi indies; V. Mapcs. Co- 
Iambi*, jumped 23 feel V lucbes n few days 
ago; Williams. Yale, bss done 31 feet 10 
Inches; Bloiw, Harvard. 21 feet 10 inches; 
and Green. Harvard. 31 foot 7 Inches Ratn>- 
ddl ha* been 111, and ia not now in good 
form; moreover. Ire la not a consistent per- 
former Mapcs is jumping well, and l rather 
incline to him for first, witli William* sec- 
ond. for lie is a steady roau, and can always 
he depended upon to do 21 fret (I inches at 
least. Kanetdell should take third, though 
he may turn up In great form and take first, 
Hinas and Green have not been showing 
form that would put them in with three 
three, though Blo*a i* liable to make a good 
jump, especially as lie will he fresh. He 
Ini* been ill this spring, and not vet strong, 
liut will do good work in the fall. Tire 

S ole vault should go to Ryder. Yale, with 
Irerwin. Harvard, and Briggs and Carl 
wright. Yale, fighting for second aud third 
place*. Finlay. Harvard, ho* first in the 
shot and.ltammer surely; he did 40 feet in 
tire former and 108 feet ’s inches in the latter 
on Saturday. Etoock, Yale, ought to lake 
second in the shot, though no one knows 
wliat Jefferson, Princeton, ho* been doing. 
Second in the hammer should rest between 
Erin, Harvard, and Jefferson The latter 
won second lost year witli 88 feet 1 inch, and 
Krins did 86 feet lust .Saturday. Etoock has 
done 8(1 feet, but there i* no knowing what 
be may do on lire day of cooijretition. 

WhethRB Tint UftiVKitsm or Pknxsti.- 
vania will aeud over any men ia not known, 
athletic* living in rather n demoralized con- 
dition over that wav. 1 hear. Church and 
West arc the two i»w4 men. The former can 
probably do 2 03 for tire half, ami 5 feet 0} 
inches lu the high jump. Went is equal tu 
4 :Vt in tire mile. None of these are good 
enough for first place. The university 
should send over its team, and work up the 
interest in track athletic* it has neglected for 
several yean. 

The New Ehouid Istebcoi. lech ate 
A thletic Association Ire* been in existence 
four years, ami in that time Amlrerat and 
Dartmouth have each won the pennant twice. 
If there i* anything in the order of alterna- 
tion that hu*’ governed past contests. Dart- 


weekly. 


mouth should win the championship this 
ymr.oi Mxt Wedaredny, at S p ri n g fie l d. it 
must lie remembered, however, ilmt Amherst 
has ail lwt one of her prirjr- winner* of Inst 
year, while ths oilier colleges have sustained 
the ins* uf good men. Last year. Anili«r»l 
look 10 first prizes. 4 seconds, aud 7 tliirda; 
Dartmouth, 4 first*, :t seconds, nnd 4 thirds; 
William*. 8 flr.it*. 3 seconds nnd 4 thirds, 
nnd onlv I first. 7 second*, and 2 thirds were 
left to the smaller colleges. In the post four 
years Amherst ha* taken 25} Aral*, and IB 
seconds; Dartmouth, St} firsts, and K} ree- 
ondv, and William*. 11 first*, and IB} arc 
nnd* It i* evident, therefore, the three lead- 
ers in the Association are quite well raulr lird, 
and that the contest between Amherst ami 
Dartmouth especially will l» a hard and 
cloae one. Williams will doubt lore work 
hard enough to upset calculations In some 
event*, while Bmwn, Trinity, Wwlevnn. nnd 
Woreester, will he seen to better advantage 
than heretofore. 

Ix THE 100-TABD* pash last year Amherst 
tcok every beat, F- Raley winning the final 
on a heavy (rack iu ldf. Hla strongeu rival. 
William* of Dartmouth. Ire* lieen graduated; 
but there will yet to; some fast men in the 
event. Williams has a good Freshman In 
Lee, but experience will count heavily, nnd 
that Is what will aid Dtulmun.of Worcester; 
Hall und Ide. of Dartmouth; Aldiveh, of 
Brown; Boanluian, of Amherst; nnd (May- 
hack, of Wesleyan The 33d yards event 
Will have some’ good men in cUialturk. of 
Amheret; Hall, of Dartmouth; aud Dud- 
mun. of Worcester, and the finish should 
he close. The quarter mile run promise* to 
lie one of the prettiest rates of the day. with 
Jackson and bhatlirek. of Amlrerat; Rowe, 
of Dartmouth; and iHdtnun. af Worcester, 
among the entries. Shattuck wn* first last 

C -»r, with Jackson and Rowe lied for second; 

it the improved form iu die other*, and es- 
pecially in Dndmtin, as*ure*sf>me changes in 
the finish. First should he close between 
Dailmnn and Shattuck. Jackson. of AmbeiM. 
look the half-mile last year, tint Dndtnun 
should be a sure winner lit this if he start*. 

The hioh axi> low iiitbpi.e winners are 
about ns uncertain as Is any event on tire pro- 
gramme. In the 120 yards there will lie 
Ludington. of Amlrerat) Mo. of Dartmouth; 
Hnisington.of Trinity < llalstou, of Wesleyan; 
and Dadmiin. Ludiugton took first last 
rear, with Ralston and Dadmun just behind 
iiim; hut his revere illness, and lire presence 
of several speedy men wilt make tire out- 
come extremely doubtful. Is the 230 prac- 
tically the some men will coin pete, and 
the result Is eaually doubtful RalMoa, and 
Humphrey* of Dartmouth, were tire leader* 
last year. Tire mile run ha* been won three 
years bv Well*, of Amherst, who holds the 
liilercoilegiale record, and there i« not miteli 
probability of a better man appcatlng next 
Wednesday. Wells i* also g,«od for the two- 
mile run. Ore Eg. of Amherst, was the win 
irer of lire mile walk last year at tire Inter 
collegiate cbanipioiiHbip* in New York, and 
Ire i* undoubtedly a sure winner for the 
Springfield meeting. The pule vault was 
taken by Ewing, of Amherst, last year at 8 
feet 3 inches, whose mnat dangerous oppo- 
nent this rear will be Wentworth. of William*. 
The 9-toiw bicycle race was an Amlrerat pro- 
cession hut year — Ilallock. Dolabarre, and 
Pratt; Uo very formidable rivals have been 
beard of. 

Dartmoith will have, very likely, a 

winner in the hammer witli Utile, who was 
second lust year. If Grow, of the Univer- 
sity of Vermont, gain* stcadlnen*. he mny 
be a dark horse, as somr expected him to 
be last year The shot »*« captured by 
Atennhr.af Arabmt, Ims year, ami ns he 
has been doing gooil work) Ire look* like 
a winner In this event. n» In the pule vault 
and running broad jump. Potter, of Dart- 
mouth. seems good for a place, provided 
he recovers from an injury Ire is report- 
ed to have sustained recently. WillSnma 
hn* lost Crook, tire holder of the world's » •- 
cord for the standing high jump, and Is. 
therefore, nut «o sure of thi* and lire standing 
broad. Kdgrrton, nf William*, however. I* 
a fair man iu both events, though the result* 
will depend oo tire new material developed. 
So nlMi in the running high jump, Harrows, 
of Brown, took the event last year, but there 
are new men lobe heard from’, Tire tug-of- 
war eonteM between Dartmouth and Wil 
linm* is an event of much uncertnintv and 
inierert. To the surprise of many. Wiiliam* 
w on it last year, aud It I* Jmpo&uble to con- 
jecture which one will do llie surprising this 
year. At all events, a series of hard-fought 
and interesting contests la assured. 

Thk Harvard crew I* by no means up 
to date. The finish in style and perfect inn 
in waleTnuuuhin which a winning crew ought 
to have a month before the race arc wanting. 
A* 1 Watched them one afternoon lost week. 
1 was dlmp|>ointed to flrnl how little they 
had improved during the jm*t three week*. 
'Plie groundwork for n fu»l crew was evi- 
dent, hut Hie errors in rigging nnd the poor 
watermanship gave little encounierment that 
the necessary Improvement could take place 
before the last of June. The owra were run- 
stantly hilling the water, the catch and finish 
were poorly timed, and there wo* a general 
uir of unsteadiness about the whole stroke. 
With the shell first ou one side and tlren on 
the other, good rowing was out of the quet- 


fion. evoo by tlio*e perfectly able to handle 
their onra well. It was a poor exhibition of 
rowing. 1 a*. by a crew Hml should, from 
the pnin* which linvc tM>rn taken in regard in 
dwelling, he rompeirnt now to keep a stiell 
on its k-»-l. nml take It along at a right smait 
pare. A* it wa*. tlie oar* barely rnvered 
spaces, nnd that. lire, with wind and tide tu 
vnntble The stroke was short and snappy ; 
the rain* were much longer out of waler 
than in it, nnd poorly handled from start in 
finish. 

X rwell. at bow. was evidently ill at ease, 
nnd hi.* discomfort wil* due in no small mea- 
sure to tire wretched way iu which he wa* 
rigged- No man living ran learn to row with 
hi* i air handle up to hi* shoulder*. He may 
have been plarcd at such a disadvantage to 
correct 'oine fault, but I take the liberty of 
Htating that I consider it poor policy to gim 
a man several faulty nreaMiremcnt* t’o comet 
one fault. A man should first Ire made (nig. 
fortablr, nnd so placed that he can get hi* 
full power on to the stroke, and then taught 
how to do It. The theoretical side of how 
lu correct a fault is entirely ii»cle*s in regard 
to rowing. Newell was trying his beat to 
do hi* sliarw nf the work and row well, 
hut rigged ns 1 saw him it was an impossi- 
bility. 

Power* axd Raxtoct. were doing fairly 
good work, hut their light weight would mil 
permit them to awing on u> tbrir oar* with the 
vim which tho other men In the boat hod at 
their command. Cnnw-queMly, I noticed, 
time and again, their oars would nlmoti stop 
nt that part of lire stroke where they ought 
to 1»- travelling nt nearly their highest spend. 
In oilier words, they were Inclined to lake 
hold of more than they could carry through. 
In addition, their oars were not earned 
through on the same level. This fault, by. 
the wav. wan a general one throughout the 
l"»r, Leynam hml evidently not forgotten 
hi* old Bowdnin tricks. He snapped at his 
oar In « vicious way. and threw Ids bead 
with every catch. Accustomed, as he ha* 
been, to rowing with men who knew enough 
to keep tlrelr oar* off the water on the re- 
cover, and carry the boat along on her keel, 
it is no wouder that he find* it hard work to 
row iu form when no two men in the boat 
keep the same length of stroke, and have the 
■hell first down on one side and then on the 
other. 

('fjiMisns's WATTRXAXKinr is a disgrace 
to n varsity boat He should be taken nut 
in a pair o’ar until lie knows tire difference 
between keeping hi* nnr nquarely against bt* 
pin and allowing it to wabble first one way 
and then the otlrer. Ho did not take hold of 
Hie w ater squarely once while I wa* watching 
him. ami lit* finish— well, there won t any: 
it won nil recover. Vail wa* doing belter 
work than when 1 saw him loot. He 1* not 
rigged to tlie hi-*t advantage, tiur so soon as 
he 1* fitted a little lretter. I shall expect to *ee 
him improve rapidly. Kclton and Captain 
Perkin* were doing tlie best rowing in the 
boat, but they were not together, and Perkin* 
was not setting a grod best to tire stroke. He 
DliM pmt a sharper accent on hi* ebsuges. If 
he ho|<s to get bis crew together- From the 
sluggish w ay in which the crew took hold of 
iu work. I Judge tlie lung rowB which the 
men have uikrn nf late litre deprived them 
of the life to keep up to their work. 

The Yale Foot- Ball Associatiox has 
donated a portion of Its surplus, to the extent 
nf 44000 to the purpose of erecting a cottage 
on tin- field containing dressing room*, etc : 
tu lie for the house nnd §1000 for 
maintenance, if the field committee dewire. 
Plan* arc drawn for lire house: but there i* 
►onre talk of mixing two or three iIiuusbiuI 
more, and making it mare elaborate as well 
a* more substantial It i* an excellent plan, 
ami one lliat nn be followed by the oilier 
colleges with much good result. 

Tiif. Yale ball bisk bus certainly begun 
to lake on form, ami one can hardly believe 
it the same set of men of whom I wrote not 
long ago. In tlie Brown game at New Ha 
ven ii would Dot ltare been uricxjtecled If the 
Providence men bail laken tlrelr revenge 
upon the boy* who snatched n game from 
them last week in the ninth inning in such a 
rental kahk fashion Instead of this, how- 
ever, the Yale men lulled like reterau*. and 
although their fielding at times was very 
loose, the result of the game «u never in 
qucMiou. In tire first place, Calhoun Is back 
on tccniMl. and although he only t <*■*«■« the 
ball to Unit, he uses the stick like a ptofc*. 
aIoiiaI, and his how running, in spite of hi* 
care about sliding, i* of the old time Quality 
I hut has already won two championships for 
Yale. Cushing can use tire bin ** well »« 
Calhoun, nod drove the Imll out as though 
the pitching suited his taste exactly. Owh 
ley wa* once more on third, and though Id* 
throw ing *«< fully up to the mark, hi* gen- 
eral play showed lark of practice, while his 
hatting was a* weak as last year, and no 
worse could be said of it. 

Bower* is athoXuer then nuv one hn* 
given him credit for luring, and while I do 
not think be ran equal Young this season, 
lie will bn very valuable Hfier a year * ex 
perienre. A* for Poole, he i* the aiue " run- 
grtler " that he was lost y ear. He ha* a good 
ere. quick judgment, and perfect coolness, 
lit* fielding L at time* a little carclen, but 



392 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV , NO. 1TM, 



ho c*n ovfdently ImM Bowers without the 
sligUtmt difficulty whenever be Hunk* it tre- 
c**Mry, uti hit work with Calhoun in Caleb- 
ii>IC men at second 1m* evidently not buffered 
during Calhoun'* absence Case'* work in 
the Freshman game itl Cambridge lust Stlur- 
duy mode Caplutu Calhoun think Hint Ire 
needed him in the Held on the varsity, and 
it U evident that the young mini knout's what 
a bat U for, at tuiy rule. 

McCLtno hasn't shaken into hi ate n* 
rapidly a* lilt! rest, and in fact if an itupor 
taut game were to lie pUyed to-day. ncitUar 
lie nor Owsley nor Calhoun would be ready 
for it. for they are nil unsteady. simply from 
lack of practice. Murphy is going the oilier 
way. 1 don't expect to see hint an good in 
two works aa he fa at present. although then* 
will be no mum for tile decline. except he 
become* too well sntitilkd with himn'lf. Win- 
ning liotli games with Urown. just after the 
latter had defeated Harvard two out of 
three, lias, of course, eaused the nteu to feel 
rather lordly; nevertheless they have it whole- 
tKitnr fear of I’rinrclon. While tbev mean 
to make the men from New Jersey play hull 
in order to win, they do not nave great 
hopes of defeating them, eveu In the game 
to uc played at Now lluvcn. 

Lkttehb too* TnAT roKTtoN of the coast 
lying between Virginia Hatch nud Currituck 
Light house report great schools of blue fidi 
ranging alongside the aurf. ami driving the 
sea trout by luiliiouH on the beach. Every 
vehicle, from tbo darky a oxrearl to the fair- 
borsc acbooucr wagon, bus been pressed into 
service by Ibe country people, and yet tlio 
supply continues too grunt to secure all. It 
suddens the i-portstimu to think of the tons 
upon tons of this toothsome fish absolutely 
decaying on the shore for want of transput 
tattoo. 

The lovers or the non arc Loving floe 
sport on tbe Potomac just nliovc Washing- 
ton. The exceptional weather baa advanced 
tbe season at Iciut three weeks, ami tbo 
culchcs are much above the average. The 
Increase of flab in the vicinity of the falls in 
the Potomac, from Harper's Perry to Wash- 
ington, Is not dun to natural causes alone, 
but because of the stocking of the stream by 
tbe United Slates Fish CoflUDbokiD. which 
annual!)' place* thousands of IlngerHug* in 
sheltered spots iu the creek* and eetuarie* of 
the Potomnc- One great advantage this river 
lias for the preservation of Hah is that none 


of it* great power has been utilized by mills, 
nor have there hern any building of dams; 
hence the waters Bow on pure and utidclilcd, 
and buss abound. 

TiiEUE has been Dow and aguin quite a 
deal of newspaper talk of n mnleb race be- 
tween W. l\ I tow u*. w ho ran a Iriid quarler 
fust July, at Beacon Park. Boston, in 4T| sec- 
onds. aud Wendell liuker. who, with one 
niunliig shoe off the last 100 yards, rau a 
qunrtcr in 47j. on the same track, July 1, 
1WH1. It b all talk. There will be no 
match, though Mr. linker may make some 
trials ut the WXl and 440 yatd records. If he 
b in form when bu attempts them, he will 
succeed in establishing new rrconls. he U 
equal to 4? seconds for the 440, and if any 
one run reac h 30 second* in the 300 yard* 
event, he is the nun. 

At last the 75-tahd record of 7| sec- 
onds. which has stood for years, bus b*eu 
loweted. and Luther l 'ary, of Prinrctnn Uni- 
versity, Im* finally made uimi record that will 
not U- the subject of diseuasion. On May 
Wli.at hb college games. Cary ran an ex hi hi 
tion 73 ) and*, pared by O H Swain, n young 
college sprinter of cotihidr ruble promise, liy. 
tlrewny, in 7| seconds, A great ilenl b ex- 
pected of Cary this reason iu record making, 
and Hrenc i* little douln l«ut that be will de- 
velop into tbe fastest sprinter of ll>e decade. 

A TEW weeks Alio the s*u reprinted an 
extinct from an KngILdi puhliention of tbe 
arciilcnu that I uni befallen foot hull players 
in Great Britain iu ouc season. The idea 
of tlic transatlantic oontrraportiry «>-. of 
course, to cull atti-Dtion to alleged hnilall- 
lies of the game, and the Injuries likely to 
arise from purtiripaiing in it. A mere glance 
over the “ butcher lull," as it bus Iktu hap- 
pily termed by the lirigiilest light in Amer- 
ican foot In II. shows, iu the first p'.are, that 
the compilation has been given us without 
the least sign of verification, ami mi olio 
hardly know* whether or not to criticise it 
•rrioii.dy. However, as it may full under the 
eyes of some timorous patent with an anihi- 
Itmts sport-loving son at one of our colleges, 
a little M>*cc to its diagnosis will l«- well 
given. The Ural thing to lie noticed In Hie 
“butcher hill "is Hint out of the roses of 
falalilics Uhi majority resulted from tirka re- 
ceived iu scrimmages— no arelilcul never 
seen iu an American game— and miggcsla 
Hint the greater portion of them might have 
come (rum the kicking or Association game 


The ix direct ihcatiis, set forth by live 
English paper us from foot -ball. while one 
may smile 111 the attempt to lay them at the 
door of the sport, nevertheless show the folly 
of attributing all sudden deaths incurring at 
games to tile sport* Ibentseh ev < live of these 
men shown in lire “ butcher hill '' fell dead 
while 'pursuing an omnibus." Tlli m»u 
was a player, ami yet not (it to run » block 
after a 'bus? Another man *u killed in a 

a uiim-l following a game. Tbe compiler 
oc* not say whether be was a player or not. 
hut it U an " Indirect death from foot ball " 
— save Hie mark' When a compiler readies 
out so for a* tills he fulls short of being, iu 
our eye*, an honest investigator, and wo are 
inclined to regard him us only an opponent 
of the sport, and one whose- statements must 
he corroborated before we accept any of 
them. 

The auhival or an expert fencer in the 
Iialtan school several weeks ago, Dr A Lengo, 
from liin-nos Ayres, gave rise lo some news- 
paper discussion ns to tlic relative merits of 
the French ami Italian nirthoiU It is very 
safe 1(1 any lint Ikon who attempt to com- 
pare the two are themtolvw igiinraul of the 
methods of either. There can tie no com- 
parlson. One Is the r*«cncw of delitalo «i- 
cnrilic work, seconded bv cool judgment aud 
quick, decisive action: ill*' other, the Italian, 
Is a senes of rushes ami prods that must 
have given birth to the clap trap fencing we 
uru atxurtoouri to seeing on tlic dramatic 
stage Undoubtedly Dr. Ism go U a very ex- 
|iert exponent of hi* school, and easily show- 
ed his superiority iu his contest with Signor 
Sinbcaico, who l* considered Hie tnnal »kll- 
f nl here- The ngile South American in this 
city would, however. In- at tbe mercy of a 
score of fencer* of the French school, which 
is. indeed, Hie only correct school. It is nlg- 
tiitiratit lo note that he declined to te»( hi* 
skill with Captain liippulyte Nicolas. 

Notwithstanding viie ukpokt* to tire 
oontrary.it is hnrdlv likely that Charles Psot- 
tu will ag .in enter the Henley Hegnlta for tire 
Diamond Sculls. He ‘ailed for Europe In 
March, and tbe fact Unit the professional 
oiireinan, Lee. who bus been his trainer, left 
at lire same lime, probably gave rise to suc h 
a rumor, hut though 1 /t‘i disappearance 
was widely reported, nothing was -aid of 
tire fact that he Ilirnrd up again very shortly 
afterward. l*solta took hi* ImkiIs with him — 
he ninny a row* regularly for exercise— and 
this fact may give the impression lo llioee 


unacquainted with hi* methods that he is in 
training. It i* too had that we shall have nn 
representative in tins regatta, espeeiallv ns 
we have some very likely oaremrn. At Psc.- 
la's home in Philadelphia there are two. both 
member* of tin- Vesper Bonl Club, who can 
undoubtedly defeat him — George W Van 
Vliel and Joseph Ileadk-v Both arc Junior*, 
curiously enough; tbe former woo the Junior 
Hare in Ibe Fourth of July regatta last year 
very easily, hut wo* disqualified for pauiug 
the Intoy on the wrong side. lli* time wag 
within a few arooud* of the Senior's, E. J, 
Carney, who had a hard nice 

C'akI'AH W. Weitkbt. 


TRANSPORT. 

Transport. the property of Mr. H. L. Hcr- 
Iwrt, of New York, t* a black gelding, seven- 
teen hand* high, with four white stocking* 
ami blaze fare. His pedigree b unknown. 
He wa* purchased in Ohio, and taken to 
Ifnckawny. Long Island, about four years 
ago for driving purposes He was found to 
be n natural jumper, and hi* drat schooling 
over limber w as w ith the Bockaway hounds; 
but It wa* not until a year later, when lie be- 
en me the property of Li* present owner, that 
Id* remarkable eleven) cos cross-cnmit ry was 
developed. He was the wiuiier of three Ulue 
ribbon* in tbe New York Horae Show of 
IMd, OOO of which was the high jump fur 
green hunter*, which he woo at six feel six 
Indies lie has liccn ridden six seasons with 
the Meadow Unxik. Essex County. Huckn- 
way, and Queen* County hounds' aud hn* 
hern down only once during that time. In 
the New York'IIoree Show of IrtW lie was 
winner of the first prixe for heavy. weight 
hunter*, and the day following he took part 
in two high-jumping contests, during which 
he clew red six feel six inches three times, and 
six fm nine im-brs oner, all within one hour, 
which was considered n remarkable per- 
formance. inasmuch as he had been used 
solely as a burlier, and hod not hern trained 
to high jumping. Transport t» a horae of 
unusual intelligence, and one of the few 
which really enjoy jumping. He enter* 
fully into Hie pleasure* of tire chase, oc ‘ 
readily recognixrs the slight difference in tbe 
appearance of his bunting saddle and the one 
used in exercise, and in inanv wise way* 
show* hi* cage rue** for a gallop with the 
hounds. He has rotuMlemldc spired, and I* 
capable of great endurance, having seen the 
rnd of some of tbe longest run* kuowu to tbe 
Long Island hunting clubs. 


MAKE HASTE! 


Tinas 1* no lime to tie lust when tt* kid 1 * 7 * sad 
bltaUrr neglect thvlr dal) Mrnsl dlress* sOvsncn 
with glMil ■Inilrs Urtxt'>’> dlseste sir* dUbSes sr« 
dint furs to tniinali Itle. Sulidue tlinu In llisli Iu- 
fswry wllli Hiistel'cl's Oliiinsrli Bluerr, Ilia panvt 
dinnsir In ssirtraew It num»»r» litunrlr* mslarti, 
wmtl|»IUKilp|>l»h, ird inlt-Mwiism— [3 dr J 


MHSL WINSLOW'S MHiTIIINtl STHt'P 

t.rr» fur ilinr rkllilrvn « Hit* ireltilua wltli | erfrcl 
rr»^ ll » «lin I lie • » Hit, »ol;i-* tlir iratiir, alls)* 
p.il».rm** want r-tlr.siid is il.r iievi ipinrilt M 
*«» Nild I.) dfllKKl-u U. rrerv |<ul «f tbs 
Id Tweslj-ltvs cents t Mtl«-(4dr.] 



MMt 

CwInrlK 
Castor Is.— 

(4*4 


BROWN'S HOUSEHOLD PANACEA. 

"THE lilllCAT I'AIN HKI.IKVt.lt.- i-nrtw 

njis, riM.*-, usd# ; all|wlas. ttcu.a MUIsl— {A d* I 


VSK SHOW N "S t'A H I'HORATBDS APON ACEOCS 
DKNTIPItK U tic lilt TEETH DKUCIO08. »c. 

-4-ids-l _ _ 


OH. LYON'S I'EIIKKCT YXNiTII POWDER. 
Will .L. tils tor Ui and |iuillm .lie birallt. *fcx — | Ad».' 


Tut me i>f AitgueOirs III 1 1 era ncite* the npretlie 
ml *r»-i« tlio dig'-sSlve organa Iu nnld. — [Aalr.) 


Caas-Apn (-lli ->»•>■ l*s*rr«e “rrmlada ons of a3 
Ur rwrot KiaU o< Um cuuutr) |.tdf. 1 


HARPER’S WEEKLY 

ADVERTISING RATES 

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sMcnaLHaaKau soncis rw* U'l taoi iMDTins Jad 
tiik-k «»»*» All* •rsjii'T via saaraarav ram imiu 

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t- ire anlaa-riiaini* *ui«i r pl- na aaal 
dirart U- IW laiM-tlirra ahnnU W avntn- 

Ease-1 Uy I'-i ulEes M.isry upAar •* Dntt 

HARPER A BROTHERS. NEW YORK 


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THROUOn THE CAVE OF THE WINDS, NIAGARA FALLS Dbaww bt W. T. Bmsdliy— {8u Pa«* 402 ] 



HAMPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV. No. 1137. 


LIFE OF LAURENCE OLIPHANT. 

Memoir tlie Life of Lanrcnrxi Oliplmnt nn«l of Alice 
Oliphant, lti«4 wife. Ity Maroaret Olipham W. 
Omphart. With Two l*hot«ign»ran,- Portrait*. Two 
volume*, 8vo, Cloth, 1‘ueut Edge* and Gilt Tups, 
97 00. (/* <i Itiu.) 

Ttw cmwv of no other perron in the prrrent century bn* been 
more v« ril'd uni more extrannliuAiy itan thnt of LaI'MCMCI Oi.|. 
piiaxt. II* w*» by turn* t btrrii>Ier, an a.lxotijn-r, a iSiplwntt, 
the |iriv»le wcrcUry to L«H Elgin, a brilliant far ■•rite of society, 
a religious devotee, an os.iiritxr in an oltfenre \Vpnott» tillage, 
the Pari* eoeierpotxileirt of the Danina Tuna, an autbm, an 0 |«r- 
altir in Wall 8treel.it cynic |-*ilkiwf>lii-r, the pmpeuir of a ppintic 
(vbiniation acbewve in IWt»iinr, a cUinnary religious uneiter — 
Irot Mmvigh all jiImm-i uf hia life he >ui mm. ao l.-ril limit 
in inUflen, rail mi eanaeatly devoted to hia contact »w» of duly, 
that even thoae wlio in.— I deplored Ida i-lio*tiKV»»ir*> were obliged 
to admire lib gvuin* and integrity. So more interwting Iwy-i-iq'lit 
Las liei'ii written than this ineiiMiir of hia life hy Ida kinamnwan 
and intimaU: friend. Urn. Maxuakkt OuraaxT. 

Pi bushed BY HARPER * BR0THER9. Xkw You*. 

mtr TA f B*oi» *~t wtfl fc» »•! Ay mat), anafeo* ii*J, to any yarf •»< 
(In (• lurnl .Staton, IWi. .* Merim, an mwiyt ■/ <Ar yrfrt. 


Harpers Weekly, 

No. 1787. 

wrrtl COYER. AND Bt'm.EMENT CONTAINING 
an nWRUTID AUTK'i.r os " AMSMCAff 
UOAUSrr.MN AND ItOAD HIDING." 


TERRS : 10 t'KCTTt A l OCT. -* I •>» A tt lit, IN AllYANf*. 

u.iy hyin . alVA any .Vuiairr 


TI1E IMMIGRATION LAWS. 

I JUBLIC feeling in regard to stringent regulation 
of the immigration mid naturalization of foreign- 
er* in thi* country in more seriously aroused than for 
many yearn. The " Native American'' excitement 
of forty years ago was due to a perception of tenden- 
cies which are now confirmed But in form it vratt 
a romhination of secrecy, sectarianism, and politics, 
which like a whirlwind blew violently, hut soon spent 
its force. The results of illegitimate immigration and 
political enfranchisement were foreseen, hut they were 
tin-.- -rhcorclical. The time that has elapsed, how- 
ever, has brought us face to face with actual perils. 
The volume of immigration hue increased, while its 
quality rapidly decreases. The population of the 
country is largely lirlemgeneou*, while hnutogeneily 
is the condition of great national power. The 
strength thill lies in common traditions, a common 
history and language, in general intelligence and local 
pride, is cnnstanlly diminished by the flood of the least 
intelligent and desirable population of other countries 
which pours constantly upon us. This country is 
Ihe guardian and illustration, ami. as we believe and 
intend, the conclusive demonstration of the stability 
ami efficiency of popular government u* the safeguard 
of liberty under law. Our first duty is to maintain 
the conditions under which that demonstration is 
practicable. To permit liberty to lie lost in the wild li- 
cense bred of heterogeneous ignorance, corruption, and 
lawlexsiietB would he to betray our trust. The ques- 
tion is not of excluding foreigners, but of assimilation 
of tlie foreign clement. A slate or a country may lie 
imperilled by orer-iiiiTnigratiou like the human body 
by over feeding, 

Undoubtedly the population of the country is 
sprung from those who were nriginnllr strangers. 
But this is not a peculiar condition ]n every great 
nationality there is a mingling of rare*, The result 
depends upon the quality of tlie stranger, the motive 
of his coming, and the rapidity of the increase. Be- 
cause a continent may he subdued mid civilized by the 
ndventof a sturdy, intelligent, industrious, moral |M*o- 
ple sprung of English stock, and bringing the tradi- 
(.ions and customs and training of constitutional liber- 
ty. so that their coming is a blessing to the world, it 
does not follow that a constant irruption of half-civ- 
ilized aliens from Europe or Asia or Africa is an ad- 
vantage to the country, or ought not to Is* strictly' 
regulated. Tin* English race is tlie chief historic jm- 
Jitical race, because it comprehend* tlie conditions of 
progressive liberty, It* politic* are those of expert 
cure no*, of theory. It deal* with facts and the act- 
ual situation. au<l when the critic complains tluit a 
course is not logical, the reply in that human nature 
is not logical. English tenacity of ancient form 
while the spirit cliatiges, its fondness for the crown 
when it has abolished the king, its preference for re- 
pairing the old building rather than tearing it wholly 
down to build anew, move the gibes of the political 
doctrinaire. But take England from history, and po- 
litically the United States dcuip|*ar. Take away 
England, and constitutional liberty is not easily con- 
ceivable. So long as the true English impulse which 


settled the United State* remains, so long they will 
prosper and advance. 

In proposing more stringent legislation to protect 
the country from the disintegrating and degrading 
influence of alien ignorance and lawlessness, the 
Union League flub in New York will be sustained by 
the best opinion of the country. The crimes against 
American citizenship committed in the courts of this 
city have been flagrant. The process of naturaliza- 
tion has been made a farce. After fairly recounting 
some of the fact* here and elsewhere, Ihe report of 
the committee of the club says truly that "it is mil 
a party question. It is a question of our country 
and its institution!!." It iiiunt lie so treated. But 
the suggestion of the committee that naturalization 
shall be confided to the courts of the United Slates is 
criticised as a party act. because those judge* are 
largely Republican. The question of choice between 
courts, however, is not to be decided by the method of 
appointment, blit by fact and experience, and while 
the Federal courts have uot been always al*>ve re- 
proach. public opinion would undoubtedly sanction 
giving them the sole authority of naturalization. 
The other conditions mentioned hy the committee— 
longer residence, a practical knowledge of the lan- 
guage, the right of every citizen to contest in open 
court any application for naturalization, and the au- 
thority of the court to annul any certificate for ille- 
gality or fraud — will be equally approved by the good 
sense of the country. 

TIIE CHASE OF THE "IT AT A.” 

The chase of the Jtnta may be ended wlien Ibis 
pajx-r is issued, but meanwhile it is the most engross- 
ing of public topic*. The questions raised by it are 
not fully covered by any precedent, and while the 
United Slates have always aimed to do all the duty 
of a neutral, it is suspected in some quarter* that tliey 
are now overdoing it. The Tribune, which has evi- 
dently doubled the wisdom of the course adopted by 
the administration in ordering tlie pursuit, has pub- 
lished what may be held to lie an authentic statement 
of the reasons which have influenced the Navy lb*- 
part menu Tliey are. iu effect, that the Itata was 
lawfully in our custody, but. defying our authority 
in our ow n waters, escaped upon the high seas, w here 
we may rightfully pursue and capture her. This | No- 
tation the Navy Department is said to justify hy a 
decision of the Supreme Court a hundred year* ago. 
The judge* sitting were Marshall, Chase, Wash- 
IRirToN, Johnson. LmKOBTON, and Cl'tHIlNu. Tlie 
American schooner Sarah hud been trading with 
.San Domingo insurgent.*, against French law. A 
French privateer enptu red the Sarah at sew, and ear- 
ned her into a neutral Bpauiah port, where, before 
condemnation, the cargo was sold under the author- 
ity of an agent of the Han Domingo government. 
After the sale the St i rah was condemned in San Do- 
mingo. and the cargo, transferred to another vessel, 
was libelled at Charleston ns unlawfully seized. 
Justice IjVIRtlSTON, “ without *X peered dg an opinion 
on the invalidity of a seizure on the high sea* under 
a municipal regulation, ” sustained the libel on an- 
other ground, and CCBHIHO and CHaBE concurred. 
Johnson anil Todd asserted the right to capture on 
the high sea*. Marshall held that the seizure at 
aen was unlawful. In the ease of HCSOOK veretM 
Ul'KKTUCR the judgment was that seizure at sea is 
lawful for violation of municipal law. 

Judge 8ToHY’s statement that our courts have hold 
that "foreign slop* in like manner offending within 
our jurisdiction may afterward lie pursued and seized 
upon the open seas and brought lack into our port* 
for adjudication," was followed hy the remark. “ this, 
however, has never been supposed to draw after it the 
right of visitation or March.'' The seizure, he suys, is 
made at tlie peril of the captor, who must pay full dam- 
age* for failure to establish forfeiture-. Then* is no 
doubt that there are reuses in which pursuit am! capture 
upon tlie high sea*, and even within foreign water*, 
are permitted. In the familiar case of the Caroline, 
whk-h was carrying passengers and munitions of war 
from our shore* to Canada, and which was captured 
and destroyed by the British in our waters, but with 
the expectation of finding it within British territory. 
Mr. WkbhTKR. Secretary of Ktale, held that such n 
violation of neutrality could lie justified only by “a 
necessity of self-defence, instant, overwhelming, hav- 
ing no choice of mean* and no moment of delibera- 
tion.'' That, of course, is not tlie raw of the Ifata. 
Again, a cruiser chasing a vessel within or across 
neutral water* "may be seized,” say* WooLsKY, 

' either within the watem or after pursuit upon the 
high sea*." Hall, a Inter English authority, say* 
tluit a vessel or any one on hoard, within foreign ter- 
ritory and violating the Inw, may he pursued iuto the 
o|ien sra* and there arrested. But this can be done 
only when the pursuit is commenced while the of- 
fender is still within the territorial waters, or ha* only 

just escaped from them, 

There •« ground, therefore, for a good plea for the 
pursuit of the llala. But there an- still other ques- 
tion*. Supposing that nobody is at present interr*t 
ed to challenge our right of pursuit except tlie Chil- 
ian insurgent*, whose belligerency wc have not 


recognized, and that in nitempting to capture Uw 
llala nur cruiser is worsted, is Chili bound to ac- 
knowledge tlie pursuit an the “due diligence ” on 
our part which she ha* the right to require? Did we 
show due diligence in tryiug to prevent tlie escape of 
the Itata; and if not, and wc do not bring her lack 
for judgment, uud she completes her hostile design 
against Chili, may Chili not rightfully demand com 
prnsation? Tlie question of attempted capture with- 
in the water* of Chili will be determined hy the 
Captain of the Charleston, who will be governed by 
circumstance*. The most heroic naval commander 
may he also wise. He has the responsibility of biz 
duly, and lie is as much bound not to lie foolhardy 
as to fight. If the pursuit of tlie llata leads the 
Charleston into the midst of an overwhelming naval 
foix-e.it is. for the commander of the Charleston to 
decide whether his duly require* him to connive at 
the certain destruction of his vessel. Undoubtedly 
liis instructions anticipate all probable circumstances, 
and the result of Ihe chase will bo awaited with tLe 
dee|icst interest. 

THE CINCINNATI CONFERENCE. 

The National Union Conference at Cincinnati wa* 
called to enable all tlie fragment* of political move- 
ment* arising from discontent. res tie** ties*. and fan- 
tastic speculation, with an lionrat desire of improve- 
ment, to see if they could unite in some effective 
organization. They have united in the " People * 
Party of the United Hlatea of America.” but how 
effectively lime will show. The platform favors 
making the government the national bauker: free 
n linage of silver: an income tax; the popular elor 
tion of President, Vice-President, and Senators: and 
limitation of revenue to the n«-rc**ary and econom 
icat expenses of government. There is no doubt 
of the restless feeling which led to the conference 
The election of Messrs. Pkkkkr and Simpson to Cun- 
gim and of TlLLMAN to tlie Governorship of South 
Carolina, with tlie Western Republican AU|>|M»rt of 
free silver, and impatience of an extreme tariff, all 
hlu i w distracting Icndem-ics within the old parlies, 
which there i* no commanding question and nothing 
hut party feeling to hold iu subjection. The two 
most significant farts thus far are the Republican sil- 
ver vole* in Ihe Senate. ami tlie overthrow of the reg- 
ular Democratic machine in South Carolina by Gov- 
ernor Tillman. Huch a (moling of insure ns the 
Cincinnati conference proposes may serve to precip- 
itate the elements from which serious result* mar 
spring. This is a fact which i* undoubtedly borne 
in mind by Governor Tillman, who sex-ms to lie 
the most forcible and efficient personality which the 
movement has pi -oil need 

But, no far as appear*, Governor Tillman does not 
favor tlie organization of a third party. He has a 
certain audacity which indicates a leader, for having 
led the Alliance to the overthrow of the regular De- 
mocracy in Houth Carolina, and dismissed General 
Hampton to private life, he now openly op (nines some 
of tin; especial scheme* of the Alliance, *ncli a* the 
Hub- Treasury, and demand* that those who are seek 
ing to use the organization for their own advantage 
shall lie wot to the rear This is done perhu|M as a 
warning to the national leader* of the Alliance that 
they must hold aloof from his political preserve of 
Sooth Carolina. It i* not at all clear, however, that 
Governor Tillman, while doubtful of a third party 
movement, docs not favor the anti-Cleveland crusade, 
which, as we understand, is becoming important in 
the Southern Slates, a fact which merits the attention 
of intelligent and patriotic Democrat*. There are 
such Democrats in those State* who are beginning 
to think that North and Houtli Carolina and Alalianm 
may be opposed to the nomination of Mr. Cleveland 
in the Convention, while his especial friend* in those 
States are thought to display little knowledge of 
the situation or ability in dealing with it. In South 
Carolina the supporters of Judge H askkll in tlie last 
election are the e*prcial champions of Mr. Cleveland. 
and (hey* an- also the uiicomitroinisiiig opjionenU of 
Tillman. This fact makes Mr. Cleveland seem to 
lie a “ Haskell ite “ to many of the Democratic follow- 
ers of TlLLMAN. and naturally idontifica him with the 
wing of the party wliirli was defeated at tlie last State- 
election. 

It is. we believe, conceded by ehrewd political 
olmervers that Tillman * ascendency will be main 
tained at the election next year, and it is not doubled 
that he is the ablcet of the polilieaJ leaders in the 
State, and quite superior to tlie host of camp-follow 
ere that naturally attach themselves to his standard. 
But. so far as we see. he i* a man whose political nur 
ml ity ia entirely different from that of Mr. Clevi 
land'*. Yet the thomugh upheaval which hi* cam- 
paign of last year ori-anioncd iu South Carolina ha* 
been followed by au organized movement for ballot 
reform in Charleston. It is curio ua that ita leader is 
the author of the eight-box law, one of tbe devices by 
which the while minority has controlled elections, 
and his conviction seems to be thnt under the present 
Hi-ction law* of the State there i* no necessity of 
cheating in order to retain that control. This all re- 
veal's an extraordinary jKilitical situation, and shows 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


399 


JUT 80' ***•- 

clearly 1'*^ j*- « Something Twj different from the 
mere Republican nnd Democratic contest. It is in- 
dicative of cltnn|{c!i in the old order that extend far 
beyond South Carolina, and perplex all calculation* 
for next year. The real disintegration seems to lie 
largely in the Democratic section, where it luw been 
long evident that when the apprehension which kept 
that section politically solid began hi disappear, party 
change would follow. Politically speaking, the most 
important local event of the extraordinary election of 
lust autumn wm the overthrow of the traditional 
Democratic organisation in South Carolina, and the 
“ People's Party of the United State*'' must keep an 
eye on Governor Tillman. 


PRISONERS OF WAR ON EXHIBITION. 

The action of the government in sending to Europe pris- 
oners of war with Buffalo Hill * show lomnkr money, which 
was recently exposed liy Mr IIkiuiekt Welsh, ought to re- 
ceive xmne Executive attention. It is not alleged that Lbe 
government has a pecuninry interest in the proceeds, but 
certainly the national honor Is interested in the proceeding. 
It would be amusing if u show should travel tlirougli this 
country eonuining ns participants. with the express author! 
ration of the British government, prisoners of war captured 
in India. 

Mm. J. B. Cox. a lady of great experience In Indian educa- 
tion, is strongly averse to the scheme. 91 m nays that some 
of the last Indian boys under lier care have been Induced to 
join (lie show. John Nelson, one of Coot's chief men, Iwui 
two daughter* In It, whom at her request Nki.min reli-nurd, 
promising not t<» ask for them again Nki.min also promised 
tint Mr*, fox should havo a lo.v of his aged thirteen, hut he 
wrote that four would not give him up. For two years 
Mrs. Cnx ha* tried to obtain the hoy. hut in vain She rays 
tint they are ail Ann chi Wren, twit Hint the boy will lie rained. 

The President Inis expressed his sympathy with tlie view* 
of Mr. Wki.rh, and lie has full militarily in the matter If 
he fori nils, the Indian prisoners cannot lie exhibited in the 
show, lie i* tint responsible person, lint hi- is little likely to 
act deckltdiy except in doing nothing. 'Hie President Is a 
candidate for renominatlon. ami probably lie doe* not sup- 
pose that Western politician* and member* of Congress 
whom lie wishes to conciliate agree with Mr. Welsh sod 
those who fi-el the disgrace of lire whole business. He 
hardly regards tlx- friends of the Indians, and, in this way. of 
the national good name, as practical politicians. Q'tf tvvlrt- 
twiie f 

THE SHAKESPEARE YEAR. 

An exceedingly Interesting »nd exhaustive articlo upon 
the Shakespeare Year appeared in a resent issue of the 
Hirmingltam Daily l\+i, in England, which, although un- 
signed, is undoubtedly lbe work of the indefatigable and ac- 
complished " Shakespearian" Sami el Tim min*. The article 
rum prises a survey of all the contributions to literature anil 
criticism, and all form* of Shakespearian activity during the 
year in all purl* of the world; and tin- copious referenced to 
America an- of especial value. because nowJiere else, so fur 
as we know, k» such a careful and thorough statement ac- 
cewdble. 

It appear* that the number of American pilgrims to the 
birthplace, home, and grave of Shakespeare at Stratford 
far mirpnMW itmt from other count lire. There were proba- 
bly not few er than twenty thousand American visitors during 
the last year, awl every yenr there are more. The article 
pays just tribute to the American editors, specifying Rhh- 
a hi* (Ikaxt Wltrra, whom SSiiknfmm ■'« SfMar, in I8M, in- 
troduced the active minlem interest of this country in the 
pool's works, I>f. IlnwARP Fuiinkss'* " Variorum " i* well 
called " the greatest of all editions of ShakibsI'Kark'* play*.” 
and Dr. W J. Rui.ke's article refuting the "cryptogram" 
theory of Mr. Dokxkj.lv lbe article bolds to tie conclusive. 
Mr. PxmrrnX Johnson's theory of Hamlet as Jamks I. 
(lore not escape the eye of tlie aatbor, wrhn pronounces the 
claim '• not proven." 

The lalMiri of the New York nnd Philadelphia Shakespeare 
•ocicties are fui-nti'incd with great coromeodatkio. TVMuriv- 
•jitnrtamt. a serial publication issued by them, is drsrrihed 
as one " which America wo* the first to establish, and which 
Siiakeatkake'k own land lias not tried to rival or surpass. “ 
The Hon. Alvbt A, Aim, of Washington, is called in thr 
article " perhap* the most Ironird among American* on all 
questions of the English drama." (.Iiirago proposes to 
erect a Snakkspraiik hall, including a theatre, library, arid 
museum; and the picture of American activity in the study 
of Huakkmpeahk ns SHAKRarCARE, and not iw Bacon. iiiipI 
fill the mind of Mr. Dokwkllv with dismay. 

* THE PRESIDENT AND HIS LATE 
,MH UN BY* 

A mono all the pleasant and tactful thing* said hy the 
President in hi* late series of one hundred and forty speech- 
re. none wan more striking, certainly none so fine, a* one 
sentence in bin remarks at the grave of Lincoln in Spring- 
field, Illinois. Alluding to the great centre* of busy indus- 
try winch I on I Arisen in the Southern States, and the bum 
of machinery and blaring of fiirnace* in what hail lieen «* 
lately a solitude, he said tliat ns he looked an- 1 listened lie 
fell that it wo* all mainly due to I.isroi-*. " All these fires 
of industry were lighted at the funeral pyre of slavery. " 

It will he very singular if the journey of the President, 
which was singularly fortunate in it* rircumstiuicv*. nnd 
which ha* placed him in a pleasanter light before Uie coun- 
try tbnn ever before, should have had no effect upon his 
view of the puttie situation. It would be surprising if he 


had returned with the impression confirmed tbnt Congres- 
sional legislation and Congressional notion should lie found- 
ed upon suspicion and apprehension of the good faith of tire 
region whirli he has traversed. It would be remark aide, 
also, if be liclieved more firmly than ever that a spirit of cor- 
dial co-operation with "the new South " involved the sur- 
render of any valuable result secured by the wnr. 

The dispualtlon to regard differences of political opinion 
as revolutionary is incompatible with peaceful politic*. To 
suppose that "thr- South" siitl mean* substantially what it 
did when It meant slavery, nnd to stand constantly on guard 
against essential treason, ronke normal politic* impossible. 
Yet that is the nttitiido and feeling of an important part of 
the party of administration, nnd a part with which the 
President bos sympathis'd. If be should now see that such 
a view is unjust, and that no guamntr* of liberty i* surren- 
dered by the acknowledgment that although rcrlain Stales 
were willing a quarter of a century ago to destroy the Union 
In order to secure slavery, they now desire neither slavery, 
nor the destruction of lbe Union, nor vengeance for their 
disappointment, he would certainly discharge Ids great olfi- 
cial duty more beneficially, because in u wiser spirit. 


OPENING OF THE MUSEUM OF ART ON 
SUNDAY. 

Tire trustees of tbn Metropolitan Museum of Art have 
wisely yielded to the general public request for the opening 
of live museum aftrr church hours on Sunday. Indeed, lbe 
trustees of an institution designed for public instruction and 
pef-rent ion. nnd receiving public money on condition that it 
should tie opened free on certain days, might well hesitate to 
deny tin- application of n body of thirty thousand cilisrns of 
the character of those who signed the petition. The request 
i* not new. The movement la'gnn several years since, ami 
the petition represented the well • matured conviction of 
many of the be*: known, most intelligent, and most respect- 
able citizens of New York tltst the granting of the request 
would promote the public welfare. 

The final vote of twelve to four in a board whirh was 
very generally opposed to the change when it was first pro- 
pored is very significant. Tite decision is tbe result of de- 
liberation, am I is therefore, so far as opinion is concerned, 
likely to be permanent The only dcwiM of its permanency 
spring* from the question of expense. The Sunday opening 
will increase the cost. But the committee of the friends of 
the change do not doubt tlial the ex|*c<iM- will be defrayed 
hy contributions if the trustees cannot provide fur it. The 
Itherality nf tbe trustee* Is well known, but they cannot fair- 
ly ho expected to add much more to their getn-rous pecun- 
iary support of lire museum. 

The argument of the counter petition, which wo* aho 
most respectably and representatively, although not numer- 
ously, signed, wus placed mainly on tbe relaxation of respect 
for the day which would follow the Sunday opening. But 
this argument ns against nn art which is not opposed ns 
wrong, although most common, is ususlly wholly fallacious. 
The direful ComqWHC'* which hsrc been foretold a* err 
tain to follow every step in the enlargement of the civil 
rights of women, for instance, have not occurred. In such 
ciwi the only question is not whether green fruit is perni- 
cious. but whether this fruit is not ripe., and. Icing ripo, 
wholesome and desirable. There is one thing further to lie 
remembered. It would be unfair to judge the wisdom of 
the change by the immedistr result in the number of visitors. 
The deciriou could not be condemned liecause the museum 
is not at ooce crowded on Suu<Uy afternoon. The oppor- 
tunity is a means of education, and must lie left gradually 
to produce It* own popularity. But rven in the in-ginning 
much is gained if the allurements of the haunts which are 
already open are offset hy tbe opportunity of noble iuid 
refining recreation. 


DESTRUCTION OK THE ADIRONDACK. 

The lit feeling with which great corporations are regarded, 
nnd which long ago declared that corporations hare no souls, 
Is often Justified hy the net* of mr]sirations for which Intel- 
ligent men are reqmnwhle. Nothing is clearer than Ibut tire 
preservation of the forests of the Adirondack is demanded 
hy the highest interests of tilt- State of New York. Tire 
press of the State lias done no lietter service than in furnish- 
ing tire ample demonstration that the practical destruction 
nf the wired* is a fain] blow at the public welfare. If lire 
politic spirit of New York is not able to protect them, a* it 
ttaTcd Niagara, tbe Stole will be disgraced. 

Yet nntwitlutamling the general knowledge of lire neces- 
sity of gnarding the forests against every form of injury hy 
Are nnd wnsieful lumbering and gem- ml care tens neglect, not- 
withstanding legislation nnd lbe organisation of voluntary 
protective associations nnd lire appointment of A commission 
of guanliana, railroad companies, under the pit* of enter- 
prise and facility of communication and transport, are set-k- 
ing to acquire Intel* nf the Adirondack which will be devna- 
laied by railroad fire* and "Improvements." 

The gentlemen who arc urging these movements are 
seeking to Injure tlie commonwealth. Three is probably 
not A reputable authority upon the subjerl in tire State which 
doc* not hold that the consequence of promiscuous railroad 
invasion of the North Woods will lie disastrous. It threatens 
the supply of the Hudson Itivrr, and in a very positive sense 
tbe promoter* of all such schemes may lie regarded ns pub- 
lie enemies. It is usw-rted that tire Adirondack land* dc- 
siiriKsl for public parks ansi reaefreltom have been turned 
over to the jsissible posMssion of railroad corporation*. But 
this is a point upon which there shouhl be no question. The 
law of the State should secure to the Stale what tin- creed of 
corporations will never secure, and if the law lines not ac- 
complish it now. it should be made to do it without the 
chance of question. 


PERSONAL 

Tub Latin -American Department of the World's f’nlnm- 
t>ian Exposition is very anxious b» ••l*tam information cmi- 
reniing a copy of u iitlle quarto published in Home in Mitt, 
rontoiiiitig tire important bull of Pnjie Alexander VI., Ity 
which Ire divided tire New World between l’ortngal atid 
Spam. Only two copies of this pamphlet are in existence, 
»o far n* can l>e aarrrtainod. Om Is ill the Koyal Library 
at Mitlilrh. Tire oilier waa aohl iu London at auction by 
PVTTtCK A amt inner rs, on tire IMtll of May. 1*<4, 

and waa bought by Obaiuaii Kiui, for four pounds eight 
shilling*, for Home private lilirary in the United Stales, 
which be deeliived to mime. It liaa entirely disappear d 
front tbe knowledge of bibliophiles, and no trace of it can 
Ire found. Any person having knowledge of the where- 
about* of this historical treasure will Ire kind enough to 
notify the Department of State, Washington, D.C. 

— Dr. DvtXUSTOXl'l faithful black servant, firm, dial 
recently in Zanzibar. With a companion, ho carried tire 
famous explorer's body fifteen hundred miles, from tlie in- 
terior of Africa to tbe roast, suffering many privations and 
risking danger* in biMtile territory, in order that Ire might 
save his master from nn unknown grave, Parliament 
thanked Best fur hi* prrronniiure, and even the Queeu took 
notice of his courage nnd fidelity. 

— The privilege of fit-ling tire royal poire in Siam has 
been given to l>r. XV. U. LEE, a voting pliysieiau who was 
sent out by tbe Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Use 
than a year ago tn cure the Imdies un well as tbe souls of 
Ore heathen. Dr. Lee was so snreessfnt in putting Into 
praetlre tire principle* Ire learned at tire medieul arlmol of 
tire L'uiveraity of tbe eity of New York that the King ap- 
pointed him tire royal (laden. I^m* than live years ngn, U- 
forehe lia*l an o|*]Hirt unity to cultivate hi* taste forttiediciiie. 
Dr. Lee waa driving an express wagon in Springfield, (Mils. 

— Dr. Hemet W. I.Ktrziaiot, who was chosen last week 
by lire Hoard of Eilucation for Assistant Superintendent 
of Public Schools, lias been fur some (lure tire director ot 
tire Hebrew Technical Institute of tills city. He managed 
tbe free public leclnre* lost winter to the great satisfaction 
of every one. Tbe Board of Education bus made un excel- 
lent choice. 

—Benjamin P. Hvtcmxmix, tl*e “Old Hatch" of Chicago 
wheat-pit fawn, spout most of Ilia boyhood in and about 
North Rending, MawucbuseMs. w liere the older inhnhitunts 
nlill reniemlrer hi* props oalty for trading. Even jn those 
da)* be showed niiii»iial slirewdneoa iu hi* luisinens trans- 
aetiona, rarely failing to make a profit, lie learned tire 
shoemaker's trade, and at one time peddled bin wares in n 
bag, bnt soon got so far nhrul that he had a maunfactory 
and store. As Ire grew older ire lieeanre a familiar figure 
in Lynn, nnd in the tail white hat and sartmii mat that Ire 
affertml looked not nnlike cartoons of -- (trotber Jonathan." 

— “ John, the f irnngeman,** ie the moot p-pnUr mendrer 
of tbs under fnrnlty at Harvmvl College. He lias sold 
frill t to the students since l-CsS, and has a valuabl* ac- 
quaintance nraoiig tire distinguishml alumni of the uni- 
versity. Sometimes the students take him with them as a 
taaacol when tlrey go away to play an important foot- hall 
or base-linll game, nnd on such occasion*, it is 1,-— I I v neces- 
sary t<> say, John receives all tire honors dno his ]HMud wi. 

--Iconoclasts have songlit to throw doubt nn tire old 
John Knox honse hi tire (.'uiHingnte of Eilinbiirgli, ns n 
former lnmre of tire great Scotch reformer, Imt Sir Daniri. 
WlUMiN, of Tonuito, t he author of OM HHiwbnrph, defruda tire 
tnulition as not inconsistent. 

— Her, Dr. UhaRI.es H. PaEKHCIWT, who hns l«e*-n elected 
Dr lloWAtil* ('minihy's successor ns ]*rfsidcnt of the New 
York Society for tire Prevention of Criare, understands tire 
practical side nf life. Ho paid hi* way through Amherst 
College by teaching, and followed the profession far several 
year* after graduation. Hindy, travel, and observation 
have given hi* pulpit teaching* a gangs which ia broader 
than the ordinary theological teaching. 

—Tbe fame of John Banvaup. tin- veteran artist, win* 
dred the other day at Watertown, South Dakota, did not 
rest entirely on bl» pwuoraiM of the'Missimlppl. tbe largest 
pictnre ever luaile, in which he managed to give a very 
good reprerentation of two thon*Aiid mile* of scenery mi 
three miles of canvas. He wrote poetry nlurest ns rapblly 
as Ire painted, grinding out nbont seventeen hundred piere* 
during his llfetinre, and while tbeoe productions, like his 
IMintings. wmw none of them remarkiil-le, s«-vera1 hundred 
gained publication in thi* country and (treat Britain. Mr. 
Banvakp also wrote dramaa. two of which were acted, arid 
was an entertaining lecturer. From one of bis |drliire«, 
“ Tire Oriwm," lbe tlrsi rliromo matte in America wa» taken. 
Till he gained fame and wealth hy hi* great panorama, Mr. 
ItANVAKlf* life was one of struggles and privation, but 
nflt-r that lie made money easily, anil speut mueli of it in 
travelling iu Europe, Asia, and Africa. 

— One of the recent victims of the iuflnrnra in England 
was Edwin Lonu, an artist, « h'> w ire judge,] hy widely dif- 
fering estraiatr* His work found many admirers, however, 
mid he exeelled particularly In lit* imaginative representa- 
tions of Oriental antiquity. Home of his portraits were 
also greatly praised. 

— Hilliard* are Mark Twain’s favorite diversion, ami ho 
has a table and rire* conveniently at band iu hi* Hurt font 
home. Mr. (.’lemkim and Ida family are going over tire 
water for a long stay, but he ray* distinctly Ibat litis is not 
to be another trip of “ tho intioreiita abroad." 

—One of the leading rharaetefs in I'ntU Tow's 
(lonrgo Harris, was taken from the ex]ierienee*i of Lewis 
QhoMR Cuhixr, formerly a slave, and now living at ls-\- 
iiiglon, Kentucky. He Ires recently I wen visiting a brother. 
J. Mil. TUN 4 ’i.ahke, at ( Hint. ridge, Miot«iu-lin~H« From 
these two fn-edmen, both nf n tuwn are nearly while, Mr*. 
llAtiniRT llsmirs sniwr gainrsl many of the fact* whielt 
slie afterward wove into her great aulislavi-ry story. 
Lewis UeoRDK ('i.ai:re klw-w pi-ro-onllv many of tbe jieople 
who formesl the eharaeter* of the story, w llieli, be says, 
might have lieen mode much stronger in places without de- 
parting from tin- realm of fact. Sir. Cl-vHKK 1 i»» h»d nine 
children, all of whom be sent toOU-rllii f-dlrge. Hi* wife 
nnd tu o of Hie rhildren are now d.-nd, and he sprint* miN'fa 
of bin time in lecturing. 


400 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., SO. 17* 






n. L DADlfl'N 


a. a oioitoi. 


a x. njcou. 


T I*. CONNRFF. 


MALCOLM W ruKU. 


Muill'IXEIt KEXINUTO.N 


Ll'TIIKK CAIIV. 






THE MANHATTAN ATHLETIC CLUBS TEAM FOR THE EUROPEAN TRIP. -From I'inrr«.«UArnH.-l8KB P.uit 400) 


Digitized by Google 


tuv w- un. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


401 



WEIGHED 


IN THE 


BALANCE 


An oil man looked up from the bench where he *u 
kneeling, and shouted. ‘ The lost is found ! Brother ifaw- 
Mft coming to the LordT 
There were loud inwat *11 over the room. 

John llevati made hi* war among the kneeling people in 
hi* wife'* sklo He knelt down beside her nod whispered 
ling. Mimed something in her ear. then Mood up and walked slowly book 
•dealt to the door. Mr*. Heweu followed htm. The roorri grew 

tli« south it suddenly qnie. 1 . The old mnrt. who had iMM preying loudly, 
ik River and stopped with n« la patient grow. 

Jg Hit; trees. When they were outside in she school yard, John He welt 
interest that (anted and looked at hi* wife. 

i, the attend- “Just unit a minute, Lucy, and 111 briog the wagon 
still coming, around." 

road*. The 81w mode do reply. He drove around where she was and 
aol-bome. helped her In, ami they rode silently away. 
i their light “ I never b*w the tnoou any brighter than It U to-night, 
ifllculty that I lielieve you could sec to rend n paper,” he wid. 

The light* They were nearly borne. She gave a half tub and turned 
d the jieople her head nwar. 

“Don't fed bad, Lucy. 1 shouldn't have thought you'd 
r*. McCnllis- have done It I didn't suppose you was so weak, but I don't 
know as I ought to blame you. Wbnt a row they made when 
siogiogbad Uiey saw me coming forward I 'Caught this tiine,' *ay« 
iag ana gen- they I’’ 

tbe minister “ Oh. John, how con you?" 

Icwett, with " How can I what — faugh? I ain’t going to cry over It 
[if her, won' I know you wouldn’t have been so foolish if I hau boro 
inutc— if be there. " 

ie tube rt»l the Mr*. Hewelt was guiltily conscious of tbe truth of this, 
on* life sho “ I suppose Mrs. McCauUief hectored you into ibe wbolo 
regularly to Ifainir. Site's got more ennt about Iter than common-dense, 
illy gone to We'll drop It bIL I've got a principle against going over 
os that talk uncomfortable things. It just makes them seem worse sod 
Her cheeks worse." 


" I guess he could get hi* own supper for once; and while from the open doom and * 
you're! here, you mignt ns well u*y in sod go , " were slngiog. 

“It ain't hi* getting bis supper. He’s done lltat enough “It's loo bad wc have 
times, and he don't mind doing it; but I don't think he'd ter whispered to Mrs. He* 
want me to slay to-night. " By the time they had i 

“ You don't mean to any he's so set against religion that be stopped. There was the i 
wants to keep you from going to meeting, do yon? He al- era! rustle of people getti 
ways seemed sensible lt> me, lind that ain't sensible. We began to pray. U wreak 
cun take you home lust os well after meeting as before. ” her bowed bead realiug o 
Mrs. llewetl bad been upending the day witb Mrs. McCol- dered what bor husband 
lister, 8lie had come over from tho farm with Mr. Hewett had guemed why she hod c 
in the morning He had brought over a load of com. Mr*, one lime she had spokoo 
McCalllsier Imd promised to take her home toward night felt they led, and had ual 
if whe would stay and spend the day with her. Mrs. McC’al- Church. Before that tim 
lister's husband kept Dm; one store bi Elk Falla. Tbe two wo- morning service, but this 
men sat in the liltle sitting-room bock of the store. They that site bad been to a s 
Wore sewing. It was a warm day. apd tbu door was opened burned, and her heart dbre 
on a porch. The porch was covered with morning-glory vinos No one could understai 
bright with blossoms. posed to her being there. 

Mrs. Hewett got up and went over to the door, with tho from him die knowlixlre a 
prclcnco or getting nearer the light to thread her needle. The prayer ended abrei] 

She was a plump little woman. Her pule red hair woa candied lag Not many knew lli 
straight bark from her face, and colled loooely in her neck, sang with their frightened 
Her fair skin was flushed. Tbe bright calico dresa that rite then stopped. Tltc tninisU 
wore, covered with liltle brown spray*, was over starched, verse* of the hymn. Hu 
turd rattled as she walked aerrua tbo room. the platform, and when 

*' Jubu never said much about it, but 1 know lie'* against down the book and stood i 
there revival meetings. We used to come to church some. tall. Hi* gray hair waa 
times to preaching, you know." ghe bent her head over her bis head. Ills face was 
work “John never bos to say much for me to understand bones, and a large, weak 
wbnt he mean*. 1 ' limpid. After looking or 

Airs. MeL'alllsler looked up quickly at her visitor. Her began speaking, in earnest 
fnee would have had a look of horror, if it bad not been flsiou. 
ovur tmbuiced by u look of curiosity. In a few minutes women were crying softly all over tbo lami 

•* fto heard people say John Hewett was on infidel, but room. They suffered physically, so vividly had been pio- the I 
I never believed It. I always told them so. I've raid, lured to them the anguish anil MifTcrlng of tbo scene. In 

many's the time, 'John Hewett may not have got religlou Mr*. Hewett soblied aloud, hiding her face in berbaodker- buili 
yol . hut he's tut more infidel than you and tnc. F That's whnt chief. Mia VcCalllster, with the tears rolling down her bre* 
I've always ariid." Hhe drew the needle through the cloth cheek*, listened tirenthleaaly. wo* 

In quick, short stitches, and waited a minute for a reply. “And yet Hi* blood flowed for you, my sinning friend. It u| 
" A mau as lender hearted aa John Hewett couldn’t be on Oh. let the blood of the crow be upon your hearts! Let its 8h« 
infidel " mark be u|iou the doors of jour homes. Gel behind the lues 

Mu Hewett citmo hack to her cliair soil ret down. She blood; nothing else will save you ! And now, while we D 

buriol her fare- in lire cloth abc was sewiug on. "He Is," *ing Uw tlirec-bundred and forty ninth hymn, hi every one silun 
alio whl, in a Italf-whispcr. who bos never felt this bloused clennslug come forwanL was 

•' 1 don't believe ill" Mrs. McCaUisler Isold her work light. Tbi* i* Uie place, this is the lime, when you arc going to froo 

)y in her bands— "I don't believe III" leave all for Christ." 11 ! 

“lfeia. I've always known it." “Are you going?" Mrs. McCallutev whispered to Mrs. brer 

•' You don't mean to tell me be don't believe there's suy llewetL M 

God?" “Ob, I don’t know." stud 

Mrs. Hewett bowed bur brad. There was a silence of “Come- I’ll go with you. Don't you feci a cull? Don't " 
•evcral minutes, Tlieo Mra. McCall ister stood up. you want to gor” wen 

•* I'm guing to get supper. and you're going to stay and " Yre Oh, I don't know if I do or 004.' ing i 

gu to meeting with uh. If I was in your place I'd make « "Come mi. I’ll go with you." el 

stand. a ml go right along. Now you're going to *t*y, so The two women were sitting near tho front of tlic room; tbo 
you jlSi Settle y<*ire*lf ontlmt.’* and before Mrs. Hewett could speak again, she fell herself ben 

Mr». MrCallMor went mu into the kitchen, awl Mrs. Hew- drawn forward, and fell on her knee* with the nil around slilo 
Ctt went on with her sewing, the tears fulling on her work, the platform. the 

She felt that she imd already taken the stand against her Some one caine in and partly closed the door in the bach stay 
IiumIhiiiiI in die confession die bnd nude. She lunged to be of the room The people who were in their (awls turned to it. 
al lir>mc getting supper for blm. Slit* thought of tbe cold net w ho it was, and there were whispered comments. Thu and 
lunch he Imd had in place of hi* usual hot dinner, and re man who Imd come in stood wiih Ills buck ngaiust tbe wall, 
me inhered tbnt abe bud planned making biscuit! for Mipner. his broad felt bat still on Ids head. He luul a full branl. i w 
There wits ihi church in Klk Fall* The foundation and Ills brown eyes looked inquiringly around the room. There og-.il 
Ikumi hid. and the people were hoping to build the church was an indifference in hi* attitude awl glance that changed It 
in tho fail. At pre- ill cervices wen* held In the school- suddenly into one of Inlcnte interest, lie took oO his hat, day 
IkiiivO. Tbe school-borne had been placed, for tbe esmven- awl went quickly down the rush* toward tbo front of the o'ch 
lericc of all. in the centre of llic district, awl was nearly a ruotn milt 

mile from Hh; vtlingc. The village w iumiii the lawk* of the “ There's John Hewett going forward,'' some gih wins- SI 
Elk Kivcr. hut the scbuoMuiUK stood out on the unbroken pc red that 


402 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., KO. 17«. 


warm walk. All tire five fwn of lw»r mar- 
ried life went will) her. They bu>J not been 
unhappy year*. John bud been u kind luw- 
buixt always. 

When *Iie came to a rise of ground, where 
fin* oeidd look <*if new the porfrio oad «•« 
tire littli- town in ilit d t»Ou toe, alio stopped. 
If »Jie went tarek now, Joint would never 
know Unit sbo Ii.ol lieeo uway. Lint she did 
not gu buc k. Site drugged ltenclf wearily 
along until *he iiunc iuto tbu one street of 
the little towu, uiid after Mopping at tire 
Btntiou to ate liow long before the train would 
In' due. die went utimi tlie utreet to tidl Mr*. 
McCalltoler good by Sire hopod Ui gain 
from liera little of the moral support she fell 
herself so Madly iu need of. 

The people Unit die pawed looked at her 
curiously and sympathetically. Every one 
knew a lint bin I bafMMMx) the evening before 
It lout Iwen in I ki-xl over in all it* possible 
menninga. The rueu who were then l> lunging 
In IIn< «ioie wen- in a warm diaciMkm over 
John ll.'Uett* life amt Ui* possible future. 

Sir* Mr< 'id lister nan ironing near the <lnor. 
"My! what a start you gave me! 1 didn't 
know they was a soul about. I>id John bring 
down anutlier load of comT" 

•* No; be'* gone to Luugtou with a load." 

4 ’Ob, ban lie?" 

Mr* llewclt liudrralood tlie quick resent- 
ment of ber tooe. " Well, he's free to hike 
bto corn w here he pleases 1 ramie to tell 
you gamt-hy. I'm going borne for a spell." 

Mrs. McCalltoler turned and looked at her 
shrewdly for a minute, then went out into 
the kitchen, and changed the Hat-iron for an- 
other one. and came back trying it with Iter 
dampened Anger. 

“Well, you're lucky to be able to go this 
time of the year. You always did seem aide 
to pick up and go more than any wonmn I 
ever bne w They ain't many men would take 
it .** good-naturedly a* John Mewclt due*. 
Hut then he knows how to help himself more 
tbnii moot men. ' 

" lie don't mind my going." 

"No; lie's ao good-natured, I suppose he 
don't, " 

" I've got to go now. or I'll nit** my train. 
It must be ‘most time.'' 

"Ye*. I ■ttppoae it is. Say. what made 
Joliu llewett take hU com over to Long- 
ton?" 

■ • They're pay ing a bigger |>ricc over there. 
It's some "f (but left over coni He wsnt* 
to get it all hauled away before the new corn 
conn-* on." 

“I don't believe Don McCnliisU-r know* 
tliey'rc come up. He always comes up as 
soon a* anybody olw doc*. " 

Mrs llewett -aid good by. and wehl awnv. 
Mr*. Me<‘ iaier huu nut given her the l»cfp 
she bill ic i. .,*d for. Her interests were more 
»e.t centred than they bud Lxxui tlie day be- 
fore. 

The first slop above Elk Full* wan Turner's 
Bend. There was a little dot of a station 
and the usual long plank platform. At eight 
o’clock that evening Mis. llewclt oat watting 
on the bard wooden bench in front of the 
station. Him liad been waiting all the after 
noon. When the train had stopped there, 
ami the doom of her car were thrown o^ien, 
she bud rushed from the tram, ami *f>u>d 
haikiug after it a* it moved awnv, defiantly. 

"Hod don't expect it of met 1 can't do 
it anyhow. 1 tried, and I can't I" She sunk 
dow n on the bench, and cried aknul. 

The station master canto up and spoke to 
her. 

"I don't wont nothing hut u ticket buck 
to K3k KalK” she said, calming lie reelf. 

11c told lirr I ken- would not be a train llml 
would stop at Elk Kails before eight o’clock 
in the evening. 

" I'll take it ami wait, then," she Mini. 

It was neatly ten o’clock when she reached 

home. 

She hail come quickly away (non the sta- 
tiun when die reached Elk Kali*, out meeting 
any our, Ion the two miles walk across the 
prairie had secured very lung. 

(l whs n blight moonlight night, and the 
w iving prairle-gniNM stretched away on all 
sole*. glistening with a heavy dew. 

When she came into like yard (die could 
see her IiusInuuI through the otic® door. He 
Mit with hl< arms reeling un his knees*, and 
hi* head bent forward. When she drew war 
I In- door sire could bear the cal purriug on 
il>e mui.iiud the clock ta king on tbu mantel - 
He raised hi* bund slowly, and saw tier stand- 
ing there. 

"Oh. John, I've coma hack, I couldn't 
help it. I hail to." She sunk down on the 
door step, covering her face with her hmid». 

•- I'm so tired I don't know what I'm uhout. 

I walked alt lire way to Elk Hull* and luck, 
and 1 waited in the Ma|ioa all Hie afternoon 
borides.” 

" What station dhl you wait ill T" be asked, 
without getting up. 

*' I went ns far as T urner's llcud I couldn't 
go no further — 1 couldn't; and it's been so 
h<>t, I never saw such a hot day. It seem 
cd as if I'd never get here." 

John Hewett got up. and went over to the 
sink, aud uuinprd some water into the tin 
dipper, ana took a drink. 

1 think you've done enough for one day. 
You'd better come in ami go to ta*l now " 

Shu got up. and came in wearily, and sat 

"On my aoul. Lncv. you look just taint 
o«lt'. [ thought I'd hud ike worst of it, but 
I'll give in. ' He came over to her aud took 
off her bonnet. 

Hire caught bold of uU Laud and held It. 


"I couldn't go. John. I want to do wbut’a 
right, but I couldn't go." 

•• I never thought you was fur wrong, 
Lucy We've plod on. doing our duly, being 
cheerful as we could, aud we've been honest 
and kepi our debt* paid up I don't think 
we've got any cause to cry over our abort 
coining* before a whole houseful of people 
Don't let's try to fix up something ou the out- 
side to live by when it's all in us *U)' way we 
look at It " 

He went over Li the wood box and begun 
cutting kindlings from a pine stick 

" I ought to set bread they ain't hnnlly u 
bit in the bouse," she said, rolling ber bound 
strings smoothly around lief finger* 

• ■ I think you've made enough sacrifice for 
one day without setting bread, tired as you 
am. I'm going to take you to church Huu- 
day morning*,” he kiiiil. after a luuineuL 
"Oh. John. nru you?" 

"Yea. That'* going to be my sacrifice. 
When 1 see Brother JoIjumio rolling Ii to eyes, 
mid sigh lug. and telling the Lord nlmut ull 
the department* ut Wiisbiucton, 111 think of 
you sitting all the ,-iftertioon at Turner'll 
Ih-nd. instead of wishing I wo* home aud 
out under the trees. Thai 'll he iny sacrifice, 
but 1 don't begrudge it, acting you've come 
hock." 


A.MKU1CAN' HOADSTEILS AND 
HOAD HI DEBS. 

IIWmdAm SM. HvpplmfU.) 

the teeth, and the standard work* have a 
chapter on ibeni, tail it is my oiduloo tlul 
the average veterinary surgeon has a very 
imperfect knowledge of llie burse's mouth, 
and the troubles tikat come to the teeth. 
Whatever knowledge I may hare gathered 
was learned iti the school of experience. In 
which I ant still receiving instruction a* now 
subjects come Ut me for treatment. For the 
veterinary profession I have tlie grratcat re- 
spect. and some of the leading surgeon* in 
this nod other cltlc* help to increase my pnic 
tic*. and call me in to ©jw-rnte on llic tra-th of 
horses in their cure. There are questions 
alMtut wlilelt we differ— for instance, a* to 
extracting Ire-lb. Nearly all Ibe aullmrilies 
still udberc to the old method of cutting into 
tire Jaw. ami driving the tooth out from above. 
I refer to the buck’ teeth, or grinders. Tib* 
I* n iinxi utinecoMary ax well a* a tedious 
and painful operation. I will undertake to 
(Truw any tuotli in a horse's ntotith with no 
other instrument l>ut a pair of forceps, and 
to du it iu quickly ns the ordinary dentist 
will pull n tooth from tire hitman mouth. 
Yet a* easy and comparatively puiuUu* a* 
this method In. you will frequently sra? an ac- 
count of an elaborate trepanning operation 
by some ili.titigutoLcd veterinary iu order to 
draw a tooth. 

"There are several dim-nse* of the teeth 
that hinder or destroy the uscfulneas of the 
horse, the one most frequently mol with 
lieiug known as overgrowth. This term 
dot* not Just express the Idea, as you will 
see. When the hone is running wild, nr 
turned out to grain all the year round, hit 
teeth will take care of thenwem*. and he lias 
ao need of the dentist. When in captivity, 
where lie eats food prepared by man, the 
teeth have to lm looked after The soft 
food that he picks up with the front teeth 
docs not wear them down os fast a* the 
grinding process nraiCMitry to mastication 
wear* the b*ck teeth. As a result of tills, 
tbu front truth continue to grow until the 
grinders are held so far apart that they can 
not do their work properly, and the borne 
swallows hi* fore! before it is reudered fit 
for digestion. For this the only remedy is 
to do lor tike front teeth by artificial mean* 
wliat nature would do If the hone were 
grazing, that Is, keep them down to a proper 
length I have an instrument of my own 
Invention by which I tan cut the over 
growth away On cosily a* you could cut tin 
with a pair of strung shear*. But there i* 
another trouble resulting from stall deeding 
which is nearly as prevalent and quite os ven- 
ous ns the overgrowth of the front teeth. Iu 
grinding ford the horse is pretty sure to 
wear the hack teeth iu the wrong direction - - 
llml Is. at an angle contrary to the natural 
one-- and they si»u get iu such a condition 
tluit he cannot chew properly. With an in- 
strument called u flout, which is merely a file 
or rasp cased in steel so lliat only the upper 
surface i* moo red . I can remedy this, rwiior 
iug tlie grinders to the proper angle. Home- 
times the teeth ajdlt from hay ur grain get 
ting hot ween a small break, ami them* must 
be extracted. C ilbcrs decay or ulcerate, ju*t 
hh with human U-inga.aud again the force (hi 
must lie employed. All tlw iMtrumcnts for 
tbeve Various iqivrotioli* 1 boil to invent, and 
some of them have been altered twenty times 
or more, a* experience suggested improve- 
ment*. 

"Tlie fully matured hone has forty tocth. 
and the mare has thirty-six, tlie latter lark- 
ing the four tn*k* known ax bridle troth. 
At uue year there are twelve front teeth, MX 
on each whu-h remain until Hh- age of 
three, Tlicsc shed in pair* up to five years, 
after which the growth remain*, ami only 
cliaog*-* from wi-ar. Then there are Mnull 
tusks! called w olf teeth, that arimetinic* come 
close to the first grintkre, generally in the 
upiwr jaw, ttamgli I have found them in the 
lower They are easily reni<ivnl, and not 
very harmful. A* the horse inert***-* in age 
from live, the front troth change till they are 
solid, and in (he old animal tb*y project at u 


greater angle. Hliarp dealers make an old 
lioiiw's luuiith bxik younger by drilling into 
the natural cement of the front troth mid 
putting iu u comniwition to surround the 
artificial cavity. Tills is known ns ' Irish- 
oping.' and whm well (hum it is almost iut- 
posotble to discover the cheat. The surest 
way is to tost the teeth with un lOstmmcnt. 
for the natural ili-ntine is quite hard, while 
the counterfeit filling remains com |x>iiiilvt-ly 
soft. Tlie age cun hi- 1 welly aminUrly ascer- 
tained from the frutit teeth up to 'fifteen 
years ; after Hu.t it U gio-wwork. A dentixt 
who comes in runliicl with every variety of 
mouth should lie ablu to determine the age 
well enough for practical pui |»iKw 

*' The irrtgulur growlli is seldom found in 
young bom*, nohw* they have been f«l to 
class to make tl>em grow fast. The chief 
trouble with young uniuuil.s is that the grind 
era do not shed pro|Hrrly. and the old tootli 
will remain with the new one tauhiug ila 
way out. This prevent* the n >ll from chew- 
ing liis foial. and he gets iu hod condition. 
With thorough bred* taken up early to run 
race* this to often ibu oue. ami it requires 
constant attention to keep their teeth inorvU-r. 
To show to what extent tlie slanting grow th 
may reach, I have the skull of a hoi sc that 
starved to death near Wilkeatwrre, Pennsyl- 
vania, some year* ago. Here tlie grinders on 
the near side wore away to on edge, until they 
grew (Hist each other, and the troth become 
several indies longer on that side. Of course 
the liorse could not chew hi* food, and the 
long Iroih cut into the gums above aud l«- 
low making ulcerated sure* A few miu- 
uti-s' work would have clipped off tlie over- 
growth, and the animal s life would have 
hron mved. 

" He*ideh i lie various irregulariliea of 
growth and the dbesue* referred to. there 
are troulikw peculiar to trotting horse* that 
are uord a« roadsters oi for racing. These 
are. lugging on one side of the hit. nod pull- 
ing. tailh of which are unpleasant habits, 
ami certain to prevent the norse from trot- 
ting as fast a* hr would were he to drive 
straight In nearly every case (hi* Is caused 
by ibe way in which the hit rest* against the 
lower grinders. I have hail so much of this 
in my practice that 1 cun tdl Instantly <ni 
feeling a horse's mouth whether he drive* 
straight <>r not. If l am treating some other 
Irouulr, I find out from Urn owner or driver 
If the home lugs on one rein or pulls, an that 
I am sure of being our reel iu my opinion 
The remedy is a very simple one. ami con- 
bIsIh in cutting the teeth down no that fbe hU 
will not rest against them, and it t* then lin 
possible for Ibe horse to pull. Where ii hone 
goes w ith UU head down it i« uimosl lni|*utt 
slhle to prevent tlie habit, for in that com- tlie 
tat rest* aual n*l the jaw instead of lire teeth. 
I have tliought of a device for curing this 
by placing u piece of vulcanized rubber on 
the jaw, level with tlie Iceih. but have never 
made the experiment. A borne tint poll* 
with the head up CM ueurly always bo cured 
by cutting the troth. 

"Another trouble with trotters i* where 
the bit. being pulled hard by tlie rein to 
steady the horse in speeding, presses tbt- 
li*w and lender skin of the eheek against 
the sharp edge of tbu lower gtindeni. 'I'tiU 
will soon make a hoc. and whenever tins 
reins are tightened the horse Niiffcnt great 
juaiii, and instead of trotting lord, makes 
continual break*, and grt* off hi* ctride alto- 
gether, ThU is « very common trouble with 
truck aiul fast nail luirx*, and it can lie rem- 
edied at olicc by bevelling the teeth so Ihul 
then; to nothing to cut the ilelicatc *kiu wheti 
it l» pulled over. The must notable cane l 
recall just now was Unit of tire little black 
gelding David L., by Fuller Wilke* In 
1‘W ill to horw sturiiil in a race at North 
Adams, Mmoachusetis, ami was beaten In 
2.3.1. He wiu very uuatendy. and 1 was 
called to examine Ills mouth. The sharp 
grinder* lmd cut into lire skin, so I bevelled 
them ul once, aud David I. won hi* race 
tire next i l.»y, trotting tlie first heat la-tier 
Ilian .20, though the rvcsiriU give it a* 2 3I‘J, 
and tire same year lowered bis mark lo 2 '211 j. 
Hincc Uren he hiu* trotted in 2.11*J. ami 1 have 
treated hi* inoullt fmprenlly lo prevent lire 
old trouble from returning. Tire famous 
pacer (tiatkip Junior wa* affcctixl in the 
Hiitnu way. and «oniu five year* ago 1 fixed 
hto mouth at live Ocatlemeo's Driving Paik. 
I’liilude ijihta. Before tliat be was a |iurlic- 
ularly lmd actor; tail wbeu hi* unli were 
rounded lie went steadily, going (aster each 
year. Ull Id* record is now 2. 13j. lie hud 
not gone faster than 2.20 Irefore I ojremtexl 
on hi* teeth. Anatlier trotter tliat I helped 
was the hoy mare Lizzie M.. hr Thomas 
Jefferson, whose mouth was in lad sbn|>e 
wbm I SXSAlnsd leer at Ulion. After bev- 
elling tire grinder* tire more went much 
faster, and lowered her record to 2.2UJ. 
When tire him k stallion Atlantic came down 
through lire Grand Circuit in IWJ Ire had 
the Mime difficulty. At Alliuay I fixed bis 
til th, and Ire trotted inueb faster, ending 
with a record of 2,21. Tire faxt mare Ko*h 
lind Wilkes weal off her speed in 18H7. after 
winning at Rochester. Her teeth bad hewn 
operated on, but were Irevrlkd the wrong 
way. and h was nmwary to let them prow 
out ngiun ta-fnre udng any artificial means. 
As Hood on tire teeth got right tire mare’s 
sprovl rcturnnil, and she has since trotted In 
2.li|. Beside* those named I have had 
among my imih-nta Hairy Wilkes, Belle F.. 
KitefiN.it. J. t j , Kn*i Folgcr. Governor I III], 
and mxoy other fanout trotters. Among 
uoU-sl trotting ataUtous that 1 lutvc treutod 


for ovet growth are Volunteer, Harry CW», 
and I’aDi'.vast . " 

I'erlinp* tire most remarkable proof tUo 
d.-ni iary i* of great value to tlie lmi w „ 
the core of the brown gelding Dubbin ■,,« 
owimsI by Mr. Ferguson, and kepi at In* m 
hie on Fifty serum! Street. Tins horse •>, u 
least thirty-seven year* Old. hi* age l»in c 
veriAt-d by W. C. Trimlde, a Wri| kimsi, 
trainer ami stable proprietor at Newburgh 
oil tire lludsiui. who lmd bint ul une linre 
For many year* Mr. Ilisliop has I ilors. . t 
kept Dobiiin alive by attending to hi* uvii. 
and this oldest stable inhutatnj|t Is still vie 
orous cm nigh to be driven regularly George 
II. Danis)*, a chestnut gelding with a recced 
of 2.24. who won nearly twenty race* !«• 
twrou 117:5 and IB78, and is now tweuty 
tluec yrars old, lots abo been ill llw Has 
Fnui cisco stable up to a n-ront date, and liy 
the dentist's skill keeps ill excellent health, 
aud is a partirulnriy line roadster. The i!lu* 
tratlun Fig. 1« shows Mr. Biahop at work . -n 
Dobbin’s moil Ui, cutting dowu the lung fruut 
teetli. 

Along with tire Improvement! in tire brml 
of roadsters, and lire excellent arrangeirec-l* 
for keeping I Item fit for duty, (he vehicle in 
which tire trotter may aterrtaa bis power* 
ha* undergone many important change*. 
Tire best of the light vragou* wus known l. 
the yacht hotly," hung mi elliptic spring, 
another seen in the old print* wa* the While 
Chapel. Then came the piano but shape uf 
body, and tlirnugh inuumernblc stylr* we 
have tire Wlutlsoi wagon a* the must 
iounide i«lt*rn for tlie modern nad riibf. 
The chief difference i* in tire matter of 
weight, tlie v el dels of forty years ago being 
from 300 !oU0 pouml*. while ltawc of today 
are seldom over 145 punutb. The tauly it 
placed on side Imre, which rest on half 
spring* instead of the elliptic, nntl thi* atfaU 
laiH-b to tlie appearance. Tire fatuoui 
Brewster make has n vertical steel plaU- in- 
net tel in tlie axle lied*, lo relieve st ruin ..a 
the wheel and bub and make the wheel ran 
more truly in liuc. John D. Itockefelle-r n**t 
a wagon of 145 (SMinds. Frank Work drives 
iu one Irn runinds lighter, wliile tire Bonner-. 
Henry W. rutuaui. Nathan Straus, and nu.-.y 
ntors towI riders of New York take their 
daily spin in one of tbeae spider like hut 
Wonderfully stiff mid strongly built wagon. 

In lire matter of liatnow tlrere hx» breu 
the anmc stetwly reduction of weiglit witli 
nut wi r ifice of B*faty. the uarruw striiw of 
leather now employed ta-ing mj tunned sol 
|m-|»red Uial they are quite a* safe for 
spiM-ilitig bm lire htnvler gear. Altogether 
the American trotter a* equipprai for ih- 
park and rood roorewellU the a<me of *pt«l 
with eh-g.iix'c of i-arTiage and of him 
may nay. in slight purnphnure of Shake 
apmic's tribute to the sioed of Adouls, 

" So it-N-» Ull. twin <ae«i a nnmoii one, 

!■ Nlu.T, la rooms*, color, pace, uiul bote-' 


THE CAVE OF THE WINDS. 

I Dowr if any more vivid iaipmaiun I* 
home away from lire sight* ami wonders of 
Niogain Full* (Iran that derived from a ra» 
aage throngfa the C»vo of tire Winds. Tlie 
emouoiu experienced ate likely to be lasting 
memorie* I went through ibb watery night 
mare, ami if tire cnjuytnenl of tlie general 
pilgrim to this shrine nf .Eolos i* akiu lo 
mine, tire feeiing* awakcocil by the firat nip 
will not be »ul'j<*ct lo any modifiraiint-' 
through essaying It again. Unco ia enough 
fur a lifctinre. 

W itli tlie eonacienlhm* desire of thorougU 
|y "doing" the great American cataract, iny 
campnuiof! and I fell llwt we must visit the 
Cave of the Winds. There I* a guide ls«ik 
touch of prnmitc in tire title: (he readily tag 
gars all veriml suggi-sliveneso. 

The American rail Is divided Into two un 
equal taalie* of water where it liurU itsdl 
over the roekv p*r*|H'l which transfer! iIm- 
course of tbo Niagara RlftrUi a niiicli loarr 
plane by a sinnll pntrh of land known o 
Luim Island Behitid tlrelemeruf (Jiere tre 
nremlotia downpours to tire cavity called, by 
tlie utmost justice of ap[>eUalioo,’lhc Cave of 
Un Winds. 

Home preparation to newt wary before vrn 
luring on a trip which secure* to the tourist 
the most monumental sliowcr-halb lie 1st* 
ever cxiwricncvvi. A hath house very abut 
lar to those wlmb art- found nt sea side re 
sorts perelji-* <>n Goat Island at the hrink • f 
tiie fall. It i* approached through the alyl- 
lie beauty of the Suite Reservation on ti* 
AmiTinin side. After disbursing a dollar to 
the man Iu charge, a key to supplied to Uw 
victim and be repair* to a dressing-room 
There Ire get* out of his comfortable c lotto* 
into a yellow oiled suit, very uncomfortable 
tall very prartiral. There is a round hood 
to Ibis 'out 111. which is pulled up over llw 
ltewd, leaving only tlie fseo visible When 
attired in this water proof apparel tire tourist 
Iiy>k* like a cross between a fireman and »n 
EKiiiinuu. Tbu shoes are alw discanhd, 
ami a pair nf soft cloth integument* bound 
tlgb«ly un iu the feet. 

Tlreu (he guide took us in hand in all our 
beautiful Ignorance. Hr is -tee peel in trail 
linn aud anecdote a boot the fall*. •’ You're 
a gain' to see somethin' scch a* you 'ain't 
sci n lire like of before." be said, dlopnsslun 
ately, its we started off. Tile young New 
York artist who drew the spirited sketch of 
a promenade to the Cave of the Wind* wliirk 
is pre'cntrel to tire reader in this number of 
lire Wti-KLY aud my seif went the patty 



MAY 80, 1801. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


" You're uola' to more'll you Oarsnin 



ThU rrnutrk wiu treated with flippant dis- 
regard an ■ showman's prafcaaktatU extrava- 
gance. After many experiences of (lie nail 
falling i>IT from the nit-lured scene on (lie 
|mrt of (lie meagre reality. one Is given to dk- 
counting hyirert.olc of prediction. When I 
got tn (lie mil of IlietripiVritli a glad gratitude 
Ui*t it should coincide with the point of de- 
parture and liiul not occurred in truHnlu. I 
marvelled at Unit guide'? feeble | lowers of 
exjwcssion. 

nr gro|ied our way down a spiral stairway 
In a small. very high tower, and emerged oh 
to tbc Inure wet rocks at the liasc of llie fall. 
The enjoy meat begun at once. With a nmr 
a* nf a million mill* the deluge of water fell 
heavily at our aide, the shuttered column ris- 
ing iB BBoko-Hka mltl A vaporoua cloud, 
cold and thick, wrapped u» in it* humid 
folds. Tile mud churning of tin- waler win 
like a maelstrom, mid the din of this ale men- 
tal unmar Ini upuu the cun In Utrobhing 
thunder 

Tbr frail bridge* which «puu (Iso black 
rock* above the seething water upirear to be 
the tlini»l*>t of wooden way*, mill lire -lender 
biind-ruiW quite iniidcuuate to any stniin. As 
you pul )our dtrurlod foot on the wet Uiurd* 
and grasp tbc slimily wet rail, whack agmiMt 
your fnce beats the cloud of watery particle* 
with inodent force. Under the irierelleaa 
stroke of Ui« icy water van >-n*p, clutch the 
rull, look to «-e how the guide U lakllic it, 
nud wonder if It will do that again. That 
worthy i* forging ulieiul with u «luhd confi- 
dence which hi* prey I* far from shitting. 

It doc* do it again several limes- In fuel, 
it boa not the courtesy to give you tune to 
decently inflate your lungs between blows 
With llie deafening note of Niagara making 
speech inaudible. snve when you yell at the 
top of your voice, the angry water iluuta your 
unprotected face in its sublime bulsferousncM 
of j»lay 

• >u you go gaspingly over the wet wav. 
dinging to tire urek* with your toes tl, rough 
tile soft cloth. Imagine the shook nf a cold 
douche nl short intervals, and you haw some 
Idea of what trailing nlong at the hami of N> 
a gam is. You are in no trim to pause and 
jwrer through lire fog-like mbl to we If you 
can discover a circular rainbow, though this 
llllrnclian is billed iu large letters ill the pri«- 

( rectus of tbe trip. Tire grotUetl attraction 
or you is that which the rail has for your 
hand ami the rock for your prelreudUr fool. 

You go the width of this section of the 
fall, and then vary tiro hilarilv ami comfort 
bv turning to your right mid climbing up llie 
•loping ascent of rock. Tin- nautiili* on your 
wind and temper are even worse ibnn Icfom. 
At last, with one entirely gout and only a 
remnant of llu- other left, you stand u! the 
entrance to the Cave of the Winds. All ihlx 
Imliel of sound ami flagellation front the cata- 
ract it only prelusive. 

I stood blowing like n stranded whnle, lu n 
vain attempt to churge my lungs with air. 
The In-art action la materially «|tilckewsl, 
ami you are In doubt, if you are fortunate 
enough to escape drowning, whether you will 
succumb to palpitation or •.ufTocsith.n. How 
the sensitive hearts of young newly married 
people must suffer iu the descent to tlieCaVe 
of the Winds’ If your mind can muon nmld 
the turmoil ami diu. you reflect that you have 
brought this on yourself, and have (add a dol- 
lar of the national currency to Ire exposed to 
this luxury of discomfort. 

Tbe Cave of the Winds, dark, foamy, slip 
jiery. mid terrify lug. lay before me. In front 
of ii auil above is the Injure of millions of tolls 
of water, slightly tninslueent , nl the rear U a 
black pent of lubricated rocks, with no ves- 
tige of a pat li , no sign of a hand rail or sup- 
port; lielow you is n churning caldron. 

It was exceedingly enticing, lint as liiy 
bn-uthlng «(ii<cc now scented uliout an inch 
in extent, 1 declined with lliauks. I had hpil 
uiorc Ilian a mortal's share of this kind of 
mptyuteni, and it seemed wicked to try to 
grasp inure. A dry dentil on Urm /oh*. 
with opportunity to think «nit ante-mortem 
statements. seemed so much more dignified 
a form of de|«rlurv In then* even your yell 
a* you disappeared into the well of roaring 
water would lie iaauditile. 

The guide and my friend c\t» -.to land on 
tills eccentricity of conduct. Hut as I had 
in do my own breathing, I remained firm. I 
had hud ail I wauled of the Cave of the 
Wind* At last the Irearllews wrvtthr* 
a*Ui|drd a strategic movement. They start 
*d aero**. I was left like a wet and grew- 
some fowl on my roost. confronted w ith till? 
cheerful dilemma, to go hack nlone through 
tile battery of tbr fall or pas* n.m|*tuionud 
through the Inferno of the rave Mr -icinl 
Instinct* prevailed. IV Iren the guide looked 
buck. I signalled my change of purpose. 

lie returned. I took his bom*t horny hand, 
and turning tny fun k to the fall, nud abstract 
Ing my attention us much as poswlblo from 
everything In llm neighborhood except lire 
guide. I started across I pul forth ID)' leg 
tentatively till it struck some purchase-, then 
the saute ■•iteration with the other one. 1 
knew it wa* slow." and kind I preso— rd it* 
nt*l a confidence lliat It *»• ••sure," I should 
nave felt murh better in tuv tniud. 

Tbe dimeu-ion- of tin? Cave of the Wind* 
are given a* ISO fool width. 11)0 feel height, 
ami TO fevt depth. The whltli was the only 
distance not exaggerated. It snemed so much 
more Ilian that* It wo* like a small choky 
corridor with the deluge going on lu it 
When I touched the other side and wa* 


nut of it. I experienced the one undiluted 
pleasure of the whole trip. Hut I was very 
glad Imbed to have gone through it. I *»w 
no circular rainbows, and if my only chance 
to tee oue is by going through tire Cave of 
the Winds again, I shall never liehntd that 
phenomenon. 

I asked the guide If It was common for 
people to arrive at the entrance to tbe cave 
mid the conclusion lliat they hud had enough 
simultaneously, and was delighted to Hud that 
it w ns. Detent of men turn buck The wo- 
men rarely do so. This U enough to entrance 
one's admiration of tire sex. 

One tiling may be truly said about the Cave 
of the Winds, and Dial is that nothing raid 
ulioul it can properly describe It. It has to 
be endured to Ire appreciated. Dorc would 
have enjoyed this awful grot. You fairly 
brush ui> iigalust tin- great water fait lu tills 
trip, ami everybody should make it ami get 
ii g. Ntd idea of Niagara. Accident* tire ex- 
trvmely rare. Jons J i Bucket 


OX A NA.MKI.ESS lili.WK. 


No brazen nvonunrent is tlrere to mntk 
This spot whereon be fought ami fell to 
save 

ill* cnuulry's honor, licit a lillthewiure lark 
Sings softly from a rose bush o'er his 
grave. Jons Kumks Bum. 



XATUALUS, tint k. VI 14.11 Ip'IJA or stem I A. 


TIIE EXILED QUEEN. 

BY STIPHIX HuNHAL 

It would lie n pleasant and u graceful act 
fire die stranger scriblder. who hut six diort 
month* ago was bidden to Irer table, to break 
a Inure in buhutf of so fair n lady as Nathalie, 
tire Queen mother of Servia. who. thanks to 
the cnhlc-graiu* iu the dally press, we an* at 
this moment enabled to follow, as. In |dulu 
rcKpic gui-c “with her Mark raven hair 
falling down her back." die I* driven from 
the kingdom of Iter Mm into a cheerless ami 
ii childless exile! 

llut. unfortunately. Queen Nathalie has al- 
ways nvailrd Ireraelf of lovely woman's pre- 
rogative, and never foiled to place herself in 
the wrong at almoat every turning -point iu 
her lurtiulent career. Knowing, as I do, lliat 
llie unfortunute woman carritw into exile 
with her the ti-nrs and the praycra of every 
wife uurl every mother in Servia. and lliat 
the presentation of the true facts in the cane 
will in unwise abate the sympathy which these 
Imjiortant member* of every community feel 
for lire unfortunate Queen, I urn cmbohlrn- 
ed to lie uiiktiigblly, BDd to tell the truth. 
Htlll. personally. I would much prefer to have, 
ns the students of Belgradn, lire inspiration 
of tbe moment and tire romance of the ailua 
tiou MNiny excuse, ami honey the brad* of tire 
lielgrmle point’ wilh Itludgeoim, ns they ure 
doing, ami. perclrauce. Iv led away Into tire 
lock up, with lire rhirnlrous cry of “ Morin 
mur pro rvgtiia uostni' ' upuu my Hpt, ns 
they are doing 

Tire sorrows of Queen Nathalie as mother, 
and her grievance* an wife, have now been 
pretty thoroughly nired for four yonrs, since 
the boy King was taken from her mstiaiy at 
Wiesbaden, and lire Holy Synod of Hervla 
wus lulled U|h.ii to cope with tire knotty 
question raised by King Milan's demand for 
a divorce It has Imhhi atred b> the nausea 
of many, and perliarn tbe proprietor of tlx; 
great New York daiiy. who cabled from mre 
of the fartlrermnat corners of tire globe, 
" In. ii t print auylhlng more alxxit Nathalie 
and Milan, ami'urvrr meutiou lire Skoup- 
slchina again in ray paper," was not out of 
touch wilh tire |sjpiilar pulse 

Hut when it tieci«rac* line's painful duty to 
reside lu lk'lgmdr. ami to immerse one a 
mind in the Servian |»Uiical ureraw, tire re- 
verse of tbc mrdallUKi becofiM-s quite patrnt. 
ami tire unfortunate mother b .-oou seen and 


everywhere nrcognixod In her true color*, 
(jueen Nathalie is a political inurplnt. who 
has ill ways treated her huslianil not only us 
a quantity to be ncglectcil In tire poltilcnl 
game, but even os a factor to he entirely 
overlooked without fear of coosc<|uvucca. 
This was her gre.it mistake. One run easily 
despite King Ml Inn. nud lliat right heartily; 
hnl even now. ns h^sjirnds Ills •hy* on lire- 
Preiieh nice tracks, nud hb evenings around 
lire grern luliles of ihe Patidnn trlpotn, lie i* 
a rut lor. ami a powerful one, in the game 
whieli tire gnat (lowers are playing in tln- 
lUiknn countries This mbcaUiilntlun was 
Queen Nathalie's great mistake. Fair as she 
is, grarinu* a* sire Is, and persumtlve a* slie 
only cuu be. Queen Niithalie has done more 
by her political iDdUcrctiotis nud entangling 
inlrigues to diminish lire rhanres of her boy 
ever reigning over Servia I bail King Milan, 
ilrspirabh- ns Ire l», and di*re(iiniilil«- iih he 
stands befure the wnrld, wilh all hi* failings 
confeMed. 

All lire world (and espadally his w ife) have 
taken up lire rudgel* in sup|Nirl of tire fair 
Queen's ttrniaikd for that In-uimciil from her 
husband which lire ncnsiuit womnu as well 
a* the Princess lias the right to exact. Hut 
Queen Nathalie never advanced this demand 
unlit it titled hi with her isdilioal game 
Ti n years ago evury man and every Woman 
in Bel grade knew why IblcimarkufiU’li ami 
Protk'M. who are now Hegeiits.aere- spoken 
of wilh contempt a* tire "tarnWred Goner 
als. 'dcsnlU) Iheijr many uud highly burnish- 
■xl mnbtl* Si tire sodden elevation of a 
green grocer In n small way of business, 
named Olstich. to the Servian embassy in 
Berlin, ami the transfer of Madame Art Jure 
ala (.'risileh lu eourt. could not have come 
upon tbe Quern gg a siii-|>rbing and altogeth- 
er unexpectrel «iecnm’iree 

It Is a matter that Ususcs-plIUeof the most 
convincing proof that Quo< n Nathalie was 
the ta-st >|>y that lVraiaiii and llitrovo, lire 
agent* of tbe Taar In the Halkan*. ever had 
uiiou the movements and the (dans of King 
.Milan during the era when his nuti Kuwi.vn 
policy was rampuit in Herein, when " bet Ire 
vassal of Sultan than serf of Tnr” was tire 
evangel that Ire prewrireri.aml from whU li Ire 
promised his subjects tire salvation of Servia. 

Hut mure than enough has Is-en said nlsiut 
a scandal which both King and Queen helpid 
to make most unwvory. Milan wus a load huv- 
latnd. and Nathalie not a nnalvl wife, and the 
documents placed Ireforr Ihe Holy Synod, 
which prove lrer trmclrery and c«]>iuiinge 
tifaut her hudmnd, aro tvmduslve. raid will 
u<H escape history. It was only when her 
pdltlcul coin la nation- falltsl of their ex|iect- 
isl Micecra that the Queen ia'lboughl her to 
rake up tire aeanilaln of lire court, uud tiinke 
capital out of undoabted grievance* which 
she liad hitherto tacitly if not openly coil- 

But tlrey are not plcosnul peo|di> to screak 
nboiit. tires* S-rvlnn (Hileolales, uud imlosl 
tbe Servians, |M-ii*niit as w. 11 na Prince, have 
gonedown liill rapidly in the last grirenitinii. 
Jlnudiek and Karllch. the Servian histori- 
an^ thcmsclvrs admit Ihe dprndcruw of their 
race, and iu ilefnull of a better m«ut>, asrrilir 
It to some inridkma mnlarln. which, eruaua- 
ling from Ure swamp* of the Sava anil tbc 
Morava, hasdwaiftsi tire race physically ami 
morally, and transformed Ure descendants of 
lire men of lire*** and aiMVra who follow**! 
Ure brave Milosli to lire holy ware against 
the (,'rtwcnil. into Ure |«le uud puny hoys 
who present tlreinselvea for enrol Iment iu 
thu army »n Mnv <lav, 

M. (Jruilch. lire Prime Mitiister. ami Ure 
Irrnlcr of the radical and l(ii»*oplille patty, 
which I* now and promiws to remain for 
some time In tbe nscendiiut. hns always 
passed ns a friend of Ure Queen, and perhaje. 
onlv ronie fre»h outburst of Irer |«dili<wl 
Mctivltv ha* forced him to sanctlnii tier ex- 
ile. llut (letbana he has <uily adopted lire 
S|Ktrtuu ttrellHsi of saving the life of the 
family tnv of tire Obrenoritch hy lopping 
olT its older and more infirm brauclx-s As 
long a* Queen Natlialic was |>rrniltted lu re- 
main iu tlwi country no power could jurvi-nt 
King Milan from returning |s-riiidica1ly — 
whenever he ia lauiknipl, which is at pretty 
fmpM'nl interval* Thin wus Ihe raw last 
summer, when tire King, who had ’ plunged” 
unfortunately upon Ihe Grande Prix dc Pari*, 
came down upon tile Hcgciits " like a holt 
from the blue,' and shownl Hu m. In hi* cool 
keen way. that while Ire hail abdicated bl* 
kingly prerogatives, lie would not suffer the 
slightest infringement of hi* |iateniul rights, 
and tbnt lie had come lou k to Servia to stay, 
and to watch over the education of his dear 
son, and so Ire went alioUl Ihe country ingrati- 
ating him** If w ithtlreidUcvnof tire army, and 
making slashing apeeebea in NWi nud Krns- 
uvvotx. until tire whole country wa* In imi- 
lltical ferment, and Gruitdl and Kisiicle* 
I'snu to Ute eoncliuion that (icaee and (|itic( 
was worth Ihe half a million francs which 
Milan demanded aa lire price of Ills ile|atrt- 
ure Then suddenly this gout, which chain 
Ml him to Nidi anil iu wonderful thermal 
springs, anil Ilia Inmtable appreeinUon of the 
res | *>u si bill ties of his internal dutba, disnp- 
| «’»red ovi-rniglit. and tbe King flitted luirk 
to Pari*, w here we hoar of him a month later 
as bring hkreklallcd at the Jockey Club. 

Tbe casual reaMler of the A f manor A tie 
Mi will come lu Ure hasty conclusion that 
King Milan, ill mnrrythg the daughter of tire 
Kutsiun t'okmvl Keeholf for love of * liar, 
mmle rather a mlsalliotKc. AmuMitigly 
enough, Queen Nathidie ia quite of the op- 
pusjte view, and will generally let yuu know 


401 


that the mlanlllancc was all Ure other way 
Hbc la tire daughter of a Princess Stourdn 
who liail a hUtury, n minor incident of whirl 
wa* her murri*ge with Quern Nathalie * f* 
tlrer And the Htoiirrixas lire aa old as th> 
hills, and throughout their long eventful |q N 
lory have never lowered tlreir crest, trot ever 
ft* uii oil century . mid if you have new 
I wen lu Uirehniesi. or bt-unl Ihe rumor tha 
i* current, tbougli tu>t generally rmlited, iha 
Ure Htourdzu* lire tbc direct lineitl dcM'end 
ants of lire Uoimin Enqa-rorTriiJan. nmj iU u i 
his lost legionnrie* are the fnre-fal her* nf (t, ( 
Koiimsni.ro* of today, the Queen will |*|, 
you HI. and you will believe. Ihlt to Iret 
iiiIikI tbi* cxtiidewcpnaion in marrying ,| K 
gramluin of a swineherd was Ure beginning 
of all evil, and Ure rautt of tire blight lliat 
ba« come over her life. 

I-very *Uy last aumnrer, wlren Helgmdn 
was hot a tnl n-stltws with the suit* of the 
dog days and Hi*' Murtllng rumor* which 
Millin'* presence gave rise to, the Vale of 
To|Hthcdn. or the ” Valley uf Ure (.'oriuon," na 
it 1* called, just out of tire city, a strange atxl 
toireliliic scene could la: nllnews.il, which 
slion* how lire Servian royal house ia di- 
vided against itrell. It te'tlre hour when 
Ure Ip“)‘ King drive* uul with hi* father for 
a swim in the river. Queen Nathalie, *c- 
cotiiniuiicd by Mile Slana Huukltclrervich. 
would generally await Ids pnssliig. reatrd on 
some ruuii- seat by the drive. King Milan 
«its on tbe left bund of his son and sovereign, 
ansi (Kiffk vigorously away at bis cigar, na 
though It were his pnr|HMC lo bide the hoy 
ttway in chaiils of omnia from Ills mother's 
»d eve*. Hut no. Ule Is.y King rtres from 
his seat on rulcbiug sight uf her. anil after 
saluting Irer formally with the military an 
lute. turn* and slyly kiase* his hand to her 
a* long a* Ure carriage remaiua lu sight. 
Comnrent is unnrcrssary but it is often mode 
by tin* (mAsiug (s.-a-nnls w bo comedown from 
tire nioimtnins with tindr donkeys liulcn with 
fruit, and tire tenor of their comment is. ’* A 
plagire on hoili your purentx. aiwl God bins 
our boy King!" 

A talk with King Milan in rich mental 
pahiilum for the traveller who is aweary and 
athirst iu Ure dreary eon versa Uncial wastec of 
tbe Balkan* It Is un tininlxed delight, but 
should Ire partaken of wilh the admixture uf 
much salt. It I* a delightful atvmrie set go- 
ing by n.Hm-rrt* after the Servian fasbisiei. 
and coni-Inileil w ith Turkish coffer- nnd cigar- 
ettes. bih! a more Ilian Persian etiquette pre- 
vail* througbout. On crossing over into throe 
couulrbw one l* innnediatelv forced lo lire 
conclusion that Mr Oscar Wilde's lament 
"over the dn ay iu tbe art of lying" k at 
lrast timnitliin’, ami in con vernation with thsr 
ex King you. if you never have before, are 
immediately caught, and |iarli(-ipHte in tbe 
eccentric iMH-t's in I ii >1 r ut ion ami enlhinlao— 
for the able and uoMnshing story Idler who 
irevs-r glvt» way t« philuMipblc ih-uus, ami 
who i* aware (lint lire criterion of truth la 
tlireliintlrig, King Milan fall* quitr natural- 
ly inlu Ihihi l*i*i n blank verse, nud when 
wannliig to bia work, s'vtn soar* to rhythmic 
rhyme Your Seivlati ennnot liclp tnht It 
is luhereut in hi* luigunge and Innate in his 
Irlooil. Tbe Mtnlsleruf Ftnaiicc. wliosa name 
I would not venture to spell, mode his bud- 
get n.|.ort lo Ure Bkoupaitehlna three year* 
ngo in wdi-iirranged quntraiiM But tire bud- 
get did uot linlnmr as well a* the ouatralna, 
ami while his report was received aa a re- 
mnrkiiblr priKloctiun in literary rirclea, in Ure 
world of nuance it excited distrust and sus- 
picion. and Servian kinds would have taken 
a nimbi.- bad Urey imh been ulre-ady deeply 
embedded in the In a loin rock of Bourae quo- 
tations. 

Queen NallMlIe U not as beautiful now In 
lire searching light of sunshine n* siic is in 
lire subdued light of n anbn; sire i* Uwouilng 
stout 8o if Qimm'Ii Noth. -die nieriti* lo excite 
the iieadenin youth of llelgraile lo rrlrelliou, 
and lo rend Hum up to Ure caiiiiiin's loonth. 
she hud better lose no time. Next year <t 
may be too lute 

fdir alreuld Ire Warned by the fate nf n 
ihartitlng woman In Pari*, who thinks that 
sire should Ire Quern-regent of H|hiId instead 
of the Austrian Princes* She ts lire |>rnud 
nroUier of two handsome boys, who are sev- 
eral year* older than Alphonse XIII.. tire 
Dement lathy King: and the ex Queen laa- 
ireiln. and tire mother of Ure late Alphonse, 
who has large view*, calls her. " My daugh- 
ter. " "1 walled loo long. " she say*, "and 

wheii 1 auM'rtf.l my rights. I was a little fat. 
mid |reoplr sakal I w»» forty, though rruttg I 
wa* only twenty-eight, And thi* l* why I 
am uot Quern regent of Stniit." 

I should nay that the litre of the Obnmo- 
vitch, »tarl«*l by the brave swine herd Ml 
ioab. has mu iU courses And the rival hoitae 
of Ure KaragenrgaviUll I* quite Impoorible 
The last descendant of Black Gporgv, thu 
only soldier uud lender of nreu whom Na- 
poleon envied, follows irondc*crl|tt tntrsuila 
un the boulevard* of Pari*. Tire Herr ion* 
U hhIw i, if tlrey are to l* 1 wuMillcd. bnvc 
a strong desire to be mini arur by sonre matt 
!y men. k r of tbe gallant line of Nigosh.wbo 
have held the lllni.-k Mountain fur many ecu 
utrres agaiii*i Christian and MohNnumiian 
fire alike Prince Nikltu of Moutunegro.tbv 
"only rcliiilik frimd of the T»r. wouhl 
rule over Servia lo morrow if it hut suited 
tire iioliliral cards of tire T«nr'» loiiiinter* to 
|rt him bconir Birouc llut it dim not. 
rtoyfttel tint III* flieoildiq.. w 1.1. <1 bus MV 
er fullerv*i in ndvrrslly. would succumb lo 
Use iusidtou* in Hire tree* of prosperity nod the 
pUBMSMoa of greater power, > . 

Digitized by C.,oogle 


404 



THE MACHINERY 1IALL OF THE COLUMBIAN EXPGSITIQ 




406 


HAKPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., no. no;. 


MACHINERY IIALL. 

COLU M HI A N EX POSITION. 

Thru is a slightly vulgar sound to ■■ mn- 
chureiy lull " Tin- word* suggest steam 
niukiiiif. winter -strained lard oil .and tire 
ii'imiirina of every-day industry. A more 
dignified term is " Palace for Mechanical 
ArU.” and tbut Is wlret lilt manager* of the 
Columbian Exposition have named the Im- 
mense building that will be erected on tbc 
ackaonj Park site for tlic display of median 
ical appliances in INKS. Necessarily the in- 
terior of tills building will Is; rather roughly 
•-oiisinirlcd, without special aim ul beiiuty or 
intricacy of design. Thu architectural work 
of the affair— :i rather ungrateful U*k. by- 
Ihr way— was confided to tire geoluxof Messrs, 
Peabody Jfc Stearns, of Boston, and the ex- 
jx-rts ia the deportment tfcpUlniRba Imre 
it that these gentlemen lave acquitted them- 
selves very well. 

To rtdurn to tire rough interior. It will 
present— so it is said by those who have tbo 
arrangement in tbc eye of thrir mind — an 
appawmitcc very like that presented by three 
milway train - Looses placed able liy side. 
These will Ire the Hirer itavc* of the build- 
ing, and each will be furnished with a weighty 
travelling crane. to lie used for the purposes 
of lifting and moving the machinery that 
will tie displayed in them The truiu houw!- 
likc appearance will la- induced by the span- 
aion <if tlirve att-lred trasses, constructed sep- 
arately. This idea haa been followed fur 
utilitarian purposes. When the Exposition 
shall have come to an end, the building will 
not go to Una. ns will tuHiiy of its fellows, but 
the trusses will be taken down and sold 
to railroads that desire to purchase a few 
train houses at a bargain. The throe house* 
will ho surrounded on their four exterior 
aides hy a fifty-foot platform or gallery, to 
serve ns su observatory for persons w ho wish 
to bebofcl tbo whirring machinery at a dis- 
tance. Tlic construction of these platform* 
will he deferred until the opening of the Ex- 
position. 

But if Messrs. IVatiixly A tMearns were re 
stricteii a trifle on the ornamentation of this 
conuuunplacp material, oo limit was put on 
their ingenuity so far n» the external piece* 
were concerned. and it is here that the really 
meritorious feature of their design appears. 
In the two exterior slden of their budding 
adjoining the grand court tbe architecture 
provided for in Use plans is really a tuatler 
• if cnimrti. and confer* no smnll degree of 
logic on the pretentiousness of the niuue 
bestowed on the pile, ’rheir fagotto were 
studied dowdy by mauy architects, and the 
judgment of these wun that the Work WM to 
lx* grad oil second to the tec touche* of Mr. 
Kirhnrd M. Hunt on the building fur the ad- 
ministration, which was described a fortnight 
ago In this Journal. 

The two facades indicated are to he really 
rich and palatial, a* a matter of fact- llcn- 
will be the Grand Pluxu. as it ia called, and 
the buddings facing it are- to be designed 
with a special view to making a grand back- 
ground efl«*t for displays, and, loo. in con- 
formity with the general richness of tire 
grand court. Hence it U that the two fa- 
cade* of the machinery ball— or lire Palace 
for Mechanical Art*, to give it the official title 
— are mnd« ornalewitb sculpture, colon nudes, 
and oil Mir pulchritudinous effects. There is 
nothing strikingly original in tbc designing, 
Imi originality ia architecture will be a rare 
quality In the building* of lire Columbian 
Exposition. The design borrows from da* 
sic models In every feature. Espe cially have 
tlic arcflitccts limited with an eye askance in 
tlirir work at the nraafesauce of Seville, ami 
prrbu|»» some otlrer Spanish cities. They 
seemed to regard the Spaniard*' notions as 
singularly appropriate to the work in hand. 
A* in the other structure*, the front* will be 
tilled in with stuff , and the coloring decided 
upon i* u tone in ivury. The main entrance 
will be in tile form of an arcade, which will 
admit of pawiige Into lliat part of lire build 
ing that will Iw under cover, The exterior 
color effect* will lie departed front in tlw 
decoration of the Interior iu sncli plans us 
admit of decoration, These will be cbieffy 
the ceiling*, and here coloring of a gorgeous 
character will lie attempted. 

The length betwixt tlic palace of the ma- 
chinery mid tlw temple of agriculture will 
lie titt«! in with a long colonnade, having ut 
cither end a cafe. This colonnade will be 
broken at it* middle by an aroltwuy calculated 
to lead into the space* apportioned to Hie ex- 
hi hi i of rattle. From tire portico here the 
view, it is *aid. will lie noble, fur a vista of 
almost a mile will be opened. Tbe full 
length of tbc lagoon will be presented. and 
the southernmost end of it will tcrminnlc in 
an obelisk and fuunliiiu— IImi suure lintl up- 
pear in another perspective. published in an 
earlier number. 

The dimensions of Messrs. Peatwdy A 
Stearns's buihlin* will Is- N>l feet long by 
300 feet wide. ami tile Ihwt.m architect* liuvu 
spei i tiiHiiy monilmon the ia*k dc-Jgiilng it. 
It will Im- located at tbc extreme x.utii of tlic 
park. between the shore of Luke Michigan 
and Stony Island Avenue. JiM north of it 
will rise tire admins! ration building, with its 
grand dome, and tire corner toward tin- noitii- 
west will appraveh very clrwelr the great 
transpurtatiuii loop. The building will Ire 
in hi lc on a line with Sixty fifth Street, if tbu 
highway were exlemteii. 

Additional 'paces will b mink for the ex- 
hibit* in this department by tli<- erection of 
an annex to tlic ball proper. This annex it 


t* proposed to construct in Uie rear of the 
administration building, but convenient to 
the hall. Tbe annex will furnish a sort of 
connecting link between several of tbe greater 
buihlirtgH of the Exposition, Mich a* the ail 
ministration. the mines aud metallurgy build- 
ing, (lit tiau'porlation building, andllie me- 
ebiin ical hull Itself. These links will bu 
supplied in the form of tunnels furnishing 
avenue* of cunuuunicnlion to the ground- 
floors of ail these detmrtxneuU.atul by bridges 
for thcaccumtondattoii of visitor* whuchiuiee 
to be on the galleries of one exhibit and de- 
sire to reach the other witbout taking a cir- 
cuitous route for that purpose. It is pro- 
posed lo build the annex iu tbe form of u 
very simple aud inexpensive structure of 
wood, with no attempt whatever at beauty. 
It* general type will be that of an ordinary 
mill or foundry, but iu shape wilt be very 
odd. In Hat it U to he annular aud of abb 
feet in diameter. ThU ring like shape was 
considered as best for the reason that it is 
proposed to run an elevated electric railroad 
around Hie satire main nave. This rood will 
be operated constantly, aud will supply to 
tbo vUllors an opportunity of seeing tire Ex- 
position without having tbc car* In the 
middle of the annex will be a garden, with 
cafe npixiiiilmcnts, and tliU will furnUli a 
pleasant retreat fur those who desire- to es- 
cape for a short time the bun of belts and 
pulley*. 

Attached to the annex will be tlso boiler- 
house— no small affair in itself. Here will 
be shown what will doubtless be the great- 
est display of lioilcra ever seen— in America 
at lentil. These boiler* will Ire kept alive by 
means of gas Ales instead of Are* made with 
cool, and thus the disagreeable nuisance of 
vast clouds of smoke will be avoided. Iu 
that portion of tbe annex building adjoining 
the huUMr for the boilers will be creeled the 
ek-ctrlc plant— engines and dynamos— that 
will l» ure-d to furnish tbu subtle power to 
those parts of the Exposition where it will 
ho used; and that will ho almost everywhere. 
This r In tiic plant w ill turps** oil affairs of 
its sort in the life of tbe science of electrici- 
ty. and its tremendous vibrations will be one 
of tbe marvel* of tbe Exposition. 

The exhibition in machinery hail will, of 
courae, be cnnflnrd to such engines ami invert 
Hons as teach the lesson of pregres* learned 
since tho application of steam to motive pow- 
er. Hinge* will lie shown rather than Hmi un- 
broken procession of improvement. 


THE EUROPEAN TRIP OF THE 
-MANHATTAN ATHLETIC CLUB. 

Tuk first American athletic Invasion of 
Europe occurred in I Nil, L. E, Myers rep- 
resenting the Manhattan A. C'., ami Eugene 
Merrill the Scottish American A.C .thc for- 
mer wiuuitig the quarter-mile in 48i. and the 
latter doing u mile on graw in in 

1SS4 the M. A. C sent over u team consist- 
ing of Waldron, who hus it 10-second record 
for the 1DU yards, Fredericks, and Myers, 
These were joined by F. I* Murray, llw: 
walker, who reprere-uted the Will iumriairg 
AC. Waldron let dowu a muscle iu his leg, 
and did nothing, hut the others won nearly 
every race Urey entered. Iu '»> Lon Myers 
again went over, on hi* own responsibility, 
and cunipleteil a scries of wonderful per- 
formance*. A A. Jordan and L. P, Smith 
both weut over the same y««r in time for 
championship moeilug. thu'furnii r falling iu 
the Qua] of tbe hurdle race, aud Smith run- 
ning second to Cowrie. Iu both the 
M.A.C and New York A.C. m-ni over teams, 
those inciudeil by lire former being Con- 
IH-1T, W. 11. Page. H. M. I tanks, Jqn., Fred 
Westing, E. I). I^ngc, aud H. S. Young, and 
for the N Y. A. C-, A. A. Jordan, Ut«irge 
Oiay, W.C. White, C. M Smith, and W. C. 
Dobm. The team this year i» pmbsbly 
rirouger than nay previous one. It will soil 
alaiut June lOlli, and Compete at the Hud 
deiaflvU uw-eUng Judo JIIUi. llw chatupluu- 
sliljm at Maocbestrr Juno STih. and nw*t 
English. French, mid Belgium athlete* at 
Part* a few days later. 

Malcolm Webster Ford, the champion alli- 
lete. was horn in thi* city on February 7, 
IStia. and Is now twenty nine year* of age. 
I1U height is 5 feet V inches; weight. 162 
pounds . chest nica»nrenreot. natural. 4t>l 
incites, inflated. 48 Itches; wui»t.31 inches, 
thigh, 22J inches; calf. 16 incites; forearm, 
IVJ inches; aud bioeps. 14 imihtts. All of 
Hreae nicastirenieuta were made iu nUiletic 
oositimr. so they represent tire man exactly. 
There are many athlete* of more massive 
proportion* than Mr. Fonl. hut none Hint 
bate accompli* bed m> mucii Altbongll hi* 
diiiM'n<4uns arc large, they will he appreci- 
ated more fully when it is token Into conahl- 
crutluu that he hn* no sijpcrltuoiix flesh, ami 
i* very active iu both mind and holy. Good 
judge* have proii.miicni him to I*- tire great 
e*4 combination of strength, activity, and 
eixlursivcc Uutt the u'.lijetk world hit* ever 

Uh'iatly when an nthlelc wUlim to gain 
prominence ho DIM devote his energy to a 
ovtlaia iine of work, ami not waste hi* *treugtlt 
on any other, Iml Ford is it man gwtd at ev- 
ery thing, and in running and Imping is un- 
excelled. It ha« often boon naked bow lie 
got sih'Ii vymnw-titcal iteTcl-ipmenl. It is 
Imthusc ire hn* always seined every opportu- 
nity he lias hud of getting physical exereiac 
of any kind He lias been known to entry 
trunks that un expert expressman couhi not 
handle, mid wlu it he wo* a boy m the wbok- 


sale dry-goods trade he could eoual the ma- 
jority of Hi* purler* in tracking heavy com*. 
A story Is told of him how, when he was 
Judge 'Hilton's nfftec-bny, the Judge gave 
him a message ami carfare, and charged him 
to return with the answer with nil pomiMo 
Kjwvd. The boy neither walked u-.ir rutle. 
but emptoye*! (lie style of locomotion which 
wo* second nature to him. and returned in 
such astonishing short time Hut tire Judge 
could at Ar*i icarcely believe tbc answer gen- 
uine. His boyhood wax full of such little in- 
cidents, and they sltow thui ho was even then 
]MMuesscd of extraordinary energy. Mr. Ford 
did nut inherit unusual physical strength. 
Birth bu father and mother arc of » literary 
turn of miml— Ids father, by the- way, being 
tire pcoecssor of Hie largest private library in 
Brooklyn. Ilis grandfather wo* n professor 
in both Y'ale ami Amlierst college*, mid bis 
great-grandfather was the - world-renowned 
Noah Webster. There is no I letter example 
uf lire clone connection of mind and muscle 
than iu Mr. Ford. 

He has wun over ISO pm.es, consisting of 
medals, Jewelry, and cup*, some of which are 
very valuable, mul at Hmi present time lias tire 
largest and most valuable collection of any 
amateur in the country. The most costly is 
the "Travers" mednl for a lUO-yard race, 
which biui to 1* won three tiroes tr> lieoome 
the property of tbe lwihler. It is a pendant 
very cluburntely engraxd and studded with 
diamonds, and i* valunl at fJJOu As the 
greater port of there prixew were won tu con- 
tests where he was Jieavily handicapped, it 
umkra the collection the more uotablr. 

Tire tiret regular albicHcconloUhe entered 
wa* a 100- yard race, in which be received a 
haudieap of 11 yards. He won widi the 
greatest ease, and from that lime his im- 
provement wns so marked that at the begin- 
ning of the next season, 1SKJ. lie juiueil the 
New York Athletic Club; and that full, at 
the championship games, he won tbe running 
high jump at 5 feet mcties. aud the run- 
ning brood Jump nt 21 fret 74 inches. He 
alsu weut to the ('uiadiun I’hampioDsliip 
gun res of ihat year, and won tire high Jump. 
Tire next year, at Hre American Champion 
ship games, he wun tire 100-yard race and 
brood jump. In 1885, at ihc American 
('Until punish ip gurnet, he won the ltXt-ynrd 
race aud broiid jump, and in Canada tlw*220- 
yard and ipiarter <if a mile nice*. At the All 
Bound luieruatlunul Chiuupiunslilu games 
held tire satire y ear Ire defeated England's 
best man. Jultn rurccll, scoriae 3S poiut* out 
of a possible 50. while his opponent secured 
uliout 85. In 1886, at live All-Round Cham- 
pionship games, Ire mode a still higher aver- 
ugc, sconug 45 pjinb* out of a possible 54. 
He id to woo at the Am eric an Cbiunpionship 
gulires tire 104 vanl mid 220 yard races nod 
brood jump, and in CitniuU the 100 yard,22tk 
yard, lire rutin ing high, and the running broad 
jump. 

I it 1487 he did not compete, un account of 
being barred fur alleged profetatooallam, hut 
in 1KSH he again won tire All-Round Cham- 
pionship, scoring iW points, with hut a few 
weeks’ training. In the fall of that year Ire 
won the running high jump champioittiiip 
of Canada. In 1884 lie won lire All Hound 
Championship of America with 34 points, 
aud the miming brood jump of both Amer- 
ica aud Canada. 

Tbs following is a complete list of Ids best 
records. 11)0 yards, 10( seconds; 224 yards, 
22} sccoodi; quartar mile, 52| seconds: 134 
yards' hurdle. t?j aecuuds; Handing hnutd 
jump, 10 feel 9J iuche*: standing high Jump, 
3 feet J inch: running broad Jump, S) fret U 
inches, nilining high jump, 5 feel 11 indie*, 
three standing bruud Jumps, 34 feet 4} inch- 
es. ten standing Inroad jump*. 113 lect 3J 
inches, standing hop, step, and jump. 24 
feet 9| inches; running hop. step, and Jump. 
44 fret 1| incites; pulling Hi- lb. shut, 37 feel 
2 inches; ihrunlug 161b hammer, 41 feel 
14* incites; throwing 5fl lb. weight. 21 fed 
10* incite*, jiule vault. 4 fret 6 incites, oor- 
inmd bar vault. 5 feet 6* Incites: aud push- 
ing updunib-lrells, either arm, 134 11m. 8ev- 
eral of the above are the beat amateur reft- 
ords in tire world. Most of tbe other* men- 
tioned are within a fraction uf lire best rec- 
ord*. several of which are kDowu to he wlihiu 
Mr. Funi s power*. 

All of these records Were gained without 
artificial aid. tutd no athlete in the world 
ever til uric such it set of higltrlus* records as 
this list shows. It proves conclusively that 
it is far better to use all tire pari* of Hre sys- 
tem nt liter than lo develop one at the ex- 
pense of another. Mr. Ford'* figure gives 
tlic impression Hurt the part* were put to- 
gether for an especial purpose, the result of 
the Judicious training of all. Ill* regular 
habits must have had a great deal to do with 
his successful career ox an athlete, lie doe* 
not uae tobacco in any form our indulge in 
any rtfrari To-day, properly trxiuod, he 
could defeat any amateur iu lire world in an 
all-round contest, 

For the first time in half a dozen year* a 
tall mitii won the amateur championship for 
the thrre-mile walk in September, 1830, and 
C*. I.. N'icoll, who »tatul* over six feel iu 
walking slides, became the champiou for 
that year, 

Xlcoll made his appearance on the track 
during tiic year of 1X83. He took part in 
many amateur wnlklug races at all dixlnnces 
in the vicinity of this city, ami met with suc- 
cess. He won ilcvchijtt-d a good style of lo- 
comotion. and iu n few yewr* he was tanked 
aiming tire best lb- competed in tbo cham- 
piuiump guinea iu INJi, hut did uot wiu. Iu 


1888 Ire took p»ri in lire Amct Iran ftthtre 
ayidn, hut wilh rlcfcaletl. But be went t-s 
Mootmtl n few weeks later On hu club* 
team, and captured lue three-mile ovnt i n 
grant Htylc. ddl iib 22 mimilr* 44} ibcoihI*, 
which w*» the fastest time made then since 
lhKi, when F. I’. Murray ditl 22 min u res ]j 
seconds. 

Tire xnijon of 138® opened well f-jr him, 
for be won h large numlrer of lnunlMtip 
nuea generally from scratch, in pmt 
around New York and Philadelphia To thr 
fall of tire same year lie captured Hre ihrie- 
tnile ebamptonship walk of boiii America 
ami Cu nods, doing 23 minutes 33* srcniut* 
in the former on it very heavy track, uati 2J 
tnliiulc 1 * 41} secondx in the Canmlian titiun- 
Hi* hulhl it very unusual. and lie t» decided- 
ly thin, weighing 1.20 pounds. He •how* im 
tendency to urcuiuulnle lle»ii, tuid slllt-mgli 
he ha* a good depth of clrest. his waist is 
unnuturidly small, measuring only 20 inches, 
and that for a man six feel htgli i* most un- 
usual. lie steps out with a long, free stride, 
ami when feeling well his style of moving 
in»nrat»e* lira- majority favorably. 

Until an in door meeting In Madison Square 
Garden several winter* ago Harry L. Ifctd 
mun was not km-wn to tire athletic world. 
On Unit evening Ire created a sensation hy 
actually running away from W. C. Dobm iu 
a LnuiJiriip half-mile. He Isigan running 
when in lire \V incest* r High HcIhhiI, hi 4 
wliiht there won the scIith.I all round run- 
ning and jumping contest three time* iu firs 
meetings, securing 20 first ami 8 second 
prizes, and making several records, two or 
tliree of which 'land today, lie entered 
tire Worcester Polytechnic Institute in the 
spring of '88. and since then hits won 16 
first and 8 second prize*. bt-*ides breaking 
II records. At the present time lie buhl* 
seven Tech records. In the spring of 'Ni he 
wa* second in N, E. I. A. A. ltiplt hunlle 
race, and la«t spring second in tire 230 ynrds' 
dasti at Hre same games. His brst running 
was done lost fall. He was secood in half 
mile at Youkera, August fi, by 4 Yards ia 

2 01 1 from 12 yard murk, won the half mile 
American elmrapionship. October 11th. at 
Washington ; tire half mile at Boston, Octo- 
ber 18th. in 2. OHJ from scratch ; and the half 
nt M. A. (.1 in di/or game* iu Miuiixon Spinre 
Garden November 1st. front wrntcii. iu 2. ml. 
Beside* there he lias won betweeu 80 ami 44 
oilier event'! uf less impjrtancu Hi* 1**1 
retvirtl* ire IM yarais, 14} xcconds; 234 

Unit, 23 secumla; 440 yitnl*. SI second*: 

nif-mile run. 1 tuluute 511} secuud*: mile 
run, 4 minute* 48 seconds; 120 yards' bunlk 
race, IHJ SMXMuls; 230 yards’ hurdle ran:, 
28} seconds; running broad jump. 24 feet, 
and hop. step, itud jump. 40 Let 1 1 inches 
Was huru AuguM 16. INK), aud i* twenty- 
one year* old. Weight, hi condition ami iu 
running costume, Ilf |wiundx. I’hysicslly 
lie Is a counterpart of tbe greatest runner 
that ever put on n shoe, as hu was in LI* 
prime— Lon Jlyera 

Mnrtinrer Remington is twenty three years 
of age, 5 feet II inches high, ami weighs 152 
pound* iu condition. His first race was a 
HXiyanl novice event at the Outing Athletic 
Club game*. Novemirer 4, '«». vrlticii he *•« 
in 11 seconds. During the following winier 
he began to attract attention by winning 
several in duar spriuls. and at the Nautilus 
Bust Club gnfiK-v on February 3. 44. in the 
fraud heat — a 30 yard event — he ran three 
deiul heat* for first (dace with T. I. Iree. 
N.Y. A C., winning the last one hy olstui 

3 iuche* lu 5} seconds. His first nice 
out doors wns at tbe spring meeting of the 
3I.A.C-, where, iu the final of tire 133-yard 
dash. Ire rmi a dead heal with W. C. Downs, 
who had 1} yards haudlcwp on him. In the 
run off 1 lawns wiwi hy ulx.ut a fcart- 

During last summer he won n great many 
races, mid on Scptetnlrer 1st captured the 
scratch 100 and 220 yanl at the S. I.A-C. 
gitllies hepteutber 20t'h be v> oti the 4 tu y uni* 
at the M.A.C games, ami the following 
Saturday the 4441 yard Canadian Champion 
ship in 50} second'— his btart performance. 
He wav one of tire 8aiforal Hanh r-Maulmttan 
A.C. ten in thui went lo iletruil, Chicago, slid 
Buxton, ami be won tlic qiutrlcr mile itl em.ii 
place. Un October lltli, at the American 
Chsanpiouship. lie ran setiond in the quarter 
mile to W. C Downs in 30 second*. He was 
thrown out of hi* stride in llii* event hy a 
man fulling directly in front of him. He hai 
shown up well this year, und liitls fair to im- 
prove hi* previous |rerf<irniance greatly. He 
is a smooth, steady runner, exuenvely strong 
at Hre finish. 

J. 8. Roddy went on tiie track in April. 
'88. at the advice of his pltysiciaQ. owing to 
inherited lung trouhles. In October, '87, he 
won the Freshman 440 scratch, iu a base 
ImI) suit, in 51) seconds, hut did no ‘■ub'cqur-iit 
ru titling until the latter part of March or 
early April of tire next year. He then com- 
peted in four set* <if games, winning first in 
Hie half-mile twice iu slow time, and being 
beaten out of a place in Hmi other*. The 
first years of Ruddy's career were tilled with 
defeats in clow finishe*. but be »u gaining 
strength nnd Incoming tnrmidalilc In thc 
iost two years he bun done almost all hi* 
running, and In thnt time Iws beeu placed 
in thirty seven out of forty-six contests, 
haring competed and l»-ou pi need tis the 104 
380. 444. 8fk>,8Mi». mile. 8 mil*, ami 8-mile 
runs, in the ruuaiug iimnd junijx, running 
ltigli jump, and spring board Jniup.adechlrd 
variety His la-st tiislances are tire 444 and 
8N) yard runs, olid tlic running broad jump 
os a sraki issue- lu tbc former bis brat jmb 



M.VY 30, l SOI. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


407 


lie time is 50} aecood*, mad* at the Intct- 
colirgiiile game*. when he ran second to 
Dow ne. like last 800 record U 1 minute M 
second*. Hindi' nit tl»c University of IVini.vl 
vaiiin track, May, H9. Mini U-st" 880 var.U iu 
2 minute*. when second In Dadinun at the 
A A. U- Clvampiorodiips lunl year. Itln weight 
when lie I Kigali running wa* 110 pound*; it 
i* DoW 140 pniimU. Height, 5 feet 1 1 itn'lit'd. 
lit- wu* twenty four yen in old a couple mouths 
nfler Imi started to trnin, three jnua ago. 
He ix regarded a* udu of lire fastest middle 
distance men In tin- country, and is a strong 
example of what judicious exercise will do 
for u man. 

H. L. Hal lock made hi* lira attempt in 
atlilvtim iu H7. under tin* instruction of Pro- 
lessor Amln-ws. of the Brooklyn Y- M. t ‘ A. 
At thnl lime being u member of the Nautilus 
Bout Club, bo competed ttmler it* color*, 
winning the scratch high jump cif tlie old 
Bruoklyu Athletic Association at 3 feet 7 
inches, which was at that time hi* best per- 
formance. In the spring uf 'Hi* he liecame u 
inemhcr of the Hum -n Island AtldKic Club, 
under who**) cwhir* hiM most important vic- 
tories were, the Athletic t'luh of Schuylkill 
Navy jump. In the spring of '89. from scratch, 
lieigtit 5 feet 10} iur.hra, and second in the 
American Championships at 5 fret 0} inches. 
Ill Doccmbrr, 'na. lie joined the Mi.ulmtlun 
Aihletn Club, hi* most imjwrtanl winnings 
since then taring seenml in the American 
< 'ham pionstii pa ( xdi1 as Nickerson . N . Y . A.C.. 
wa* dfauualitled, thu Amateur Athletic Union 
awarded him first prixr), and llrel in the 
pines of the Nautilus Boat Club in February, 
AH . at a feet 10} Inches, which is hi* Iwst per- 
formance. ilis height is 5 feet 8 inch's, 
weight ISO pound*. and uge twenty - two 
year*. lie liegotiatc* the jump with a great 
deal of science, and hi* steady improvement 
lias been due entirely to indefatigable prac- 
tice. His natural ability was not great, and 
what lie lux* done is due to cultivation. 

I. other II. Cory was boro nl Turner, Maine, 
mid is twenty three year* uld. 5 feet 8} inches 
in height, ami in condition weiglw 142 pound* 
in his miming costume, lie made his first 
appearance In Chicago in ’88. and the re- 
markably fast lime witli which lie was cred- 
ited was not believed here in the Emit. TIm 
following year lie made M* first appcaruiKxt 
in the American Cliampsoushtpa. at Travers 
Island, ilmahaiieously with John Owen, 
Jim., whom he hod defeated in the West 
Ilis exhibition at this lime wus dbuppoint- 
lug. or rather it confirmed the belief, in a 
great many, of tlw inaccuracy of Western 
timing. Cory wus not in condition, how- 
ever, on that occasion. Shortly afterward lie 
entered Princeton University, and from the 
lime that he first underwent a proper system 
of training Uo ha* I wen regarded one of the 
fastest nidi in the country. libs first race 
w as Id the Y. MX’ A. games at Chicago in 'Si, 
when from 'yard mark he won the 100 
yards in 10} seconds. At tire Obeflla College 
games in '89 be run 100 yard* from scratch 
in time returned as 0}, track one foot down 
bill; Ire also wou the 220 and 440 ou tire 
same day. 

Hi* other performiuicee that year were at 
Detroit. Western Championship*. 100 yards— 
firs*. HI monads, defeating J. Owens, Jun., 
by 3 yards. Same place atiu llii>e,220 yards— 
first. 22} In tin* event Mr. Avery’s watch 
stolid 22 seconds, Mr. Eddy’ll «J. Mr. Clark's 
a shade under 22. Flan of ptstol not dis- 
tinctly wen. J. Owens, Jun., second by 4 
yard*’ Also won 440 In 58| hy 5 yards. 
Wanderers' (lame*. CUcago, July 4. IS, 
1(N> yarils. 10 second*. New York, Travers 
Island. September, 89, defeated In tiial of 
100 yard*’ run ltiilndclpldu U. P. games, 
February, UO, 40 vanis scratch — first. 4}. 
Trial wou hi 4*. Record disputed and m.t 
allowed, a* truck was tom up. ami < valid not 
Ire remeasured. New York. March, VJ, 
threw 60 yard heats, each in 6*. Boston, 
April. '90, U. H. I 'liainpUmsl.il*. 75 yards - 
first, 7).. I nten-ollegiale. May. 90. second 
IU both 100 (in 10 seconds) and 220, ami de- 
feated bv C. II. Sherrill. Travers Island, 
Jim.' 7. "'90, first in 100. 230. 440 C H. 
Hlierrill fell in 100-yard race at 90 yanls. 
Horne day. record lit# yards, 11} Princeton. 
June 10. 4(0. first in 100, 220 220 hurelle, 
100 in 10 seconds. Mnnlrenl, September, 
Bo, sccuud In Canadian Championship* — 
100 yards. Washington. October. UO, sec 
oml "in 15. S. Championships 100 yanJs hy 1 
fool in 9}. getting u poor start. 

lou-t tlrtolair, l»tb, at Princeton. he rail 
100 yanl*. limed by four local expert*, who 
returned 9} scennds The lime was nut gen- 
erally accepted on account of tire timer* not 
being oooaktorrd sufficiently skilled. On Ure 
name day, by the same timers. he did 220 
yanl* around curve iu 22 roennd*. Ills 
last noteworthy performance wu nl the 
Princeton game, May Veil, wlren be ran 73 
yards in 7| seconds. establishing the world's 
record for that distance. He has an ex- 
tremely awkward style, tlucu not lake a 
very long stride, and gallop*, but ire has 
great natural speed. He is nut fust in get 
ling oU hi* mark, tbointli Improving in that 
Xl»|K-ct. He is running very strong this 
spring, and will probably do some recofd- 
Wvvking Irefura the year I* Otlt 

V. A. Joseph Queekbenicr i* a veteran in 
athletics. He I net Imm-ii ioiii|* ling dace 1872; 
hit-; won three hundred medals, thirty-four 
of which arc championships of lire united 
State* and Canada. He wa* boin iu War- 
saw. Poland, thirty-three years ago. weighs, 
when in cundiiion, 218 pouuds, and I* 5 feet 
0} Inched in height, lie 1ms been a uremher 


of lire New York Athletic Cluh and Staten 
Island Club, but now represent* the Cherry 
Diamond only. He buhl* tire following 
world's records: Impound hammer from 
aland. 81-font handle, ttfl feel 4 iudres; 16- 
jsiutid hammer front stand, ill-foot handle, 
100 f«t 5 incites: 21-poaud hammer from 
stand, 3}- foot lixnille, Ml feet 3) iirehes. He 
has mode also tire following record*. 21- 
]K>und hammer from stand. 4 foot handle, 
82 feet 3 inches. 9S-|*>iiml hammer from 
7-foot circle. 90 feet 2 inches; 36 pound 
weight from stand. 14 indies over all. 25 
feet Hi} iaebe*; 56 pound weight from 7- 
f«iot circle. 33 fed 111 incliew; 21 pound 12- 
ounce shirt put 117 feel 10} ioebes. lie is a 
hard, CMiHcreotioiM worker, ami rare of the 
ts-sl weight performer* iu lire world He 
Introduced the twohsud delivery with the 
86 pound weight 

A B. George, a breaker of W. 0. George, 
the great Engtbh distance-matter. was Imrn 
ut Caine. Wiltshire, Ktigfund, January 9. 
•68. stand* 3 feet 9 loclita In Ire i gin. and 
weighs in running costume |:18 pound* He 
ran hi* first race iu "HI, and in all has token 
intil hi 189 ronicsM, and ha* won 131 prints, 
119 of which are first*. Hi* first race of nuy 
importance wa» ui tlie Kildnre Alhletlc Cltin 
sprat*, 8c|rtenilMsr, ’Ki. when lie won the 
mile handicap from tire S5-yard mark In 
4.28} against a field of Dearly 100 runner*. 
From that time up to KeptcinU-r. '88 when he 
sailed for this country. Ire won shout every 
nwvi hr entered— a 1Ui *o long Ihst tlrere bt 
no *pac* here ID print it. Probably bis two 
most notable penonniiaceB aiirond. aow«v*r, 
wen- the winning from scratch nfn two mile 
handicap ut the 1'iuklitigttiu A. (’. gnnres, 
August 4, '88. wlren be heat 51 competitors 
in 9 minute* 53 second*, ami the 3 mile, 
scratch race at lire Spartan Harriers autumn 
meeting, ninre y*-ar, iu 14 minute* 54 *erond*. 
Hi* first race in this country was November 
13, ‘W. when be won (be 2-ntihi indoor 
championship nt Xlndiwm Htjuarc Garden. 
During 'h9 Ire flMMOleJ In about ait of the 
games that were given, and won prize* in 
almost every tine. Be|8einbrr I4lh of the 
HM year, nl Travera Island, on a heavy 
track, bv won tire mile championship of 
America in 4 M; September 21st he won the 
3-milc Mwplc chare cliampinnsliip, Scptcm- 
lier 28th, tire I and 2 mile Canadian Cham 
nionsbips; and October 5th. at the New 
York Athletic Club gnmea, lire I and 3 mile 
scratch race*, defeating Carter, Day. and 
ThortiM, 

October 19th of the same yenr he ognin <lc- 
fealed the same men In a 4-mlle scratch 
race. It wa* August la»t year before George 
got into good form, ami then Ire won well- 
liigh every event be entered. Hi* beet race, 
and probably lire fastest ho ever ran. was in 
an 880 yard scratch at the Staten Island A. C. 
games, wlren be finished 2 feet Whim] W 
C. Downs in 1.58}. September 27th be won 
the 1 mile Canadian CliampiiMisbip, 'tefeul- 
itig K W Parry and G. II Morris, of tlie 
Salford Harriers, mid T. P. Connell: (Icto 
her 5t li Ire defeated Wdl.Uw Intercollegiate 
cluinipion, in u mile scratch rare: aud at 
Waablngion. October 11th. won the mile 
championship of America iu 4 24}, ( 'onneff. 
who (iuidred second, was reverving himself 
for lire 5- mile run. and did not push George; 
bail be dotre m> it would have been n great 
struggle, aud whoever won would unduubt 
edly have beaten the American roeonl of 
-4.21 f mink- by W. U. George in hia tnnleh 
with L. E. Myers. During the p*«t winter 
season George ha* broken" a grant many ar- 
mory records, an es| socially noteworthy pex- 
formancc living a 1 mile rare at the Seventh 
Hrgiment gmnt's. which lie won iu 4.33}— ro- 
iimrknhle tlnre un I.MKttds Probably no man 
in tire country has competed in as many 
■punes nr ran as imuiv good iucv»o» this uth 
Ictic son of Groat Britain. 

Thomas I’.t 'onileff , pro|ierly train'd. could 
l>rotjuldy make reomta for one mile up to 
five that would not (mi touched for several 
years to come, lie is fur «ud uwny Hie unml 
graceful runiMV on tlie track, ami lilsstrUlo U 
easy ami strung. He wus horn in Ireland, 
1WI. I* 0 font 6 Indies in height, ami neighs 
149 pounds, in condition. He lu-gmi hi* ath- 
letic career in 'M5, having the pravhMts year 
seen for tire first time some niuning. and be 
come amhilious to do likewise. "His first 
nice* were a ijuartcr and a half mile huridi- 
rap. and he won both. imnitslintciv attracting 
nllcnlion by his rosy movement. He also won, 
the same year, a half-mile from Ure 13 yard 
murk in 3.19 nnd a mile from the <46 yanl 
mnrk iu 4 85; and later, a scratch mile In 
>*i Ire had Ids first meeting with tire best ath- 
letes of lrelnml.aiul idler being successful in 
running several gocsl race*, notably u half in 
3.03 from the 18 yard mark, he entered lire 
Irish ChumfiiouaidpH. ansi corupU'trly luton- 
i‘ln'l tlie country hy runnlDg the liatf in 
2.02} ami tire mile in 4 32. 

July 23, '87. he won lire 4 mile cham- 
pionship of Ireland in 29 minutes 50} sec- 
onds, ami in August of lire same year hi* 
ri'putatloii «nn-rw( to thU country liy hi* dc 
f eating K. 0. farter in n 3- mile scratck 
race ut Xlnnclrester. Rngland. easily in 9 44} 
Carter at tire time was long-diirtanoe chum- 
nion of Englaml and America. Imnwsiiatrly 
following this. Ctirter challenged « omreff to 
a 4-mile contest, nnd on August 39. WJ.nl 
Bolls llrhlge. Dublin, lire grainiest race on 
record was" ran, formeff wou hv 10 yards, 
on n grass track, in 19. 14f , which wm hut 41 
secniMk slower than the world's record of \V . 
G George, motlcon a cinder track Soon after 
lliis he became a member of lire Manhiutuu 


A thlcl ic ( tilth, and mme to tlilscountry Muy 
30. 'H8, Im‘ ran u mile from scratch in 4 24. 
and iu June of the aa me year he went abroad, 
representing bis club, ami definlod tlie U*t 
trfeu of Kugliuid in lire chittnpiotiahip mile. 
In tlm American Cbamplonddpg at Detroit 
the siuqu year Ire was defeated hv Gilrlis, the 
Canadian runner, for the mile In 4.27. but 
won the 3 mile ehnnipiuitidiip from farter. 
He also defeated Gildw shortlv afterward in 
a mile on u I rot track in 4". 32}. At tlte 
clutmpi'inKhi]** in '.89 at Travers Islund he 
won tire live miles, defeating Sidney 'I'bolnns, 
an Kuglisti champion lUrtaiwsi runner, and 
farter. He wus very 111 from December of 
that year until early summer of last your, hut 
got back into form hy August, mid ran some 
excellent rocen. Seplcmlier 37lh be defenl«l 
Willie Day at Montreal in the 3-mUe fana- 
diun ClutUipioDship. doing 9 34}. t kiiiliw 1st 
Ire won the milv at IVirolt ku 4 26}. The 
Iresl fonn, probably, shown in this country 
sllioo Ills tulle in 4.24 was at the cliatB" 
pjonship* last fall, wlren, running very ca#- 
ily, becttu.se saving himself for the five 
miles, lie finished second to George In tlie 
mile in 4.24}. It wu* a lost opportunity to 
establish an American record— an instance 
of Hfiort mode subwrvk'nt to the gathering of 
point* to BMienae club rivalry. 

Juntos KoblBBOO, l be toain's Iraitrer, and 
tire uthlctie manager of the Maiihatlan Ath 
Ictic l Tub. ha* it HlpItlXlon for bringing out 
athletes second to noire- 1 1 1* career a* train- 
er in ilibt country hns been filled with BlfCCCM, 
In 78 ho went to llnmnl, where he n-imtin- 
cd until '83. going to Princeton. HI* ex 
cellent work at both collegra iu bringing 
out athlete* aud teams is too well known 
to require recitol boro. I*v*t year die M A C', 
maile a IcmplirigofTcr. and Ire rrsigneil 1‘rincc- 
ton to look utter the Cherry Diamond. 

c. w. w 

DECORATION" DAY, 1891, 

Till* grew the ranks. A few «oru weary nren, 
With tlie white rt 1 ™? of age upon each brow, 
Chare iii sad iBcnmrr of tliuse f.-ir-nff Juts 
W hen they marched gayly wlrent they toiler 


A few are left. Uuw short has crown the list ! 

W'r raO it lemlvriy, with ImIkiI lirv;ul>. 

Lest from our ranks siiould fade tire noble baud 
To answer to the roll-call of the ruler. Death. 

Few, few are left. The rank* grow thin, and 

A|wrt as the dim uruuva of the paM. 

Silent and stow they crime, who uireu 

Their eouqueriug fonts on the formsn casL 
Only a few, with weak and faltering tread, 

A lul fur a little while, ttorir march drey keep 
Our lire rough way* of poverty ami age. 

To bivouac-ground* of rest, so green and deep. 

Thin grow the rank*. Ia silent ounp* they 
wait. 

Who short'! thaw hour* <if victory «r defrat; 
Ami nisrhle aratriea guard Uic sacrod spot 
Where war-worn batM lest iu slumber 
#w«wt. 

Ho few nre left! Wlwre are lho»e s-tlloiit note 
Wtoi leil die euuqiiering ha udi i»j tieiutv, 
Who out of darkirem brouglil the light of pouro. 
And Mt a raw of *■ (feting ireople lire T 

So few, hut all! live golden fruit'd years 
Have wsurtwl niooiory - hloMueov on tbdr 

Aii -I a cLtd nation irjiine with thankful heart 
To toll Iu low* no DocoradiMi Day 

KueausTU 1’iuiu MeTnicsj. 


RECENT THEOLOGICAL 
DISCUSSION IN NEW YORK. 

BY KKV. UEOHUE R C'lKMtKiS. D.D. 

Tna aensiltvcnma of lire Oiurche* of the 
Unil«t! Hlutvs to apparent devlatiuUM from 
ortlitoloxy has never bran better ilhnaratud 
than in the disriiNd'm aromnl by the inau- 
giintl sddrvvs of die Rev. Charles A. Briggs, 
PrvfMor of Biblical Then logy in the Union 
TIl'Milngtcul Scminnrv. He wax uudcraUMwl 
lousy liu.t Ire l>e lie veil Scripture, tlvo Church, 
jttui raasoti to be coordinaU: Manx* of 
doctrine. Thus, in relatlnn to reason, he 
mid: "There are those who would refuse 
rationaUat* a place in tire coin puny of tire 
faithful. I cannot do so. But they for- 
get tlu.t tire essential thing i* to find God; 
and if llresc nwu have found God without 
the mediation of the Church and the Bible, 
Church and Bible are inrun*, not cod*; they 
arc avemm to God. not God. ” This stote 
meiit seemed to many to show that I>r. 
Briggs believed (lie true knowledge of God 
to l« alttunulde imtepemlently of Ibe Bible 
or the Church, tlrthodox ClirUttariM hold 
prvciael v Ure contrary They uffirm Hud God 
re viral" I Himself in 1IU Wont, for the reason 
thiu n il bimt *ticli revelation men fail to know 
llim. Tire proposition of Dr. Briggs in rela 
tlon to tire place of reason in religion gave, 
iberefui®, great offence. 

Still greater alarm was created by an un- 
guiirdi'd declaratiuu in respeet to Ute value 
uf the introclr* reconled iu Scri|rture. as mu 
ilicnlirailoriH of the mumengrre of God In 
tire inaugural. Dr. Rrigg* said: " Bihlienl 
writers do not luy so mueb sties* mem tlreiu 
(niir:n-|i-s| »» modern apolngtato. The mira- 
cle* of the Bible an* miracles of redeui|iliofl." 
This was token to iirenri Unit thuve who pub 
lUliid divinu UM>Migi» did Dot rely much 


k upon it 


upon miracle* a* proofs that tire messngR 
was from God. But every well-read (,'brbe 
mm ranemlicra that Christ wid u> Ilia di« i 
pies, " Believe me for lire very works’ sake" 
(John. xiv. Ill; that He reproached certain 
cities of Galilee Iwcause, though He hiut done 
mighty work* in them, they bad not ls-lk-vid 
on Him; ami Unit 1'iuil tells the Curiuthiuiis 
that if Christ wa* not risen from the dead, 
they were cherishing a vain hope. Tlie 
IsMik of lire Act* show* plainly tliat Cirri*, 
liauity was Imilt by the apo»tle* upon the 
aAruaUon of the n-sumtcuon of their Mn* 
ter From Peter’* aernum on the day of 
Pentecost t<> Paul’s defence before Agri'p|u. 
the nfllrmutiuu of ruirarlc was made hy tlie 
first propagators of Christianity the ground 
of livlief. All this is mention'd' here ux mere 
matter of fml Dr. Briggs's *iurra>cnt. tJrere 
fore, that biblical writ (-is do not lay as mueb 
stress upon miracle* as modem apologist*. w»* 
sturtliiig to orthodox < 'imsusos. They wete 
puttied to know wbut Dr. Briggs tneaiu. 

Added to tlwac were expression* whirl, 
■night be taken la MM much or lil i| c M 
each reader con*uued them. Thu* ilia , 
f riHuxr *jicak* of tbe " laigtswr of a jtlitgrisim 
immediately after death,'' and again rruilnsg 
plea for rational Uu. saving:" I rejoice in 1 1 to 
ag«! of ralionaliun. with all its wonderful 
achievements in phUuoophv- I It 

a* preparing mm to ure their rei 

last great age of tbe workL It is impossible 
that the Bible ami tbe Cburcb aiioukl ever 
exert their full power until tire human rea- 
son. trained ami strain"! to the utmn*t. rise* 
to tire ilCJghu ofjtocrir-rglc*, ami reaches birth 
afti'r God ami Ills Chrat.'* Now, ruUniuil- 
tsin fe uniformly defin'd to he the denial of 
tin* supernal u n»l element in Scripture his- 
tory. and rationalists have been held to I*) 
mot) » lii> make Ibis denial. To many, there- 
fore.!! appeared evident that Professor Briggs 
bad surrender'd the supernatural as part and 
parcel of the Christian religion The alarm 
felt wax mrt wholly enuachwa. but there was 
iu tbe imiugvind address micii iui admirable 
statement of Uic "intents of biblical theology, 
us there nre understood hy orlhixhix C hrw- 
tians. that it wa* easy to see that what round- 
ed like heresy might be only hasty speech 

And in Oil* way the mailer is determined 
by Dr Briggs’s own colleague*, in tli'-lr plea 
for an alvatemenl of llw censure pruned by no 
many upon him They say. " We distinct- 
ly recognise and deprecate tbe dogmatic and 
Irritating character of certain of Dr. Briggs * 
utterances in his immgural and in others of 
his wrillnga." And also. "The present ex- 
citement is. as we believe, due largely to the 
tone of the inaugural add re** land] to certain 
unguarded exprcsakins.'' This very gi-ncr- 
OU8 judgment of the address is stipnort- 
cd hv Dr Briggs's ssimmnry of New Testa- 
ment doctrine already described. In that 
be tak** tbe poaitkHi of a devout lieliever 
in a sii|ierualiiral C'brisliaiiiiy. More*..Lr 
the estimate of Professor Briggs's nisi doc- 
trinal positMKi which hia colleagues have 
fumkhed us l» roll tinned Ivy tlie answer*, 
just publisiml. to certain <pw=vt)oiis propound- 
ed to him hv a commilti-c of tiw Huunl of 
Head nary In rectors, Homo of thrau should 
be iptirted lieni as matters nf record : 

'• Do you consider the Bible, the Church, 
and the reason as co-ordinate source* of rut 
tborily?" 

An». "No." 

" Do you Indie vc the Scripture* of the Old 
nnd New Tesiamrnt to be the only infallible 
rule of faith ami practice!” 

A/u, "Yea" 

'' Would you accept lire following ns a aat- 
Ufactory definition of inspiration . Inspira- 
tion is such a divine diruc.'imi as to rerun! 
nu infallible record of God's rcw hiuou* In 
respv^* to Isotli faith and doctrincT’ 

-In*. '■ Yes.” 

•' Do you believe the Bilik' im*rrant in ail 
matters n mrerning faith nnd practice, aiul in 
everything in which it B a revelation from 
God as a vehicle of ilivine truth, ami llinl 
there are no errors which disturb its infalli 
Wllty In Uieso matter*, or in its records of tbo 
historic events ansi institutions with which 
Itiev lire insepurahly cotmectcdT'' 

' ' Do you iielicve tivat the tiiiracha record- 
ed in Hcriplure are due to nti extraoreiinary 
excreine of diviue energy, either directly or 
indirectly through holy uteu?'' 

Ant. “Yu*.” 

These answer* are sufficient to satisfy the 
meat exacting Huperaaturalist. No one. how- 
ever. will preti nd that fin are in Itvrmonv 
with imtMirtanl pawsagt-n 'if Ibe inaugural ud- 
tlrvm. But as It Iiivh Is on alio* able iu all 
age* to appeal from the pope ill informed to 
the pope better inforim-l. so it may be as 
proper to appeal from I)r. Briggs speaking 
with haste sod some heal to Dr Briggs 
sjM'uking under the coovcioumc** ihul the 
situation rentilros n deliberate exprewdocrof 
his fnillt. No one can tlonlrt that the lust 
statement sets forth tbe teal con vie Horn of 
the prafmnr When lie restrains thu action 
of a very Combative temper, lie is in accord 
with bis brother orthodox t TirtMtuus. 

The lirv Dr. \V. H liaiiixford. tlie vigor- 
ous rector of Ht. George's Protestant K pisco 
pal t'hiirch. New York, ami the Rev Dr. 
Ilclier Newton, the redvir of All Honls' Pro!- 
'•slant Eplscojial rhurcli iu the rame city, 
signaliz'd tbetr Lenten rerricca this rear by 
inviting uon-KpiM Ujad clergymen tornWret* 
their rxirigregations. This ari, according to 
the Cbrnrii camms. U inailnii**ible. Tlcre 
Is precedent, however, fur it Iu the invita- 
tions given by the late Drau Stautoy to non- 



408 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17W. 



REV 1IRIIKK NKWTuN, aiX-Psow a rmnuMArn n Sa»o»t. 


Episcopal clergymen to speak to the people assembled in 
Wirsttninslcr Aubey. The muons assume that clergymen 
who huve not been epi*ro pally ordained are without the 
grace neceraary to a ralid ad mi aislralUm of the lUicnuiwnU, 
and are therefore not clergymen lu the proper kii«. It l* 
Kwnmnl tliat the requisite grace for tbc nyrlit administra- 
tion uf the sacraments dwells os a "sucred dc|Mjrfit” in the 
" historic episcopate, "ami is con »cy Ml t lienee by ordination. 

Dr. Kninsford.wbo is a mutt of catholic spirit, was charged 
with tlic violation of canon law. nnd replied that tbo minis- 
tem invited by hint to officiate in bis church were invited as 
laymen. The same answer was made by Dr. Heter New- 
Jsr The explanation bus, however, been rnsenud by at 
lenst two of tbo invited ministers; Ihclr undemanding was 
that they up | wared in the Protestant Episcopal churches OS 
clergy men, and wore. In the acts performed by them, illustra- 


ting Christian catholicity. To be so depreciated after the act 
ns they have been requires, we confess, some patience to 
bear. The cote stand*, as one might say. still in litigation. 
Dr. Ilelier Newton, who is perhaps the freest-spoken Prot- 
estant Episcopal minister in the United Slates, and who, if 
correctly reported by the press, makes little account of many 
long-established beliefs, has been charged by the English Fa- 
ther Ignatiu* with heresy. But us Ignatius is not under 
Episcopal jurisdiction here, and in, if wc may bo say. a spirit- 
ual free lance at home, his impeachment of the orthodoiy 
of the I lev. Dr. Newton could not possibly have lod to any- 
thing more thus trial by ncwsinpcr. 

The accusations hare since been taken up, or rather have 
prompted similar charges, which have hern formulated by 
Episcopal clergymen of tba diocese of New York. In a let* 
ter which appears at the date of this writing. May 22d. Dr. 


REV. W. H RA1NRFORD, D.D. 


Newton asks investigation, and Is ready to proceed wilh 
bis self-defence. " For myself personally,” be writes to 
Bishop Potter, •‘much ns I have always deprecated a resort 
to an erclesiastienl trial in order to determine live limits of 
thought lu our Church. I am frc« to confess that It would 
now be a relief to me to bare the opportunity thus afforded 
of vindicating myself from the misunderstandings and mis- 
representations which, following nte through so tunny years, 
have culminated in the unprecedented spectacle of the lost 
few week*, the responsibility for which is now deliberately 
assumed by a body of American gentlemen ami Christian 
ministers in our household of faith." 

The ecclesiastical situation in New York is decidedly in 
tereallng; and discussion, whether formal or informal, must 
result in dellnlug more precisely the doctrinal uud churchly 
positions of the clergymen moat concerned. 




RBV CIIAHLKS A. RRIUKS. DU -Fa.* a r M1 .ro..».iu 


FATllEK lUNATIl'R, TUB ASULU'AN MONK. 


MAY 30, 18111. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


409 



DECORATION DAY.-Dkaw* nr Orro Walter Beck. 


k 


Digitized by Google 



410 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV, NO. !TK 




rHEnporT wiuux haixet hamper. 


THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 
AM) ITS PRESIDENT. 

BY * HIPKARP HIUOK 
Between the two South I’nrkii of Chicago, 
nnd f rotting on the Midway Ptoisaoce— itself 
a park l>y whicli the other* are iiumwini —la 
a plot uf'laml 2<HXl firt lontr by M htt » Ida. 
On H a series of imposing ant] convenient 
tdiuctures ure to be ream] foe the use* of the 
University of Chicago— a new institution, 
whose sudden awl sulatunlinl development 
Is the Brat achievement of the American 
Baptist lineal ion Foclety. itself a recent or- 
ganisation, stimulated to aggrereivencss by 
tbc needs and resource* It found awaiting It". 
( Inc half nf thin superb site is tbe gift of >lr. 
Marshall Field; the nlber half was purchased. 
Few institution* of Irarninir hare entered 
upou llieir career better provided with facili 
tie* and endowment ibnn Ibi* one promlww 
to be. Its brief but somewhat remarkable 
history as a maturlug enterprise is as follows; 


The Baptist Education Society referred to. 
at it* annual meeting in May. l**hB. resolved 
upon immediate step* toward tiir founding 
of a well equipped college; and their design 
having been made known to Mr John 1». 
Rockefeller. n wealthy and gene-rous patrou 
of learning, and one who has taken exo-p- 
lionallv earnest Interest in the youth of bis 
denomination, so commended itself to his 
approval that he sulMCritwd toward the en- 
dowment fund for the contemplated college 
the sum of six hundred tl»«»ii*n.ii«l dollar*. the 
income <d which should lie for current ex- 
prunes, on condition that within a year re 
sp> iiisiide subscription* for four hundred 
tbo.i-.iuid dollur* additional aliouhl lie oh 
taliMvl The trustees of the society so ener- 
getically addressed themselve* to the task of 
niislng tills large sum tiiat they were in a 
position to claim Mr. Rockefeller * promised 
donation within the time stipulated Hut 
while they were at work, the project they 
hail in view so expanded in the light of 
higher puasihiliti** awl miuireniruts that It 
became evident a unlveiMiy which should 
lie such in fact would alone meet the de 
inami and satisfy the needs of die great 
Northwest, and especially of tin- denomina- 
tion for whom tits Hoard acted. A charter 
was accordingly obtained from Iho Legisla- 
ture of Illinois,' wldcti added to the right to 
estnhll*li and conduct academies. preparatory 
school*, and college. the right "to establish 
and maintala a university in which may la* 
taught all brandies of higher learning." nml 
which may comprise " «c|iaratn drpnilmcnU 
for literature, law. medicine, music, technol- 
ogy. the various lintnciiea of selelice. both 
abstract mid applied, the cultivation of Hie 
fine arts, ami all nlber branches of piofcs- 
alonnl ami trelinlcal .dnenlion which may Ire 
properly induiled within the purposes and 
objects of n university." The itumlcd 
scheme found such favor with Mr. Rirekcfel 
IrT that he signalized bis approval of it by 
adding to the donation already made lire 
munificent contribution nf one million dol- 
L.H, UIIM) bundled liiuusilid of which is to 


stand for endowment, the balance to tie used 
in die construction of buildings foradivinity 
school. 

Finns for iilillces were then obtained, and 
It it lirlicTcd dint work tinder tlu-m will hy 
that time have *o far progress**! that it lias 
lieett i tedded to Iwrin instruction in the col- 
leges. (irariunte Sclmnl. ami Divinity School 
on ni'.iilsT 1. IWW. The ThcoUigleal Bern- 
innry of the Hnpfists at Morgan Fork will 
then remove to its quartern ul the I’ltlver 
elty seat, and the building formerly used 
hy it will he occupied as the first organised 
academy. 

The work of the University will fall undeT 
three general division*, that of Ibe Uni- 
versity Proper, the University Extension 
Work, and the University Publication Work. 

The f Diversity I'rciper w ill embrace acade- 
mies. organised and affiliated, colleges, of 
which Ihiere will lie n College of I.ilreral Arts, 
a College of Science, a College of Literature, 
nnd a College of Practical Art*, lire rurricu- 
lum of die latter aiming to insure practical 
Instruction mlbe depurtmeiits of husines* nnd 
professional life, schools, of which there 
will lie organized at the outset the Graduate 
School .-toil the Divinity School, nml sulne 
quenilv schools of Law, Medicine. Engineer- 
ing. Pedagogy, Fine An*, nnd Music as 
rapidly a* increasing endowment will penult. 

The University Extension Work will in- 
clude regular course* nf Irrtiires. delivered 
at points in and about Chicago, evening 
course* In college and university studh-s 
for those whom- dnily occupation* will not 
permit them to ntleml Ibe regular clause*, 
comepondenco courses for RtmicaU in nil 
part* of the country; and special course* in 
the scientific study of the Bible 

The Publication Work will include the 
printing and publishing incident to the va- 
rious courses. 

It it believed dint then- ha* not hitherto 
bee# an attempt to provide education for tire 
maaK’s combined with higher ctlucation 
quite comparable to the one contemplated by 
this Institution: and It I* therefore reassur- 
ing that although the charter requires two- 
thirds of tbe governing hotly shall la-long to 
the Hspti-t denomination. It provide* with 
equal pontiveiies* that "no other religious 
test or [articular religious profession shall 
ever lie held as a requisite for election to the 
Hoard or foe admission to I lie I'uirerslty " 

At the flr*t Hireling of tbo Tni«tees after 
their Boartl lrecame inctirpornlrtl. Frofmnor 
William Raiuey Hardier. Ph.D.. of Yale, was 
unanimously elected President of the Univer- 
sity. lie has since signified bis acceptance. 


and the preliminaries of organization are ad- 
vancing under his guidance. I»r. Ilnrjw-r 
lias won an cnviahle reputation as a studeut 
and teacher of Benthic language* ami litera- 
ture. and in lute years ha* minu ted atten- 
tion as a frank ami eoMervaiive exponent nf 
the higher criticism, He was la.rn in New 
Concord. Muskingum County. Ohio. July 
98. 1HIW. lie was the eldest of five children 
of Samuel and Ellen E Harper, and is of 
S. ..lob Irish ancestry. He entered I l**i Mus- 
kingum College at tin: age of ten. ami took Ids 
11. A. at the age of fourteen, delivering a He- 
brew oration on CoOMMeacemenl day. The 
next three year* were spent at bU home io 
privnte study and in considerable atten- 
tion In music. At seventeen lie entered the 
Graduate Department of Yale, and after two 
years, devoted chiefly to the study uf Indo- 
European languages, Ire received lus degree 
of Ph.D. He then became Print ip*! uf Ma- 
sonic College In Macon. Tennessee. w|gn be 
remniurtl one year, He next accepted the prim 
r ijsihhip of the preparatory dcnattmeiit at 
Dennison U ni versity. Gran ville,C)»lo. In 1*79 
he was eleclctl Professor of Hebrew amt the 
cognate language* III ll»e Baptist Theological 
Stm innry, Morgan Park, Illinois. In Ikhi he 
cuureived ami instituted the Hebrew Corre- 
spondence School.* nd In IttG the Institute of 
Hebrew was nrgunixrd itmlrr his direction, 
mid incorporated under the laws of the State 
nf Illinois. It was composed of tin- lending 
Hebrew professors and teiiclieni of tire coun- 
try. During this year tliere appeared Ida 
Kirn if .vh nf Jlthrttr nml IhKrrr l%*,il>uhtrin. 
and later Ids llrlimr Millmtl am I M'liiunl and 
KUnunU uf //.Ajvir .SyiUiar. 7"A«- //• hrtm StH- 
tl* ii/, devoted In lltv interest* of Semitic study, 
was also Marled lit IbNl. amt continues a* 
Tt*(M Tfl-i'iii-nl Stmlfnl— a journal for the 
general public. /AAcmrei. a journal foraebol 
ara only, was started in fowl. It is the only 
journal of llie kind printed in Knglidi. and 
two Ilf tli* of Its circulation Uouthefontincnl. 
In 1K*0 Dr. Harper organized the Sum 
Bier School system ; in UW lie was elected 
Piiucipai of the Chutilauquu Cull.-ge uf Lib- 


eral Arts; in 1H86 he was called to Yule Uni- 
versity a* l'rofereor of Semitic Languages in 
the Graduate Faculty; ami in 1H'*U was. in 
addition, rtimni Wotdaay Professor r.f Itilili 
cal Uteralure. lie has ul*> been Instructor 
io Hebrew in the Yale Divinity School His 
cnnDertinn with Vain will cense in July next. 
He will spend part of the following year in 
England and on the Continent, ami will re- 
turn to licgin work in the new Unlvenity In 
Betitemlier, ItWJ. lie la a layman, having 
neither liecn lircotcd nor ordained to the 
ministry. 

While Iw longing to the progressive school 
of Biblical interpreters. Dr. Harper sympa- 
tbkre* in vitid respacto with the ircncridly ac- 
cepted views cotMs'ndng the Bible. Holding 
and trwi'hing what he believe* to lie the a*. 
cerlaltied results of higher crlucUm. lie main- 
tain* that the sacred Book not merely con 
tains hut is the Word of God. A* a cardinal 
piMtuhite of old Testament interpretation lie 
would have the history of Israel mv -opted u* 
iu n unique sense a illvinel) ordered history. 
AimI yet it ha* tlie trace* of fallibility incident 
to transmission thruugh fallible writer*. 

It was not until townrd tbe latler part of 
April tiiat the Bonnl of Directors of the Uni- 
versity deckled to take the lirst slrp* looking 
to the actual work of building. Bn ttldiltects 
were Invited to send in mmpetilivc sketchc* 
ami plans. These akeli-faea w ere to be limited 
to those Ihhiho* peistlivrly neresswry to the 
Is glunlngH of Ute school, to wit. a recitation 
building and two dormitories. It was thought 
dial with these three buUding! tin their foun- 
dations and finished, the institution would be 
prepared for llie reception of the student* 
who had already ntailc known their intention 
nf chirring at nrnxt, and of whatever other stu- 
dents that were prospective. Tbe date of lim- 
itation was May I ‘iib. Tb* invitations acre 
ilirerlrei to Chicago arrhltccts only, tbe rle- 
slre living to have a supervisor on lire ground. 
But three tirms responded. Tlrey were Meskr*. 
Pal t on A Fisher. Plarwh-ni A Zimmerman, 
ami Mr. Henry Ivi-s Cobb. Nine sketches 
ami plan* for the dormitories were offered, 
of varinldo quality in point of artistic design. 
For tlie reriiation building —the unc oil which 
It was believed the designers would expend 
especial pains— three dedgns were submit lc*l. 
or one by each uf the Brin* named. 

Tbe architect* were informed that for the 
reritAlina building the Board had hi band the 
sum of g I’.’-YtHRi. to which the cx|*. nduurr* 
sh-ntld I*' limitctl. for the dormitories the 
Ireanl was pn-|nred to accept |dnns eutalliug 
nu expendlttiro of |900,<MRi. or $1tNt.taSl on 
each building. 

Tire largest nnd most jdcUiresqtte of the 
sketdre* for the rrcilntinn Iniililing was that 
submitted hy Mr C«dib. He contemplate* a 
stoire structure four Htorkw in Irelght. It* 
ground plan is that of a Tau, the extension 
to nin directly laick from lire main or front 
portion, lire extreme length provided for 
in hi* design is 290 feet, nnd the width of the 
main portion of tbo struct lira (M feet M>«- 
sured from the froot to the rear of the ex- 
tension. lire Iwiihling should Is- I.VJ Pet wide. 
In the extension lx dewlgoed the chapel on 
the lower floor, with recitation room* alxive. 
Here also room I* mmlo for lecture- halls, 
offices, and other apnrtmmts m4 spi-riBixl. 
Tire remainder of the pile i« counted III rev- 
euty-tlvo reeitatiou- rooms The main en- 
trance is treated iu u deeply sunken wulp- 
lurcd archway at a very ullgtit rise from tbo 
ground litre. 


The lending feature of lire design for tbe 
recitntinn Innkilng submitted lijrNmn, IV 
ton A Fisher is lire triple- airh entrarxv. 
This Is Ronian«wi|ue, ami Indeed In It* entire 
treatment tbe design is a return to lire cIusmc 
feeling. This hniMinr .- like a iw four «I..ti.s 
in height. The Ural story is thought to be 
of stone, and tbr three superior stories are to 
lie finished In pressed brick nnd terracotta. 
There are thirty one recital inn -moms, with 
treating capacity for forty student*. A rsra 
has been taken for Ibe cluq* I, of course, and 
there are larger rooms left for lecturing, 
phihtlrthie. and other purimsew. Tliere will 
ai‘<i Ik* a library m tlii* building. The ili- 
metuunn* n»k<x| by Messrs, ihitlon A Fidier 
are 197J by 0*4 feet. Tire Interior should le 
nf oak. or peritnp* tif some other luml-wood 
flntfli. 

Ntwn. Plander* ft Zimmerman propose 
to cover less area than either of their com- 
petitor*. Their plans provide for a four staey 
structure lSVi feet long by 120 wide, the l*t- 
Icr dimension, inclusive of a setnieirciiUr 
extension frottt the mid rear that is design'd 
to Immisc lire rhnpel cif the institution. Tliere 
will Ire provision for library, lecture, aud 
other halls. In addition to the thirty-three rvet 
tntinn room* which will till Ibe spam on all 
of tbe stories. Nothing of a positive nature 
ran yet be said with reference to tire action 
of tire trustee* on llrese building*. All of 
them preaent favorable feature*, but whether 
any of litem will lie accepted without the 
suggestion of some cluinipw. parricularly of 
some changes in the interior, is n trifle prob- 
lematical. Tire Ihstnl is in no hurry to de- 
ckle, ami whatever will be done, will be done 
only after much drlihrnuinn and discuNUon 
For it is true that lire Iniihling* to lie erected 
now are to be erected with every attention to 
the f»ct lll*l they will remain on tlieir site* 
ns permanent patts of lire comtKKiite inslitu 
tkMi for m*ny year*, ami iimylie many era- 
turic* to come. 

Tlie site for the University la In every way 
comparable with nny other similar hit of 
earth in the land. It lie* at the Midway 
Flaiumoo. in the •outbern portion of tire cltr 
rd Chicago. It is bounded hy Kifly-arvnilh 
Street, Fifty ninth Street. Elba Avenue. *iul 
Islington Avenue, ami covers may Ire a little 
more than twenty seven acres— a really R- 
man suggest ion for a rumpus. Its surrouml 
ings. urn id lire |Huka, near the lake, environ 
ed with tree* ami Held* of given, are among 
the prettiest nml most desirable and rmet 
fasliionuhle In the city. The air b pure, tlie 
scenery a delight. 

From lire la-ginning* that will be mvlr 
with the creel ion of tbe rvcltalion and tlie 
dormitory Iniihiings, wliosr plans are now In 
tire liand* of the Board, will rise a very noble 
group of educational structures. Till* group 
will not Ire finished for some years, hut cer 
tninlv there will Ire Utile left to mid to it 
when the lavrs of to-day shall have grown 
into men. _ The group will Ire eunipoMil of 
n iniun University building, a dormitory 
building for 1 (nm> young men, a dormitory 
building for 200 young women, two scien 
title InlM.ratories, one chapel building, a gym 
niLiium. a complete nstmnomical olr-.rva- 
turv. two minor nx-itatioo Imikling*, and a 
building for lire College of Pnu-tii-al Art*. 
Thill, a little city will lift its classic head 
w nh the consciousness that it is certainly 
tire most important real of it* kind In West- 
ern America, ami with Ute promise that it* 
honors will grow anil its scope will lie 
widened With tire procession of tire year*. 




I-HOIMMUI PLAN OK LKCTUItB HALL. CHICAGO UMV BIRTH. 


Digitized by Google 


MW 30. >**1. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


411 



Mr comment* is imcb of May Mi on 
measurement for r his* incut ioc. have during 
lire past week received further ami unex- 
pected endorsement In the "Corinthian Mns- 

r 'lo l’b+t's ” adoption of nn amendment lo 
ir rules to tbe effect llml bo*U eitndllg 
twenty-live feet I. w. 1.. but not rarmjing 
twenty-fire fret ' ' corrected length. " shall be 
eligible far their twenty -fire-foot clawt; trad. 
mirutnln dittu, the Sraw notmk* Ysrbl Club 
bus adopted clawiflt.il ion by "corrected 
length" for lu twenty • fire - root claw. A 
correspondent bIhi call* lo my attention that 
I omitted lo number tlie New York Yacht 
Club among tl«o*e whore committee* report- 
ed favorably • year ago ou the proposal to 
claw If)' by " corrected length while an- 
other correspondent reniimU me of Mr. Bur- 
gess's tile* of January. 1890. for u general 
ml* of measurement and rlnwifirntion tn 
prevail among nil yucht clubs, contained III 
the Interesting aillcto from lii* pen widely 
republished at that time. 

The ccrrent nvmhkr of the FitM. con- 
tain*. I notice, a further note by Sir. Dixon 
Kemp lu relation to -the question of "giving 
way at mark*." and be recommends to our 
Scnwanhuku brethren a consideration of the 
rule covering Hiin entire suhjrrt in uae by 
the Corinthian Ynclit Club of New York 
and the English Yacht- Racing Aasocirtion, 
to which I called their attention some weeks 
ago 

Ricoahiuno tiir *v<MiR*TioS in this col- 
u in n of a National Yacht- Itaclng Association, 
it Is also a pleasure lo not* dial nt it* last 
meeting, a day or two shire. Uie New York 
Yacht- Racing Association. which subnerve* 
tl»o ile*ircd purpose for a large portion of 
our local "small boat " sailing chihs, admit- 
ted another club to membership, making 
eighteen organizations in all which it repra 
sent*, from fourteen of which delegate* were 
present at its meeting Tlie nnnual eraise 
of ibe sseux'intinu under the cfflcletil man- 
agement of Admiral Prime, provision for 
which was made nl tire mwiing, will be. un- 
lew all indications fall, largely successful. 
On the whole, it may be «ud that progress 
in tbn right direction is evident from all 
quarter*. 

Mr iMsrrnsKtK* is two past iwes of 
" A permanent board representing all yacht 
clubs," and of “ A general rule of mearore- 
raenl for classification, lo remain in opera- 
tion for a defined period from tie time of 
promulgation," have in themselves almost 
covered the arguments in fnvor of the third 
of the five point* which I proposed forget*, 
era! adoption in yachting, vir,, “C”— "The 
division i.f rncing boats into (comparatively), 
numeron* class** under Hticb measurement " 
It seems to follow that where the same rule 
of measurement is in cxisitnct for all yucht 
cliilw. owner* will build as nearly ns may ho 
at the beads of tlw various established class- 
es. Tlie extra cost of n few inches of length, 
or a few feet more sail area, is practically 
nothing in original construction. Time al- 
lowance. it is universally conceded, doea not. 
otiver thing* Mag equal, compensate for dis- 
parity of h w. I. 

At.L CLASSES ttKTNo THE same in all races, 
a stronger argument in favor of building up 
to the top of some general class exist* than 
would were tbc classes to vary in their limits 
in different chibs. To Mate the argument in 
another way. their would be fewer tempta- 
tions lo build lioat* of irregular sin-*. To-day 
one can build a boat of almnet any odd num- 
ber of feet and Inches I. W. L. and with nlmixtl 
nnv given numlier of feet of sail area, and hr 
will find himself somewhere near the head of 
mine etna* in m>me club, the reault being that ill 
nine race* out of ten in which he sail* be will 
ftri time from competitors, and in the tenth 
rare will mil with practically another claw 
of lioat*, anti, firing at the head of the claw, 
Hire time to all of them. Since tlie limits of 
tlewired accommodation, as well as of own- 
«?r*' purses, varv ad infinitum, tlie other half 
of the proposition, that thewe dawns shall lie 
numerous, so that all may build within their 
means and w ith as much accommodation as 
lliey can sffonl. and yet be at the head of a 
claw, must be complied with- II. for exam- 
ple. water line length wore lo lie adopted a* 
lire rule for classification, there should be a 
eli« at every three feet from 85 to Sri feet, 
while from M to 90 feet there might be a five- 
foot difference between classes. 

Ir Tint present mi' lb of measurement 
tiwtd for time al In wane* ("corrected length") 
were adopted as tlw nwasurenvent Tor i-huuifl- 
cation, a five-foot (“ corrected length “I differ- 
ence between clasnos all tbc way from 25 up 
•o fit) feet woubl lie. if anything, more than 
wn indent It would allow, for instance, of 

a IxaU with a 40-foot waterline being can- 
vised so ns to Kail at tlie bead of either live 
l‘A-45 or the 40-50 elan*, hv increasing or di 
iniaishing mil area. Similarly, it would ad- 
mit of u boat with a. gay. 43-foot water-line 
rating at the bead of tlie 45-50 clam: In other 
words, it would .allow of experiment to an 
nlldiwt limitless extent, within reason, us to 
tlie mil am necraanry for each given boat to 
obtain best result*, and also tend lo deter- 


mine which designer could construct tlie 
fatter «mWW (of ii given I. w. I k by demon- 
st rating bis ability tn win while utilizing 
less motive power "than was found necessary 
by his competitors. 

T he Yale ram keoatta on Lake Whit- 
ney last week gave me an opportunity to have 
mint her look at tbc men wlio will sit in tlie 
Yale boat at New London in June. They 
certainly will lie a la-cfy errw. No amount 
of work will shrink Nor 4. 5, and G down to 
nn average weight of 180 pounds, which mrans 
that the waist of the Ynlr boat will be strong. 
Nor are these three men out of keeping with 
the rest. Brewster, at (t, lias by bi« long ex- 
perience made himself one of the most flu- 
Mi*d oaraaea tlint over sot tn a college eight- 
oar on Ibis side the water. Ill* temporary 
lllnoas early in the season afforded these who 
desired to run down tlw Yale crew an op- 
portunity of saving Ihnt he wouldn't, get into 
form— talk which could deceive only titost 
who hail not seen the Yale crew in years. 
Brewster will do much to keep Heffeiflnger, 
at 5, in form through the four mile*. 

Hefeelpi.noer himsei.f improves stead- 
ily, t bough he is still ungainly and sways 
like n great tree trunk. It was nothing short 
of astounding, however, to see the way hi* 
onr bored Htmiigh the water in the finish of 
the ‘vs rally Freshman racu. Tlie re was a 
vicious devil in it that gave me on idea of 
why lloli Cook has for over two years been 
wanting ** lleff " to learn to row, 

Paine. at 4, la tlie weakest one of the irlo. 
for be lias neither Brewster’* skill nor IlefTel- 
fingrr's strength : but the regular ding-dong 
dnv after day la having Its effect, and I no- 
ticed lie got lii* i <ir in and out far better Ilian 
two weeks ago, hi* body work hail improved, 
and he had more command over his slide. 

Haof.rman, at 7. Mill has something queer 
about the way lie grin hold, or rntlier does 
net get hold of the water on the catch. 1 
wnrii you. Mr. Cook, that just at the second 
when you wnul eight oar* to grip the wa- 
ter oh though they locked into it. and then 
lift, there's going to be one oar Hint will 1 ic- 
on I v pressing it. In other respects 7 is iruod, 
and it is not that he isn't wilting to put bis 
power on. it's that he enter* the water feeling 
of It loo long before lie grips It. Ely. at 3, 
is not so late as he wa*. lie get* in with 
the rest ami pulls hard. Ilis time, strange 
to say. is better tlie farther be is sent up into 
tlie how. In this rrepcct lie daren't differ 
greatly from Simms, who. while not Uior 
oiighly satisfactory at stroke, » a fine ma- 
chine at 2. 

Gon-u.wno aitrakep cahkucm and lazy 
before lie was pul at stroke, is now showing 
up well. I remember tlie man whose smart 
wife helped him raise seventy acre* of wheat. 
When asked how. lie replied that she Mood 
in the door, ami shook a Worn at him when- 
ever he slopped to rest. Gould still neeils 
some smnrt help Tlie doubtful place in 
the hixxt is lxiw. Crosby and Mill*. Mill* 
trad Crosby, it bun been for u long time. 
Perhaps by the lime tills Is in type It will be 
decided, but tlie problem 1* a hnrd me. 
Mills is stronger than Crosby, but there is a 
faint suspicion that he would lose heart 
easier than his rival if be couldn't see Hie 
Harvard crew over tlie stern. Thin it is that 
gives Omshy the advantage, and, likely 
enough, the place. 

PoMF.TIil.NO I* RADICALLY WltuKU with the 
Harvard crew. As I watched the men hint 
week, I was greatly puzzled to account for 
tlie slow wav in which they forced their shell 
aiong.conrtdcring the number of strokes they 
were rowing to the minute, and the evident 
muscular effort which each ami every one 
was making. Whether it is due to the way 
they are rigged, or lo a luck of unison in the 
application of power, it ts lmpoalShle to 
decide from merely watching them. That 
there is something, however, which ought to 
la; corrected immediately is certain; hut to 
determine what the difficulty is, nno should 
get into the shell, Captain Perkins would 
act wisely if he got some old 'varsity oar. 
who lias experienced the feeling of bow a 
shell should move to go fast, to take a place 
in the boat, and afterward describe hi* sen- 
nation*. If Mr, Ktorrow. 'Si. or Keyes, 'S7. 
could lie Induced to spend nn hour or two 
with the crew some afternoon. I am con- 
vinced Hint good would come of it. 

Ire Tiir. absence of three two men, either 
of whom is oerfecHy competent to get into a 
ahcll and almost immediately judge of the 
correctness or Hie rig and tile lack of uni- 
formity of detail, then- is nn belter man 
about Ronton than Mr. Watson. Mr Wat- 
son without doubt know* how a nun thnuM 
he rigged ; but it cannot l« expected that a 
mini of bis years would got into u Ixmt. ami 
tlut I consider is the only way In form A 
correct opinion A well known professional 
remarked to me after he hail seen the crew, 
■■ If those boy* were rig g ed right, they could 
easily go twenty seconds to the mite faster," 
I am inclined to think be was correct in his 
statement. 

Coach Adam* ts nonen all in his power, 
and be is bringing out a good crew, but be 
Inu nut struck tlie key t>uie of good rowing. 
He is getting the crew into splendid shape in 
regard to minor details, and all Hint is need 


ed now is for some master-hand In show him 
the way to arrange these details in Hie proper 
order. Theoretically, I have no doubt that 
tire crew is rigged to perfection, but practi- 
cally, If I um out lunch mistaken, they are 
far from being right. At all events, there is 
not a man In the boat who impresaea one as 
tiring comfortable. To row well a man must 
feel *1 borne in hi* place, and 1 question if 
any man In tlie Harvaid ln*»t could truthful 
ly tell you that he feel* ns Hmugh he could 
put all his strength into each siroke. liar 
▼and has the foundation for a fast c row, liut 
» mighty effort must be mule in the five 
week* which remain if anything is to be 
built on that foundation. 

8o far as the mrn Individually are con- 
cerned. there Iioa been some improvement 
Bluet! I lost saw tlietn. Perkin* i* doing well 
at stroke In fact, I consider him the IxM 
Hlroku Harvard bus had since Penrose. If 
the otlw-r men in the bout would only back 
him up better, he would find it much easier 
to run the stroke up. Kelton Is working 
fairly well wiUi him. but bo should watch 
him even more closely . and not allow tbc man 
behind to hurry him down on the last part of 
the recover. With Vail it nerm* to lie a 
question whether he will ever become more 
than nn ordinary oar. His time is poor, and 
he labors over his work. Unit a little abend, 
then a little liebiod on the catch, lie doe* hi.* 
full share of keeping the Ixint on an uneven 
keel, ('iiinmings mu*t be raUier hxiw. 
jointed At least there is a general tendency 
to give with the buck and shoulders when 
they should bo held firm. Ho is improving, 
however, ami is so conscientious in hi* work 
that 1 have emit hope* of accing him pull a 
good oar before tbo Reason is (InMitd. 

Leyxam. Ranyocl, ahd Powers arc 
more nearly together than wlren I saw them 
Inst, but Nowell'vtlmeis wretchesl. Indeed, 
Uio time Uirougltout the boat is poor. Tlie 
watermanship i* disgraceful for Ibis season 
of the year, awl the shell D seldom, if ever, 
on its tool for any length of time, Taking 
everything into nMUwenUlon, the crew is 
not wliat it should lie, after tbo amount of 
time it ha* spent upon Hie water. Never- 
Ulricas it has many good points, and there is 
no tolling wliat n week will bring forth. If 
it one« strikes the projier gait, I shall expert 
to see a crew at Now London which will 
bring back some of Harvanl's lost aquatic 
honor*. 

W. A. BRnoga, Jen , has hern invited to 
referee the Cornell (,'oluiabla I'nivoraity of 
Pennsylvania boat-race that l* to be rowed 
nt New Ixuidon, June 24th. and it is with the 
greatest pleasure I make tlie choice public 
and tender ray eongraluUlUins lo the inter- 
allied crew*. Mr. Brooks bn* served In tlie 
same capacity at sevetnl of tbc big foot ball 
matrlira, and gained an mvinble reputaliun 
for accurate and prompt judgment. 

The Coacbiho-Clcb M let of last Batur- 
dav was not so gratifying to those qf us who 
delight in four* as the one nf last year. We 
nre an inconsistent race, to be sure. When 
we go abroad we are the moot enthusiastic 
supporters of coaching— on the oUier side; 
when at homo we are apathetic indeed With 
the material nt hand in such generous abun- 
dance, there is no excuse for Ivlhargv In this 
the best of sports. The order of coaches was : 
Colonel Jay.— Good rohby bay Irnfler*. and 
well matched pair dark brown wheelers, off 
wbreler showing quality and action — a 
very workman like team, with fair style and 
action. Prrecott Lawrence.— Pour rather 
heavy boraot; roan and brown lesders. chert- 
nut nnd bay wheelers; goral m<iverv. with 
out much quality; off wheeler showed hard 
work on the stones Not whit one would 
call a park team, hut good for a heavy road. 
W. K. Vanderbilt.— This team— gray and 
roan lender* and gray and hay wbeclera— 
was rather a disappointment, nut showing 
the action or breeding expected The gray 
loader had nice action, and moved wi-ll. 
They would make an excellent team for 
pubflc coach. F. K. Sturgis. —Four roan*; 
same lenders as la*t year, with probably new 
wheeler*, the latter not quite ro good as lie 
usually turn* nut. A well matched team, 
that looked wetl together, and with a litUo 
more breeding and quality, would ho very 
good, It W. Birrs. —Four brown*, gixxl- 
looking pair of leaders, with high action, 
and showing wheeler* also gorxl. except Unit 
near side one goes rather straight from tlie 
dhoulder. Will bt a very acceptable u-am a 
year from now, hut are evidently green, and 
iiot yet in good condition. 

C. IIavrukyeu showed nlmut the best 
park team in the Meet, In four dark bay*. 
tlMMigh they should have a little more action 
to lie perfect; show IxmiI when going at a 
good rate of speed; are well matchnl and 
well bred. \V . Si-ward Weblx — Gray and 
black leader*, dun and ebertnut wliedor* — a 
verv diMppointing pair nf lenders in mol ion. 
and not very good ou their feet. Wheelers 
nre gmxl and have fine action, esjx-cially the 
dun -colored one Francis T. I ndertiill — 
Roan atwl bay leader*, and brown and bay 
wheeler*. Rather a scratch team, evidently 
rmi accustomed to go together. Were iirob- 
nWy jolibcd from a livery - stable. J. K. 
Rooaevelt. — A very well muU-lied pair of 
hay leaders, with g'Hxl high action, especially 
the one on off siilc. Con CmvOi apparently go 
well. The wbeclera. buy. arc nut quite so 


good; off-side one rather dr Aden t In action, 
and too heavy stamp of linrae for cut of 
team. 

Tajik* at tooicyiikr. the team*, with 
one or two exceptions, Wen! hardly so good 
a* last year, there Mng nothing equal to 
Mr, Belmont's show of ml lie lust spring. 
The change nf hour of Meet was nil Undoubt- 
ed aucvvss Nothing could have been pret- 
th-r titan the sight in the Fork ns the dings in 
the bright morning sunshine wound alxuil tint 
tortu-'iiis tixAdway. Distances, iu» a rule. Were 
well kept, hut tbc tnxDO-uvre '' at Stctsoii's 
came v«-r>' near lielng a failure, owing to the 
rnnd not having b«-n kept dear by the po- 
lice. At usual, tbe display of driving who 
somewhat uneven; it is too bud all Hie mem- 
bers of the dub do not Ixar in mind that 
their teams shouid be kept continually well 
in band, and shown nt their beet, and not 
permitted to slouch along at will. It was 
decidedly astonishing to note tlie use of "lazy 
backs" on tire grooms' scat* on two of tbc 
drug*. Their use should be prohibited; no- 
thing so detracts from the smart appearance 
of cnacb and men ns to we tbe latter with 
these comfortable but unsightly sumnrta. 
The Meet, iis a whole, however, was distinct- 
ly endJutMe t<> the dub: aud iwnei, drags, 
hamms, were turned oat wcllnigli fanlih-s«- 
Ir. It would lie difficult for even Hie Lon- 
don Meets to lieal tw In Ibis respect. With 
the addition of n few really Park team*, and 
n little more quality in tome of the others, 
wc rImhiM run Uie London club* very close 
indeed. And, yes, another word lo some of 
our coaching nicu — don't rely so completely 
on your grooms; get some’ knowledge of 
your own. 

The YaijuPihkcktcin Imae-hnll game nt 
New Haven Inst Mitnidny. the Oral in the 
championship *ori<*, give* assuranci- that tlie 
dose contests of last lu-nson nn- to Is* repeal- 
ed thk Calhoun lias certainly done great 
work in bringing out tn strong n tram: for 
the teiun It h strong uae, aud will lie growing 
morn so every day from now on to the end. 
l’rincelon ought to bare won tbe game on 
Saturday, for Vale wr« somewhat at a disad- 
vantage. A* stated in this column last week, 
neither McClung, Calhoun, nor Owsley are 
yet In form, a* the two flrrt gave evidence 
Saturday, though McClung made a couple of 
brilliant’ play*, and Owsley made no error*. 
Ileall, who was playing short in place of 
Murphy, nmde four error*, all disastrous, 
but at "the same time he made out! run, two 
' ' put outs.” and two " n.<si»la." He was ev- 
idently nervous, und will make a lull. player 
when be steadies down. Bowers pitched a 
good strong game, n little rattled ul first, but 
like a veteran after the third Inning. Yon 
must watch tlie base* a little closer, however, 
nod have some consideration fur first, twice 
you could have given McClung valuable as 
Sblancc. l'oole showed his right lu the dis- 
tinction of tiring tlie best hock slop In inter 
collegiate hast hall. 

Winra Mcrtot t* hack at short, and Cal- 
houn nnd McClung gel into form, till* Ynle 
nine is going to l« a stiff one: notwith- 
standing tlie error* on Saturday, they 
made mure base hit* and iisinta than did 
the Prlnorton men. They were more rageed 
in play, missed a couple of chanrrs for a 
double play, and yet lire score was 4 to 1 in 
their favor. Now whnt are they going U> 
do when they get into form? Princeton 
played like veterans, fielding beautifully, 
until lliey went lo piece* in lire eighth inning, 
after King's outrageous throw over Danas 
head. 1 don't think this will occur again. 
King plays a fine game at third, and he w-us 
a bit too i-ix ky on Saturday— he made a bad 
throw to first earlier in the game. He is 
probably wiser now. after Saturday's defi-at. 
Ilrokaw 1* not doing himself justice— three 
passed hulls and a wretched throw to M-ruud 
— lie is responsllde for one of three runs; 
and Durril nlwi, in Hint fatal rigliUi inning, 
mint hare bod butter all over Ilia finger* in 
fielding Bower** hit Young pilclu-d a 
great game, striking out eight nnd doing 
much lo steady tbe men. though hUlttrif n 
bit nervous, Knickerbocker also played a 

C d game, and Wright made a couple of 
ntlful running catehea. Tlie ne*i game. 
June flth. at Princeton, will lie a great one, 
with both teams Improved lo work. 

That ooon hksse with which I have 
credited Hnrvanl, nnd crlticlted the OM 
Man of the Sea fur not |x-rmiuing its usage, 
is beginning lo be«jr Itself, and II would nut 
surprise me if shortly I hod occasion to con- 
gratulate the crimson, and publish the dull!* 
of a Yale- Harvard Princeton Berks. 

The ASTOMSRlNIi I'RRFORMAJfCR of J. P. 
Iax!. Harvard, over the low hurdles lust 
week removes all speculation as to tlie win 
ni!r of that event next baturdsy. i/e ran 
the ilkstance paced by Prating In 24 j seconds, 
breaking his own record of 29} seconds, 
which, when made last year, waa ronsiden-d 
unapproachable for nt least a collide of years 
It i.a not likely that William*, of Yale, strong 
os he I*, will be able to touch this time J.< .-*• 
may ilecide tri go into the 220 Hat, in which 
event he would he a daugeruus rival to t^xry. 

Tn* Paskaic Haiwino Akrihiatiom re- 
catta on Decoration Day practically tijs-ua 
the racing season of 21. and luring* up for 
renew evi dlscuwioo H<o eligibility of n Senior 
coxswain to *U«r a Junior craw. The load 


412 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., XO. ITU, 



committee fans decided dial any coxswain 
may steer a Junior crew, provided Ire cun 
form* lo lire dcmniuU of the required weight 
limitation Tills question *u pretty freely 
discussed last year at the Newark event, 
•nil lias never been settled liv the National 
A mu i<- ini inn of Amateur oarsmen. Henry 
Whiling Garfield give* ns bis personal opin- 
ion thin •• n coxswain is a member of a crew, 
anil tluit under whatever definition of n Jun- 
ior a rare is rowed, the qualifications nereis 
wiry for one person in a craw alimihl lie «m- 
j< lined on nil; consequently, In a Junior crew 
n Senior coxswain con have no place." 

AMATBrH boat HAi'tos are rowed to test 
tire superiority of one crew over another, 
and a coxswain is not taken oo until it is 
found that wilhmit some mre at the tiller the 
host time cannot he maiir. and serious aerj. 
dent* are likely to occur. The coxswain be- 
comes then essential, and his work does us 
much, indeed more, toward wiiiniugtlian any 
other one man in the boat To argue other- 
wise would lie equal to awerting that the en- 
gineer* and tiremrn of a steam ship are more 
necessary to the venae l’a safe progress than 
tire pilot. If. then, tho coxswain is so im- 
portant a factor in the make-up of a crew, 
why should he not be subject to the same 
rule* ns the crew of which lie is a member? 
Crews are classed substantially according to 
Ihdr pro wets. Why should not lire cox- 
awnin Im; classed likewise? Surely then: arc 
grade* in the pilots. (Jon. I Iread-work and 
clever steering enn do much toward landing 
a crew a winner, ami it might Ire argued dial 
an inexperienced Junior can Ire bad sloe ring 
or fouling make it possible for an Inferior 
crew u» win. Very true. Hut Home was 
not built in a dny.'and all Senior oarsmen 
were obliged to work their way up from the 
ranks. Why sltoulil not the same be neces- 
sary of tire coxswain, sincr upon his experi- 
ence and judgment so much depends lu a race? 

Timur, agates to be a marked decadence 
In auualics at ami around the national cap- 
ital this season Whether it U an off year 
or a permanent decline in lioaling remains to 
le- seen. The various clubs of Washington. 
itaUimore. Itichmoiul. Fredericksburg, and 
Alexandria have us yet given no signs of ac- 
tivity. anil if their crews are enthusiastically 
practising, die public at Urge baa received no 
Intimation of tire fart It U wcllnlgh in- 
credible. by-theway. that Washington, a city 
of a quarter of a million inhabitants, situated 
on one of the most picturesque rivers lu tire 
world, has not n single steam yacht. Yet 
such Is the fact, though there is more wealth, 
in proportion to the population, than in nny 
city iu America. Thorough bred boron* and 
yachts give war to elaborate residences In 
this beautiful city. 

It r» a tact, well known to dose observ- 
er* of trap shouting, that a crack shot in tire 
bahil of using n hnmmcrlrta, shoots badly 
when he changes it for a hummer gun, and 
re/r reran. No matter how expert lie may 
be, mi alternation of fire-arms is bound to af- 
fect his skill. Every devotee of lire trap bos 



w i'™ w*. r »»r * R*” ss 


I . i!SL"£512 yOl-SjniOCD TANAC'RA, 

J ' THE UltRAT I-Aix IIEUEVKH." cam 


DR Lyons i-miniT tootii povrnttu ^ 

" klleotlk* lettli »iiJ parities Ike luaik. Be.— |<ldk.| 


Booncr or Inter had that experience, ami been 
utterly unable lo account for it. especially 
when guns would he of the satire calibre, 
fame make, mid shooting cartridges of iden- 
tical loading. Many theories have been ad 
vanced from time to time to solve the prob- 
lem, but it pas remained for a noied gun- 
maker of Washington, ami a crack shot, to 
MMM, after a long scrim of cx- 
ptrinienls. The explanation Is simple. Tire 
less distance the hammer bos to travel to 
strike the fulminniing cap on the shell, the 
quicker, of course, tire explosion ensues. 
Now, then, lire liammcr of a hmumcfloo gun 


is rimer to the rap by half than that of the 
old tub gun, and consequently, in lire latter 
case, has twice the distance to travel, and lire 
gun is not find so quickly a» u bnmmcrlcM. It 
la tror there is no appreciable difference, hut 
there is u difference nevertheless of a minute 
fraction of a second, and when a shot inuat 
travel forty or sixty yards lo strike an object, 
that fraction of lime, small »» It is, counts a 
number of inches on tire target, as every 
sportsman who makes lire experiment will 
learn. Such is the simple solution of a inuch- 
vexing question. 

Caspar W. Whitney. 


OX TENTER IIOOKS. 

Kxsvnr* prepV it. alwt.ra on lea Ur bonk) A 
sJItbl Boise muise the <1nim. of Ihelr ran like lire 
clMh of <;nibiilr. the must trivial, as*xt«r!.U 
ajaaj itrires I brat lo Ik* rerge of distraction. Hu 
lariceralsd anil built up with Hostetler's Slcm.rl 
Hitlers, 11 ‘ 


■b'l'l* >. mslt/is. kt-tnry Inxitiles, biliiramns, 
Ira are cared by tba Blllrti.— [**».) 


llPWI.lt WISH, THE BEST KMU * FOOD 

EOR INVALIDS AND CHILDREN, 
b an article of unrivalled delicacy and sapt 
riur nutritive worth. The food of all otbm 
to be driK-mlrd on for nursing mothers in 
fanu and children, for invalids and cnera- 
htfcvnls ; and as an article of diet fur the 
ngetl. for sufferers from impaired digcslmn. 
and for Umwc iu health. Through iu uk 
thmunnds of livra have been saved ; tliou- 
rnnds of healthy children lics|icuk its value 
It is ionised alike by |diysicinus. tire publir, 
and the press Sold hv iVrugglHia. Shipping 
depot : John Carle & Sosa. New York.— 
l-ddr] _ 

MRS- W tST.IX.tV S SOOTHING HTnt'P 


■cult r«ne I r»pr mm. t rxhnu.twl errvr re 
* 7 ' l, ’ n oI Infections of eucaluu 
Dourua. “1 know vttj adl ka tiled, but ha died cund.* 


HARPER S PERIODICALS 

nramr. puttap/n* 

HA amts MAOAZIXR Rw 

HARPER'S WEEKhV. 4 ,„ 

HARPERS HAXAK. * 

BARTER'S TOUXO PEOPLE ‘.‘....StE 

Itookaell.ra ami PowiuMm oruilly r*. 

dlrret to U- lolilobera tbmld te ovum. 

PMIM by PlM ..Ac* floor j Onlrv or Draft 

HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK 


Digitized by Google 




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THE WARRIOR MONKS OP THE SAHARA.— Dim. w* bt T. dk Tm-unucr.-lSnc P*o« «7.| 

Digitized by Google 



418 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO- 17** 


HARPER’S YOUNG PEOPLE, 

An Illustrated Weekly for Boys and Girls. 

A r»e* serial stoer commence* in the enrrent Him her, June 2nd, 
It m entitled 

FLYING HILL FARM. 

By SOPHIE 8WETT. 

•rant or “ n*n*tw iswat,* m 
II hi tinted by Ann Baxhkii Hrmntss. 

This fresh, breorr More nf reentry life sucraed* Howtn Ptlk’s 
romantic Mi«T, " M«w nf Inns,'' one of the moot important cudtri, 
butlnn* of recent »cst» to lilersUire foe rnang reader*. 

■' Klring llilt Karin" sill run for ! « i-ntr-two nmn'ier*. nnd 
during it* crnrit m-verel short aerial* will apprar. ira-luoiby “Tin' 
Muon Prince,” hjr K. K. M rsKirrstcm, ami “ Dn'k nf Diamond R<xk," 
by J. Macmsai.n UlLlt. 

1 hirin' tire spring and aum rare mnotli* n»r.i-rjTs Yocsa Pionx 
yi it* special altentiull to nut -door nporln and reermtiona, 

Harper's Yorxu Pkoplx, 00 per Year. 

A specimen copy of flanm's Yocno Psoras will be newt on 
application. 


Harpers Weekly, 

No. 1798, 

WITH COVER, AND SrTTTJtMKXT CONTAINING 

an numuni) aktki.s ns *• the pamkm 

AND rARKWATS OP CHICAGO.” 


terms i i« ii:jn a tnrv.-fiuo a tear, in tnnsn. 

Snk*fri/JifM uutf hn/rn irt/A any .ViowAcr 


NEW PARTIES. 

ORACE GREELEY said that parties ought to lw 
reorganized every dozen years, nml now for n 
long time them lias been a demand for a new party. 
Tiie Democratic party before the war wns practi- 
cally a slavery party. It was led by Southern 
politicians, and their object was the extension of 
slavery. The Whig party, nearly forty years ago, 
offered no serious resistance to tins policy. and dur- 
ing the administration of PiXECS, from 1853 to 1857, 
the Republican party was organized from Free Soil 
Democrats and Whigs expressly to oppose the Terri- 
torial aggressions of slavery through the Democratic 
]wirty. The first Republican national campaign was 
that of 1856. the campaign of " Free soil, free speech, 
free men, Fremont.” Its unity, resolution, and en- 
thusiasm were unprecedented. It was the organized 
conscience mid intelligence of the Northern States 
answering a moral appeal, and tlir new party cast 
1 .341.364 votes against the Democratic vote of i.838,- 
lfiU, and the vanishing Whig vole, called Constitu- 
tional and Conservati ve.of 874.534. At its second trial, 
in IWiO, the new party elected Abraham Lincoln, 
and the Southern Democratic leaders began the war. 
Many Northern Democrats, a* one of them said, 
•'huddled under the Lincoln shed." and faithfully 
maintained tlie government, But thecliicf and dan- 
gerous "copper In-ads" were Democrats, and every 
form of organization, objection, and opposition to the 
rigorous prosecution of the war was made by Demo- 
crats, whose National Convention in 1864 declared tire 
war a failure. 

The unconditional and triumphant conduct of the 
war. the emancipation of the staves, and the mainten- 
ance of the financial honor of the country after the 
tremendous conllict an- the great wervice* of the Re- 
publican party. Its original purpose was achieved, 
and in the settlement of the questions that followed 
it had the immense advantage of its own prestige and 
of the natural and profound popuhn- distrust of the 
Democratic party. This gave it a longer ascendency 
than parties usually maintain, nml tempted it to reck- 
lessness and corruption, which led to its defeat in 1884. 
It regained its ascendency in li^R; but wide-spread 
Republican discontent and continuing distrust of the 
I >e time ratio party, with the settlement of old ques- 
tions and the appearance of new ones, have producer! 
the situation in which there is hntli nn nnlieipntion 
of new party organizations and attempts to secure 
them. This is the impulse of the movement which 
has lately culminated at Cincinnati in the formation 
of the People’s Party. But its platform .shows that it 
is chiefly a)i expression of discontent, not a marshal 
ling of intelligent forces for a definite purpose. Con- 
spicuous citizens, statesmen, familiar political leaders, 
and profound constitutional lawyers united in the for- 
mation of the H nhlican party. But the late Cin- 
cinnati Convention contained no prominent citizen, 
nobody who can lie called a leader or a representative 
of anything hut dissatisfaction, and a vague hop* of 
something better than the existing situation. It pro 
posed nothing which was apparently "thought out,” 
or which any member could explain in detail, or 
which at once commends itself to the average good 
sense of the country. The movement U evidently 
immature. 


The proceedings were a protest against existing 
partir* Despite the talking and the shouting, they 
were what Carlyle used to call an inarticulate mur- 
mur of dissatisfaction. The farmers arc supposed to 
be the real support of the new party. But the party 
assumes to deal with the moat complex and intricate 
of financial problems, and the farmers as a class are 
least familiar with such questions. Yet a discontent 
which goes so far will go farther. If the new party 
should organize throughout the country, its candidates 
would undoubtedly receive votes enough in some 
States to perplex all calculations of the old parties, 
and perhaps throw the election into the House of 
Representative*. Meanwhile the discontent is not 
allayed by the Republican declaration that high taxes 
on raw materials are the guarantee of high wages, 
while pauper labor is admitted free, nor by the Demo- 
cratic assertion that “freedom, equality, justice to all 
and special favors to none, are still, as they ever were 
nud ever must lie, the objects of Democratic conten- 
tion.” Within the memory of men not yet old. 
slavery, inequality, and injustice were the objects of 
Democratic contention. The argument of tradition 
is with the Republicans. It is iu tradition winch is 
the Democratic Old Man of the Bea; and this is the 
sanation which prepares the way for new party 
agitations. 

THE MICHIGAN IDEA. 

The present Michigan idea is the election of Presi 
dential electors by districts, nml not by the united 
vole of the Plate. Mr. Bhyck says that the last elec- 
tion of this kind was in Maryland in 1828. But 
Judge Story says, in hU Commentaries on the Con- 
stitution, published in 1833. “the choice by districts 
has been gradually abandoned, and is now persevered 
in by but two Stairs." As early as 171W a bill was 
| >a***d by the New York Assembly providing for 
district election*, but it w«* defeated in the Senate, 
Judge Story s|ieaks of the three different methods in 
which the State* have interpreted the constitutional 
provision that “each State shall appoint [electoral 
in such manner as the I,cgi*lature may direct." The 
methods are choice by the Legislature, by the people 
on a general ticket, nnd by the people in districts, 
He says that the constitutionality of none of these 
methods has been questioned except choice by the 
la-gishiture, which, however, has been so established 
as not to admit of controversy. South Carolina 
maintained this method until the war. 

Tlie proposition to elect by districts was made in 
New York hva Republican under the Federal admin- 
istration of John Jay. It is mode in Michigan by a 
Democratic Legislature, with a Democratic pur]***® to 
divide the electoral vote next year of a State gen- 
erally Republican. The late Republican Attorney- 
General of the State. Mr. M0M» T AGO ART, raises the 
question of constitutionality lie nrgurs that if the 
Constitution requires the State to appoint all the elec- 
tors, its prerogative cannot bo curtailed by the Legis- 
lature, nor transferred, even ob to the election of one 
elector, to any part of the State. It has been held, he 
says, by the Supreme Court of Michigan, that the 
legislature cannot direct itself of a power given to it 
by the Plate Constitution, or delegate its exercise to a 
municipal body nf the Slate, and upon the same prin- 
ciple it cannot renounce or limit u power conferred 
upon the State by the Federal Constitution. But 
choice by the legislature, which Mr.TAOOART holds to 
lie unquestionably constitutional, is the only method, 
according to Judge Story, which has been questioned 
upon constitutional grounds. Tlie comment of Judge 
Story that the constitutionality of suclf a course has 
been "firmly established in practice," and does not 
admit of controversy, would seem to apply still more 
strongly to a practice which, when it existed, was 
not questioned, nnd which was abandoned for reasons 
of convenience, and not of constitutional objection. 
But Mr. Taggart says that the practice was excep- 
tional or infrequent, and that, it is believed, the elec- 
tors selected by districts were in most case*, as in 
Massachusetts, reported to the Legislature for iu ap- 
pointment, which would lie State action. 

This argument would be stronger if the farts, 
which arc historical, were stated as such, and not as a 
belief, and if the course had been taken in every case, 
nnd not in most cases. It may be assumed, imleed. 
that if the electoral vote in a single State were cast 
by districts nnd counted without objection from the 
opposition, the constitutionality of the course was 
admitted by those who were most interested nnd 
reaily to question it. The question must now lie re- 
garded as purely academic or theoretical. Judge 
STORY said in IK33 that it had been raised bv able and 
ingenious minds, but that it was nettled. In 1835 
Mr. Webster said that lie thought the questinu of the 
power of removal by the President had been origi- 
nally settled wrong, but nevertheless that construc- 
tion, precedent, and practice had settled it. This is 
pmhnhly the cose with the choice of electors by dis- 
tricts. It has not been found convenient. Imt it* con- 
stitutionality is settled by acquiescence, like choice 
by the legislature. One admirable practical reason 
for the change is that such a method of choice gives 
fuller expression to the real sentiment of tlie people. 


It has. in kind, the same good reason as that of district 
election of State delegates to a party convention, In 
both cases the actual will of the voter* is more ac- 
curately ascertained. 

HERESY AND HERETICS. 

TnE deliberation of the Presbyterian General As- 
sembly upon the confirmation of Dr. BRIGGS a* Pro- 
fessor of Biblical Theology is virtually a trial of his 
orthodox)'. The veto of the Assembly would be his 
condemnation as n Presbyterian, and lead possibly to 
a severance of the seminary from the Presbyterian 
body, if not to a rupture in the Church. The action 
of the standing committees of the Episcopal diocese* 
in the country upon the confirmation of tlie action of 
the Diocese of Massachusetts in the election of Phil 
UP* Brooks as Bishop is also a trial of Mr. Brooks as a 
sound Episcopalian. The system of election of Bish- 
op in the Episcopal Church isu series of confirmations. 
Tlie Diocesan Convention, by a majority of the clergy 
nnd the laity, srlrel* the candidate. He mutt be then 
approved by a majority of the other diocese* in the 
country, and finally by a majority of the Bishop* 
This is an effective barrier against the admission of 
any person without very careful consideration. Tltere 
have been, we believe, but two refusals to approve a 
candidate selected by a diocese. Bishop Seymour 
was not approved by the majority of the House of 
Deputies ns Bishop of Illinois because of his “ High- 
Church ’’ views. But three years later he was elected 
Bishop of the new dint-roe of Springfield in tiiat State. 
He declined, but upou his re-election felt constrained 
to accept. Dr. I>K Kovo for similar reasons was not 
confirmed as Bishop of Wisconsin. 

The High-Church party was naturally aggrieved 
by this action. But Dr. Dix. of New York, who is 
classed in that division of his Church, lias voted for 
the confirmation of Mr. Brooks, not. we presume, 
from agreement with certain views which Mr. Brooks 
is supposed to hold, but from unwillingness to take a 
course which he nnd his friends condemned in the 
cases of Dr. Seymour and of Dr. De Kovkn. Tlie 
Diocese of Georgia, we believe, has recently elected a 
Bishop of High-Church sympathies. With the in- 
stance* of Dr, HUGOS and lTflLLir* BROOKS must In* 
mentioned that of Heher Newton, who has long 
been a source of complaint for some of his fellow- 
clergymen, who have now solicited Bishop Potter 
to bring him to trial— a request in which Mr NEWTON 
himself has joined. Them- ure incidents which dis- 
turb the theological world, and so far as they concern 
the discipline of religious denomination*, they mainly 
interest the memhera of such denominations. But, 
togetlier with the comment upon the action of Mr 
RaINnkord in inviting clergymen of other denomi- 
nations into his pulpit during Lent, they show unu- 
sual excitement of ecclesiastical feeling, and they 
have all a general significance a* signs of the limes. 

Mr. Rainseord in an address or interview, in speak- 
ing of the spirit and the form, used Goethe'* illus 
t rat ion of an oak planted in a flower-pot. If it be a 
living and growing tree, it will certainly burnt any 
bond less powerful than itself. One of Dr. Brums'* 
friend* said that he believed with JoHN RoWNsoN 
that there was yet more truth to break forth from 
God's Word, Ever)- Church certainly may prescribe 
its own creed and observances. But when it* moot 
pioua and scholarly members challenge certain inter- 
pretation* of belief and forms, the challenge is not 
susceptible of summary settlement. From the na- 
ture of the human mind there is constant progress in 
the interpretation of spiritual truth, and one of the 
most interesting distinctions of this century is the 
great change in the spirit of biblical criticism. In 
dealing with the subjects of that criticism hard nnd 
fast deflnitionsare difficult. The literal and material- 
istic Christianity of the eighteenth century has given 
place to the more spiritual faith of the nineteenth. 
All the particular caws that we have mentioned of 
non Episcopalian preacher* in Episcopal pulpits, of 
Dr. Rrkios. and of PtilLLirH Brooks anil IlERKR 
Newton— belong to the differences that spring front 
the spirit of the age. If the sectarian divisions of the 
Christian Church are to lie known by their fruits, it 
may lie said that the Presbyterian and Episcopal com 
mn n ions are upon trial quite as much as the indi- 
vidual* who are arraigned. If Dr. Briogh be not a 
sound Presbyterian, nor Messrs. Brooks, Rainsforu, 
and Newton sound Episcopalians, would not their prac 
tical exclusion from those bodies exclude much more 
than the men themselves f History is an interesting 
study. It was not so much Latimer and Ridley as 
Romanism in England that was burned at the stake 
where they were consumed. 

THE GAYETY OF POLITICS. 

Governor Him. It a politician who •• mike* things inter 
ratine. " While lie is aa Industrious public officer, and does 
not slight his official duties, he is engaged constantly in poli- 
tic*. and keeps Ills opponents on tbe idert to see wlmt be is do 
in*. HI* control of ill* party In the Stale ■* more nlwolntc tbna 
that of any Democratic frailer since Van Ut hen. liui lie « 
very reticent. Kohotly could say whether be wished to be 
elected Senator until he was the unanimous choice of the 
party Nobody knew whether be would resign or rtulii 



423 


jctfE o, ieni. 


HARPER’S weekly. 



< 


’HERE had been • gay parade of minbow-hurd militia. 
d. pin mill, nvmpLincd. pipe clayed. brass epau- 

1 n-iU'il. crow U'IumI, through tlio cily nil day; but ni live 
o'clock iii Ibe October eveniog tlie F*»l Mull conch for New 
York mill held its own as llm mirliily centre of attraction 
nbmit the post office »t Franklin Place mid Chestnut Street 
Jacob, ton guard. stowed tbo last piece of mnil matter la 
-« forward boot, pulled hia vermilion coat up till Its collar 
dy -touched tbe rim of bis vermilion hat. and rnp|icd him 
irily over Id* b rerut pockets to nee if hia bank package* 
right, William Winner, tho driver, likewise pulled 
wia vermilion coat to bi* vermilion but. nnd spoke to Ida 
our sorrels. Sam and Trouble. George and Hiram, naming 
■ucli distinctly and with a grave courtesy. Tbe crowd cbocr- 


and followed die " Robert Bums '' Fast Mnil coach as it 
rod around into Third Street to take up ita passengers for 


night run to New York. 

>lioueb tbe year was IttlO.nnd the militia had been « le- 
‘".wtlmdr * " 


the I ^ 

A »^-downf,.l of tniarles X. (In that curious way which 
t>rniitlp. ll|l4 lull of celebrating all uprisings of the down-trod- 
Greek, or Irish before the at eiun vessel made 
|«-n rrv, sonallv acquainted with tbe down trodden of oilier 


tlioin pe*v. f._ifcfnoat figure in the litllu kn<it of passengers 


1 \ iDiwwas iifiuic ni mu iwm »«Jt of p. . „ c 

hinds}. iih ( 1 jn f ri>llt 0 [ tho— also vermilion— painted liule enzv nodding gentlemen, 
hwb !”‘*l<iokcd os if it had slipped out of the court of 


the fashion of the time; and the time waa that of jVMitm. 
nf Count iTOraay. nnd of “Young" Disraeli'* mnnmilliner- 
ing glories, lie lind found quieter models iu bis European 
travel, however, limn them dandies; nnd Ilia waistroat. though 
of colored velvet, was of quiet pattern, as was bis satin scarf. 
The collar of hia tight walsted coat vied willi tbnt of his shirt 
in aspiration toward the neighborhood of his anilmwiiil curia 
an<l almost conical braver hat. HU tight trousers were care- 
fully strapped to bis well shod feet, and he carried a tunny- 
capp'd great-coat on his ami 

There were two seals lu Ibe vehicle, each acenmmodailng 
three person*, and In quartering the parly there nun room 
for all Ibe tact and strategy of which Van Name was capable, 
lie had come to Philadelphia for no other real purpose titan 
tbe delight of sitting by Ceciliu Connwnv's side lliroogbuut 
tbe starry silence* of tbi* Octobar niglii.nod lie had no in- 
tention of passing it by the side of her father. It would cer- 
tainly be etiquette for Cecilia to occupy one corner and her 
father to sit by her side. This, however, would deprive the 
old gentleman of tbo comfort of n comer for hinmolf. On 
Uic oilier IisdiI, it would not do fur Van Nnme to separate 
father and daughter, nor would It lie chivalrous to have live 
young woman silling bolt-upright all night between two 
j.»i • Van Name's i 


stssge-ofHc© A rtraigbt.'slifl. stern-faced obi gen- 

Martlia ” his hair powdered and tn queue. His full- 


with i 


t Ionian. He ** cketed coat was of black satin, as was hia 
wkiried. d®*EP^ long flaps reached half way to his knees, 
w is i*l coat, whose t material and color, and bl* silk 

1 1 in small* were oi tuMm j f0Dn of bis personality to 
■lock nga .C0a«H>H«n wr HU wrlalbaad , .m, cravat wrrt . „ f 


l ,i.i>. m* wrisuianils anu cravai were oi 

l.u dlrer-b^’kicd atHWjK^ his grandeur was protected by a 
floe la0C Eor tf» thnY D Iwk so as to only half conceal 
i..., ^ nMuelaurt, now tur>i .a , 


Ado f.W.roJ W P--W 


vour'oftch is late. Mr. Flee side, "ho 
enormody tall, high featured Scoteh- 
«i‘l. Joeularly. ,j,U. "Which coach Is It— the 

man Who Sloojl > p_ ij.u. us an unreliable dug— unre- 

;j5rtA l Tww« — * •»» 


1,1 .1. ■ 


tv .«»« £*" 


***W ' I,. of olst UUP*-* |».u. . r 

Jnn»» Rvwide. r | administration of* Excellency 

I*ro*d.k-iil .lacksoo. woo i New York an twenty- 

"f transit !*«■» III? * 




He 


•• Yos 




C - ■ “f my drive,, orguard* 


«l»*ri rig to ~y h reply, when H 

TI«oUl gentleman. . lowing unde: 


- - * 'jfegi a C " SO-; v*. yovr.fi make 
caitch- late, and that nuxw.s dune 


lH-f‘» 


, ...rang laughingly Into Hie *ch. and 

'I .1 .. Ills alU -n ii (win 


her companion, who , Uow , w * „f baggage b„. r .-«r 

tilts fifty P° u,,d !X w»ii<d f'* r ber father to dimi.io tbe 
of the «««•(.* v ” Name, the Nrw^orkaho was 
voh lark. ' “""in, the old PMlwldphtan and Hajighlrr 
abott « to lu-mnipany a | llllfc , „f m exquisite. ac-Img to 
tlmlr jottnicy. w« 


vanU Farmers', and oilier Uvrroa of the time, with a rapid- 
ity which made the narrow street n place of danger for an 
equipage which li.nl a contract time of ten mile* an hour to 
make. Tho Ducks and Montgomery comity women had 
been In town to sec the militia parade, and were returning 
? f ? r I n , 8 1“ »«mditlon— uianyof them— which showed 
tl«t tbo Held of Pennsylvania was ripe for the lulior of T S 
Arthur, who was soon to hr Lug the gospel of milk uud waUt 


to his licnigbtrd townsmen Some of them dice red the mail 
rnadi nnd some cursed It a* it whizzed pnst, lull none— 
Ihntiks to Winner's skill— even grazed it. ami in a few inn 
merits the coach waa out of the Northern Id her lie* by way 
of Brown Street to Front, and was rolling between tbe liuh- 
houses— from almoat every one of which came live Jar and 
rattle of a hand loom— of tbo English (by name and nature) 
district of Kensington. 

“ You see." said chirpy Mr Conaway, ns they paused row 
aftrr row of bouses, from each of whidi a weaver thrust 
Ills Itcad to watch— tbe one diversion of his day— the p**Mgn 
of the mail— "you aec— or rather bear— that wo ure mak- 
ing our own carpets. Did you notice before you got into 
it that von were to journey in an American-lnude couch? 
Now tell me. Van Name, do you think the English make ns 
good conches ns this t" 

Tbe young New-Yorker, lu duly bound, impeded tbe in- 
terior of the vehicle, and, us far ns the craning of Ids neck 
would permit, its outside. It was not so heavy as the mouti- 
lainona English maildiuchcs, and there whs no place for out- 
side passenger*. Inslnwl of their scats wns a place with a 


ingenuity conquered 
proffer of bU place on the back neat to a bilious- 


i-top cover for small articles surrounded by a light 
railing. The cobir of the vehicle, like tbo livery of the guard 


looking old lady who he knew wns In mortal dread i 
lug with her lack to the horses. Thus lie was fare to face 
with the young lady of tbo arch glancca and feathered 
bonnet. 

The coarii lud started by the time Ita six occupants were 
fairly seated. Mr. Conaway bowed courteously to Mr. Rrc- 
sidr, to which salute tbe gaunt Scotchman waved oue of his 
greul liamls. They were off— not with a bound, for tbe 
American coocb boree* of the palmy days never waited lime 
and energy tu caracoles and curvets, but at a swift trotting 
pace which carried them tip to tbe corner of Third and 
Arch before they bad lime to realize tbeir departure. 

"Thnl* the place," said Mr Conaway to Van Name, 
pointing to a huge staple sunk in the curbstone on the cor- 
ner where stood a church, " where those bigots of Ibe Sec- 
ond Presbyterian Church tried to stop the mail last Sunday 
with n chain. They didn’t atop Revalde. Excellent fellow 
Preside, know* Ills plnce; never presumes on me because of 
my little Jocosities-eh. Cecilia?'' 

A* Mr, Ror*ide wns the pereonal friend of both Clav and 
Jackson, and had put bis hand In bis own pocket, contrary 
tn tbo customs of modern moil contractors, to lift live strug- 
gling young Post office Department on lu feet, he might not 
have considered hhnself nil object of Mr. Connwny * conde- 
scension. Rut the old gentleman was a relic of the Federal- 
ist nutocrncy, and condescended to nearly every one. 

They were by this time outside of live city limits, which 
then were at Vino Street, and Coachman Winner was steer- 
ing his four with marvellous dexterity among the wagon* of 
the houve-gning farmers, which eanwi pouring out of all tbe 
inn yard# of the Block Horse. Eagle. Bald Eagle. Pennsyl- 
vania. Fanner* unit 1,1 lb*, - hiit-.n. . il.. t .... .. I 


and coachman, won of bright vermilion, made a more da* 
zliog red by tlie contrast of the silver plated huh baoda. dour 
handles, tutd Ibe metal work of Ibe drivers seat and lumps. 
Tbe upholstery inside wns of red morocco, and on Ibe paDcl 
of tbe door bloomed a big Scotch thistle under tlie name 
" Roliert Burn*." In smaller letters Charles Venzle, of Troy, 
announced himself as tbe maker of tbe coach. James Rt«- 
■idc's proprietorship wns made known only by the presence 
of a modest silver It on the bridles. 


“ The vehicle is certainly neater and lighter Ilian tbe Eng- 
sb coaches." sold Van Name, after ho had flntdixd bb iu- 


other style, I suppose " 

'Gad.'” chuckled the old gentleman, “it's carriage enough 

1- ln,.l/ ,1.1. | I I . 


for mn, Before Kecsldo took this route, I used alwaysto 
travel in my own carriage, but. gad. sir! I can't afford the 
horses that he bos. There are six change* on this road— 


they can't keep the pace, off they go tu a slow route Great 
fellow that Preside. He'll keep ahead of tbi* railroad notion.’' 


Van Nnme ventured to demur. "I suw tbe, exp, riw Bt 
with HtephenBon’s engine on the Manchester and Liverpool 
coaclir* two years ago,” he said. "It seemed successful, 
Tlvcr think abroad Unit it will do away with horse power." 

"Very likely, very likely.ln England, " said Mr. t'onawav. 
oracularly. ’• Short distances, easy g rad e s. Why I myself 
pmpn*c to take stock In this German town and Norristown 


tbe failure of the proposnl 
roiui to Columbia— an engineering impossibility, air. nn cngl- 
nocrlng Impossibility. So ilecbrcd on Hie biglmst autborily. 


nation of a road that couldn't 

There would term to be little difficulty in building a 


railroad here," said Van Name. 

Tbo coach was gilding over the smooth plain between 
Kensington ami Frsnkford, and in a few imxm-nU was rfnl- 
Uring throuch tbe main street of the pretty vlllnee which 

had then and has UMlay more of tb« village air Ibuu any of 


L 


■^ate^-Coogle 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO- 1708. 


dolphin's many suburbs. Tbc nun was 
ning la hasten his downward step* a* 
nail dualled on lo Hulincnbiirg. uiul the 
era uu«l Irock.farittvK, wlio came lo lire 
« of iliuir cottages. Mmiked generally Hid 
. if ootiii-iiUiwBl after an early auiipur 
Uliam Winour and his rorroU Ml lire 
Ii at twilight iuhI Huliiret-lnirg, and Jer 
Carpenter tooled it with four kittenish 
vs fur Bristol. part Ambduda, the scene 
.be MiunClm|<Jiiun tragedy, and now. with 
neighbor, Houesdide. llMJ ‘-•arty summer 
I autumn homo of lire biltionairwi wluwe 
■item are spent in ibeir lawn and mhl- 
nrau-r in Ibeir sen shore 1 reuse*. A thins- 
1.1 wlwc* of tire sixteen lioof* mode C'c- 
tu chons her can us (bey rattled through 
o old covered bridge over Neehutnuiy 
iMlknd tin' hughe nog out for the tn- 
injilniiit entry Into sleepy Bristol. It was 
ft v* sunect. and the lamp* Wert) lighted, 
ut lliry could Mill -*■ enough of tlui quiet 
canty "of tins portion of the Delaware to 
njov it. 

• - 1 never too tile green hank of Burling- 
ton over there," said Cecilia, " with the river 
I -tween it and the little wharf here, hut 1 
think of heaven." 

"Gad!" said her father, waking suddenly 
front a doze, "Is that why you wunt to 
take a house litre, Gis? Want to muk« an 
easy translation for your old dud when be 
has lo go, pretty boon, ch? Very consid- 
erate. Hpoo inv life -very considerate.” 

•• It is like heaven. though, after the noise 
mid dust and ugliuett of town, "mid (Veil in, 
as the cnaeh slopped tu change homes, hark' 
ir>g out over the fibre water, and listening to 
the blow stroke of a church Iiell railing some 
little Jersey llock to mid week prayer. 

"They have no militia-pormliug here, in 
tuiy event." mid Van Name. " ICs heavenly 
In that raped— nb. Mr Conaway?" 

Km i Uc Clutpron gave the Vencible* a 
lovely baritier. with a portrait of Lafayette 
painted on it." Cecilia interjected. 

Mr. C.irmwny snorted. " Yus. Indued, yea, 
in.lctsl.Van Name Upon my word, I have 
no path-ore Willi those |ieoplr. Gi-ucrul 
Cadwnllader tiling and drumming through 
the streets all day in honor of the Uowufal! 
of the French ni'oiurchy — a monarchy, be- 
gad' to which this country owes its existence. 
A very jolly fellow was thu Ki tig, too — a very 
Jolly fellow. 1 met him. when he was the 
Count d'Artocs. ut hi* poor brother's court 
wlieu 1 was there— lltwven forgive mo!— 
with Mr. Jefferson, forty odd ycun ago. 
And Uiry'vo pul young Epilitc in Ills place 
— young ftgafil*. of that traitorous breed of 
Or Iran*, who’vo been scheming for the throne 
Un- hundred yeiim— ever since the Regency." 

Tlie other three pnatt-ngers ksikcil sur- 
prised at this outburst of ultra royalism, and 
Ccvilis sigmilidl to Van Name not to cncttur- 
ag>- it; but it was loo late. 

The young man had said, "You don’t 
re-ciu to be over fond of your old chief, Mr. 
Conaway." 

And the old gentleman broke out again: 
" Fond of him? Fond of Jefferson? Sir, 
be sent the country lo tire devil. |m you 
know why 1 liave never i bang'd tire fashion 
of my ciotldtig Mine the Generals time? 
No? I lo. -A i jsc the fashions after that lime 
were set by a pick uf murderer* — Mr. Jef 
fcn-on’* friends, sir, of the Dircetnirr. A 
nrt-lly set of truly inerrriUeur Uiey were! 
But lie unveil my skill. I've no doubt. He 

f ot Iisivl- of nlmencc when be saw trouble 
tewing In >9 If I had staid, I'd leave 
said or done *onreihing to tiring me lo the 
guillotine, lie always got out of the way 
m lien there was trouble. I don't know that 
Hw MwaiMtr would have iinule any trou 
bk' for him, though. They'd liave liked him 
They asked for Gouveroeur Morris'* rccnlt 
btfcauao lie waa too much of a gcnUoman." 

"Pray, Sir. Van Name," saitl Cecilia, 
breaking in U|>on the tirade, "can you tell 
ins what lime we are due in Tronlotl? I 
must oonfcMi tli at 1 am monstrous hungry " 
Ity Ute aki of a »■ ntn-w hat ponderous pock- 
i t .trrungvnreulof llittl, steel, and lump-wick. 
Van Name prtsluowl a light, and found a 
hirgi! ml printed placard w hich hung (mined 
at the Side of the coach, aud read: 


INSTRUCTIONS 


to nut 


GUARDS AND DRIVERS 
or tiik Fast Mail ih nnino iiktwekx 
I’ mi-uiKi.fiiiv and Nkw Yoiik. 


Tima allawed for tlntiui; each mate as rulkura . 



Keilirn UK sr-ir. New Ym 
»»«* llmo slleWftl 
AUowswe hr nB|i|wr 


“We should be due there at a quarter to 
rime. Miss Conaway." (be New Yorker an 
gwered. And silence fell upon the coach. 

Mr, Conawuy wrapped himself in his c-ont. 
t tcilia pulled up her tippet, and nothing 
broke the Slillui-Hs but the regular smiting of 
the four grays' hoof* upon the hard turnpike, 
Hie jingle of ibeir hits, the nimble of lire 
w Iwels. and the occ-vuolul crackle of a dry 
branch which lutl fallen in the road a* the 
touch swept over it The lamp light shone 
■ ■ut into the trees on each side of the rood, 
ii nd showed where the early frost hurl already 
touched aud tinged the niapka into a thou- 


sand lints of red, which seemod like a relkt- 
lion of the hue of the swift running coach 
ami its warlet guard and driver. Then tbu 
hoof btwU gave a dower, hollow s.mnd and 
the Fast Mail U-gnn its Journey over the king 
wooden Morriavllla bridge across the Dela- 
ware. and prt'Miully was on Jersey soil aud 
iu Trenton town. 

Lights slioue brightly from IImi float of 
Mrs Wilde'" tavern ill the Jersey capital, 
The cramped poaaengcra bundled out of the 
vehicle and Were Weicomed by the bustling 
hostess, who bud spread fur Hmiiii a supper 
each item uf which would have furnished 
one of llso hasty meals which arc snatched 
at a modem railway station. There were- 
fried diickcu, wartk*, budk wheat enkea, and 
Jersey sausage, coffee, and Mr. Couawuy coo- 
cl ii. lid his re-|sist with it lata of apple loruudy 
of the true Jersey-lightning variety, "every 
drop of which wn.* warranted lu burn a bole 
through a silver dollar. " Then, tit* old blued 
warmed with the food and drink, lie stump- 
'd out to watch the liarueesiug of the new 

"And you art! going abroad. Mis* Con- 
away?” sighed Van Name when they were 
alone. 

" Yea; but, mercy me, don’t say it as if it 
was 'you are guing to — o — u d— i — e, Mias 
Conawn— a— y,'" 

“ You arc light hearted." said the young 
man. “ If I were going. I would be too.” 

" Well, well," said Mis* Conaway, briskly, 
"I Bup(M*c the jsickc; captain cau give you 

•' You piny the Tantalus, Mis* Conaway," 
•aid Van Name, dejectedly. “Mv Itoliday 
ended lust year. My father would scarcely 
spare iiKi to nuke hum little trip.” 

" What &ui the imrpose of your little trip?" 
said Cecilia, archly, pausing with her nupklu 
iu her baud. 

•' Ah, Mias Conaway — " Van Name began, 

eagerly. 

"Come, come, young people," mid the 
old gentleman, putting lib bead iu the door, 
"the conch is wailing." 

If Ceciliu ha<l bared a renewal of the con 
renuition which mImi hud handled so coquct- 
tUhly, the uew leant relieved lirr of euibur 
nusment. They had Iwco dancing and fret- 
ting at their bits, un-.l the inoinenl Lire pas- 
sengers were placed, aud Caleb Blake, llicir 
driver, hud swung himrelf into his sent, they 
were off with a whirl Umnigli Treutoo stre-HB 
The like had never liecn ms-q then- since 
Wuaiilnglon sent the Hessians dancing before 
him on a Dtomber morning fifty-four years 
before. The lights of the inn were swat- 
lowvd up lu an Instant, awl the bouncing of 
the roaih on its high springs through the 
datk tuiuie Guard Jacob Sliipuian eiiog to 
his seat with one band, ami thump liis breast 
pocket* vigorously with the other lo limke 
doubly sure that bre bank packages were nut 
jounced out. At the outskirts of the town 
the dash of u rabbit across the toad increased 
tbc animals' speed, and the rate at whidt 
tlrey raced for l’riuoclou ihtuugh the coun- 
try was like steeple chasing. 

"They are running away! They are run- 
nlng away!” gu»|ied Cecilia 

"They ate only feeling their out*, tuy 
dear." Mid her father, reassuringly. 

- 1 hope that is all.” said the young lady; 
bat abe freed ber arms from her dusk, and 
put one band through one of tbc dangling 
straps which buil la-eii rapping sharply 
against lire steel ribs of the coach cover a* 
tin: vrJiichi bounded alnug. '•Ohr' 

Tire re- wire plenty uf nlrnps iu tire wdl- 
ap|>ointv*.l coocu. It wo* strange that (!ecilia 
ami Von Name had grosjieil the name one. 
It was not a very luud "Oh!" that Cecilia 
gave wlien sin; made the discovery dial an- 
other hand hod ill the dark reached the strap 
before ber. and she did out sock to withdraw 
from the leullier loop, albeit it wo* son lew but 
crowded. Van Name set his teeth, ansi kept 
his hand there. He would rather have faced 
lire mol> that hail just luru dun n the French 
monarchy than have risked his nsscciil suit 
by presuming upon Cecilia's fright ; but. With 
the feeling of a desperate gam bier. lie resolved 
to let hi* Lund stay iu the loop, unci see What 
came of it when her excitement cooled- So 
he let it remsin, not daring to move u musrh-, 
lest he sboulil Ire lliuuglit lo tuke a cowardly 
advantage of Mtw Conaway'* fright The 
nuition of tin- nvscli gnulmdly slackened. 
The m-vcnlecD hand thorough bred* Nell ami 
Major, the Iloy and Henry, wen; through with 
their fun, ami resigned themselves after their 
gallop to the sober guidance of Caleb Blake. 
Yet the little band did not steal out of the 
loop until lire lights of Princeton were- almost 
in sight. As tire) shone in the coach w indow. 
Van Nome looked eagerly at Cecilia'* face. 
It woio a rosy blu-di. and there was just u 
suspicion of a reproachful smile. 

Thu mail Hashed past the flout of old Nas- 
sau Hall, drew up at Thomiife'in'* tavern. 
Princeton, aud was off uguin behind u cruse- 
male! red team of tail raw booed boras of 
Alleghany Mountain bre-cd. picked for work 
over the heaviest and hilliest part uf the rutd. 
Half way betweeu Priucilou and Avrcs the 
clatter of alt approaching equipage n heard 
—a sort of echo of the noise of the mail 

“ Ail right I” sing* out Ure guard Hickman 
from his perch overlread. 

"All right!" comes the echo out of the 
darkness, mid in n moment more the lamps 
of the mail from New York shine Tull In the 
passengers' faces. The null inmncnt it l» 
gone like a red streak in tbc dnrkucre to the 
south. 

“ We must be hull Way there," stud Cecilia, 


with a little ynwn "Pray. Mr, Van Name, 
when tlrey Introduce the railway eoarlim that 
you talk about will one be aide to walk about 
In tlrem?" 

" Hardly," said Van Nome, with a smile of 
superior knowledge, ami not having the rye 


s after. 


Thu 


of tbo prophet wherewith to 
tilmle limited " uf sixty yean 
compartments of tbu English railway conch 
t* arc scarcely larger thsn tiiis, hut then I ho 
motion is so Mms.-lb that one cun aloud up 
for a change without danger " 

"That, at least, would Ire a relief." said 
Cecilia. " Now if 1 should stand up here. 1 
should nmlouMedly fall out of the door, or 
over on |>a|«a and wake him up or—" 

" You mlgiit secure yourself by one of the 
Wrap*.” said Van Name, daringly. 

" Not if a fellow passenger hnd pre cmpwd 
them," replied Cecilia. "Now If Vou weal 
to ks with us, Mr. Van Name, and lire ves- 
sel wo* wrecked, and there was only one 
plank to save me. would I find wlwa 1 reach- 
ed it tloit you had gut there before me aud 
wouldn't let go?” 

“ My dear Mis* Conaway," sitid Van Nsmc. 
eagerly, "if tint uafoitunate case -In >uld 
come, I should only have but one regret in 
letting go, ami tint would be ut the Jia* uf 
the sight of your face." 

" A» you are not going with us,” said Ce- 
cil is. dryly, “your gallantry will not be put 
to tire test, but that is ■ very pretty compli- 
ment. Sir Flatterer. Is it of French muke or 
English, pray?" 

” It is uf Hie make of Hie heart," said Van 
Name ; but the bugle ringing for Ayres waked 
the sleeping pasoengere. mid put n’stop to the 
drift of the riiiivcnuiiion. which Van Name 
thought to himself, in Ire snt buck In bis scat 
sgain. Ire wo* directing wilii eoasHh-ncida 
skill, lie did not renew (lie conversation 
during the next stage .which Ire knew was of 
only six mile*. I»ut sal and meditated on his 
future plan of aunpoigu.wliile “OW Ronny " 
— ii* then Stoddard, lire new driver, waa 
culled, on account of his Iron-gray bsir— 
juloted lire mail lo New Brunswick That 
town was paaecd at raklnight. and Jacob 
Whipple took the reins for the long twenty- 
tbnsvmilc stage to Newark. 

" I began to tell you at supper," said Van 
Name, "why I enure lo Philadelphia.” 

"Oh!" stud Cecilia, "I thought you had 
finished tilling me: but no. ’jkid my word. I 
can't rcmcmlR.-r why it wo*, so I suppose you 
didn't tell mi." 

" I think you know." said Van Name, with 
a tragic seriousnes*. which was r oilier marred 
Ire a fine crrwccodo more from lire hi hot 
old woman to whom Ire had given his seat. 

Cecilia took hold of tlm strap, restol her 
head on her arm, so that the moonlight shone 
full on her arch face through the coach win 
daw, and, with a trace of mimicry of hi* sc- 
rimiiiw, rapliad, " Renii) 1 do not,” 

•' I came for the sole nurpo«c of ivrcoin 
IKxnylag you,” mtd Van Name, throwing u 
vast ninuuut of import into his voice. 

" Patiu and I?" queried the young lady, in 

■omlqr, 

“No; jwrr,” said Van Natne, with impa- 
ticnl omidia-is. 

" Well, you took u very oncer way of 
showing it," murmured Cecilia, with a re- 
proachful glunrr at the strap. 

A swift Intuition tlnslnd alliwntt Van 
Name * bnin. ami a* the light* of lUhwuy 
shone into the conch window be iinnle fast 
prisoner of tbn little Intml williin tire loop, 
then gently disengaged It from the envious 
morocco, and pn-mol it t« his lip*. 

"That is what 1 ought lo Imve done two 
hours ago." he said, with conviction, a* ho 
fondled the little fist with both Ilia oWu, and 
mumbled kisses 


Church now stands Above were farm* aud 
cmrlianls mid Hie crowned hill*, sort below a 
forest of Uiirlccn story building* did IMH o» 
scuro Uie graceful outline* of tire new t tty 
IUII Dozens of trim packets were inoorwl 
in Ure stream, each flying lire American flag, 
and one, Van Name thought t” himself with 
a pong, wa* to bear Ceciliu from him <>u U'e 

Tire passengers all waked with the Min rise 
gun fnun Fort Hamilton; aud Ceclli* 
coquetry all gone, sal with happy face h 
her father, aud spoke only but clootB 
with her eye*, s* in the Unit flesh wmljj 
tire nulumu day the cixseli rolled ii 
City. , . 

Joseph IXmIiI, now well on with IJ 
fiwir year* of foitliful service of tire 
Ih-|,xrlineni, is wuitiug with hi* ri “ 
the ferrv lo take lire mail ncroea 
-r n«rtfcwU Street, and thence to " 

Gerard of 

tt^OOKSaxn 



of Bub- 



oflSce in Giirden Street, 
grow with him to the stag' 

Whitfield's, " No. 1 Cortlandt St 
dooi from Broadway, and next 
cclehrated pump of good wall 1 
not mark on lii* way bill that, 
regaliitiona, tbn Fast Mull ha* 
wav in iu coarse and taken up 
gcr— one Don Cupid. * Bishops 

- ... y ™ wm aartfe** 

Cecltin. says Mr Conaway, e* Ire 
eyes and yawns while they wait ff' lucre 
•• What, you sly twins—" •pprove n 
“Hush, pupu'" saiii Cecilia, gVf'KYXot'fi 
"Mr. Van Name will come an, W House of 
about it at Hist DuycUink* - tliiK:. .. , 

We are Maying at the Duyckinff** 

Mr- Van Name, I mean— on Bow elec led 
Ibat State, 
pstniimd 

THE « VK8CVa r ^ w u uoi 

BY A I.IIIKT r. MATTUn. 

On the roster of the Unite*! ftmu oTed 
the fourth-rate unannonrel cruiser I'emri 
I* put down as a "dyiiuinite cruiser." *u 
tcrest in this vessel hn* ju*t been rckind <-il 
by the cxpcrimi-nts at target • wiiiHitiiig in 
( 'bcKsjM'akc lUy It is true that this |m-'uI 
iar vessel may Is: classified properly as n 
fourth-rate ueurmorod cruiser, Irelng of le** 
than 1U00 tons burden, but it i.« also true i hat 
tbi* government never officially proclaimed 
a greater inuccuracT than to denominate ami 
to keep on denominating this graceful mnj 
dangeruu* rrnft a* a dynamite cruiser. Him 
lias never thrown dynamite, never waa in 
tended to throw dynamite, and prnluthiy 
Ure bilious never will throw dynamite, unless sudden 
war should occur, mid no more desirable ex- 
plosive Ibun dynamite run Ire prone 
once. Thu truth 1* tlisl sire is cnjiul 
throwing dynamite, ami In-nce ber rnti 
» dymuain- cruiser Hire could Lu*-'. 

Ixaiiids of it from each one of her gtini, 

single ciiatfO, and it would cover thu riisUmre 
of more than a mile in Hie Mine time tUnt 
first cJiims sprinter would h[«-ciI <,ver UK) 
yards— lllj second*. And if an ItulUn iron 
clad, or any other naval immster. grunt oi 
small, should happen to he wit bin J<M) f.-et ot 
Hie spot Where the loaded cigar <iu» the ear 
t ridge hn* been called) should clinnce t< 
strike, there wouldn't Ire any ironclad «. 
vc«cl of any sort there in ten. five, or tw. 
trecmidH, hi- cording s* tire time had tx-en 
ranged for the cartridge u> explode »f u-r 
lact. The more cv.ruut designation . ft 
unique vessel would he to classify li«v»* " 
ait lor|«io I m sl— the only otre of tin- * o* 
cxisleirec. and one whnoe capuMlit ? ,M *f U*i» 
imi« yet been determined, notwithwtu^'bo r n- .v 
iwnt uxpcrlntenu in Chesapeake most ki,ld in 
u r , J officer* «ay G inter” ' 


tempting to wiUidraw tire pink -and 
prize. " not quite that much; lzut you might 
liave—’’ 

"Squeezed it!” *akl Van Name, cmplmti 
cally. And then Cecilia gave a little cry. for other 
liefore he suited the actum to the word he — 
had sllpp<«l a large intaglio which he wore 
on the third linger uf her left hand. He 
"mode it well, "in the manner described In 
a well-known nursery rliytno. 

Single lit New Brunswick, engaged at New- 
ark: would that it might Ire muiricd at Jersey 
(Tty! Van Name thought, a* the mail swejit 
through the frooty dawn on the U-t sUg>- of 
Hiis roost eventful Journey He wanted to 
shout out Ids happiness to George Washing 
in, the leader of the gray team which hur 


SmiL-ofo. 

* u failure: others nay the win 1 : a tiding tin 
different way by declaring tl. ' B Boy 


she limy be succnuJul in Hu- 
friend* or sdliilrers of tlre/ Pu Km'«-‘ thing in * 
navy are very few This one <-* 1 they hope 
officer* wimll— and so dojturv f °ut*l»k.u 
other ii n vie* of the w o l «•»**«« in the 
Wore being entirely., . m< 1 much the naval 
from her three m.m " * l, crsm the offlccrs of tl,e 
or projecule*. eu< nrrld— she i* caps Wo, 

kind of high cxJl coni- re l°Bded, of throwing 
•VH) pounds. * djj of ffuis 30 cartridge* 

and da it all i. 11 mled with nlniost anv 
other Words. M • Plow ve, and each vreighinL' 

of gnn-cotto/ 1 **P“ , " B0,S ,,f BMMO than a mile 
explosive In " >1 lo , , , *'* n HH Htiiiutc* In 
than half Urn-' “ twHd explode 15.0U0 potimh 
mind* of 'if*HT-r^^“ n ‘j^' nr “»y B*'laClno.is 
S.V yiyo.'» l( " V* 1 ™ "IS'. 11 rtll , le nwnv in less 


ried them over the last mile* of their route^,|... u i rat l urnr. phi* of ii.'m-IL m 

lie wottld have liked to surprise AroTliomoa. ■ *' 1 t^nj should clianw terize her 

.i- ..-i — -i.i. » «» t.» .„> win. 1 • ,u P»"d« l « pMMhHitlew 

i!i lri Hirl - howc vcr. Sec rx-lnry Tra. 


tiie driver, with it. a* he sat with reddening 1 
nose lu the crisp sir of tire morning on tbi? A 
box. He would liave liked lo procUiimi 
it tbrougli tire guanl s horn to Ure fiilwind 
of tire fresh rippling Hackensack. He wi^ 
liave liked to wake up llcau jiirc IVnar , w 
and ttMi bis consent at once A little 1 
clarostion of delight from Cecilia wllhd>* Vsv 
him flout hi* silent rapture. Hire w as h F. t -x 
ing from the window Tiic »p*«* wits ciTerrew 
ed. but. with iobm damage to her bonnet . 
head was framed with her* in a red leal „»-j. 
background. , . _ i . hi* 

They bad reached the mamit of Ik. j, ur 
Illll, and New York wo* before tlrem. , • 

the New York of to-day. with tire mi, « Vivo 
it* desert of men covering every foot '>P[n 
hat tun Island, with lire poldo profile mSip 


f-endnu* pomihilitien. 

_ , , , , - however. Sf 

^id of Hie l«v«n, that her .. 11BB 

not yet been demmutmud " It V I 

wlrat sire could do at tnrgcf «|,irotintf 
explosive WM Usnl.duKimv sltcllo 
rire result pTi.vcsI tj lat ,i‘„ „‘“*, 0rcd * 

Mat onnry and tire water snrooll? 

5oS 

motion sud tire target also tnowt., U ' ,DR ,n 


island ohecured by gnpiinly wbnrvos Hnf M no t„ licr ivdvrr>«n- si s * lol ibl sten] uii 

Iron bulk* of humlroU or 'bat u,. oinriel^ wcn“tr^»h^i '‘ " fc f,>u '*d thiu 

wo* a snug little mw". rack I ^ \ tbc they ove-mbot KtSOTfaW* 11 - b '» 

~ ‘ ' »« extent llmt in c,..„l^. B, *°« to snch 


K isi and. and ending 


%-oi =«r^ , i^s 1 'a' 


» moHou wire prououi 


fail arc 


425 



tt. View uf Mount Baker. 


? 

7 . On llie Sound. 


KGTON.-Duwx BY CnARLfS Graham.— (8kk 1*ah« 

A. View of llte Cilj from like Bay. 5. I -ok is WaaliinffUm. 


Digitized by Google 


42G 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1798. 


THE CITY OP SEATTLE. 

BY WILLIAM WILLARD HOWARD 

W ITU aatiafocthm grown from Indisputable 
succm*. the good folk «*( Seattle *ny w Owr 
City. “It i* our*, wo road* it; we own It." 
This in neither pride nor vanity ; it Is mod- 
esty Tithing into account tin- rapid and nl 
rnrlrt unexampled growth of the city during 
i lie past few year*, arid considering whitl the 
iwmplc would be justified in saying. and also 
in whitl tone they might any It. tbeir quirt 
nnnounremcDt of ownership does them infi- 
nite credit. The untbiuklug stronger dot* 
m* appreciate tlvo importance of thi*. 1'ew 
persons cwn who urc not familiar with the 
prunes* of WcBUTO growth, 

Under the high pressure system <if Western 
civilization the loccutive to development is 
always greater than the means of accomplish- 
ment. In new cuminuiliUcs there arc plenty 
of people willing to make improvements, hut 
there is usually n scarcity of money for them 
to work with. Men opportunities for 
building railroads, mill*, warrhouw*. ninnu- 
f.c lories. business blocks, and such things. 
Their supply of money is widely dispropor- 
t humic to their need*, and in the nntiiral 
course of circunwtftnct* tliey seek to tuld to 
their capital where and in what manner they 
may. in the East there arc many meu who 
tin ve money, hut who have few opportunities 
of investing it. The enterprising mau of the 
s-truguliug Wes* asks the capitalist of the 
F c-i for enough additional money to devel- 
op liia particular enterprise. He sec* great 
profit In it and quick return*, and in his 
anxiety be offer* a* high as ten nnd twelve 
per cent, a year for llic Eastern man's bile 
cnpitnl. The KaaU-ru man think* that he 
know* a good rale of IdIsnM when be see* 
it. and after Itc bn* obtained plenty of secu- 
rity in the way of bonds. tnortgngM, judg 
inviil notes, and such iron chid document*, be 
ad van CM the money. Sometimes lie take* 
o-.it the interest in advance, in tire form of 
discount, so that he run get not only ten or 
twelve per cent , but actually twice as much. 
The Western man cannot object, because he 
is feverishly anxious la gel the money. He 
expects to uivke enough to a year to pay it 
all I writ The borrower builds his mill, nr 
his liu sines* block, or whatever It may lie. 
and fancies that lie owns it. He work* hard, 
and for a yrnr or two make* enough to pay 
lire Intertill iiinl w>me of the principal Thu 
lender think* that lie lias found a good tiling, 
and be readily tuivautxa money to the next 
ambitious mnn who approaches him Ilia 
neighbors lend money, and they too become 
convinced that they liavc found a gwid tiling. 
The Western community grows ns only West, 
era communities can glow when they have a 
good start. For a time money i* plentiful, 
nod llie enterprising people feel ibeniaelvt* 
to Ire rich ami prosperous They build fine 
liou*r*. which they fill with expensive furnl 
i urt. including the inevitable piano, aod wlreo 
that is done they feel so proqrerona that they 
l«iy ponies and carriages fur their wives and 
daughters. They are pretty well satisfied 
witli themselves os liutuiriul managers, and 
incidentally the EaMern money-lender U kst* 
lulled too. for the reason that be *up|>om 
that all this show und tine living menu boal- 
ire*i success which will eventually pay him 
1(H> |ier cent, cm his original investnrent. 

After a whllu there ©orarawbul tlic people 
of Ure West call a "Lad year.'' Tire bad 
ear conic* when It Is not expected, for it 
of » habit of striking the typical Napoleou 
of Western finance with something of a 
shuck. Tire crops fail, it* crojw sometimes 
do. even in lire golden regions of bountiful 
America Thera may have been too much 
rnin. or there mny have been no rain at all, 
winch is the more likely slate of lire coae. 
Some sort of bug may liavc eaten the young 
crops, or any oue of a whole catalogue of 
poasiblc things may have occurred to make 
it a taut year. The uni bilious folk of the 
young city suddenly discover that they do 
not own their own property. The Eastern 
ciipiUlial own* it, and they must pny rent to 
him in tlu? shape of Interest at ten or twelve 
per cent, a year. In a had yeur nil that the 
people cun do is to iinike a frugal living, 
The payment of ten per cent, interest i* wcli- 
nigh impossible. it must bu done, however, 
an miuiy a pour fellow knows to his cost. If 
it i* not done there are legal proceedings 
H ml foreclosure* ami public Miles, mid such 
things, which are conducted with all the 
hriutlcns publicity tbut misforlunc always 
creates. The Eastern uiotrey lender drre* to 
truth and reality own the town, and it de- 
pends upua his mercy whether the town 
thrives or comes to un untimely end. Is it 
liny womk-r that the hind- work mg Wentciii 
man kicks upoe. t lie Kuslrrn oapitnlwl a* a 
Sliy lock incarnate? The plausible loan ugenl 
of lire West, who makes 11 bummis of guar- 
anteeing EaMern investors eight per cent, oti 
n nl -estate security. will rise right up at tbb*. 
und mo*, rt that more mnttgugi> are renewed 
than foreclosed. Perhaps they ure. hut if 
they are. It Is because the EaMern investor 
ci insider* renewal to lie preferable to fore- 
closure from a business point of vluw. The 
EMMra tovattor i» m tins thing fur money 
and if he think* that there is more profit to 
him in forcchming than in renewing, he will 
foreclose. The Eastern money lender lias 
not yet been accused of undue philanthropy, 
so far us I know. 

In lire course of time the city of Bentilu 
will liuva n lnul year. This i* something 
that cannot be avoided. Dor to any great ex 
tout guarded against. Hum likely- a* not 


to occur through no fault of Seattle, or of 
her nrtgHIxmi. ' When it does come, the nig. 
iiificatHi.' of the present quiet assertion of 
ownership will la; doubly apparent. The in- 
terest an her own debts will be paid into her 
own Iwnks to the credit of her own people, 
and not sent out of the city to increase llie 
capital of people who do tint need it. Tire 
InuI year will tree fewer broken luiiks, bank- 
rupt firms, aitd ruined hoties in Seattle thau 
In many idaccs In tire West that could I* 
named. A quarter of a rentary bence. when 
the business methods of the various cities of 
the West and Northwest can lie commented 
upon much more intelligibly Ilian they cun 
I*' now. It will Ire «*cn that one of tire chief 
factor* in Seattle's growth Wna this local 
ownership of local property. Just now the 
money tbat is mode over tuid above the cur- 
rent expense* of busiot-i* Is reinvested in 
something that will add lo the wcnltb and 
prnaperily of the place. Thus, the capitalist 
who fiiniishcM money for public Improve 
moat bu* n double interest in the welfare of 
the locality, and for that reason, if for no 
oilier. he is hound to do hi* best to help the 
city in the anximta dnva of Ure laid year 
Tire kical capitalist cares both for hi* own 
property and for the town; the foreign mon- 
ey lender caret only for his mortgage and hi* 
money. With all tlresr facts taken into Ac- 
count. any one may see how well fortified 
beat lie 1* against Ure attacks of the Inevita- 
ble bod year. 

The hud year will doubtless he laid enough 
when ir crimes, yet I do not m how it can be 
n* had in Seattle n* in many other place*, un- 
less the rut of the world cense* to use lumber 
nnd hops and coni and such tiling*, which ts 
entirely uulikely. The source* of Hcattle'a 
prosperity are hiicIi that Iter mill* am) It ire* 
of latsincaa are likely to go on long after oth- 
er thlugs Mop. lit Ure first place, there i< 
enough primeval forest within easy roach of 
the city to keep her people busy for many 
years to come, and lire important fact exists 
that a market can he found for most of this 
lumltt-r in other countries than this. Chinn 
wauls lumber, .lupin want* lumber, and all 
the countries along the western coast of the 
three Americas want lumbar. Thvte Is al 
ways a demand for lutnlier. It is a demand, 
too, that never grows lew. hut ooaalanllr in- 
creases with the growth of the rountry Moat 
of the lumber manufactured in Washington 
during the past few vent* has supplied ouly 
the local demand, although vnucl-lruri* of 
Muff have I weri o.-nt to foreign port*. With 
the recent remarkable increase in the nuralier 
of saw-mill* there will come a necessity for 
fore Ign markets, tut It la not without reason 
that llie local demand can keep pace with 
the productive capacity. The Puget Sound 
null* cun furnish lumhvrlo point sax farms* 
a* Colorado, in direct com petition with the 
hunberrimtere of Chicago and lire mill.* of 
Michigan and Wisconsin. In tire matter of 
cedar shingles they can practically control 
the marker* a* far nut a* St Paul, and per- 
Itapa farther. In ship timbers Puget Sound 
lias already sent «imc cur load* of stuff to 
the ship-yards of Virginia, anil in bridge tim- 
bera ahe lot* hardly u rival wltlilu reasonable 
•hipping distance. Thus il will In norm that 
nearly one-half of the grant continent of 
North America is directly tributary to the 
milla of Washington. When this field is in 
a fair way of living occupied by tbe lumber 
dialer* or Pug# Sound, a systematic effort 
will lie made to 0(M new market*. nnd 
1 1rene murker* must of necessity lw In for- 
eign countries. Tbu opening of new market* 
in foreign countries means a reciprocity in 
trade that is greatly to Ire desired, Foreign 
mcrch&als who now look upon the United 
Staten with indifference, if not actual dis- 
trust. will have u la tter opportunity than 
ever before of liecoming acquainted with the 
North American merchant ami manufactur- 
er, and. a* a natural sequence, of liecunting 
convinced of tire superior advantage* to be 
serured by trading here. Such a reciprocity 
of trade would benefit not only Seattle and 
the Puget Sound country, blit the entire 
United Stale* a* well. I um convinced that 
lire people of Seattle al ready appreciate the 
imp niuiu' of active trade relation* with the 
Pacific countries, and that tiny are taking 
proper measure* to tusku use of their oppor- 
tunities. 

The natural advantage* of Seattle in this 
respect have by no menu* been lost sight of. 
thi the contrary, the enterprising people of 
tire city have pre-[xirvd slulistics lb show that 
Australia and the Asiatic countries can trade 
much clu-apcr ut Puget Sound Ilian they can 
at Liverpool, which now controls most of tin- 
AsInlJe buoiatta*. Tbe trade of l.'hina alone 
i* worth aImmiI one liuudre*! and thirty mill 
loan of dollar*, and moal nf tin* money goes 
to (.rmit Britain. In eouoectioa with Uii* 
fact tlrere- arc some iiilortratlng comparisons of 
distnnee From Seattle lo Slum g- 1 1 al ix a dis- 
Iniice of S 700 mile*; from Llvetpoul to Shaug 
llaT. 11.7'ki mile*. Hue is a difference of 
6000 mile* of ocean travel in favor of St-sUie, 
to any nothing >>f the greater safely of the 
Seattle route over the Liverpool route Puget 
Sound nugbl to control the tradcof Shang-Hal 
on tire merit of distance alone. From Seattle 
to Canton U u distance of 6500 mile*; from 
Liverpool to0mton.10,900miliia New York 
licrw-lf lias a personal lntereM in llresc figures, 
for Maubattnn Island is 87 M mile* nearer 
Slung Hat, by war of Puget Sound, than Ur- 
erpci.il Is, and ;ri the fame time thequlckiwaa 
■ if trunsjiortAlioB i* greatly in favor of New 
York. 

With respect to the Huaaiao ports on the 


.Pacific Ocean, the diffcrcncea In distance and 
time are still greater. From Scuttle to tire 
mouth of the Anusir River i» a distance of 
only HBflO miles, from Liverpool. 18..Y>0mile* 
llie vast country drained by tire A moor ii 
thus by nature and drouniBtanceit more* trib- 
utary to the Uniteil States than to the capital 
of Hnstia Itself. Tbe projected |{iia*iiiii Pa- 
cific Itnilway will have its eastern terminus 
at Vladivostok, which i* on lire Japan Sen. 
only 4700 milt* from Puget Soitud The 
vilm region* of productive country directly 
tributary to tin* railroad will naturally eslab- 
li*h trade relation* with the United HtaU% 
Biioner than with any cither foreign country, 
ami it remain* only for the merchants nod 
manufacturer* of America to cultivate that 
trade. In respect to distance. America ho* 
three linns tu good a diancc tut Liverpool 
ha*. 

Apart from tire one advantage of distance, 
which may lie considered us the chief advan- 
tage in *■ curing the Asiatic trade In oooipi 
lition with Great Ikitalo. there- art- other ad 
vantages that should not lw Irwt sight of. 
England twt.uot competo with the Unilcil 
States in tlic production of the article* of 
commerco that are most in demand in the 
Asiatic markets, such a* lumber, meal*. Hour, 
canned gofsl.s, cfaeup cotluns, and all sorts of 
machinery for agricultural and general use. 
It slMiuld be noted, in passing that the State 
of Washington will in time have no superior 
among Ure Stale* of America in the prodoo- 
tioll of 111 cue things With this advantage 
to begin with, America ha* a double advan- 
tage in the rheaparaa and quickness with 
Which il* products may be delivered to the 
Asiatic marie#*. Tbo wonderful Japan r«e 
current of the Pacific Ocean, which gives the 
western euwi of America one ot the finest 
rlimulrs in Ure world, and wbirh robs even 
tbe Alaskan winter of most of its terrors, 
nilds SO mile* a day U; n tcmoI's speed in 
either going to or coining from the Asiatic 
coast. Thu great current flows In n circle 
from Japan lo the American coast und lsu-k, 
and vessel* may lake ti (usage m either cur- 
rent at will. Ifiiudilcil junk* nf tbe Asiatic 
Count are sometimes wasiictl ashore in the 
United State*, and no doubt tbe reverse I* 
quite as true. What with its climatic bene- 
fit* and its ht'lp* to navigation, tbe gentle 
Japanese rivrr In tire w* seem* to have 
been created especially for tbe use i>f the 
tsxiplc of the western c-mai of the United 
Slates, and wltere nature lias m> plainly taken 
the initiative, tnno should follow. Puget 
Sound * opportunity U too plain to be over- 
looked. 

That this opportunity will Ire made use of, 
I have no* the slightest donlit One ho* 
only to look hack m the record of thing* ac- 
romplislied to feci sure that the people of 
Seattle are equal lo any of llieir apportuni- 
tie*, nnd likewise capnhlc of meeting »ny 
emergency Ihnl may arise. Tire great fire 
of June «. 1S*9. showed that On that iIhJ' 
uncontrnllable lliunes leaped upon the busi- 
ness portion of tbe city, and swept it from 
tire fori! of lire earth. Before the- fire I tad 
dorm It* worst the entire busmens district, 
wbli-lt covered an arc* of « acre*, had al- 
liiiml utterly disappeared, und with it some- 
thing like 8I0.tHJO.000 worth of property. 
Thi* was not the property of Knslarn capi- 
talist*. but of tbe people of Seallhi Itself, ami 
the low vm their*. It wn» a traareudou* 
blow, becuuse these people had not yet pass 
ed tbe period of work nod #raggle in tlrelr 
iHlsiMM rnreers. iu fart, they bod only just 
liegim to see daylight abend, and to feel cun- 
ftdrnt of a better future- When the fire had 
done all Unit fire could do lo enioe the city 
nf Seattle from the map of tire United Stnteu, 
there arose in the hre-asts of lliesc jieople a 
mighty de*lre to build on the smoking ruins 
of thdr city the great, tire rich, tire mighty 
Scuttle that they lmd looked forward lo as a 
P'dlbilily of tfre diM-xnt future They de- 
cided to build tire city thru ami there, in- 
stead uf waiting for the slower process of 
natural growth. Tina begun it building 
movement such os only America seems ca- 
pable of, and which ha* lieeo surpusied tiv 
no other city of equnl *ixe in the warm. 
Chicago did more iiiuiied Lately after her (Ira 
in 1871, but Chicago was a much larger city, 
with more to work with Ou the *utli day 
of June. INlH). the building record sliowcd 
that 1110 buildings had tieen cxmalrucUil of 
Wick, stone, ami Iron, in sir<t* ranging from 
three to eight stories. Tire total frontage 
was more than oue and a half mile*. The 
money spent on construction amounted to 
8l.f)lk$,(kN> At that time it wiu estimated 
Hist when the new building* thm in course 
of construction should he completed, the to- 
la! amount of money spent on the brick, 
stone, nnd iron building* would be nearlv 
87.iANJ.lNW, During the year tlrere were 
built WV frame amt corrugated iron lniihl- 
ings, ut u cost of 81.M6.400. These new 
building* were put up In the hunred district 
only. The usual building operations In the 
residence part* of the dly went forward with 
out ranch interruption. The new whnrre* 
constructed to replace the water front prop- 
erty destroyed by the fire. cost. with their at- 
tendant warehouses and ooiU-hunkcn. about 
81 .688,0001 There wore ($0 new wharves, 
which lud a frontage of more than two 
utiles. 

It will tic seen by lire*.* figure* that tire to- 
tal cost of new jiro|«erty In the burned dis- 
trict during tbe year wa* about 8'.148.l»0, 
which nearly malehes the lore by the fire, in 
cludiug the roved building*, and tire val- 
ue of the merchandise. In this respect, at 


least, tire Arc whs a positive gain to Henllle. 
for thr new building* arc IlirtniUlv better 
I huu the old ones were-, nnd better cnlculatial 
to give strangers confidence iu the fuliirt- of 
Ure eity. Tliese building*, inldcxi to Ure 
iniUchlc** spirit timl created lliem, e*lahh*li 
lieyond all doubt Health- ’* position ;u a com 
tnerciiil centre, for laiikliugs like l lux- arc 
not Uiilt unless tire people who built lliem 
i-xpw-l to make grusl ure of them It (nav 
be meutioued liiciileutally.lit conuci tiou with 
Ibis mutter. Unit during the year of the fin-, 
and despite the uuuvotdalilc interruption 
caused by tbe fire, lire wbolctuUe trade of 
Henllle amounted tci mere than thirteen mill 
Iona of dollar*. It U larger now, because 
the city lift* grown rapidly since the fire, ami 
with fnemured growth naturally transsru 
more husinew For practical men. Ure liest 
proof of this commercial activity i* the bunk 
Matcmrnt. which slrews the city * balance of 
uocnuut. In commenting on thi* point, lire 
secretary Of the Beattie Chamber of Com 
mere* Inis said: " EnUnwIasm may jiuini in 
glowing colors the growth ami bright future 
of a community: self Interest may hopefully 
exaggerate the advantage* of tfre present, 
and the promises held out of greater pros- 
perity. but tire lauiks toll a cold- flooded, un 
iriipieisioued tale of banl, actual cftsli. count- 
«*l dollar by dollar. Crowd* congregate, 
men use bod judgment in building costly ed 
iflrc*. boom* slir the blood: but the man w bo 
bold* tire money hag does not get excited. 
There Is Uo romance about Ure statement that 
Ure total resource* of the banks iu lire ciiy 
aniount lo 88,631.287." 

Tlrere never is any romance in table* of 
statistic*, yet even lire least proosk- minded 
of men can Dud something lo interest tlrem 
in the figure* tbat Seattle makes public now 
nnd then. Here is a significant comparison : 
In May, 1HH0. Just before tbe lire, lire depos- 
it* in the banka of Seattle amounted to 
81. 1 18.033. There were tlu-n six Imnks do- 
ing husine**. On tbe 1st of June. IMA), Uir 
deposit* ammuited to 8fi.4W.H45, divided 
Hiiiong twelve I «nks It should he n-mem 
lreml here tbut during Uiat elapsed year 
more than seven millions of dollar* hod horn 
paid out for new Imllding*. These are fact*, 
vet they read very much ns though they 
might M romauoc. The Chamber of Com- 
merce make* the following matciueot : "In 
June. IHB». Ure taxable property of tire city 
wa* flfi.OWi.UHL iiowit is8* , 6.(NN),iNiO. That 
is n very muxiderahle increase of value w Ills 
in one year. But what i* even more rigntri 
runt ia that in l&fii the tutu) amount of 
mortgage* on real estate was 82-500.000 or 
so; thi* year we have no more than 8VflOn. - 
600, nrafractioo lew, although tbe additional 
buildings are prolxxbly worth 8‘ , . ,l "‘ , .(Hsi 
Tlii* i* evidence that the Urge amount of 
building lia* been at the expense of property 
owner*, and not un borrowed money.” Tin* 
local ownership of property aeems to me lo 
be one of the chief reason* for the phenom- 
enal rise of the city cut of Ure ruins of 1H.*0. 
It was a bad year. a» lmd year* go. but it led 
to Ireiter thing*, and iu the main it might 
puu-ihly lie classed among tboee things that 
some folk call blessings in disguise. 

To person* who care lea* for tbe cold fact* 
of hank statements than for tire visible evi- 
dence* of prosperity there i* in Seattle rv 
story of achievement little abort of tbe mi 
raculmiH. Here I* a nolid city of more than 
forty thousand people where only a few 
years ago (here was n lonely saw- mi I! settle- 
meat in tire mhlM of lt»« primevnl wilder- 
new. Man first came to Ure site of Hcnttlo 
for the timber that grew round about. Tin- 
«ow mill community u«»k llie name of Seattle 
from the chief of the Bmqitanipdi and other 
ullied nil** of lndluua. Tire advantages of 
the l’uget Huiiml region were known — at 
least *o f«r m navigation was concerned — as 
eurly as ISil, when tire head of a govern 
Blent exploring eXjiedilKiii said in n rcjx-lt ; 
"I venture noUtinf in saying that no coun 
try iu tire world possesses waters equal to 
these From lire mouth or the strait* to Uic 
heiul nf navigation. two hundred miles iuliin-l 
not a shoal nor reef uor hidden danger exists. 
At time* it narrows to a river's width, anil 
nguin widens into the majesty of a sen. bat 
i* overywlrerc fiw to Mngauon, the homo 
ol all erafl. blue, deep, nnd lalhomless. " 
With *ucli a sheet of land kicked water art 
the sound, and with such inexhaustible! re- 
sources In limber ns the tributary country 
poteesxcd. it wo* no wonder that Senttle 
slsould grow. Yet the growth wa* not par 
ticulsrly rapid uni 11 tlie overland niilrmttl 
movement attracted tbo attention of men 
sti klng MW fii ldi for their money and tbeir 
business energies When tlie Northern i*a- 
rific Kuitroud mulred the Pacific cooxt. Seat 
tic kgnii that era of marvellous growth which 
bus not yet come to an end, Seattle is still 
growing, a* any one mny see without t)i« aid 
of ilatutic*. When the G feat Northern Ita i i 
rooil also reaches Ure sound, as it is ««|wcted 
to do within n Tuuaonahlu length of time, thtxt 
growth will lie- reinforced by tut mlded ini 
pulse of prospcriiy. 

Tlie mcr* fact >ff a new railroad havinjg 
c rossed the coniine nl ami connected tbe Vn 
torwnys of the Pacific with the head of l|jc 
Ureut Lakes would not of itself cause much 
of a forward movement, for there arc score.-, 
of town* along tire lines of the tramreonn 
ueiiinl road* that a railway to tbo moon 
would not wake Into commercial activity , 
but il is the business that the new rood muk.es 
postijhlo that srira the Mood of Ure pkniecr 
ciiixeu*. I» muM In; rcnicmliercd that ever v 
Uuw railroad that cuts a ]»th through thu w il. 



JUKE 0, 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


427 


dc roots of wcBteru Washington, and build* 
it* wharves on tire shore* of tire sound. lei* 
Irawe tire resource* of one of lire riclrest 
Slates in the Aurerirou L'ulou. Tlrere are 
hundreds of men in Washington waiting for 
the new mul to carry llreir liuilier and their 
coal, tlieir Iron un- 1 llreir preclou« mineral, 
to tilt' ncan-kl market, ami when tiresr men 
l*-giu to realize ill their invest incnls I lure 
will lie thousand* of others to come in am] 
imitate tlieir example. In Dirac regions yet 
to be traversed by railroads there in enough 
timlier uncut to keep the whole world going 
for Itrty years or more; Dim l* coal enough 
and to spare to s-upply ibe ureal* of tire Pa- 
cific coast from Alaska to Cape Horn, and 
there is good agricultural land enough to 
maintain a jiopulntion of four or live million, 
of people- 1 do not blame tire Seattle man 
for having liny -dmiin* a* bright u» the glitter 
of hikiw on lofty Mount lfaulir. nor can I deny 
hU prophecies of wealth in day* to come, for 
the great Stale of Wiiubington is a inugn 
alue of almost untouched wealth, and Puget 
Sound U it* market. The good folk who 
are ulready ou tire ground. mid wire «e what 
infinite rich*-* arc within their grasp, may be 
|Mird»ned their contempt for Es.-tern slug. 
gUlimas and indifference. for tire East does 
not know and cannot understand. People 
who are WlWIt with three or four per cent 
in teres I on their money, and who lire too 
conservative to believe that any high rale U 
will dottlMloo never know tin- pneMhU- 
iiira of pmlit in tire new regions of lire Pa. 
otto Northwest, where shrewd nml capable 
(Msiple arc chilling and worrying because 
they have not tlie means at hand tu lake full 
adraotag* of tlrelr opportutiitie*- It is not 
too much to expert that these conservative 
Ensleni men. or nt lean (heir successors. will 
aomr day be onlv too glad to lend money an 
property in the Pacific Northwest at lite rate 
of three or four per cent. 

If in this urtieht I have given inure alien- 
lion lo lire fact* and figures of Seattle’* mate- 
rial pmipmty tbiiu to any other feature of 
her existence, it la lie anise tliat U about all 
there i* to talk about Seattle ho* no 
mat and no history. It Is nil present arid 
future. Even in uncial or load characteristic* 
•he is not particularly distinctive, at least not 
sufficiently so as to cause separate considera- 
tion. Thai i* something ful tin- future. The 
erwiyist on Americas cities twenty years 
lienee will deal with this question to better 
purpose Just at present healtle Is a collec- 
tion of Eastern ana Western people bent on 
nuking money. They are not on Puget 
Sound for llreir health, although tbo climate 
ik Mifirething to take delight in. and their so- 
cial existence is * necondury and necessarily 
rather mixed attribute. Most families have 
net up their household gods in much lire same 
way as tbnt In winch they teak them down 
when they moved from tlieir Inst place of 
residence, whether It wss Beacon Street. Bos- 
ton. or Champa Street. Denver. Tire visitor 
will And very little different* between lire 
s»diil life here nnd that in Die older cities of 
tlic Hast and West, with lire exception. per 
Imi.w. that In lire new place there ts Ira* art- 
nil ooaaarvallam than in Die old. The lilt 
Mied soeinl character of Seattle it a matter 
f«r another docadv.alt bough tire people lrev<- 
already made a good beginning. The broad 
mid comprehensive manner in which public 
improvement* have Ix-en projected and car- 
ried out. and the libera! and Intelligent way 
it) which chord**, schools, and clreriUibui 
organ ixiitinn* have been supported, tugi-tlrer 
with the undoubted taste ami far-sighted tx-sa 
with which priviilr- residences have been 
liudt. show to ray mind tliat tlrese [leuple 
have determined "to make Seattle tire equal 
morally socially, aud intellectually of any 
city of' similar ante in the United Stiusn. 

Wlren n man makes a trial of doing hush 
ness in Seattle, and after a time Bonds for Ida 
family, that show* that Ire is *nD*ftr«i to make 
the city bis borne; ami when; after a reason 
able lamo of lime, ire build" a fine house and 
move* into it, tbnt shows that not only i* hi* 
family Satisfied with Seattle, but that ho is 
prospering in hi* affairs. This is practically 
n comiensed history of fSwttle. us far as Seat- 
tle has any history. Men have come to lire 
new place a* a financial experiment, unit 
they have invested some money on what 
they went accustomed to call tlieir business 
judgment. When they tiroepcttxl. aud were 
able to pay hilts wlren d tie. they took a lik- 
ing to the plure. for here was one s|Kit where 
fortune did not hegrudgu them a living. 
Once started on the rood to money-making, 
they fun ml lire way comparatively easy, and 
in the course of n few week*, wlren Urey 
found that Day hail money to spare, they 
reinvested it in Seattle property. They dal 
till" over aud over again, curb time heller 
plruM-d (lmn the lime before. and it was not 
long before they began to look upon the city 
with an affection Dial few financial Stoma 
could nhuke Mail is always pkwd with a 
town that give* him proaperity. In (lie min- 
ing regions of the Rocky Mountain* I have 
heard men "peak with absolute human affec- 
tion of some straggling, unkempt, and ill fa- 
vored mountain town that a decent person 
would bo ashamed to die in, and it was only 
because this disreputable huddle of Hlianbe" 
had [toured tire yellow gold of good luck 
into tlieir outstretched hand*. The people 
of Seattle think wonderfully well of their 
town. anti with good rqaaon While they 
Ivove hern building ibe eity. the city lias been 
enriching them, which i* n j«*t exchange of 
remoiMi) interest. Two such good friend*** 
the aty and its builders should Long walk 


together in peace and prosperity, to the end 
Dial some day a rnmiiiiinity of half u miltl'in 
people "hall look nut nerws the hud llcckvd 
waters of Puget Sound. 


A SONG. 

Love is like there: Die bubble on tire stream 
Now revti. tiow gone; 

Tlic wild red ftasli that seta the out agleani 
At stormy tlawn, 

A wondrous lily, blooming hut lo die; 

Sprung from strange root. 

A purple flower of golden. eye 
And poison fruit; 

A rare ml roue that shelter* in the hand, 
Hut keep* its tliora. 

A laughing mirage mocking thirsty sand 
lu dcreru lorn; 

TJre carol gay nf bUllteBOOM summer bird* 
At winter lied; 

Tile painful HWecLiM's* "f remembered words 
Prom lip. long dead. 

Atul yet— and yet, while summer stars shall 
shine. 

Or breezes blow. 

Love will he king, aud rule by tight divine 
O'er high aud low. 

II. Wuinu. 


TIIE WARRIOR MONKS OP THE 
SAHARA. 

A NEW ORDER OP CHIVALRY. 

BY F. crSUFPB OWES. 

Fiukck is indeed a land of surpr i"c* at«d 
punuluxes. Who in the world could have 
dreamt Hint the last decode of thU ptoaateal, 
matter of fact, mid eommon place nineteenth 
century would witnesa ibe revival of one of 
the mist romantic features of the Middle 
Age*, mid Diat, too. I>y the most scepUcal. 
cynical, atnl superficial people under t he TOD ' 
Knr il is members of the j<n MUM d»r<r of 
France who have formed the first contingent 
of tire lioty order known as the Warrior 
Monk" of tire Sahara Tire latter nre the 
modern embodiment of the Knight* of Malt* 
nnd Knights Templars of crumding day*. 
Tire steel Irelnret is rvplncvd by one made of 
cork, with duly patented ventilating appa- 
ratus; the visor. Instead of being of melid, 
i* of cloth, similar to those worn ov tire Tun 
reg Arabs; and in Ucu of the petitioned lartec, 
there I* a far more deadly weupnu in the 
shape of a repealing rifle. Tire object in 
view, however. I" the sntue, tmtnt-ly. lire de 
livery of slaves from bondage, and Die prop 
iignlinii of Christ I uni tv by means not of the 
gospel alone, hut of the gospel allied to Die 
sword. Cardins) Lavigvrie. to whom Die 
merit of Diis extraordinary revival tteiong*. 
bus lived lungcncrngh in Africa lo learn Dint 
the one is Indispensable to the other— at uny 
rate, among Du- lurlxilenl and wnriikc races 
who itdisbil the northern half of the Dark 
Continent, lie has witnessed the marvellous 
siiceeu uf the Moslem prurelytism, which, 
although attended by violence and I doodah ed. 
ha* imparted a certain amount of dviliiaDon 
nnd enlighlenmenl to nations Mluefieil in Die 
very lowest depthsof pagan barlxirtsm. After 
comparing the many million.* of converts to 
MoiianiuKxIanbm to the relatively few thou- 
sand* of convert." to Chrutianity in Africa, 
anil after a careful aud profound study of 
lire problem—* study for which Ids hreodth 
of mind atnl I da-ralUy of view purticukrly 
littod him — he ha* come to the conclusion that 
the system of sending out unarmed miwlon- 
arie* to preach Ibe gos[>el and nothing Ifllt 
lire coapd amoog tire t*vag«» wuaall wrong, 
tliut both Die heroism nnd the martyrdom of 
tliese tduoeeni of Christianity were entirely 
wasted, and that if any material good were 
lo Ire achieved, it rould only be douo by 
menus of a radical ciiange. 

Willi this purpose in view. Ire lias founded 
lire order of the Warrior Monks of Die Saha- 
ra. Instead of meekly bowing their heads 
lo ns-eivc the martyr's rniwit.uivy will fight 
for their live*. They will seek to uttrnct 
evmnaihy aud good will by developing tire 
proilur liveness of the ousts, nnd liy tire crea- 
tion of new oru-s, where they will form sin 
ttous for the relief of tire sic-k, for Die offer 
of hospitality to id I rumen, anil for the ref- 
uge ami proteellon of fugitive slaves. Their 
aim will Ire to afford practical demon stmtio*. 
of the benefits and advantages of civilkmUon, 
to preach by example the elements thereof, 
nnd to Dili* prepare tire ground for conver- 
sion lo CbriMiittiKy. The latter, although 
the [irim-iiHii olijrtrt, is the lust in order For 
Cardinal Lavigerk- propones that instead of 
pnwrlyDsni preparing tin: ground for the 
M-reis of civiii/alioa. it b tire element* of 
civilization which are to prepare the ground 
for the seeds of Christianity. Civilization 
will act as forerunner instead of following in 
Ure wake of the gospel, 

Tire lH'Hd(|Uurter" of the older are at llis- 
kra. on (lie Algrrian borders of the U rent Sa- 
hara Desert, mid were Solemnly consecrated 
by Cardinal loivigerle in the 'early part of 
1:1st moiiDi. The name of Die spot » M'snlln, 
wlilcli is the Arabic th-ognaiioit for a “ place 
of prayer." Tire estate contains a plantation 
of pultua Ri lull bearing, and is travenred ia 


part by a small irrigation canal, which Is tire 
share of the precious fluid it is entitled to 
from the neighboring town Great stretches 
of ground un \ In. wevet. uncultivated for wnnt 
of water, and measure* liave already been 
taken for hu recliiiiiaDon by the creation of 
an artificial supply A well was sunk to it 
depth of fifty threw metres, tin- water of 
which, declared to be practically Inexhaust- 
ible, rise* naturally to within thirty-two me- 
tres of the mouth of the well, and is Ifaerue 
raised by [lumps to lire surface. A second 
well has also been dug. lu order to provide 
auxiliary resources. Thn monk* will there 
fore be iralmd iu the methods of Sabnriun 
culture ns well as lu the use of anno, while 
the neighborhood of the illimilahle irvu of 
the di-Hcit will erinblc them to acquire the 
more ravage acrom|ilWinit nts of enmet-rid- 
ing mid hunting by practice. Tire house, 
occupy imr an area of seventy metre" by teu, 
with Die kitchen" anil offices m out- building", 
has the ground-floor solidly Imilt of stone In 
Stead "( tire Him dried muil brick* generally 
iistsl by the Arab" Tire choice of Biskra 
for tire headquarters of Dir order D a fortu- 
nate one, for the town, which is situated in 
an uuau. commands one of the principal 
routes of the Soudan. Tire town proper i* 
composed of one Urge street full of Europc-au 
huuws.snd intersected by a number of small- 
er blivet*. The oasis, which is five kilunre- 
trr* Ions ami half a kilometre bread, forms a 
forest of 1.10,000 palm tiees and -VHsi olive 
and fruit trct«. The population Is couno- 
[Kitiian, and include* Frencli, Tuuudana, 
Arab". Moors, and Israelite*. 

A few day* after the inaugural!: m of lire 
mother house of lire order at M’sidla the cer- 
emony of conrecnuing nod of administering 
the vows to the first hatch of these Warrior 
Monk* look place. The postulants were 
twelve In Dumber, every one of whom I*’- 
longed to the French aristocracy, and biul 
held the rank of officer in the army Among 
them are two young lleutenunl-coloncls of 
Die general staff, who had abandoned a hrill- 
iaul military career to dcvcAc their lives 
henceforth tu the good of humanity in Die 
most terrible of nil desert*. But probably 
the ratal notable of llinte neophytes was Dio 
Vieomte Guy do Britesc. one of the best- 
known and must [lopular of Parisian club- 
men lii* IfUmMOll ou tin- turf iu the 
owner of a small hut rxo^slingly choice «ta 
ble were only equulltd by Ids succt-SBc* in 
the *itzn* anti boudoirs of Die gay capita]; 
and if ever there lias been one who Im* mer- 
ited description an a spoiled child of fortune, 
Guy de Hriuuic wo* Die man A venr ago 
hts tfaaeJ*. whom Ire worshipped, died of a 
rapid decline— that st range reaisdy which 
seems to enhance nnd elhereuliz.e Die Ixwutv 
of It* victim*, and to illumine their eyes with 
a strange light. 

Sire rests In-tiesDi n snowy marlile ernas in 
the pretty little cemetery Diat nestles among 
the pine-trees at Arcaehr.n, ami to-dny In r 
Inver. Die pleasure - seeking, scepticnl, and 
worldly Gur de Rrinuic. who bnd ilbmpjvear 
cd from all III* acc«i»toined listmt* since her 
death, turns up at Biskra, on the lairder* of 
tire great dewrt, In Ibe guise of lire newly 
ctxiM-erated Warrior Monk* of the Sahara 

To Ihooe who are accuslomtvl to cnn*idcr 
tire life of a monk a* devoted entirely to 
prayer, fasting, meditation, and flagellation, 
tire inode of existence of the member* of 
Cardiual Lavigeric's newly founded order 
will ap|rear a stnuigv anomaly. Fasting is 
dispensed with altogether, and Die only diet- 
ary irstrictions imposed upon tire monk* 
are that they *ball invariably content them- 
selves with Dip fond of the rltetrtct to which 
they are assigned Thus, for instnnrc. in 
pliKO where it i* iinpoastblc to olMllin bread, 
they will have to he satisfied with dried 
dale*. There Is no fixed time appointed for 
tlieir devotion* They arc left free to pray 
when the spirit moves them to do so. and 
Sunday, in "tend of Bing applied lo solemn 
services, ix ob»err«l hr military drill und by 
rifle, sword, ami pistol [wactice. The rules, 
however, demand that Uicy ahwdd never 
sleep otherwise than fully dressed aud with 
llreir weapons beside them, bo a* to Ite nlwuy* 
ready for an emergency. The rules of tire 
order have boera formunled by (.'ardiusl 
vigerie liiuetelf. nnd every line of them con- 
tain* evldcuoe of ibe remarkable liberality. 
cnmmon-*cn*o. ami brcmltli of view of llreir 
illtiMrious autbor. a [wince of the Church 
who lure not considered It mul** to htsttgurate 
in Algeria dromedary nu-ts. with all the usu- 
al aci-iimpaoiiui-nt of hook makers, profes 
«onal bettor* and other analogous fungi of 
the turf, for the pur [him: of creating an incen- 
tive toward the improvement of tire luituml 
known a* the "ship nf the desert.” 

One of the principal feiUures of the cere- 
mony of the administering the vows to Ure 
monks consisted in the solemn blessing hy 
tbo cardinal of tlieir arms, of tlrelr equip- 
ment. and of their mtire or uniform The 
last consist* of a long white tunic, descend 
ing below the knee. W-ltcd at the waist, ami 
with a large red Maltese cross ou Die hn-ast. 
Tire pantaliMvn* are loom nnd l«*ggy. such a* 
those affected by the Turks of Die old school , 
a voluminous whin- burnoose hangs from Dio 
shoulder*, and on the lit-ad is a white [lith or 
straw helmet, surmounted on grand occa- 
sions hy a white plume, and cmbellishi-d In 
front with a red Maltese crota. The enure 
cost time W-ars soure analogy to tint with 
which Daudel invested the ccelc»in»tic* who 
accotniuiuied Die tit moil* ex[H.-ditiuo of the 
immortal Tnrtarin dc Tarascon It should 
he added that, except wlren on the move or 


wlren fighting, they will (nvnriahly wear tire 
veil of white or black cloth, covering both 
the u<i*c and tire mouth, which b in u>« 
among tire Tuareg tribe* Tlresc veils, wbirli 
art- th-il loosely at the hat:k of the head, pro- 
tect the inouUts atwl nostrils from Die terrf. 
bio glare, and from tire und during the dc* 
ert Moms. 

It is amoog these Tuaregs, tire most firn-e. 
bliKid thirxiy" fanatic, and untamable of nil 
Moorish races in Africu. that tlrelr lot is to I*- 
east. They proceed among them with tire 
knowledge that every one of the unarmed 
missionary priest* who have gone before 
during the Inst thn* decade* have been 
cruelly put lo death. They profera lire most 
intolerant, bigoted, and fanatical Molismme 
dariinu. aud hold all luterraune or rouUct 
with a Christian hh sinful in ibe sight of the 
PruphcL It U fficir irreconcilable Iwwilliiy 
which reuder* all project* For Die eonalroc- 
tion of the great trans>ahnran railroad im 
poreible: sod It is worthy of note that the 
onuns which it is prn|M>H*l (fiat the Warrior 
Monk* should occupy, hold, und develop are 
precisely those situated along the route of 
tire contemplated line of railroad. The Tu- 
areg* arc all mctnlwr* of tire fietreuHi frater- 
nity. a sect which not only hold* that tt is 
wicked to salute. Bpeak.or trade with imlie- 
liever*. hut also Diat it is lawful and even 
godly to rob und kill every Christian they 
duet 

There mom to lie no lack of voluniecra. 
or. to »jnrak more correctly, of pnstulanU for 
atlmiuten to the new onier of the Warrior 
Monks of Dm Sahara Over one hundred 
and thirty have already strived nt Biskra, 
and have commenced tlieir novitiate, which 
I* destined to Inure them to Die hardship* of 
desert life. Few of tlu-m are without a 
more <>r lean romantic history, and there la 
more than one who baa treen led lo lake tire 
vows of the order hy rircuinstencra a* tragi- 
cal a* this*' whk'h Impelled Die hrilliant 
Marquis dc 11 re-court, who died a eoilple of 
Week* ago, to uBiiinic the habit of a friar. 
au<l to become the humble night porter of 
Die monastery at the Grande ('hartreute 
M dv Hrwairt. coming home one day from n 
shooting expedition, and finding blmM-lf un 
h ble to Extract lire cartridge from hi* gam. 
discharged it into a thicket His only 
daughter hnpireurel to la- standing lieliinii ]{. 
nnd was kilted on the spot. Curiously 
enough, the day [Kirier of Dm: Grande Char 
trcii'v. who died wkiltlu a few day* of tlic 
Marquis de Brecourt, was a man who In hoc 
tilar life hud Iwelt still inorij widely known, 
nnd wlioHC nsmo figure* ptumlucoliy in 
modern Euro|H.-an history; (nr. prior to hr* 
conversion to Cnilio)l<-l*m by Bisliop l)u[>*n 
loup. be wo* one of the most famous gem. i 
uU of Die KuBsiiui army, and was command 
or in chief during the Csucaxiiui cairi|xti£ti 
which resulted in the subjugation and over- 
throw of fldtamyl. 

Two days after pronouncing their vow*, 
which, Instead of being lukeu for life, in- 
limited to a term of five year*, renewable at 
will, five of the Warrior Monks started out 
for WnrgU. an important oast* ateait three 
liundml miles to the south of Biskra It 
is there that the first of the armed Blatloim 
projected by Cardinal Larigrrie is to Ire es- 
tablished. It is entirely surrounded by rend, 
a green Mand iu nu ocean of fire. Tire sec- 
oed station will beat the oasis of Moi Jonah, 
near Die Morocco frontier, wbteb U travcrM-d 
by all the greul slave ntravuu* coming from 
tire ‘•null, and which has acquired a peciil 
iurly evil name, owing lo Die fact of it* being 
tire place wlrere lads are mutilated lo remler 
them fit for set vice u* uuardlaus uf lire vu 
rioua harems througlsout tire Mohammedan 
world- More tliun fifty [ivrcenl. ticrish from 
him of Mood, which i* "UncJitd In Die niotit 
primitive tnanirer. «. e . by burying them for 
the space of four-aml-twonty boiira up to 
Ibeir nei ks iu the lmrning hot sum], leaving 
only their Irewd* exjiored to the torturing 
bite* of tire iusccts, ami to the scorching rays 
of the sun. Il is here where the military 
training of the Warrior Monk" will I* brought 
lute full play. For tire slave -dealers arc 
sure to make a haul fight to prevent the • * 
Ubllshment within Du- narrow limit* of tire 
utsis of u fortified "taliou where every slave 
who is aide to effect hi* or her c"cspc from 
their cruel Iramlx is certain lo liud u refuge 
and protection 

Tin: slare-dcwlcrs, however, extend llreir 
activity even lo the very draws of Biskra, 
which, ns slated above, is built on an nasi*, 
mid one of the most dramatic fi-ature* nf the 
ccreni: my of the cousccraiiou :-f the monks 
wire wlren Cardinal I^vigerie led to tire altar 
u little brown ulrl tmrely nine years old. who 
had surawlt*] in concealing i tnrM, and in 
effecting Iter escape fmm a slave rnrnvan 
[Hteslng Dirnugii the desert n few miles to the 
south of Biskra. A sudden movement nf 
tile child caused her lo drop something that 
she was tinkling concealed 1 b neuth tlie fold* 
of her iljebba. The venerable prolate bun 
down and raised il from Dir ground It was 
a Maul! dusky bund— tbo hand of the little 
girl who stood beside him. and which in 
Sheer wanton cruelty hod been cutoff br her 
captors. Hokling it aloft, and pointing It 
southward toward (he great Sahara, while 
with bi* own trend he raised the child'" arm. 
so that all present could m-c the mangled 
stump, tire cardinal exclaimed, in lOMS which 
seemed to ring forth as a clarion: " I would 
to God that till Europe could sen this link- 
Irend! May It serve te direct your line of 
march. An uniuf for God, for France, and 
for humanity I” 





Digitized by Google 





JUNE «, 1891. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


429 



VICTOR RAPES, OOUMRIA. 
Ilu lining Hrwnl Jump, 2J II]. 



LLOYD UOLUR COLtniBIA. 
Mila Walk, 7.01 1. 



A. 8. VOSWROII, roLl'MBIA. 
Ualf -Mild, I.M], 



UKRiiKirr rates. comnbia. 

120-jan] llunlla, 10J. 





1L 8. I1ALK. IIARVAKU 
Mild Walk, 4»H|. 


J. R. PINLAY. IIARVAltll. 
llnnmxr, loll V 


JAMBS P. t.KR, HAHVAUU 
XfO-vnnl llnnllra, !1|. 
WorllV HixonL 





OEOlMiK IL PEA KINO. HARVARD. 

Bnnliicg High Jamp, A t|. 


K. B. BLjOBR. HARVARD. 
Running Hap, 8 top, ami Jaiup, 44 It]. 


K IV KYHKK, TALK. 
Puld Vault, 10 7). 



KHNKST 8 KAMSHU.U MUNCBIVN. 


Banning ltruail Jump, 22 A. 




IIENHY U WILLIAMS, TALE. 
I mi>1 Hurdle, 1S|. 
Wwld'i ICfconl 


R II. DAVIS, HARVARD 

I mllr llk-ji-ld, II, 01 . 



C. O- vv KLI>, AMHERST. 
Bile Ran, 4.2!'] 


(ilRiRJIK R HIIATm K. A Mil KIIST. 
ynnrtormlto, I'J], 


W U WRIUIIT, Jt'JC., YALE 
11*11 mile, I.M'J 


COLLEGE CIIASUMON8.— 18b* 1*aok 430.] 


Digitized by Google 



430 


HARPER S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV ^ NO. 17ft?. 



HuN WILKINSON OATX, OF FIOWDA. 
hmwMvnin n Bn t, W»*w»onii>, 


SENATOR CALL’S RE-ELECTION. 

Arrm a lone run) exciting contest In tin* 
State Legislntiin Wilkinson Cull *m elect- 
cd to mkxmsxI liimsM-lf »* Untied Starrs Stu- 
mor from Florida It hn* lieen a time lion 
nrcxl ntle in tire Stain tlwt lire Democratic 
candidate must receive turn third* of lire cnu- 
ctt* rote before Ire i» ofllclally rocoguiitxl ns 
llir |«rtv nominee. The unucn* decided to 
adhere to tills rule at their fif>! meeting, and 
ninety ballot* wen* taken without any one 
rwviviDg I lie required nrm)fMrity. Mr. Call 
was supported by a mnjority of tire Dcumv 
< rat* (luring nil lire arsttions, l«Jt liis oppo- 
nents were equally Dim. and tire coolest lore 
been mn*t exciting At length it wn» decid- 
ed to abandon tire caucus ami throw tire con- 
test into Uir Legislature. which was ncnr ad- 
journment by limitation of the Constitution. 
A majority was tire only requisite to tlrttlon 
in tire joint suasion, nod on Mny 26th die 
Stale Assent hi v nnd Senate met. and Mr. 
Call rweivnl fitly line vote* nut of fifty-four, 
am] the President of the Sennit' declared Mr. 
Call elected, A number of anti-Call Sena- 
tors were not prtwnl. nntl a quorum of llir 
Senate was lacking, but tire joint session 
(unturned a majority of all member* elretrU 
t«i the Legislature. 

Wilkinson Call wa* born in numrllville, 
Kentucky. January 9, 1831. lie went l« 
Florida in early life, anil beenme a lawyer. 
In 1865 he was eleeleil United Slides Senator 
from Florida, but owini; to the subsequent 
passage of live reronslraciiou act wna not 
allowed to take 111* sent. In 1879 bo was 
again elected, and wna seated Mnrrb fitli of 
that year, succeeding Simon B. Conover, a 
Republican. In 18*3 he was returned, and 
hi* term expired mi March %1 of this year. 
«oc® which time Id* friends have been fight- 
ing In elect bim for a third lerm. 


1NTERCOLLEQIATE 

CHAMPIONS- 

Tins article does not Include what records 
these men may have made on Mnv 30th. 
They will be found under " Amateur Sport." 

Henry L. Williams. Yale, is a fine speri- 
men of an nil- round athlete lie is nearly 23 
year* old. height 6 feet, and weighs, stripped, 
175 Mm. Never engaged in any athletic 
games Irefore going l<i college IhiI plnvnl 
linlf twek oo Ills school foot- Isill team. His 
fil'd games were in tbc spring of hi* Fteali- 
mun year, when lie won the ISO ynrd burdle. 
allot. Inroad and high jump*, and took at«ond 
in tire hummer; and two weeks later, at the 
Intercollegiatu Ctiamp*ou*liii>*. be ran second 
to lierliert Mupcs in the high hurdle* in 17} 
In the Sophomore gantee the f>i| lowing year 
ho won tire high and hmad Jumps and both 
hurdle events, and nt tire university games 
the same week won him* first and four sec- 
owls. At the Intercollegiate Championships 
the same year lie run second to Herbert 
Mapns in IhiIIi himlles— time 16| and 39! “c- 
finds. In June of the same year lie won first 
in llie 130 hurdles at Rustem Championship 
of A. A. I!., and later the all-round cham- 
pionship of Yah*. In tlie spring of VO, hie 
Junior year, lie won tlur broad jump and 
Ixilb hurdles in his college games At the 
Berkeley A, C. gomes, May 17. VO. ho won 
tlie 120 yard hurdle in 16 second*. defeating 
11. Mapes, and establishing an Amerinm 
record equal to tlie world's tin the same 
day he tun second by a rani lit tlie low 
hurdles to J. I*. |#uc when Ik- made his reu- 
onl of 35j seconds. At tin- Inlr-icnllrglatc 
Ciiamplonsliipi the week following lie non 
tlie 120 hurdles oguinst wind in 10} second*, 
and again ran second to Irer in the 320 liur- 
dies, who made a new record of 23 J sruondi. 
Lust Septemlier i27llil, at Montreal, he won 
tlie Canadian climuptoiiships for tlie 131) hur- 
dle in 16 seconds, nml lias touched lltat rec- 
ord several limes this spring, lie bn* played 
font-ball every year since be etilerud college; 
was sutatitutc half back oo the 'varsity eleven 


in Ids Jnninrvenr. and regular half hack lost 
fall. U« played In tbc first hnlf of the Har- 
vard game lost year. He bits rowed on class 
crews every spring, and dm* a considerable 
amount of swimming in Giunmvr. so that lie 
Is kept pretty much iu training die entire year, 
lie dm-* not smoke, and U 35 lbs. heavier 
than w hen he entered college. 

.Tome* P. line ran his firs* race on Mar 14. 
7W. Ju*t five years ago. a 230-yatd Hal given 
muter tlie auspices of the Berkeley Sc) tool, 
abd open to the school. boys of New York 
city only, He won it in 24} seconds. The 
following Saturday he won the 230 and 130 
hurdle*, broad jump, and high jump, at tlie In 
leraeholnstic games. From that time to this 
lie has boon more or lew actively engaged 
during the spring tenant)*, lull baa done hut 
little running in comparison with athletes 
living in New York city. College athletics 
bare always claimed hi* interest a great deal 
more than the quarrel* of city club*. He 
lux* been on the Harvard Moll Ilnven Team 
lire tbiee years tliat he has tirrn in college, 
sod upon Ore ’vnraily foot-bull and Ilia chin* 
Ixttc hall trams for die like time. He tut* 
competed in hut one A. A. U- championship 
meeting, ami then won tbc 290 yard* In a 
rain strum, Sherrill bring nclnac second (June 
1.1(410) lllacaiwrili bunding, though short- 
er-lived. is more highly satisfactory than that 
in sprinting. Lost year be took up hurdling 
throe weeks before the Intercollegiate game*. 
With one week's prartiee he easily won at 
the Manhattan gnmes from ait Hyanl handi- 
est p In 26} seconds- At tlie nerkcley game* 
tlie week following he went back to 01-11*1011. 
winning Id* trlnl heal In 83{ soennds, tlie 
final in ill second*. both Irreuking the old 
record. The following week, at tlKi Inter 
collegiate Championship, be won tlie same 
event in 25} secomls. About ten days ago — 
May 22<l— lie ran the 220 hurdle in 24} sec- 
ond*, an astonishing performance that pula 
the record probably l«*>«nd the mtcli of uny 
athh-le of to flay. Ixc ho* likewise a brill- 
iant career on tbc gridiron field. For sever 
*1 sensons lie has lieen on tlie 'varsity eleven, 
ami last fall, at Springfield, lit the Yale game, 
scored a tnucfulown, after » U-nuiiful rtiu 
lltat l>ei|)rd to give hi* college the first font- 
Iml) victory over Yale In year*. He weigli* 
1*M> llw . is 5 feet 10 inches in height, nnd 
w ill be 21 years of age tlm mouth. His best 
performance* are; Hit) rarda, 10} second*. 
Beacon Pork. June, 1800; 230. 21 1 from 2 
yards at Princeton. Mny 9lh; al*u 22 aecotKls 
nrwl 22} from scratch iii trials at Cambridge, 
Mav 23d; 220 hurdle*. 25}, Mar 31, VO; 
liigli Jump. G feet 1(1 Incht-a, Ladies' Day. 
N. Y. A. t.'.. IIW0. 

R H. Oavk* fir*t rode nt the open meeting 
of tlie “ Veloce Club di Ilologoa, ilolr-gna, 
Italy, in 1846. It was a 10 kilom. wnleL 
I'liUl the lost two year* hatulimp* were prar- 
ticullj unknown in ltnlv. although the sjxirt 
of cycling had and has almost ns gTeiit n hold 
ns in the 1' tilled Slate*. The llaliiuis, who 
have no other form of out door spurt. HtnU 
horse* nud " pallonc." a *ort of hnnd-hnll, 
I'M* to cycling keenly. The roads :tre very 
fair, tin- cutric* of a gorsl claw, and a ftrai- 
rale rate meeting always draws. Durblivni 
on tiro CoritkiK'iit lor ten yoxnt. between hi* 
fifth and sercnluenlh year*. ami r<s)e in many 
races, winning un nil nrdioury wheel smtic 
distance events, the only one* in which lie 
lma ridden iu fast lime. 

In September. 18*7, he entered Harvard, 
nnd nt the Frmhronn game* lowered tlie col- 
lege record (2 mile*) from 0.38 to 0.18. 
nml nt the ’vanity gome* to 0 09J. In the 
spring he rude on the llarvnrd teuln at the 
Intcrcollegiiiie Cliamplonsiilpsin New York, 
winning. In llie summer lie rode at Buf- 
falo. winning the only two open wifely 
event* — one scratch, the other handicap <3 
miles), starling 00 lire l40-ynr«l tuHrk— and 
also n»1e second twice and third once in the 
tandem safety events, this living the first 
time be hast ridden n safety on the track. 
At Hartford he won the mile safety handi- 
cap from Ncratch in 2 46. beating ('list, and 
breaking tbc amateur American record. The 
same <Uy lie rude a mile with Crist on a tan- 
dem Mfetv without pace-makers in 2.411. 
Iwraklngtlic Urea existing world s tandem bi- 
cycle record of 2.57 bjf the Banker brother* 
nt lox-kpwt. In lWit be rode at the Intercul- 
legists' Champio€iKlii|M, iml ws* disqualilbsl 
on a foul, but mode 0.01 in n trinl heat, which 
still stands a* an intercollegiate record. He 
also rode a couple of lime* mi the Padding- 
ton track at London, making 3L35g frum the 
50 ynxil mark =2. 30 J —hi* fastest time in a 
race, l-wt year be won tire bicycle race in 
tire championship at New York. Tills sum- 
loer Davis experts In ride in the Italian 
Safety Chanipkwisblpj. 

It. S. Ilnln began hi* nililctic career in 1884 
a* » wrestler While at school be won prizes 
at wrestling, hoxing. high tun) brand jumping, 
and pole vaulting. In iM8fl he won lib school 
championship for tire mile walk in 9 minutes. 
5} seconds. In W7 he cnlcrtsl llarvnrd. 
and won several prizes in jumping nnd pole- 
vaulting, but laler »n* oliliged to give up all 
form* of athletic exercise. In I lie fall of 
1890 he again appeared in lire mile walk at 
tire II. A. A., M. A. C,, aixl Salford Harrier* 
grinres In Boston. Iml wa* discpulifird for 
running. I-ater. in the B. A. A games, be 
finished first, with 25 seennds' start on Bnr- 
«Wn, In the II. A A. fall game* Ire won 
the mile walk from scratch in 6 50} In the 
Harvard clnsa games. April 2* 1801, Hale 
cstnhlidMxl a new collegiidc record of 0 mirt 
utej. 56} seronda, lire walking being judged 
by J. S. Latli top and E. E. MerrilL tire lat- 


ter for many vram champion amateur walker 
of America, ami judge of walking nt iiiimer- 
ous athletic meetings, Mny 2d he won the 
walk at lire II. A A. games, and In lire Ynle- 
Harvard game* on May tCih. Hale* walk- 
ing has been frequently critidsed. As a 
matter of fact, he has been disanaliflrd four 
time* in twelve races, once by McEwcn and 
three times by Merrill, of which two were at 
tbc finish of clone races. Hale's style looks 
peculiar, owing to his exceedingly abort 
■triile and lack of hip action, hut it is coo- 
aidcml perfectly fair hy good Judges. Ilo 
I* 31 years old. 5 fed 9 indre* in hcigiit, and 
weighs 103 lb*. 

The linio E. D. Ryder appeared mitaldc of 
bb college gnmes was at the Intercollegiate 
Cbnmplooshlpa last year, when he created 
great surprise by vaulting n tie with Herbert 
Walsh. Columbia, at 16 feet 7 Itrebea Pre- 
vious to that lime he wa* very llule known; 
in fact, not nt all ouUitle of New Haven. He 
has been entered In a number of games since 
then, but haa never succeeded in getting ns 
high aa be did in that Intercollegiate cham- 
pionship 

William B Wright, Jim .bail quite an ath- 
letic reputation Iwfure Ire entered Yale, for 
fluring his last two years in lire preparatory 
school he played font-ball, nnd took twelve 
prizes in jumping nnd nutting the shot, ami 
one for the uw van I dnsn. At the Interacbo- 
lostie meeting of Boston schools held at Soalli- 
homugb, Massachusetts, in June, 1888, he se- 
cured tlie runolug nnd standing broad lump, 
standing high jump, ami the sliot. In his 
Freshman year, at lire university gnmes. held 
ten days previmi* to the intermlirginte ran- 
ted, Ire took second in the 440 ysrfL* in 53|. 
At Ilia intercollegiate gnmes this snnre year 
he won second in hi* trial heal in the 410, 
with Downs of Harvard first, ami in the 
final took fourth place. Dultm of Prince 
ton winning Hist in 50 stt>iiids. During Id* 
Sophomore year lie wa* greatly hnnriimppcd 
by astraiDed knee, nnd unable to I e-gin train- 
ing until about tire first week In Mnrdt. At 
hi* clam gamra. however, be won first ill Ihc 
quarter ami second at the unixersity contests. 
At the intcrrallegiale games Im- wft’n Iii* trial 
bent. Iml wa* boxed in the final, nnd ouly 
ii>;*k fifth place. In the Yale all-round 
eliamptonship games in Juire, 1800. Ire won 
third plnce. Lost fall, while (raining fur the 
fool-ball team, lie brake hi* collar- lionc, nnd 
since then bn* devoted lilnirelf entirely to 
running. TbU siwlng he has mil run very 
IiiiicIl At the Vale llarrnnl games. May 
BWh. he ran n very close second t» White oil 
a heavy track in 3.1)1}. On tire 23d he ran a 
trlnl to lower the Yule half mile record of 
3.031 (unde by Hinckley in 'hO. he 1)111*111x1 
in 3.01}. 

J. R Finlay went to Harvard in '87. Pre- 
vious to that vein lie had lived must of hi* 
life nt Colorado S priligH, ( '■ i|> irrwto. wlretc he 
played on n lorn) foot-lmll eleven. He tie- 
gun playing fuut I mil as soon as he entered 
Harvard, and got on tlie ’varsity, though 
sutwe<|ueiitly lnul oil because <if an iiIsm r«*i 
on the car. Hu played with the Freshman 
temn uguinst Yale, however. In lire winter 
of that year Ire began practising putting lire 
slxx. and in a few week* got It to S3 fuct 
In 'H8 he rowed on the Freshman and 'var 
sity cteWB In the clasa races, and ngnlust 
3‘ale. In the fall of tin: **me year br plnytsl 
f'Mjt ball until laid up w ith water un the knee. 
In ’89 rowed on the ‘varsity. and won tire col 
lege chamniundiip in sculling, which be bns 
unrc Ireld. List fail. Noventlier 2»l. Ire 
rewcbial tlambiidge off a trip fmm Nova 
ticotfa, ami on tlie following ditv played in 
the game which gave tire fooi tmli ehainpran- 
sliip to his rlns* He then liegnn training 
with tire 'vanity eleven, and ployed ngnlust 
Yale on IImi 23fl Ijist Ihcemls'i' he Iwgiiu 
prudising shot-putting, mid aoua reached IfH 
feet. Ili« Imx 4 |mt wa* May 10th. in tire Har- 
vard-Yule gnnM-*, when lie reu< bed 40 feel. 
Hu began throwing the hammer March 2Gtli, 
never having gone into tbc game la-fore. 
May 10th he threw it 10* fed 5 inch**, break- 
ing’ (lie burn college record, and coining with- 
in a couple of inches of Ibe wmhlV 

George It. Feuring* alhiulic debut wa* 
prolaihlv more- brillmnt than that of any 
ollrer college man in tire country. At lire 
InterKbotaniicCliam|>loii*hipganre«of 188ft. 
belli nt Berkeley Oval, this scbfxil hov. rep 
resenting CutlerX unjrturvd four first prize* 
fram g««>d men. He took (lie high Jump nt 
5 feet 8} inches, tire I20 vaixl hurdle* in 10} 
seconds, the quarter mile run in 54} seconds, 
nnd tire half mile run ill 2 05} — extremely 
trood performances, every utic uf them. 
.Shortly after lie entered Harvard Ire won tin 
in-door running high jump ofT hoards nt 5 
feet ID} inchi's. which at that iIiih' was the 
next lie*t to Page's floor record of 0 fret. On 
April I2tb of mune yuur Ire won the BK)0 
yard run at the tu-dour championship games 
IreUI at Ilustun, meeting some of the iwst mm 
of tire New York cIiiIm. A little Inter l May 
23d), at hi* college games, he Jumped $ feet } 
inch. He won tire jump easily at the inter- 
collegiate Cliampiiiiidii|M last year, a* well 
a* running n couple of hurdle nui*. Tills 
s|>riiig. at tin* in-door cunre* of tire Boston 
Athk-lic Association. Sc ik-mcd 6 feet 2} 
inclre*. which is tire world's record for 
board*, ami a marrcUou* performance He 
has twit slniwn rs|>e<;iiilly giwxl jumping form 
since ilreu, hut lux* been devoting quite a bit 
of time In tire hurdles, high and low. mid 
mode some very good races He i* 11 natural 
athlete, and Irehlilus Irelng a diampion at run- 
ning high jumping, is u first class performer 
iu tire middle dlriances and over the stick*. 


Ernest 8. lUmodell. Princeton College, nnd 
A C.8-N.. made his delxit a* n runner nt the 
first games of the Cape May Athletic Club. 
May 2M, 1887, wlren* bo won tbc 100-ynxd 
diudi fur Inys under seventeen years of age 
In 11 second*, following it up by winning 
the snnre rare lire next September. Since 
that time Ire lu»* won about seventy prizes, a 
great iiumtier nf which, however, were in iu- 
tcracholastie cortical*, winning for bb pra 
pan tory school — the Gerrawntown Academy 
— at tire sports of the Inters endemic Athletic 
Association of Pltilndrlptiis on June 2. 1801). 
no less Ilian nine first prUes, and breaking 
three record*. HU fits* noteworthy per- 
formance was at the open gnmc* of tlio Ath- 
letic Club of tire Schuylkill Navy in lire 
summer of 1880. when he won the hrneul 
Jump with an actual lump of 21 feet 10 inch- 
es. Since then Ire ha* twice competed in 
championship games, winning tire lirnad 
Jump nt the Eastern Cliamplouahip*. held at 
Htaten Ixluml Juire 28, I860, with a Jump of 
23 foot 0 inch**: ami at tire National Cham 
piousbip*. Washington, Octnlier It. 189t). Ire 
took second to A. F. Copland, who broke tire 
world's record vritii a jump of 83 f«t 3} 
liicbcs, Rnimdell tumping 23 feet 5} inches. 
He Ires lieen ill this spring, and not able to 
do himself justice; but Home good work i* 
expected of Dint iu tire falL 

The athletic career of George B. Sliattuck 
has been confined alrooit wholly to the track. 
It lieguii at Philll|W (Andover) Academy . un 
der tire direction of Mr. Felice, tlre’well- 
known Yale runner of 88. As a stimulus 
to athletic work, lid* gentleman offered a 
bnudanrae silver cup to tlie winner of a 12- 
milc cross-country run. Slmtiuck enlerrd 
in IliU rmrr, nnd fininlred fir*t in 1 hour 48 
minute*. A few days Inter, in tire school 
game*, he took first in liw 10*> yaids. III* 
time Iwlng 11} M-cund* 

In tire following fall lie entered Amherst 
College, and during his first year there did 
hot niter prominently into athletics. In Ibe 
fall of 18*9 he took firt In tire college ganre*. 
nml won first place in the quarter mile nnd 
830-yard dnahes. lowering tire college record 
of 2-5| aeuonds in the latter to 85 seeoud*. 
After careful Inditing during lire winter of 
1880, lie mine upon the track in tire spring 
ill fine condition, lie was nt once put to 
work liy tire college trainer on the quarter 
mile, atul he has devoted himself in tltat dis- 
tance ‘inoe Liret year, nt tire Berkeley game*, 
lie arcunxl tire 441) in M| aronids. Tun d*V* 
Inter lie won the wiuiu event nt Wornwler in 
52} seconds. 11c wo* defeated nt Moll Hnvuu 
shortly afterward, however, by Downs, of 
Harvard. LoM fall, in IiIh college gnmes, lie 
wa* an easy winner in lire 220 nnd 441) ynid 
rlaj.be*. also taking a place In the 12D hurdle 
rare ami running high jnmp, At tire New 
Eiicliinii ituercolli'giate me*'!, May 27lh, lie 
won tire quintet in 50} second* He liohls 
college rururd* in 220 yards. 23] seconds; 
in 440 yawl*. 52| seconds; nnd 51)0 yani*. 1 
minute' and 14 seconds. 

E. I). Bins*, iiugon hi.* athletic mreernt Phil 

lip* (Eirter) Academy, wlrere. In tlie spl it):; 
games of '!«, be sent in his entry merely tn 
fill out lire eTunU He surprlwsl liimsrlf 
pmhably n* much a* any one wlren. on com- 
peting, Ire broke Ibe sebiwil jumping rrronls. 
Since lltat time bo has devoted Itim-clf to tlur 
running brand and nratiing hop. step. nn<l 
jump, nud with nncceo*. Lu*t year lie enter 
* si llnrrard. ntid in the fall cstnltiishcil a new 
College record of 31 feel 10 indie* for tlie 
running broad jump, and on Octnlier 8N. W). 
an Amerirnli record «if 41 fert 11) inrhes for 
tire hop. step, ami jump. Tills performance 
wa* made late in lire nflrritoun on a cold, 
raw day. nnd the rlmiiee* are good he would 
have (tone Irettcr litul tin* condllloii* been 
mntp rtmducixw to jumping. In form hu 
weighs 140 tire., but at present it light, hav- 
ing lieen ill this spring. He ha* not been 
doing himself justice lately, but will prnb 
ably do well in tire fall. 

Tire Mapes boys and Columbia College 
athletics are cutiteinpunitreoua. Two of 
tlrem. long since graduated, were sprinters in 
tlreir liny, nud have ever *incr rrtninral an 
active 1 11 1 crest Iii tire u/wur miiier. One of 
tlrem i* the mo*t skilful performer over lmr 
dies in the country, and lire youngest has a 
liroad Jump record of 82 feet 9 indie*. Her 
hurt U 23 years old nnd weigh* about 140 
)b< He made his first appearance in ath- 
letic" in 14i, nnd gave evidence at once of 
unusual ability. In 1888. luiwever, he first 
distinguished "himself by winning the 120 
yard hurdle event at tbc Intrreollogiate 
CliampioiiHlripx m 17} ws-oful*. which wn* 
within a fifth of tire tlren existing recurvl. 
and running second tii Copland in lire N, A. 
A. A. Champiraitidps in InmH hurdle evuntt* 
He made great improvement, nnd in '8ft lie 
won lire 130 -yard hurdle in 16} seconds, ami 
the Uft-jrard hurdle in 36| seconds, e*.tah. 
fishing new intcrroUeginle records in each 
invlance. In tho Berkeley Athletic C)ul> 
game*. May 17. 1H> be fimthed second, by 
one yard, to II. L William* ill the 120 varil 
liiinih — time, 10 semads, the world's record. 
Two week* Inter Ire nml William* again 
came lop ether In lire high hurdles at lire In 
Icrcnllrgintu Cliampion*lii|», ami again lie 
ran second by about live name distance in 
10} seconds again*l tire wind. At tire Co- 
lumbia College gatnr* this year Ire won the 
130 hurdle iu 181 second*, and the 230 hur- 
dle in 2ft| srcoficls, making new college rt-w- 
un.l*. At tlie Berkeley games. May 10th, he 
won tire 130- yard luinlle in 16} second)*, 
Ire«l year lie was not iu lire be*» of form, 
uotwHb»Ukoding hi* good performance*, he 



JUNE 0, WM. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


431 


*m not rin’>ng. and had a weak lrg. Thi* 
year he I* elrooger than lie- ever was, anil 
ought to make a very close race wuh Wil- 
liams MU form in hurdling i* beautiful; 
hr skims orcr the sticks with a rapidity 
and skill that are not apprisu'lx-d by any 
oilier athlete. Me la captain of the college 
athletic team thU year, and has put the men 
in better shape than they have been in in many 
years, lie bos won 23 first prixc* In Colum- 
bia College game*. and in nil about 73 prixrs. 

Victor Mnpea is a couple of years younger 
than Herbert, and weigh* ISO llw. He lias 
devoted himself entirely to sprinting and 
brood - jumping, showing fir** class in the 
former and championship form in the latter. 
In 'St won his college broad jump. 81 feet 
2) Incite*. Took third place >*ine year in 
Interonllegmlm with 30 feet— rainy day— 
Bitenrman winning first with SO fed 9 inrh- 
«•*. In spring of H9 he Jumped 31 fiat 9} 
inches, lutercnllegiatm. name year, tied 
Shearman for first place at 21 foot fl inches, 
noil was beaten lu Jump off. Last year he 
was running 100 yards in ithout 10|. mid hi* 
I test running bn. ’ad Jump, made at the Inter- 
collegiate Championships. wa* 21 feet 10| 
iociiea. where he took second to Doh in. This 
year, like Ills brother, he appears to he murk 
stronger. Several time* he bus run in time 
equal to 10] for the 100 yards, ami in the 
Slat CD Island came* Imi won tbc 100 in 10} 
seconds from the half-yard mark. Attire M. 
A C. same* recently he won the 100 yard* in 
10 wcouds from 2.) yards, healing Cary, lie 
has also shown greatly improved form in the 
blond jump, having done 22 feet 9$ inches 
in hi* college games, when he also won the 
280 in 22 1 second*. It is report**! he will 
retire from athletics after this season, and if 
so. Columbia will lose one of her best and 
most desirable athlete* 

Lloyd Collla is another Columbia twin wlw> 
I* show lug greatly improved form this year 
Previous 1<I the Intercollegiate Champion- 
ship* of HO he bad not attracted cspreial 
niilloe, tlioucli In; had made Some excellent 
performances for the novice that he wo*. 
Won the lalcracholastie walk in 'HR In the 
intrmdiegMlr gome* of >9 he walked un- 
placed, lu the' spring of |n*t year be won 
Hie Columbia scratch walk, and lu the Inter- 
ml leg late Cham piunriiipa he was disqualified, 
fur ruuulng. when second, four yurda frotu 


the tape, in a close and exciting race. Dur- 
ing the past winter he ha* done a consider- 
able amount of armory walking in handicap 
event*, nnd this spring lias developed greater 
*p«d than h« ever showed. HU best lime 
up to date is 7,011. made recently at tbc C.C. 
X. Y. games. lie also won ami broke the 
Columbia record at the college game* In 7 
minutes 4 second* He is walking strong 
and fair, ami should make a good record for 
himself before the end of the season. He is 
twenty year* of age. weighs 180, 6 feet II 
indies, and has won 32 nrixea. 

C. O. Wells was first bean! of In the mile 
run at the New England Intercollegiate games 
of 'fi9. He won this event in excellent lime, 
but not good enough to give any warning of 
the surprise he was to inuke at the chum 
plonalilp game* a week Inter. He was a de- 
cided mirk horse, nnd when on the home 
stretch lie ran away from tin- lender* a* though 
they were standing still, and finished in4min 
ules 29J second*, be took nwav the breath 
of collegian* In that name fad he ran sec- 
ond to A. H. George in the championship 
game* in 4 minutes and 88 seconds, and fin- 
ished in poor form. Last year he woo the 
Intercollegiate mile again In 4 minute* 80| 
seconds. This year, in what running he has 
done, he him not shown championship form, 
though winning llie New England intercol- 
teiriale mile on the 27lh in wimelliiug over 
4.40. It I* a fact, however, that lie appears 
Dcvcr to bo in hi* liest form until he comes 
to New York for the Intercollegiate Cham- 
pionship*. 

Arthur Seymour Voshurgh i* twenty-two 
years old. 5 feet lli inches in height; In con- 
dition weigh* 142 111*. Started running in 
Ibe spring of ’Ml, aud won the mile run, 
breaking the Columbia College record. In 
the fall of the mine year again broke the rec 
Old for the mile, ft' on tbo half mile at the 
S.I.A.C. games in 1 minute .18 seconds from 
the 30 yard mark, and was nt«t in the mile 
run of the Orange Athletic Club games. In 
the same year, at the Intercollegiate, ran sec- 
ond to Downs In half mile run. bring bcnlen 
by a yard. Did not run the next year owing 
to III health. At the Columbia Col lege game* 
Ibis spring won the half-mile in 2 minutes 
1 second, breaking the Columbia College rec- 
ord. Has won about 20 prints. 



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Cornell srcnrel nne print la Hi* (SO-juU liunte*, and SwarttinHir* on* In pole vault, Flret place count* 
lire points; Miaul,t»u; slid tblnl. ore. 


When this coma set forth two weeks 
ago that ■■nntwillirtaDiling the fact that Har- 
vard is absolutely certain of winning first in 
the Intercollegiate Championships on tire 
Both. aod by a larger score than that of any 
previous year." we were prepared to sIIhm 
«..inc extremely interesting contests and a 
few broken records. Who will say be ex- 
) meted to see ten new Intercollegiate record* 
established, aud two of them world s records* 
Such a se« of gomes ha* nrver Ix-en seen lu 
till* country. Every event. with the exception 
of the quarter mile, when Shattuck ran away 
from (lie rest, was hotly contested to the very 
tape, the leaders finishing with very little div 
tiincc between them, Tlic summing up in 
ibis column two weeks ago. ‘ It look* this 
year ns though the score might run on the 
iii gilt of the Until : Ilarvnnl. 45 to 50; Y’nlr. 
20; Columliio. 10; PltMMM.]7; Amherst. 0." 
proved to Iw singularly cloae. Several point* 
< limited through the distribution of entries 
different from originally intended. Lit. for 
instance. tv-mtrincri out of the low hurdle*, 
w hich gave firM urHpK-slionably to Y’nle. 
Princeton developed unexpected strength in 
tbo spruit-, and captured two otlwr punts 


that Harvard had counted upon, and likewise 
sprung « sleeper in the half. 

By wo mean* the lr»*t enjoyable feature 
of llie day was tin- exceptionally hu&inc**- 
like manner In which the game* w ere ntn off. 
Tlie lesson is a strong one. nnd show* the 
wisdom of having experienced official*. With 
W. B. Curtis as re feme, 8. .1, Cornell a* clerk 
of the course, and Malcolm W. Ford in charge 
of the field events.every assurance of despatch 
and thoroughness i* given, for these three 
without doubt are the ablest off! dak in the 
country. To finish sn Intercollegiate Cham- 
pion-hip* before dark i* an unusual occur- 
renre, but to reach home In respectable sea- 
son for dinner I* indeed nn unprecedented 
performance. There were fewer spectators 
thnn laal year, owing undnulxrdly to tlic un- 
certain condition of the weather; hut ns the 
day wore on. a happier one could not have 
been desired, except nomibly by thow- who. 
anticipating a drenching, had ’gone mil in 
heavy dance aod mrkfalortw*, and wMwd 
they had not when live sun poured down 
upon them- The track was in cnpcili condi- 
tion; lu fact. It always is. The Berkeley 


Ovid i*, I think, nhout three yearn old. lent 
there have probably been more records mudo 
on its truck twice over than on any other in the 
country. It i* a beautiful pints-, fashioned 
by nature’s <iainlirat loucli, and re enforced 
by Its owners, who are continually spending 
money upon it. 

No one fancied for a moment that Cary 
would have any difficulty whatrvrr in win- 
ning the 100-yard dash, and for once the 
popular Impression wo* correct, for hr won. 
bonds down, ill 10 seconds, time which, an- 
nounced n few year* ago. would have created 
a annul ion, but was accepted on Saturday as 
nonchalantly a* you pit***, and without even 
a college direr to give it greeting. There 
wiih a beautiful race lu the mwm trials. to 
determine who should run in the final, be- 
tween Yrciienburgh, Swain, both of Prince- 
ton, and V, Mapes. Columbia. Mape* was 
looked upon by a great many equal to sec- 
ond. or at least third, in the 100 yards. but 
both the Princeton men were too much for 
him V re-den burgh I* running faster than lie 
ever has. while Tilth* Freshman Swain Isas 
simply astonished every one. If he continues 
to improve lit n rate equal lo what lie has 
shown in the past two months, lie and Cary 
will run one, two in the sprints next year 
Harvard was not " in it " in Ibe shorter sprint. 
Ilnwca ran second to Bwnln In a trial bent, 
ami Thompson finished third in tlw third 
heat, nnd behind .Mape*. who was second. I 
did not see Cook, who did so well at Cam- 
bridge, but if he ran, lie was lost. 

The 298- yard flat, though the Inrt event 
on the programme, every one remained lo 
see. J p. Lee had remained out of the low 
hurdles, at which he recently nude the 
world’s record of Ml seconds, to rim again*! 
Cary oo the fiat It wn» a great race for 
about half live distance , but then Cary put 
on nil astonishing burst of speed, nmt ran 
away from Lee. leaving him to fight out 
second honors with Vradoabiiigb. win* wo* 
making an extremely good race, and niiining 
faster than he ever did before. L*t finally 
won. and little Swain was not very far back 
of V redeii burg ti. Lee must bare touched 
22J seeond* Cary's time, a* announced by 
Hie referee, W. B. Curtis, waa 21 1 Second*. 

There we tat rotrn ttxkrs. Why tlicre 
were, BO one knows, Utqg that it is one of 
those ridiculous c*mm where perverse athletic 
committee* insist on doing what common 
sense advMee against. I by no mean* par- 
ticularise the college committee; frequently 
we find four timers at club games, and It 
often create* embarrassment. However, on 
this oc-Ration there were four— George Avert', 
C. C. Hughes, Charles A. Head, aod W. II. 
Holterlsan — hut a ronaiilcrato i*rovidenre 
bambooxk-d otic of them t Mr Avery), aud he 
Started hi* watch Mon it hud beta in* peel- 
ed by the referee, and eoniequciilly his time 
wn* thrown out. in foot hi* watch was not 
looked at. Hughes's watch registered 21|; 
Head *, 21 J , Kobcrtfon's, 21 J According to 
custom, (lie intermediate lime wns taken by 
Hie referee and announced officially. The 
American record was 22 seconds, and held 
by Wendell Baker; the World's record was 21 J 
second*, and held hy G Wood, an English- 
man. who made the record in London in "87. 
Cary's performance was remarkable. He Is 
in line form, nnd likely to mske inmt more 
records on Ibe European trip of the M. A.C. 
team. 


The qcartkr-mtlk contained a surprbo 
and a disappointment. The former consist- 
ed of the ease with which Shattuck, of Am- 
herst. inn away from the Arid on (lie home- 
stretch, winning in 49} second*. After his 
line running at the New England Intercol- 
legiate Championship* on tire- 27tl» ult, where 
lie won the 4(0 yards in WJ sre-nudg. the 
race nn Saturday Viis mnceih-d lo him, but 
it wns not believed Imi could leave so much 
daylight between him and the second man 
Tlic disappointment was in noddy’s show- 
ing; biH that he should have dime Iwiler.but 
that so good a man should have had xitcli 
hard luck. In March Kmldv was in splendid 
form. and ran a practice quarter in 50 Then 
he got airk. nnd allogetlior lost al*otit two 
months; in fact lias only been running again 
in the last two weeks. Under the circum- 
stances he did well. Stead. Harvard, i* to 
be eongrutulaUd. He took m-und after a 
nervy race, and if he liad speed equal to his 
"sand." would make a great nunrter-miler. 
Langdoa, Columbia, ako did well, better than 
any one expected. He is likely lo be beard 
ftom next year. Wright, Harvard, of whom 
so much hn* l*m expected was fouled in hi* 
trial, and received a tumble Ibm appeared to 
take nil tlic heart out of him. 

The half nii.k demonstrated with what 
ease the sure things now and ngnin go wrong. 
A. M. While, Harvard, had the nee well in 
bud, hut got too ambitious on the last turn 
inlo the rlretch, nnd opened up n gap between 
him and the field that looked very nire. hut 
just took out of him that reserve for the final 
effort, nnd he was run lo n stand stilt fortj- 
yiud* from home. At till* point Wright. 
Vale, who was exported to make a very 
strong bid for first with White found mi mi 
looked-for rival in Turner. Princeton, nnd 
Just manage- 1 to lirensl the lope n lien. I nf him 
in 1.59J. Turner - * being probably 1 591. mid 
Vosbtirgb, Columbia, lliinl, in 159) It wns 
a graml nice, and Turner w»* n surprise. 
No one had any idea Ihi could Vouch two 


minute*. The mile fu mi died another Prince- 
Inn surprise in Wood bridge, who ran strong 
enough to finish a close second to Carr. Ilur- 
Tard, in 4.34|, Lowell. Harvard, running 
third. Tbi* rare demonstrated pretty ckwi 
Jy the Inconsistency of performer*. Nichols, 
Harvard, waa looked upon to win. ami Ire I 
until on the hnmcstrctcll, where he went to 
piece*. He beat Cut on tbc 23d ult. in n 
driving rain-storm, nnd did 4 85J on a very 
heavy track. Lowell bad done artyuud 4 llii 
ITombostel and W'hitDcv, Columbia, Iml 
done 4.34 awl 4 M. Wnht, Amherst, who 
hold* the record at -L29|. dropped out u( half 
distance ; and Wood lwidge. who had not dom- 
Is-trcr than in the neighlxirlMiod of 4.4U. stc )-* 
in nnd make* a done cectmd. Aixi yet they 
my there are sure things in athletic*. 

The 120 yard m iint.K wn* expected to lie 
« very clom race betweca Wllllsros, Y’alc. 
and H. Mapes, Columbia, until the former 
ran his trial heal, apparently with the great 
red ease, in 19 soeoods; then the result seem- 
ed to be a furegmie conclusion. In the 11 uni 
Mape* held William* for about half the dis- 
tance. but then Iil- drew away, anil running 
very strong, finished in the world’s record 
time of I5J seconds, with Map* about two 
yards behind. With Lee out of the tow hur- 
dle*. the event wo* a sure tlrat for Williams; 
but Fearing, Harvard, rande an inleresling 
race and a good second to Williams, who (In - 
bhed in 23J, an interrolli-giate roroni. I 
said last week there would be music when 
the walk licgnu . but I did not anticipate so 
mournful a melody, Sixteen men started— 
four finished, the greater part of the remaining 
twelve having been disqualified. H S. Hale. 
Harvurd. wtt one of tbe first to retire to tin: 
shades of llie dressing-room, which wa* un- 
fortunate. for n close, soul stirring rare Imi] 
been counted upon between hint and Colli*. 
Ikircherling. Princeton, wo* doing nobly for 
bis college, but be too uaa cut down in tbc 
fulness of lit* ambition. Gregg was not iti 
form, nnd quit half way. Colli* walked in 
great form, and hmke the interrolleglaie 
record by finishing in 7.5J. 

The ltrcnmo iiuoad jcwi- was a walk- 
over for Victor Mape*. w ho did 22 feel 11} 
inches, nnd established a new record. Wil- 
liams and lianisdeli Ixilh dropptsl out after 
one jump, Hie forriH-r being too tired to do 
himself justice, ami the latter not heing lu 
Bny kina of foim. Both A. 11. Ureeu. liar 
vnrd, and J Hale, same university, showrel 
good form, tin- former doing 21 feel 7j indi- 
es, Iii* best re-ened, and taking third phu-c, 
while Hale did 21 feel 11 J inebrs, and look 
second. No one else was In it with Hh-k; 
three. The running high was a Harvard nf 
fair. Fearing lining 6 feet, and Green mid 
Hhrrwin each doing 9 feet 9 inches; they 
tossed up for second, and Green won. 
Church, of the University of Pennsylvania, 
rli-nred 5 feel 8 inches, but fnilrel nn inch 
higher lie jum|w in ts-nuiiful form, tw- 
in- me ly jpuceful, mid ought to lie able to do 
several Incliea higher with practice. The 
shot nnd hamnu-r of course went to Finlay, 
Harvard. Elenck. Yale. waa clo*e enough in 
the former to make it interesting, doing 39 
feet 3 incite* lo Finlay's -IS feel ft) indie*, 
and in the hammer both Finlay mid Kviox. 
Ilarvani. broke the record willi throws of 
107 feet 7 i inchea and 103 feet 4 Inches, re- 
spectively. Jefferson didn't do os murh as 
mane exjMtcted be would, though be mode a 
very good throw of 99 feet 1 inch. Tlw 
pole vault was interesting for the persistency 
with which Ryder kept Irving until lie final 
)y supplanted the old record, nnd marie a new 
one of 10 feet 74 inches. Hberwin, llnnranl, 
showed hi excellent form, and did 10 feet 5} 
inches. No one else was near tlicre two 
Tbe lug of w ar waa. of coune, Columbia’s. 

The Cokinthiax Y'acht Ci.cb, of New 
Y'ork, H to be congratulated on tlie proefiecl* 
for iu anmisl swrenstnke* this year, or, rath 
er.lt might be mid that the intelligent and 
•portam on-like mnnngenw-nt which ha* at- 
tended this annual cvi-nt, nnd which rai-t-U it 
to imm*ditite prominence » thr i-att nf the 
year front its inception three years ago. boa 
borne its legitimate fruit. Of the ten racing 
• forty -*lx footers " which have been built 
during tlie past winter, eight have already 
pniil entrance fees for tbe ** 8 wre.-p”l although 
tl«; race dene im* take plorei until August 
17th>, while of the two remaining racing 
boats in Hit clan*, one liaa already applied 
hind we umlcretand that there is a strong 
probability of the oilier also applylngi iu 
make a pi*t entry. Tim entered hoal*. tlwlr 
owners, designer*, and borne ptrrl*. me; /Ini • 
bunt, C. II W. Foster. Fife. Jon , Boarou. 
Urotrir. A. Prinre. Borges* Bnaton; Wu- 
rwma. E. D. Morgan. HenrlshofF, New York ; 
Jam m, W. McDosmugh. Fife, Jnn,, New 
Y'nrk, ilinfvla, A. Helm mil. Burges*. New 
Y’ork; Owm. A. B Turner, Burgees. Bo* 
Ion; Ratio naru, H. Tliart-r, Burgra*. Bnatun, 
I'rira, K. B. fiaixiA, Fife. Jun.. Newport. 

Of the three Fife hoats. fcVi'nr kssomt- 
wbnt smaller than the otliers. having an 1 w 
L of only forty-three feet, an.l she prolmMy 
Itriu-* something to the others in construction, 
having been built In England in ibe spring 
of 'Ori. auii coming over on Im-c own hoitom 
to Halifax, where sin- sailed Inst nrnsnn. but 
had praelleatlv nothing to compete Hgnin*t 
Thi* year she bus Is-en Ixuigbt by Mr Sand*, 
of Newport, wlm Is re puled olHi of tlie l» »t 
bnat-miler* along our const, nnd who. freiin 
liis intimate local know ledge of water*, tide*. 




HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV. NO. 1793. 


432 



LlTHfcU H- CART, PRIKCKTOX. 
220-yard Dash, S1J Second*. 
World's Record. 


etc., should. ia the Newport •'Sweep," do 
much t<> r.fTvt Uie beet'* disadvantage of 
sire tail lieavler construction. Jtmea, m U 
well known, was built on ibo other sldo a? a 
" twenty rater," and came out here last sea- 
son. but suffered much from poor handling 
n ii- 1 lack of "kites," being built and canras- 
ed for the English twenty-ruler class. This 
M-tiMia. it l* understood. die ia to bare a lar- 
ger suit of canvas, nnd though she also has 
something to contend against in heavy con- 
struction, will do well. 

*• Barbara," Mr. Fifr's third and newest 
representative in tint clusa, wna built this 
sprimr by Irtwley in Boston and for (At dau; 
in other word*, is n water lino-length boat. 
Whether Fife will be able to allow, under 
water Him?- length rule, as good results as ho 
Las shown in Dragon, .WiiiitrM. and others 
under a "sailing length " rule, is an interest- 
ingquertion, which tiie“Swcep" may bclonk- 
cil forward to at least to pnrllally elucidate. 
Ilt-rrUholTa single reprr.wnlalive. Oloriaufl, 
Is calculalod to make one reluctant In predic- 
tion*. She should lie cither an astonishing 
success or a )an*ntnbte failure. In view of 
her designer's well-known skill in construct- 
ing fait craft of all kinds, the probabilities 
an? in fnvor of the former. 

Op Mr. Biw-e*#'* representatives It may 
be raid that Mineoia beam strong resem 
bianco to .VariquUn. and If soiled as hard 
and aa well os Variquita was last xrannn. alto 
should nuke a fair showing. Of the other 
two. Sagonara will carry the luck anil good 
management of /lippswr; and ClMeiw, whose 
owner, Mr, Turner, is the Vice-Commodore 
of the Massachusetts Yacht Club, may lie 
expected to render a good account of her- 
self. Beatrix, the sole representative of the 
centre board in the class, will cany as such 
a weight of responsibility. That Mr, Prince 
and Or. Bream will do "all they can to meet 
the deiuuncl* of the situation may be confi- 
dently expected, but If my belief that centre- 
boards are not really available against keels 
until one reaches or exceeds a sixty -fool 
water line ia correct. I fear that die will not 
(even with .Mr. Burgess’* designing and ber 
owner’s enrej do ns woll as very likely tlie 
same model would in u larger cliua. 

It is to or earnesti.t honed that 
tituA (ilcajgncd and built by WitilerinKbam 
be re iu New York, anil owned by Mr. Max 
well) and dBwul <frotn Mr. Paine's design- 
ing board) will both make poet entries, as 1 
understand they contemplate doing. Tlx? 
“ Sweep" has been regarded as tlie repreac nt 
alive race of the season for the racing clam 
of the year, and jurtifiably so. from the value 
of the prize, the fairness of the test of every 
point of a boat's sailing powers afforded by 
the location nnd nature of the course (a tri- 
angle). the efficient tnauagcniriil of (be race, 
and tbo full representation of designers. It 
would therefore 1* a matter of great regret 
should the two at present lacking entries, be- 


ing each lire sole representative of two able 
designer* in the racing class of tbc year, he 
missing wlxiu the starting gun is tired. Par- 
ticularly *o because the Wintcringham boat 
I* said to readable tbc Fife boat* Ui gene nil 
characteristics, while the l'ainr boat may be 
said to embody both General Paine’s and hU 
son’* skill, and also their belief in “power," 
so called. As, therefore, cx|ieii»eot» of such 
different theories, they should not be lacking 
when Burgess. Fife, and Herrtskoff, with 
keel nnd centre-board, contend for the "blue 
ribbon " of the sen. 

Tits fix at. act of the Harvard Athletic 
Committee consisted in porsuad log Y ale grad- 
uates to confer with them at 8pringflehl lurt 
work, apologising for the broken agreements, 
imd staling they hxd just learned that the 
Harvard representatives did make the agree- 
ments held by Yale. These agreements this 
Harvard committee thou proposed to carry 
out, provided Yule would mnkc a dual league 
with them for MA tareAuff amt foot Ml. to 
continue for nine yeart, neither side binding 
Unelf to play with Princeton! Comment is 
unnecessary. 

Tots rwowKcre of cakoeixo. like those 
of about evrry other branch of out -door 
sport, seem to promise one of the most active 
and interesting of season*. The first impor- 
tant event, and one that will be second only 
to the championship meeting Inter, t* the 
Joint regatta of the Marine nnd Field Club 
nnd the Manhattan Athletic Chib in Grnvrs- 
end Ray. Saturday, June 20th. Tiu-re will 
be sailing and paddling event?, and some of 
the best men in the country will very prob- 
ably be seen The uuidera paddling race, 
particularly, will bring out Quick -the holder 
of the International Cup — and Simpson, 
l’ulmcr and Dougins. Collin* Brother*, Stew- 
nrt and Frederick?, nnd Gessltr Brothers. 
Fred Jones (Onada * champion). Butler of 
Lowell lone of tlie ablest m socials in the 
country), Steven*. Vnux. Oxhnlm, Douglas, 
and Knappe have all signified their intention 
of being on hand, nnd that requite enough to 
assure the best of sport. W. S Elliott lias 
tbo regatta in hand, which of itself is equal 
to writing it down a sweet*. He gave ns 
the be* sport of last year lu the Marine evens. 

ltl’FF.lI.O 11AI) A ItOHHK snow. May 2nd. 
that, notwithstanding tlic fact of Its being 
restricted to members of the Buffalo County 
Club, put the Chicago show of lost year to 
shame. Thr.ro are a* lot of thorough 'sports- 
men in Buffalo, bended by George E. Laver- 
ock. the Usmlins. Dr W. 8, Tremaine. tho 
C'arys. W. A. Wadsworth, nnd J. L. Hun- 
sicker, and in no rily outside of New York 
and Boston could a better sliowiug of home, 
flesh nnd traps generally In? made. The hunt 
cr classes — naturally, too, for the sport It 
keen in Buffalo'a vicinity — were n* good ns 
could be seen anywhere, while the tandem, 
raddle, ami roadster claw* were surprising- 
ly good. Apropos of tandems, an excellent 
idea come* from Buffalo In tho matter of 
judging. It h suggested that two prizes 
should bo given in Uie tandem class— one fur 
the turnout as a whole, and one for the most 
Important pari, the driving. It is in the 1st 
ter where most entriea fail " Many a tandem 
In the best of form lias lost Cm through mis- 
erable driving to some much less pretentious 
turnout handled in workman like manner. 

Cru SET THIS TKAlt is going alicail with a 
veritable boom. The reason in Philadelphia 
owned most brilliantly, tbo Germantown 
player* showing to more advnutage tliiu the 
other local dull*, whether serving on their 
own club or the ‘varsity. Bclmoui remedy 
showed to so good an advantage, for al- 
though it wot successful iu both matches 
ngainst HavcrfordCollcge.ocnrlyoDe-half tbo 
run* made by its first eleven wen? hit off by 
its provisional. The one redeeming feature 
uf list- Belmont playing was the wonderful 
bowling of tbc lefi-rmnder. A. E. Smitli , who 
mowed down the Ilavcrford wickets liko 
gras* Comparing the chance* of the two 
greatest Philadelphia clubs, Germantown Is 
undoubtedly the most brilliant, and it* re- 
serve power greater than that of ire oppo- 
nents. Belmont bn* little more than it* 
accomplished pair, A. M, Wood and A. E. 
Stnitb, to depend upon How much can 
lxi accompli shod by perfect discipline was 
proven last year, when Belmont snatched 
the prize from tin? nio«i brilliant eleven erer 
gotten together in this country, German- 
town slHHtld profit to the severe lesson it re- 
t?eivcd last season. Even tbc fittest material, 
lucking systematic? practice nnd team. work, 
will oficii prove ca«v prev to a k»s skilful 
team working well together nnd properly 
captained. 

Tire Istbrcitt CmcxET Lraovb open- 
ed its season last Friday in Boston, with 
tint local eleven against New York. This 
league i* iiorn posed of seven cities, and these 
arc divided into Eastern aod Western di- 
vision*. Horton, New York. Philadelphia, 
and Baltimore Compose the former, and Chi- 
cago. Detroit, nnd Pittsburg Hie latter. A 
great interest hit* Item created in the game 
thereby, aod much strength developed. 

It i* a pleasure to record the drill Ue of 
both the Americnn Plan ami the Average 
Bystem of scoring in Philadelphia; if now 
we can iMartUstUie professional* tire dropped 
in championship matches, ilso season will 
have begun most auspiciouslv. 

Gamut sV Wnmacr. 


THE NAVAL MIUTIA. 

It is a difficult task to make a new Inatltu 
trim known in America, and there are still 
many persons unaware of the fuel that a na 
v»l militia is in existence- The recognition 
of the fact that tlie nary require! a volunteer 
adjunct quite as much os tbc army dote* 
hack to Thomas Jefferson's lime, hut it is 
ooly In the last four years that any active 
measures have been taken in llii* country. 
European nations have long possessed volun- 
teer com* of men (mined in naval gunnery, 
and rendy to be called Into action at an hour's 
notice, but the apathy of thi* country in re- 
gard to it* position as a power among nations 
has only lately been removed. 

A Ntri mill rift — or naval reserve, ft* it is 
sometime* called— i* designed to stand in 
precisely the aarae relation to the regular 
navy ns the National Guard docs in the army. 
It U a reserve corps of citixens drilled in the 
fighting tactic* of men of. war's men. and pre- 
pared to man the batteries of ships in case of 
an outbreak of lioMilitiuK. The pfe»*ing need 
of such a reserve corn* may he gathered from 
the esinbUftlw>d fact ilwt if war wero declared 
to morrow the regulnr nnvv would be hard 
pressed to ftupplyiullcomnfctnonuof men to 
nil its existing ships, while there wouUl be 
absolutely none ready to man such rousting 
steamers a* might be armed and pressed into 
service. A battalion uf naval militia, proper- 
ly organ I red and drilled, would lx competent 
to mnn a vessel at once. 

The need of such volunteer sailors was 
finally perceived by Congress four year* ago, 
nnd a hill was passed authorizing the various 
Stale* to form naval Imttalions. Tbe bill 
also planned tho formation of a national re 
serve in which *hi>nlrl lie enrolled Amerienn 
steamer*, together with captain*, mates. other 
officer*, and seamen. There men were? to be 
known at the navigating reserve, their duties 
being tbo handling of the volunteer ships 
at *ea. In all probability Ihrre will be 
some change In tbe details "of this plan. for. 
n* the naval militia is organizing, it will be 
thoroughly equipped, not ooly wTilt fighting 
ability,’ but with skill in warn unship and 
navigation. It will therefore be able to 
linndlo it* own drip*, not simply act as a 
body of naval artillerists. 

After the passage of the national law by 
(.'ongrew, tbe Legislatures of Masauchurelt* 
nnd New York passed lull* authorizing the 
formation of tnltnlious. The shipping men 
of this city look a warm Intere-rt in the mat 
ter, aod Annul Vanderbilt, who had been ooc 
of tbe members of tbe Board of Trade acting 
in aid of the project, culled upon Philip if 
Low, a well-known yacht and ‘hip rigger, nnd 
a naval veteran of the war of the rebellion, to 
organize a battalion. Mr. Low at once began 
the enrolment of volunteers, keeping sharp 
eye to niudward for young graduates of An- 
on polls to act aa officers- A meeting of the 
enrolled men wo* held o« Oetulwf 2ft, 18#®. nl 
the armory of tbe Second Battery, nnd Mr. 
Low was elected Lieutenant Commander. lu 
ncrordaoce with tlx provision* of ihn Inw. 
Ttccmiling wax carried ou actively during tlie 
winter, and lu Febntary die battalion was 
given permission to drill n board the old 
frigate .t/, i-nrWir. then moored at tho foil of 
Wot Twenty-second Street. It should be 
staled ben- that not ooly at that time, but at 
all time*, the Navy Department at Washing- 
ton showed iu sympathy with the naval- 
militia project, and its rcadinc** to aid it in 
every practical way. 

In Hie following summer the Minnconia 
was tuken In the Brooklyn Yard to tie over- 
hauled and transformed Into an ntk-llke re- 
oelvlng-ship. Tin: First Battalion of Nam) 
Mililiu was thus left without n home. An 
Inconvenient nnd expensive room uptown, 
on tbc east side, was hired, itml lire little 
body of men. ik?w numbering onlv 75 active 
number* out of a required miinber of :52ti. 
began work ou the infantry tnclic* In wbicli 
every ship's company lias to tie drilled. In 
the course of ibo winter of 1WHM tho vneht- 
lug fraternity, which hud hitherto lo lcl aloof 
from tbe project, lie' nine Interested In It. 
The result was the formniiiut of the Naval 
Reserve Araucinlinn. nu orgatiixatloo lure Inc 
fur Its object Hm ii ill Inc of all good naval- 
reserve enterprise* in Ibis city. Negotiuliou* 
were nt mice oik tied la-twcv’n this Imdv nnd 
the already existing batlalina. looking tu» 
nrtl a consolidntion. The accoinplbbincntof 
thU was mode may by Lieutenant C'mnfnand- 
cr I/ow's growing rouviciiun that In? Hud 
Di-s* would not |icrmit him to devote *nlfl- 
dent ntlrntbin to tlie Inllnliun. lie there- 
fore advised tlw members of Ids command 
to rotiMihdiile with tlie nssoeiali'iii, ami. after 
hi* n.-sienatioB, to elect J.W, Miller. who had 
lieen rlesignaled by tlu: umneiatUiu, to com- 
mand its first hnttnliuu. One stormy night 
in March the battalion, nfler er-nipleting it* 
weekly drill ulmarel the ,Vi«a<w.»,ni»w moor- 
ed at the foot of West Fiftieth Street, earned 
nut tbe plan suggested by Mr. Low. and Mr. 
Miller became Ue«tc*ixirt-(‘nmmnndrr. bring- 
ing into (be b*ltnliu-n with him ii gumliy 
number of reenws who lutd Joined tbu anso- 
ciatlon. Tlu? slnff nnd divisiun nlfirt-rn of 
Hie hidtaliun, of outre*, ro-igm-d with Mr. 
Low. but were all reappuinU-d. with some 
changes in ruuk. by the new contmnndi-r 

Lk-ntenant-Cummander Jarob W. Miller 
wit* graduated from the United thakw Naval 
Academy at Annapolis in the rlas» of 
and served with distinction fur nearly twenty 
years. Anvoiig other tours of duty, he was 
at one period in rhorge of tin- artillery drills 
of the cadet* at Annapolis. Ho resigned from 


the navy four years ago to accept the posi- 
tion of president of the Providence and Stoo 
ingv-n Slentn ~Jii|> Company, lie i* a thor- 
ough disciplinnnnn. anil fs determined t» 
make his linttaliuii oue of the model organi- 
gstions of tin- city and Slate HI* adjutant 
is Ueurge E. Kent, adjutant under Mr. Low. 
a graduate of Annapolis, and for s<-teral 
years nu officer in the m-rvicc. Tbc senior 
division commutulcr* have not all been ap- 
painted yet, so that Uie rosier at present 
read* an follow*: Print Buttery— lieutenant, 
junior grade. 8. Dona Greene. Jim.; Second 
Battery— lieutenant commanding. W. liutler 
Duncan. Jim.; lieutenant, junior grade, 
Washington Irving; Third Bstu-ry — lieuten- 
ant, junior grade, Louis M. Mowbray; Fourth 
Battery— lieutenant. Junior grade, K. M. F«ir- 
shew. All of these office r» are Annapolis 
men. 

The haltnlinn has mlr.pt nl for a drilling 
roMume the working suit of the regular navy. 
Till* consist* of white canvas trousers au>i 
leggings, while ctmvire shirt with rolling col 
Lr. knife lanyard and knife, black silk week 
erelilef, aud round white cniivus hub Chul 
In these costume*, with their officer* in uu 
ilrra* uniform aud swords, the member* of 
tin? hattalioo arc at work every Friday night, 
lesrulug the stations of the six-iuen gun’* 
crew, the calls for boardera. riflemen, firemen, 
and pumpmen, rot loss drill, and infantry 
tactlcs. Tbe organization is about to lu? 
mustered into the .State service, when it will 
be entitled to some substantial aid from Al- 
bany Already Coo gross ha* posted an ap- 
propriation of $25,060 for artn* and cqui(>- 
menu fur the naral reserve, to be divided 
among those organizations enrolled before 
July l*t. Tbi* will menu the New York and 
Horton iwuiiliutm. 

Tbe naval bnilalion will be required to 
drill once a week fur six months in the full, 
wilder, and spring, nnd in Hie summer to em- 
bark for one week's service alioard a mnn of- 
wnr. The men will learn to load aud lire 
tbe modern high-powered gun*, nnd the vari- 
ous kinds of niDCkiue-gima mid revolving can- 
non employed in secondary butteries aboard- 
sliip. They will be culled upon to land ami 
operate as a nsral brigade, and *Uo 1o per- 
form boat service, near and distant. They 
will lenro all about torpedo watfsee and na 
ral signalling. In slsuct, they will In? gradu- 
ally trained to perform *1) "the duties of n 
modern war ship's crew, so that it am safely 
be said that the oava! militia offer* a service 
rich in variety anil novelty. The First Bat- 
talion, it may be noted In roncluolou, Is com- 
posed of excellent material, ami it* officers 
are men who know their old profession thor- 
oughly. The headquarter* of tlie organiza- 
tion. at No. 9 West Tweol) ninth Street, are 
open all day, ami recruiting i* still going on. 
As -odo as tbe First Battalion is full, which 
will In? in a few day*, it is probable Hint ap 
plication* will be received for membership 
to a second. The social side of Hm existing 
battalion will be of some Importance, and 
the character of the mombcrahJp rival* that 
of the Seventh Regiment. 

W. J. Hbxderbox. 


BEFORE YOU .START 

Ha a V-irri-j by ku or laud, procure UoMettcr'a 


and climatic Inteenccu Colic, rnnipa, sad dy.prp- 
sts don't stand tbe gbost o t a cbsoce agriusi ibis 
psmiaoaat sltersUre and itesniclilr. MvliOtr d- 
msbrta, krtorj tranWt, tkk budatbc, and lillkui*- 
w**.- fdrfs.1 


MB#. WINSLOW* ROOT 11IXO #TMt'P 
kw Wen n»t ftir over *ftr l.y Mtllt-m 

Wulhci* for llrtlrAlldith .bile jteOiluu.wllii |h: 

alt iMln.iurv* mud otic. 

illnrThir*^tl<ilil^b * 


lx* I rented, (in 
a-ilil b» dncxi.iai I* error wt of rhe 

it* s Iwltlr.— Md*.] 


Wn»* knlijr was »ka. w* fare lt»f Carairls, 

Wluru *ho lucwtt MIW, tlie cliifc* |o I'ttinri* 
When »b* lied lltillclrroi, idw gar* Utcoi Casroila — 


BROWN'# IIOCMBIIOLO PANSt'KA. 
“TIIK UHBAT PAIN HRIJEVUK," rerroi 
Crsssp*, cutlc.coM.: stlpslDs tons * Unlit.— 


FSf BROWN S i 'AMI’itORATED SAPONAi E<»t » 
HnXTintlLB tor rbs TKST1I. HKUCIOtS Wc_ 

• 


DR. LTONtS I'SItFKT TOtrril FOWDXU. 
Whiten tbs irolti onil parlArelbehcwlh. tbc.— t* dr.J 


Ksur.rs, th* new Enr|b>h lolkt-wsiro: mot del!- 
:ioM and rufreeklng. TVylrl AH d>H|tzt.U.-l.td*.] 


M' ruse, filre A vuiwitsa Bnrras to tltrlr rhltilron 
to Mo|i I'Jic Slot foOMtMM ii lb* tuivtcU. - l_l .'r. I 


To* llnl Worn lompe lor Ctillilrm are Bra ell's 
Vctiulliige Comllts, J»t. s bus.— [.ids.] 


HARPER S PERIODICALS 

Ptf yter, pnuuy free 

ffzltltri tUQAlttt* IS «* 

ojanirs vnnr s «• 

HJHFKRa Bazar. s to 

HAierr.RX ror.xti people * >a 

DKit«-ltrr* and ruenum u.otXf 10- 
rvir* ntanpl-MW KeSwrnjHIenc -i-ot 
dim* to tl»* |roW Mwn .himld I* acroru* 
pro. <0 try l.j.l ofQcr XI -<>>•> ur.ii* or flr.lt 

HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK 


Digitized by Google 


TI1E PARKS AND PARKWAYS OF CHICAGO. 

BY CLARENCE PULLEN. 


T HE park* and parkways of Chica- 
go are of a t/po Um outgrowth of 
her imliuul landscape conditions 
and tile characteristic* of her 
people. Bel w w n the great lake 
on the east and Um prairie main land on Um 
weit i* a low swampy tract diversified by 
wind ridge* washed up by the atorm waves 
and shifted about by the wind*. Tbe lake in 
some p tares eaeroocaes upon the lund. and at 
other |n.) at* extend* the shore by the forming 
of sand- bars. Upon auch a site was (minded 
Chicago, und upon auch a soil has she built 
her |Mirks and boulevard*. That from ele- 
ments to unpromising she should have 
evolved her extensive system of parka aod 
pleasure way a is only in keeping wilh other 
achievements brought almul by the resource- 
ful and creative spirit of her citizen*. 

The tastes and tendencies of the people were 
strongly shown in the early building of their 
streets and house*. Every man wonted el- 
bow-room. and licfore the great fire of 1K71 
the tvpieul Chicago <1 welling -house stood 
dietlnel from it* neighlion, if separated only 
by a liny garden or bit of lawn, while some 
residences, with the tree- planted ground* 
almut diem, occupied an entire square. Tbc 
wide street* were rescued ns nipidly a* pun. 
sible from their primitive condition of alter- 
nate mud and dust, graded, and laid with 
the most approved forms of pavement. Tbe 
fondness of the people for ruling ami driving, 
that led them at an early day to provide so 
amply for public ways, caused tbc feature of 
fine driveway* to be prominent when the 
public parks were to he made. 

Chicago's system of public recreation- 
grounds consists of six spacious park* strung 
upon a thirty-mile chain of parkways, called 
boulevards, which, except for two short gup* 
soon to be filled, completely encircle* die city. 
These [Mirks awl driveways are in general well 
advanced toward completion. and as their con- 
struction has progressed, they have satisfnc- 
torlljr fulfilled the purpose* for which they 
were created. Jackson, the largeat of lire 
park*, which recently has been chosen as 
the site of the Worlds P.tlr. I* a* yet mainly 
unimproved, but Is d.-ntined to be one duy 
tire foremost recreation ground of Chicago 
Tbe park* proper, with several small urban 
grounds under the control of the West Side 
Park Commission, comprise I8414M| acrea of 
grauud , and 10 miles of boulevards have been 
built or laid out in connection with tlrem, 
In tbe twenty two years since the beginning 
of park construction lu Chicago over twenty 
million dollars have Irecn expended upon tbe 
purebase. building, and maintenance of theea 
park* and l*iut*vard*. 

This scheme of public-pork building hail 
its Inception shortly after the close of tire 
American civil wur.’ Chicago, containing at 
that time about 500,000 inhabitant*, was 
emerging from ils early condition of an ex- 
clusive iibwuplioD in business activity, and 
was expanding in the hue* of it* future a* a 
residence city. It was at this period that, 
reallxing in their city's growth aud prosper- 
ity the germ of va«l expansion which she 
held, her citizen* begun to plan aod to dis- 
cus* the question of a timely provision for 
public recreation-ground*. This movement 
found expression in 1116* ill the passage of 
the necessary legislative net* authorizing the 
const ruction of lire Chicago park* and park- 
way*. When once the city had decided to 
have public paiks, the work of making them 
wa* set under way with a liberality, energy, 
and broadness of forecast that belong* to her 
people. 

Chicago at this time was practically without 
recreation ground*, although dome small be- 
ginning* in that direction hail been made. 
North of lire river wa* Lincoln Park . wilh IU 
A0 acre*, somewhat improved, and on tire 
south of it tbe Lake Front, which, including 
shallow* intended to bo filled awl graded, 
contained 41 acre*. On the W«l Side was 
Union Park, containing 17 acrea. and there 
were about lire city a few small public 
M[imrc». The whole amount of laud devoted 
in any sense to park uses was 12-VA acre*, in 
the improvement of which about $100,000 
bad been expended. 

Tbe courageous planners of the park H» 
tern saw no discouragement lu tbe monoto- 
nous swampy barrenness of tlic only availa- 
ble sites for toe proposed recreation ground*, 
lacking tlic natural feature* of eminences, 
ledge*, rippling stream*, lakclrl*. uud stately 
forest growth*. Chicago BOM UM V** wo* 
lien: upon having public park* and [Mirk way* 
that should not lie mnniased bv those of any 
city in the world. 'I lie rosiilu to-day are 
*bowu on Use face of tbe ground raised, 
drained. and fertilized; its depression* turned 
into inland luke* supplied with water from 
nro-slao well*, and the enriched soli laid nut 
in lawns, or planted with trees, shrubs, aud 
(lowers. The lake shore ha* been protected 
by massive tweak water* sgnitMt tire encroach- 
ment of the waves, drive* and walks have 
been made, means of papular recreation |iro- 
TUled. and the edifices nccc«*ry for Uic 
maintenance of the park* and for the sbrtlrr 
and comfort of visitor* have been built on u 
scale ample fur their purposes. 

The parkways or boulevard* pasting 


through the larger park* are avenue* of ex- 
traordinary width, in which driveways, foot, 
ways, and bridle path* are separated by ver- 
dant strip* planted with tree*, shrubs, and 
llowers. The drives are ttiio macadamized 
way* constructed generally of crushed granite 
resting upon u lied of cinders; ami being well 
drained and kepr free from traffic, continue 
in good condition the year round. The fa- 
cilities for reaching the parks from tbc heart 
of tlio city are ndmiraMe, aud tlic arrange- 
ment* generally of the recreation ground* 
■re in a high aegree convenient, enjoyable, 
and satisfactory. 

The city i* separated by the river anil it* 
branches into three divisions, which, in char- 
ocler and for certain municipal purr-ore*, 
constitute distinr-r communities. The North 
Hide, a flue residence quarter, lies north of 
the Chicago River and it* upper branch. To 
the west of the two widely forked branches of 
the river lie* I ho West side, which is large- 
ly occupied by lumber yards, manufactories, 
and tbe houtt's of people of moderate mean*. 
The South Side lies south of the river and ils 
southwesterly branch, and within it* limits, 
at the river's mouth, is the city's business 
centre. The Bomb is the quarter of tli« 
greatest expansion, and is duuicteriud by its 
boulevards lined w ith handsome residence*, 
and it* convenient location with reference to 
access to all the parks. 

Three acta pawed in the beginning of 1669 
by the Illinois legislature authorized the 
creation of the necessary board* of commis- 
sioners, to be appointed by the Governor, for 
the construction of the Chicago public park*. 
Bo distinctly separate are the city divisions 
that from the lieginniug of ]iark making iu 
Chicago three commission*— for tlie North, 
the South, and tbe West sides respectively — 
have be«u maintained. The North and 'the 
South Bide park* arc managed each by a 
commission of five member*, tbe one entitled 
tbe Board of Commi*»ioncr* of Lincoln Park, 
and tbe other tbe South Purk Commissioner*. 
The members In each board are appointed 
for a term of five years, to serve without 
compcnmlioa, except lu case of (he president 
of tbc B«ulh Purk lioard. The West Chicago 
Purk (.'ummbtulouer*. seven In number, are 
appointed for terms of seven years, to serve 
without compensation, except ill cane of the 
prcsldeut of the board. The cost of tbe 
parks anil boulevards in cadi of the three 
city division* U met by a tax on the property 
of Uie quarter in which they are situated. 

For several years after tbe forming of the 
park rommiRMons in I860 there were vexa- 
tious bluderuuce* ill the w uy of carrying for. 
word the construction work. The constitu- 
tionality of tbe acts creating the boards and 
giving them tbe power to levy aworament* 
hod to be established by cuurt decisions. 
Property holder* on the lino of the Improve- 
ment* set exorbitant prices on their land as 
soon as the site bad been drsiguated, aud 
other difficulties arose which required new 
legislation to overcome. But eventually 
tlicae mutters were adjusted, and after 1674 
the work of park-making proceeded with Ut- 
ile obstruction. 

The parks of the best natural features are 
those of the North and South *>de». which 
have upon their border* Lake Michigan, with 
its summer coolness, beauty, aud trust ness of 
watersenjw. The Wort Side park*, with land- 
scape elements not so desirable, are less visit- 
ed by water breezes to temper the summer 
host*. and the development of shade and 
foliage must be much depended upon to en- 
hance their attractions. 


Tint 001TH PARKS. 

Tbc South Park system has cost the tax- 
payer* of lira district nearly $ 1 1 . 000 , 000 . 
The porks proper, comprising Washington 
and Jackson parks, the Midway Plniv-tncc, 
and the urban w|usrc known as Huge Park, 
contain acre*, and the mile* of 

South Side boulevards, :tl 1 te re s— a total 

acreage of UHM. Of live purk* 1 area 4.V7 
acre* are tm proved, and there ore 28 mile* of 
improved drivewtvs. 

The handsome boulevard Michigan Ave- 
nue leads from tlic business centre of the 
city to tbe South Parks, a distance of about 
six mile* Washington and Jackson parks, 
connected by the Midway Ploisance, consti- 
tute one great recreation ground of 975 acre*, 
formerly known as the Houtb Purk. Juck 
son Park, the largest division, containing 
524 acres, fronts, with a shore line of one and 
a half miles, upon Lake Michigan, command- 
ing a superb water view. Tbe natural char- 
acter of tbe land is that of sn open, unpro- 
ductive. marshy tract, broken by luw sandy 
ridges covered by a growth of scrub oak or 
"Black Jack." Its surface ranges in height 
from three to nine feet above the lake at or- 
dinary luw water Tlic Midway Plaimace. 
of 60 acre*, and Washington Park, contain 
ing 371 acres, have the same general laud 
snipe features as Jackson Park, without the 
wide water view, and with leas of a natural 
tree growth. 

(Hie of the first acts of the South Park 
OMteUn, after adwUag tin site of tho 
South Parks, was to engage tbe distinguished 


landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted 
aud (.'alverl Vaux to prepare a plan for the 
laying out of tin South Parks. Tbo design 
and report submitted by these gentlemen lire 
masterly aud comprehensive ones, giving an 
exhaustive analysts of tlic condition* pre- 
re u led, and a method for developing and 
cm [dialing every feature of bmutj possible 
to (lie character of the natural landscape. 

With tbo odo grand and sublime feature of 
the South Parks— the great luke- os the prin- 
cipal feature, the Indispensable elements of 
turf, foliage, and still inlying waters were 
to be developed in varied forms of rural 
scenery. The parks, to harmonize wilh the 
grueral aspect of tbe landscape. must lie em- 
bellished phases of the wide green prairie 
and Une lake. Without the scenic advan- 
tage* of a broken country, it wa* intended 
that effects as impressive should be produced 
by inland lakes, brood meadow s bordered by 
irregular masses of foliage, and, in Jackson 
Park, a Ingram system to be developed into 
unique beauty Wide lawn* and waters, 
trees, shrills, flowers, drives, and walks were 
(be feature* which the Improvement* were 
designed to secure. Tbe mile and a half of 
lake shore were to be protected against tbe 
invasion*- of tlic waves, the shore design so 
arranged that the luke view’ be made most 
of. and an easy and agreeable water approach 
to the parks from tlic business parts of the 
city be secured. On such a site, developed 
by such a plan, it was believed that a pork 
might be created with a beauty peculiarly 
its own, not exceeded in attractiveness by 
auv [Hirk lit tlie couutry 

When in 1871 the construction of tbe South 
l*»rk was begun, the details Orel attended to 
were the muklng of driveways and tlie grad- 
ing and draining of the ground, and its en- 
richment with clay, manure, sod vegetable 
mould- Tlic black soil taken from the low 
grouud to tie excavated for artificial lakes, 
or where tilling was to be done, was distrib- 
uted as a fertilizer upon the barren ink ridges 
and other higher lands of the porks. Tills 
work was hardly under way, when live great 
Clilcagw fire put a disastrous stop to tlie un- 
dertaking. Thr commissioners' offices were 
burned, with all their amps and estimates 
and many paper* of record. For a rear all 
work was suspended, und none of the park 
employes were retained except » email po- 
lice force and a few men to look after the 
property 

The next September work wn* resumed, 
with Mr. H. W. B. Cleveland iu cbnrge as 
supervising landscape architect In the pro- 
gress of construction tlie plans furnished by 
M«srs. Olmsted and Vaux were followed 
in outline, Imt, under influence of the cruel 
financial straits of the city, considerable uirai- 
ifleation* were mode in tnr spirit of thrir de- 
sign. The supervising architect was limited 
to the performance of such work os I tad to 
lie dune u( once, and would make few changes 
in tlic natural surface. The general pin of 
operations was to improve tbc parts nearest 
to Ibu residence centre of tlic city, uud tlicuce 
work toward tlic remoter quarter* of tlic 
tract, currv mg forward the improvements on 
such parts of the pleasure-grounds only as 
could be true] led from the city over park 
roads. In this Dew city, which had n»cu 
within a generation out of the marshes, the 
nwans for building and iniiiDtuiuiug a park 
system could not have been raised except 
for work* that mode an immediate showiug, 
and upon the enjoyment of which the peo- 
ple could enter at once 

Owing to tbe nature of Uie climate and 
soil it is a difficult matter to get trees to grow 
to large size on the southwesterly lake Shore, 
ami tho establishment of succcosful planta- 
tions in Uie South l'urks is the result of con- 
stant attention. As sapling* the transplant- 
ed trees often attain a tlinfty growth, but 
toouer or later they lose their vigor, and 
usually die prematurely The natural roil, 
thin and poor, with u damp and ofleu water 
soaked subsoil, insufficiently nourish** the 
routs, anil tbc changeable climate u unfavor- 
able to foliage growth. The east wind from 
off the lake chills the tender buds and leaves, 
and often jwum disastrous to Hie foliage, 
and eventually to the life of the tree. The 
draining und enrichment of tbe soil, and the 
slid ice afforded by the growth of tlic hardy 
varieties of tree* first planted, have resulted 
In condition* under which ruoru delicate trees 
have at lust thriven. 

To overcome the many difficulties in *e 
curing tlic growth of desirable vegetation in 
the Houtb l’urks. a Board of Botanical Di- 
rectors won formed In 1673, serving without 
pay. under the control of tlie l’ark Coinmis 
slotvcre. and It coutiuucd lu existence five 
years, performing a meritorious and effec- 
tive work. Of this board Professor H. II. 
Babcock was secretary and director. Circu- 
lar* soul to botanical gardens aud to noted 
horticulturists the world over met a prompt 
aud generous response in tlie shape or maDy 

E ckaire* of seeds and bulbs sent from Ann r- 
i, Europe, India, and Australia. Before the 
end of the first season 3000 different speci- 
mens uf plants were growing in the Boutb 
Parks, and three years later tlieir number 
bsd increased to nearly 5VU0 varieties. 


Thr Board of Botanical Director* Workd 
their way through the trouble* attending | nv 
and plant culture in a barren field, Indcf-atf. 
gubly replacing tbc many tew trees that died 
with healthy new one*. Elm. ash. linden, 
ash-leaved maple, catnips. and birch trees 
have been found U> thrive the best, and the 
sugar. Norway, and other varieties of tuple 
aud the walnut, bench, and alder survive and 
grow in favorable situation* Many ever- 
green* die in time of drought, the variolic* 
that succeed the best being the Norway 
spruce ami the white Austrian and Scotch 
pines The original grow th of ocrub-uak in 
the |arks could not endure the amenities of 
cultivation and Hu- enrichment of the ground, 
hut died out rapidly, and better varieties were 
Set out in their place. In a single year 1 1 K7.6) 
80.000 tree* went planted in the South Park* 
Washington Park was gained foot by fout 
from a noisome swamp, the work of con- 
struction beginning at the northerly end of 
tlie tract. Iu putting the south part of iu ares 
into shape some of the surface was thrown 
into broken contour, making a pleasing al- 
ternation of eminences, lawns, and waters, 
Uic diversified character of the ground con- 
trasting well with the ojien meadow surface 
of the north end of tlic park. The earth 
dredged from the bed of the lake known ns 
the Mere, in the sotitlioart end of the park, 
furnished the material for filling in those 
places where the surfiioe of the ground wn* 
to be raised. A hamlwimr stone and lion 
bridge which crosses an arm of the Mere 
proved vrry expensive to build, owing to the 
quicksands cucouutered in placing tbc abut 

Jackson Park is tbe most extensive plea- 
sure ground of the dty. It U the least im- 
proved as to ils grounds of any of the Chi- 
cago park*, hut much money has hern ex- 

G tided in the last ten year* in protecting 
shores from the Inroads of the waves of 
Lake Michigan. 

A |H.-rmaueiit system of break water and 
artificial beach c-onriructlou begun In l$H4 
at the northerly end of the park coosIhI* of 
two rows of piles about seven feel apart, 
filled in with cedar batk and covered with 
a pavemcbi of limestone blocks. This struc- 
ture was placed in water of about three and 
a half feet depth, about a hundred feet 
from tbc natural store, the line of which it 
generally follows, it being reasoned that the 
form in which the washing of the unobrtrunt- 
ed waves hail left the shore would offer a 
harrier of the greatest resistance to their 
force, 

The space back of the breakwater has been 
graded and paved to a general width of 50 
fed with limestone or granite Mocks, begin- 
ning below the water level, and rising from 
front to rear in a curve similar to the con- 
tour naturally formed by wave* upon u sand 
beach. At the landward edge of tlic pave- 
ment is set a limestone curbing, buck of 
which i* a Hag walk 13 feel wide, adjoin 
ing a 50 foot driveway. Above the Park 
Haven Inlet a pleasure and protection pier 
extend* from the artificial beach far iuto Iho 
lake. 

The wall constructed on tbe south side of 
the Park Haven inlet, called tbr promontory 
wall, rises from four to thirteen feet, its aver- 
age height being about Um and a half foot, 
above the back edge of tlie breakwater. Its 
base is from four to ten fed wide, with a top 
width of from three to five feet; und the top 
of the wall is broken iu profile, some of the 
blocks rising two or three feci above their 
neighbor* It U la lilt of limestone rubble laid 
iu cement, and is fncxst wilh undreamed gran- 
ite irregularly laid, presenting Inteutiunsily 
a rough, irregular surface. 

This permanent shore protection comprise* 
7131 lineal feet of paved leach, averaging 10 
feel iu width, 2142 lineal feet of high pile 
breakwater, and 576 lineal feet of granite- 
fuced wall— iu ul], UN9 lineal feet The total 
cost up to the prerent time of all these shore 
improvements, including tbp sand filling con- 
nected therewith, is $4111,172 05 — an average 
of $42 57 per lineal foot. 

The great Interest manifested in tbc dis- 
play of flower* by the people who throng to 
tin- South Parks during the summer mouths 
has Ud to making floral decoration a marked 
feature- in the adornment of these grounds. 
This i-pect of tbc pleasure grounds is shown 
most fully nt tbe thcxcl entrance to Wash 
itigton Park, which on pleasant day* Urrowd- 
ral with people admiring the flowers. Bo 
popular has been Use display of ornate floral 
auu foliage pattern* that in tlie easterly part 
of Washington Park Uic triangular piece of 
ground seven acres in extent, surrounded by 
driveways, has liccn devoted wholly to flow' 
era iu in aim's and design*. This space, which 
was practically level, and Planted thickly 
with trees, wus reconstructed two years ago 
to entirely new contours for Uic purpose of 
floral decoration. A stra p undulating em- 
bankment of irregular alignment, averaging 
about eight fret in height, sloties from a cen- 
tral plat toward tlie surrounding driven, af- 
f ending a ground woik for the display of 
many gorgeous patterns fu llowers. 

Strolling or driving about this place, the 
visitor nice U u succession of surprise; iu tbe 



414 supplement to HARPER'S WEEKLY, JUKE «, issi. 415 



Digitized by Google 



SKETCHES IN THE CHICAGO PARKS.— Drawn by W. A. Rouriul 


416 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


shape of the most remarkable animals formed 
of plants, models i>f the earth 20 feet in di- 
ameter. the " (fates ajar.' * sun dial of ecbe- 
verias, or a calendar, changed dally, of bome- 
li'i'Us. “ Vccctablc sculpture” it bus been 
well named, and rcruialy very curious and 
wonderful are the effects produced there. 
It Is to be Imped tlut with the gradual evo- 
lution of the ({milder and simpler element* 
of the park landscape these features of curi- 
osity will be given more appropriate place*, 
le** antagonistic to the pleasure to be obtain- 
ed from natura) scenery, 

A feature of genuine sttraclivcirew is ex- 
hibited In the recently constructed lily basins 
in Washington Park, near the greenhouse*. 
They consist of n central circular basin 5S 
feet in diameter, with two rectangular arms 
31) feel wide, one arm extending to the mirth 
70 feet, the other to the southwest 90 feet. 
These lxuins have a total area of MOO square 
feet, lire two feet deep, and nre lined with 
Portland cement The) present nn interest- 
ing and lovely spectacle in the shape of the 
collection tlrey enclose, comprising nearly ev- 
ery Variety of beautiful water plant which 
can lie made to grow in the Chicago climate. 

The edifice* in the South Parks are simple, 
spur ion*, and well adapted for their designed 
use*. In the matter of refectories, carriage 
service, and similar public conveniences the 
coHunisriunera have guarded against abuse* 
by kwplug tin* control in their own hands. 
In the restaurant known ns the Park Retreat 
viands umJ temperance drink* are sold nl 
price* Intended to cover nnty their cost. A 
enmmoilinui building known n* tint Shelter 
stands m Jackson Pork, on the lHke shore, 
near Fifty-sixth Street. It is a MbeUutial 
stone nod brick structure. 199 feet long hr 90 
feet wide, with targe openiuen in the sides 
and ends, which are closed with steel shutters. 
The whole interior, which U large enough to 
nrrommodale 2 .VM) people at once, is in the 
form of n single room, with n ladles' toilet- 
mom in one corner, nud au elevated outlook 
in a tower at another corner. 

It* shade and airy situation make the Shel- 
ter during the mi miner n favorite place of re- 
sort. It is furnished with scuts, aud the floor 
of maple wood is so well suited for dancing 
that on ocnrlv every pleasant night during 
the season of mild w outlier It is occupied for 
that purpose by some company. Parties 
wishing to use this building for dancing are 
required to make application f i*r it* use upon 
o specified evening, when, if it has Dot Men 
previously engaged, it I* reserved for their 
u*e without charge. An outer promenade of 
granolithic cone ret* from ten to thirty feel 
wide. Imrderod by lawas. surrounds the Shel- 
ter. and ilience follow-* Uie paved beach the 
entire Irngtli of the Concourse— a miicuilum- 
bred carriageway 1 40 feet in width, extending 
97.1 feet ooutbw'ard along the lake shore. 

The menus of popular recreation within 
tire park* are ample. There are upon iu 
greens 40 liiwn-trnnis courts and 10 base ball 
diamond*, and many games of foot-hall are 
plarcd each season on the meadows of both 
parks. A small menagerie occupies a por- 
tion of the grounds, The South Parks are 
well policed by a forrr numbering 49 mem 
lor* In the sutniDcr and 8D in the winter, 
The people who customarily visit these recce. 
ntlon grmind* comprehend, os n wlrelc, tho 
proper nos-of parks, and are so orderly that 
Inil few arrests ltavo to he made during the 
year. 

Tit" artitlclal lakes, with clean, well gear- 
riled margins, add much to the ireniity of the 
lundsca{ie, and are a source of great enjoy- 
ment to visitors to the park* The (wets 
of pleusure Isials on the Jukes during the 
summer nffotd touch pleasant recreation, 
and in the winter the ire upon these sheets 
of water Is kept in good condition for the 
thousands of skater* that resort to them. It 
is no small trouble to maintain the park lakes 
in good appearance The ice breaks up the 
shore* somewhat in the w inter, and uu ex- 
uberant summer growth of aquatic weeds 
has to be kept down, so as not to interfere 
with tire pleasure* of boating. 

A frame skaling-linusc i:H) fret long and 
5*0 feel lu width h pul up each winter on 
the linnk of the Mere near tire southeast 
corner of Washington Park. It is made iu 
sections, so that it may readily be taken 
down and re erected. A smaller frame shel- 
ter of similar construction Mauds during the 
winter on the north Ixink of the smaller lake, 
which b reserved exclusively for the use of 



up. and sprinkled regularly through the dry 
season. These avenues make a circuit from 
the heart of the city through tire parks lu 
the hike shore on the East Side and to West- 
ern Avenue on tire W6st, cuitMiiuiiug a con* 
tiniious driveway over sixteen mile* long, 
with most attractive surroundings. A park 
earrings service wo* introduced at an early 
period by the coinnUnsiiMi. Tlie route* have 
Uod extended us improvements widened, un 
til at present their course comprises a circuit 
from the Phaeton Cottage at the head of 
Drexcl Boulevard rid the Grand Boulevard 
to Jackson l'ark. returning through the 
Drexcl B»iil«r*rd, making a round trip of 
nearly nitre miles, for which a diargc of 
thirty cents is mode Thirty Shetland riding- 
ponies are kept on hire in the South I ‘ark*. 

As the work of construction has gone for- 
ward, the facilities for recreation, like tboeu 
of the other pleasure grounds of Chicago, 
have been fully improved by the people us 
fast as spore could be prepared for their re- 
ception. The vkti'Qsiuu of the cable -car 


lines, making Jackson Park easy of access, 
added so many daily visitors to Uie South 
Parks that fur a time the lawns could not be 
extended foot enough to uccouimodule those 
persoos who wished in enjoy Hu m. Ladies, 
children, and family parties visit the park* 
in such numbers as to utilise tbo picnic 
grounds to their full extent. Great crowd* 
gather to hear tire music at the summer con- 
certs. of which six are given— thrro in each 
park— at stated times during tho season, and 
on these occasions thousands of carriages 
came lo the nark. 

Various change* in nomenclature Lava 
been made, among which ure those hy which 
the " tawer Division " of South Park became 
Lake and then Jncksau I'nrk. the "Upper Di- 
vision," succcwively West nud ” ‘a»lilngtou 
Park; and Garfield Avenue roct.veil it* pre- 
sent name. Iu 1 875 the twenty acre square 
at the junction of Garfield and Western 
A ventre boulevards was named Gage Park, 
in honor of Mr. George W. Gage, one of the 
original members of the South Park Com- 
mission. In l&K) Michigan Avenue, and 
Thirty fifth Street from Michigan Avenue 
to Grand Boulevard, were placed under the 
control of the South Park Commissioners. 

Tire park lax realizes for the Smith Park 
system about $400,000 yearly, of which $1-V0,- 
WO U used for the purpose* of maintenance, 
and the remainder expended ou new work. 
It is eslimutrd that $3,000,000 will tic re- 
qtlirrd to complete the unimproved park 
area, and $130,000 to complete the boulevard 
system. 

In the South Side- park system there is only 
one monument of importance— the bronze 
fountain at the little square where Drexcl 
Boulevard turn* at Fifty-first .Street, ill the 
north end of Washington Park. This ornate 
nod costly structure w as coat in Berlin, and 
n il* the gift of tire Drexcl brothers, of Phila- 
delphia, for whose father the parkway was 
minted. 

The meadow at the north end of Washing- 
ton Park, known os tire South Open Green, 
and designed to have the character of an 
open rural common, i* a very grand feature. 
It contain* nearly 100 acres of Bat smooth 
turf, n bit of r«l prairie, and except In the 
parts affected by the incongruous floral toy* 
before referred to, its extent, breadth, and 
tire mi press ion that it imparts of repore and 
quiet i* very striking. The South Park witer 
arrangements arc ample, and by tlrelr aid tire 
gnre* Is kept green in the drycii limr* of Ure 
year; 210 acres of lawns arc kept clean cut 
with lawn mower*, and u* a further moans 
of cropping the grass, and to add to the rural 
npptitiuiice of the grounds, a flock of sheep 
i* pastured in the South Parks. 

THE WEST SIDE PARK*. 

By the law creating the conunlsaion and 
authorizing the location of the West Side 
parks, twelve square mile* of new territory 
were added lo ine West Division of the city 
of Chicago. The commission bcgiui work 
hy laying out in tbo West Division u houlc- 
vard system to connect with the designed 
pleawrowaya of the North ami South sides. 
Along these boulevards, on a general north 
and south line through the centre of the West 
fuilc division, lie the three parks— Douglas, 
Garfield, and HumlxildL 

Mr. W. T„ B. Jenncy was employed hy the 
cumtni-aion u* architect and engineer to pre- 
pare design* for the improvement of lire West 
bide parks, ami superintend their const ruc- 
tion An early photograph of the site of one 
of these park* ns it appeared in 1870 exhibits 
an unbounded expanse of bleak plain, desti- 
tute of vegetation, except low pralr teller huge 
and a distant litre of spindling young tree*, 
hardly more sylvan In appearance than tele- 
graph (rale*. In the foreground arc stagnant 
po-ils of w-atcr arid an unfenced, ungraded 
prairie trail. Tire scene is as banco, lone, 
and desolate an could well be conceived. 
This condition, the ordinary one at lhat time 
of Chicago suburban area*, offered not one 
suggestion for the leading design of the fu- 
ture ] Kirks, and there was upon the wliolc 
tract not a single tree of natural growth 
worthy of preservation. Tire soil, h loam 
varying in thickness from three indies to 
twelve inches, rested upon a heavy clay sub- 
soil. wlih here and there u small bowlder. To 
mnke this land arable required that much 
compost and black soil be added to it. 

Tire problem of properly draining tire 
park sites was solved by the excavation of 
lire basin uf an artificial lake in cnch. with 
bank* high enough above tire water level to 
form a reiser voir which should receive the 
water that should fall upon the park lu the 
heaviest ruins, and dbduirgc it into the street 
si’wor servin' The earth removed in dig- 
ging l Irene lake beds served to raise tire 
ground ou the remainder of the park, and 
produce picturesque elevations of surface. 
Four artesiuu wells were band, each one de- 
livering a fine flow of water for the supply 
uf the lakes and the irrigation of tire land. 

In the boulevard circuit of lire city tbc 
route, after leaving Ure South Park*, follows 
Garfield and Western Avenue boulevards to 
the West Side parkway which leads to Doug- 
las Park, the most southerly of the recreation- 
ground* of lire West Division. From this 
pleasure ground Douglas Boulevard extends 
ii mile and a half north and west to Garfield 
I 'ark ; and north of thU tract, connected with 
it by Central Boulevard, lie* IIumUil.lt Park. 
From tin* park Humboldt Boulevard leads 
north and cast three miles to the branch of 
the Chicago River separating Ure West from 
the North Division. To meet this pleasure- 


way a boulevard will one day Ire built east 
ward from Lincoln Park, probably along 
Diwereey Avenue, filling oire of Ure two 
gaps that make tire circuit of the city incom- 
plete. City streets sod avenue* connected 
with the West Side park* have been trans- 
formed into IxiulevanD, and placed under ,UtC 
control of the commissioners for park pur- 
po»e« Eighteen mile* of wide boulevard* 
arc laid out and to a great extent completed 
on the West Side, making n system of must 
attractive recreation way a. 

Douglas, Garfield, and Humboldt park* 
contain respectively 179#,. 183/A. 20OM- 
arre*. or DM#, acres lu all. The four park 
boulevards— Douglas, Central. Humboldt, 
and Southwest— 2S0 feel wide, with a total 
length of miles, comprise an area of WJ 
acre*, making a total of 829,% acres In tho 
Weal Bide park system proper. Five city 
recreation ground* under the Park Boards 
control (Union. Jefferson. Vernon, Wicker, 
and Campbell Itarksy. containing altogether 
30^V acres, and five city avenues (Washing- 
ton, Juck*on, A»h)nnd, Twelfth Street, nud 
Ogden Avenue Boulevard. i transformed Into 
parkways, with a total length of 94 miles, 
bring the extent of all Ure parks an. I boule- 
vards under the cootrol of the hoard to 040 
■mg of which area 422 sms are mainly 
completed, and Did acres are in process of 
Improvement 

Tire total amount expended in tbs creation 
of the West 8ul« parks up to tire present 
time is, in round uumliers, $ 5 , 200 , 000 . The 
amount collected annually from all sources 
for the park fund is from $200,000 to $2.10, ■ 
900, of which about $140,000 i* required for 
the maintenance of tire park* and parkway*, 
mid lire most uf the remainder is available 
for purposes of construction. 

The West Hide park* ure well distributed, 
nnd very convenient of access for tire people 
of the west part of the city. They have the 
features in common of good landscape ef- 
fects with a considerable impression of spa 
ciouSMM. Tlreir walks, driveway*, and me- 
andering artificial lake* lie amid spaces 
adorned with trees, shrubbery, and flowers. 
Garfield, formerly known n* Central, Park i* 
crossed from cast to west by two public ways, 
Lake and Madison street*, which divide it 
into three parts, called lire Northern, tin- Cen- 
tral, and the Southern divisions. Humboldt 
Park, the most favored in it* natural features, 
has been must easily improved and beauti- 
fied Its site is so high as to require com- 
rorulively little filling, anil such public 
highways a* crowed it at the time it was laid 
out were closed without much iocouvtnieuce 
to public traffic. 

In both Garfield and Humboldt park* are 
pleasing summer rumbles. Tire division 
of Garfield Dark south of Madison Street, 
containing 97 acre*, has recvnlly been lev 
died and turned into n spacious lawn, 
Which is to be in pirl laid out for base ball, 
tennis, and oilier out-of-door game* In 
Douglas Park tire artificial lake Is a leading 
feature. The lakes iu the three parks afford 
nn attractive place for boating, there being 
In the summer season over 200 pleasure-boats 
nflnnt upon their water*, mid in the winter 
they nre a jiopular place of resort for skaters. 

Owing to natural limitations, the Wert 
Bide parks are characterized hy artificial, 
pretty, and pleasant features, while lacking 
the brooder and grander scenic clement* 
possessed by tire parks iu the other divisions 
of the city. ' The circtimMaocc* of tlicir area 
and location operate against complete seclu- 
sion. nnd the people for w Imse use they par- 
ticularly were built, and who pay far them, 
care- lew for tranquillizing scenery than for 
an interesting garden like resort with agree- 
able artificial accessories. While satisfying 
this demand, the commissi nn ha*, neverthe- 
less. produced a work worthy of high ndmi 
ration, and which, measured by the realiza- 
tion of lire result* desired, has gone a long 
way in the direction of complete success. 
The resident* of the West Hide are mostly 
people of small income, whose desire fur 
nptm-air recreation U satisfied by garden* 
easily reached, in which they may go plea- 
suring. In these patks they "find at tuura ar- 
bors, shady walks, little lakes, nnd other at- 
tractions which do not exact much lime or 
travel to br visited nnd enjoy ml. 

The principal approach from the cost aide 
of the city to tbc West Side park* i* the part 
of Washington Street running west from 
Halsied Street to Garfield Park. This street, 
transferred to the West Side park system in 
1879, wns extended and changed into a park 
way passing through that pretty anil well 
improved urban space. Union Park, a tract 
fifteen acres in extent, in which is situated 
the baud'- -mu edifice built for the offices of 
the West Side Park CommiBslooera. At Gar- 
field Park a scries of large structures, built 
about a Htmciuus quadrangle, nerve for tbo 
acroinmodalion of all tbo horses of the entire 
West Side Park system, as a place for tbc do- 
ing of carpenter and other mechanical work 
connected with these recreation grounds, and 
for the storage of Implements and materials. 
An arboretum, designed to exhibit type* of 
all trees that can be made to grow In the 
latitude of Chicago, is situated in tbc division 
of Garfield Park north of Lake Street. 

Tho grot n I muses are n prominent feature 
of the West Hide parks. Hie principal one be- 
ing tire great winter garden recently erected 
in Dougin* Park at a exist of $88,000. It is 
situated un the south aide of Ogden Avenue, 
on terraces sloping southward to tire lake 
and hmt-lnndini.' near the bund stand. It is 
a largo structure of iron and glass, in Ure 


form of a cent re pavilion, with cast and west 
wing*. This building, one of the moot ex 
tensive ami the best equipped structure of 
tire kind in the country, is intended fur the 
Culture of the more delicate plant* and flow- 
er* of the temperate zone and for palm tree* 
and other tropical vegetation, In one of Its 
divisions Ib a spacious ixtsin designed for the 
growth, in all reasons of licautiful oxolic 
water plants. 

THE NORTH HIDE PARK ST STEM. 

The North Side park system of Chicago 
compare* tbc Lake Shore Drive aud several 
short boulevard*, ami Lincoln Park, which Is 
nearer to the business centre of tire city dun 
an v park of the South nr West Side, it being 
only n mile and a half from tire mouth of tbo 
Chicago River to it* main entrance. Begin- 
ning at Chtk Street, just north of the water- 
works, the take Shore Drive follows the 
margin of the hike nearly a mile to North 
Avenue, at the beginning of tbe park, ami 
con limns alone the shore a mile and a half 
farther, through the entire length or the 
grounds This part of Chicago i* a fashion- 
able and attractive one. am) along tbe drive 
way and tbc west border of the park Maud 
runny of the finest houses uf the city. 

Lincoln Park, the first of tho" Chicago 
parks tu he prepared fur pleasure ure, is a 
mile and a half long and a half-mile wide. 
It lies along the sfaorcuof take Michigan in 
a generally north and south direction, its 
south part being upon ground onre occupied 
hy the old Chicago Cemetery. Us extent- 
including fire st recta of a total length of two 
riinl a quarter miles and an area of 30 acre* 
taken a* ltoulcvardi*— is acres, it being 

the third in sire of the Chicago park*. The 
completion of tire shore Improvement* will 
add about 90 acres to it* area. 

The natural face of its site was of tbc 
character common to land* upon the south- 
western hike coast— a sandy waste simnu-ly 
wooded with scrub oak amf a ragged wave- 
washed shore. To bring the hind to a con- 
dition of fertility 109.U0U cubic yards of clay 
ami many thousand cubic ynnls of black soil 
bad to be distributed upon it, and to preserve 
the improvements along the lake shore the 
invading water* have lo lie withstood at ev- 
ery point Daspitc lire naturally unfnvora 
ble features of tbc lruct.it lias Men turned 
into an agreeable and very populur pleasure- 
ground. A* a plare for people, poor and 
rich alike, to visit for recreation of u whole- 
some ami natural kind, it takes a leading 
place among the parka of tire country. 

Lincoln Park i.< favored in Ui« facility with 
which it* material for grading and for land- 
scape-gardening i* obtained, »t a compara- 
tively small expense, by dredging, and iu 
outlay for the imiinteoimoe of parkways is 
small cnmpnml with that of tbc other park 
systciUH. Like the other parks uf the city, 
it di-jwnilrd at first upon orloian wells for 
water, but tlieae proving iusufiick-ul. it now 
ha* its own water work*, drawing an ample 
supply from take Michigan, tbe two well* 
still -crying to replenish the water lu the ar- 
tificial lake*. 

The total cost of the park from its begin- 
ning to tbc present lime ha* been alioiJt 
$4,400,000. Tbe park lux und rent yield 
over $190,000 yearly. There is spent upon 
its njuiateiuinu- from $80,000 to $85,000 au- 
nually, which leaves about $190,000 to lie 
devoted to the payment of bonded indebted- 
ness and tire Improvement of the psrk. 

In the carrying forward of tbe ]xirk design 
tire work of construction has been simple 
a till rmoomiod. Costly structures have been 
avoided tu far os possible, and the natural 
growth of Urea and sbnilis has been retained 
to assist in diversifying tbc landscape. From 
the outwt of tbe work tbc comtnUsionera 
have aimed so successfully to keep expense* 
whliiu tire limit >>f tire money tliey had to 
spend tlut no debt* have liech Incurred ex- 
cept the obligations legally made for the pur- 
pose of buying Und, With the resourres at 
their disposal they have made a very credit- 
able showing 

Tire most impressive feature of Lincoln 
Park b tire water outlook. Thu enslnurtl 
prosper*. u|x-i>* upon the wide blue waters of 
Lake Micblirtiti. which stretches eastward tu 
tire horizon" it* surface enlivened by white 
aails, pufliug tug-lxiais, ami inus-ive propel- 
low. Landward from the take Shore Drive 
is stum tbe fresh und verdant pink lanilwxpn, 
with its roundod eminene**, artificial lakes, 
groves, and clumps of shade trees, shnildrery, 
ph-nannt lawns, winding diite*. nud extetwivt! 
flower gardens. To tfre south tire vk-w ex- 
tends along the low eastward curving shore 
to the long piers between which the Chicago 
River runs into tbe lake. 

The unresting enemy of the Shore Drive 
is tire great lake, wlitcb, with a long sweep 
unbroken by Sheltering headlamts. beats I u 
mighty waves against it when lashed by east- 
erly winds. Various inelhiAfs have In-en tried 
tu k«-p tbc t-ucroacliing waters from eating 
into the land. Tire form of structure known 
us the Netherlanda plan, consisting of brush 
mattrraM* Iniii along the shore in a depth of 
from three to five feet uf water, and above 
them a heavy stone psvement. worked well 
for a time; hut several years ngn. iu a spring 
storm, it did not prevent tire wan* from de- 
stroying a large part uf the roadway, with 
the trees and other improvements. 

The breakwater begun in the summer of 
18k8 consists or n massive Moui- wall built in 
Water uf cr-uMderablr depth, at a distance of 
from to 500 feet from the present shore. 

<{V annual on fupf ID.) 





T1IE PROPOSED BOULEVARD TUXNEL. CI1ICAOO.— Drawn by Cilarlxs Graham riion Acckptkd Plan*.— [S ue 1*auk 449.] 

1. Interior, (bowing Driveway and Footway. S. Entrance to TunneL . , 

Digitized by CjOOgle 





HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XX. TV. .NO 1 70'i 


•S38 


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Harpers Weekly, 

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ma* ktyiit *itfi tiny Xnmbtr. 


POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE. 

rpIlE Boston Journal is evidently of opinion that 
I polities] independence in impossible. But if the 
lust six year* have taught uny le.weuu in politics. it is 
that both of the extent mi«t power of such indejieii- 
d«»nee. There ix ill present M4i overwhelming public 
issue like slavery or the war. xo that while there is 
wide speculation upon the probable chief question of 
the campaign of next year, the only questum which 
may be said to divide pur tics is not so much protec- 
tion as the tariff. If a mini held corruption and 
consequent extravagance and ilcmoralization to be 
radieitl and imminent dangers, although u protection - 
ist, be would not support, except as a mere partisan, a 
|Mrty whose | mliey promoter those tendencies in the 
country. If. on the other hand, he were • revenue re 
former. hut warmly favored high license in a Suite, lie 
would not support a tariff reform eundiduic, as such, 
for the State legislature. Tims in 1888 there was a 
large vote in New York cast both for Warner Mil- 
ler as Governor of the State and for Grover (T.kve- 
Laxd as President But this vote was neither Repub- 
lican nor Democratic ax such. It was the vote of an 
independence which is perfectly possible, and which 
is not impaired by being called either assistant Repub- 
licanism or assistant Democracy. Such voting, how- 
iiver. although entirely pmcticable mill natural for 
men who respect their own convictions, is not the 
way to nlllce or to party honor. The GREKI.KY mug 
wutnpsof 1872 in New York have been the most un- 
hesitating Republican partisans ever since. because 
they found unqi test ion irig partisanship the essential 
condition of official advancement. 

A distinctive ]«irty vote is that which Ik cast ac- 
cording to the party label of the candidate, not ac- 
cording to the conviction* of the voters. Imb*- 
pendence uses parties to promote the public welfare, 
not parly success. Rincc- 1884 the independent pres* 
in New York hits supported the Republican guber- 
natorial candidate*. Mr. PavekiniRT and Mr Mll.LF-R. 
atiil the Democratic ramliilalc for the Presidency. 
Mr. Cleveland. It has preferred the Republican 
probability upon the chief State issue*, and the Dem- 
ocratic probnhility on the chief national i**ue, No- 
thing wouhl have been gain's) for any public object 
if the indcpcmliMil press had surrendered its inde- 
|iendencc and donned a parly livery. So with the 
voter*. Since JKS4 great numbers of New-Yorkers 
have voted for Republican Stale and local candi- 
dates I* •cause they are in sympathy with them upon 
State issues, and for the Democratic electors tie- 
cause they agreed with them on the national issue 
of Uie campaign -i. They would not have voted for 
yt’AY's man had they been m Pennsylvania last au- 
tumn. They do not vote for a Democrat when to 
vote for him is to injure objects that they have at 
henrt, nor for a Republican under similar circum- 


stances. and this decision is governed by weighing 
many considerations. The vote which is indepen- 
dent is not determined by a caucus ora convention. 
But the caucus or convention haring acted, the voter 
decides for himself. 

This is not because of uu willingness to lake part in 
the party caucus, hut bccauna the pnrty caucus will 
not admit a voter unless he agrees to surrender his 
independence. In 1888 the Republican* in New York 
would not have admitted him had lie stated that he 
intended to vote for Mr. CLEVELAND, nor the Demo- 
crats if he had said that he should vote for Mr. 
Miller and the loral candidate*. The party excludes 
him, unlr*a he agrees to vote as the |>arly dictates, 
There are droll people who apparently fancy that 
they rommem) themselves to adunr.il inn by saying 
that they have never voted any ticket but the Re- 
publican or the Democratic. If they tell the truth, 
they exult in having been often led by very con- 
temptible leader*. Indepemlent voting is the result 
of the common -sense and self-respect which restrain 
the excesses of party spirit— a force which is zealously 
fostered by Mr. Qt’iY and Mr. Clarkson and Govern- 
or Hill und Tammany Hall, but which Wahiiino- 
Ti»N exhorted us to restrain. He was, |>erhaps. as 
sensible and patriotic and wise ns they, It j$ party 
spirit, not sympathy with a general party tendency, 
which has creates! the party machine- -a power with- 
out principle of uny kind cxcejit plunder, and which 
has ilevelopcd patronage into a vast system of par- 
tisan bribery by public money. This is all very ele- 
mentary for full-grown Americans. But the party 
spirit which sneer* at independence, and governs by 
the corruption of money and terror, is the real foe 
of republican liberty. The bulwark of that, liberty is 
the political indepemience which elected Mr. Cleve- 
land in 1884, und which will act with the same free 
dom in 1892. 

PROTECTING THE SEALS. 

The latest correspondence on the seal question 
forecast* a settlement. The conversation in Parlia- 
ment illustrated the accuracy «f Mr. I'HKlJ’s's re- 
mark that upon a foreign question mere party differ- 
ences cense, nml party chiefs do not think it necessary 
to attack a measure merely because it proceeds from 
the opposition, and may turn to it* advantage, The 
most striking remark was that 4>f Sir William Ver- 
non llARroi'RT, "who agreed with Mr. SMITH [the 
government leader] that a aerious misunderstanding 
between England ami the United Slate* would be 
a great calamity. The government would alwnys 
rreciv4' the support of the opposition in referring 
national questions to arbitrathm. The Bering Sen 
dispute seemed to be one, above all others, lending 
itself to arbitration. Therefore he had nothing to 
say except to express satisfaction with the course 
adopted. It was satisfactory to find Canada a juirty 
to the arrangement,” There has been delay on both 
side*. England's wicked partner has been Canada, 
and our* has been the North American Scaling Com- 
pany. 

We first proposed to suspend entirely the American 
taking at seals in return for the British suppression 
of Canadian poaching. We then modified the offer 
by the jimposul to permit 7500 reals to Ik- taken by u*. 
not for commerce, but to provide food for the inhab- 
itants, who must otherwise he supported by the Amer- 
ican Sealing Company, each government guarantee- 
ing to restrain its citizens from killing reals until 
May 1. 1892, within which time the arbitrator* shall 
render a final judgment. Bending a reply to Mr 
Blaine'* letter stating the precise conditions, the 
English government introduced a bill in Bari lament 
prohibiting the English killing of seals, and it was 
upon the second reading that the conversation took 
place. It may be assumed that the dispute will be 
adjusted peacefully, as all such questions should be 
adjusted. At no lime ho* the discussion amuses! 
very wide interest in this country. The merit* of 
the rare liave not been generally umlerslnod, anti 
public sentiment, so far ns it ha* been expressed. has 
been mainly determined not by knowledge, but by 
party sympathy. 

In the- official correspondence there have been Mmr 
remarkable difference* of view in regard to fact*. 
When the question of a close season, upon which an 
agreement ha* now been reached, wa* first proposes! 
hv UK under the last administration, England ac- 
ceded. and Russia heartily concurred. But Canada 
jirolewted, line! England he-stUilesl. When the qm-x- 
tion was reopened, a long controversy over jurisdic- 
tion followed. On both sid4-s the 4-orrespon<l4-nce has 
lieen ingenious and able, ami we raised a strong point 
in the allegation that tin* wanton detraction of the 
seal* was an offence against Hie common right* of 
Immunity recognized by the local laws of civilized 
state*. If these right* are not cognizable by the law 
of nations, they ought, to la*. Throughout the corre- 
s|M)ii4lence England has been in the pmiiinn of con- 
niving at an offniee which she had admitted ought 
to l«e prohibited. 8 lie ha* denied our authority upon 
the open Bering Sea. But a modus n'o-w/i, such 
a* has now been adopted, might have been reached, 
pending the deti-rmination of the question of juris- 


diction. At all limes during the debate the idea of a 
violent issue has not been euUu mined. It must be a 
question of extreme gravity which would bring the 
two English-speaking nation* into armed collision. 
Ti*0 malign influence of ixduical servility to the Irish 
rote i* happily less pressing, and the sounder and 
controlling American opinion accord*, entirely with 
that expressed in Parliament. 

BACCARAT AND ROYALTY. 

The appearance of the Prince of Wale*, the future 
King of England, in a court of law to testify that he 
' banked" in a country house for a party of "fast" 
if not '•Wash - ' men ami women, who accused one of 
their number of cliealingntcanl*, is a spectacle which 
must make self-respecting Englishmen thoughtful. 
But they will become mom thoughtful, perhaps, as 
they reflect that it is better for the political peace of 
England that it* future King should piny Imccnmt in 
questionable company than show a disposition actual- 
ly govern his renlnt. For this is a suggestive com 
mentary upon the English monarchical system. Tim 
Primes great-uncle Gft'ROK the Fourth was a worth- 
less personage, but iu his duy there wu* still some 
glamour left to royalty, and minister*, for their own 
ends, were soim-tiniea inclined to promote his positive 
personal interference in affair*. But such a disjiosi- 
tion would uot be tolerated now. The fiction of the 
crown as a personal power is perfectly apparent, and 
as the King is simply a figure head, the more eviih-nl 
the fact, the more assured is the constitutional play 
of parties. Therefore, whatever shows the Prince to 
lie a good-natured iwial trifler. with no taste or tal- 
ent for jsilitical affairs, the heller for England. 

To a manly nature no conspicuous pan in the 
world ran lie more galling thun that allotted both 
now and later to the Prince of Wales. His funclion 
is not to lwi that which it seems to be. He will be 
a King tolerated because he doe* not possess royal 
power. As he 4locs not rhanco to have serious tastes 
like his father. Prince ALBERT, his 4Hily earnest pur- 
suit must be doing nothing, and the condition* of Ilia 
position necessarily tempt him to be good for nothing. 
If hr prove to be. ns the Prince of Wale* is under- 
stood to lie. a good-natured saunterer living for en- 
joyment. the devout Englishman may thank hia 
stars. If scandals of varioUs kinds occasionally 
cloud hi* career, the good Englishman may rejoice if 
they do mil involve flagrant personal disgrace. No 
man is subjected to a more searching ordeal of char- 
acter tlum the Prince of Wales. It is mo merit for 
|moi* and obscure men to be irrepmacluiblc. when it is 
highly creditable for a prince. The soul 4>f fit. Francis 
was not troubled by the assaults of the devil when he 
came ax a demon ; it was imperilled only when he ap- 
peared a* a houri. It in the utmost good fortune 
rather than ill fortune which endanger* character. 
It is Capua which undermines; the sun. not the wind. 

But whatever the fact of the British Constitution 
may lie, Baoeuot says that the general uncultivated 
Englishman suppose.* ilml the Qui-rn sits upon a 
throne, crowned, ami holding a sceptre, and actually 
governing England. Willi the sturdy sense of the 
race, it wouhl scr-in probable that when the truth 
became clear to the average Englishman that his 
King is in no sense a king, he would a*k whether roy- 
alty i* not an expensive fiction. When the figure 
which ia set up to symbolize political unity and au- 
thority actually symbolize* social corruption, the 
•low, good Briton will naturally joinder. An ami- 
able. jilensure-Beeking Prince may seem to political 
England better than a politically ambitious and in- 
quisitive and meddlesome heir apparent. But scene* 
like that at Trnnby Croft, and other English scene* 
of which recently there have hoon glimpse*, like the 
orgies of the court world of Hkrx'EY, nml the revel* 
at tla- Trianon at Versailles » hundred year* ago. 
loosen the roots of royally. There is much more in- 
volved in the late trial in Loudon thnu cheating at 
card*. 

OUR INTEREST IX THE NEWFOUND- 
LAND TROUBLE. 

Tub administration may lie drawn into oorro- 
s|ioudence with France as it has been with England 
and Italy. France claim* that by the Treaty of Ver- 
saille*. in 1783, she obtained tbe righi to the exclusive 
use of the western roast and waters of Newfoumlland 
for fishing purposes, and in 1886 the French cruisers 
were instructed to seize and confiscate all instrunu-ut* 
of fishing belonging t4> foreigners or other*, ‘'resident 
or otherwise, "on that part of tlie coast. In 1818 Eng- 
land conceded to us by treaty the same Ashing right* 
along the coast which she hail granted to France, and 
for seventy-three years we have exercised those priv- 
ileges. But it is now alleged that a French admiral 
has assumed contra! of the water* of St. George'* Hsv, 
slopping the Newfoumlland fishing, and driving away 
local fishermen who were bailing American vessel*. 
To tbe protest of our fishers lie replied that he did not 
recognize the Anglo-American treaty, and our rcaaels 
left The people on 81. Pierre's Bay have been warn 
t*d by the French not to sell Unit to United States 
fishermen, under pimalty of seixure of boats and net*. 
Sir James FekuCssoN, the political Secretary of the 



JUNE IS, last. 

British Foreign Office, *»«'» tlmt this is nnt n specific 
infraction of the treaty of ISIS, winch conveys to us 
only the right to fish on cerium parts of llio coast. 
But it is a violation of British rights, ntnl it has been 
brought to the attention of France. 

It is the old question of the interpretation of trea- 
ties, England deni** the exclusive right claimed by 
France, and Lord rAlJHKBSTOX in JH38 declared tliat 
the Frenrh and English rights were concurrent. 
But the hill of Lord K*VTBroR» — llm government 
bill now pending in Parliament -authorizes British 
officers to enforce the treaty rights of France in New- 
foundland w uters, unless Newfoundland herself pro- 
vide for their enforcement. The people of New- 
foundland urv naturally profound i,v excited, ami have 
sent a delegation to England, whirh has been heard 
in Parliament, urging the government to give New- 
foundland time to make provision in a manner which 
is stalls I, Pending this understanding, the French 
admiral apparently assert* French authority even to 
the exclusion of American fishermen, and ns an arbi- 
tration has been invited, England a*ks France to ex- 
plain. 

It is another case for arbitration, not for quarter- 
deck diplomacy. The treaties between France and 
England are those of Utrecht nnd Versailles, one of 
them more than a century old, the oilier a century 
and three-quarters. If England granted such ex- 
clusive authority to France in 17K3, she could not 
grant us the privileges of our treaty of 1818, because 
she had already conveyed them to France. Our 
rights would fall with the admission that they were 
not England's to give But the party vitally inter- 
ested is Newfoundland. Its chief dependence is its 
fisheries, and if its most important coast and wutrra 
are beyond its own control, it is practically a colony 
of France, The situation is intolerable for New- 
foundland; and the same concern for an American 
dependency which led England to hesitate about a 
convention for protecting the seals should induce her 
to aid Newfoundland in this very much more serious 
extremity. The situation, however, becomes acute 
when a French admiral in English water* gives or- 
ders to British subjects and drives away American 
vessel*, It is already hinted in Newfoundland that 
if England cannot protect the colony, some other 
kind of protection must be sought But there is no 
reason to doubt tliat a solution of the trouble can lie 
found in arbitration. If there be any lighting to he 
done by European powers, it is not in American wa- 
ters and on questions involving American rights tliat 
those powers would prefer to begin. 

THE INEVITABLE. 

A i m w n of the Postmaster General l* reported to hnve 
•a U1 recently : “If a spittoon-cleaner dies. tire telegraph wires 
grow hot with messages from Senator* ami Hcpcrrentalivc* 
and party committeemen tiesirgingtlie P.iMinnster General r>f 
the United State* to appoint two or three dozen men to the 
meant plane. He must either insult I hem all by peremp- 
torily ‘turning them down,' or he must examine into thrir 
respective claims with care before making his choice, which 
finally pleases one supplicant ami angers nil the rest." 

Tliiiaanoynnnc issnid to have exasperated the l'mtmuilrr- 
lleoernl into • resolution to reform the system of prom til km 
in the department. A* tho Time* points out. the reform ii 
already liter*. if lie chooses 1o adopt it. The reported “ con- 
version * of tho Postmaster General to reform, which mean*, 
probably. Ills Impatience and disgust with the system of 
starting tho whole steam-engine of patronage to pare sn ap- 
ple. is not pcmltar to him. T went r year* ngo Gen end Cox. 
Secretary of the Interior, said plainly tliat Congressional in- 
sistence upon the lm«iiw-»s of appointing am) removing spit- 
lonfl-ctoartcra and similar functionaries left lire I mad of a de- 
partment little time for the rliwhnrge of hi* proper duties 

The spoil* system will either break down of its own weight, 
or, as LtltCXtMC mid. it will break down the government 
When the anny of spittoon cleaners and dm w omen is dou- 
bled and quadrupled, the Postmaster General will have no 
limn to consider (lie postal service. Moreover, tlie politic* of 
that army, and of the mot Iters. hudnmU, unde*, cousins. nnd 
•icfiliews of the char-women, will lie to heap them in place 
“ There are no polities in ptdiliro." Tlie sole politics of 
Tammany Hall nnd the Ih-publienn politirinns who combine 
with it is plumlrr. line* the Postmaster General himself 
owe his office lo hi* public services or to his party leader- 
ship? 

CITY RAPID TRANSIT. 

It Is not often that the report of a eommiwion upon a 
question so difficult nnd romplrx as that of rapid transit in 
a great city is received with such cordial approval as tliat 
nt tire Itnjiid Transit fVimmissioners iu New York. The 
proUvai km i* peculiarly perplexing. Tlie volume of city 
travel is all directed upon the lower point of the island in a 
constantly increneing ni**s. A viaduct through the build- 
ings would lie cosily laeyond possibility. Tin- rapacity of 
tire present system of elevated mad* I* exhausted, and the 
method is frit to be essentially temporary. A sunken rond 
or n tunnel system offered every kind of perplexity front 
question* of ventilatioii und motive power With nil lltcro 
there was to lie considered and withstood the pressure of 
strong atid divergent tinanrinl interest*. 

It Is greatly to the credit of the eomtnbsioo that without 
unseemly delay it lut* propped a scheme which seem* to I* 
feasible ami wiiisfactory. Its details are familiar, for the 
pres* in general lias stated tlisvn n itla cordial approval. Tlie 
proposal is confined at preneat to lire wrat side of the city. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 

nnd contemplate* n system of tunnels for four tracks, one 
for through trains nnd one for local traffic, the tunnel* to I si 
excavated far below nil pl|au ansi the foundation* of build- 
ings. The motive power will bo electricity, ami without 
moke and strain It I* believed to be easy to secure proper 
ventilation. 

ThU is the general plan, nnd the estimated cost for such a 
mad for about twenty miles »* $40,000,000. If that sum i* 
wisely rstimntnl, the cost will be no difficulty, hut lire stork 
would lira most tempting investment. The ventilation seems 
to be the chief question. But the favorable experience of 
similar tunnel* in England is mid to be conclusive, and the 
ability of M-iencu to deal with such a point la not doubted. 
It i» understood that the elevated road will compete for pub- 
lic favor with lire new project. But tire practicable roil lea 
of on elevated read. Its rate of speed, and Its ability to sat- 
isfy lire requirements are doubtful. There will Ire always 
a certain part of the public which prefers to tmvH above- 
ground Hut a monopoly of city transit is not neecmary 

THE THREATENED ADIRONDACK 
Forests. 

The. public mind has been thoroughly aroused to the im- 
pending peril tlmt threatens the Adirondack wood*, nnd 
through that, the water supply of the State. TlreNcw York 
State Forestry Association— a aoclety whirh mo*t nnt bo 
euafotwdod with tire Adirondack Park Association— began 
some month* ago a movement lo arrest the railrnad opera- 
tions which now menace the northern forest*. Last winter 
it introduced a bill into the Legislature intended lo prevent 
such enterprise* na that which is now attempting to devastate 
lire woods, and that failing to pass, the association has 
transmitted lo the Forest Commission a strong expression of 
It* opposition. It ha* also procured a large numlrer of sig- 
nature* to an address warmly deptecuting the impending 
Injury to the woods and the State. 

Thu Forestry Association iv liaelf (in Illustration of tire ac- 
tive and intelligent public spirit which defend* grant com- 
mon Intervals against ruthless private greed. It if a volun- 
tary association, with a membership whirh embrace* a large 
body of eminent citizens, and by vigilance and sagacity keep* 
lire eommunity fully informed of sinister design*, like the 
various, assault* upon the Adirondack woods, am) of the 
specious picas under whieh they are pushed It Lv doing 
much Uie same kind of service a* lire association which tome 
yearn arm secured the neighborhood of Niagara Falls from 
devastation, ami rescued from practical destruction the Direst 
natural spectacle In the Stale. 

Tho railrnad invasion of tire North Wood* I* prosecuted In 
tire usual manner of such schemes, and a very serious dan- 
ger threatens New York. Tire extent and correctness of tire 
opposition are shown by the protestation* of tho Invaders that 
they have nothing so much nt hrart as tire preservation of 
the forests, which will be left standing in all their primeval 
gramteur. This is not the ustinl course of such undertak- 
ing*. Tbe general result of opening railroads through surh 
regions t* lire deni ruction of tire woods. It was such ravage 
and its ronsequeiices which Ural compelled public attention 
to tho question. Tho opening of railroads, followed hr Im- 
mense devastation of lire trees by tiro and the axe. anil the 
necessary effect of tire consequent drying of tire vast sponge 
which feeds the waters of tire State, led to tire voluntary or 
ganization am) lire legislation and commissions that are de- 
signed for Ore protection of Ore Adirondack* It would Ire 
n great public misfortune If Ore effort were less successful 
than that which saved Niagara. 

BENSON J. LOSSIXG. 

Tine death of Bvnson J I/ieMNO at lire rip* age of sev- 
enty-nine recalls two of the ronst popular historical works 
published in this country— his Field Beak* of lire Revolution 
ami of tire war of 1813. which are probably the most familiar 
of hi* many contributions to our historical literature, 'lire 
design of lire Field Book was very attractive, It ws* the 
reentd of visit* to tbe more noted seenes of the war, to battle- 
fields and lioure*. ami the simple ansi colloquial narrative 
was enriched by abundant illustmiions, not only of such 
place*. but of veteran*, and raliea of every kind It visa 
thus nu Illustrated story dealing with much that is full of 
Interest, l*it for which the mutely stepping muse of history 
does not slay. 

Mr. l,n**ixn was familiar with the lorol and traditional 
history of New York, and wrote tire illustrated annals of 
tire Hudson Giver and a memoir of General Sciirrt.RR His 
diligence was unremitting, and bis books are very numerous. 
They are those of a genial and sympathetic observer, kindly 
gossiping and instructive, rather tlinn lire works of u student. 
But the early Field Book lias a charm for tire young reader 
whirh b perennial. 

Personally Mr. Lomimo was simple, hearty. generous, ami 
of cordial manner. In early life Ire wo* a wood-engraver of 
great distinction. Tire illustrations of lib early liooka were 
from Ills own drawings, and be was constantly employed in 
tbn*e days by the II MtrF.na Mr. Loaaiso was an early and 
constant friend of Vasmr College, and his last public ap- 
pearance wa* at the ceh-lirstlon last year of the twenty fifth 
anniversary of tlmt institution, when he road a memoir of 
M ATTIIKW V Ansar. There, nnd wherever Ire was personally 
known, be will Ire always roort kindly romcmlrered. 

THE TILDES FREE LIBRARY. 

Tnr. contest over the will of Mr. SAMt r.t.J. Trt.nutr. which 
provide* for an amply endowed fret* public library far the 
city of New York, lias rnltiled the id drat legal talent, ami 
will Is-enme a famous cause. In tire court of common retire 
the umlnuhted and unquestioned purpowe of lire testator 
would have grant weight In tire decision. Tlrera is Do 
doubt of Mr. TtMifcs'* desire to make the people of tbe city 
the In ir of a great part *»f his fortune. soil of hi* belief that 
he bnd done it But the points of Uw arc acutely taken, and 


439 

It I*, of course, possible that his known and admirable inten- 
tion will be frustrated. 

Tho ilofcat of hi* purpose would hare the effect of re- 
ducing the numlrer of such bequest*, because testator* would 
doubt wlretlrer the neCMBiy details of such gift* could lie 
lawfully guard rd without extremo difficulty. If ih> shrewd 
and experienced a lawyer a* Mr. TtLDlX could not effi-et it 
with hi* own money The natural alternative of ratuldish- 
log the trust la-fore tire death of tire testator would not Ire 
always adopted, Irecause lie may not wish to take tire neces- 
sary trouble, or for other rewaoni readily conceivable. 

Yet when lire fortune in acquired, and the manner of its 
disposition i« derided, tire better plan is that of Mr. Cornell. 
M r. Clark, Mr.Coontn. and many oilier great public lietrefac- 
tor*. The relation whirh a man establishes with tho public 
by executing hi* own will in this mini tier 1* not only ngr«-eable 
but useful. It is a constuit corrective of tire jealousy of 
great rtelre*. It demonstrate* the sense of stewardship in 
tire mlminUtralion of large resources whirh is instantly «p- 
proeiated. It I* evident lo the dullest tliat while the distri- 
bution of Mr. Tti.wts s live millions nmnng the people of 
New York would have given every Individual hut a petty 
and use le«* sum. the library which Ire founded mode the 
money permanently arrriecalde to every citizen. It would 
Ire unpleasant to tec so grest a Irenctll, no wisely designed, 
lost to the city of New York. 

PERSONAL. 

Lmomm C. J. W. Grant, the hero of tire Manipur re- 
bellion,* ho Ird HO men against titWi ami was tviiee wi'iiud- 
e*l. has Ireen decorated w lili tire Viclorin Cross. 

The raising of choice poultry is a hull by with WlU4*j( 
K. VaKDRMILT, ami Ire is building a Ilfleen-lbouand-doJ 
lar house fur his pets oil his estate at Oakdale. 

— Tbe Pope lias made a will heqneatliing all hi* property 
to the Holy Hee. 

It see bis very natural that Professor WlGtltN*, lire 
storm prophet, should enter the Held of romance, fur his 
direful predictions never come true. He is to putiiiah a 
bunk entitled Ji/ck MinrAsrd; or, Id/* «ii Jnpilrr. 

— Kev.TltOMA* F.Casiimax, :i Kmnsii Catholic priest at 
Chicago. has instructed hi* parishioner* to name tlrelr chil- 
dren after the saints, and refused to haptize a child that 
WO* to he named GARFIELD. Tire mnrderod President was 
a preacher who bad left lire pulpit for polities, ami no- 
thing in his life characterized Inni pre-eminently as n 
Christian. 

— .Him* Reeves, tho noted English tenor, wire has jn*t 
retired from tire stage, was quite well known ns a singer 
orer half n century ngn. 

— Wiijjam Graham G burn, an old friend nf Abraham 
L lNioiN. i* slill living in Illinois, mid i.» eighty years old. 
Ho claim* to Irnve given tbe great war President bis Unit 
lessons In grammar, when the two were clerks together iu 
a store at New Hah-m, hut acknowledge* that in aix weeks 
tire scholur knew n groat deal more about tire study tbnu 
his I sootier did. Mr. Green enlisted with Lincoln for lire 
Black Hawk War, and tiny a he was preM-nt when "Jiff" 
Davis swore ••Auk" in *s Captain of tlie company. His 
fund of reinin' sconce* nf the martyr I resident Is almost 
unlimited, a* be remained his intimate friend through bis 
public life. 

—Henry M. Howk. of Boston. the kou of Ml*. JftJA Ward 
H over, has lieen awarded a prize of MOO frillies by the Na- 
tional Society for t he Encouragement of Industries at Pari*, 
for a treatise on the metallurgy of steel. 

— llrxitY Hertz, Professor of Phyaira iu tire I’uiveruiy 
of Bonn, whose remarkable discoveries in electricity liaio 
given him a place in Gonnnny similar to that held by Ki> 
l«»N Sn this country, I* n young man hardly over thirty- 
four year* old. After studying civil engineering, and find- 
ing it distasteful, he completed tire two year*' term of 
military service re*|nired in lire fatlier-lnud, aud then liognii 
slndyiiig elect rieity with Fwlkmiw IlKUtnOLg at Berlin, 
whoso assistant Ire Anally liecaoie, llis rest-arches look 
beyond the dynamo nnd the carbon, and nun lo discover 
more eennoinienl nrethoiU of developing electric energy. 

. — Tire pare and l«llt nnlMl lily -of the. valley lias a 
warm friend in the Prinee of Wales, wire devote* acres of 
ground to tire cultivation of the Dower at Sandringham. his 
country-seat. 

— A elite to Ell IX Pasha's object inn to tieiug '• weened ” 
by Henry M. Btaxley, and Dragged Isxck to the ontifbicA of 
civilization, may Ire found in the statement tliat sine* Ids 
return to tire interior of Africa Ire lure sent to tire const a 
consignment of ivory valnrd nt nearly ffioO.taKi. 

-The recent convention of thn Western Authors* and 
Artists' Clab at Kansas City, Munuliri, refused memlienibip 
to Professor W.B.BCAit]n»in>raii,LL.lk,fni uecouut of Ins 
color. Mr. HcAitiMMtorctt is still aide to travel iu good 
company, Irewevrr, as he talanga lo tire American Philologi- 
cal Society, which iiieluiles Yale and Harvard |Hrofessors, 
niwl otlrer dlNtiiiguiHlred nutlmm and edneators throughout 
tire ronntry. lie is also a contributor to leading Amencan 
magazines. 

— Alexander P. OmiDos-CinMixn, a brother to the Sir 
William whose name is just non- nnplensantly prominent 
In England, is a |irimpcroii* gentleman farmer near Sykes- 
Yille, t'urroll County, Maryland. He is popular willi tire 
ni-ighlioriiig firniigeni, nod a .wa-inl favorite at Washington, 
wliero Ire nnd his wife s|reiMl tlieir winters. Farmer Giirihin- 
CL'MlIlxa is over six feel tall, and n romarkaldy line l.siking 
man, 

-Kiciiard IIesuy Stranqk, lire colored tragnlian, is 
going almuut amn. Mid expect* to pl*.v HtlAKMmutffC'* 
tragedH-s In London and Berlin, supported by a rompniiy 
of n hiic actor* Later on he hopes to appear in New York, 
and will liavo a theatre built for him in Philadelphia next 
year if his present ambiliotis are realized. Mr. STItANUR 
was lmrii in Virgioia,aud is only twenty six yean. old. Ho 
was I'durated in lire puldir Mhwb nf Philadelphia, distin- 
guishing hiiUM-lf in his studies, and developed histriouio 
tastes early. Two of Ins sisters have iicled jwirts w illi him 
fit Pliilndcjpliia, ami tie believe* that notwithstanding pre- 
scnl rare prejmliee* there is a brilliant fntiiu iu tlie oi «ua 
fur people wf Ills color. 


440 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. KM 



Digitized by Google 


441 


JUNE 1*. 1891. 


HARPER’S weekly. 



Resuscitation 


ft i' 


"(Si,- 






FTKR living item! twenty years, he walked 
out into tbc sunshine. 

It was a* if (lie l»r>c* of a blenched 
skeleton should join themwlvet on 
some forgotten plain. and look about 
them for ll»e vanished flesh. 

To lie dead It la not nrccMry •» be in the grave. There 
are pUn-s where the worm; creep stleout the heart instead of 
the Inly. 

The penitentiary i* one of these. 

Itevhl t.'ulrow had been in the penitentiary twenty stars. 
Now. with that worm eaten heart, ho came ont into hlierly 
and looked about him for the habiliment* with which ho 
had formerly clothed himself— for hope, self respect, cour- 
age, pugnacity, and luduMry. 

Unt they had vanished ami left no trace, like the flr*h of the 
dead men on the plain*, and so. morally unnpiiu relied. In the 
hideous skeletoo of hi* manhood, he walked OD down the 
street under the mid June sunshine. 

You can understand, ran you not, how a skeleton might 
w t*h to get hark into it* comfortable grave? David CulrosS 
bail not walked two blocks before lie was sol;t>tl with an al- 
mott uncontrollable dedre to beg to lw shielded once more 
in that safe and shameful retreat from which he liad just 
been released. A horrible perception of the InigeneM of the 
w orld wwept over him. Space and eternity could scorn no 
larger to the usual man than earth— lliat snug and inaignill- 
cant planet— looked to David Oillrnaa 

“If I go back." be cried, despairingly, looking up to the 
great building that arose above the stony Lilia, “ they will 
not lake me In.” lie waa absolutely without a refuge, ut- 
terly without n destination, be did not bnvr a hope. Tlwre 
waa nothing he desired except llic surrmiudlotrof those four 
narrow waits between which he had lain at night and 
dreamed those ever recurring drew run— dreams which were 


km nt of the lunate ridden quirt, of the 
perfume. ai»d the presence of the wo- 

•' Knowing you and speaking wiih 
you have mil made much difference with 
me." he whisper*. drunk on the new 
wine of paattoii. " for I have lov«| you 
since 1 saw you Aral. And though it is 
go swrti to bear you speak, your voice 
l* no more brautiful than I thought it 
would he, I have lured you a long time, 
and I want to know—” 

Thu broken man in the shadow re- 
membered how tlie hid stopped . aston- 
ished n« hi* iHildnew* and Lu fluency, 
overcome aiwhleoly at the thought of 
wbut lie Miring. TIm- music slopped 
with a discord. The glri arose, trem- 
bling nnd M-nrlet. 

y “I would uot have belie vim) it of von,” 

she cries, “to take advantage of me like 
this, when I am alone— and— everything. 
You know very well that noth tog but 
trowldn mold come to either of us from 
your telling me a thing like tbitl.” 

> hi; hand* up m hi* face to keep off her anger. 
Hiding with con fusion. 

lie Iwoke in pcfiilenity. trying to pull his hands 

-- — aw»y from li is hot face: “Never mind 1 I know you didn't 

, Hood that one reached toe proud mown aoylhing. He good. do. and don’t spoil the lovely 

position of Head Clerk by having times we have together. You know very well father and 
no enotioa* whatever. mother wouldn't let ux see each other at all If they— If they 

Cnlrns* did not remember her- thought you wen? anying anything such a» you said Just 
v} 1 Ing been born with a pets h» hi* bow." 

Imiid. nr <-v. u with i-ne l< liiud “Oh Ini'. I ran'l help it!" cries tbc boy, despairingly. “I 
hi* car; lull certainly from rhe have never lowed anybody nt all till now". 1 don't meun not 
dav be had limn let out of hoick another girl, you know. ' But you are the first being I evw 
cared for. I -umetiwew tbiok mother cures for me Ix-cause I 
pay the rent Ami the office— you cau't imagine what that 
l- like. The nieu in it are moving corpses. Tltry 're proud 
to be that way, and so was I till 1 knew you and Uwnied 
wliat life \> like. All tlto happy moments I have hod 
have tn-- n hen-. Now. If jou tell me that we are not to care 
for each other—" 

There was tome one coming down the hall. The curtain 
lifted. A middle aged man stood there looking at him. 

“ CulrOW." mid he, *' I'm disappointed in you. I didn't 
mean to li«!m, hut I couldn't help bearing what you said 
just bow. 1 don’t blame you particularly. Young men 

_ w . . will be fools. And I do not lu any way mean to insult you 

cooked bad dlnoera, principally cuiu|>otml of dispiriting pns when 1 tell you to stop your ranting here. I don't want ti 
try. llcr i<U* of housekeeping was to keep tlie shades *ce yon Inatde this door ngnin. and after a w 


emotion with exactly the mote 
displeasure that be would on aa 
error In the footing of the year'* 
accounts. It was tacitly under- 
stood lltat one raw hod too proud 
position of Head CM by having 
m> ewntinci* whatever. 

Cnlrnaw did not remember bar 
Ing been boro with a peb hi his 
linnd. or even with dm behind 
bis ear; bin certainly from riie 
ilay be had been let out of knick- 
erbockers Ids constant compan- 
ion I mm) Iimb that greatly over 
esa incited article. Ills father 
dvlng at a time that nit short 
tfuvid's school days, he went ont 
armed with bis new knowledge 
of double entry, determined to 
make a fortune nnd a commercial 
name. Meantime, be lived in a 
suite of three rooms oo West 
Madison Htrcct with hi* mother, 
who was a good woman, and lived where she did that she 
might be near her favorite meet ing- house. She prayed, nnd 


He pi; 
lie Ih Ire 


never prophetic* or promirex. but always the hackneyed his. 
tory of what be had sacrificed by his 


i, and relluquUbutl 

by his pride. 

The men who passed him looked at him with mingled 
amusement and prly. They knew the “prison look.” and 
they know the prison clothes. For though the State gi via to 
its discharged convicts clothe* which an; like tlroeo of othw 
ittrB, It make* a liumlrrd suits from the same sort of cloth. 
The police know Ibe fabric, and even (lie citlwn* recognise 
It. But. then, were each man dressed In different gurb he 
could not tie dngubed. Every enc know* In wliat dull 
acbool that sidelong glance i* Uwnied, that nimic** drooping 
of the shoulders, that rhythmic lifting of tbc luavy foot. 

David Cuirass womlorwl if hi* will were dead lie put it 
to the teat. He lifted up his head to a position which It had 
not held for many miserable year*. He nut Ills hands In hi* 
■»ockeU lo a pitiful attempt at nonchalance, and walked 
down the street wiih a step which wus meant to bo brisk, 
ImjL which was ht fort only uncertain. Ill hi* pocket were 
ten dollar*- This much the Slate niuipa u miui with whoa 
it aend» him out of it* penal balls. It glvr* him also Iran*- 
imitation to any putm within reasonable distance that ho 
may desire to reach. Culnwi Uiul requested a ticket to Chi- 
cago. He naturally mid Chicago. In the long Colorless 
day* it had been lu Chicago that nil those eudletely repealed 
mcoow had horn laid. Walking Up llio Mrcet now with that 
wavering ineffectual gait, thee scene* came back 1o surge 
in hi* braia like water* ceaselessly tensed in a wind swept 
tMfria. 

There was tlm office, bare ami clean, where the young 
•toop-*houldcrcd clerks sal writing. In their faces was 
a ntnuigo resemblance, jurt a* there was in the back* of tlie 
ledger*, and in the endleaa hills on the spindle*. If one of 
them lauglwd. It was not with gayelv. hut with graft fienriun 
at tbc di«cotntHuit! of another. None of them ale well. 
None of them wet* mlttl after sleep. All of them rode on 
the stuffy onc-lmiwe car* to and from their work. Sundays 
they lay" in bed very late, anti ate more dinner than tlwy 
could digest. There wan u urtiiiri fellowship among them— 
sacln fellowship a* a Irani) cifeaplivr* among cutmlhnls might 
feel, each of thorn waiting with vital curiosity to »cc wlio 
was the neat to be mien. ' But of that fellowship that plans 
in unbon, suffer* in sympathy, enjoys vicariously. atTcnglb- 
ena into frirnduhlp and communion of soul they knew no- 
thing. Indeed, such onwimvirric would have wen diaap- 
proved of by tlio Head Clerk, lie would liave looked on iw 


try. Her i«U-a of house keeping 
down whatever happened; and when David left home In 
the evening for any purpose of pleasure. *hc wept. David 
persuaded himself that he despued amusement, and went 
to bed each idgbt at half past niuo m a folding bnUttad in 
the front room, and, by becoming nlMolutely stolid from 
mere vegetation. Imagined that he was a I owe l lit to be a 
Head Clerk. 

Walking down the street now after the twenty years, 
thinking of thc*c dead but innocent days, this wa* the pic- 
tune be saw, ami as Ik* reflected upon it, even the despoiled 
and desolate rear* just passed scorned richer by contrast. 

lie reached tlie Halloa thus dreaming, ami found, aa be 
lud been told when llio warden bode film good-by. that a 
train waa lu be at baud directly bound to the city. A few 
moments Inter he was on that train. Well back I nuio shallow 
and out of sight of the other puMrnprnt.bc guve liimiclf up 
to Hmi enjoyment of the comforuble cusiilon. Ho would 
willingly nave looked from the window — green field* were 
new and wonderful: drifting dumb* a marvel; men, Irotises, 
honw*. farms, nil u revelation — hut those haunting vi»joiut 
were ai hint again, and would nut leave brain or eye free for 
oilier thing*. 

But Use next scene had warmer lints. It waa Use Interior 
of a rich room — crimson and amber fabric*, flower*, the 

S team of a statue beyond the draping*, the sound of a tim- 
er piano unilinglng a familiar melody, and a woman. She 
wa» just a part of all the luxury. 

Hr himself, very iltmd and eotwdous of Ids awkwardnese, 
sat near, trying barrenly to get some of bia thougUU out of 
his bruin m to Ids longue. 

• ‘ Strange, isn't it. " tJie woman broke in on her own mu*ic, 
“ that we have seen each other su very uflen and never 
spoken? I've often thought introduction* were ridlcnlotis. 
Fancy seeing a person year in and year nut. and really know- 
lug all about them, and bttug perfectly actiualuted with their 
names — at least hi* or her name, you know — nnd then neriT 
•peaking I Some one cum* along, ami say*. 1 Mux Lc Baton, 
tnl* is Mr CtilroM,' just as if one didn't know thnt all the 
lime! And there you arel YiniccuMe to be dumb folks, and 
fall to talking, and any a lot of thing* neither of you care 
about, ami after five ur aix week* of limn and sundry meet- 


. „ . fhllc you will 

thank me for it. You hnve taken n very unfair advantage 
of my Invitation. 1 make allowances for your youth.” 

He held buck the curtain for tlie tail to paw'out. David 
threw a mlterable glance at the girl. She woaslnnding look- 
ing at her father with an expiration thnt David could uot 
fathom. He went into the hall, picked up bin hoi. and 
walked out in *ilcnce 

David wondered that night, wnlking the chilly street* af- 
ter he quitted the house, mid often, often afterward, if that 
comfortable nnd prrwperous geulleinnn. *nfc beyond tlie p«r- 
turbatlon* of ioutlL,liad any Plea of what be had done. 
How ootthl he know nnytbing or the block monotony of tlie 
life of tlie man Iw turned from his door? Tbe " desk's dead- 
wood "und all it* hateful slavery, tbe dull darkened rooms 
where his mother prosed through cndltws evenings, lltc 
liooklciH. joyless, hope ha* existence th*' had erampeil him 
all his dajs nne up Iwforu him. as a atieteh of uulwokcn 
plain may riw? before a Inst man till It madden* him. 

The bowed toon in tbe car seal remembered with a flush 
of reminiscent misery how the ImI turned suddenly In Ida 
walk, anil entered the dmir of a drinking room that stood 
open. It was very eomforiablc within. The ac-tecoa kept 
out the chill of tbc autumn night, the sawdust sprinkled 
floor was chan, the table* plieeit near together, the bar glit- 
tering, tbe aUcnilaot* white aproned and brisk. 

Ibsvld liked the place, aoil he liked better still the Inughlrr 
that came from a room within, It had a note in It a lluhi 
different from anything he hod ever heard liefoec in hi* life, 
ami one that echoed Ina mood. Ho ventured to aak If ho 
might go Into the farther room. 

fi does not mean much when most young men go to a 
place like thin They lake tbeir bit of unwholesome di**l- 
parinn quietly enough, and rue a little coarser and inoru 
rarelr** each time tbry indulge in it. peril* no. But ocrialnly 
their acta, whatever gradual deterluration they ntar Indicate, 
buspesk no sudilcD mural revolution With thi* young 
clerk it Wat different. He was a nurse man from the inn 
nw nt he entered the door, for he did vloloncc to bla prlncl- 
ples ; he killed hi* self respect. 

He Imd tncii paid at live office tlsat night, and he had the 
money— n week's iniwnibk pittunce— in his pocket. Hi* 


get down to hoocetly saylug what you mean. I'm ao every action revealed the fai-t that be was a novice in neek- 
glnd we've grit through with that first ata^c, anil can say Irumru. ||» innpccnt face piqued the men within. They 


what wo think am) tell what we reallv like. 

Tlwn tlie playing ticgan agaltt— a fiarp-like intermingling 
of voft aouoilj. '£oe Lc Baron's hanil* were very girlish. 
Everything about her was unformed. Even her raliul wn* 
ta. But nil irrombcd a full completion. Thu voice, tbe 
aliouklrre, the smile, tlie wortla, lltc lip*, tbe artua, the wholo 
mind and body, were rounding to matnritv 
” Why do you never come tochureh iu tLe morning?" iwka 
Mis* t/c Ihurixi. wheeling around nn her piano stool auiidcoly . 
" You are only there at night, with ymir mother." 

"I go only nn her nocount." replies Dnviil, truthfully. 
" Iu the morning I am ao tired with the week's work that I 
reft at home. I ought to go. I know," 

“Yes. you ought," return* the young woman, gravely. 
“ It doesn't reallv rest one to lie In bed like that Ira tried 
It at binirding-scDrxd. It was no rood whatever.” 

“ Hhould you ndviw me. anka David, In a confiding tone, 
•* to arise early an Sunday ?" 

The girl blushes a little. "By all meatisl" die cries, Iter 
eye* twinkling, "and— ami come to church. Our morning 
sermons are; really very much belter tliau tlioae in the e veil- 
ing." Ami rite play* a waltz, and what with the music ami 
llw warmth of the room and I be perfume of tlie ro*ea, a 
something nnmelcmi and mystical Meals over the poor clerk, 
nod swathe* him about like the funw* of opium. They are 
alone. The alienee l* made deeper by that rhythmic unva t il- 
ing of soumi. A* the painter flu»hc* the ban: wall into splen- 
dor. thew ctnotiuns illunaloated hi* soul, and guve to It thnt 
high courage that come* whrn men or women suddenly real 
Uu that each lire boa ila signLllcaace — their own lives no tata 
than Ilia lire* of others. 

Tlie intiu slUiDr there in lltc shadow In that noby train 
saw in hi* vision how the 1*5 arose ami moved, like on* un- 
der a spell, toward the pi*ou. 11c felt again the enchant- 


gave him a welcome that omared him. Of course the rest 
of tho evening wo* a chaos to him. The throat down which 
he poured tbe lifjuor wiih a* tender a* a child'll. The men 
turned III* bend with tbeir ironical compliment* Their 
boisterous guild f*lhiw»hip waa us IntoxiiaLing Ui this pour 
young rcclitae aa tin* liquor. 

It au iln- revulsion from till* fi-eling, when be came to 
a consciousness that tlie men were laughing at him and not 
with him. that wrecked his life. He hod gone from beer 
to whiskey, and from whiskey to brand v. by tbit lime, at lire 
suggestion of the men. and wn* making awkward lunge* 
wirii a billiard cue, spurn*! on bv the mucking applause of 
the other*. One young fellow w‘*s particularly' hilarious nt 
his expense. His juke* became lusulia, or So they teemed 
to David. 

A quarrel followed, half a jut on the part of the other, 
all serious as far as David was concerned, And then— 
Well, who could tell how it huppem-d? Tbe billiard cue 
w as In David s hand, and lire skull of the jester waa split, a 
horrible gaping thing, re Tellingly animal. 

Duvkd never nw hi* home iignln. Ills mother gave it 
out in church that her heart wu* lunkcn, ami she wrote a 
letter to David begging him to reform. But *lie never 
doubted his guilt, nr took tho trouble to inquire Into the 
cause of it. He hud an attorney, uu inipt-eumou* and very 
aged gentleman, w1iom< life was a venerable failure, aud who 
talked so much alxiut his jieraontl Incimvcnirnces from In- 
digestion that be forgot to take a very keen lot trust in the 
ronci-rua of hi* client. Hi* trial mntlc no wnsatiuu. He did 
not even have the cheap sympiUiy of the morbid. The 
court room wa* almost empty the dull spring dnv when the 
cast wind Uwt against the window, jangling the loose pone* 
ail through the rending of the verdict. 

Twenty yean! 


Digitize 



442 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLI JIE XXXV, NO, IMJ 


Twenty year* in tlie penitentiary! 

David looked up ui the Judge nod untiled. 
Men hare l.vii known lo smile that w ay 
when l be ear abed crushes over their Itgu, 
or a bullet let* llie uir throng. 1 tlu-ir lungs 

All that followed wouid JiKvv aerated mure 
terrililcif it lead not appeared to be **■ remote. 
IUvI-l bad to itwiure liiinsclt over and over 
tint It was really he vrlio wm put in ibut 
disgraceful die**. und locked in that si loll K‘ 
ful walk from corridor lo work room. Irom 
work-room to chapel. The work wna not 
much more luoflulotious limit Unit to which 
be bud been sccuMomed in the office. Here, 
n* there, one win reproved for not doing the 
minimi amount, but never praised for ex- 
traordinary effort r Here, n* there, the work- 
ers regarded each other w it li didike and fcUu- 
piclon. Here, at there, work was a penalty 
and not a pleasure. 

It in the night* llml are to be ditttdcd In a 
penitentiary. Speech mm* the hmiu of free 
men. but the mini condemned lo elemul si- 
lence is bound to endure torment* Thought, 
which might lea divciriun. become* u curve; 
It I? a painful dlaeaw wldcti become* chron- 
ic. It due* not take long lo fbigcl the day* 
of the week arid the months of die Year w hen 
time brings no variance. David drugged 
himself on dream*. lie knew it was weak 
n*w«t. Uit It w an tlie wine of forgetfulix**. 
and hi: indulgrd in it. lie went over aud 
over, in eudles* repetition, every scene iu 
Wlur ll Z(M lr Baron hud figured. 

lie learned by a paper llial she had gone 
to Europe. Hu »a» glad of that. For there 
were hour* in which lie imagined that his 
fate in If lit have caused her distrew — not 
much, of course, but perhaps an occasional 
hour of sy inimthelic regret. Hut it was plea- 
santer imm to think of Unit, lie preferred to 
remember the hours they 1mm! spent together 
While she was teaching ium tlie Joy of me. 

How lovely her gray eye* were! Deep, yet 
bright, amt full of silent little- speeches, 'i’he 
room* iu whteii lie Imagined Ur as moving 
were always splendid : ihe gowns she wore 
were of rustling silk. He never in any dream, 
waking or sleeping, associated her w ith pov- 
erty or sorrow or pain. Gay aud tx-autiful 
e be moved fmm city to city, in there vis 
ion* of David t. looking always at wonderful 
tiling*, aud finding laughter' lit every hap- 
Itfiilug] , . 

It was six mouths after his entrance into 
hi» nlluut ml mde that u hitter cam* for him. 

■ llv right*, Culrpsa," mud the warden. ** 1 
•I von hi not give - this letter to you. It isn't 
the »-irt we approve of. Hut you’re in for a 
good spell, unii if there is anything that can 
make life seem more tolerable, I don't know 
hut you're entitled u> it. At least, I’m not 
thr man to deny it to you.'* 

This was the letter . 

•‘My drab Fkikmd,— I hope you do not 
think that all iImisc months when you have 
ligon suffering so lc. riblv. I havu been think- 
ing of other thing*' But I um sure you 
know the truth. You know Hint 1 could 
not send you word or come i«> see you. or 1 
would have dour it. When 1 first hrutd of 
what you hud done. I saw it all it* it hap- 
|H-nnl— tlmt dreadful scene, 1 meitu, in Die 
mi'ouii I am sure 1 have imagined every- 
thing Just u* it wst 1 I logged pupa lo help 
you, but lie wna very angry. |nu tev. uupu 
was so peculiar, lie thought more of tho 
uppriirnnins of thing*, perhaps than of fuels 
ll infuriated hint to think of me an being 
concerned al*wt you or with von 1 did not 
know lie could he so imgry. nud his anger 
did not die. hut for days ll cast Mich h shadow 
over me liial 1 used to wish 1 sn (lend. 
Only I would not disobey him. mid now I 
tun glad of Ihnl. We were in Fruiter three 
months, and then, coming home. papa (lied. 
It wiis ou the voyage. I wish he hud asked 
rue to forgive him. for. Iheu I think 1 could 
remcmlwr him with more tenderness Hut 
he did bottling of the kind. He did not 
seem to Hunk he had dune wrong In any 
way, though 1 feel that Mime way we miglit 
have saved JfOtt. I am hack here ill Chicago 
In ||mi old I tome. Hut I shall not stay in this 
house. It is so large and lonesome, aud I 
always see you and father facing each oilier 
angrily there in the |wrlor when I cuter it. 
So I tin going i<> get me some cozy rooms Iu 
another port of the city, and lake my aunt, 
■who is it sweet old lady, lo Uvc with me; and 
1 am going to devote my time— all of it— and 
all nf my brains to gelling you out of that 
terrible place. What is the use of telling mo 
iliat you ore a murderer r Do I not know 
You could wot be brought to hurt anything? 
I MippoMi vou must have killed thnt poor 
man, ic.it lie u it wn* not you. it was that 
dreadful drink — It was Me! TUnt is what 
coiiiimiiillr liaitnt* me. If I tmd lieen n 
lmiver girl, atid spoken ihe words tint were 
io my ucari, you would not have gone into 
that place. Vou would be innocent today. 
It was I who was napowlble for it all. "I 
let father kill your heart right there In-fore 
me. und never said a word Vet I knew bow 
it was with you, and— thi* i- wlial I ought 
to have mid then, and wbiil I must say now 
— ami all tlie time I frit Just us you (fid. I 
thought I should (lie when 1 saw you go 
away, and knew you would never come l»rk 
iiguin Only I wu* so selfish, I was so wicked, 
I would my nothing. 

"I have no right to lie comfortable and 
hopeful, and to have friend*, with you shut 
up from liberty and Imppinc**. I will not 
have those comfortable room*, lifter all I 
*v»*l live a* vou do 1 will live alone iu a 
burn room. For it is I wbu aui guilty ! And 


then 1 will feel that I also am being pun- 
ished. 

"Do you hale mo? Perhaps my telling 
you now all these things, and llml I felt tow- 
ard you Just sw you did toward me. will not 
make you happy . For it may be that you 
de*|>i«r me- 

' Anyway. I have told you Ihe trulls now. 
I will go ns moo as I wear from you io a 
lawyer, and try to find out how you mny lie 
Uljeinird. 1 am sure it cun be dune when 
the fuel* nre known 

"Pour ln>y! How I do hope you have 
known iu your heart thut 1 wu* not foi get- 
ting you. Indocil, day or night. I have 
thought of nothing else Now I um free to 
help rou. And Ire Mire, whatever happen*, 
that I am working for you. 

"Zoe LE BaRu5-“ 

That wns nil Just a girlish, constrained 
h-tier. lutrdly hinting *r the hot tears iluit luul 
lieen shed for many weary night*, coyly toll- 
ing of tlK- impatient young luve and all the 
maidenly ihonie, 

David permitted himself lo rend it only 
once. Twin a Midden re»u-luin>n wuv bprn — 
« heroic one. Before he got the idler lie 
*i« n crushed aud uitwpliMicaritt boy . 
when be had read it. and u I mm bud iu full 
sigiiiflcnuee, lie bcentiM suddenly a man. cu 
pubic of a great attendee. 

“I ret urn your letter.” lie wrote, witlwwit 
suiierecriplion, "mid thunk you for vour 
anxiety about me. Hut tbc truth Is. Thud 
forgotten all about you in my trouble. You 
Were Uut in Ihe Iriist lo htanie for wiinl Imp 
pciMvl I might have kuowii I would cornu 
In such an cud. You thought I was good, 
of course; blit It Is not easy to Oml out the 
life of u young miui. It is rather mortifying 
to have a private letter sent here, because the 
wnrUcu read* ibeni all. I hope you will en- 
joy yourself Ibis -winler. and hasten to forget 
oimi who I tad certainly forgutlett yon nil re- 
minded by your Idler, which I return. 

•' Respectfully, David Cilruss." 

That night some deep Hues chum Into Ids 
face which never led it, mol which made him 
look like a man of middle age 

Ho never doubted tbitt Ids plan would 
succeed ; that, piqued and iuiUgintid at his 
Ingratitude, she would hale him. tmd in u lit- 
tle time forget lie ever livrd. »r remember 
him only tu blush with shame at tier inul as- 
sociation with him lie saw her Itappy. 
loved, living the usual life .if women, with 
ail those thing* that make life rich. 

For there in tbc solitude an understanding 
of deep things came lo him. Hu wbu thuiighl 
never to have a wife grew to know wliut ibe 
Joy of it intuit be. lie i«erceived all the »ul. 
tie rapture of wedded souls. He learned 
what ihe lore of children war. the pride uf 
home, the unselfish ambition lor success that 
spur* men on. All the emotion* pawed in 
pruceiMiou ui night before hint, tricked uut 
in palpable forms. 

A burst of girlish tears Would dUsi|»a(e 
whatever lingering pity &h- felt for him. 
How often be suid tbnt! Willi her sensitive- 
now site would bu mire to halo a Uinu who 
hail moitided her 

Nj he fell tu dreuming of her again aa 
moving among happy and luxurious scent*, 
exquisitely clothed, with llowers ou her bos 
om and jewels on her neck: and he saw 
men loving her, and wn* glad, and saw her 
at lost loving the licet of them, and told Iii in 
Mill in the sUcocc of tbc night thut it wus a* 
he wished. 

Yet always, always, front weary week lo 
weary week, lie rehearsed Ihe scenes. They 
were bis theatre, his oju.ru. bis library, bU 
lvctuto Imll 

lie rehearsed them again there on the curs. 
He never wearied of them To l«- mire, ntlu-r 
thought* hod come to him at night. Much 
tint to most men seem* complex and putw-ling 
had grown to npjiciu simple to him. In u 
way hi* heal It luul quickened nlld deepened 
through the year* of nnlitmh;. Ha bud 
Ibought out u' great many tilings. He bad 
read a few gi*.*.I liook* und digest'd them, 
mid tlie visions in his heart had kept biui 
from being bitter. 

Yet. suddenly confronted with liberty, 
turned loose like a I Matured colt, without 
master or rein, he felt only confusion und 
dismay. He might be exjM-rted lo feel ex 
ullalhui. lie experienced only fright. It is 
precisely tlw twine with tlm liberated colt. 

Tbc Intin jiulled into a liudltng station, iu 
which the multitudinous noise* were thrown 
bach aguin from the arched iron roof. The 
relentless htuile of all the people was incs- 
pressiUy cruel to the utan who looked fmm 
the window wondering wliftbnr Iw would go. 
uud If. among nil the thousands that made up 
thut vast und throbbing city, lie Would ever 
:i u l :i ■ 1 1- 1- i 

For a momrnt David lotuml evert for that 
uumaternal on alter who Imd forgotten hint 
in tlw Ilnur of hi* distrem; lxit site had lieen 
dead for many year*. 

The train stopped Every one got out. 
David forced himself to hii feel ana follow- 
ed. lie hud hern drivrn back into tlie world. 
It wouhl have seemed Ims ti'l-rible to have 
been driven Into a desert, lie walked tow- 
ard the grtwt iron gate*, seeing the jaiople 
ami hearing the nobles CMlfimdly. 

As lie entered the space beyond thr grat- 
ing o.itie one caught him hy the arm. It was 
a little middle-ngi.il woman in plain cloth'*, 
ami with sad gray eye*. 

“Is this David y" said site. 


He 'lid not tja-uk. but his face answered 
her. 

•'I ktir-w vnu were coming today I've 
wailed nil there y«wr», Ditviil. You didn't 
llilnk I loilicved what you Suid In thill letter, 
did you? Tbi* way. Duvid— litis is the wuy 
lrodM." 


PRINCETON’S BASE-BALL 
NINE. 

Fill v 'E ton inn this ycur one of the last 
t.'iini* tlmt ever play cl loll for tlie glory of 
old Nasanu. Tlie nine Itasls-en mi fully com- 
men led upon in Ihesecohlllilli lllal tile brief 
est resume lit liii* time i* sutlleieiil 

C. C. Dana, ’91— tint lane and rnptnin. sec- 
ond year of office, age. Ti. weight. 157. 
jiluyed three year* at Elder (prrjKiniiory 
m-IkhiH. and tills Is hi* fourth uu nine at 
Princeton, gnod left-hand Istlter. buM run- 
ner, nod uhove average fielder, ha* mudr un 
excellent captain 

W. E. Durvll. '91 — second bare: age, 21; 
weight, m fifth year on the leniu; Iwal bs> 
terileft liiuidl and hnse riinncr ou nine; good 
Holder; ciren a great deal uf ground. 

L A- Young, thi — |iiicliei ;age, 21 ; weight. 
100. cool balsiliun: pitches very Nji-rdy lull 

Fml Ilrokaw. *8— age. 82: weight. 170. 
caught three yean at l.iwn nrevillr i prepar- 
atory Miinoll: good Imtslilan ami hack slop: 
weak on throwing. 

C. E. Knickerbocker. ’91 — short slop; age. 
23. welgiit. Hid; Hurd year on nine, haul 
iu>d accurate thrower; recovers quickly ; left- 
hand batter 

Philip King. ’93— third bare. ace. 19; 
weight. 180 ; rire-t year Otl team; gnid fust 
ha*o ninner; picks up ground Imll* well; 
Wenk ou throwing. 

•F. II Payne, ‘91— left flcM; age. 28; weight, 
ltd; third year un nine; sure but but burd 
let: handed tatamnn. 

K, Ik Wright. 94— centre Held ago. 19; 
weight. 100; lllul year uu team; fine fielder 
aud thrower. ' 

A O ltrown. ’92— right field and uilistitule 
caldtcr; nge. 21 . weight, iw-. twNi d'jut 
ou nine, determined player; fair caldier. 

George Bergen. 91 — »uL*Miiute jiitcher; 
age. 21 ; weight 149; first year ou bine; good 
speed and level head. 

George Drake. 94— Mihstitutc pltdicr; age, 
19; weight, 150; first yetr on learn, very 
. fair; alto plays in an out Held acceptably. 

C. P. Bpooner. ,’92 — siilutitntc; -sgv. ’30; 
• weight, 138; ll/vt year uu team . excellent 
kHMMur. 

THE COFFEE EXCHANGE OF 
THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 

I Clm ifn tt mi from fupr IU, .St^nmll 

to enable him lo put up more margins and 
rim* protect Id* contract*, tauted Id* down, 
fail in IMfii On Isith ocriisisifis his caUiniry 
involved utbci*, |wr.*lyzcd the general mar 
ket. and sent up cull list ns tu a high perccu 
lage. 

Always a leader in bull movement*. Mr. 
Arnold assisted hy his son. F. B Arnold, in 
1* so M-iikd with lit* creditor*, and cvlalilttli 
til a rummiiMou busnesa in ruffdv - Ho U 
credlltd with tbe intrixlui liou uf o|>riun trad 
ing into tlw: Exchange, of which Lc was tho 
first jin sident, and which bus since beeuiue 
tbe chief sprculalive coffee mm ket of the 
world. Early iu I >Us»t pri«« ti«gan to nd- 
vaitce under iIm tuanlmilatlori" uf a Imll cam- 
paign. said to have been led hy Joseph .1 
O Donuhite. the Tuinmau) chieftain, and 
oihers. in connoction with several lending 
houses in Havre From tij (wills per jMinnd 
fur llte sjieculatlve grade on Jimtiary 1st. 
value row to nearly 12 cent* at the cud uf 
the year, und to K{ cent* in April, 18H7 
Then the loaiier* are understood b> have sold 
out, after dividing profits said to Imvc reach- 
ml tlie sum of several million do) Ian. Now 
nmr llte opportunity for Hie Hraziliun hull 
syBdicMe.eompoMdof several leading houses 
m l<in .Tunciro, of whom Arnohl A t o were 
Ihe United States agents In April it ts-guu 
i« issini llte market. n< ipimsl a stis k of from 
400.1X10 to 700,900 bags, und by Itrilliont tu- 
tKKivre*. buMsl upon sutklparions of a short 
crop, advanced tlie jirice to 20,79 cent* jxt 
pound. At thi* ndnl conservative melt I'xik 
llte alarm. Hiiiik* refused to him mi eolti-e 
except on the wide»< margins. Broken held 
each other to Hie sternest ueootintability. and 
wary buy ere prepwtvd for tho iaqiciwiing 

Yet tho spoculaUon wa* not without some- 
what of a legitimate lavas. The probability 
of a abort crop in Brazil. Java, and Sumatra 
wa* imminent. Slocks in Europe were 
much smaller than to INUt and 1885. But 
the advance was too rapid and wild to Iu: 
enduring. The syndicate could not with- 
stand the terrilile pressure upon iu resources. 
Collapse wo* iuevituhle nlld pn-cijdlnled pit it 
lc. In which three prominent and reputuldc 
firm* w9V<- idiliged to sitsprntl. with liabili- 
ties itegregiiitig over one million dollars. Ira 
HMD's- quantities of ooffee were thrown over- 
board hy holders unitlile longer to carry tlwiu. 
Hud not tbe licnr* tbcntMilvcs come to tint 
rescue nud lamelil largely, the revulsion 
wouhl have ended in geuentl dumorallzatlott 
und wholesale dbuster O'Dnnoliue and 
llentiaa Sieleken, of W. H Crossmao & 
Brother, calmly jntrchiued 100,900 bag* at 
declining prices, und were toildly cheered 
for tlwir turn very. Transact iuns wen* enor- 
ttiuiu, aud reimiw.ii led uu aggregato value uf 


over 99.000.000. Tbe recorded sale* wend 
419,000 Inga, nr nearly 100 per cent, nc»- 
thun (mi any pu vi.ni* iluy Iii the hlMuryr ct 
I Imi exchange. Dt-jm-eUlion in price nfth, 
coffee Mihl whs to the full extent of 

l.iqitidalhiu nf rhiini* upon uiajicDiVd 
firm*, and release of cluints upon Berk ('&■ 
trim Sc Co,, of liio do Janeiro, for 75 j. r 
cent, uf tlwir face value, restored matters la 
something like tutural and healthful ciurac 
ter. The total I miMUction* of the cxcliHug* 
for tic calendar year lfcrtt* otnooDted tn 
20.907.V.MI I mgs, against 20.871.230 fur tg 
months of llte previous fiscal year of llte ex 
change. Speculative excitement had !e»n 
li-iiijHiTarily quelled, und ti-Mik-s Ibis. «t 
cluutgen had Imi uMablklted at Antwerp, 
MarM-illes, and London, which conscniMBtly 
diverted business from the New York mv 
krt. Throngiiout 18W. wltJt a single brief 
exception, largely due la a bull failure la 
Hamburg, llw tafiitary lemon* of 1887 were 
inthientml in mainuming n mmparatitely 
high level uf prices, and a narrow margin <if 
llucliuiUon in optica and invoice trading 
Tlie remarkable political revolution in Bran) 
proved vi bo is little of u disturbing dement 
in trade a* tlie prix lumnliuu nf emanciiwUiu 
in 'Isc previous year. Don Pedros deihmo* 
UM iii creased the rule of nxciiantpi from 
‘JM. to 34A, lint left the coffee trade unin- 
jured. Tlie total tnuMactloDa upon tbe ex 
chuitcr for the colendnr year 1890 amonnl'd 
to U tit-t tHH) l«g«. against 14.378,570 io 18*9, 
itml 20,997,500 in Tsirt For llte tweivt 
Uiouth* ending July 1. 1890. the total Nik* 
were of 13.011,30! twg* against 18.222.250 
in 18es»-9. and 22.078,000 in 1887-8. Tin 
highest price per pound |«ld lit the calendar 
year 1890 was 18 50 rent*, in the month of 
Si (Munlu-f ; the lowest was 1390 rent*, ia 
December. 

S|»i'ul iilun seek* to dtscuiint the future in 
lmjiie of mut'li and rapid gain, and strength 
fits Hie pupulur tendency to wrestle with 
scarcely CMlcululde futrew. and to entei Mind 
' Jy ujmiu ventures iu which ratiunal foresight 
secs but UulO hope of c vefituuJ good. 


BEHIND THE SCENES. 

BY DAVIlt GRAUAM PillUJPS. 

Wires a Hinge • manager, or indeed any 
singe neraou, finds u sirangcr prowling about - 
Iwhinil the sceDes during a jicrformaaoe. he 
foci* and net* somewhat na the mother uf a 
family Would feel and art wen* she to **« 
hi ranger eye* cuotly aud critically Inspecting 
the mysteries of her dixncs-iic economic*, bo 
it k not possible for any meat nutuber of per 
aon* to get u> the other ride of that magic line 
of fire aero** Which so muny longing glance* 
lire cast. 

But if such excumion* were poroiMe. llte 
Hpecliicular or culnic opera stage would b« 
the Uiri to visit There are m><re |>fo|df on 
the Mage, tliere is more daub and movement, 
and there t» greater beauty and splendor of 
ci ist lime. All these thing*, which are for the 
public, b-nd color to tbe life which the public 
cannot iiml may not we, 

At the Broadway Theatre just now Mr 
iJc Wolf lloppnr and In* cunqwny are |»la> 
lug a piece called Bone;. This i» not nr, 
opt m. not n murieu) farce, nut a upeetacular 
nroduction, yet it has much of each in it. 
Pevhajts tbw is tbe reusou they numrd it 
un i>|*-rnlic Ixirietta, which suggeet* a god 
deal of everything, and is obscure enough to 
Ih- noncommittal- Wltem Um audience ia not 
laughing ut Mr Hopper, or hi* Mcred clc- 
piialtt, of the whining fat keejer, or smiling 
upon Delia. Fox nud Aunn O’Keefe, it 1» ad 
miring the ito-uery. the grouping* of human 
ficurc*. tho ciVhcto of 0gM Mid Shadow. And 
Hit* ojieratie liurleltn will serve to illuMreie 
the singe life thut the public dues nut get a 
r ban it to laugh at or admin'. 

At a quarter to eight each evening, when 
tmmvroM* peremi* in all quarters of the city 
are hurrying through their coffee, and getting 
ready logo to (he Broadway Theatre to see Hie 
hurletta. ninety or a hundred widely icatln 
cd |wople »re getting ready logo to 'the aam« 
theatre and do the hurlott*. There arc Mars 
front fa>hh inutile hotel* or apartment*, there' 
are milMciniit from small Immmm and fiat* on 
tlie cast side, ciuly tiraded ehoru* gii In from 
hoarding Inmihw not far from Sixth Avenue 
and Thirty third Street, stage carpenter* and 
scene Hliifi'-rc. and little childn-n trout hoinr-n 
In whirli their Hrcatre earnings bring add'd 
comfort. 

A* people cane slowly and *caiU'ringty 
into 11 m front of the house. Utcae people of 
the C'lmiMtiiv arrive in haste at thr *t age door, 
pn** tliroiigli the narrow entrance hull u> tier 
slam', amt on lo the (Irewiug rooms. Tlw 
stage i* brilliantly lighted In every juirt 
There ure lull scenes pushing far up into Um 
lolly fiir*', •' border* " hanging down priqs-r 
tie* of curious make strewn about every- 
where. yet in a way that suggest* order and 
di'rign. 

Tbe stage- man uger. Mr Crippe.in his shirt 
sleeve*. a» ever. will tell you tbnt Im has under 
him a man who t* rxwpom-ibto fur Hie light*’: 
another who answers for tbc aceoca; a lliirx! 
who we* to tl«> pro|iertirt, which inrltule 
every small movable thing about the Mage. 
Tlii* leave* hint free tu attend to the preqih- 
of llte company, and to say, •• Hush!" at fre- 
quent intervals. 

By eight ir clerk all theac are in tbc drrwv 
inc roono. and Mr t riiqM i* waiting. Soon’ 
one nr two churn* giri* Come down, dressed 
for the iJat'*' They criticise curb other 
g*yly, jxxtruuuc the carpenter* aud Mac- 


JUNE 13, 1891. 


HARPERS WEEKLY. 


44 


shifter*, unit porr through the curium ut Lite 
fast filling huine. 

Il i* * .purler after eight. unci Lite ulnge- 
nunugi-r pri-SM*. nn electric button, which 
rings n 1 m. 1I in u room below The orchestra 
is there, linirv. anil Him out into the thrum-. 
Tim footlights brighten. tlx: music be-giri*. 
the fluttering and whispering of the audi- 
ence nml I he dropping ul like m*L* liar in 
tile pause*. olid ls he* It I behind lire scem-s 
like it breew: in a tbick-irtivrd forest. At 
the sound uf the mush-, the chorus girl* 
and men troop down from the dre-asing- 
rnoms— tire men down the slain fur to the 
left, the Kiris down the stairs (nr lo the right 
of the stage. At tile wings on either side ure 
gathered groups in fantastic or splendid or 
picturesque ctMUimea— men ami women in 
Siamese tlrtis , oilier* in Lights, u itb glil taring 
helmets: utiieta in boauug gowns or French 
army uniforms. 

The stage -manager gives nnulber signal, 
and the ctirluin - raisers in the Dies are on 
the alert. The churns groiijm itself on the 
Mncti as it should he. The mini who is to 
liaul the steam Inuiu-b, laden with twenty 
glrN. lias hold of the rope, and steadies tire 
double pulley with his foot The curtain 
risen. A 'shunt govs up from the chorus, 
and then a song The steam- launch whistles 
and sills in, with girls waving nml cheering 
ami a whistle Mowing. Tin- audience is in 
Siam at ;i gathering of loyal subjects an ailing 
the criming of Wang. 

Flut Wang is not nearly re ady Thors ure 
many songs and much talking before Mr. 
Hopper appears. All this while be Is over 
in his dressing room, getting himself well 
disguised with a high buld wig. uixt lofty 
black Kipknnt, and strange rut tail whiskers, 
sin] pniateil foreltesd. and while eyebrows. 

A* be transforms himself from Hopper to 
Wang, a French artillery officer and u hid 
eotttiy painted savage, with huge lipu mid 
apparently nearly naked tattooed laxly. assist 
him. A man in evening dress ntul anullrer 
In a business suit HII what remaining space 
there is in the little room, and cunnueiit 
freely upon the pultlug e-n of cosmetic* nml 
tlx- fact that Tenny lost n race. As Mr. 
Hopper points and ptusicnt lie label an occa- 
sional puff ul a cigar At lit* l the cigar dues 

not look out of place. Imi It gets more anil 
more Incvoi'riuxis as I lien- is loo. Hopper 
anil more Wang, aud ut lust U feels this and 
goes out. Hopper wits huiulsome.liut Wane 
is low of brow nml bald of head, uud blue and 
yellow und brown nf complexion. 

Prweutly Wang U ready, nml ionic* forth 
as ugly und wicked a ’ Siamese us ever 
■unused an bile hour with the pleasant pat- 
ter of the bastinado. He goes under tlx: 
stage, ami iip(ienm oil lire other side, and puls 
his impatient elephant, This elephant ia 
article to look ul. Imi l iu mechanism is still 
more udinlrabie. Two men pull on etior- 
moos leggings, ami go under the ciuinpr 
shaped like an elc|diaul's buck, ami suspend- 
ed from the flies hy rope* The men ure 
buckled to the canopy, uud l lit- elvpUunl is 
ready for use. 

Two expert civil engineers had lo be call 
ed in t» make tills elephant so Chut two 
me- n could Itcnr its weight and the weight of 
Wang in safety. To prevent toppling, the 
engineers built the iu tenor of the esnopylike 
a bridge, so that the centre of the back. where 
the king sits, whs like the seat of a stool, tho 
lone legs of which went down ami fastened 
at the waists of line melt who form'd t lie legs 
of the elephant. Thus is the principle upon 
which bridges are built, and aa the centre of 
gravity was thrown fur down, and the up- 
rightness of the elephant was assured. Wool- 
son Morse, who wrote the music for Wang, 
invented this »b- pliant. I!« is u versatile 
young man, us this fact shows. 

Hopper tumnits his elephant . and tho play 
gets under way. As it is u tiling which all 
may sec, il has little to do with this article. 
But all tho time it was playing, there wna 
another play of which it seemed only a small 
part. Behl’ml the ace net there were only 
glimpses of tin- singe performance. Il ail 
seemed strange and Utterly unreal. TImj 
man or woman who stand* beside you in the 
wing* dart* on the stage, says or slugs of dors 
something, und then dans buck to lake up 
1 Imi conversation where il left off. Into the 
wings are swept all sort* of strange sight* 
and sounds front the audience and from the 
stage. To you, both stage sod audience 
seem jsirt of "a play There U the clapping 
of hantU. the hursts of laughter, followed by 
solitary laughs of the slow willed or unap- 
preciative lo re Mid there. There ure bits of 
ihe stage dialogue. Winks ami Imud-wuv- 
ing* uud head shaking* inlcmM to imswcr 
some similar signal in tire wings. 

At times all the compuny i* on the stage. 
Again, oti ly one or two ure acting und the 
rest aii- wailing. The queerly costumed and 
heavily painted men and women stand or 
lounge about as thougli lbs performance 
was a thing in which they laid nut tlx: least 
interest. There are small flirtation^, Colli 
menu on personal appearance. those odd. 
sharp liits of humor which shine in the- lulk 
of theatrical people everywhere Ou a pile 
of lumber a stage -rnr|ienirr lie* asleep. 
Spiat upon the door sits a Siamese warrior 
with hi* head on his knees A good looking 
French soldier is laughing, with his face very 
close to the face or a tall girl In tights Mid 
with big eves— tlreir cyca all look uUiormul- 
ly big. by-ihe-way ; lli« point ikies this On 
lire singe they are singing n love song, nnd 
t lie laughing soldier uud the girl lu light® 


atm In In- locating an accompaniment lo it 
with their Irik. Over in tire shadow of some 
scenery u girl, also in tights, with a bright 
lu-liuet on Irer black Isiilr. uud with her bare 
arms upheld by the handle of « spear, is lean- 
ing agninst a property table. Her eyes watch 
tlic laughing officer Jealously, uud her brows 
ant drawn angrily, still further in the shad- 
ow aits another warrior girl. Her arm up- 
holds her head, nud her face shows that she 
is both lured und weary. 

Another girl is lousing three oranges in the 
air. A stngi- hand pur*, and grubs u dc 
wending orange. She ships him. there b a 
laugh from a score of girls and men, tl»e 
passing singe- mu uager uuys *'sh! »h!" uud tlw; 
laugh sloji* at tills suggestion of a flue. Tire 
crowd of fifty people, so qucerly dressed, so 
pictumuiucly grouped, seems lo I*.- happy 
aud good Matured. t*»me stand higli iu the 
company ami have tlreir names iu tire ps|a:rs ; 
others get u bare living out of "tlic profes- 
sioo." Hut among them there U un nlnudutc 
democracy. The humor of the piece they 
are phiying is contagions 

On tlw: other aide of the stage there ure 
fewer people, but the few are interesting in 
a new way. Here are live children, ilie old- 
est lint over seven, awl tire youngest only 
four. Five pretiler children it would Ix- 
hnrd lo And anywhere. They have ideal 
hair and eye* ami fMmS. Tiny are 
dressttl in some fancy costume which be- 
comes limn. A* they walk about, cun* 
fill to make no overbold noise, a quietly 
dressed little woman with a proud smile 
wutdirs them. She b the mot her of Bea- 
trier, the prettiest, nml lake* rare of till. The 
children lire | ir aid of their singe abilities, 
and await their turn with eagerness- As lire 
dialogue draws nearer lo tlreir cue they get 
imwc intjnrT, mid mrange tlreir gowns’ a oil 
llitir hair carefully. Soon they lake tlreir 
slum! lit tlw wing*, wlib faces’ llu rind aud 
cyan bright 

When they come off. they make u du-Ji for 
tlreir dn-Miiiig.Tooni. Thear color is high, 
mnl the girls kiwi them, uud the men pinch 
their check* awl mu*s their hiilr, which Is 
most trying. Thru a girl in Siaoic*e dre*a 
brings il Mg pitclwr of milk nml some bread, 
arid the children sit about, ami cat bread ami 
milk nud vhutter together, with llwlr long 
hair rurling alenil llwlr ro*y ehia-ks nim| 
drifting Upon llwlr Lillie slioutdc-rs, while 
ttrnins of music and snntclwv of song, aud 
now und tiren a ripple of laughter, conic 
faintly from wlwre tlw stage aud tlw uitdl- 
enre are 

Tlw children ap|«*r again hi the secuud 
act losing n medley of Mtitirei Oixise rhymes, 
with big uglv Wang «s lender After lliis 
tlu-y lay aside tbuir pretty stugu dresses to 
put on plain little slips, and follow their 
mothers uway to drcains of the lug, ugly, 
good-natured Wang, to wheat they tiitow 
kisses from lire wings tiefore they go, wiiieh 
Itoacfcnuwlulgrw from I he stage wlih u short 
Lsib of his lii.ick topknot. Hut tliia is one 
of the thing* tire audience does uot see. Nor 
does it hinr Della Fox gravely iit4|lliring nf 
a youth ill evening dress whether sire ought 
to *rwrry her handkerchief, wIk-ii shii wears 
evening dre** iu tire si-cowl act, in her waist- 
coat or in Iwr pocket, ami do uwu about 
town nffert liiir* of the vulhty or carnntiuus 
for boutuiTnl^re*? 

Nut ciut it bear tlw Morics one uf tire un let 
er of the chorus girl* is telling to the cJiildreu 
while tlwy sit solemnly on her k trees, with 
their feet held out of the way so that they 
will not sell her short skirt, utid listening in 
tendy. Nor the clrphaut-keeper cxintplido- 
iug because he drop|K*t *omc money ut 
Morris 1’urk. Nor tire two chorus girls tell- 
iug the word robe woman that lire young 
ladies uf Shun do Out wear their iiuir hb she 
wants them to wenr i heirs, which may lie lo- 
cally correct, tail which is distinctly not bc- 
ctMiilng. This Is tire M'tter purl uf the per- 
formance. fur around and within lire play 
nre tire scenes and incidents of this other 
play, which saipuincs tlw set-down Mid pre- 
arranged line a* human nature always sur- 
passes clumsy mechanical itniiutions, ui> mat- 
ter who wrilca tire libretUi 


BOULEVARD TUNNEL UNDER 
CHICAGO RIVER. 

Is addition to the World's Pair, the stock- 
yards wilt not he the only curious affair with- 
in tlw city limits of Chicago in lWW. There 
will also he n M-atitiful Imulcvard that will 
run under tire Chksgu River nt one of its 
widest cri usings. Cliirago is rather rain of 
its hOOKwdx and there ure not a few cn 
tiiutiusu within tire limits of tire city who 
smile faintly Wlwn they hear mention niaile 
of the achievements of Huron HauaMnunu in 
this direction. The North nnd South Park 
Commlurioner* have at vnrious times d hum ss- 
ttl the possibility of connecting the drive 
ways ou tlreir respective sides of tin- river 
by means of some passageway that would 
not he of a structural nature inferior to IIicm: 
driveways lkeDi*elvcs. It wna certaiiilv an 
liufortuaate affair that the pictiinsnue North 
Hlmre Drive sliould streli-b itself lungiiiglv 
Mid Impnteotiy toward the majestic sweep 
of Mieliican Avenue to tire sonlli. Tlresc 
two spleodld roads were broken only by the 
mnshly. sluggish stream of the river. It ww 
manifestly w rung. 

The lust Mayor of the r-ity, himself a civil 
engineer »f m» menu ability, struck with a 
brilliant idea, once j»f opowd lo build over the 


river a grand boulevard bridge Hut this, to 
lie at nil of use. would necessarily be after 
tbe fashion of lli.it clever bit of engineering 
tbilt unites over the l.iffey lire "finest slm-t 
in Europe. " that 1‘ to sav. Sickvillc Street, 
Dubliu. Hut if tire Mayor were given hi* 
way. nnd if ilie river were bridged thus, the 
schooner t radio of tbe city would lie gripped 
about ibe lliluul, in a manlier of saying, and 
lire riiy's watery highway innile wonw than 
useless. The only way out of il land this 
the Mayor suggested! was to detrain tire 
bridge, anil make il n ilxnl steel structure — 
un aerial boulevard towering over tbe most* 
of lire highest vi-sw-ls enli-iing tire port. 

"A suticrb notion from an engineer'* point 
of view " *u)i) ibo Park Commissioners, *• hut 
for nructienl purpo*rs of no ruiire." 

While lire Park CutnmlsMulwrS aud tire 
Mayor were wrangling you Mid tvHlrtt over 
this matter, a certain wealthy lady of Clika- 
g» was thinking. Tills Indy, to do Irer -hop- 
plug, wo* 1-ompi-llcil lo mix* lire bridges 
crowded with the vehicles of eotnmerce. 
Hlio wouhl l»ave pn-fcrrnl a liiinlrviird for 
her enrriuge. but there mis none. Tire 
thought of the Maroe'* aerial drive wna a 
di/j.y llimight- " Tire Mayor wunls lo build 
t/iYr the river." die said lo herself. •• Why 
in* build amltr lltn river J” 

This Udy— Mrs. Horatio N. Sfuy— men 
tinned the matter to her huslmnd Mr May 
was deliglilrd w illi tire stdieiire. lie tnlil lib 
wife tlod tire bml been tsirn with the genius 
of an engineer, nnd mpu-sted Irer lo drought 
plans. Menu* idle, being one of the Park 
l.'ominissiiiners. Ire spokr of Mrs May* lie 
sign to bis nssiK'iitle* of lire lnard. ami was 
delighted whin Ire found that Urey all eti 
domed it. From iluit moment the sneccss 
of Mis. May's plans wasa^smvsl Sin- Iwiught 
liooks nf engiiicvring and sludiotl them-, sire 
trail up on the Thames Kutliankinent , six: 
sat down ami i umpiiied ibe suppnrt of arcli 
«l Formula: liecaine a* familiar lo her mind 
as new jriitemt. and soon she mold dit-eiuu 
the merit* of all lire uotisl river lunirels iu 
the world. Her plans were maimed, amt 
tire rough drawings were i-Ulsiratcd liy Ar- 
chitect J. L Jillslws-. of < Tiieugo. w lio w ill also 
Ire tbu MineTTising architect of the affair. 
Tire Haaru of Commissioner* raw tire plain- 
nnd drawing*, appioveil them, uml now all 
tlint remain* lo Is* done to embody Mr*. 
May's famous Idea i* to bore and build uud 
Ihiisli* The ground Its* already been care- 
fully surveyed. 

The entlic length of tire subway boulevard 
will Is: .TAXI feel Tin: approaches at eltlrer 
end Hire north evnl will la- ut Ohio Slrvrc 
and the south etui at Itandolpli StrcetJ udl 
Ire through o|ren i-nls, eat h nf which will In- 
800 feel long. These added together will 
account for one-half the length so that tbe 
uorliaa of the boulevard that will he uctual 
ly under tire street* of tire city ami under the 
btsl nf lire river will Ire 1000 feet in length. 
Tlic main drive will Ire <W feet In width, nud 
will be constructed of tire usual boulcvuid 
material, that t* to say. of concrete lucre, 
picked down mm! rolled, rnvrrrd w itlisnUHith 
avqdialt. The footway. Ihat Is designed lo Ire 
only on one side, will tie of the granolithic or 
granitoid construction, nml will be 12 feet 
M width. Thus the total width of tire hoiih- 
Yard will lie 4K feet. The lied of tire mini 
will Ire alioui 80 feel denr of the arched 
roof, or nlwiut 40 feet below the surface of 
lire water iu Ihe river. DlvWling the side 
walk from tire roadway, will he erreted a row 
of gloml ('nrinlhisn columns, forming kiij*- 
ports with their capitals lo the ronf. 

Tlre rrilranri-a will Ire drawn out strongly 
with hold lumps, uud perhaps a trifle of sculp- 
ture. and tin: design* promise sosm-ihiug im- 
posing in this feature. The interior null* 
and roof will lie laid with white euniuelled 
hrii-k. Cement will Ire used in tin: masonry 
fur the prevention of seepage, hut ll will 
Itsrdly Ire a ireeeraity, for lreyo'ml llu: naif the 
Ix-auly of tire iulerior will Ire pruleeted from 
damage by water hy heavy him* of Mnl and 
walernrn'i if cement rnmpnsitian. Along and 
back of the columns w HI run a cornice of terra- 
cotta, ornate with mould lag and sculpture. 
Til is cornice will serve a double purpose, for 
It will not only ndd greatly to the interior 
beauty of the tunnel, liut will also act as a 
skittle for lire Hluioluiiling eleclrie area 

The electric lights that will coufer on thl* 
tunnel tbe farillinncw of the day itself will. It 
Is alinwil uiirn.cesotry to say, lie very numer- 
ous. Concealing tiremselve* Irelimd the terra- 
cotta coinUre, they will fling out and around a 
rudiaiKT- timt. inflected from the white nulls 
and the glistening roof, will furnish forth 
an artificial suns blue, tire Immediate intensi- 
ty of whose glare will he shron<led from Ihe 
eye« uf the passengers. Tints will alt tho 
proverbial effects of a patsngr through a 
tunnel into open day Ire obviated by Mrs. 
May's wire design*. 

Another unusual pnrpusc will lie followed 
In tire construction. Tire grade of the tunnel 
will Ire so slight ns to be reitrcely a mnsidcra- 
lioo. Tire propoitinu of lire grade will Irenoe 
foot In 30 The fall of tire tunnel under the 
river at Washington Slrrvt i* «mo foot in lfc; 
and of the tunm-l at Li Salle, one foot in 31. 
The dlffera B C C, as will Ire seen, is considerable 
Tire engineer* will eneouiiler nodlfik-ulir of 
a specially ungcncrou* nnture in the work of 
conrtruction. The psssnre will huirow ila 
costly nnd artistic way under the stream 
along a line just east of Hush Street, of quilo 
neur that place. «t which tho river widens to 
flow into tire emhmce of 11 m- lake. Tire work 
should be wrenpieled uud tire couuvelton be- 


tween the boulevards of tire south and it 
north sides (viuMiiiinwti*l within lire comm- 
of two years Mr* May bus worked eotU 
curiously in her i-nk-liUttoUX nf lire m*r. „„ 
states that it will all Ire done within the lim 
of #d.2."itl,(JW). which w ill be paid hy *) M( j, 
■sw innii lit Tlx- steel structure overhes 
projxi«*l by ex Mayor Crrgier would reuuir 
an cxpi-mlitum of between fS.UOO.oofi M11 
double that sum. 


BENSON J. LOSS IN G. 

Tiik death of Bi'n»oii J. Lixtilag. at the sg 
of seventy ttiglii. reotovea a writer who bin 
done imicb uu-fiil ami raerilorioits w. ok 
wliidi hut for him would prubahiy n CVr 
have Ireen ilonc at all. Mr Lmwing was bon 
Fc-luuary 12, 1813. in lire county of Dtitc-lrew 
in which Ire slant tire gu-alur part of hi* lonj 
life, and ill which lx: died. As a writer In 
was almuM wholly wlf-educated. for hi* fa 
tirer. a farmer, died while lie was still in i,|. 
rhildhtKHl; nml it was after a very brief j»: 
rind of sdioollng that Ire was put to learn iIm 
trade uf a watch-maker, ul which Ire sem* 
mi apprenticeship of irearly seven year*, mu 
was tiren taken mtu )miiuer>ihi|) liy lu h cui 
plover. Yrt. in 1835, nt lwcnly-|wo. Li la.- 
came tlx- editor ami one of tire ownns of tin 
Pol»|rlikeep*ie 7rlrjrm/v6. In the following 
yi-ar he undertook, w Itli his partner, nnotlu i 
euteriwur in lire form of « literary journai 
cwlleu the Puugliket'|>»re tlolrf. In s|vite of 
tliese nccupstlima he undertook lo learn a 
urw trade — that nf wood cograving; and in 
1888 lo became the editor iuul illnsirutor of 
The /family Mttgmiur, ihe piiuietr of Aim r- 
n-uu llluslraleil (leritxliral*. The next year 
.he established hlm-rlf In New York as a 
wood engraver, Imt coutiuunl to contribute 
tn the jiuirnals in Ptoughkce|x*fc, devoting 
hi* evenings In tlrein nnd liis day* to hi* moro 
retent trade The engraving I mum-re hctwmr, 
before very lung, too im|rerl«nt lo permit 
this diyidid alleginnre, nnd he aUimloiiai 
journalism to found, ill 1K43. in cannccUiai 
wlllt William Itirnll.wb.il for lire ensuing 
i|Uarti-r of n oenturv was the largest and 
mist un ixirl nut esliiblishnicut for wikmI en- 
graving In New York. Tiiis employment, 
fmwevei . did not exhaust hi* active mind, 
and il w-us while lx: was pmrecutlng it, and in- 
diieetly in connection with it, that Ire nlautred 
hj* most ini|uirtant work, 7'Ae 1‘ktvrial 
/IrU IImi o / (far HertJHlfan, originally pul>. 
IhJievI in thirty uurabers. from IH.Ui to 1KJ3. 
This was a vahuihlc work Iliac could not 
have bees done if It bnd been delayiil much 
h -ngur, since the tneuiorinlH of the llevoiulioit 
Unit were still extant forty years ago have 
now in gmu |*irt disiiprawM. ami it U only 
in Mr. Ixsvsing's tinges that tire evidence COB 
rt-vniiig many of itiem Is auy longer unvs 
sildc. The preiwration nf this work deter 
mined sud ci •nil nixvl what may he called its 
author's specialty iu an instructive aud en- 
tertaining local Mihuinry and historian. For 
twenty year* Ire contributed to lliui-tiiM 
Xanxiike paper* iiHire or l<-»s direetty tsar 
jug up xi tin- specially; and the valley of the 
lludaou. which was in a special celiw Ills 
clici*eii field, Ixaanue tire siilijei l of a srrii* 
of illustrnird articles, originally cuntribuled 
to the Loiuloii .-irf Journal, aiid ufterwurd 
collected into nv.fluiiM! entitled Tfa Hud*'*, 
fran tfa WiUt-A ir« r« tfa Sr*, w hich WM 
published in New York in 1*0(1 Meanwhile 
lie hud written Tfa Uft -uxf IStot* of PUU/‘ 
SrbuyUr. which wa- |iuWislnd in t'nio und 
in a rwvisetl edition in lw«l Thh* was a dill 
gent uud InteKMlur dinipiluiiou. for wiiieh 
all tire documents In the |Himeiuiiiiii of Gen- 
end Schuyler's fuinily were pul under con- 
trilxition. and it sheds much light u|nmi life 
in New York during the HcvuTulinn. Two 
yean after the fltst puhlicalina of ihi* work 
Mr. I^wsing In-gun to puriutn- n »ur«M*nr to 
his /'iftrl l {•••!. of tl-r lUriMi’lion in Tfa /*«*' 
rial /falil H.irk of tfa t'ntl IFire i« tit I'oUrrt 
Stiitri. Of this work three volunies wetu 
piihlidx'l — the first in Philadelphia, nnd the 
seroml and Ihinl in Hartford Tin- latest uf 
the aerie* was the /ViWxri Ful-t Ifaui of tfa 
War ./ 1812. which was published lu New 
York iu 1MH. 

This coiM:luded Ibo series of literary labors 
that gave Mr. Louring his peculiar Handing 
Mid his peculiar usefulness aiming American 
authors. Though of unequal they are all of 
considerable interest ; und the first, as we have 
raid, i* of especial value as being (be reposi- 
tory of information nowhere else accessible, 
that would have bteu im-lrii-vnlily lout ex- 
ct-pl for hi* painstaking collection of it iuto 
a irernunent form. Hut tiii* hy no means 
exhausts the catalogue of Iris works. Ana mg 
them are Ml Ontliuc IfiAtory tfa /\n* Art » 
11841); /.«><* rf tfa l‘rr*ulrnU of tfa Vnittd 
(1817); Srrrntoro //•nufreJumlSrlxutg. 
air; or, the War for lndei*mlfM* (1817). 
lift of Qturrul Zarfairp Ttiyfor (1847); Lira* 
of tfa SojMr* of tfa Ijrriil ration uf Indtjjrn- 
tUurr (1848); Uiatorg if tfa. I 'nitiit Stair* 
for School* |I8*i4ii KogmylUe* of Fmintut 
Amcriniu* (1853); »u illustrated Life of 
lr.ialfaftoi. (t80»|; ami Our Country, a huge 
Atiiericwn history, in three volumes, with 
5W1 illu-traltous by Darlcy (1873) The 
title* of his published works number ildrty- 
stx. and in additiou to tlreee Ire was for 
three years (1873-3) lire editor of the .larer- 
iVwta ItiMuricml lUronl and Jbiouiturgvf .V ate* 
and t/Htrit* In 1(858 bo li ft New York to 
retire to a farm m-ar Dover Plains, in tire 
county of hi* tdrth. ami there lx- pmsu-d tl« 
long afUToooti of hi* useful and buiueloss 
life. 



HARPER’S WEEKLY. 



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Digitized by Google 


THOMAS A. EDISON IN HIS LABORATORY.-Dkaw, .it T. »> p AO , 



446 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 17W 


v' J 


y!-> yS* 


EDISON’S KINETOGIIAPIL 

by -kouuk I’ahhons latihiop. 

The name given b> Thomu* A. Edison* 
latest invention, the klnelograpb. <U*< rl 11*11 
briefly (he purpose and achievement of tltnl 
retnurkulle mechanism T1U« purpose. it 
should Iki huIiI. lilt* nothing directly to do 
with what scientific men cull "kinetic 
force." 1. 1.. tin- /lm* of a moving body, Tit* 
nim is simply to produce n perfect and true 
visual image of meu, animals, or other -its. 
jii-ts a* they appear w ben in actual motion. 
Kr»r some lime before the new iuvenlioti was 
announced, Mr. Edison thought of culling it, 
and in fact frequently did rail it, tbe kineto- 


coinfHHinded from two Greek word*. meaning 
movement and writing. Tlie sense, tlizfv- 
fore, in which the klnctograph U to lx- un- 
derstood is that of a “ movement record." 

It performs the same service In recording 
nnd Mien reproducing motion which the pho- 
nograjdi performs in recording and rrpm 
during *-««</. Tlwre. in a ntiUhdL is the 
whole object and aocinupli*liminl of the 
kiiretognxpb. 

Bui, as any one may sor moving form* 
cannot la- registered and retained, ami then 
brought before our eye* again, by imam* pre- 
cisely similar to those lued for sounds. Tbe 
phonograph does its work by engraving upon 
was tbe almost invisible lines caused by ri 
brntions of the voice or by tmlse or music, 
and from these lines the same vibration* may 
again lie act going ami beard again. But 
t I ki fuortion of the kiirelograph la to set 
down and permanently record esurt images 
of men walking, tree* waving In tlie wind, 
birds' flying, machinery in active operation— 
in fine, to secure pictures of any or everything 
that going ft. * , in mntion), ami then to 
show us a complete representation of those 
objects ted* their move ment, just the same 
11* though we were looking at the reality. In 
onlcf to reach Ibis result It must, of course, 
make photograph*— 11 numlier of plioto- 
grupha which, when wen in rapid succow-ioit, 
hnprett them wives upon the eye in such a 
Mending I lint we get from them a single clear 
image of the moving man or brute, bird' or 
machine Tlie kinclogrmpb, tlieti. is a new 
application of the art of photography united 
to peculiar ingenious mee bail ism, lin'd with a 
new system of combining mnnv separate 
photographs ill one total effect, which n jiro- 
duccH wiib absolute tnlelity anil naturalness 
the mortmettl as well US the form of tbu on- 
glnnl object. 

At first glance this may not wem an en- 
lirely' novel achievement. But it is so, nev- 
ertltele**. as may easily, I think, be made up 
parent. It is true that Muyhndgc and tlso 
French investigator Marie made great ml 
vances in ouick pbutogni|>hy. nnd were ublu 
to obtain pictures of men and animals during 
the transition from one altitude to another. 
Tbe ‘ home in motion" is now fully dotne*- 
lieuted in our minds. We are familiar with 
the fact that lior-es. and even our human 
fellow-creatures, take the most extraordinary 
positions when walking, ruuiiing. leaping, or 
in other forms of exercise— positions which 
we cannot perceive with tlie eye. and only 
the keen leu* and responsive plate of tin' 
camera can note down ns tliey exist in fact. 
But hitherto it lins been imp-.wlblc to blend 
tlie reparnte fiictiircs of these different pos- 
lun* in a single complete, active Image. 
Muytirldgc succeeded in pri-M-uting them to 
lire eve one after auollier fast enough tu 
give some representation of the way in which 
tliey if" to make up that general effect which 
we get in simply looking at a moving horse. 
But in hi* experiment* the movement was 
Jerkv. unpleasant, and not mil ami. Loco- 
mot [ves also have Item photographed while 
running nt high speed, hut the result on tlie 
negative mid In the print was tiiiturnlly that 
tl»e engine to iked as though it were stand 
ing still— a result inevitable with ntiv single 
iiisiuiitaiHiHis photograph or series of plioto- 
. graphs, unless the scries can lm passed through 
our Held of vision *•> rapidly that our eye- 
sight can hunch them together in one luimui- 
nious whole This Mr Edison has now 
maile it |Mm*lhlc and prnciinthle to do " All 
that I have done," he sues, "la to perfect 
what had been attempted (refine. hut did not 
succeed, It's just lliul otic step that I have 
token." Yea. that Is all. But In science and 
lu vent Ion the clever old maxim docs not hold 
true that "it is I lie first step which coals." 
Not the first, but the last— the conclusive 
and triumphant step— is the one that costs 
and thul counts. In this case it has cast 
Mr. Edison three or four yrtirM of study and 
patient trial tin the midst of bis other mule 
erignusing oci'upalioiis). togrllrer witli the 
outlay of muck nu-elianioal ingmniry. But 
it also count* to III* great ciedlt. for be lm* 
achieved what no man. w> fur us we know, 
ever ilid before. Even though tills ls> liut a 
single step of pragma, it surely i* a large, 
important, nnd even astounding one. 

'hie camera 1 dwcura give* its by reflection 
and concentration of light rays a perfect re- 
production in little of any out-door or slnxt 


scene upon which it is brutight to bear, and 
tlib Is amusing fur the moment. But the 
effect i» transitory; no lasting record is ob- 
tallied There Is another toy. bated''" 


half of a mail's body That is, H represent* 
iIm> work done by the camera in about 
; lliinl of u Bccijud. In the first fen- of 



three tiny picture* the man bus Ids 
rry simple principle of opt its, which rpugli- mid bis bauds beul upward mrel in waul above 
ly illustrates tlie plan adopted by Edison of the shoulders, mid lu Ibc following ones tbe 
mingling visual imprerelon* on the retina *0 hands are seen to lie innvisl' gradually far- 
that we lake them nil iu together instead of tber 11 way outward. It is a quick ami care- 
separatcly. This it I Ihi gyroscope. wbcTeia k-ae gesture, one which the unaided eye 

would be quite una- 
ble to analy ze Yet 
hero the several 
stages that it goes 
tllluiigli are regis- 
tered indelibly, ami 
With such clearness 
ns to make a trust- 
worthy am I valua- 
ble record of each 
one. Tim continu- 
ous strip containing 
these photo impres- 
sion* Is. it will Ire 
tmdemiond, merely 
a negative. It con 
be used In lire re- 
producer, and a good telling effect can’ be gut 
from It. But the intention Is always In print 
fiom the negative a positive strip. Tin- pos- 
itive. then, on Iwing pot into tlie "reprodu- 
cing" box or rahiiM-t, is deftly borne along 
very fust under n small aperture, in which 
1 lieu- i* a disk of slightly magnifying glam. 
A miniature incandescent lump pluced below 
the tram-lucent filmy baud Illuminate* tbe 
figures on it, making' them very vivid. Amt 
so ns they fly past while we are paring 
through tnu disk, they mingle on tlie retina 
of the eye. and we we tbe little mail wave 
bla arm without hitch or pause as naturally 
ami Hexildy a* though be were muilr of nerve 
and muscle. Tlie main feature- of the re 
prudneing mechanism are not difficult to de- 
scribe. Fig. 1 shows the simple device for 
unreeling the photographed Him from one 
roil, marked A, and carrying it up over the 
w heel B. past the aperture In tlie shutter and 
box at E A* it run* on beyond dust point 
little teeth ou the 
In our engraving 
of the photograph strip many little |>erfor*- 


revrral small figures or painted dip* arc *0 
quickly revolved Unit they mm to come to- 
gether when looked nt through an nprrture in 
tire siirrmimling parteboarii: the same sort 
of thing U dune by toy windmills witli pans 
of a figure depicted on the sr|iarale arms In 
these cases, however, tlie flgiires, or portions 
of litem, must be [minted, printed, or litho- 
graphed on the card board, and they are at 
tlie best only cuiiveiitlimat efllgkw One strik- 
ing difference in Edison's machine is that it 
photograph* from life itself, mid then repro- 
duce* tin- movement and appearance of Ufa 
witli such truth of action thul if colors could 
only be given nt the same time, the illusion 
that one wan looking at something really 
alive would be absolute. But this Is not all. 
Tire mere presentation of figure* in action— 
the "repniducliuu," a* it is called, tlie cre- 
ating of tbe illusion— Is only a jam of tlie in- 
vention, ami tlie smaller part. Tlie " record- 
ing "—i t., tlie taking of tlie photograph* — il 
by fur the most difficult element of tbe kine- 
tograpb’s duly: that which taxed the iiivnil- 
on thought ino*t severely. Wlurt mainly 
concerns u* at pre- 
sent, though, I* tu do- 
scrilic the reprodu- 
cing apparatus 
The kinotngraph 
rej-roducer now* In 
use nt Erlison'* 
laboratory (I. lew- 

ellya Park. Orange. 

New Jersey) is re- 

K riled only as tbe 
sis for still further 
ik-veluptnenL l*bo- 
tograplts arc taken 
Aral from a living 
person In active mo- 
tion — dancing, gm- 
tint luting. Isiwing. 
taking off his hiit. 
grimiuing. or King 
lug liis arms alsmt. 

This is done with a 
camera regulated liy 
electricity, having n 
mediuniiini and uth- 

cr detail* of preparation specially devise- 1 
fur tbe {Mtrpuse. At tlie time of the present 
writing It Is ImpoMlhle t-> give any illustra- 
tion of the reoording oppanitu*. 

lint It may be said here that photographic 
impressions'arc receive- 1 tlir<«igh it upon a 
thin gelatine Ixtnd whidi takes 46 Impres- 
sion* in a Mvond The band or strip run* 
along with pnaligioii* rapidity behind tile 
lens Taking 46 pictures in a wtcond, it 
would take in one minute 27A0. and in one 
boar 166.600 of them With the oleum* nn 
inch wide and spiuan of an inch between, it 
must travel 7J feet in every second. But 
since the slrip is at rest -luring nine-tenths 
of the seeund. tlie passing of lliese 7| feel is 
really all done in «u<-/«nM of n second. 
That i*. the strip, wlien it ilm-* move, grs* nt 
the rule of about 110 mile* au h-iur. It re 
cel*** a perfect [diotograpli -if the moving 
figure in a small fraction of a second. Tlie 
sluilter closes and opens like a tlasli, and the 
gelatine ImihI r-vcive* ori another spot an- 
other perfect picture. So It goes on. A 
point of the utmost importance is this. «u/y 
one ftirln rirlh of a temnrl run lie n flowed for 
iIm< whole i-ru-i'M of inking n phot. .graph 
iiml/ur itUti muring (he Aon/ <1 bin;/ n errtnin 
-/iw.««v. m> that It will be ready for Hm- next 
improkUm. It i» r*H-iilial to rxponr tbe 
laial to the light for the longest p-i-oible 
part of lids fraction of the second, To give 
it such exposure 11* to ohlnin n distinct 
Image, yet carry it forward quick!) enough 
to receive another and anollM-r. un to the 
number of forty six. was per Imps the great- 
est difficulty which the inventor had to over- 
come. lie solved it, though, and now gets 
on the gelatine slrip with cine the required 
number of negative images, each one of 
them being half an Inch in diiimi'ler One 
of tlie illustrations accompanying this arti 
cte shows a •ecliotl of such n strip contain- 
tug sixteen little UD|Kv*aten» uf the upper 



graph will he to project 
tbe figutes from this Irnt. 
greatly rnlargeil. upon « 
'screen, w here they uiuy I- 
abuwii, if need' he. as of 
life si/c. The explssa 
lion* just given will mu* 
it easier to npprelirod tbe 
obstnelen which Edimn 
hud to grapple wi^lt in working out re- 

corder " Ithrt of the process, which is Hk 
very nucleus. ami essence of the luvcnrior. 
In the mw of litUn ]Kiriraii» shown al-ne 
cadi figure on tlie original strip is half nn 
inch square Tin. regular sire to hr usel 
hereafter will be one inch in diameter, Him 
is, just the size of tlie luuttd picture given 
below. 



lion* arc seen indicated along the lower relge. 
It Ih in tho-c holes that tlie projections of tbe 
toothed wheel catch, lluu controlling the mo- 
tion of die atrip, nnd giving II an exact uni 
form progress- Finally, the strip in carried 
downward, ami coiled agaiu for future line 
mi Hie reel drsiigiiatrd by I> Tlie compart- 
ment 1. conbiins tbe illuminating bulb, fed 
by wires from below; and a small electric 
motor, specially made for this machinr, sup- 
plica the needed power. In Fig. 2 — both of 
there sketches, by the- way, were made by Mr 
Ellison for this urlicJe— tlie arrangement of 
tlie strip, and of the shutter between it amt 
tlie glass opening, is outlined more in deluil. 
The shutter la cirrulnr. and In bu4li of our 
diagrams is Irlttnd H S. Fig 2 reprracntH 
it ns though we were looking down upon il 
vertically, with (he gelatine slrip, B B. lying 
flat under it 

Now in the circular abutter there tire four 
openings il, 2. 3. 4). and it is so completely 
connected with the strip moving iiieclianiatii 
ns to art in perfect unhon witli it; so that 
when lire shutter revolve*, these openings 
one after another are brought opposite to 
and over one of the small pictures on the 
strip. A* that picture glides on away front 
the aperture, the solid part of ll-c shutter iu 
■be same fraction of a second intervene* la- 
tween u* ami tlint blank apace on the strip 
w hich separates every picture frntn the next. 
Si through lire shutter oiwuings we lwliold 
only the Hying iiliotograplw, and noire of tire 
blank portion of the gehitine slrip or ribbon. 
It is in iIiIh way that wo receive a continuous 
pirtoriul impression, ami ns each photograph 
slightly vanes from the res(. they Impart to 
our continuous impmu-inn a convincing illu 
uluu of life-like movement*. 1 have spohen 
of garing into tire glass ilisk in order mni 
thin illusive figure in action. But that :* only 
a provisional arrangement Tire u« ini and 
moat effective nmutrer of using '.he kinelo- 


The adoption of full inch pin u re* enor- 
mously increases the diffiruhy of recording 
I.et me state tlie problem briefly. As hi* 
been oahl, forty six pictun * must lie taken 
III one second, and for sonic form* of motion 
it might be nemuarv to get a *4ill greater 
numls r N'-i more than one forty sixth of * 
second being nvalUMc for securing one pic- 
ture and slid lug the bund along ready for ilia 
next, lire qucMimi U. wlist will lie the largest 
proportional purl of that forty-sixth which 
can lie devoted to exposure? .Mr. Kdisna 
auswera it by exposing lire gelatine slnp la 
hi- camera -luring nine truths of tbe forty- 
sixth— i. e., ,| 0 of a secoiiti-arid by so |»!r 
feeling his machinery that it will close the 
shutter pull the ‘trip along otre full Inch, 
stop the atrip again, and open tire shutters, 
all in om four-hundred and-sixticth of a sec- 
ond. This is very quirk work, involving 
much ingenuity, much dt-lirncy and nceti- 
rntrums. in cvmstrurtl"ii. Jerkilre-a and the 
momentum of the uuclunism iu these rapid 
operations were the iimxI otwtiiiate fiutors 
to surmount. A* lire gelatine Uuh] mUm 
nne-inrh picture* mu-1 travel at the rale of 
more than .Vi milr* an hour, tire feat which 
lia* t-i Iw perfamied may perhaps I* appre- 
riated if wc iinagmi- any one » trying to <ln 
plicate it in the rise of a lorom-.risc going 
nt llial »iiine rate. To equal the kiirelograph 
in celerity of pare ami promptness In pinn- 
ing, wc should have to bring the loromolite 
instantly to a rinut eland still while in raid 
career of its .10 mile »pe-Hl, then -oirec more 
without tire low of au Instant — force it up to 
a 5(kmile s|weil again, nmi repeat Hits piuce** 
forty six limes in every second. Tint would 
amount la slopping nnd Matting 16.1 llOtiiirire* 
nn hour, wbicli U precisely wlrat tire kincuv 
graphic recording stnp ihs.-s Furl liermore. 
It should he linnie in mimi that each 1 1 lire 
tire gelatine build Is anested so us In revrivr 
lens, il 

vibrate or move so milch n* the millinnih of 
an inch, for if it stirs at nil the phoiogiapli 
will Ire -shaky or l.luiml. uud its usefulness 
for enlargement be destroyed. Tire little 
plt-llitx- when thrown up t<> life sire is mag- 
nified .17,0110 times. Ilierefore, to buve any 
value when so greatly cularged, il must of 
cotirac Is* perfectly clear uud a ecu rale. This 
compels tlie use of very sharp lenses ; and 
the gelatine hand muat also lie peculiarly 
sensitive iu order to register the imrircsalon 
uuk-kly yet sharply. Photograph* unve in 
-Iced b-ren taken I.) others In a much briefer 


tune IIiuii of a around, but llrey are wi«li- 
-Mit Isaly, faint, and not uvuiliihic for kineto 
graphic re|wwluclinn. Ilcmnreni outde some 
witli mi cxpMUne of only one Ihoiisamltli of 
a second Muyl.ridg. s pictures of different 
phases of movement, on the other hand, had 
lire benefit -if a much longer exposure thin 
Edison's, nnd ncconlingly were much easier 
U> lake Anotlwr ini|NHrinut |Mwnt in which 
lire kinel-arrapli nirpas-es all previous at 
tempts l« this: llcnuncnt could gel only six 
impress ions at a time, and Muvhridge. photo 
graphing a liinl in lliglil, laid to set up 
twelve cinnera* In 11 row. while Kdiwm * 
kineti .graph ran capture any required unm 
lier of pictures iu rapid series, and um-s »o Iji 
oue e.iiu/r.f It can even, u.tb a large field, 
picture u man or horse riinuiiig a ouualdcp- 
ahle siretch. 

Tln-re is /. diffemit son of kiirelograph 
recorder which has not yet leen shown even 
rx|>enmcnlally. Tire tlrnt appearance of tliis 
will I*- awaited with k.vn interest, for 11 c»- 
tahlislw* altmisl nu exact parallel la-twccn 
this invention nnd tire phonograph In the 
form 1 refer to the recor.ler contains a re- 
volving C)lindt-i like lliat of the plMiao- 
grapb. Only, iusleml -if wax, it will Ire 
made of highly sensitized glam: aud upon 
it w hile it turn*, there will Ire taken a series 
of pbol 1 -graphs only -uie 1 wen ly-lltoii suit dill 
of un iiM’h tqttare «wcb — i.t.. invisible to 
tire nuked eye except as very small dark 
sp'.tw Tin will impress theifurlvc* on tlie 
e lass cylinder in 11 continuous spiral line, 
like that of lli.b'iilntions ii|s»n the jdiouo 
graph > wax Ihit they will not lie used for 
liiiicnifi.sl projection. Instead, tire cyliriiler 
will have a ie|«r.«lirelav' altariiment e-rere- 
spomling to the phom>graph reproducer, her, 
in ihia cast, cuUMsting of u uiicroseojic. do 




HARPKR'S WEEKLY. 


jesx 13, mty " 


447 




while the cylinder twirls upon fts net*, one 
msy gaze through the microscope anil lure 
lire" whole action which bu* been Imprinted 
oti the spiral reties of mirropbotoffrapbs un- 
rolled liefore him, the figure* in motion ami 
enlarged to cover llw field of tire microscope. 
Thun we hlull gel in little with this form of 
kinetograpli just wbnt tin- simpler form al- 
ready IBM* public give* in (urge In one 
r«»|*-et hem wc Him! n precise niremhinnc* 
to llwi phonograph The two Invention* are 
meant to be uwtl together u» well ns M-pa- 
raid v By a pliotiuL'mph cylimler attached 
ton kiiicKigrapb cylinder. anil moving syn- 
chronously with it, we lunv revive nnd en- 
joy all nt "once tli« sound. the *ijrht, nnd the 
mnveini-nt of any |<ailii-u!iir occurrence or 
IK-rforinnnce. This, w hich can he done with 
the mien n.-n pic kitirtngnipb, is practicable 
with ibe present inarmfv ini; kindograpli re- 
producer. The last of our illustration* rep- 
rni-iitK the twin instrument* ready to work 
side !■> side in a brotherly. Iinrtnonlou* way. 
nnd with what m-ciii* almost a rouse ions li'u 
in. in In Lclligence Thu original and unique 


birth of one brain, they art- linked as closely 
ns ibe SinnicN- Eng nnd Chang. not hv u 
band of flesh, lait bv a Imr of steel, vl? ,’tlie 
xli aft that rotates lire phonograph cylinder 
hm tint right of the tablet, and i- also con- 
nected with the strip ami shutter mechanism 
of tbo kiiM-togmpli, enclosed In a bo* on the 
left of tbc table. Underneath tbo stand is 
au electric haltery. aud a single rlecuic. mo- 
tor animates and rules them lmili. The 
phonograph W fitted with its funnel for send- 
ing out sound, and tbo kltrelograph U armed 
with its magnifying h-nx-s for throwing 
forth large moving nbii]>ra upon a acixtu 
beyond. 

To say that the kinetugrnpb can be no- 
thing more than a marvellous toy would tie 
busty. It suggests great possibilities, nnd 
meanwhile It l* »* plain a-, day that the re 
source* which it opens in tire war simply of 
MnusMUCUl are very large. Sir. Edison's 
minute inch and half-inch photograph* re- 
produce in action every little muscular 
movement of the face, can show people 
laughing, smiling, crying, and *■> may tic 
used to' exhihit the gestures and changing 
facial expression* of orators, humorists, ana 
actors. By inunus of tln-ni. too, we sliall be 
able to repeat in life-like shadow plny all 
sorts of dances, the rhythmic whirl of tmll- 
ns-ms, sceBtis from the llieiilru, or exciting 
debates in Congress. Military procession*, 
rnmp scenes, street scenes (with their arx-om 
punying not*c ami stir), horse nice*, prize- 
fights. athletic giuires, famous buse-lmll play- 
era batting or catching, col legs crews swing 
ing with a raring stroke in tbrir LnmI, anil 
tl»c contortions of acrobats, will all be mule 
rial for the kineto-plKWiogniph And even 
the kinctogmph alone, by preuenting some 
of there things tn dumb show, without 
voices, bolds in itself a great fund of enter- 
tainment As the speed at which (lie photo- 
graph* are nut may lie greatly increased, so 
Una the figures, if desired, will move three 
times as font as the actual persons could, a 
variety of comic anil crolrsipre exnggera- 
tuios might be prodiux.it by tbfc muons. It 
seems, to me just as evident Unit tbc kiucto- 
grnpli may become Very iireful for inslruc 
I loo In sundry directions. Wbv not apply 
it to acting, fur the preservation and study of 
high example* of tlua art* Mr. Edison ex- 
pects even that it will some day reproduce 
Ibe miriralic tumult of Niagara ll enu pic 
tut* a locomotive with rod* and wlu-vls in 
full swing of motion, or other machinery 
aud operative* at work- What object-les- 
sons might it not bring to us from foreign 
lands of literally moving sights or nccldenti. 
and the animated presence of fur ■ iff peoples' 
Children could haw kiurlograpbtc meting* 
riet, full of authentic specimens taken front 
life, nnd innviug as in life instead of by 
crude imitation. We seem to 1st nearing a 
time when every man may realize the old 
phUmopliicai hfc» of a mn-roo-m — « little 
world of one's own— by uurnlling in liis 
room a tape which will' till it with all the 
forms and motions of the habitable g lots', 
By supplying illustrations of this him! for 
school books and travel*, and by preserving 
for future Rgrs vitalized pictures of im:h 
passing generation or of hist uric events, tire 
klnetozraph may vet play a port tnf incalcu- 
lable importance in huuiun life. 


YALE’S BASE-BALL NINE. 

(im vKKM.i n CtLIlurs. captain nnd scc- 
ood-baremun. played short stop ou the Chi- 
cago Iiigln-clio.il teiun previous to entering 
Yale, fie got on Ibe varsity in his Ea-sh 
mun year, and bus filled the right field, short 
stop, and second Lose, as well as serving two 
years as enptaiu. 

W. F. Poole is serving his third year on 
the uine. He captained bis Freshmnii team, 
and suemshd Danu as catcher for tbo uni- 
versity in XB. lie prepared for college at 
Evniiaion, Illinois, and at Phillips I A ml li- 
ver At the former his learn was a rival of 
CnJhouu'a for High arliool chniupiousbip of 
Chicago At Andover he acted at catcher, 
second luucm.in, and out fielder. 

A. J. Darker. right • fielder, lias devoted 
must of his attention to tennis during his 
college course, lull bus found some lime for 
baao-Tiall. He prepared m 8t. Paul s Bcliool, 
('uncord. New Hampshire, ami caught for the 
mac two years. He pluyed on (he ill Fresh- 
man team. 

W. H. Murphy played a few games at ecu- 
tre field w jib the 'varsity last year, and is fill- 
ing the position of short stop this year, lie 
played live years with bis school nine nt 
West borough. Massachusetts: out- field, third 
hose, short slop, niul pitcher's Is.x, being the 
populous lu which he served at different 
Nan, 

H. O Bowen, pitcher. wn» sulxnitute on 
the nine last year He Its* played with va- 
rious amateur nines in northern Connecticut 
for folir yours | mat. 

11. W. Cushing waa » member of "Ill's 
Fresh man nine, and l« piny ing liis third rear 
with tbc 'varsity Hit regular position is lu 
the out field, but be lias pluyed at second, 
third, aud short 

T. L. Met 'lung, first- luwmgn, bns been a 
member of tlic nine for three year*. Fresh- 
man year he allnmnlnl with Poolo behind 
the but. but played regularly nt short stop 
He prepared at niillipsfExeUiri. where Ik- was 
cut tiller for four years, cuptaiuing die team 
In his Senior year. 

II. T. Jackson, substitute catcher, played 
first base for ibe nine at Siglar's acboof in 
IM. From ilnme lie went to I-awiwuceville. 
and rnvrred first base two years. During 
III* third and Senior year he acted as ca|itain 
ami catcher for the Lnwreoccville club, siic- 
txxdlug Brokaw. This is his second year at 
Yak, 


* P* 

ami out tiuhkr for Pliillipe ( Andover 1 1 
year. He was captain of the present Frea.li- 
iiina til m 1 until bis serviceo were rei|uinxl ou 
the 'varsity.. lie covers left field and alter 
Units in the pitcher's box. 

L. T HI iw, vii Iwtitulc fielder, played two 
years at Andover, filling tbe positions of out- 
fielder - and 1 tlrtrd tuwmnn ~Htr to~ w g nl iu • 
centre fielder for 'Sf’s Freshman nine. 

J. II. Fruralatch i* Mbsiltute pitcher. His 
experience was gained at Northwestern Uni- 
versity four years ago, and later with ama- 
teur nim* in WiKsmsin. 

J. H. Kedzie iireiiared fur college at tbn 
EvamiOD | lllluoU) High school, lie played 


there ns catcher for three 




lau-l y 


t year 

Northwe H ra uhlwndljr. lie is 
regular catcher for tbe Freshman nine, aud 
an Intitule third liuse man oo the 'vanity, 


DIL FORDYCE BARKER. 

Du. Fohdyck Barker, one of the most 
eminent physician* r.f thi* century, died at 
his residence in- Thirty -eighth Street. New 
York, lost week, aged' seventy three years. 
I)r. Utirkt-r had been practising hi* profes- 
sion for fifty years, and for more than Uiirty ' 
year* of tliat I hoc Ik; bns stood in tbe very 
front rank, lb' was u native of Maine, mid 
born of aniEiiglbh family. Ills fnlher ta-ing a 
physician, lu 1837. when be was ninetouo, 
be was gradlMtod at IWiwdom College. He 
*lu died mcflicioe in Boston with I.li Henry 
I. Bowdltcb, ami al«i with Dr. Charles H 
8*«tl mao st the Cbelsen Hospital. Then lie 
went to Kdiuliurgh and Puns, and received 
it degree of Doctor of Mcdii-ln* al Paris in 
lHIt. Keturning to Arnericn, he al once be- 
gun to practise at Norwich, Connecticut. 
Four year* Inter lt« was mask Pmftwsor of 
Midwifery in Bowdoin Medical College Of 
nlsstcirks he nwdo a special study, am! in 
' ' n be car . 

ncoouui of tills 
distinction^ tliat he was invited in 1800 to 
come to New York, and take tbe chair of 
Midwifery and Disease* of Women in tbe 
New York Medical College. This invitation 
Ire accepted, and once tlsnt lie hail taken up 
hi* residence in New York, his position w«» 
assur'd. In IhYJ he wi> made olislclrirnl 
physician to Bellevue Hospital, ami lid* post 
lie Im'IiI for twenty- two years In lHfitl be 
neerntod tbe chair of Clinical Midw ifery nnd 
the Di.-cusci of Women in Bclkvui! Hospital 
Mclicn) College 

In liis specialty Dr. Barker was constdlcd 
by physicians from all putts of the country, 
and patient* were will to him from far and 
wide. But as a family physician his pooi- 
tinn was unique. Ills tiispoeitloa Wm moot 
charming, uiid liis cheerful presence brought 
sunshine Into every sick-room he entered. 
When he reached u pstM-nt he not only re- 
nmured the family, bur cheered up the sick 
person by restoring confident* ' If all did 
nut fuel that everything wu* ult wluiu hu 


wiuvfn cbnrgc.-ilic)- wcre-coofldent-thiil- tbe- 
Very best would la- dom: I but was jsauibli-. 
a oil they were correspondingly hopeful. Hi* 
present <• — lie was a tall and riMiiinniitling 
mao— and kindly face ukitd him no little in 
his ininistiuilnna He hast n- Ins fMtlcuts 
very many of tlie richest ami la>t known 
families III New York. He attended Ibe late 
William B. Astor. ami also his sou the lam 
J oil a Jacob Astor. He was Geaeral Gram's 
physician in liis lout illm-w. 

lie was a meat popular man in the profes- 
sion , bring alike reaped ed for his ability aud 
beloved for bts amiuliility and geneftwity. 
Ik- was esiwcially kind ti/ibe younger men. 
ami never fail'll u:> assist in an iioosteDUitioiH 
way a mull who was struggling against ad- 
versity. One of thette, who hod known Dr. 
Barker and Ijreuliis intimate friend foriiumy 
yrars, said, wben be learned of his death: 

" The prokssion bus lost one of its most dis- 
tinguished nu'inbers, and we who knew him 
a very dear friend He was Hmi kindest- 
beariod man I over kiu-w Every one who 
ever cauie In coutoct with hirn liecame bis 
admirer. I never beard a |wrson say mi un- 
kind word of him. You could not help lov- 
ing him. Of late years, when be begun to 
furl, some of his cheerful ness Jell him. He 
dhl not want to believe that dissolution was 
approaching, and I thiuk that the most any- 
one Could do lu offend him Was to suggest 
that he wiis breaking Instances of hUoig- 
licnrU*dursti are innumerable, though he nev- 
er told of them. Whatever help he gave to 
u member of his profession would never have 
lawn known if the recipient of bU aid bad 
not told of it 1 nrver knew a physician 
who could inspire so much confidence in a 
patient. " 

For more tbiui twenty five years post it 
h** btcu Dr. Barker's habit to go to Eurojie 
every summer He knew both Tltackt-rny 
and Dickens. When Thnckeniy was lu ILU 
country Dr. Barker was his physician; and 
Dickens, on bu lust visit Id America, was 
Dr. Barker'* guest while in New York. Dr 
Barker bad visited Uitii of the great novelists 
iu England, iiud was frequently u guest at 
God's Hill- Five years ago, white in Europe, 
Dr. iiarker had lypbuid fever, nnd lie ho* 
nrver been tbo same man since. He kept up 
bis work, however, ami ouly three day* be- 
fore hi* death be drove about the dry attend- 
ing to bis practice, The next day lie wa* in 
bin office, with an outer room full of patienla, 
when stricken with 
paralysis, uud died 
forty eight bourn lat- 
er. lie asked the pby- 
sicinii who was called 
if Ibe Mrnke wrm not 
paralysis, and tieing 
told that it wais-taW. , 

" Well, I gmws this 
will be the end." 

• Dr Barker wnur 
mmle a Doctor of 
1-uw's by hi» ttlnui 
Ntater, Hundoin Col- 
lege, and the 
degree was conferred 
on him by Edinburgh 
University and Co- 
lumbia College. Ho 
was consulting phy- 
sician to Bellevue 
Hospital, l lie Nursery 
and Child's Hr*pitai, 

Bt. Elizabeth's llospl 
tal, ami the Cancer 
Hospital, and surgeon 
to the Woman'* llo*- 
pilul. He wiw h ns'in- 
ber of the New York 
Acndcmy of Mcdi- 
ciue, of which bu w as 
President from 1J»78 
to IkKi.lhe New York 
County Medical tioct 
ety, the New York 
Obatelrical Society, 
tl»c New York P*t!«- 
logical Hocietv, the 
New York Medical 
ami Surgical Society, 
the Medical Society 
of the State of New 
York, and the Amer- 
ican Gynaecological 
Society. Of the Last 
two iiatuexl societies 
1*0 hud been presi- 
dent. He was also 
Honorary Fellow of 
tbe Koyul M«dicul Bis 
ch'ly of Athens, and u 
member of tiio oh 
slctrical socU-lies of 
Elmburgh, Loudon. 

Philadelphia. and 
Louisville, and of the 
Philadelphia College 
of Physicians. He 
puhllslKil inaoy lec- 
tures and medical pa- 
pers. nnd also a work 
on piKirpcnd diseases. 

ThU was inuislalt-d 
into OunuNii. French, 

Itulian, and S]Htni*b. 

He *Uo wrote h irea- 
tUc on seusickncss- 

He wa* ii musirian, 
and pussiuiistcly fund 
of music. As a youth 
he led lire “I rim: land 
ui iiowdwlu College, 


nnd-wlren-he lirrel-in Norwich, Conn*.,', 
wa* tire tirgnnirt of tire Kpi'Copal cliureh 
there. This mote he | n awvrd ibruuy-j, Hfu. 

*• GRANT, OUR CITIZEN'.** 

On Wednewlay, June 8d. wu* iiuv>-i| 4 . 4 | u M , 
statire of General Grunt at Galena, 111 f nni&. 

Howaayourowo beloved citizen,” nuifi Ex. 
Governor llustd, of Wisconsin, in thu 
ductory s|weeb, a.-ul In such clmnwtQr | H ]„, 
represenitil. "Grant, our Cltizru’’ | n || ( 
legend uerusa the l»*e of the statue. ] t ^ ’ 
resents him as a drizen of Galena ltl 
close of the war. He is In citizen'* tlrr*?' 
standing iu » character islic attitmli-, ulmJJJ 
ed in contcmplittirin.aiMl liis old frii'i,,| H 
then It l* an excellent portrait of him a* hi 
ap|icarixl lit that tinsc. Tile figure of the 
luoiiiiiucut is of bronze, eight feet in heigiit. 
resting upon n raxUwtnl of granite. Three 
s»le* of tin- ]H-destal eontaiu iuias n lirfs of 
Mtall In IM life of General Grain, rare of 
tln-ni being the scene nt lire meeting of the 
two great leader* at Appomattox, Grunt and 
Iz-e rluspiug bunds in the centre A Cldc* 
go artist, John UcJert, is the designer of the 
monument, which wu* pretMteu to Galena 
by Mr. II. II. KobUrutrt, of Chicago, a mem- 
ber or lire Board of Directors of (Ire World* 
Columbian Exposition. Tbe slat ire stands 
In the centre or it large park lately mode in 
the htart of the city. 

Tire ceremonies lUlendant upon the no- 
veiling of the statue were very interealinc. 

It wio. a gain day fur the city where tire fa- 
tuous General luude liis borne. Grant went 
there in 1888, where be engngrrl in bnuness 
which paid him 8'* JU • year. Wben tbe 


a public meeting in Galena he was elected 
captain, and in that capacity went from tire 
city with a company of volnnlecra. When 
Ire rcruroeil. Ire wa* the world-famous Gener- 
al. Gtimploling bis trip around lire world, 
Genera] Grant rallied in Galena for a little 
while, ami hi* old lowoaptSDh were delight- 
ed to honor him at lire mi veiling ns a citizen, 
while tire visitors held him dear ns * fcllow- 


CUaunceY M. Di-pew liriog tbn n 
tor of tire day. Tire xliilnc was nuvelUil by 
Mim Pauline Kolilsunrt, tbc liUlc tUughlcr 
of tbe donor. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1T40. 


448 



r. II. I'ljBe. 

PRINCETON 8 BASEBALL NINE-Fro* a PMmnin. 



II. W. Culilaf. 

YALE'S BASEBALL NINE 


JL J. Pvkn. It T- JirUii 
-Kiuim a PnoiXKHiAi-it — I 




r V ^ ■ 





FSfiTW 



JUNE 18.18M. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


449 



THE FOUNDERS OF MARYLAND. 

8<imp. of tbc first English colonisl* In America gave Co their 
aettlcracnts, or li> tbe land embraced within their charters, 
the name* of their respective founders, thus perpetuating 
their memories. In »otnc cimcs tills personal naming of tbu 
New World was Inspired by no feelings of reverence or love, 
but ratber regarded ns nn act of policy, or it may be con- 
venience. In all cases, however, where the former motives 


actuated the settlers, tbc people of the places to-day are apt 
to regard the original bolder of the name wiUi the same feel 
ing* u animated tlieir forefather* in conferring the honor 
Maryland was named after the (juecu of the llrst Charles, 
from whom the charter of the colony was obtained, but a 
great city and a fertile county bear lire title and the family 
mime of tbc man who was instrumental la obtaining the 
grant, anil wbosc sons led the first colonist* to tbe region 
of tbe Chesapeake. The names of Calvert and Baltimore am 


moat intimately connected with the early history of the Stale 
and the thought of the people. Sir George Calvert. Huron of 
Baltimore, wn* assigned a high pbirc in Use court of Charles 
1. He w as ii Homan Catholic, and deharied from the pri vili-gi-a 
of many cif the oilier cokxiirs by muon of bis religion-. Iiul 
such was bis bleb position ill tbc cyt'* of all people in England 
that be was able to obtain large concession* from tlw King. 
He was made proprietary lord of tbe new province, with 
many privileges, and It Is to be especially noticed that 


I 

: 


V 




jogie 


THE IN VEILING OF THE CALVERT MONUMENT NEAR BALTIMORE.— Drawx nr IIksuv Bammiam. 


450 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XNXV„ NO. 179®. 


through hi* effort* and owing to hi* bencvn- 
li-nic ihe colon lata of Maryland nets hlrwcd 
with certain right* upon which I In- prosper- 
it)’ of i*ir Mnenl guveraiKU I* partly IiiimsI, 
namely. tlrat of rellgiou* trrrdoui and lliui 
of legislative representation. According to 
Bancroft. "he was llie first in tlie history nf 
the Christian world wk for religious re- 
curity and pracc by tlM) prucllcv of justice, 
and not liy Um excrri*? of |M>wrr; i n plan Ihe 
cMahtUhiurut of popular institution* with 
the enjoy iiKUl of litwrty of coitK-imcr. to 
ndvnuoe tlir career of civilization by recisg- 
nir.ing I be rightful equably of nil ('in Mian 
•ect*.” Siieh w Hh lit** nmu who provided the 
lienerttii which lie did not lire to • n joyed. 
When the great seal wi*» affixed lo lire char- 
ter. and all potent right* confirmed, llic sec- 
owl Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert. wn* the 
rcolphiat of the favor*. Imt tin- work of col 
nnizulion wascarri**! on a* hi* father dei-lreil. 
At great personal rxiienw the colony was 
fitted nut, and escorted to lire lieaiillfilf prov- 
ince iu the Ark nnd Ihtrr hy Cal- 

vert. who acted n* lieutenant far hi* brother, 
on Miirrli 27. 1634. After having made rapid 
•urvey* of tin* country, the village *>f St. 
Miuy’* van plunlcd. anil a period of prosper- 
ity Instituted, 

To the Calvert family brlnnir* all lion or. 
and ull hearts are animated *»y their cnden- 
vora In the cause nf pt-csoiml lilierty To 
Leouanl Culvert. Ihe flirt Governor of Ihu 
province, all people an- drawn, awl lo him 
have the people of Maryland erected u mnn- 
unieiii. Thu Legislature of the State appro- 
priated the money for Ihe purpose and on 
June 3d ihe manorial was travelled by Nlm 
Culvert. o( Washington « direct dort-mlant 
of Uie Governor. The monument Maud* 111 
the old luwn of St Mary'*, upon the spot 
where the colouirta gathered upon tln-ir land- 
ing. Tl>c monument in* shaft thirty six I ret 
in height, «f American granite. Tim Ira**.-, 
which it »jx feet oqunre. treat* four Intcrip- 
lion*, which repeal hi* virtue* awl the no. 
bilily of hi* charucter. 'Hie whole Story i» 
told in Uni legend on the back, which rend* 



Colonel HcJi.trf was tlie orator of ihe day. 
iumI paid nil Interesting tribute lo the mem- 
ory of Ihe men who laid tlie louiidatiou* of 
civil liberty. Ex-Gove rnnr Pinckney Wliyte 
also spoke" awl liidmp Pare! pronouiK-ed tlie 
benediction. The Governor of ll>r Slab' ami 
n repraeaittlive lot of Roman Cutholic clergy 
were among the distinguished company pri- 
se ut at the ceremony. 


JUDGE SAMUEL M. 
BRECKINRIDGE, LL.D. 

UV ETII KI-IIEHT D. WAR Ft El. II. 

Tiik Midden ami tragic death of Judge 
Samuel Miller Breckinridge on the floor of 
tlie I’n-sbytcrinu General Assembly at lie- 
trolt. Mlchlgnn. on the 2$lli of May. closed a 
career of singular nobility awl usefulnea*. 
Sprung from families distinguished in church 
and slate. Ire happily united the tendencies 
of the mrina* tlimida nf hi* ancestry, 
ami added freak distinction to the 11011000] 
name* Ire bore at tlie Imr and on the bench, 
in tlir halls of Legist vl tire, nnd 111 the n**cm- 
hliea of Ills Church, while by the most win- 
ning trait* in oociul life lie kept nlivc Ihe pc- 
collar memory of hi* father who was known 
lit nl I 11* the liiosl lovely of Chrislian geollo- 
nun Ills father, the’ Her John llreckin 
ridge, P D-, dual in lKtl. ami left his only 
*oti lo lire cun? of III* iiiak'tiial giandfaiiret. 
Her. Samuel Miller, D I).. the distinguished 
Princeton theologian. and of hi* uncle. Rev 
Rolartt J. Breckinridge. B. 1). From In ah of 
these sourci-s Ihe hui imbibeil Fresliylcrluli 
theology and stanch Union sentiment*. Ed- 
ucator] partly in Princeton anil partly In 
Kenlucky. Ire removed In imi» lo St I.oui*. 
anil though only just of age. rapidly all fuel- 
nl nntice'hy his scholarship, ability, and tbo 
grace and ease of In* oratory. With the ut- 
1110*1 decision lie embraced the Union cnu»e. 
In 1KU nnd 1 TO. > lie served In tin- Slate I^gi*- 
httille. awl III ITO® wa* elected to the bench 
of Uie Circuit Court. Throughout the war 
he wa* active in support of tlw adminis- 
tration, and throughout his lift- mnuini'd 
out- of tlie leading Republican* iu Mismuri. 
Though often urged, sulnrquciit hi hi* re- 
tirement from the bench, 1« aHconw a cnndi- 
dale for office, nnd on two occasion* pressed 
to accept the Republican tiotninnthm for the 
Governorahip. Ire mvarialily dcelhred Thi* 
iiiiwlllliign*-H* to enter actively into |«rty 
politic* win* due more lo tlie modeaty of hi* 
clsaraeti'r. nnd his nrttlrsl rrpugnnmr lo all 
self M i king, limn lo unwilHugue** to make 
Micrilices for his party. On several occasion* 
he was prominently mentioned a* 11 pruha- 
Me appiiintce to Ihe I'nilctl Stales Stipri nie 
Bencli. and also for a cabinet position, either 
of nliM'li positions he would bnve grvwtly 
adorned. 

While lie wa* thus refining to seek the 
phus-. which hi* talent* mtiimmI to so richly 
deserve, he wa* con-i willy serving other* iu 
a great nunil*rT of puailions of eonlhlencu 
and lru*l. lie wit* the jieesidcnt of the 1’lli- 
vctslty Club, of Ihe Priuceton Asaocintioli. 



govpTnmi'nt i* equally true. 
Never thelcs* U i* a llibule 
to the «ucc«» of Str John, 
whn for a quarter of a era 
tury ha* dominated iu ibc 
government of the country. 


Unit thi* h 


llmte w ho iu 


JI'tNIR SAMI'Et. M. BltECKINRirsiR U.D 


of the Presbyterian Social Union, and many 
other similar institulion* of lii* city. No 
public Hireling nil* complete without hi* 
gcniul smih- nwl graceful wit When I.onl 
Chief Justice Coleridg*' visinsl St. Louis a 
few year* ago. he was the cliNirinnn of the 
rere|itioii committee. and illu*lrnle<l his arhie 
acquit Intance and remark aide memory by 
prcM-uling the great throng of gw-*u to the 
dislinguhhi'il visitor by tinrae, without best' 
tailon or prompting 

Fur twenty year* he wa* a ruling elder In 
the Chinch, an oft appointed delegate 
GrncTal Assemblies, and “ “ ‘ 


Uiat on "Theological Seminaries." 

Hut none of these things cun give an idea 
of the man. The story of Id* life cannot I* 
rend in what he tttil, tint must he nought in 
what lie ico*. The humhlrst cnaie to him 
for <sniu»el, tlie strongest for I'ncnuragemeiil; 
rich nod poor, white and I dark, every claw in 
tlie community, knew, honor.sl. and loved 
him. He nav’er forg«* what he owed to 
other*, and he bad live courage lo rebuke, as 
well ns the interest to evimmetul. It i» nccsl- 
Icmi 10 analyze what h« waa, for it is ensy to 
sum it up in what he wished to In', and hap- 
pily wa*— the Christian gentlcmau. 

SIR JOHN ALEXANDER 
MACDONALD, K.C.B.* 

nr DUStl'S W1MAN. 

Tup. solicitude of Queen Victoria, express- 
ed hy calile message* twice a day. as to the 
roniiition of her faithful euhji'et Sir John 
Mncihioahf. whn, thn-c thousand mile* nwny. 
lay inlying, will lie the keynote 'y wok'll 
the friend* of till* remarkable mon would 
like to have him judged. Even those whom 
he slid not count among hi* friend* will ad- 
mit that to judge him hy the standard of 
loyalty to Great Britain, will he hilt to faith- 
fully rvlh-el Ihe *plrit (Imt appeared lo ani- 
mate the greater pirt of hi* policy during Ihe 
long pertisl through which In- ended the »hip 
of state When it i« recnlled that the region 
over like destinies of which lie *0 long pre- 
sided cnvnpriM-s half a continent, occupy ing 


I includes in *re* forty per cent, of tlie 
total area nf the Hrilisli empire, it will he Iwt- 
tcr understood how Important n part loyally 
play* in reviewing a life apparently so im 
porinnt to it* existence. 

For while it will he admitted that Sir John 
endenvored to do much for the vast stretches 
of territory over which he ruled, and lliat in 
thi* patriotic service he was neither selfish 
nor self srekiug. the *|drit that animated him 
was that he w ns ilesirou* of promoting llic 
glory of Ihe liritiidi empire, and, (X'lm-nling 
Hie ties that bind closely togetbor tlir mother 
rtiuntry and licr gn-atest rolony. perpeluale 
in North America ilw monairiilcal system. 
The influence of n great republic situnk'd 
side by side with this colony, ilrawlnp from 
all Hh' world contrllniiion»'to iu gn-alncss, 
ha* lieen a forre of ronsequeme in this at- 
tempt at unity of empire. The splendid 
progress of Ihe United Slntr* in natural de- 
velopment. in growth of ■■■pulatloii. in accu- 
mulation of national nnd individual wealth, 
and in every element tlml goes lo imike up a 
solid nation, hn* Ihh-ii I ho standard hy which 
to ludge a* to the slow progress of Cnnod*. 
ami, at the mini*' lime. 1111 itillucnce to re. 1st 
In III*' task which Sir John **-t for himself 
Tliat the people of Canada are* still lojnl 
to lirilisli Connection lln-rc can !*• no sort 
of quest loo. Imt that they nre vi in spile 
of niistnke* in (lie policy of the leader nf Ihu 
* A iMiilnilt o4 Sir JmIib A. MacilniiaM *|>p<wml Iu 
Ukt Wxm-v .d Jt-vreh till ut tkl. vrar. 


suppmed to wisli it other 
wise. Hence then? i* sonic 
thing piithrlicin the nnxietr 
of tlie Queen, lierself ml 
vnneed in year*, a* to tl.e 
licullh ami life nf this old 
man. One repre-ents In tint 
GUI World, ami the other in 
half the New World, the per- 
petuation of tlse policy which 
a hundred yean ago was re 
pudiuied hy tlie other half of 
thin continent- This rrptidi 
at Ion. having resulted In tin’ 
creation of a new nation of 
Ipsty growth and vigorous 
aelf-govcrnmcnt.luks atluinrd 
great ami lasting jviwer. nnd. 
computed with the materinl 
ami moral furre* devi-loped 
In ( 'Hnadn under monairhienl 
rule, create* an impression 
of profound disparity. 

The j wn pin of till* new 
nation, therefore, hn.k with 
cimmi* Interest on the exist- 
ence of what to them on this 
continent teems a relic of hy - 
gone day*, and the full «g- 
nifiriuice of Ike death of Sir 
John A. Macdonald. csqieelal- 
ly from an extreme loyalist 
point of view, is that' It is 
sought to make it appenr he 
oeeviplf* tlie position of n martyr. This 
claim for him Is found in tlie chcumMancra 
that Ills end bus hern luulrnrd hy hi* ex- 
traordinary exertions during the recent gen- 
eral FurlUmmiary election, in which brand 
his lii-ulrnniit* alleg'd Unit an ndh'-rt-nre lo 
British omincclion was the nurstion ut i»- 
*iu-. The opposing party, like Lilierals, vehe- 
mently den (ml tin- wa* the point to l«- voted 
Upun. alkd vied with like Tories in Ihrir as- 
sevcmlioiia of loyalty to Great Britain, al- 
ways rlalminc. however, that to. Ini geriuiot' 

_ it mu« is- riinsistent with loynlly to the In- 

mem her of the terests of Cntnwla. Nevertheless Sir John 
that for nnd iii* party . from one end of the Dominion 
to (lie other, vociferated Hentuneiiia of ex- 
treme attnr-hinent to "like old ling, the old 
party, nnd tlie old lender," as against Hie 
party hwikliig to a clow comnu-rciiil reln- 
tion with the Unitrd Slate* (hi thnt ex 
tremr <-ry of loyally, nnd on no other, wn* Ihe 

f lovetniiienl Mialatited, and even then only 
iy n largely reduced majority. But even 
ltd* reduced majority 1* solely derived 
from (lie outlying province*. Inrgely de- 
pendent u|toit governniental supplies, nnd 
comprising the -mulli -t numlx-r in piqwiin- 
lion ami in lax cuntrihuting twiner 'I'Iki 
giv-.st mid wealthy' province* of Ontario ami 
Qcrbcr. yielding three fourths of the reve- 
nue. and’ comprising the moo* progressive 
portion* of the country, repudiated Sir John 
and liia party, though in doing mi the ma- 
jority of vot'er* took pain* to declare that 
they were in no reuse disloyal to Ihe British 
crown. It is important that ft clear under- 
standing of this struggle should lie afforded, 
f<ic hy it* eventual results niiirt I- judged 
the aucx-M* of Str John Macdonald'* st.vte*- 
m*n*hip. ami the poliry of biMlilily In lire 
United Suite*, w lik'li of lute years ansi to 
animate him, 

Loyally lo Great Britain in Cnaida con- 
*lst( In hostility to a political connection 
with the United Stale*. Political union, it 
is strenuously argued, would be lire logical 
result of n commercial union, and hence the 
Tor*' party, wlio are the custodian* of this 
kind of loyally. Iinvp gradually got into the 
position of antagonism to even trade with 
this tviuniiy. ‘1 be only trade Hint thry will 
tolerate would lie thnt which filters through 
high lari If wall. Sir John Macdonald. 


animated by the deepest loynlly of thi* 
' * ' .'nlliig Hie Tory party In 


kind, ■ 


rretion True, he favored the old recipro- 
city treaty between the Untied State* nnd 
Ciimula when, by nn exchange of nntural 
prnduei*. < annihi got an etuirmou* silvan 
Inge, hut ho was bitterly opposed lo eiorer 
eoinmeirinl relation. The oaiional jwillcy 
w bich lie inaugurated, and w blcli I* a policy 
of the narrowest protection, was justified by 
the akwrtion Unit " if we in Cmiada ennnot 
get reciprocity In trade, we will have reci- 
procity in tariff* " Reciprocity in tariffs 
has followed with a religioner, event ua ting 
in the McKinley hill on one side of Ihe Iwir- 
der nnd the Foster tnilll on Ihe othrr Both 
arc iMtntlk'l line* stretching athwart the ohi- 
tineni. aptly eoni|«re«l to a liarlwd wire 
fence, over which one brother cannot trade 
wllli another brother n lntsbel of potatoes for 
n bushel of apple* wilhoiii paying trihute to 
both government* Iwyotkd the com of produc- 
tion. The annie relative rate of custom* fur 
■1)1110*1 every nrlklc, whether natural or man- 
ufactured, prevail*, nnd wo far os impedi- 
ment* to commerce are eoncenied. the tun 
countries on with side of the purely linugi- 
nnry line nearly four thousand mile* in 
h-ngtli might just us well la- divided by a 
wide sen. 11 deep niur-.i>*, or n high range of 
maintains. 

But in addition to tlie erection of thi* ex- 
treme tariff, other condition* were |a'rinilt«sl 


in prevnil hy Sir Jolm which have heeai ex- 
treinely exasperating and destructive of the 
close relation* ubn li *houhl exist between 
two people to related uud mi situated. The 
hnrsli ami an(ii|Uiiu-d interpretation of the 
fisheries treaty, involving interest* so ex- 
tended and critical; the refusal to afford 
lumding farilitie* for fish In Canada, while 
enjoying in the United Slate* the innrt un- 
limited privilege* for llic lioodliig nf good*, 
the iliscriniinalion in f'*nndian mnaU against 
Anu-iicnn craft : the failure to enforce tract 
norintinu regulntioiis similar roi|io*e prevail- 
ing in the L nil's! Stale*. rx|»isbig large in 
T'-MiiM-ni* on this side of lire border to rl*k 
nnd I'hm. ami otlicr question* — are nl) point* 
of CMitact mid pninta of divergence that 
ought, under a broad and sticccreful *laies- 
nian-lilp. to have lieen adjusted. 

It i* inn- that Sir John developed in Om 
nda 11 great system of railways, out iIm- mic 
ers* of lliat sysicm ilcpend* upon imfllc 
with the United Suite*, for w ithout tlw bual- 
nesa 'h-cirisl from tills side of the Ivinirr 
these system* of road would be lainknipl 
It Is true (lint a great system of waterway* 
ho* been dcvrlopr'l. nnd that by lliecxpemii 
lure of forty million* of dollars tlie Canadian 
canal* have l»reu created; but there ore not 
forty < nn*dian craft lo navigate thetn. nud un 
lea* American resael* use them, with Ameri- 
can produce, the InvMlmcot S in vain. It is 
true Hint miller Sir Jolut'k policy the extra 
slvc region in the Norlhwesl has bren open 
cil up. nnd that the future wlwwt granary >*f 
the world tin* been made ucceraihlc But it 
t* equally I rue that up to this time the popu- 
lulii-n of that region i» lc*« than a single ward 
in tlie city of New York. It i« true (but 
Canada poMcwcs mineral resources greater 
than almost any country in tlie world; yet. 
rich ns t-be i* l»v nature. »be I* poor in "tin* 
r'-twcl Uv policy. In limU-r. in coal. In fl*li. 
nnd iu agficiillaral p'aaibilitic* Canada pos* 
m-«s |wirentinlities almiot beyond belief. 

The ■intuinl and nearby mnrket for tlie 
product* of half the continent over which 
Sir Joliu nilcd is llic United State*, ami 
which great market could lc had in a fair 
exchange for a mnrket for American manu- 
faeturea, which Sir John hud it in hi* powrr 
to "Her. But thi- offer Implied 11 diicrimt- 
nntion against British in favor nf American 
nintiufariMrcr*. nti'l.lhe Canadian farmer and 
miner nnd fisherman and lumlr-rrnan. and nil 
oilier Canadian interests, were **rritsn-d in 
Briiish mniMifnrtUrer* Perhaji* this i* true 
statesmaiinlilp from nn English point of view, 
hut it is the kind of Matesmansiiip which not 
a few think has done more tn dciacli Canada 
from Great Britain than if preclsaiy iIm- op|io> 
site policy hnd tss-n pursaed. Certainly It has 
driven from ('nnnda into Ihe I'liltisl Simra 
most nf her young mid enterprising people. 
At h-nst n millirn Cnnndinn* have left tlie 
li«-«i country iitvlcr tlie sun fora neighboring 
nation, nnd in laoporti'in tn the numlier that 
ha* remained Canailn tin* contributed a larger 
proportion of her population to the progrem 
of live United Stale* than any other country. 
Ireland evia-pred Sir John’s policy bus re- 
Mr n'li'd tlir- earning power of the Canadian 
farmer nod preslucer; it ha* paralyzed tlie 
shipping tnule; it ha* retanfed tlie ’develop- 
meat of great luiumil resourec*. and except 
for llic tx-nr-ti t of n few classes highly protect- 
ed. it has neither been a financial nor 11 politi- 
cal success. Tlw cost to Calisdn is bc-4 j udged 
by the comparison lliat while the nresent In- 
ilclileilniKi in like United Stale* niter a most 
disastrous war i* only $15 per brad, the pre- 
M-nl iii'b -blrdnrna in Citnailu. with only par- 
tial licvrlopmeiil and no exlrnardinary r»- 
(amity, is $50 a head Tliere i* tvo (H>s*iiiility 
of iIm- diminution of thi« latter, while that o’f 
tlw U nited Slate* promt<ce to become yearly 
k'«*. 

The ]wrwinallty In tlie career of Sir John 
Mnerionald has fai more altracilon than Ihe 
policy he pureued. Few men in all tlw w idc 
worhl ha* won popularity *0 great, nod in 
qualltle* of mind and heart none more rich 
ly deserve it From tlie day, os u youth, he 
micred nn Orange lodge, and through lliat 
Infliniice iH-ramc a member of the Common 
Council of the then little town of Kingston. 
Ontario, fifty five year* ago. until Id* dying 
I tour, hr wa* nn active politician, lie was 
elected to Parliament before he was twenty 
five, and boner ha* hnd nn active political 
life for over half a century. Throughout 
that long period. and especially In the lust 
thirty vent*. Id* iiuprera hn* been felt upon 
lire allairs of the greater half of Ihe conti- 
nent to tl><- north more than that nf nny oilier 
mall. If tlie grratncM nf meil Is to be esti 
mated hy llic extent of tlw impress they make 
upon their own romniunlty nnd the measure 
of influence they cxerriae. Sir John rk'hly 
detorm tn I*- i-allod a great man. Nn 
stntrsmrn ever had a task more difllcnlt than 
bi maintain harmony in the divergent rle 
merits that compihc'ihe Canadiun tieoplc. 

No better testimony in this iM-hnlf »« 
needed than thnt tlH-re I* not a mi-mlar of 
hi* party Imt regard* hi* lo*« a* that of a 
wann |MT-ia>aI friend, while those who dif 
fend in policy from him rccnll his genial 
courtesy. hi* unfailing humor, nnd tlw t in-lrsc 
IndiiHiry ami energy that enabled him to 
raise ( 'ruin' la, notwitlkMa ruling hcrdcpenilent 
ciMidltlon. to a position of comparative inde- 
pendence. self-reliance, nnd m-ll. government, 
which on this continent i* of the grade*! im- 
portance not only in tire future- of the two 
co'intii'd that logi'lhef hohl it in mmiuott. 
lull lljain (lie future of Great Britain itself, 
and lire prrpel nation of her mi.iiarcldval iutlk 
tut loti* at home and n brand. 


JTNE 13.1S91. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


451 



REGATTA WEEK. HO CALI.RD Bln* ICII iln.VM 
einhnreing tire xpring hik ing in New York 
H*\) it at hand, ail four »f the prominent 
New York jnditclnln holding tlreir annual 
rcgatlaR In-tween Tnwrlny lire Ittlli and Turn- 
day tire 23 n 1 lints.. while il*e Larclimnnl 
Yielil club, (lie lending Hub on the SnUDii. 
held iu regutU on Saturday Inst, and will 
have nn ex>m nut on lire F- Mirth. Tin- sen- 
son opened on IWoralion Day with tbe Al- 
lunlii: Club's annual fixture. w hleh. not nn 
bracing any riming, mid none of the new tf’i 
being out for inspection. was. while uti en- 
joyable occasion. of m> special import. 

Tbo regnttiu of next work In-gin wilb the 
Atlnntic ion tbe lflib). Tbelr programme 
shows ilmt for tliiu year nt least tire Hub will 
adhere loan I. w. I chusificulinn. They have 
provided fur dames of schooner*-. un- 
*T TO. TO to 90. nod over BO feel. For 
sloops, cutlers, luid yaw In tlmy make nine 
H.iMHw. rnnging fn>m "25 feet ami tinder" 

I for clu-w nine) to "over TO feet'* (for Ham 
one), wliili* tlmy nlso provide a tenth and nn 
eleventh clam for open sloo|» ami cahboala 
respectively. With a view to tlie lateral of 
spectators, the Mart for all Hawes is to be 
from their club-house at Bay liidg*. the (hi 
l«li. -however. •bclu.g' at Buoy ft. formerly 15, 
on tbe west bank. 

It wti.l nr tSTKRKsnxu to see, in connec- 
tion nilb this regatta, us well ns Hie other* 
of lire week, wbctlier last year's jwnciiy of 
wliiwinert in ynebt racing is lo continue. 
However much one might hope for a revi- 
val of interest in schooner- racing, it is in la* 
feared that, except fur cruising ami hmidintp 
matches, the solumm-c is a tiling of the past. 

Of the "singli-Mlckere.'' TilanMt Mill ly- 
ing at City Islund. with the stump of her 
broken tualnmwu ye* in place. Katrina and 
tihamrock, however, may supply a mulch; 
while Anaconda will doubthae start In Imr 
cla**. Clara teems not lo la* racing this 
yenr. Of lire new 46'*. ,Vr ntilm. Jfiiwefii, 
and Jmita will doulMlem Mart, and OUmana 
way lie hoped for. while Uri ns b a pnasilality, 

If slut si kiu hi come on from Newport, kIhi 
would make an Intemting rnc* for any com- 
petitor in this Hum, in spile of her conceding 
three feet of length. 

Tub scow neolrcted 40'h will have Clk 
pa, probably Mr, Belmont'* Mariipiita, and 
possibly Jfawifin, Tomaluittk, and Choc*' it*. 
though the last-nnmed Is very doubtful. Tim 
smellier clnssr* will doubtless be wclf repre 
m uted, as amalt boat sailing lias increased. 
In dans niDC (2.1 feet ami under). Matnei/u, 
.N'viujfjilcT.iuHl of Mesnra. Wdaon, 

Boury. Mini Jennings respectively, will make 
n start, and possibly a fourth "rater'' will 
come to tin? line. These boats will divide 
with the 4ft the interest of tbe occasion, 
they I icing tbe new " wiling length - boats, 
i <■., Units built to race under a ml ling length 
rub*: they arc the first of tbelr kind of do- 
mestic design and build. As they are nil 
from the designs of William Gardner, of this 
city, are nil within a few inches of each oth- 
er In tlreir dimensions, were all built lids 
spring, and purely for. racing purposes, drey 
should afford their nnneis and tbe public 
unlimited sport tbU scawm. Tbe three rnry 
1 roui 24.0 to. 25 feet water line: from 5.8 to 
6 feci lasm . from 5 to 5.3 feel draft, and 
from 30 in 33 feet over all. and am cash ex- 
pected to figure within a hair s-hreudlb of 25 
fret sailing length. If they. prove a success, 
then I venture to predict that " sailing 
length." ns a rule or clasoificaiioa in this 
c ountry, bun come to stay. 

The New York Yacht Cun's regatta la 
act for Thursday tlw 15th. and tbe boat* hav- 
ing bad oue day's racing (with the Atlantic 
tin Tuesday) to gut thing* shaken down into 
place, there i* little doubt liut that, when one 
l Itlu-s ahu Into considenuion the pmtige of 
tlsl>s Hull, Its regal iii this year will be n suc- 
(-r-sisful event. Tie? Hoop chuae*. at any 
rate, promise to be large. Tito cruiser this 
year is rightfully receiving u considerable 
amount of attention, and especial prizes 
will lie given yachts in cruising trim in each 
class that musters enough brut* to make a 
content. The greatest event of the New York 
Yacht Club's senium, however, la the annual 
cruise. which begin* August 3d. The change 
<.f the rendezvous front New London lo Glen 
Cove, lying Island, has greatly pleased nn* 
only all tin; yachtsmen of the club, hut Ibeir 
friends as well, who will have this year the 
fltf t opportunity of witnessing one of Un: 
|irettu-st sights of the season— tlt« gathering 
or the Heel. The linrtior during !*nliih!ny 
it ud .Sunday, August 1st and 2d. while the 
y adits are coming In, will be a sight worth 
setting. 

Whrx the it.eet weighs anchor for Hunt- 
i ngt on Boy. it is pretty safe to say the club's 
*1 comer will he taxed to ila utmost. What 
the movements of the yacht* will lie after bov- 
ine Huntington t* not to be definitely known 
until llie captains meet on the morning of 
August 3d New fmodon h very likely, 
ho never, to la* at least one objective point on 
tlx* way to Newport, where llie fleet is duo 
August Tlh. for the Goelet Cup ran-*. 

What bus l*en said aimer in relation to 
prubuhle scatters and clnsat-s lu the Atlantic . 


applies to a great extent to the New York, 
except that thn club uefclort* the smaller 
boats i as being unwortbv of it* attention). 
Its smallest regular clam being 49 feet l. w. 1, 
ami under. ?v Nicholson Kane, chairman of 
the club Regalia Committee, will base the 
n-spoiislblliiics of the nice upon hi* shoul- 
ders. 

SaTCHPAT the 20rn has boon rhoaen hy 
the heaWiinlMlm Club for its regatta, or, us 
stnhvl in their pmgmmme, tbelr •' Animal 
Corintliiun Race." Under the regulations 
governing it. to wit, 'All yiirhts to mill in 
cruising trim," they will have classes as fol- 
lows: Schooner* — u 90 font class only. 

Sloops, cutter*, and yawl* — 70-foot: 40- font ; 
40 f.K.l ; 35-foot ; and W)-fool rUsses. Also a 
*|>eclai elnaa fur the 25 foot " snilirig-length " 
Ikjwi* s|>okrn of above. The Scnwanimka 
Club ha* made earneal endeavors, by canvas- 
sing the acbooMt-ownera among luombcn 
early in the year, lo revive an interest in 
sebiKioer* racing; that they should have a race 
for but one r bin* of sclioortors would Indlcnu.' 

• hat they bad found vcryliltle cncuumgi-ment 
in tlmt direction, It may I* Imped, however, 
from their having included ibis one class of 
fclworwre, tlrat they have receirtsl ataurancea 
of some siarta rs in tliat class Coming a few 
dny* biter as it dues, possibly niuny of the 
new boats will bare time to complete their 
trials, get " tuned up." and enter in Ibeir race, 
in which event we may look for perhaps four 
competitor* in curb of tlm three prominent 
clasacs— the 411'*. 40 *. anil 25 "siiiilng. length " 
classes. Additional interest will lie given the 
race* by the contest in llie 4fl-fmit Hass for 
the Lelaod Challenge Cup. open only to mem 
hers of the club. This cup I* To be held sub- 
ject to challenge during the Henson iu tbe 
claw in which tt i* first won each year, the 
winner of three successive race* in the same 
sisunn being rtntltled fo flolll'lrfW’lb# re- 
mainder of tlmi season not subject to chal- 
lengu. The race will la- In cltam-of -tbe 
Ihieing (‘ummiticc, consisting of Mr. IV niter 
0. Kerr, chairman, ami ili-iora. .Howland. 

, llaioea, I’lummcr, and Warvl, 

The CoRntTniA.y Yacht Cum will bold 
its annual regalia (tbe lost of tbe four Urge 
club regattas at the spring nenwml on Mon- 
day the 22d As usual, nil hoals will be class- 
ed »iy sailing length, t'. t. (corn-cled measurv- 
mctui, arrived iu by tbo ordinary formula of 
— the measurement for sail area 

being taken under a rule uniform with that 
of the New York. Allan lie. MnnMchusetta, 
and Eastern yarht dubs. The Seuwanlxaka 
rule differs only in one comparatively imma- 
terial detail, vir. , for the forward point of 
mL-nsim-menl or the base line, the Scawnn- 
Inkii tnaatura to tlxi centre of the tack crin- 
gle of the flying- jib, while the Corinthian and 
the other club* menUoaed measure to a point 
midway between tbe jilsatay and flying jib- 
stny on tl>c bowsprit or jib boom. The S«-ii- 
wanhak* nib*, hy-thc-way . tJtoukl hcehnnged, 
for the mke of uniformity. 

Tbe CLY.C.'a prizes "will l» their well- 
known pewter nnig*,. suitably in<rrilml — one 
for each winning boat, and one for each ama- 
teur on any winning crew. The yachts will 
t<e cia*«-d (ncconJiug lo tailing ratlnu) m fol- 
lows: First class — Schnonem measuring over 
90 feet, anil not over 110 feet. Second closa 
— Cutlers awl do-ip* measuring over 60 fed. 
and not over 60. feet. Third daut— -Cullers 
and mI<m.|v* uw-a-iirlug over 40 feet, and not 
over 50 feet. Fourth das* — Cutters ansi 
' sloop* measuring over 30 feet, and not over 
40 feet. Fifth class — C'uttsra and sloops 
measuring over 25 feet, and not over 30 feet. 
Sixth eln**— Cutters and stoopa measuring 
over 20 fc-t-t. and not over 25 feet- Seventh 
daw— Cabin cut boat* measuring over 30 fee-t, 
ami not over 40 feet. Eighth Haas— Cabin 
cat- boat* measuring over 29 feet, and not over 
30 feet. Nlutli do**— Cabin cat-boats mea- 
suring over 80 feet, and not over 25 feet 
Truth daw— Open boats not exceeding 23 
feet. 

The coVRMM wttt. it* live same ns last 
year, starting at Buoy No. 11 (formerly 15), 
to wit : For tlte larger domes, round the light- 
ships, unrl for the various smaller ebuaes, 
rounding tlw Spit buoy and Hie buoy off 
Point Comfort respectively. There will be 
no restriction* in regard to sails or manner 
of Mttlog or working them, The craw* are 
limited to one man for each five feet of length 
on deck, exclusive of helmsman, while one 
man for each ten feet of water line length 
may lie a professional. Tbe helmsman in 
nil casus U to !><' an amateur In the smaller 
elnsuea no professionals are allowed. Tbe 
regntla will U>. as lx*. I year, tinder Uie man 
agetnent of tlx- Sailing Committee — Messrs, 
E II. Clarke, William H. Plummer. W. Gard- 
ner, and Charles Stewart I>avt*on. 

Bt SOME cnuoca INADTKRTT.XfX, Or pos- 
sibly merely from a drain* to get them over 
enriy in the month, the Atlantic. New York, 
ami 8aawaulmka regatta* will bo hdd ttmlcr 
comparatively inauspicious circumstances 
so far ** tides are concerned, high- water at 
Sandy Hook being on the Ittlb nt 8.21 r.M., 
on tbe llftli at 4.39 P M., and on the 20lk at 
6 90 p M. (at OoVeinor* Inlarxl abi-ut twenty 
minutes later racli day|. from which it would 
follow that In the Atlnntic'* race ike yachts 
will have lo meet the Horn! all the way out. 
and - the ebb all -the way home. Tin- New 
York rare will la; but little ItHlsr in llii* 

. respect: and the Seawaubuka nut very much 


better than the New York. The Corinthi- 
an* seem to Im> the most fortunate this yeur, 
Mince for their race latlh the flood and ebb will 
nerve on tlxi out ward nud home pinions of 
the course respectively, low-water on the 
23d. their day, living at 1.30. and high water 


Ox Titeomt the 23 i> tlx; Atlantic Yacht 

(T ub holds a special rare for the 4ft fool and the 
35 font clRwe* of " single Klickeni," and also 
for llie 2-Vf<"it " time allowano; rating Has* " 
(US they cull it), n most cumberaotne phrase 
meaning "Mtiling length." In each of the 
three classca tnreinl prizes, prcaenlal by Vice- 
C'omioodore David Banks, IV. IV. Kenyon, 
ami Commodore N l> i^. w|nn respectively, 
are offered, and ihcse la-iug strictly s^ieukiug 
races fur the ** fighting classes." the Mart and 
finish for each Haas are to be below the Nar- 
row*. 

Yachtsmen are promised on the 2d of 
July a special mem of tbe fn-awanhak* Club 
for 46 footer* and the 25 fool •• sailing hmglb” 
ls-iats at Oyster Bay, which is to be tlx; future 
home of the club (it was its birthplace;, nml 
wiicrc by next year the com mod km* and at- 
tmclive club house, for which plana have been 
prepared, will be undoubtedly au existent 

On the kcceedino pat* of July, ns no- 
ted above, the Lnrcbmont Yacht Club holds 
its Bp-cial meet also for the 46-footeit and 85 
■' niters, ' and nn July 11th, a* I ani unofR- 
dally lu formed, the New York Yacht Club 
purpaar* liolding a siacird race (a. a weep- 
»tak«| for the 48 * in New York Bay. From 
then until the 3d of August, the dale of (he 
New York Yacht (Tubs ntndfSVOiH at Cold 
Spring Harbor for their annual cruise, tliero 
will lie a temporary lull in raring in llw-c 
water*. • The New York <Tub. by tbu-wny, 
hops in grt soiuctliing like a fair represents- 
. liou of the Boalon Imuia In their swccpslakys 
on July lltb. It is greatly to lie regretted 
. that our " Down East" brethren do not “come 
di rough tlic gnu- ' more frequently than they 
do. . To LarelimonL they will occasionally 
come, and If Uiey could w Induced to confe 
farther, we should la- the gainer* in Cv<-ry 
respect, except paslbly thul of prizex. for 
their hoals an- njit to Iw «• well built, rigjwvl, 
nod handled, nut lo mention n c-crtain design- 
er tlxty keep in mem tlxire In Biwtoo, Unit 
on any such incursion they would bnrdly re- 
turn wltliout more titan a fair sliare of ]mzeo. 

Last week thib con . ms expreaied re 
gret that the Santilnt ami Alharak aliould 
l»c miming from tire entries of the (ltd 
•' Sweep ' of the C- Y C. at Newport lii Au- 
gust. 1 nnwTearu that 'noth boats have made 
post cntileK. ihu- iuMiilng a mutt Interesting 
nice. With every one of the ten racing 
boat* entered, and live prominent designers 
represented, the rare will U- worth wring. 
That no New-Yorkera should have green 
Cary, Smith, or Gardaer order* lu Uds class 
this year cau only lai forgiven if among next 
years boot* wu find this omiaalou aupplietL 

The polo sbabok. which opened on Mon- 
day at Meadow Brook, will undoubtedly. 
In point of eilUies and quality of play, ex- 
cel any previou* year. Today (Weilnradiiyj 
lire Hockaway first team will play lire win- 
ncr* of Monday; Thursday tire Eaau County 
Country (Tub and tlx; Meadow Brook Club 
team* will conic together; and on Saturday 
the winners of tho previous days will meet 
for the llnals in llie Hempstead Handicap 
Cup*- 1'be date*, cup*, handicap*, eic., have 
already been published in this column, nud 
it only remaiu* now lo give the final draw- 
ing*. 

At tbe Country Club of Wralchrater: 

TIER BERT TROPHIES 

June 16th. 5 r m. — Morris County Country 
Club ognlust FbiladHphin Country Club 

June 10th. 3 r.M — Hockaway Club, second 
team, against Kwx County Country Club 

Same day, 5 P.M. — Hocknwar (Tub. first 
team, against Country Club of Weetebeaier. 

June 18lh. 3 P.M. — Meadow Brook Club 
against winner* *ccood event June IfiUi 

Sum* day, 5 P.M. — Winner* ou June 15th 
against winner* of first event du June 16th. 

June 20th, 4 r.M.— Finals between two 
whudug teams of June Ifith. 

Ttnam cent. 

June 17th, 2 p.m.— J. S. Stevens and part- 
ner. Rockawoy ChuK against II, C. Oroomc 
and II. I*. McKean. PbUndelpliin Club. 

Same day, 8 p.m.— Morris County Club 
pair against T. H P. Farr and J. Dal kit, 
Jun., Esm-x County Country Club- 

Same day. 4 p.m — C. Bates and Marion 
Story, Country Club of Wcalctwatar. against 
K. Fmncke and L. Turnure, Jun. 

Same day, 5 p.m.— J. C. Cooley ami It N. 
Potter against E. C- PotkT and partner. 

June llltb. 2 r m. — Finals between winning 
pair* nn June 17th 

Pull Be hetl ules will ho piibliahcsl later. 
There is some prospect, by the w av, tif soma 
French player* coming over shortly, though 
the- rumor U wry vogue. 

P t ' R T l I RIt I.IOIIT ON THE TTMINO of Lutlier 
Cary's wonderful 239-yard nin at the Inter 
csilleginte (^hampiunsliips. May ItOth. proves 
W. H. Hobertiou's watch to have l*<rn a 
fifth of a, second and not a quarter seo.ml 
register. ThJ« being the case, the Unre be 


returned, corrected, should he 31 J seconds in 
place of 21-J second*. It will lx- remenilxT- 
ud that of llie two remaining timer*. C. C. 
lluglira's watch regiMcretl 211 st-mnd* and 
C. A. Ucuil *, 21 j. Kubi-rtson ». it has sinew 
tm umpired, atojiped at betwex-n 211 and Slfl. 
ami his time w*b annnuDred as 21 J. It I* a 
Curious incident worth noting that though 
this same thing ha* occurred many time* Imj- 
fore if. e.. a quarter being nccuptcu, wlx-n the 
lianii stoppid between two ftfilisl.not before, 
in my recolIcclUm, has nil objection Io n 
rairevl. When Mr. Cary receive* a record. Ire 
will have the satisfaction of knowing it liaa 
In-eu enroed. There is no doubt, however, 
but that bucIi Bit objection is entirely f a i r .' 
ns n careful peruml of expert testimony on 
the subject will show. (Quarter - scx-niul* 
khtxihl not lx- announced from a fiftll-auooml 
wulch liny liti»re thuu fifths should lie iokl 
off on n quarter rewind register. It might not 
lx a bud liliii lu have bnlh fifth and quarter 
second wairlirs at meeting*, or, belter yet. In- 
troduce electrlcul timing. ' 

Lrrnp.it Cary ha* at east made the 
world's record • .f UJ M-ooud* f«ir the 100 yard*. 
On June 1st, at the Lawrcuceville Iprepuru- 
lory / school games, Ire rau tbe distance on 
n trark oue hut up hill twice ill 9] wronds; 
C’.J. WefiiJeil, J. S. Itisldy , nud Jnclt Me Mm 
u-r* tiiuiue ; mid on Saturday, at Princeton, 
he again run it in the sumo time. tlu> llnieis 
on tlii* . occasiou Ixlng C. C. Hughes. J. 
Frazer, S. D. Syr, and Jack McMnutcrs. 

Five TO J in Thincetox * favor, such is 
lire result of lire second game ill tbu Yalo- 
I’lii.ci-h.n i-tmniptMitihlp series, played on 
Saturday at Princeton. Both teams sbowe*i 
improved form over lliut exhibiled nt Ncwr 
Haven two weeks ago. espcciillly Yale, whose 
field lug was nbuut OH tiL-ur jierfcrt as could 
he. tMsc made a remarkable ruuntug cntcl. 
that Would km licv-n two runs for Prtucu- 
lon, and Calhoun wo* everywhere, hi* back- 
ing of McClung D-itig or a very high order. 
Poole put up a strong game behiud lbe lint, 
Uiatigfa be hud one piirecil Iwll.duo very likely 
to having hurt hi* finger* u few minute* I re- 
lore. Bower* pitched strong and Bteudv, 
giving In it one man his base on Irelh, and 
making cure w iki |*ttc4«. He likewise allowed 
oindderable {iiiprovcmrut in' watching the 
base*. McUluuit mMde one error, (rut play ed 
u good sharp gartre. Bliss filled third. Ik-nll 
short, nud Mucpby liplit field, and every one 
of them did w ell. 1 tie latter made a pretty 
sacrifice bit in the find iumug. For Prince- 
tun, ViMing and King did great Work, in far t, 
tbey'woii the game. Notw iUistiuiding Youiig 
. hmf a wild piK'li. and gave five urea luures on 
hull*, lie pitched u remarkable game, and 
kept Yah down to three singles; beside* 
which hi- covered first on one of Uie prettier l 
and mo»t difficult play* of the senxoo. King * 
base hit in the third inning brought in two 
run*, ami Hguiu iu the eighth his three bag 
get brought iu two more. Ham*dell * single 
nl this lime enabled King to reach home anil 
nuke tire score 5. Knickerbocker did liiic 
wortt at short, his fielding, a* well ua that of 
Durell and King, being exie]Miona|jy grxHl. 
Brokaw i* not putting up lire game behind 
tlie hut he did last year. He is too Jtstlcsx. 
though be made some Hire stops of Young's 
crecttbiutudly erratic delivery. There t» no 
excuse for hi* allowing men to steal secund 
ou him a* often ns they do. 

The kin xi. and deciding game iu tbe 
clianiptombip will he pluynt next Baturdav, 
on the MiuiliAlUfl Athletic Club's grounds. 
The quentiou Is » bu will win ill Where two 
nine* urcso evenly mut t ired , picking a wiuirer 
is a ta>k inde«l, especially iu a game like (kuni- 
bnll.w here an error is likely to upset all calcu- 
lations. The fielding of tbe teams Is about 
equal, each excels In our or two individual 
player*, but tbe average In even, though Yale 
bos Lire benefit of continiioua and vigorous 
coaching that keeps lire men always alert. 

If Yale could find Young readily. I should 
concede them lire game on Saturday, but 
Urey can t— id leant they have nut in the two 
game*. Ou the Mirer IiiumI. Princeton has 
been getting on to Bower** delivery, and ou 
Saturday caught him for eleven Lave hit*, 
while Yak made but three on Young Yale 
got first Ixue five time* or* ball*, auil hud 
three men left on Liases; Princeton got fiixl 
oDce oil halls, and li*d nine men left on 
btux'E Young struck out eight urea, and 
Bowen four, Boaldet, Yale got one of liei 
runs on Saturday by Dana inuking a had 
throw to Brokaw at the plate, MOVetking 
Uiat he very rarely doe*. All ihu looks very 
much aa tnoiigb Princeton would win the 
championship on Saturday by laittlng. It * 
no sure thing either way: both teams aro 
good uud very evenly matched. 

There i* vert l.rmjt change in the Yale 
And Harvard crews since niy llioruugli over 
h Hiking two week* ago. Yak U stead II v 
acquiring form, with the stain all rolth-Ii 
upon save how, which continues to rest lx- 
tween Mills. Crosby, and BalUci. Tire 11 ret 
i* now rowing, and U likely to remain there 
unless wimelhing happens to hint. Bailit-l 
ha* his admirer* and is strong, Ixit his reach 
is too abort, aud he ha* lost tire seat cm Hint 
account. Tix- Harvard crew i« somewhat 
Improved since 1 Inst lookcsl it user, though 
there is much to he accomplidied yet. I Jr- 
CHHiunallr the men du semo very aniooib 
work. and again it Is heart-rending. The next 
few days will work a rmtsiih-nslik change in 
wx Casta k W. Wuitbkx. 


both cm 



452 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. I7». 





TllK remarkable suit for slander just rolled 
In London has turned out to be one of tbe 
fineat function* of tbe season. The court 
of Lord Chief Justice Coleridge was crowded 
every day with the smartest people in town, 
find the good ok) Hnxon fondue** for hunt- 
ing anmrtJiing wn* fed by tbe fun of the chose 
after a baronet'* good nurae. 

Ami tbi* U the queer thing about tbe case, 
that the plaintiff in law i* the defendant 
iu morals. Sir William Gordon Cumming 
bring* *uit for dander against a number of 
person* who have charged him with cheating 
at card*. But erery body *cc* that lie Mm 
aelf ia really on triu). and. taking nil things 
together, it is difficult for the plaintiff to as 
•mne nnd maintain a dignified attituiiu of 
injured Innocence. Tho British mind does 
not readily grasp the idea of a aentlcman ac- 
cused of cheating at cards " taklug the law " 
against hi* accuser. The more popular pro- 
cedure Involves the iusUinl punching of the 
•censor'* bead if die accused be innocent. 
But in this cat* tbe accused couldn't well lie 
expected to take such a lilirrly with the head 
of tbe Prince of Wale*, who’ played timtua 
on this occasion, nor the beads of several 
ladle* who nbn liore wiluesa against him. 

This was the way of h all. as has boon 
made familiar by the elaborate report* in the 
dally newspaper* : Iu the early days of last 

f September a parly of more or Icm distin- 
ulshed people w ere gut lu red at Trull by 
Iroft, tbe country bouse wherein Mr. anil 
Mrs. Arthur Wilson were bust and hostess. 
On the night of September Sib the Prince 
of Walea happened la lie acting a* hanker, 
and dealt the cards. During the play somo 
of the men of tbe party »nw what they be 
lieved to be cheating by Sir William. 

The counter* used at Tranby Croft were 
made of soft leather nud belonged to the 
Prince of Wak-«, nnd the table liad a cloth 
top. Mr Arthur Wilson. In whine house the 
game wo* in progrv-sa, say* that Sir William 
Gordon Cunitniug pushed out a counter on 
tli« table for hi* stake, and kept other coun- 
ter* in his palm, resting hi* arm* on tbe 
table. After all tlie hands were dec lured, if 
hi* hand were lens Ilian the hanker*, he did 
nothing, If hi* luunl were lintrr than the 
banker’*, or than the liuud* of his neighbors, 
which fact he determined by the simple pro- 
em* of looking at them, be dropped number 


would first assail. Finally Sir William 
brought suit for slander against all the per- 
sons who had signed tbe agreement, being 
•Med and abetted in tbi* procedure by hi* 
brother in-law. Lord Middleton. 

Some of the evidence girrn in court I* dis- 
tinctly instructive, also, a* teaching the prop- 
er function* of a host and hosts**. A man 
wa* believed to hare lice a caught cheating at 
cards while he was agues* in acountry house. 
The host did not go to bim and nay: " Look 
here! you lure been seen to cheat at card*, 
and you can't stay here. Pack up your 
thing*, and he off lo-morruw morning. Say 
you are 111. 8«y anything— but go.” In- 
stead, Mr. Arthur Wilson set up a private 
detective agency in III* house, anil mode his 
men guest*, and hi* own wife, awl the wivea 
of his friends, do police duty, nnd watrh ao- 
other guest. And in hi* own bouse he de- 
liberately set a trap for a man with whom 
he still kept up appearance* of friendship, 
and whom be sheltered under hi* roof, and 
who taslrd hi* suit. Which is ulso curious 
and instructive ns to tlte will and the way 
of an Englishman in his castle. 

But The Juryman is dw II nest figure of 
tlw-m all. Not tbe commonplace foreman, 
but Tbe Juryman who stood up on his hind 
leg* in Use box, and asked the Prince ques- 
tions all alone. Nonconformist persons nnd 
others of a straitlaced habit in England may 
lament tbe sporting tendency of their future 
sovereign, and *ay that the throne is rocking 
to it* fall, but there are no boles in the Brit- 
ish Constitution *o long ** the Prince obey* 
a legal summons just like any common man. 
ami while a humble tradesman from Cam- 
berwell. clothed with the mighty heritage 
from the late King John, can bullyrag a 
Prince, air, and ask bim what be really 
thinks now, aud no nonscooc about it The 
speculative mind would fain follow The 
Juryman to Camberwell when bo rejoins Ills 
wife and Italic* behind tbe green grocery, 
and mark his proud mien and her dumb 
reverence when be *uys : '• Moriar. I've spoke 
to 'im, I 'uve. I arvited 'itn two questions, 
and u ud to answer.'' It is reported, and it 
i* good to hear, that tbe other Jurymen regard 
tbe Man from Camberwell fearfully, a* one 
who has seen a vision and had speech with a 
god. aud that they wait until he posse* first 
through the door into the court. 

It L also entertaining to note the enthus- 
iasm und perseverance of the persons of rank 
who crowd the court at each day'* 1 tearing. 
Not one of 'em, a* Mr. Baffin would have dis- 
cerned, hut is In the fashion, and a tip-topper 
at that. And they bring their luncheons, 
these tip-toppers, and eke tbelr pocket flask* 
and napkin*; and they have a good com- 
fortable time refreshing tbelr bodies and re- 
newing the spirit of their mind*. Tbe reign- 
ing beauty of England, Lady Brooke, Is there, 
and Lady Esbcr and tl>e Countess of Yar- 
mouth aud I July Coleridge; and them) tip- 
t uppers have sent* on the bench beside the 
Lord Chief Justice of England, and it Is a* 
fine an occasion as nny in all the year, and 
they enu watch the face of tho man who is 
plaintiff in law through their lorgnette* and 
see how he stands it. Just as tho noble gen- 
tlemen Ufcd to go to Tyburn to *re a man 
hanged. The practice of bull balling went 
out with Charles II., Imt its spirit seem* to 
livc. 

Therc is one story which nobody hns told 
ns yet, and that U lue story of how the nut- 
ter Hr si leaked out. and who told the tab, 
Many will believe that if there had been 
no women witnesses to the cheating at 
Tranby Croft, tlie Mory would not bare got 
out. But nobody has said so far that any 


counter from his palm, and it fell noiselcasly 
upon the cloth. Thus hi* winning bantu 
always paid bim larger stakes, nnd his losing 
band* only lost him the uniformly small stake 
As told In court, Mr. Stanley Wilson, ton 
of Uio boat, was the first to see the unfair 


play, and again, according to concurrent tes- 
timony. ('ll mining was seen by all of them to 
cheat us on the night before. Inasmuch a* 
the party included royalty. It was decided 
that no public example could be made of 
the offender, but that the affair must 
he smothered. Cumining wn* charged 
with clMWtlng. which he indignantly 
denied. His denial was overmatched 
by the testimony of all the oilier* 
before the Prince of Wales, who was 
asked to art ns arlulcr. Cumming 
w** compelled to sign an agreement 
never to play card* for money again, 
a proceeding which amounted to a 
confession of guilt, He protested ve- 
Iwmently. hut they told him there 
was nothing else for him to do. They 
•old that for the Prince's sake the 
scandal must not he mode public, awl 
they, on tbelr part, promised to keep 
secret forever nil the doings nl Tranhy 
Croft on those two notable nights in 
September. And *o the mutual agree- 
ment wa* signed and sealed, and tbe 
I*rinec took charge of the paper, and 
the charming party broke up. 

Not until early'in January of this 
year did the story take air. \Ybnt one 
person didn't know, another guessed 
at, nod dub laud hissed with the loud 
whispering of it. And then the w bole 
tale was trumpeted, and everybudv 
looked Alternately at Cumuiing ana 
at the Prince, a* if they were two 
lumps of fltgar iu the ingenious Amer 
ir»n game of fly loo, and watched to 
see which the fly of public speech 



COLONEL Mil WILLIAM UOltDON-iTMMlMr. 


particular woman hated Sir William Gordon- 
Cumming so intensely that she broke her 
promise, and started the first whisper of the 
story. There i* no reason for supposing 
such a thing except the instinctive deferen<- 
wbich lend* all courteous persons to think 
first of tbe ludJes. But if there ever wu« a 
woman in the case, there is a womun iu this 
now celebmted caw. nnd some day, perhaps, 
some gossiping book of memoirs will tell 
this or the next generation who this wo- 
man is. 


THE TYRANT MACBETH 

Was laid not tnld by Mntdiff. Thusa tyrant* bll- 
toammr. rcasliixtlon, nnd dyspepsia *ra d«f.-«i.<i 
with do >reo terlalaty nod compteuwna liy IW 
teuer's Stonact 111 Item. Tbst couqasrue of dls- 
e**s nlto tpredlly orer w «» mnlr.ru. ihcaniatlMo, 
kidney »nd Madder trouble*, nsaaea, aud usrroqe- 

M<*J 


“TIIE CHICAGO SPECIAL.” 

NEW TRAIN TO THE WEST VU. PENNSYL- 
VANIA RAILROAD. 

In order to increase Iu present superb fa- 
cilities between New York and Chlciuro. the 
Pcnn»ylvania Railroad Company will, on 
Juno 7th. place in service mi additional fast 
express train between these points The 
new train will hr known as the "Chicago 
Special '" It will be composed of two Pull- 
man Vestibule Sleeping-Cars, one Com td ra- 
tion Smoking-Car, two Pennsylvania Hail 
road Standard Coaches, and a Diniug far. 
Tbe entire equipment will run through to 
Chicago, except the dining-car. which will 
lie dropped after »upprr at Altoona. Aooihtr 
dining car for the service of breakfast nnd 
dinner will, however, be nUacbcd to the train 
at Alllance. 

Tlic "Chicago Special" will leave New 
York every day at 4.00 P. 31.. Philadelphia 
• 25 P. M , and. slopping lit Ilnrrlhburg. Al- 
toona. Pittsburg, aud principal points on 
the Fori Wayne route, arrive in Chicago 
5.11V P. M. the next day. 

Tlie east-bound counterpart of this train 
will lie known an the "Keystone Express. ' 
It will leave Chicago via ’the Fort Way tic 
route at 10.45 A. M. every clay, and arrive in 
Philadelphia 11 35 A. M , and New York 2 
P. M. It will he equipped in every reejx-ct 
as the weal bound train, ami will carry a din- 
ing-car from Chicago to Alliance, and Al- 
tooua to New York. 

These trains will be equipped with the 
beet grade of new car*, they will nw on a 
fast schedule, ami tlie hour* of departure- 
and arrival at prominent centres roniimriri 
them at once to tbe favorable consideration 
of traveller*. — [Arfr.] 


MHR WINSLOW* HOOTHINO SVltl’l 1 
ba* beta u**d tie oier dfiy >«ur» by Minims 
miillirr* fur their children w til** leetbtnc.wltb [Ofrvl 
Mecca*. II »*ihn Die i bllil. *of'.i;ia tbe irsrna, *IU<* 
all pda.nir** wind nUk.wd m Ui* bcai leaned; U* 
dlsotws Bo.il by druuulau lu «t«ry iar( of lb« 
world. Ta*nty-flv* cent* ■ buul*.— J Jdr.J 


W a** toby wu Nek, w* r»rr her ( 
WbtO *lie t Child, «*w cricil fi 
\V lint ■!.« hmniii Ml**, ill, i rt Blie 
W bcu .be tad ClUUreu, abc **vc tb 


known w norxxitoi.n paxacra, 
“THE UKF.AT PAIN IIKI.IKVMI ’■ him 


DR LYON'S P Kit K KIT TOOTH I'OWDBII 
Wbl'.ru* the teeth aud purifies the bcoalb. Sec-(J<fr.) 


I'sia-Apria Rows')** —Tbe n»o*t lasting m»i, 
Ihurtfiev, uiiwt •e.UK.nilnd nt |ie>hiinw — (Ad*. ; 


T»» R*et Worm lywragiw lor ChlMnw are brown* 
Vmiiliuge CvtnfilM, Ac. a box l.tde.) 




A L OF- Civ 1 LI Z 

. ,> v-L> ... V 



454 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1800. 


Harpers Weekly. 

No. 1800. 

with cover, and BnuuiiT coOTAnmn 
AN ARTICLE ON " TIIK CITT nr TACOMA." with 
A IKKW!,K-rAliK ILLCATHaTION, AND AN INTER 
LATINO AUTICLK ON " TMK PAM* THKtTIIK 
LIBRE. " 

TERMS : |B CENTS A COPT.— 94 00 A TEAR, IN ABTAICK. 

may Siyi* nilk Any A W t i r 


MIDSUMMER POLITICS. 
ri>HE Charleston .Vries owd Courier, which rx- 
X presses probably the general Democratic senti- 
ment in the Southern 8tnles. Mya that "the next 
Presidential fight must be by the Democratic party 
and on the issue of tariff reform, or it will lie a losing 
fight for that party. ... If we make free silver the 
principal plank in our platform, we will lx? whipp'd 
in the fight, as we ought to be whipped." It holds, 
therefore, that Mr. CLEVELAND « the only Democrat 
who can lead the party to success. Meanwhile the 
growth of the Farmers' Alliance, and the feeling 
which ia manifested by the formation of the third 
party and by the Western political situation, confuse 
all political speculation and forecast. The real issues 
of campaigns are not determined by leaders or con- 
ventions. and all that is plainly visible now is the 
want of unity in both the old parly camps. If the 
sole question were that of the tariff, the situation 
would ho simple. But the financial question in 
other aspects interests a very large number of voters 
much more than the tnrilf At the West the cur- 
rency is an issue more interesting and important. 
Moreover, those who hold what in this part of the 
country are called sound views in regard to currency 
differ iu regard to a full supply of money, and shrewd 
and com|ietcnt olwservera discern a decided change of 
opinion in favor of a larger supply. 

That is to say, there are public questions of imme- 
diate and vital importance upon which the two great 
parties have taken no detinue |M>sitiou, yet which in- 
terest profoundly voters enough to decide the elec- 
tion. The fuel that neither party pronounces upon 
them strongly and aggressively shows how large is 
the rote which they influence, and which undoubt- 
edly grows constantly larger The fact must lie also 
considered that the tariff is not a question like sla- 
very. of a kind which pertniis no puust? in its agita- 
tion. The natural conservatism of business inclines 
to give a practical trial to every tentative change in 
a system which it is not proposed radically to abol- 
ish. As an issue in politics the tariff is a question of 
degree. The contest is not joined between free-trade 
and protection, but between higher and lower duties, 
The genera! principle upon which tlwy are laid is, 
indeed, involved. But to the public at Inrgn it is a 
problem of prices, and that admits and even invites 
observation and delay, which in n question of morals 
is inadmissible. It does not follow, therefore, al- 
though it may be probable, that because the tariff 
was the paramount interest in tbo electmn of l»iH, it 
will Is? w» under the changed conditions of 1892. It 
is impossible to anticipate the public sense of the rel- 
ative importnnre of other question*. 

The election of this year iu Ohio will undoulttedly 
throw much light on the probabilities of next year’s 
general contest. If Mr. McKinley should 1 m- nomi- 
nated by the Republicans and elected upon the plat- 
form of his own tariff, the result would go far to set- 
tle the main Republican issue of next year and the 
Democratic nomination of Mr. Cleveland for the 
Presidency. If it were evident that the issue was 
to he tariff reform, the Democratic refusal to nomi- 
nate Mr. CLEVELAND would lie a surrender in ad- 
vance. Ho long as Mr. Cleveland was available, 
to abandon hint would be tin* abandonment of the 
cause of which ho is the distinctive representative. 
Mr. MCKINLEY'S nomination and election as Gov- 
ernor of Ohio by u decided majority, upon the issue 
of which he is equally the Republican representative, 
ought to make him the Republican Presidential can 
didate. Mr. BlaINK’n health, wo presume, would be 
unequal to the rigors of a national campaign, and 
with the McKinley tariff os the platform its author 
would arouse a personal feeling which the President 
could not inspire. But if Mr. McKinley should lx? 
nom mated in Ohio and defeated, tariff revision would 
seem to die Democrats to lie the winning national 
issue, and again Mr. Ct.EVEl.AND would be the natural 
candidate of the Democratic party. 

ECONOMIC DISCUSSION. 

PRESIDENT Francis A. WaLKKK. of the Miikku- 
c-kiuselts Institute of Technology, delivered, last win 
ter, an address, which is just published, before the 
American Economic Asttnclatinn. of which he is also 
president, in which he expresses the views of a very 
competent observer upon the present ruqteet of econoin 
ic discussion. The interest in all economic questions, 


he thinks, has greatly increased within a few years, 
and a passion has been developed for the investigation 
of all social problems, stimulated by almost angry 
ini]inlir nee with the social situation, Tothisheatlnb- 
utes the extraordinary tn.-eeas of the pseudo-socialism 
known as nationalism, which seriously alarms ninny 
intelligent persona. But Mr. Walker finds no cause 
for alarm. The phenomenon is the result of a sud- 
den i merest iu industrial subjects by intelligent per- 
son* who, however, have more real than knowledge 
Bui their intelligence is the guarantee of their ulti- 
mate soundness of view as they come to understand 
ecnnuiiiic laws. Political economy has suffered, espe- 
cially in the United Stales, from public indifference, 
The experts hare had it all tlrair own way, because 
there were few competent critics. But the awaken- 
ing interest is making every man and every woman 
an economist, and no questions now take precedence 
of economical questions, 

Mr. Walker thinks liiauy of our leading econo- 
mists. if not the whole " orthodox ’’ body of them, 
largely responiuble for wild social speculation, be- 
cause of their unwillingness to deal directly with 
human nature, and to admit any modification of tlte 
doctrine of laimeg faire, or extreme individualism. 
Another reason for such speculation he finds in the 
optimism naturally bred by the marvellous extension 
of inventions, and by the growth of ]x>pttlnr education 
and the political franchise. Ho much has been done, 
and so rapidly, for amelioration of the human condi- 
tion, why cannot everything soon he done I A third 
reason for nationalistic or socialistic speculation 
Mr. Walker finds in the overwhelming absorption 
in multiform humane activities. ami the consequent 
reaction front such nervous strain and excitement. 
To such tension the prospect of social and industrial 
irresponsibility is full of soothing repose. After a 
fair statement of the single- tax scheme. President 
Walker says that economists now apparently tend 
to the opinion that more economic rent might be 
brought into the public treasury without touching the 
principle of private ownership of land or violating 
that of compensation to private owners, while poli- 
ticians think such a course lmpele**, because of impa- 
tience of direct taxation. 

In regard to the currency, President Walker is of 
opinion that American economic thinking has been 
nowhere so loose os upon the questions of tin* “mon- 
ey function and the money-thing,” mistakenly insist- 
ing that inconvertible notes are not money at all, in- 
stead of bail money. It is liecause the professional 
analysis of the money function ha* been utterly dis- 
credited that the conservative force to restrain the 
natiou from excess upon the subject is almost wholly 
wanting. The remarks of the address upon the prob- 
lem of immigration state the case very strongly. 
The details of the methods of the steamship compa- 
niea in organizing and facilitating the coming of the 
least prosperous, thrifty, and desirable |MHiple in Eu- 
rojie are plainly described, “ We are now draining 
off great stagnant pools of population which no cur- 
rent of intellectual nr moral activity has stirred for 
ages. Thousands and hundreds of thousands of those 
who represent the very lowest stage of degradation to 
which human beings can In- reduced by hop eles sness, 
hunger, squalor, aud superstition are found among 
tlte new citizens whom the last decade ha* brought 
into the republic." In the opinion of Mr. Walker, 
who is a careful and accomplished student «»f the sub- 
ject, such elements cannot Is? assimilated by us for 
generations. He says truly that there is no more 
important question, and none to the full consideration 
of which the Ecnnnmic Association could more wisely 
address itself. The Fourth of July is at hand, and 
an immense body of the population of this city do 
not know what it commemorate*. But patriotic tra- 
ditions are on integral part of the sentiment of nation- 
ality. Free institutions ore not perpetuated by a 
large population, but by a people who com prebend 
them. The nddrests states trtnjx-ratoly. candidly, and 
with knowledge some of the most Important ques- 
tions which now confront the country, and shows 
how essentially the issues of politics have changed. 

A BAR SINISTER. 

The central figure of the baccarat trial was not the 
unhappy Colonel GoRl>ON-Cc>DI!NtL but the Prince 
of Wale*. Colonel Ci mminu’s position, indeed, was 
extraordinary. It was incredible that for a few pound* 
a gallant officer in the army, a member of clubs, and 
a man of what is railed in England the best social 
standing, should sacrifice his honor, nnd if not life 
itself, yet everything that mode life desirable to such 
a man. It was not easily conceivable. But it was 
the glimpse of the part played in the affair by the 
Prince of Wales which commanded universal atten- 
tion. Tin* man of mature age, who will l>e presently 
King of Euglniid, goes to a country house with the 
implements of a gambling game, insists upon gam- 
bling with a circle of young men against the ex- 
pressed wishes of his host, and although one of the 
party was plainly seen to cheat, the game went on 
because the Prince desired to play, and nobody dared 
to atop it; and when tin- cheating was exposed, tin? 
culprit signed what was practically a confession, 


upon the understanding that everything wo* to he 
hushed up. And all this lest sonic scandal should 
bofnU the Prinr-e of Wale* Hir BDYIID Clark. 
tin? counsel of Colonel Ccmkino, may have been very 
petulant, nnd unable to make head against n stream 
of fatal evidence. But the answer to his question a* 
to the ownership of the baccarat counters, and his 
declaration that if Colonel Ct’MVixn were dismissed 
frem the army the Prince of Wales could not re- 
main, shook the British monarchy 

After the facts were fully in evidence, and the 
Prince was revealed a* the chief of the precious circle 
at Tranby Croft, there was something exceedingly 
grotesque in the spectacle of his entrance into the 
court room, and the respectful rising to honor him 
of the entire assembly, and the deferential salutation 
to him of tire Lord Chief Justice of England. Mr 
SrLLiVAN’8 comic opera was outdone. Pinafore 
shows nothing more delightful than a possible scene 
representing the Prince hogging his baccarat count- 
ers after the signing of tin- agreement to hush up 
the cheating, then passing to the highest seat of Eng 
lish justice, graciously acknowledging the homage of 
his loyal lieges. If Englishmen umleratund how 
inch a spectacle strikes intelligent people elsewhere, 
and especially in this country, they will lie less dis- 
posed to comment upon the vulgarity of democratic 
manners It is not the Wiuom who are mpm- 
sible for this national shame. It is not democracy 
which is exposed by the late trial, nor is it merely 
tins or that individual. It is a condition of soiriety. 

The official position of the Prince, as we said lost 
week, is most trying. He is strictly a mere figure 
head But as an F.nglisliman, at least in his repre- 
sentative character, he might be supposed to have 
some pride in being n fitting figure head for a great 
nation. He might at least desire to win for himself 
the title which the Laureate applied to his father - 
’’ blameless." He might reeolve that if England 
made him the crowned head of the empire, lie would 
not make England ashamed. He might strengthen 
the system of which he is the nominal chief by an 
honorable and respectable life. It is hardly suppos 
able that if he had accurately comprehended the situ- 
ation in which lie stood he could have appeared every 
day in court. It will be said, of course, that a great 
fuss is made about a game of cards, which is a very 
usual incident, aud that it may la? the misfortune of 
any innocent player to he at table with a cheat. If 
that were all. there would be little to say. But a 
great deal is said, nnd much more is thought, because 
it is not all. The other day there was some absurd 
conduct re|>ortcd in the Illinois Legislature. It was 
discreditable, and the offending legislators may lie 
dismissed at the polls. But when your future King 
discredits himself and the. kingdom, ho cannot be dis- 
missed at the polls. 

THE SEALS PROTECTED. 

The President U sold to disapprove the project of aa in- 
voMlgalioa of tlte actual facis in regard to the scat fishery 
by s joint English mid Anieticnti cotnmitaton. liut be luiui.- 
ready in the most friendly manner to facilitate the dose 
season a* *ooa as Hie British law upon the subject should be 
passed. nnd it is not easy to uminrMiuid Ids uawllfingneM to 
co opcnile in the proposed inquiry. A statement of facts iu 
which lxith government* should agree would tie of the high- 
est srnrirc, and would certainly facilitate a satisfactory result 
of the arlritraiion. 

A letter in the 7 Yitk« slates ilust it wns on the 3d of April 
that Mr Blaine proponed to stop sealing on the islands this 
year If Lord SaI.isihuy would stop it iu the Bering Ns-a. 
and In- aim said at the same lime that lie preferred the pro- 
posal should be mode by Lord Salisim ry. Oh the lUh of 
April the preqwKul was made, accordingly, aud n-iu-bcd Mr 
Blaine on (lie 30th of April. Tbo permission for the North 
American Company to kill 80.000 seals waa mnde out oa the 
12th of April. There was certainly no remarkable delay oo 
Hr- part of the English government which should have en 
con raged the supposition tliat it might not agree to a close 
season. 

Haring reached the amicalde point of arbitration, there 
should lie no benlation nliaul a joint investigation. Both 
countries hare agreed that the whole question shall now In? 
adjusted in a frieudly spirit ami with full knowledge. This 
conclusion become* the two great English speaking powers, 
and llw- guod MUM of liolti ought to be ubk- always to com- 
pel such n settlement of every difference. 

SIR JOHN MACDONALD. 

The profound impression produced by the death of Sir 
John Macdonald. Hr- universal public mourning on lltednv 
of his funeral, aud the beginning of a general papulur sulv 
scription to erect a memorial of Ills grant services are unpre- 
cedented. We believe. In the annals of Canada, no Con ad inn 
has teen so distinguished and an mourned. Yet it is ngnrert. 
as was said In London, that he was not exactly a great man. 
although he did great tilings. Indeed, the general imprr*- 
sion of the statesman and his career is much like that of Hr- 
character ami enrrer <>f Lord Bhmonsfielp. whom lie was 
said strongly personally to resemble. It was that of a clever, 
shifty, unscrupulous politician. 

But in both men llw personal rlmrm to great. Fee'll tli*- 
audacity of DihHaKLI — his "cheek," of which FUCDE, bis 
latest biographer, give* Some amusing illustrations— was very 
plcasiug to many minds. It is it popular pliikmopliy of lif«.- 
Ihul a uian must not be sqneaUush iu a wicked world, hut 



JUNE 20, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


455 


m*kc prop)* Hike him at hit own valuation. To he upright 
i*. in till* view. In be goody-goody, ami strict bounty i* n 
Sunday school virtue. Both in Lonl Beacon* piklii ami 
Mr Jons Macdonald ibe ImmedlaiesuccMaofUretrcaNcn— 
■ succem achieved by adroit doubling — wn* very dnuJiug. 
but in both it wiw only a brilliant makeshift. 

Htairsmanidiip. wearetoM. i* conformity locircunmantx*. 
not to principles. It deal* with adjustment* ami compro- 
mise* Doubt It-** in thing* (hut ran be compromised. 
But Froupk admit* that nothing at which Iinnur.t.i aimed 
was achieved except hi* own renown. I* it not also felt, 
now that Bir Jon 1 b gone, that nothing will wirviva except 
lii* oameT n*- wa* trite to Uie empire. *uy» Lonl ShUintr. 
But a* he die*, i* it not the universal feeling that the imperial 
bond » more relax«l than ever? However that may be. it 
i* certain that 1 m; leave* no succcnsor. and that in Canada hi* 
name will long survive. 


MT8IC IN AMERICA. 

Tiix president of the National Conservatory of Music. 
Mrs Jeannette M. Tiit'MUKH. ha* procured it* nmionnl in- 
corporal ton. and ■» indefatigable in promoting it* interval*. 
Its objects are the advancement of music iu the United 
Mates through Ure development of American talent. The 
course of liretrtictinn, hmnkw playing upon all the more fa. 
miliar Irutrumcni*. include* singing, elocutlun, Mage de- 
porlment. fencing and Italian, harmony, counterpoint and 
cotnpnaitian, and history of music. Instruction i« given 
free to student* whose talent and circumstance* warrant It. 
Mucccmful cawlidatcs for admimion will Iiatc tire advantage 
of Uic lw*t instructors, and after graduation will have the 
opportunity of making known llreir arcomplislimenta in or- 
tier to secure engagements. 

The teachers are generally European*. as our mustc-tcncb- 
ers have liecn from lire beginning, and the school is mainly 
supported by the tilierai contributions of a few person* 
Such an institution must lie very scrvlrvwhli* to Americans 
who have a strung taste and laical fur music, and who are 
unable to cram the sea. lint of course a great talent run not 
content itself In a eouutry remote from that in which musi- 
cal art is a tradition, and where facilities of Instruction are 
offered under condition* that do not and cannot exist else- 
where. 

When .Tknxt Lon was already a prtwi* fan rut .uso/iito. 
and held -Sweden captive, she knew, wuh tlw. Instinct of a 
great artist, that much was yet wanting which Sweden could 
not give, and site went to Baris la lienr from the greatest liv- 
ing master of ringing thin she must begin ngnin. So no Arei-ri- 
can painter can feel that lie i* fully instructed until Iu. It a* 
*ccd the Louvre, tire Dresden Gallery, tuid ibe picture* of Italy 
nod Spain. But this surely is only a reason far tlw most 
diligent preliminary study nt home to train both hi* talent 
ami his judgment. It i* rrpially true of the student of mu- 
sic, and Mrs. TlCiank unwearied efforts deserve the grate- 
ful recognition of every lover of music. 


THE TERRIBLE OLD STORY. 

Haiti seem* doomed to factinnid fury and terror. For 
& century it lias been Ibe scene nf bloody revolution*, with a 
certain grotesque parody of dvilhtcd govi-nunrat. But iu 
sole contribution to history or to the general interest of man- 
kind is tb« character and career of Toe I mast i/OirvearritR. 
J Ini* commemorated ra* strikingly heroic figure in Miss Maii- 
TtXllAi:'* tale of The Hour tint! the ii«n, in Wexdell 
P aiLUM's glowing 'eulogy, and in Wordsworth's sonnet. 
Ilis death wo* one of the crimes of Napoleon. 

Hie latest incident in the unruU of the unhappy island Is 
but a repetition of iu bloody story. It might have occurred 
in 1791. for the intervening century seem* not to have 
wrought nny MMatitl change. A few monlh* since Presi- 
dent Lfiornue wa* defeat cl by General IIimn.Tr*. who 
made himself President and Dictator, and hn* rilled ever 
since. On the late feast of Corpus Cluiri he wna nttcnrling 
tiie religious ceremony nt tin. cathedral, when he was told of 
un insurrection amt an assault upon tins Jail to release politi- 
cal prisoners. Tire garrison at Port nil Prince was near lire 
cathedra), ami wa* despatched promptly by Hippolttk to 
quell the disturbance. A buttle in the streets followed, and 
the troops of HlfPOl.VTK carried tbo day. Then came tire 
old story of the French terror— n proclamation of Liberty. 
Equality, ami Fraternity accompanied by the most bloody 
butchery. If the reports are even partially true, nothing 
could Ire mote brutal amt moastmu*- A respectable mer- 
chant wu* Bitting on tbo Imfcony of hi* bouse, and having 
denied tire charge of HrrrotvTK that ire w*» concealing 
arms, lire Dictator raid, curtly to hi* anMiera. ‘Take him to 
the court-yard." and Ire wn* instantly shot. HU nephew U 
alleged to have been ovcriienrd by n spy to rail the crime bii 
assassination, and refusing to deny that lie raid it, tire Dicta- 
tor tui hi, simply, *' Shoot hint," and tire youth was instantly 
dragged out and killed. 

It is curious that we should maintain grave diplomatic re- 
lation* with such n hnrharou* parody of a republic, nod it is 
ihjI surprising dial Mr. FfcKfiKnicK Dotolah*. our minister, 
k* said to intend to resign his post and return. Ilis residence 
itt such n country must lie doubly painful to him a* a hid- 
eous caricature of free government and *« an apparent 
monument of the political incapacity of tire colored race 
Tropical republics nra but onme* Hun U no essential 
difference between the personal tyranny of a man who cnlU 
himself Emperor, like SocLnrqrE, and one who like lllFWV 
LTTR, calls himself President. Nothing could Ire more dif- 
ferent than the savage license of the tropic* ami the self- re- 
strained lilwrty <>f the temperate tone To the Island* of 
the Gulf of Mexico ami to Its shore* civilization xml the 
higher interests of the human race ore little indebted. Hit 
Polvtk will hold on with hi* Woody hand until anollrer 
h tud. Uoudiur tuid stronger, ovcttiiruws him. 


THE PROPOSED STATUE OF 
MRS. SCHUYLER. 

We have already *|»iken of the extraordinary movement, 
iigiunM the wislie* of the family of the late Mrs. Gkouok L. 
bcilCTUtn. to place n statue of her in the Chicago Exhibi- 
tion of lrtW. Mr PfllUF ScHCTLM. the representative of 
the family, nml on it* behnlf, nddicsvd a letter to Mr*. 
Thompson. tire president of the •• Worn on a Memorial Fund 
Asunciatiofl.' which bo handed to Mis* DoNIJtVY. the were- 
Ury, who declined to give Mrs THOMPSON'* address, asking 
that it should Ire delivered to Mr* Thompson. In n letter 
to the pm* Mr. BCSCTUNI rays. 

“ Tew iUy< hll* piwct, and -t* I bate nveived no reply or di- 
rect ack noitlfdjpacat of say kind firau Mr*. Tnoaren*. I now *1*11 
l*i mskv public the request of the family of tho late Mi* Gaoaoc 
L. Sew nr lx a (Maky Moral* ILmilmm) tint Ore unauthorised proj- 
i- t of erecting a -tilue «( her, snd of placing the sum* *i the 
Columbian Ki|*»lllon of I ®Wt, as projected by thi« ‘ tVomnn's 
Memorial FiidiI Aisocutiou.' tic abanilucMd ; and la view at the 
publirilr (hat has Ireeti given to this project throughout tha rnuu- 
iry, I sits It aMw-tn it » favor If you ■ill have my letter to Mrs 
Tnuams* published jo fulL I’mur Sciimax 

• Naw Tm.Aa> t, M*t." 

[Copy.] 

Watonwsoa 8at>a*a, Nrw Ton*. Mag 17, IBM. 

44 Jfu. MSaahtA 7lmpm, /V swdnii lloouta'r Jf«Mr(d /’ami 

.faiKMiwii : 

"Bkar M«ium, — I have heard for the fust lime yesterday of 
tin- proposal of juar a<*i*i»tiim to creel a llfe-alao *UiUre of lire 
iat* Mr. Grow L. ^rwrvLxa (Maxv Xmais Hskiltor), to l»s 
sent tit the World’* Fair, as representing (he'tipical philaaitliro- 
pi»t and that rotnmiUres are being fornvnl Uinsugluxil lire 
country, ansi money is being soficited to carry ant this project 

“ Had the family of Mr*. Sent rut. whom I represent, Ix-en 
eonmitlcd, *sr even hail tire tictcntioa of any owe of thi-m tret** 
drawn tu lire mailer, w* *IkmM certainly have ptuleMci at tire Ire- 
ginning acaiuM any such aw of her name in list* connection 

"Mi*. ScitfVLK*, tlmugli taking her share with others in the 
philanthropic work id her day. is in no ranre'tb* typknl pbilan 
tlimpial'; and to place her in «uch n position is to mute public 
ciilieisiu of a sort nliich liaa alreudv teen ninde in the prem. 

" In Irehilf of her family, wIm** tunllmeat on thi* subject i* 
ix.ntcjoil iu this letter. I respectfully request dial the project, so 
far a* *he Ls oonumnnl, I*- almniluocl. 

" 1 rstsall be obliged fur a prompt acknovUsigracal of this let- 
ter, and for us early a reply os may be pooritsie. 

“ Very Inly yours, I’vtitr Sraruil'' 

Thoae who knew the lntc Mr*. Schttleh are aware of tire 
entire tniUtfulDt-in of thi* statement. Like many other ad- 
mirable women of to-dny,ahe took "her sltarc with other* 14 
in the good work of charity. But she was not— like Mi*t 
Drx. for instance— ' the typical pfailanthroptU" which the 
proposer! stilt uc crintcni plates. It U to Ire hoped Uiat the 
pmn'witl aid the family of Mr*. Bciivymcr in making 
known their strong feeling upon the subject 


MIL QUAY AND MIL WAN A MAKER. 

It is certainly disagreeable tliat a Republican Senator 
from Pennsylvania. Matthew Qcat. and the Republican 
Postman ler-GcnemJ from Pcnnylnth, John Waxamakeh. 
•Itouhl Ire obliged to explain very curion* fnrU which «p 
paronily implicate them iu pecuniary irregularities. That 
Mr. Qi at has not exptaitved his action mtisfartnrily U evi- 
rlrnl not only from the fact llmt hi* statement in tlie .Senate 
made do impression u|»n tlw country, and w a» not even 
mctiliutied liy his party colh-ngtlM lit the Chamber, tmt by the 
plain ItqtHM af Repnbliaui pairetx that he would withdraw 
from Uic cliairnumidiip of Uie National Committee. 

Mr. Wanamakeh* position has been unfortunate from 
tlie moment of bis appointment. Ho wu wholly unknown 
to public political life, and Uic only reason known in the 
country for placing him in one of the great executive om«w 
a* an advisor of the President wn* that bo hud mitred an 
enormous mm of money, alleged to Ire four hundred thou- 
sand dollar*, which he paid over to Mr. Qcav, with no 
questions asked and no vouchers for expenditure, to pro- 
mote ibe election of President Hakrisox. The fact Hint 
Mr. Waxamakkn i» the superintendent of a Sunday school 
docH not explain such tnuisuctioDB. 

The account of lii* conueetinn wiUt the crooked Itaandal 
affair* recently exposad in Philadelphia u> conuliml in a 
drreument which he read to tho investigating committee. 
It is a complete denial of every rhorge, ami Ire represent* 
hi* conduct as perfectly fair throughout. There I*. how- 
ever, no trial pr- leoediug. There would be no dBposition 
whatever to associate tire Postmaster General's name with 
queHtioanlde transact inn* except for Uic extraordinary cir- 
cumstnnce-s which attended Ilk entry into the cabinet’ and 
certain lucidcntA in eonnoclion with Civil Service Comml« 
hIoikt Koobevki-t. But an admlni-trution an<l a party are 
neritMidy Unpuinxt even by lire suspicion of scandals. 

A UNIQUE EXHIBITION. 

An exceedingly iaterwtiug and unique exhibition hiut just 
Clo sed iu Boston, which. WO are glad In know, will Ire pre- 
sented to the attention of New - Yorkers in lire autumn. It 
went, indeed, from this neighborhood to Boston, for It I* 
lire property of the Department of Geography of tlie Brook- 
lyn Institute, and consist* of what we believe i* lire enm- 
pletcst collection in lire world of the various appliances 
now used Iu the lie»t geographical instruction, both in thi* 
country and ehewlrere. The United Hints* and nine coun- 
tries of Euro|ie are reprenentcrl in the collection, ami most 
of them by u great variety r.f their geographical publien 
ti rius and manufactures, tuid nlway* the trest 

Tire culleclion embraces 3hW maps, abaul -"rU gloties anil 
tellurian*, a* many relief maps and models, nearly ISO 
atlases, nod a large number of chart*, picture*, text-hook*, 
atxl guhk hooks. It i* in no reuse whatever an advertise- 
mem of nny [icraoD, lwu*c, or Interest. Tire copious caw 
logue, by its mention of innumerable author*, inventor*, 
and puldtdiera, gives to each one Uie credit to which lie 
obeerver ami student may tiiiuk him entitled. It ttdvcr 


ti»c* as n library mlvertisr*. or an exhibition of pictures. 
But tire Institute is not on advertising agency, and no vis- 
itor to the exhibition need apprehend that in any manner, 
however ingenious, be is lire victim of a false pretence 
The object of tire exhibition is Hint nf the liiMtltuti* its* If. 
namely, public instruction. Tire display, indeed, will lx- to 
the Urgrr part of the visitors a remarkable revelation of the 
mtilmdH and focilitie* by which geography I* now taught. 
Xeorsmrily, also, it invite* a comparison of tire oxcetfenre 
of American maps, globe*, and models whh European. For 
some reason, however. American publishers have responded 
to the invitation nf Uie Institute Is** fully than the Euro- 
pean. Later, when (lie exhibition is ojreiMsi here, we shall 
take great pleasure In alluding to it more in detail. 


PERSONAL. 

M. Jl'UAN, one of the most famnn»,if not the most fa- 
limn*, of the art tenelM-r* in Paris, him wvenU-eii stadias 
and some six lintidn-d men and n omen Ntildents. Hi* lirst 
student, iM-fnre he hod won fume, wa* a hiineliback, me I ho 
tbirik* that this tirought him luck. 

-It i* regarded by sender* as a ruibrrntiUieoraphisiie.il 
fact that Mrs. AXNIK Bkhant, who was on a steamer in mid* 
ocean when ModoiM BtAVATMT died, never liranl of th<> 
iinportniit event (ill she reached dry land, and hud rcconriM* 
to Um’ onlinary means of eoinmnnieitlion, Hireli an oppnr- 
liinity for astral projection or Mabntmic vindication, they 
seem to think, shonld not have U rn iir-glectesL 

— Tlie man who objects to long sermon* w ill sympathizo 
with a recent order of Emperor VVilijam re»trirtliig the 
length of discourse* prein lr, d by the Oennnu court chap- 
lain* to fifteen minutes. 

— It i* not generally known that nnr government ha* 
gone into the stuck - breeding burineM, although I'ticJo 
*• JgltltV " Rl Mfc'is anihitiniikiu viirion* direetioti* are nnder- 
atiMwi to lie limttesl by live despotic w Ire fence nf appropria- 
tion tuil.v. Now. however, lire Interior Department wishes 
to rstaldisli n station for raisiug reiinleer on St. Lawreoen 
Island, Iu the llenng Sea. mol t.'aptaiii A.('rkrtn,of Ma<li- 
viii, Wisconsin, is asked to take charge of it. It U hoped 
Mint the reindoer tuny •ranliially take the place of dog* m 
draw ing »h-dge«. 

— Tire mm ringe of Colnnrl MuN liiovirav, of (he British 
army, to Mi** PuxnoNnv, daughter of 8lr IIknuy Punhon- 
BV. in Loudon during the latter part of this month, will bn 
inode notable by tire |ire*rnrr of (Jiieeu YhtoIUA, who ha* 
not atiemlod a wedding outside of her family nine* the 
death of the Prince Consort. Her desire to show her re- 
gard for Sir IIknuy lend* her to depart from her usual com 
tom. 

— Hkniiy InvtNo’a two ran* w ill follow the example of 
their distinguished father, and go upon lire stage. 

— Tire tenderness of heart nf England’* Grand Old Mull 
wna shown the other day, when he ordered marble alone* to 
Ire placed over five little graves in the cemetery nt Wurerly, 
Ohio. They are to mark the resting -place* of five Ola ti- 
ffins R children, who » ere relatives of tire great cx-Premier, 
and were curried off by an epidemic of diphtheria ill irefc*. 

— Profreuior IV, K. ItltouKs, of John* Hopkins I 'nlversily, 
who has just published a monograph oil the oyster, protia- 
hly know* more alwiut thi* favorite liivalvo and its habit* 
than any one elm- in this country, lie ha* made a special 
study of hi* subject in iBe different States, and tins spent 
much time wading about in tire ClH-rajH-ake to form a morn 
intimate avqauhitance with tire aheli-lkh. 

— Kim* 1'KliilY, Jim., the Commencement orator of tho 
law class of fhe University of tire City of New York, i* tho 
sou of.a Brooklyn colored clergy mini of tlie name name. 

— Tlie young Chinese Emperor hn* just picked oat the 
second of the •even wives Celestial law allows him. Tire 
fact that she hiL* the smallest foot iu Pekin, where the cruel 
enstnm of I*dal-dwarftng is siqiposed to have n-nelnsl it* 
highent |s-rfection, i* inenlioneil as one of her rpiali Ileal irai* 
fur tire position she is to fill. 

Admiral WottDBS still show* the mark* of lire powder 
which a retiel shell blow into hi* fats- when, a* commander 
of the little “ ehee*e-l»x ” Monitor, Ire wna putting tliO 

Mtrriatac to flight. 

— Captain K. C. IIotlK, a well-known eentral African ex- 
plon-r, U v isiling thi* city. He travelled thousand* »f 
mile* hy canoe ami on foot in the heart of Africa, making 
valuable geographical diseoverir*, and in all his wander- 
ings never tiled n shot at the natives or received any injury 
from tlii-m. 

-\VA*HiN4;n»N I.t'MrKtN* and several other former slave* 
of Genera) James TaYLOR, of Ne«|rert, Kentneky, have just 
won a unit whieh they brought to recover land that wa* 
bequeathed to them by the wealthy General’* will when Ik» 
died III I'M". About fifty slave* were given their freedom 
ami tweuty-flve acres uf laud apiece by thi* w ill, hut noun 
of them seemed ui think of enforcing ns provision*, till four 
of them in 1 rt - ? hronghl lire suit which is now decided. 

Tire children of tire late JVfatrn I.i.ano*( Fannie Keats) 
lis-i- recently given to the British Moitcum a valuable col- 
lection of lettefa which their uncle, Joint Kkat*. wrote to 
their mother during tire yrar* from 1*17, when he won liv- 
ing in Oxford, to ll<W, w hen Ire left Ktiglainl for Italy. 

Mr. KtPtJNO, Seu,(lio ono *a«tn* to think it worth while 
to speak nf him except as the father nf the illuttriou* until, 
is an artist of some note, and lias trern decorating a ceiling 
for the Queen at ’Windsor. An English clergyman has just 
discovered that RrtiYAHU KiriJNo'sgranilfatliera were Imth 
Wesleyan ministers. 

— Pierre Loti, who ha* Ireen elected to tire French 
Academy, defeating tire Vlerantc de Hornier and M. Zola, 
i* a captain in tire French navy, amt hi* real name is Jr- 
UEX V tacit, lie is forty jour* old, and the tnatenals for 
hi* hook* have been gathered during extensive travel* ill 
Turkey, Japan, and other Eastern craintrie*. Ills Immiho 
iu Paris u richly fumtalred iu Oriental style, nml at his re- 
ceptions, which are assemblages of brilliant pi-uplc. tlie an- 
Urer, his wife, intimate friends, and uttnmlnuu ripi»ar in 
Eistcrn cosiunn-s Tho mimic. Iigltr*. and n.- fresh luei its *ro 
from the satire •ource, and tlie illusion in made *o rninplelo 
that it i* hard to believe that one is in Pari* and nut iu 
Morocco ra some utln r Oiivulal city. 




45G 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLLMX XXXV., NO. 1SC4 


Digitized by Googk 


TRANSPORTATION AND HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. COLUMBIAN FAIR-Drawn ■» Cuauuh Gkaimm rrom Accri-ted Pla»*-[8rm Paor 4AHJ 


JUHB 20, 1 891. 


HARPER S WEEKLY. 


457 


.Sfrak' 




I 

■ T «u a chill morning iato in Apiil. ond the land 

H about Bimkcrtown had n certain fnwty took which 

H comported well with live rigorous aspect of the 

H house* themselves. Tlic looting tree* sremed to 
fluff themselves like cold birds, and shred* of some 
budding maple floated in the air like stray snow- 
flakes. Dog wood blossom* overlaid their branches with 
a white fleece, and even tlie pink bowihorn* had a livid 
linl, a* if they were freezing. Scattered petals of a flow 
(•ring fruit iron made the stooo flags at the side of E**t 
House fresh enough for a bride's feet, though indeed brides 
were unheard of at fllukerlown. uud ibere was no ooe about 
to enjoy *he swwtneas of tbc morning except Sister Rose 
Trapp, who hud been sent lu sweep (lie walk. 

She was taking ber time to tbc task, her brown little 
hands set far apart on tbe painted handle of the square 
shouldered Shaker broom, which shepherded tbc flock of 
fleecy while flowers with so much needle** care that If 
Klderere Hannah bod chanced to be looking from her upper 
window on lire women'* side of the house, sire would no 
doubt bare reminded Sister Rose of the sin of wasting time, 

But Elderew Hannah hod other affair* iu band that morn- 
ing. aod Sister Rose was free to be as idle as her conscience 
would allow. Now and tben she stopped to put back the 
yellow silk siring* of her luuuel shaped straw bonnet, or lo 
straighten ibe edge of the stiff round capo which is part of a 
Shaker woman's garb. 

Whenever Ute wind stirred a protest in tiro lilnc hushes 
nioog Ibe fence, sbe gave a stealthy glance around her bon- 
net as if she bad surmised a footstep; and odcc, when a 
flight of small bint* made u sudden demii-nt on a stark brunch 
iuird tir. blowing about the twigs JVkc so tunny dork leaves, 
Sister Rose let go of the lwoom in rather a star) led fashion, 
clapping oac baud over a heart which bad undergone a 
throb not in any wny the outcome of the tear blags of Ann 
Sc*. 

••1 thought I beard some one coming." breathed Sister 
Row, a look of disappointment in ber fuoc, which was young 
utid pretty and full of bright color, the eyes os gray os clear 
water, with Indies altogether too long for a Shaken;**- As 
•he spoke, sbe glanced a little resentfully at a group of chil- 
dren playing In a corner of Ute garden. " I wish tliey would 
go away before HUler 'Liza Comes," she Considered. "Looks 
like there's always »omo one round to run and (ell eld'rm 
if you want ti> talk to nay one for n miimlc. Ob, I wish 
unprofitable discourse wasn't wicked! I wish it wasn't 
•gainst the rules!'' 

Suddenly she caught Iter lip in an expression of listening. 
A firm Quick step wns on the stones behind ber, as s woman 
whipped about the Ixiuae comer. 

“Sis' Rose I” she called, in an eager whisper; “aw. Sis' 
RoocT 

8he was a lean old creature, with n daifc falcon face and a 
voice like a croak; her eyes bud a bird-like vivacity, turd 
•ho moved after the manner of a robin, In a succession of 
swift forward sweeps and furtive pauses. 

•• JvM'rfcw - f any of Vtn at tho up windows?” site de- 
manded, laying on SUtcr Rose's sliouhicr • withered lured 
btnsrel with knuckles like bras* Muds. 

Tbo girl reviewed tho house’s greeo-cunalncd windows 
with a swift glance and shook her bead. " L’ck-ub," she 
reported, tiling the old woman with so Intern eye. "Ub, 
Slater 'Liza, Uuv you seen hiar litis moruing?" 

*• Je« for a word, a* he brought lu the milk.” said lire 
oilier. '• He set lire bucket* down, on' was on the go liekcty- 
KwiU'li. but 1 jewt says, ■ Look a- here, James Henry, 1 tu jour 
molber, sn‘ though Winker rules is aginst ownin' lie* of 
kinship au' sech, you got lo listen when I Uj out lu speak.' 
■ays 1.” 

” 'N' wbat did be sny?” 

" 1 Talk is on profit aide nn' a bar to spiritool good, .Sister 
'Liza,' savs lie, an' out be pul. Hut I hollered oxter him on' 
says, • SU' Reis* Trapp was askin' about you last niglit.' ” 

•• 'N‘ what did be *uy?” 

•• Jest turned no' looked nt mo like a stray dog ibet ’npl- 
chros p'isnn on n scrap you're offerin' him." 

Siater (tore Trapp * face flagged a little. " I don't reckon 
lie caret a single tiring about me." sbe muttered. " Sister 
Martov Unreal* was telling me l**l night ibet if anv one 
loves you, they can't heat enough about you; uud if James 
Henry wnu'l even litlni — " 

Sister ’ Lie* gave an I mjul lent grunt. "8b‘ Mart by dc — ** 


“Tlrer don't all aci tbe 
mnc, n Ktrid 'Lira, in u wily 
whisper, tier -h up face *t 
lire girl'a ear. “ Love's like 
whiskey, it 'fuels people 
different; rotso vita cheer- 
•? ful an’ talky. at.' sonm giu 
moody an' still; whims gits 
ibet peaceable, they go 
round claimin' friends v- idi every oac, 
an' others git quarrelsome enough u> take 
ttcaplioM in (i Or or folks livin'. 8w. you 
can't tell. Jaanre Henry's a pi on*- minded 
boy, an’ it take* biro aglust the 
flgtitx It like In 


* gram. 


But he 


know nothin ’bout men ! They ain't nil i 
Henry never was tin hand to cut*. Ho thinks l 
Rom. I've seen him watch you iu aim-tin', Hi 




* 1 . 0 ! 


I 

l 
! 

t _ 

" Do you think so— hottest?” Uuw's ton* wo* doubtful. 
**I never lived in the world, and 1 don't know how folk* net 
wtiea they do like you. '' 


u baity, jest would 
till be was nigh near strangled, 
bound to give in! He's got me au'you au' 
the hull everUatlu’ itulvcrae nginst him." 
Rose smiled dreamily not perfectly comprehending lid* 
exposition of punitive philosophy. " 1 think lots of Jams* 
Henry." she said, openly, "ever since you told me he liked 
ore better than say girl in Hbnkertuwn. I'd like to live in 
Diet little green house in Burgln you allowed me, nod liev 
u srwing-ranchiuc and • flower ifynlen — " 

" An' keep chickens, au" tncliby a nice little Imvrg cr 
two. Fatten 'em on the wraps; no expense skereelv." 

“ Yea. 'And sit of summer evenings* on the doorstep 
talking, just us two! him n-lcaning against the door! I cuu 
aeo it as pi-tin !" 

r i-.'. -...i.t—i.- - remarkable ehiuige 

• Jest ' • 


Slater 'Liz*'* face suddenly executed 
from rapt satisfaction lo indignant conjecture. "Jest you 
two!" sue demanded, lioortaly “An 1 wliera'd / lw-, Itosc 
Trapp? What do you thiok I'm wheedlin' James Henry 
Hoggins Into this tiling for? Look here, misty! it's bc- 
cuiuu I'm sb'k of 'countin' to people far every breuth I 
dror, an' workin' oouaiaut au' gittin’ no money ahead, an’ 
Levin' no say-so in anything, an 1 no chnncc of riaiu', sccin' 
all our dr-sconctatw are us rohusl a hit a* any one would 
wUh to look at. James Henry kin make big wage* at shcc- 
makin', au' I may a* well bev the good of 'em. out he's t>o 
Arm ret io doclnno, I know I can't git him away witliout 
Axin' bis l*eart oa some gyrl or other; an' I picked you out 
bccatioo I've noticed Liui’ lookin' at you off n' on, an' any- 
way you're troctablcr than vmur- Hut 1 want you lo under- 
stand Kiel I'm gain' tu run the house, ltuuh Y" 81w paiucd 
tentatively'. 

bister It dog wits used lo being ttominaled. Her will bad 
liven too long Mibjcetwl to authority to dream of reVrlling. 
“ You can do anything you please; 1 only caru about 
James Henry," hIic udd. with unwoi Idly candor, her mind 
uuvcrarel in tlte little u«i*l srbitrslion which makes wuuiau 
the passive agent in conjugul atraogetneiila. 

“All right, tben," said Sister 'Lixn, “an' renvciniier tbe 
erg-tnoucy ismibe. Hursh’ IslhelEUIerTboinus? 'bb-b )i 1 
Sbe snapped her bonnet over her face, and scuttled down the 
walk. 

Sister Rose went oo tranquilly sweeping the walk, her 
eyes not seeing outward thing* nt all, but turned inward 
upon u bewildering vision of life for ic»a aburact tlun this 
about her. Literature bad not purveyed to ber with poetic 
food; but she load a shape !cei nenae of tbc human satisfac- 
tion that Mca in symjxHhy and tl>e fusion of interests, nod 
Ibe feeling was tbc stronger that slie mode no effort ot 
analyzing It Marriage uteaul to ber a slate in which she 
and Brother James ileory should be aide to talk lo each 
oilier as often au pknuwl Uivin. If be should find it nreal- 
ful somvlimi.-* to scold brr, she would lw grieved indeed, 
but sbe should not love ldm tbe les*. and if be praised the 
coffee, how this would compensate’ She li*d no intimate 
reuse of ibe doctrinal evil of ibis connubial vi»L> an which 
her eye* were set. She only kuew that it wouUI be plensnnt 
nut to be obliged lo have one's buir cut every year, just as 
the yellow locka grew long enough to be woven in a worldly 
hunch on lop. She was tired of wearing cap* which guvv 
her aa air of holy resignation lu per^ieiuaf maldenho^l 
Slious which lmUoniul iasti-iui of lacing stolidly up the 
front, and gowns made without **[«.-» iu the neck — was it 
so very wicked then to hare a desire for tbctc fat flvshcd 
luxuries? 

They were all a part of tbe glamour which shone about 
Brother James llrury. That night slie caught his ejesas 
the family tiled into the long dlulngruom. Tbe women 
ranged lljcmselves nl one table, the men at another, ail 
sundiiic a monuiit in file at prayer. 

Tbe boards were spread in coarse white doth*- The 
crockery uus heavy, but there were a few cupa of a sprigged 
pattern, which some one luul brought us dower to tlie settle- 
rue ut. uud Rose Trupp's niiud. ns she bowed her heml and 
timitbeii an invocation fur spiritual grace, formed a subtly 
pleasing oouncelion liclweeu James Henry and the spidery 
rooRs-rrac* reprraefitcel a? crawling over tbe porcelain. 

" H e'll liev n wt like them,"sbi; decided as site sal down. 

Brother James Henry was certainly tt-ganliug her with a 
moderate sort of interest, lie was young ami bud a broad 
brow, over which a long tuck of b.tir swung iu a catenary 
curve, it* cud trailing U-liind and aruuml one ear. Ilf* 
glance w;ii drvuiny and abstracted, lu bis chin a dilli)do 
showed the iinpnnt of the liner r of Vvttiit. As she felt bis 
olwrvanve, Sinter Rose Trapp's heart was sensibly agitated, 
uud she found it 1 arnl In eat. 

" You should nut Irave taken more; fond tltiiti you want 
fd. the vide feta presently rebuked her, eyeing tire loci full 
plale- 

Kom's lashes pointed with tears, and 'he fell on added 
I mag at tbr* reproof Iwcausc Brother Jnnrvs Henry bn«l 
hvunl It. 

Thu! evening, a* site was going up stairs, a malicious fate. 


which bad no regard for Shaker idea*, ar- 
ranged that Jamra Henry should be routing 
down, uud Ut* two young people met oo the 
landing. That they should isiiuc wa* con- 
trary to all rule* and regulations, but oever- 
ibelras each one slacked up a little, and Mood 
looking at tbc other Brother Jame* Henry 
indeed seen led simply lo be waiting for ber 
tu go by, but though the wo* abaolird, and 
hud laid bold of the stair rail to stay ber 
strength, Sister Row was not aware of wish- 
ing to rut the rupliiroti* moment short IIo 
made a a if to proceed on hie way, and Sister 
Row, realizing tlut tie meant strictly to abide 
by the taw and the proidieto, suddenly yield- 
ed to a womanly Impulse, and. rracbtng out 
a trembling, appeuliug little hand, touched 
bis arm. 

Zf " Sister ’Liza," *b* fnltcred, “she— *he— ” 

But, after all. she could not go oa, and only 
hung her beori, her breast (weaving. 

" Sister Rose,” said lire young man. speaking with the ap- 
palling plulnocs* of common human nature unrestricted by 
a knowledge of polilc furmulus, "mother says you love nr. 

There was tiu qiirationlDg iu Ills tone; lie diii not attempt 
to fwlliMo the roliust nudity of this remark . hut simply 
rtatwl it ns be might have stated that night was corulng on. 

Rom nodded. Shu did not know thnt a delicate souse of 
modest reserve would hate required her to deny bin state- 
ment. 

“ 1 don't know a* h'a my fault," be commented, slowly. 

I never tried to Iwt you. ' 

Site laid her wrist over her eyes. 

" You better not Ihlnk about it any more,” be advised. 
Roto lowered her Itanil and looked nt him, nod with nu 
eye of uulmpatalontd criticism be not iced Hint her hair was 
a* yellow as the lm-nsl of a mendow lurk, and grew io downy 
point* about lief bruW. 

"Beware of tbo voices of earthly affections," be said, in 
an equable voice. 

"Brother J nines Ileory,'' breatlied Sister Rore. in a low 
Umc, "Sister 'Lira— l wouldn't have raid anything about 
you. only— she told me you— cared— about me. " Don't you?" 

TIicto wiw in ln;r fuc*. in ber voice and bearing, as she 
BfHjke, the whole piteuus. pasaiunate bewilderment uf a wo- 
man whoso conviction of another's regard U uncertain 
But jiwt now a voice sounded in the corridor above. Some 
one looked over the baluster. 

" Sister lto*c Trapp!” 

Rose sbiunk. 

“ Y-ysa, eld’resa." 

" What are you doing down there?" 

“I— I was only pawing the time of day with— with Bro- 
ther James Uenry.” 

" Eb-ba! Conic up tu my room. Sister Rose. You, Bro- 
ther Jnmea Henry, report to Eider Tbomus." 

Tbo voice melted away with tin- majestic effect of the ut 
ternnre of n god withdrawing in cloud*. 

Sister Row cliildwd ut iter cape, her eye* wide. The 
young man looked disturlicd. but hi* masculine calm pre- 
vailed a* tlie girl glided hv in lire dark of tlie sulrwny. He 
saw her disappear in 11 k turn nf the ball, a door slammed, 
uud lie knew she was iu tlie chamber of present*-. 

For several day# he raw nothing of her. but he took the 
leas itccuunl uf ibu tbst certain visitors from an older com- 
munity were prcM-ut in the village, having count to arrange 
business affair* of saint: weight.' It was reported that tile 
leading chivies* was to tot removed to wider fields, mid 
nnionr the subordinates whom ibis nctiou affected was Sister 
Eliza lluggib*. 

In view of Iter undoubted capacity hit the conduct nf nf- 
fuirv sire wns inforiuwl by her superiors in office of their 
intention of conferring upon her the h-nding jmaiiioD in Ea*t 
Family's executive force. Even before this matter was oJU- 
eklly given out. the community wa* made aware of it IlirougU 
tbe fiMtlium of Sister Eliza's altered bearing title dropped 
ber peremptory air, and assumed tbe gracious manner uf 
one upon whims fitting brawn have fslle-a, and who, having 
knuwu how lo be abased, knows alto ltow lo abound. 

Her son, coming upon her one day at she sorted linen in 
a little room below stairs, stopped to make query ns tu the 
distinct loo lie understood wo* about to lie granted her, 

“ Yea, truly,” admitted Sister 'Lira, with grave dignity — 
"anyone listenin' about the lialls?— I hcv chastised my Ireurt 
of worldly corruption; hut 1 menu lo do Well by you, James 
Henry— an uuly too. I ll see thet you're an elder yet; but 
it 'll be jest as well for us not lo he seen in ungodly con- 
verm;.'' she milled, manifest log the enpavittea of a grewt ruler, 
in dial even tlie laws tlicnucfrc* were pliant iu her biuid*. 

Brother James Henry's chin tightened. " I was going to 
ask ” — lie hesilsitcd. not feeling in tlie leost inclined to smile 
os tlie wind sal—" wbut has come uf bitter Rose Trap-pY" 
His inotlrer's eyre surveyed him with chill rejwoixitioo. 
"Sister Rom: Trapp he* been rebuked by them in authority 
for Ireving. uu her own cos fere Ion, let worldly affection* turn 
ip* which guve licr from tlie truth " 

Site folded a sheet »ltb proprietary Interest, awl laid it in 
a (avcoder-accnli'd pile. ■■ Sister llo*e Trapp will be sent 
to n far c-uuiuiutiily. Eld few HaliUsh MoothuUM! will take 
our sister to Irer new ap'ere of July, an' overlook ber feet 
Ibet they walk according tu the light." She fetched a great 
tigb, 

But, mother— I mcuu Sister ’Liza—" 

" l)*ae< >n«* 'Liza-" 

*' Rose l-s uf raid uf Eldervns itnuiiab. Always wax. Just 
turned white as those sheet* tbe uthcr night when eldcren* 
cal Ini her " 

She'd do liuslnciw tulkin' with mole men on tbe stain." 


•' It w 




, James Henry." 

This view uf the ca*« reemuu lo strike a spark from James 
Henry's stony ruiisciuosocM. 

" Let cm punish rue, then, instead of poor Rote Trapp,” 
lie argueil, hotly, tbe tumuli in bU breast by no mean* sug- 
gvftlng tliv •xpimsioB uf nntinul fuculiics harmoniously dre 
veloped. “Tell 'em to xenri me away instead of ber. &be 
wutt'i know a soul in that North community, " 

iM’flconi.'iM 'Liza's Imikcn note con ferns) rcf'iliitely wlllt 
her cliiu ns she closed her Jaws. “You always let on 
you didn't keer u straw atmiit Rowe Trapp. H -juld.i t 
hev me jaws her name to vou skertx-Iy." 

"You was always talking about ber” 

"I was (via ptid of the devil.'' said f.izn. blandly shifting 
the luSidofpcfroaid responsibility. 1 was tempted to hanker 
for n home ia tire w raid w here 1 could raise he tis. I so* sin- 
fully uf my ways bow Ibet a high temporal ofllcv be* been 
granted me. A* fur you, Jnnres llcnry, yoei s»ld you would 
pray Un t Rose Tmpp might come to «t ibe vanity of Irer 
heart. So 1 reckon it II rejuscc you to hear ibet she lit* 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1M0. 


4. r )8 


tome l<* rnovU-tion. F.M'mu. ho* ben In 
•unclin’ her daily. fin I luxe fay* *lie bus 
tooted Iwr fondtMMS (i»t you mil of her soul 
frncver.an' i» rcsigimlcd lo whulaueVcl coin sc 
ta laid nut for In i " 

" I an> glad," Kuid James Henry, jxxliru: u 
little, and lucidly nware i>f something heavy 
III lila breast. aa if hi* heart had drupfied like 
n i'li unmet of lead, ami aim gauuiui; (he 
fntboinlew <l«'jiiU« of « new a ud curious <ii»- 
Mttafaclioo With life 

" 1 reckoned you'd be." Mid the dennim-m, 
jiving car to hi* •wunme. and nol taking 
note of !he flanging aspect of Ilia fare. 

An Brother Jit me* Henry thought over the 
matter, it was plain to tiini. b*ng pliant hi 
authority. tboi perhaps Sinter Rr«e Trapp* 
removal from Kcntoelty was* wise and prov- 
idential arm a nme ul. She wu* resigned ; he 
could not lie lew. 

lie hail, however, a feeling of vague glad- 
ih*s that on tlw very thy ret for On depait- 
urc of Klderew Hannah and li«-r charge lie 
Wn* comiiibsiom.-d to go lo Lexlngtou for 
some material! needed in tlw shop* lie 
glanml »liyly at the two wouieu os they 
clambered Into the wagon, on the front sent 
of which lie * 4 it with the driver 

It was a wet morning in May. and the 
diluting kuidacnpe oppn»*d him Tlw sky 
*«> a hlanket-like Npie.nl of gray. ap|iareiii 
lv harboring rain enough to la*t u wok. 
I'll* hoiMO* hail no o»|>r<'l of covering cheer- 
fill Interior*, hut MMMd merely fortuitous 
•holler* for creature* a* desolate u* ||m- plum 
in nr h tell they held ari existence that •« only 
the pale scrum of life, lacking thn vital rid 
morn* of love and human aspiration. 

Stater Rum Trapp did not look at the young 
man at all. hut be *uw that her cheek* were 
not pink any more, ami that her eye* gath- 
ered a new shade from the circle* below 
their heavy ladies She did IM»t apeak, even 
to Eldcrem HauiMili.au tlw wagon rolled along 
toward Ibe railway. But wlum they were 
runic at the station, ami .lame* Henry had 
helped the chleritut pi alight It befell Hint be 
performed the mine office for htater I firm, 
noil that ns he lifted her free from the muddy 
wheel tlieir eye* met 

Perhaps her look was altogether one of 
resignation. It w as and enough to lie railed 
by any name » Inch hears to the mind an inti- 
mm tun of iminMMi Bat it *■!■« not ap- 
pealing. It rarried to tiie young man’s heart 
a direct revelation that sometldtig like pride, 
a* well »* piety, hail come to Stater Rose » 
aid. and Ibat die was going away willingly 
from n place hi whM-b Im-i woman's wild hail 
dreamed its dream, and wnked to dud it only 
tbc shadow of It* own dcsin-, 

lie glnnn-d about. Tlw: eidereaa woa 
proceeding wirti great dignity up ilm path 
to the *cn>ll-aawi*| edifice beyond. Bro- 
ther Wilbur wu* gone lo fetdi water fur Id* 
tames. TIktc »u* no one liy to hinder him 
if lie chose to speak, no one but Ann, tbe 
Word, ami somehow just at 'liia monn-ot she 
did not seem a very jwindi-iaMe presence set 
‘■IT aguiasi the Shaker maiden at Ills side. 
Shu hud tamed to get a shawl from the wag- 
on. and as he watched her lie rapidly remind 
r>:l him -eft of various canon* of hi* faith; 
lull thut in him which had defied the spur 
now restated the curb. 

” Why. you don't want to go, do you, 
ttoaeV he said, suddenly . 

" Yen." wi'l How 

" And have me?” 

" Yen.- said Row. 

"Oh, Rose, sec bend Why. I can't let 
you go away. I waul you— to— to stay. 
Hay. Rote—' 

"Tlie eld'nm* t~ gasped, the girt, looking 
wildly after the jsinderouN figure of her 
spiritual director, a* one who sue* lier fuith 
ili-wolviug. like n scroll In a llanu*. 

•• Wliat of her?" demanded James Henry, 
magnificently. bis young heart filled with a 
lion* courage. "I'll Just go ami tell Wr 
we re going to be married Sin- can't ilo 
anything to Mop us Tlds Is a free cuiiulry. 
May I tell licrt Hay, Rose " 

" I l*ev rid my heart of earthly affections. " 
Mid Sinter Roar, aohimiily. bur u-rwler eyes 
putting the lie <iu this awful assertior.. 

“Our affection won’t bu earthly; It 'II be 
ilivim-.” plcnd.il James llrnry, making love 
as naturally ns if be hud never done any thing 
else all hi* life long "That little house iii 
ISurgiu is still to rent; tin-re's two pcttcb-lrec* 
iu tin' yard, and— Herr's cldcrewe coming 
to look for you! Shall I >uy you're going up 
North with Iter? Ruse. Rim—" 

"Oil nay r said Stater Bins*- surprised into 
a negative assent. 


TRANSPORTATION AND 
HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. 

M n W. L B. Jr.SNKV of Chiaigo, is u im-m- 
lier of the Hoard of AtchitcctN of Ibu Coin m 
Idnn Exposition, ii ml one of the most cooaci- 
eniiims. lie lias projected not u few rather 
danng conceptions, notably a certain com- 
mercial plant that wua suggi-sUxl to him by 
wealthy New-Yorkers Hut wln-u he under- 
took to plan a building for the horticultural 
exhibit of IIm- World*! Fair, he was cuuftubl- 
id with n tirnlilem Hint would face him but 
once in a lifetime, and he iicconiingly gave 
himself up lo much study Itcfnr* he even *t- 
tenipti-d a sketch iu crayon The pretty de- 
sigu that he finally submitted was no dfepnr 
ngcmriit of hi* ability. His first care wu* to 
centralize or con ceo Irate hta kfea into some- 
cXpre-Miloti of fitlMf*. to Un: Mllijcrl iu bund 
unii this expression is found iu the central 


dome nr pavilion of the pi-wmied awl uorcjit- 
rd plan On rilJicr side of il, spread an uy, 
In- MU feet or nearly of Htructuic The ill 
imu»ioo of the buihflng in length is lOtMl feet, 
and the cxlrvtue width £**0 fret. 

Hepcudein on the central pavilion, which 
is i ii> w mil hy a gloss dome, are two end pu- 
Vili.itis. Time ate cuiiiie< till lo (lie centra) 
pavilion hy front and n-ar “remains," which 
form two iuterlor courts, each of which is 
designed to be ita hy 270 feet, The court* 
lire to Im- clatMiTMlrly’iiecorateii iu Ltilors that 
will sliotle from the superlatively bright into 
the softer firliug ami agnin riw to tin. Iwhl. 
Tim coloring will lie the completion! of the 
variegated effects in nalure provithsl hy thr 
exhibit. Intense blue will touch intense red. 
Mild siliMilute green will accentuate lily white 
Mr. Jetmey will look lo tlvc artUkiality of 
ilw nlTalr. and the supervising tMnantai will 
nnwiuingly ilo (he Test, for lie runnot create 
unrest or iiiluinuotiy in his groupings of nat- 
utnl color*. 

Tin. height of the central pavilion will lie 
H7 feet, aud under its trani|*ireut dome will 
tower palms, bamboo*, and tree fern* iu a* 
large sixes ** may U- oblaincil. The gallery 
of tlie cetitnl pavilion will be for ubierva- 
tinsi ptirpomi purely, while tiiosc of the end 
pavilions will he utilized for this end us well 
a* for cafe* Tlw ciifc* will lw surrounded 
by an arcudu on three side*, and from tbe*e 
it will lie iKMMible to secure a new view of 
the (mmiikWi. 

In the horticultural ih|«rlmi'tit will heel 
liibitcd all known vari sties of plants, lh>w - 
rr». fruits, wines, fruit pnalucts, senta of all 
soils, am) the iinpletnents of Itorticulluu 
SiN-b special exhibits as n-ipiire sunshine and 
light will lie shown III tlw rear "curtains." 
Here the roofing will lie made of gloss, and 
in such proximity lo the philits as to suffice 
for Use effect* of tlw ordinary hot-lmuae cov 
eviiig. The front "cuitaliis " tutd the spaces 
under the galleries will he used for such ex- 
hibits ns ni|Utre only the average amount of 
light and win ray. The dmigiier has not for- 
gotten to ptoviilu for the higher temperature 
that will lie ni,-c***ary for the preservation of 

laiils. fruits, mid ltora iu general thut will 

ave bun n*cued from tropical ilimnti*. 
and he has then fore made mi arrangement 
w hereby the iuterlor space tan lx- properly 
booled. 

The ulle of the horticultural building I* 
located immoiUatelr south of tlw entrance of 
the ground* from the Midway l’lnhuucc. uml 
tbu hall it-clf will fucc tlw wot edge of the 
lagoon with an eastern efevallotl- In front of 
It will be a terrace for the exhibition of such 
Horn as will thrive in the climatic environ 
uient. It will include tank* for the Victoria 
Begin and nymplm-a*. Tim face front of thb 
terrace, bordering die waterway with a low 
parapet, will make a boat-loudlng. The to- 
tal cost will lie (400 000. 

Uetwc.ii tin horticultural building uutl 
tlw exhibit of the itiiiM-4 will riw Use tilruc 
lure for the exhil.il* of transportation mctli- 
ikIb. The style is Rouioueujuc. Its leading 
feature, therefore, is Uic main entrance, which 
will consist of a marked single arch. This 
archway w ill bu Ixodered with carving*, Uaw 
reliefs, and mural paintings tlint will are 
priioch the f nib ton ..f the Bsbvlonianti iu 
numlxr and complexity This feature will 
be Ircuttd entirely in leaf, and I he architects 
mv that it will lx- called tin- gulden door. It 
will form a rather rich if ipiiei color climax. 
Tin remainder of thcco«ii|tMllloti ta thought 
out into a proper relation of contrast with 
tlw rich doorw sy. and ta accordingly modest 
though very broad. It onstaih mainly of an 
arevuie that is designeil tu lie continuous, oixl 
which will he tlw theme fot a Huhontiiistnl 
cobmimdc and entablature* The wall will 
lx- broken here and there with numerous 
minor entraoci-s, and with these will l« 
grouped teriiuia. drinking founlain*. and 
statuary, in which Ix-uuty alone, rather than 
buntiiy and apiwopriatcni M, i* sought 

In It* interior (lie design ta treated after 
the i r. nutter of the Reman I suit leu. Willi 
broad nave aud aisle*. That is the ti-omni 
H int tlw roof ts made Into three divisions, tiie 
niiddh: of which ta higher than the other*. 
The wall* lire pierced an n* in form u very 
U-autifu) clcro story The cupola, that ritoa 
ilin-rtly from the centre of lli>- I. nil. ling lo a 
bright <>f 1®I feet, i* reached hy eight eleva- 
tor* These modern inventions will not 
alone nerve n* ar« actual service in the build- 
ing. but will furutah a part pro|x-r of the 
exhibit of modern iraijsj-iirtati.nl method* 
They will atao lx- an easy avenue of ujiprincb 
to the main gnlh-rie* of tin- building. 

Tlw dimensions of the Iramptirlaliou de 
parlHMQt proper ant !*t> foct in length, and 
2 .VI feet in di-jxh. But an auiu-x tin* Ix-en 
docided upua thut will extend in .t westward 
diriction to Htnnoy Island Avenue. It will 
be triangular in form, aud will cover an 
area of about tiinu acre* It I* to countat ■>( 
a series of building* one story in height, 
61 feet ill width, and placed nkle by side. 
The great arm of tlii* aniwx. combined with 
die provision for a regularly gauged railway 
trw K at every 16 fci. will permit of the 
puMiUliiy of the exhibit of ati entire freight 
or pafeenger train coupled to Si* engine. 
The master of the nrinex sny* then- will In- 
sufficient room for the dtajiluy of 100 rail 
r.std locomotives j.Ur.-d end on. and a dull 
imagination ta nil that is nmi-sanvy to fancy 
the grandeur and tlw linj.rc*Bivciie*s of such 
a vista as the one KUggested. These engine* 
will, it should be sluted. be faced along tlw 
main avenue or nave of the aaoex Tlw 
practical eye of the projectors »cc» in the ex- 


hibit every form of modern trnn*poriatiiHi. 
from a hu by carriage to a " mogul locomo- 
tive, and from a cwdi conveyer, a* is M.-eu in a 
e.-mmonjilaci- dry-goo<U shop, to a gas bal- 
loon us large u* n dwelling 
Tlw iranstKirtaliou biiibliug ta one of Unit 
much talked nf group thut will go to make 
up the iNCluresque ijiudraugle that lies to the 
north, It will form tin southern end of tlw 
wet flunk. It* mini rclulron is with tin- 
manufacturer*' building on tlw east side of 
tlw tjiiadraiiglr. and the central feature- of 
each will lx oil the same tut and W«4 liuc 
The ik-scri|rtivr areiiiin t says that il ta- "ex- 
i|uisi(ely lulled and simple in are-hfiecUind 
tre-alnii-ul, nlthoagh it in mtcndisl to innkc it 
very rich amt elaborate in ileloiL In style 
it auvot* much of the Ron»oucei|Ue. slihougli 
to the initialed tlw nmuiu-r in whirb it ta 
ih-signtd on axial line*, uud Ilw solicitude 
shown for fine pni|xirtioBfc and subtle re- 
lations of purls to other, w ill at once 
suggest tlx- nit thod follow nl Iu lulujiosi 
tion nt Rede d« - Bcuux Arts " 

Viewed frutii tlw lagoon tlw cupola of Hits 
building will form Ilw effective southwest 
ascent of the quadrangle, while from the cu- 
|*ila Itself. Hr- nun hern court, the most beau- 
tiful effect of tbc Exposition, or at ta-asl one 
of them, uiay he observed. 


BUNKER HILL'S ANNIVERSARY. 

HOME VN PC BUSHED MEMOIR*. 

Tii»j*r. extracts are from tlw j.uirnn) of 
my father. Joseph Tufts, ojunsef].<r-nt law, 
Charlestown. Massachusetts, dec ax'! lbKj. 
and were never before inibluJud. The ori- 
ginal ta in hta own handwriting, and tlw vol 
time*, yellowed by age, liave I sen stored 
among the heirlooms of tlw family. 

Wiluxx Whiitkmorr Terns. 

Asuswius, Misi.uimn. .l>*ii », tWI. 

BUNKER HILL FOLK-LORE. 

Jum 2i> 1885 — Hot — Went at 7 V.H. to 
Winter Hill M. Hosting*, a maiden lady. 
Says that she, being then 16 rra. of arc. saw 
(lea. Warren, on the morning >.f Bunker 
llill bailie, give hta watch and other trinkets 
t» her mother at Cambridge Thut he walk 
«*l the room iu great agitation He was 
then about going un lo the field where he 
was killed 

June 1 4 — 7’iic». — I returned from Con- 
cord, dined at tny brother WhilU-tuon-'*, aud 
rode over niinker llill. There were on both 
hills crowtta of [Niiple on font and in tar- 
riagi-* to tea the preparationi. Col. Clark, 
aged 08, a Captain in tin? Bnttle.wb* llwre. 

1-VA. — MW.— Jacob Pierce, tlw Bunker 
Hill soldier. I went up on Breed’s llill 
where 1 saw Jacob Pierce, of Jeffrey, N. 11.. 
■gad aU.ve seventy year*, niteudeil Ire hta 
sou Hr U a strong el.l man ami still has a 
military air. lie is very deaf, but communi- 
cative lie stood on ’the remains of the 
breast works ami looked forward and about 
hint with an earnest brisk warlike manner, 
and sawl a* follows: 1 cam* to this hill the 

night lx fore the battle. Ix-ing u sergeant of 
my company I was unwell with the camp 
disorder tike dysentery j, and could not work, 
but I wns employ iil all nl^hc In setting sen 
tinels, Ac. The next morning I Inul a Im-ik- 
fait of hog’a dieek. It wa» jHXir eating. 
If Washington had lwen here the working 
BMW would have been relieved. It was 
Kara lo make them Slay mid fight after work- 
ing nil night. 

"The British advanced. 1 saw them take 
bold nf a rail fence in their way. and move 
it backward* and forwanls slowly. They 
did not like to come up. I was ul (he lower 
part nf tlw- breastwork If I bud gone Into 
tlie fort, 1 kuuw 1 should have been killed or 
takes 

" When the British came up we killed 
them a* fiwt a* We pleased. Tin y retreated 
nml furnu-d again Their dead lay in heaps. 
They got behind heajw of dead. There- wu» 
a step at tlw side of the bnmatworlu where 
we (xmhl stam] to fire. Thru- nf mv corn 
tinny Were killed. I saw Lord Percy fall on 
bis kuna waving hi* swnrri for his’ men tn 
come <i |> The IxiUela of tlw British sen-umed 
over out bead*. 

" Aftcra gocal while some nf the nw u mihI, 
"They nrc getting into the fort.’ I rejdkil. 
•Then it will not do for us to stay here * I 
nut toward u bush." Here (he old man looked 
arentml ami said." I do not see tbc hush now. 
In going there I came ncrem* n man wlm told 
me he was Wounded in tlie ankle. ' Well.’ 
said I 'you Inul better then h-uve the field 
as lust as you can.’ And I *uw him hopping 
off. 1 got Isrbiml tbc iKisb and thought It 
would be n good place from wheiw*: to fire 
upon them. Tire British were now odvan 
clug rnphlly. Tlieir fire wiu one contlumcl 
crack. I could see their tuouth* ojk-u. uud 
coticluded they were hurraing, loil 1 cosild 
not hear them. I heard the bullets continu- 
ally passing through tbc bu*h IsHdnd which 
I was, and thought it would not do to stay 
there. After lilt- battle began 1 felt nothing 
of tbu (linrdcr under which I labored, hut 
felt perfectly Well. I <«w a man entering 
lire fort richly dressed. At that nanent 
he fell-' t Pii« aim?) I gave them seventeen 
rounds. 

"It is hard to tell how long thu Istttle 
lasted. They say sixty-one miu ales. Thev 
may make me Iwlicvc that if they cat). I 
think it lasted twin- I hat time " 

The above 1 beufd from Mr. Pierce this 
day on Breed's Hill 

! Signed!, J. Terrs. 


16. — Nothing in Ihmiglit of but the ap 
pouching celebration Crowds of peupb 
are continuidly passing to Bunker .net 
Breed's Hill* to view the ]>re|iuratinfis, Hon* 
com pan in of soldiers have jusse<l from tta 
loin to Boston Tbc throng of strangers i- 
jmmeuw. Warm with rain. 

17. — Krirbig — I saw the grand procoatua 
]kmm itiy lodgings in Main btrccl. 

A few horM'ineii were iu the van Next 
sixteen comjianies of militia in sjJcndid uui 
>«irm with a band of mush . Then the *ur 
vlvurs of Bunker llill Battle in eight o|*-u 
mrriage*. with Isidgi-s on each aide of Umr 
coals hv their breast* la bltm riband Manned 
Hunker Hill. June 17th. 1775) Ora I»n.i 
burn and Co), (lark, captures iu the tail It 
rode Aral. A limiter Hill drummer Und hu 
cocked hat and drum, uud a soldier In ibt 
battle, iu a' Itroarl brimmed liat. and cruthed 
<lown by yuan, ever ami anon waved to thr 
jwoplc a leather txiut-h like a pocket with iu 
leather nlrlnjp the siuiw.! pouch from Which 
lie took hta build* iu the action. 

Next followed tbu Ituvoluiiunary eoldicn 
on fiMrt, with badge* of blue ribband: u ven- 
erable bund Then the Bunker Hill Monu 
meat Asaocioiion in great numbers, with blue 
rlMmtid budges, six deep 

Then the grand procuMloo of Masons from 
all the New Kiiglsml Stab* and from Ntw 
Jersey the thm silver vases with corn 
wine and nil, tbc Bible, square Mid ComiwsB 
And they were full dressed. The Knight* 
Templars in black with military bats ami 
black plumes and swords ami *|wwra. Then 
WciurntR. TIh'U Tbuxter, a Hevuliirionnry 
ciiaplain, witli a liigh cocked bat. broeebes 
and shot* with large silver buckles: a man 
of BMOther M The lUrextom. Then I_i 
Fayette and l^dlemand in an open camagi. 
with four white h»r*u*. The Governor ami 
Legislature. Got. Fenner, of Rhode Island, 
with bis uids Part of the Pilgrim Society 
Thru officer* of U 9. Navy and Army; ami 
of the Militia iu splendid iinifnnn "In the 
whole about five thousand ami three bun 
dred men. The grandest jr occasion since 
the Homan Heputdic. 

They were twenty-five minutes in passing 
hv me. Tlu-y went through Mato. Green and 
High Mt reals to Motiumeui Square. Tlx-ri 
the eorni-r *Ump of the Moaumeut was laid 
by G. M. Abbott, [K. MaMml. Webster and 
Ij» Fayette. Tbc oration by VS clwter sune-l 
ed. *(>i-keu in tbe open air to n vast multi 
tilde Tlie orator was drewed tri a blmk 
gown. The ladic* were on Ida riclit and 
l*'ft The Bunker Hill soldiers before am! 
next tn him He stood alxiut twenty reds 
N N.E of the new nuMiumcnt. near the b»t 
tom of tlx* declivity. The people were on 
seats uhovr him. 


Tire tent where they rlined is rvn Bunk- : 
Hill, on Jotham Johnson's land, next N \V 
of Mr* Blanciiard's land, near tlie street, and 
parallel to it It t« -ttX) feel long ami 100 
feel wide und ha* 12 tnbli* the whole length ; 
a platform In the center for distingutatu-d 
guest*. UK! f«i-t by SO. 4taU0 pentons dim d 
there II ta made with a frame covered w ith 
sails. 

The oration was delivered between 8 and 
3 o'dt ek. p.m Tlw- sky «u txillianlly dear 
ufier t iic preceding day s nun; tbe air cool, 
tins w ind uorlberly in tlie morning ; east 
a boat 13; lira calm; then a slight wr»t*-itt 
lrrerze. It ta miqwiM-d ihat cue hundred 
and fifty tbimmnd people were present. 

The stone being laid llwre was a about 
and a discharge of cunnou from Bunker und 
Coop's Hills. 

Such bon nr* Freedom to lier soldien p»y* 

111. — Ami — Went to meeting all day. Vcrv 
hut A Bunker Hill ooJdkr wu* there with 
bta budge. 

23 — La Fayette jiasaed tlirnugh thu 
town for Concord. N. II. , never lo return. 


A RED LEAF. 

BY B1.I8B CARMAN. 

Over Grand Pri- the year wu* wheeling 
round to early fall, witli vigor 111 ready in tlx 
sir. and on tin sett thut ilcrper Sep'teuibi -1 

blue. 

fsttence everywhere, nml distance; arre* 
and mill-* nf inursb. dun (idon.il and rtnwl 
lxnindcd by league nftcr league of winding 
dike. dotted with ricks of iuv.n|ien. Mown 
by the wind and sunburnt. and strayed <m t 
by Hie pasturing rattle, which lift their head- 
from time to litne tu guze in wonder at tbe 

The festiva) of berries was over; the wiki 
rose petal* were long Blnoe strewn abroad by 
the idlim: finger* of tin- wind, and only the 
amrlH Inp* were left to tell the unlikely’ ule 
Many and many a day bad here gone down 
to silence, slowly wending, !mli-ii witli a her 
den of song; for not the wayward dixnt 
of the year wild nml eager to crowd the t.ird 
thriKiU with unutterable thing*? And tin- 
dusky (.’nuaila lilio bad danced thetr la*t 
Hta to Mr dance upon the bonier* nf Ur- harvest 
meadow*, and bowed themselves out through 
fairy doors. 

Mi tlw> Dorihlaud summer, that child of 
passionate- <k*iring nml regret , had rist-n 
fruru l»or sultry revel, spilling tin- l»*t 
Uower* from her lap, and passed where the 



fNE 30, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY 


459 



I ward open slants bright in tin* morning 
Oil. loitering hull wistful liy I lie rood side, 
ashing tlie golden- rod a* sbn went. 

Tliere slut stood now liy tile gray fence 
e. mid for ouu long while in reverie gave 
r eye* tlit-lr whole will of lowland and 
irnli nml tm veiling shadow mid tlw far-off 
oler of rocking ms— sunlit, blue— wniltug, 
tiling, until liorlord.tbe nitlunin sun. should 
ovc forward, a silent builler upon a lonely 
til. and beckon bar away beyond North 
ountoin to tlio night. 

Thu smouldering of Ilia entnp lire* signalled 
_»um tlie bills 

It 

Tl»e days were not yet crisp with frail, ex- 
cept for till! rtrst hours after Minri-c upon the 
while field*. but in the stillness of the after- 
noon a pervnalw sense of infinite leisure was 
abroai). too happy for idlcae**, and for too 
content for liusy meddling 

It was the very treasure of the year, the 
inherited jn omsskid of Unit liny folk, the 
crickets, who are botti with the dew, and die 
with the frost. 

At morning the great cloud loft would ho 
hung with snow-white foldings of the sails 
of ilay, idle ti|Min the Varda, 

But nfier noon, wlw '* 


i it began to v 


illingly toward sunset, the sky would 
cltauge. The very being of milumn stole 
through the world s great vein*. The bxig 
nmgrs of upland were criniann and dark anil 
tawny parole in thu sun The stealing Imre 
occupied the Iwdght* and passe* by tlie bills, 
|iciipiing them with a host of gimmes, so tliat 
the enrtb was a place of splendor more love 
ly. more tender, llmu the eutller year bail 
known. 

Every sound from the hundreds of cattle 
upon tiie niarabes camo up resonant like a 
thing possessed, far lward, haunting, sweet, 
as if it bad passed through some alien ls>r- 
det land of dream. Never, never, having 
once liewrtl thnoe sounds ill the September 
air over Grand Pre. shall thy Iwnrt quite* 
escape a touch of loime-yearaing as often as 
the year turns to full 

There, from St. Eulalio to Pen-tin. the or- 
chard harvest him ri|iencd. until lire apple 
Is nigh* swung lower and lower with their 

crimson ami yellow fruit From many a 
roof the ihi agent smoke, thin mid blue, rose 
and wandered and melted away into the haze. 

III. 

A strip of higher ground, wooded, a few 
hundred yards Wide, liorder* some mile and 
a half of (jtwod Pro on Its outmost -award 
side. For the rest, the dikes must nerve oh 
bulwarks against the dredging of enormous 
tides Here just clear of the dr woods. stood 
an old gray Ixiro. chinked mid awrv 
TIm. hui 1 - ' ■ 


ing in it* centre a rirrular pond large enough 
In turn a canoe in. and hulf full of lazy for- 
eign wider llowers. A little Isink of fredi 
turf slope* from the stone coping of its lip 
down to the Ixown gravel path which encir- 
cles it under the trees. 

It was thu < ml of summer here too, and 
five o'clock in the evening, when a girl iu a 
round straw hut mid dainty jacket came out 
of one of those office* further un thu street, 
w hero you see In the windows polished desks 
mol type-writing machines and putted duu* 
of steamer sailing* 

Site walked doWB die cobble stones at the 
north of this Green, and stopped at the 
gate. 

Then she' went in, and stood by the pond, 
watching tlie water flower* turn their leaves 
in I Ik- bre«e heavily, like a luuiliertnau Mull- 
ing a mft of logs 

Tlie red ami blue water lilies from India 
mol Zanzibar floated ilwre in exile with their 
while sisters from Sierra I .cone. The Kgvp- 
lian |m|ier reeds sighed and shook their 
fluffy heads o*W reveries of Plmrwah's daugh- 
ter The tall regal pink-white lotus from 
Japan loosened a petal. and hiuiidnd it. like 
a nixie s skiff, on tin- still flood, und slowly it 
drifted down to wreck in thu guzzling wind 
strom <if tire draia-pipc. 

But Dainty Jacket was not thinking of any 
of IImbc tliiugs, nor of the only oilier loiter 
cr» near hy— au old man on one of the bench - 
ea and n child busy with the gravel. 

Shu was a sweet-faced girl, neither lutnd- 
some nor lieautiful, hut mueh more than 
either— very lovely, with hair (since you 
must know all about It, nnd since we hnve 
sat down here in the diode to talk about 
her) like lurned beech leaves, ami eyes 
the color of the sen. at once so merry and 
searching there *u no refusing them any- 
thing. Stic had n way with them much Pro 
flank to be deuiure und tuueb too simple to 
lie bold. If she looked at yon. you began to 
wonder wbnl wrong you bod dune lately, 
for you were sure die knew it; then, when 
she smiled in her gazing, you knew that if 
she were judge there would be mercy min- 
gled with the judgment. And when die 
smiled, the day might os well have hu-n 
basking over North Borneo. so out of tniud 
were all hi* efforts and so officious 

Front the wrinkle of her laxil to tbc last 
maxing curl Ix-lund her car die wo*— Ob, 
well, dse was just Dainty Jacket! I watt bed 
lo r many u duv (here in tlie Green, but you 
have never seen her. I cannot tell you; you 
are a young man . you would love ber mud 
ly for a month, then yon would lovo some- 
one else — also madly. Hut when you arc ns 
obi as I am, you will l«sm that Howling 
Green— or Unadway editor, for the matter 
of that— i|qm m-t m*. he. ilk- -rerr «Uv. 


into earh nook ami cranny, and make* 
Auroras wings, or Floras wreath, or a don- 
key * head fit for notion, the Weaver. Most 
likely there are a dozen moulds how. Hy 
the rime the last one has its quoin, the Ar»t i* 
ready for the second filling. After that come* 
u tlnrd; in large casts even a fourth. Then 
the moulds are inverted, und the surplus 
drained Kick into tbe bucket. Tell luinules 
later tliere is a dow untying of string, and 
there l>efure you. a* the yellow busk full* 
slowly away. Is a thing of beauty, nil white 
curves ami grnv shadows, hard lo (lie touch, 
but dump as river fog. Most of tbe dozen 
will be ludicrously incomplete, Si. Anthony 
wauls u cowled head -there is only a deep 
onckot in place of it; tbc promcmidcr. her 
parasol; tbe dicphcTilcu, licr crook, a* well 
M tlw liand that bolds it. Iliu flower-girl, lier 
basket of nodes; the uuindoliii player, hU 
lute— but the smaller moulds open lo disclose 
all the missing niembeis. 

Deftly the workman lute* them in place 
with a hi tie newly wet plaster In like man- 
ner be Axes on any broken fragment Then, 
with a broud tbiu-bladed knife, lie goes over 
the figure, paring down here a seam, soften 
ing there an angle, nr accenting a curve 
Falling back a pace, be lakes in the effect of 
hi* touching up. then ml* Hr- figure nu a 
wide light bean I that very shortly will licur 
the whole batch into Ihc'dryiug i Inset. It 
la small ami dark and stuffy, kept lint — hut 
Dot too Lot— with a charcoal stove Twelve 
hour* in it make* a figure marketable, unless 
it is to lie colored or bronzed. In Unit caw 
it is washed over twice or thrice, and fired 
between each coating The delicate pink 
and cream colored figures are mode hy mix- 
ing terracotta— which 1* Italian for "red 
tar tli ''—or yellow ochre with the plaster be- 
fore casting. There Is no duly u|om either 
tlie raw material or tbe workman, and low as 
tlio finished emus sell, there is some four 
hundred per cent profit in the ninnufuc- 
lure. 

Ptauues In low- relief require but a single 
mould. Other* have tin- figure* coat separate, 
often In many purla, and so skilfully attached 
that tlio joining I* unsuspected Everywhere 
and often you find the Iru? sculptor's touch 
It in here iliat the real sculptor comes when 
he want* helpers for Mime colaml group 

Among themselves there are sharp lines of 
segregation One atelier Itmkca only augeis 
and shrine figures, another show rows upon 
row of caryatides, griffin*, gorgons. w bat not. 
fur use of arrbitoct* Many others are 
crammed with green parrots, hears, monkeys, 
bouquet* of fruit* awl flowers, that will Is.* 
vended in couulry towns the length and 
breadth of the laud. Still others run Ut 
group*, faithfully reproducing iIk> boat Im- 
ported statuette*. Native one* have tlie pro 


touch it half tenderly, and oak. incredulously. 
" From life?" 

Tlio hlue-b|nu*«d workman mxls uamtit. 
and mumlilcs. " llinicr-y — ob. whatyoucull? 
— hcl low verra, oh. Terra much*." 

You dn not wonder at It when, for soke of 
experience, yutt deckle to take away a cost of 
your own hand. With Inward shivers you 
eye llw bed of soft plaster in which it must 
tie laid. You have more than one qualm aa 
the member is anointed with tire brown. 
sticky.maUaloroiLsiML You become a moss of 
citv|w. as it is plunged into its bed and more 
of tin.- white, cold dampiiCM. that fuel* liko 
a plastic corpie. pocked over und around it. 
In briefest space the stuff has aet, and the 
workman deftly cuts it in two by pulling 
through it the oiled thread be has laid around 
the band's outline Tlren literally coiuc* the 
tug of war. Spile of oil. tlw inexorable plus 
ter has taken hold upou each small liair or 
wrinkle or rrevicr, and gives it up most re 
Iticianlly. It is a momentary Haying alive, 
fuint prickings run down to the tip* of your 
toes. You will lie lcrcl-Ucaded indeed if 
you do not sec three colors at oik*. Hut to- 
morrow or next week, u* occasion serves, 
ym may shake hands with yourself in pin* 
ter, and preaent true coplea of that part of 

C mr anatomy to either the friend you lovo 
•a. or tbc foe you would confound with 
its sluqieliiien* and fair proportion. 

It is an oxperlcuuc you will not cure to re- 
pent. unless. indeed, your vanity is ahuur inally 
developed "Ah, but sooua, da do niaka 
nolting of c-el! Sec dia?" says (lie image- 
maher, showing a rust of an ear wiih ouly 
tlie turn of cheek sud neck attached. It is 
simply perfect, neither large nor small, fluid 
like a shell, and set un ul just tlie proper 
nngic. The artificer look* It over with a 
connoisseur s air, and says, slowly; “ ] levin 
trouhlaT I muka one. two. tree. oh. many, 
so many "—holding up ten flugen — " before 
Irh.iii la* riglila; b-it she n |Hty; slw mm ha 
money Not mueba beaut i ; die all ; she lika 
to see tet" 

Oik* you are recognized an A»Mt«i* of the 
shop, and have bought yourself into iImi 
master s contldeuce. he will show you all the 
aecret* of the house— tliat is. tlw hand*, feet 

loo, of his customers who wish thus to jwr- 
petiuto then >rel vet. Two years ago tt w ts 
quite the fasliion. Now, lir tell* you, witli 
much upcasting of big dark eyes. "Nut 
inuchn lndi come any more." But some 
bring ur scud llicir babies. Here are dimpled 
hands galore, and a chubby foot, with its 
round ten.-* drawn in. u* though shrinking 
from the cold creeping plaster. 

There is another whose story give* you tlw 
heartache It is Unit of n three -mou Ills baby, 
diiiipli .l |x-rfcctly. Ikii, oh, so pitifully rigid 
in pou-‘ It wna taken from death, nut life. 


iQogle 


THF. THREE-CORNERED BOAT-RACE AT NEW LONDON— UNIVERSITY OP PENNSYLVANIA CREW. — [Sn Panic 403 ] 


462 


IIARPKR'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1800. 



Gilbert. HI* l«*t parta were Joseph Surface. over it* trouble* through the Clearing-house 
Triplet (which is raid to have U-en lire bc-t Axsncutioc. Hut its tlcnlli wound biul been 
ever wen Upon Hie stage). (Mil Adam ill .Is dealt; it Inst deposits unci business, rumors 

)»« Like It, (I raves in .Vioreg, KalatnlT. Sir la-gan to fly thick Mid fast. The lunik is ids 

IVtcr Teazle, Memii in, Claude Mclnotte. the Mutely solvent, lice lunik is rotten to the 
Ghost In /Aimiitf, Gold llnch, Tom Bobolink. rore— whicJt wn» the people to lidieve? 
Mulvolio. Fig in. Sir llnrrourt Cnurllev. La- Naturally they cliose ilic safe side, awl with- 
res pie in The Romance of a ISnr Y»Mug if, n, ; drew their money. Hut the city's monrv 

hut it Is as the Parson In The fyvirr that he reiniuned. Then it became n|i|xiretit that it 

will ho best remembered by llie present gru- was there for a purpose. An investigation was 
oration. begun by a Committee of Councils looking 

Into Treasurer Banlslcy's dealing* with the 
,ai U . DiniiL'i I'O i"n .I Keystone Hank, and the conduct of Ilia office 

•FOIIN ltAKDSLhY AL. | n general. This lnveatlgation U still in 

Joint Hiansi.v.v. cx-Trea*urer of I'hila- progrras. and Counrilmnn Theodore M. Et- 
ih'lpliia, is in Mnysmenaing Prison, in de- ling lias woo enduring fnme as a emsa-ex- 
fuiilt of #80,000 lutll. to answer the charges aminer of witnesses, In the mean while the 
of fierjury an«l embezzlement. If llie great bank lingered on. nnd Anally failed on March 
tower on the Quaker City's colonial Public ltHli. Comptroller of (he Currency Lacey at 
Huildings bail fallen to the cellar aw! demol- once placed Hank Examiner Draw in charge, 
idled thereby the entire ediftee, the astonish- anil after a desperate ntlempt ul reorgaiiizn- 
nu-nt and duck could not lie greater than tlou, the Institution pa**cd into t|i« bauds of 
has resulted from llie downfall of this prom- a receiver. whi rr it now i«. 
inent merchant, political lender, nnd public Tliaie fruitless attempts at reorganization 
spiriusl citizen " Honest John " Bardsley brought to tlio surface tlie real trouble. Tho 
wu literally a tower of strength in Pliiladel- hunk hnil been "gutted.” The llirn pre- 

f >!»»'* buitaora and |Kilitienl elrelei, partieu sideut. Gideon W. Marsh. confessed at the 
urly the Utter. Never rcgnrih*! as a very time of tho December run that them «iu a 
rich man— he whs president of Hie Bradford defalcation in the honk. John C. Lucas, his 
Mills— lie was looked upon iis a man of sier- predecessor. had dlod a defaulter to (lie hank 
ling strength of character, of such indomi- to the extent of {925.000; it was staled also 
table honesty of purpose and acliiNi. that the that Mardi. who luul been cashier under Lu- 
revelation of bis dastardly treachery and 
rascality is positively stupefying. 

Elected Trczru— r ‘!:;vrrr.„r, ISS?-, i... 

took office the Aral Monday in January. 1N*U, 
for three years. Ills bondsmen wire the 
well-known manufacturers John it James 
Dobson— for the city. #1(10.1X10; and for the 
State, #120,000. This has, of course, been 


when Drew left, the money was returned to wonderful— 1 must not forget that — very 
the Spring Garden institution. This was complex, very strange. And there ia Omega, 
"double- entry" bookkeeping with a von- sure os I am alive it is Omega in brass tubes 
puce! The charge of mil* yv.li nnnt under Now that— that must give vent to the lowest 
which Bardsley Is licld brings to light a cu- •«*» mmiihI*, tin’ llnal sounds, so to speak 
riaus conversion of publir fluids, Hiinlsley That is suggestive. Were the instrumeuts 
bud mi sccuunt in lire Third Natkmul Bank known to man liefore the character* were 
us John Bnrddi-v Highway, amounting, lost used, nnd did tire shapes suggest such rlur 
February, to about $41,000. This was ten actors? It iiiUNt be so. We Know that dogi 
per cent, retained from ciMitractora engaged were known to the Dakota Indians befnre 
in cilr work, und withheld from them by lire horse, for they cull the latter ' big dog ' 
Batdsrey uulil lire faithful completion of What a study in philology Hu* orchestra i*' 
their contract*^ it did not, in point of fact. I will speuk to the faculty aliout it. TJrere 
belong to tlic city at all. unless some or nil is ii citctllur kustriuneut like tire letter (>. 
of these contractors »hould full to complete giving 01,1 Uiowr deep unremitting grant* 
the work salUfaclorily to the city. During They are imliculive of surprise; they are — ~ 
tho month of February Banister received There was a eutMvn flash before ftia ey*», 
word that lire Commit lor of Councils to count nnd the Professor started. A waiter stood 
tire cash in the Cktv Treasury was on its way by with a lighted match; the Professor's ct- 
to the City Hull. There w«* little or nothing gar liad gone out. 

in the cash drawer except #1IKI,000 in pro- " Pardon!" raid the waller. “You vat 
tested due-hills of the Keystone Bank In asleep!" 

order to help make good his deliciencv. "Dear me, no," nnswerrd the little Prn- 
" Honest John" drew from tire Third Nit- fratrer. between puff* at his cigar. "You 
lioital #39.(100 as John Bardsley Highway, may bting mo some more beer. And, eh. 
ami deposited it in the cash drawer as rity etui you give me u paper nnd pencil? I wish 
fundi, atnl It was to counted by the com- to transcribe some notes,” ami the little Pro 
raitlrr. It is for the conversion of this trust feasor looked absently amnml and smiled at 
fund that lie has hen held for emla-zzle- the girl at the Mitre table, who smiled hark, 
meat If over there has liecn an admirable At the next tattle *at n family patty. Tire 
exemplification of the old ndagr, "robbing little buy was trying to sleep, but the render 

Peter to |>*y Paul," here Is a case in poiut. mg of Wagner by the bond was not produc 

had declared that Lucas began bis steal- Bardsley has made a js-rsointl assignment. live of somuolcnrc. His father and his mis 

Inga in 1880, l Iren-fore for eleven years had with nominal assets amounting to # 2 , 0001 X 10 . tlrer evidently enjoyed themselves, judging 
rent Iter, 1888. ho the villanic* of this precious psir of swln- which good judges assert may yield one per by llu-ir eager talk. 

* " dleni bred hidden from the eye* of zealous ( ?) cent of Ureir face value. It bos also come "I bt>|» that you wont regret staying in 

directors and the National Hank Exantlii- to light that Bardsley speculated in the Mock town wlili me this summer. ' whispered tire 

cr When this announcement was made. Mrs market, with a loss of nearly #liXl.(NX) nominal bend of the bouse during a pnuac in 

Lucas, the widow of the erstwhile president, Wlrere did this money come from? There lire music. " We won't compare it wilh the 

turued over to tire directors an equity in tire is a hollow echo circulating aliout tbe cash sen-shore or Uic mountain*, but it's cool 

Lucas Building and property account in the Keystone Bank. Through- enough, ami Iwsklo*. my dear, it's near home, 

at Sea Girt, which apparent- out all thla miserable story of falsehood, trick As aii cx|rerimcnt, it promises to he sueceaa- 

lv reduced that deficit two- cry, fraud, tlreft. ami perjury, there i* Just ful ” 

thirds. In the menu time the one bright spot, and that is the refusal of As- Tire music burst forth at that moment, 
probe was inserted further, sistnnl Cashier Met lure, of the Bpring Gar- and aroused tire llttlo lioy; hut a deaf man, 
anil it was discovered that den Bank, to countenance an over issue of who had come to tbe concert in the hope of 
Marsh had been guilty of the honk's stock by President Kennedy, nnd hearing a stray note or two of German tnelo 
perjury, forgery, falsi licstion his subsequent resignation ralbcr lluui tie a dy, understood tire lady to say, by tire mo 

I of the lunik'* accounts, over- |u»rty to tho fraud. In view of tbe fact that lion of her lips, something about a sort of 

issue of stock, and that As- next winter a Congress will meet, with a Low - " picnic life '' 

aistanl Cashier Lawrence waa er House oumponed largely of Farmers' Al- That's Judge Young over there, in a 
fmrtieep* eriminu. Both llancr "cranks. "government pawn shop ad- while walMeoal," continued tire uian who 

were arrested and placed un- voente*, " flat " tnonry swindlers, tlic spec- had to slay in town "lie's a better politician 

der hnil. In lire mean time lacle presented by Uie losses and ret k lens than he is judge, however; and that chap in 

tire iorcMigstiofl hy the Com- robin- ry of these rhilodclpliin iianks, and a dress suit over yonder is Grace's friend, 

millee of Councils proceeded, similar disasters elsewhere, will placcapnw- who rode llirec winners at the homo allow, 

and Mursh. unahk to stand erful lever in the hand* of those demagogue* He's got plenty of money and is a gentle 
tire ordeal, "jumped” hi* who delight in cCurta to turn " tansy lurry, " man, IkjI he ride* like a what you call 'im of 
tail, and is now a fugitive II.UUIT P. M.iWbu.v m> ilioh^y . That little man I just bowetl to 

from luMicc. with a price is my taikir, ami tire couple Just behind him 

npoa hi* bead, apparently Tiir \f i nifiov cr»l’ i l>c- are Mr. Trotter and the Schuyler girla Their 

gulltv of alimwt every ooo- llir. JUlUIMl.t oyl -\Ut |»iple aro |wolaMy slaying In town for 

-ccivahlc violation of com- UAKUEN. the wedding loaMTn*. Tiiev're reckoixd 

mercial integrity. Tlie far- nvvisviu «vm- «mn among tire flrst twenty In the Four Hiindml 

EaT- ther the committee went, the A man w ho knew nolwdy sat not far away. 

||]| I ' worse mailers looked for ev- "lire not know that I care inurli for mu- with bis hend resting upon one bnnd. lie 
m K-. cry one couuccltd with tire sic In the ahstrart. " remarked the I'rokwsor had ta-cn a self ooudetnired exile for tea 

|Mlf y-- hunk Director* wlio had of I’liilulogy to himself, " twit to listen to years, nnd upon tbe flrst evening of bis ro- 

PMK' signed report* without even good music. wilh a cigar in your mouth and turn Ire had come to the gulden to rouar tire 

resiling then*; clerk* who a tanknnl al your side is very delightful." old memories of the pun, A week before be 

luul shred by silently while Tire college term was Just over, nearly three went away be had beeu tlrere at the circus 

whole pages Inal liecn ah- month* of pleasure lay liefore him. and tire A innieular one was of tbe patty, ami Ire 

si meted from the bank's led- Professor was m New York for a night. hud never forgotten that evening. Tire pink 
gers to deceive that very On tire morrow Ire would seek some secluded lemonade, the pea nut*, the bra** band, and 
trusting ofllcial. Bank Ex- farni-bousr. and grub for Greek roots all then those confldcntial little wbispera! Only 

aminer Drew ; and so on, <me summer That was pleasure to liltn. liut on a few days liefore her engagement to mi 

criminal disclosure ami proof this night be wan determined to have his other waa niinnuiiord. after which Ire had 

of fraud fallowring upon the fling In nuolbcr way. Tlrere was sonrelUiug gone away. He sat alone, and wondered 

heels of another so rapidly rakLIi and spicy in tire adventure. *o the lit wliut liad come over his dreams. In vain Ire 

that the community simply tie gray-liuircd Professor sat at one of the looked f«w something to suggest tlioso other 
stood duinfouDded. Anti foremost tables in the Madison Square Gar days. He seemed at ill to lie an exile from tlre 
~i*« Pausw. tii WI came to light the most den. ami smiled at his recklessness as lie city of his youth. Hu thought that Ire would 

stupendous net of all. Bards- drank his beer. At lire satire table with him wnit until the music began, then those good 

Icy had deposited in tire Key- was a pair fncckbxl youth, flashily d reared, uld t lures would tune buck to him in the rat 

slime Honk, in his own name, and a rather pretty girl. Her voice was th- ami roar of miim familiar tune. Hu would 

#980.000 of Stale taxes, for wbicli there ia harsh, tire little Professor tlaniglil. and he di>I look al tlic programme, the music would 

nothing to show except some worthies* dire- shuddered at her sncecli. which was not tell him all. The conductor's rap startled 

Mils of lire broken lank. There never lias classical. The little Pmfesaor nho shudder- him. and " Beautiful Spring " ami “ When a 
lieeti any account in the Stale * name, and ed when die damw-l onb-red beer, hut the Boy I Lived at Lincoln " flashed thrnugh Ins 
tlrere U nothing to show for whom it was next moment he winked rapidly three or mind— which would It be? Willi a crash 
paid out. aor Wlrere il Went to! four time* at the land ill order to show that the music started, ami Ire started, also, al lire 

Following upon tho failure of the Key- he was fully aware of his wickedness, It crash Had lire clown come in? Hud -tin. 
stone Bank came the collapse of the Spring writ* simply delicious, thought lire Professor he w-us in a strange place, and lie luul Is* u 
Garden National Bank, another ••acllve' , of Philology. Then he took another *i|» of dreaming. It was no circus. Sire was not 

, , depository of city and State money* The beer, and la gged a light for his cignr from near him. lie w it* a stranger in a large hall. 

:vcr on lire side president, Kniucis W. Kennedy, Is in the tin* pale freckled yoiiilt, and the overture to Sirg/ntti wa* liciiig pluy- 

n ml tbe ptuper same Jail a* Barelsky in default of #20 inn) Not far away sat two of tire college sin id. lie sat a* a man stunned, tbe cigar ail 

fToilwof Ihceitv, 1st il. ami his brother, Henry W. Kennedy, dent*, ami the Irewrt of tire little Professor iinihl slipping from hi* linger* 

esscil thief. In the Casliier, managed to secure bondsmen, swelled with pleasure ut tho thought tliat he A sweet looking girl and a quietly dr eased 

of the fluancial and keep him— If iml of prison. It is in nv- ton was young again, ns young a* they for youili rook *eat* at the Mine table. He n-c 

c convulsed lire iilence lliat Pnwiilenl Kennedy ones the Mini night "Hoys will tie boys.” raid the ognized tlreir right to <lo so, hut lie did pot 

rhl. tlrere was a lank some ##00.008. for which the hunk Iras I*rofc»or to himself, and Ire wondered wlmt fancy their coiu|uinv. so he nra.- aud mon.l 

al ihuik of Iliil- iso security, and that two of tire directors the ladkw and getillciiseli in tbe tiers of scuta softly luck to a I aide near lire rear which 

i*ud the ground owe lire institution la-tween Urem #40U.(NN) thought iu tlrey l.*>kxxl down upon him was vacant. An obserpiious waller was l»- 

llng. corner of mute, and holh these gentlemen have miulc Then tire music la-gnu. fore him in an Instant with n lighted itrnu li. 

i, ucrusH lire way personal asaigomcnL* wilh no viaibie assets. The Pnifcitwir gnred at tire array of In- reminding him that his cigar was out. lie 
it. Built up by AimI yet il Is only two inontii* ago lliat till* stmments ' ' I buvr it — | have it.” lie muted niccbauiciiily pul Ids baud in his pocket and 

w . in IXMf, il had Bpring Garden lutuk declared a semiannual "Music ami speech are allreil through the drew out some change, while at the saino 

gat In-red to itself a lucrative business, and dividend of two und n half |ier cent. Both same medium., of sound. TIreiv is a bias* time Ire frowned. ' Wtu he to he dUmrl* d 
enjoyed tire enviable dlatioclion of la-ing these hauks wen? tauronized by Bardsley. ociolrivnnce precisely like an Aralrein motto again hr a couple of interloper* at his table’ 
one of the so cal led "artivc banks” dtsig- ami isuli pwtrunizixl him. For the privilege front lire Koran. Undoubtedly Unit is the But a* lie glanced at them his frown changed, 
nninl by ordinance of Council as a dcp<»- of being made " actlvu" tanks, they complal- instrument giving forth that wtui that re- for tire girl suggested another girl of u-n 
itory of city and State inmrey An “active sandy allowed "Honest John four per seaiblus lire cry of the muexzln from tire yean ago. ami lire young man with licr wa* 
tiank*" mean* one selected In receive tho cent interest upon lire dcfxwils of city funds, minaret. I must look the motto up. And just sireb a felluw as Ire hud been. By that 
daily di-podls from lire City Tn a-urei , and wlivu tlie law proiubitn] him from roreiving tlrere u also lire arbitrary sign af Mans, used, time tin- waiter was bonding over them, 
generally to receive 0*1 chposil and supply the a pinny! Other Ijwnks did lire siuire, al- I have im> doubt. In war music. SI range in I guin* I'll lake some lemonade— pink 

running cadi of the city's biiMnesa. The law though not pitying lire same rale of Interest. «U**l! I woniler that no one ever tbnuglit of ciren* lemomide.” lie heard Irer say lu a 

authorities Mich banka to krrp on depuait at It may Is: said of these two hnuks tlial llrey lire Idea before. Tire sign of Hygeiu. too. pica— d way 

one timoof the city's money #400,000. When conspired together to trick lire National Btuk most have sonrelhing to do with theatrical " Beer, "added her ciimponinn, briefly, 

tho run Iregan upon the Isuik it was found Exurniiier. Whenever Mr Drew made hi* star* IK-ar nre' dear me!” quoth tire l'ro- The listener wished that be had some pea 

that Mr. BarxLley hail nearly #fluil, (MX) of cily appearance at the Keystone Bank with bis feasor, ulna-utly. "wliat i* a Iheatrical slar nut* mi a* to keep her company, and he list 
money on depwil there, of llrelf not a very asMstauU. for the usual examinallon of llie anyway?" Tire little man was oblivious to hi* mustache to keep from Mulling at tin 
serious transgression, hut it rauM-d eninnrent hank'* condition, Marsh would engage Drew ull else but tire wonderful shapes of liras* on thought. IV* nuts and pink lemonade and 
ami criticism, and out of this lapse from iu conversation, lire elerka would la* bur- the platform before him " Music MMlNpecch Itlmpsodic llongroire Number Two" 

strict adherence to tire law by " Honest ried off lotlie Spring Gordon, und return with arc allied thmugli the sanir mediums of What a combination! Tire gir I at tire table 

Joint "grew the pressure tbut fluidly pricked #:Xi.tMXi to #A0,(NXi in casli.whali was tdaced wamd. Gout I' 1 must nmke a tmle of that whispered something to her escort at whi<-4t 

the bubble anti laid hure tire fraud- Appar- on the receiving teller's table, a* if II befongrel The expression of tlic vocal character* is he smiled, and il w as a very bright 
ently the hunk wa* sound in tlie eyes of iu u> the Keystone, and. of course, was counted allied to the strains evoked front musical in- so full of bappliuas that ho who looked ou 
aistor bunk* in lost December, for they tided it by Drew as part of its own "cat.lt ou band", strumoil* of Uic ouure form. Wonderful, rose abruptly and went aofily out. 



JUNE 20, 1801. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


463 


TIIE THREE CORN' KRKD BOAT- 
HACK AT NEW LONDON. 


CORNELL— UNIVERSITY OK PKXNSYLYA 
K1A— COLUMBIA. 

Tiik IkNt cornered rate. June 35th,iu this 
tmt it called. b certain to prove the «M 
iiilcnsting tint yt.tr of liny sine* tire crews 
fir-t a me together. The flrttcigfaKwml race 
between I hew three college* euw <ill in Iwtt, 
when ' 'unirll t on, with Columbia it dote tee. 
and. but with tin' miwt thoroughly • pumped 
out "crew imaginable. Columbia'* work lint 
•cwnti W3u> milly remarkable. for. mittiraMy 
trained on they were, they made u him! fight, 
ami pulled • very plucky race. L»»t year 
Columbia hud no crew, and Cornell defeated 
tire I'uiventliy of Pciimiylvitiilu in very good 
time. Tlii* year each one of the three col- 
lege* boa mode mi CHpecial elTorl, and I be re- 
sult t* thtec of tire list crew* they hove yet 
turned out. Ctilutnbia particularly tin* made 
a great advance over previous year*. Sire 
li lt had it level headed captain nnd a loach 
who hut lieeti drilling the men in the Oxford 
stroke, with » fnw deviations Tim crew in a 
light one, but hua uhowB in practice a very 

C i-hI turn of upend, ll tough the men have tlie 
uil fuult of letting tlrelr slides go and heud- 
iog tlrelr arm a* noon a* they put jiowar on 
tin- «sr. Tlirir reucb in not good cither, ami 
there is nut tlut owing direct from the hips 
that should be aero. Tire crew ha* made 
great improvement siltce going to New lam- 
doit, wlrerc it it luting coaaMul by Mr Apple. 
gate, of the 'Hfl and 'K7 crews— mid an ex- 
tremely good oar. Tbu crew is mode up: 


atroka II. 8. to .... 
N<* 5 A. I*. I'rliu**, TO . . 
•' • II I'. XtelU- lio.n, V4 
•• 6..U. W. Mvteslte, 

•• I .. W. II. lino Uw. ... 
•• l,.T, h Chrjiiie, W ... 

•• j w. a. iwmi, vs . 
»»•* r J.Oakea.lB 
fut'li. A T. Hasten, M ... 
Oatw. W. N Toliitiir, Vi 
“ --It M. Uw 


All except A. 4, 2, and Glgnoux li*ve rowed 
on their clam crews, ami tt und 3 have pulled 
tug of wur. No mini oil lire crew lias ever 
lieforo rowed a 'varsity nice. Tire new hIhII 
purchased from Waters huu proved ton large, 
m> the crow will Ire handicapped by rowing 
in an old boat. 

Cornell, as literal, has a fart crew, rowing 
in form distinctively iu own Tins comus 
ibnl, of course, hy CourlDey. ils enoeb, he- 
log a single sculler, und the men are natural, 
ly taught a sculler's stroke. They have very 
Rule body swing, and their arms ure bent al- 
most as soon as the |iowcr is put on; but 
they get in powerful leg wnrk, and tlrelr 
slide la lung. Tire crew la made up : 


Ikvff K A. flriaih. L R 

Ku.l II A IVn.Afcl.'Sl 

•• S..4 M Well.-, Cull talc. W 
•• 4 T W lllll. M. 

-nor. Wur ere, *4 

- s..r.w. Kr%r,v» 

“ t,,A W. Mae - - — 
meAe U-P. V 
Ca»ta.«.P.A-. 

Uni.. C. J Bur, Vi 
“ ... W. Youug, V 




B.*h Its 

» *S 

S.l HU 



B.ll l«l 
B.IS l« 


Griffith has been III. and muv low Ills 
place; If so, W Young. IB, age, Si . height, 
5.10; weight 165. will lake bis place, lie 
rowed No. 7 In tire VII Freshman crew l*-t 
year, tiring the oldest ami heaviest man in 
(lie boat. Griffith would lie a loss, for lie is 
tbo strongest man in the boat. This i* the 
third year for Xu. 3 in that seal, and Inst 
year lw was captain, lie Is a very valuable 
man, being a good inr us well as coach. 
No. 8 is in Ids wowd year, is likewise a 
strong oar, and n good sternly capture, No. 
4 was on last year - * crew. No. 5 rows in a 
elrell for tire flret time this year, amlalihongh 
a novice, gives strong indications of making 
a good oar Kelley . till has Ireeu rowing 
Nn 6, but is not sure of the (dace He wilv 
captain ami No. 3 in lire Krtsbin.ui crew lant 
year, and U at praam t probably rowing in 
nrtter form than any other lauu in the boat. 
Harr has also been rowing No. 6, Msg Kel 
try's rival for Ibnl place He uut iu that seat 
in the IK5 Freshman crew, and has strength 
and endurance N« 7 rowed at 5 on last 
year's "varsity Stroke U a good man, cape- 
itenerd ami sternly Coxswain Mrvtcd tin 1 
Freshmen In victory U*t year, and lues good 
judgment ami a cool head 
Tire University of Pennsylvania crew bus 
good material, mid ought to pull into fast 
form in the hist few day* of it* work at New 
Loudon. Tbu crew is made up: 


W.’nfci IM|U 

Boo. It W Owen 1M MIR 

N». «. J. II. Rueknuu )IU ail 

•• S. W II. W.ntOM.n ,.1» H 

“4 Ml. .. 1«4 ailR 

“ t..fc U llarvry, Captain.. ITS aiR 

“ « W K. kn* ITS S1IR 

•• 1..J W. A ilani* lln ail 

MimhaP. ■. Ilaacoek... V4B S * 

Coils. U. L Wrlghi M a.r 

Sllh K I' (Irin-ili IKi «*R 

*' ....U A. Vahlisoj .. ■ IBS S.S 


Hancock rowed No 8 lust year, ami was 
mil> on the Freshman crew which won from 
Yule. Harvey, rapiuin. wu» No. 5 Ini year 
and No. 7 in his class crew. Wan gum an was 
No. 4 last year ami bow . filled tame mat for 
bis class two years Tbo crew is a set of 
large, bard-muscled men. tluit average 170 
pouuds, and Is tire btaivUst the U. of P ever 
Milt out. They never go to the training table 
ubuI Urey reach New Loudon, and In tbut 


Tcspoct are at a disadvantage with tire other 
crews, Their IhkM was built hy Waters, un 
dev Ellis Ward’s special directions. Tire 
wa*h Uuirti-aiv longer limn the average shell 
un ueeount of the Jreigbt of men. and tire 
lock* are Ward - new uuii cnih .ttfslr- Tire 
uars are also of Ward’s make. 0 feet H inehv* 
lung, with u 42 1 button. C. W W. 


A MUSICAL FABLE. 

Ix a guy nml sunny luirn-yard 
Grew a i bold rooster once. 

So retiring, all the chickens 
Shuniitd him as n tedious dunce. 

Till their srtim at length nnuuHtl him. 

And he swore un tNilh: "I’ll show 
What a fund of wit Is In me: 

1 will learn n comic crow!” 

And lie practised uud be practised 
Till Ire learned hia comic crow. 

Tlren, I*. hold: he found his music 
Won him straightway great renown. 
“After all." olwcrvcd lire chickens, 

'• Merrier birds are few in town," 

Aud they daily Ibaketl to lieur him. 
Followed wherosoe Vi he’d go. 

Mm le n very lion of him— 

Curhius lion with a crow— 

Cried, cnrnptuni]. "Was there em 
Such a truly comic crow?” 

Hut lx-fore he'd eourutvl a year otit, 
Ftsbloo in lire barn yard changed, 

Ami the chickens said; Tin* rooster 
Manifestly is dcrangetl. 
lie can do one thing, mid does it 
Till we re bored to death, you know,” 
So they cut him. ami the outcast 
Wheezed alone ilia comic crow. 

Spirits, lungs, anil feather* foiling. 
Died at last with one fuliit crow. 

Yo». and that’s the way to do It, 

Human wug or clinntK'hvr: 

If ttertfiiUK-c you have a future 
Which you don't at ipl hold dear. 
t)r would leas vow f Hands, ami y< n-o 
After everylhlng's gone wrong. 

Profit hy a rtssUcf'- story, 

Lenm a single comic song 
Two in lime would sctve tire purfuisc. 
Better Iriirn one comic song, 

M. A. ok Wolfs Ituwn, Jen. 



A STATUE TO HON. S. S. COX. 

Ton statue of S. t>. Cox which is to Ire 
eretted ill Aslor Plate was reftiM-d a place 
in lire Park It was designed l>y a young 
weiu«n to whom ting of the letter tairrters In- 
It 'retried ill getting the sUluc ereeletl brought 
letters, ami in tliU way livcnnw Inicrestouku 
her ami her woik The statue is nut a gts sl 
piece of work, ami tire altitude has beta said 
to suggest that Mr. Cox was hailing a pim-mg 
street car. 

Almost immediately after the death of Coo- 
grcNtman H. S. Cox a concerted movcim ut hy 
tbu b. tier carriers of Uic Called Stale- was tin 
tlcrtaken to erect a statue to his memory ill tire 
city of New York. A cum uil I tee was form 
etl for this purpose a* follows : George 11. 
Ncwimhi. chairman: Thomas Murphy, trea- 
surer, William F Retd, corre-puudiiig sec ro- 
tary ; Jointw McVev. Bernard s Kennedy, 
Micluu l T llsruey. and Janie* Greer. An 
npfN'nl was inuile for n uniform subscription 
of two dollar- per capita of the corps, ami 
nearly $10,000 ««» thus raised. 

A roni|wtitniu was (heu invited and among 
the several rnni)w4lli£ sculptora Mis- Ixxiiae 
Ijiwmoii was aw urtled the conlrarl nearly a 
y ear ago. The statue, in bronze, h fcrl high, 
'surmounting a granite pedestal 10 feel, will 


be unveiled on tire Fourth of July in front of 
the new Mi-rt-antib- Library — .i idle embraced 
in lire district which Mr ('ox *o long reprv 
sroirfl Iii < 'on grewa - TbL memorial, acocplctl 
nfler a good deal of advtrae criticism from 
rlvitl anisU and eeulptoro. commemorales 
Mr Cox'* zralous endeavors in Wasliiiigluu 
it* secure eight hour* a* the legal work-dsy 
of Ibe letter carrier It is Mi** Ltwson’s first 
wit direr statue in this (mtlnr. mid the uuly 
one fay n ecu! plies* in New York. 


WILLIAMS HAIR. 

BY K. K, Ml'NKITTItlCK. 

1 jikt him on the ferry-hoat. Ho was sit- 
ling With hi* leg* created, swinging the foot 
that w us off the floor in a sort of preoccupied 
way. a* i hough nothing in particular en- 
grossed lus mind, except that lively blew of 
pIcatMire one experiences when Ixunuward- 
bwuid ufU:r a day of hard work in the ran- 
hlmg. dusty city. 

Whim 1 took a soot beside him he did not 
appear to be [utriirularly glad to an lire, ah 
though I Itad not man him for several months. 
1 cone hided thut lie »» deeply irrttaietl over 
soniuthlng that had recently happmed. aod 
iu I his conjecture I *oon learned that I whs 
right, for he suddenly brought hi* baud down 
on Ids knee mill exclaimed, 

“Great Gnoar!” 

Then Ire at smldenly paused, and rernvod 
burled in thought. Hut hb> silence was ool 
of long tlurailun, for lie aguio brought Ids 
baud down on his knee, ami nil, with great 
emphasis, 

"Itl* just unbearable, and 1 don't auppoM.- 
it will ever slop." 

“ I trust nothiug has gone wrong with you,” 
I sold, as soothingly os I could. 

*' Nothing has gone wrong exactly," he 
replied, “but I don't suppure It will ever 
stop us long a* be lives. " 

It was i in possible to gum* the cause of hi* 
trouble from ids remark*, and 1 fell lliat it 
would be nn knt|)CTtiiieuce to Ijurslion biUi, 
even when bo «sl«l. alnma leorfully, 

“It made me feel very small and cheap, 
before all tile jx.-oplr pre-rent." 

And ufier a munieiit'* pause lw continued, 
in the same emphatic vein. 

“It make* me mad all over whenever I 
think of It.” 

TIwd he jwussd. and seemed quieted, ami 
I thought 1 might do him a kinduot* by di- 
verting ills thoughts from tbe uuplnuiiiit 
suliject that scrimtd to noaoy Itlm -o irersist 
cully. But before 1 could change Uic Mil), 
jeet In such a way as uot to make it loo ap. 
jureut, he turuetl to me nnd said. 

I bud a sad experience today.' 

I told him I was Tory aorry to hear II 

'■ Yes,” be continued.as Uiuugli It was' a 
relief to make it known, "it was sud, ami 1 
shall not soon forget the laugh at my ex 
pen so. I tau bear it yel You sec I went 
down to my father's omcc— " 

*' 1 see.” I replied. And when I made this 
reply I could only think of the pleasant ex- 
iK-riciicea a boy usually bo* whet) h« vLklS 
Ins fiitlicr'B udloc. especially on KutunJay. 
and tint i* about Uic only dny upon which 
he can make such a visit— bow he goo* out 
to luDclieou with III* father, and demands 
straw lacreics and ice (ream, and every other 
delicacy for which l»e bos u wcukuos. nnd 
how he wbocdlos a biure-ball and a tennis but 
out of his father on tbe slreugtb of the fart 
that he ha* Just recovered from a severe at- 
tack of scarlet fever, and thiu be (tbe fallrer) 
sliouhl Illustrate the gratitude that he feels 
or pretends to feel by tome suUuuitiiU pur 

" Aral then," he continued, while he trem- 
hled with c mot ion, “ta soon as I entered the 
olllcc. where I fnuiul a number of toy father's 
friends congregated, bo said • William, w hy 
In tire world don't you go und get ytMir hair 
exitT It Is curling up hehlod like the |ieiul of 
u liger-lily. and it makes you lot>k stale and 
old. Then there wus a loud kaugb, and I 
felt very mean ” 

I moiic no comment, nnd lie proceeded : 

“ My father tlicu noticed tliut my trouser* 
were hogged u» tire kirec*. and called tbe at- 
tention of hi* friends to it, und started an- 
other laugh, a great deal louder uud longer 
than the first, uud not Ireing Ksitdli-d with 
this. Ire tohl tue tu get my Mioes hlacked, aud 
till* provoked another oiitl»ir*t HU parting 
wrurds were. ‘Go uud have your shoes black 
cd at a burlier '» *hofi. and have jour buir cot 
at tbe same time.’ When I left, I half mode 
up my tniitd not to go to my father's ulllcc 
■gain, 

ils I didn't say anything iu reply, lest by 
denouncing tbu act of tire father I Wound the 
feeling* of Ure mm, he went un 

' What made me particularly mad was Uie 
allusion to my hair. and hi* brusque ofl-bninl : 

' William, why in the world don t you go and 
get your hair cut? Thu*.- -crageily locks give 
you an old. stale, worried look that ill Ire- 
come- you.' You ure, he never tau get over 
the fact that I am b \*hay. and tlut Ire -Ireuld 
treat me now just as be did when 1 was ten 
year* old Time bos not changed In- idea* a* 
regard* the relation* of parent and child a list, 
lie wuuUl (Link It proper to order me to bed 
without supper now if I did anything to dl*. 

E leone him. The idea of his lelliug me my 
ibg hair moke* ure look old. and here I tuu 
only sixty-three.'' 

'• And how oh! is he?" 1 naked. 

” He? Why, he Is eighty six : aod to bear 
him talk to me Juki would auppcMC I wu* 
about twelve. Ob! oh! how thcee friends of 


hi* huighcd when he told me to have my 
luur cut ' I was never so exasperated in my 
life before " 

'• And what did you say in reply?” I asked. 

-8»v? 1 scarcely kirew what to ray,” he 
replied, "co account of ray anger; fa, it final- 
ly l mud: I will have It cut to-morrow to 
pleaxc you. I am ire* surprlswl that you 
kImhiIlI notice the stale old look my long 
wragglly luilr gives me. and 1 am m>t sur- 
firiacd lliat you are pained to sue me looking 
no Male and old. when you ore so young mw! 
vigorous yourself?' ” 

THE TROUBLE IN HAITI. 

BY STKI'IIKN HON SAL. 

Tnn fHililical outlook Lu Haiti, while tret- 
ha|« uot more stormy tlun during Huy peri 
od of tlw |**-t century, can hardly bt> (l t .|i , M ,i 
a* serene or naoumnag, General 1 f i pywsJs t*- 
ha* succeeded in suppressing a little r«v»bi- 
tion of General Sully Guerrier. leaving a I'iv- 
sldeutial |MMuibility iIioIhms in IIicIiukT Gen- 
eral ilip|Mj|yte, it b raid arltd with great 
moderation.' Ure rvvulullon broke out on 
Corpus Cliristi Day in I'ort au 1‘rince, and 
only about two hundred men aud buys, prin- 
cipally unanncil. nro suJil to have lost their 
live*. In view of these facta, not- can readily 
understand why tlM’ Haitian pres*. nml in ca- 
pacially those orenns most friendly i«. his in- 
lereaU. ciiaraclciixc the pre-cut President in 
« mlld-liumuered, genial gentleman, nml one 
who, owing t" great benevolence of icm|K-r- 
amenL is hunlly filled to piny a rOle Ju the 
•tern poll) led life of lire Black Republic. 

General llippolyte in about sixty year* of 
age. aod of cual black complexion. He U 
the jmlilical idol of the pure black*, IIIICOD- 
tamioaUd by creak marriages. General 
Ire-gitimc. whom lie dhiplacud, wu* a mulat- 
to. and the hope of the creole |>opuli>ii..ri 
Politic* are Mill aomewhat primitive in Haiti, 
aud lire color of n candidate'* complexion i» 
more closely regarded than the plauks in his 
platform Hlp|»lyte 1* the sot of a proml- 
neot Haitian prahwor, who waa educated 
in Uie normal achool* of »ancc at tire < x 
iieiiM! of bin gnvsmmeat, and on hi* return 
founded a inlliUry rollogB at Cape Haitian, 
which is Mill Iho liHial prominent wluation- 
al institution on tire i*lnnd. He hux ruled 
over tire Black Republic for over a year, uud 
though bis away bn* been disputes! in three 
revolutions und four uporndic riot*, he *cem» 
still quite firm lu the PreakleniUl chair. Mr. 
lluunibal l*ricc. the llaytian minister to Lhi* 
country, luu informed a newspaper inter- 
viewer that when CMgrew meet* next month 
General llippolyte will be confronted with 
»omo (ippusttlon to his measure*, but that it 
will all be of a “ healthy " character. 

Of course. General llippolyte d<«i not ex- 
pect to cotnpk'lc Ills l'lesNleUlial term of 
Bix year*, nn ordeal so wvtfo and w> long 
drawn out would snap even the hard tibia 
of a Haitian iKjlitician, seasoned though be 
have lire a ill a hundred revolution* Gcii. 
eral Htpf*dyui luis very nearly completed Ibe 
average term of eighteen months which, hy 
some unwritten law. is allotted In the ll.-d 
liau 1 'resident* to role in. and doulitlewi we 
will sou u m« him following in Ilia wake of 
hi* prodocuMora, Dalomoa and Legitime, sail 
away to Fnri* Uv join with them 1*1 the pur 
suit of fx-PrcsIdetittal pleusunw, and asuumc 
bin proper position a* an liitereMirig fig. 
ure lu that circle of South and Central 
American ex- potentates wire help to make a 
certain section of society life in I'nria plctu- 
revquc. aud who are quite a* worthy nf tire 
biting wit of Daudct as the exlkd royalties. 

The “ passing lu I'ari* " of General Hippo 
lylc would bu obaorved wltb pleasure by tbu 
nuthorUien of our Htatc aod Naval depiut- 
nvenu In Waslilugtrm. wbu diurgr him with 
u breach of faith and failure 1o repay a debt 
of gratitude. Eighteen month* ago IIip|>o 
lyie wn» s um w mii« l oa the ooMfeim slmras 
of the island hy the foro* of General Legi 
time. who enjoyed the active syiii|»lhy of M 
de St^iruusoa* in his attempt’ to usurp the 
Presidency. Ilippalyte would incvilahly 
have been Marvid Into sum.' Oder and siils- 
miasiott hud not Admiral OlN-ranli, acting 
under ofden of our Btate Depart mint, dv- 
claiwl tl«' blockade nf the Bortlreru |»irts of 
Haiti '* illegal, because- ineffective " Adhii 
C an nrarelianlmen then succeeded in landing 
arms and other munition* of war. nf which 
Hlp|H>lyte made such good u*e that within a 
few week* General Ireg'ltiuie had to (uu k up 
Ins Itoxen and leave, while Port au PtIiku 
hailed llippolyte a* Mipieura chief of all the 
lliiilbttiK. 

In return for those gtaxl ofilrn*. the Statu 
and Navy departments of Washington ex- 
ported, and claim hi have knul gix*l reason to 
•Xpert, the cession of tire Mole St Nk-du* 
a* a rivaling Mat ion for our w ar vessel* Gen- 
eral llippolyte ami hi* iniuiMera. however, 
claim to lave a very diflvreut underauuidltig 
of the infnnnul oegotiulion* of lliat lime, and 
the Slate Deimrtineni U iu n-evipt nf a com 
muniosiioa from Miui*u-r Finuiu in which 
the cesaioa of the coaling station as u-qurateil 
i» cniegorlcally ref used. 

It i* only fair to give tire Haitian version 
of tire controversy na 1 find tiio view* of the 
pment govcTimreut ex(>ured i« t licit nows- 
paper orraiis. 

lu a few wired*, tbe Hnitiau* claim that 
wu are not reeking to olmdti a coaling motion, 
but a military and naval arsenal, occupying 
tbe strun^ot ["isslblspoaitbm on tire Inland, 
iiiul tn this <i<3iiui|i.l M. Firm in, (he Mini-iler 
of F<reel|ni Alfaro- bus scut tbutitate lAputl 
tueut a curl refusul. 




UIT OP SEVENTH A VIM UK, NEW YORK.— Deawk nt W. A. Rookiu.— (Sex Pack 4&5.J 





HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


465 


JUNK 20, ISM. 



not to lie regarded as merely an adjunct to the racing mursc, 
hut rather on the contrary. The raring kikiii in of rum- 
parmlively short duration, while the club borne is njien all the 
year. Being only twelve mile* ftont New York City Hall, 
it U within easy reach of the city by horse or Hiram, and it 
is designed to offer uvcml*.*r* nil the attractions of the conn 
try. combining the convenience* <d n city elnli with practi- 
cnlly unlimited room. One need not lie a hoiseninu to en- 
joy and reap the benefit* of thn clul*. nnd it w alio u place 
where ludlra mav visit on racing and any other day*, and lie 
free from tho disagreeable (talnio aiiendiint u|>on other 
large clubs of Ike kind. It is something of a great hotel, 
run exclusively for the club imtmbcra. It Iiuh I wen the idea 
of Mr. Morris nnd lire ev -tillemcn counseled with him in the 
enterprise to adopt the licet features of the English racing 
clulia, which are so great n factor in the social life of Unit 
country. One of the most sinking things of llir ground* is 
the "Irec field." where those who are unable to hear the 
gate expenses may enjoy the races without cost fa them- 
scire*. This point in itself shows the spirit of those who 
find in horse racing n pleasure, and in tbe public stand every- 
thing is done to insure the comfort of everybody. The seats 
are easy, the betting atniid i* roomy, while the dirty little 
sandwich counters nod l»tr- of other tracks ore displaced hy 
a commodious and atlraclivc restaurant, Those are Hie 
poiuta w hich are ijuickly noticed and appreciated, uud which 
go to show the /.ml of the promoters of the courts- lint it 
» the dub-house nnd the pritalc grounds that arc truly mag- 
nificent, and worthy of Hie high* si appreciation uml praise. 

The home, which wa* o|ienrd alxiut the 1st of June, is at- 
tractive hy its artistic simplicity. It is after the style of a 
modem French cbilu-wu, rising fire stories above the ground- 
floor, and all the knowledge and experience of the time* 
have brm utilized lo render it fire proof. ]l is |,Vi f.» i In 
extreme length slid 120 feet la dejKh, containing Oft large 
rooms, not counting tfao ballroom. 

Ttie portico of tile house i* Kciumssnrc in design, anil 
open* into a higli hallway finished iu attractive colors nnd 
marble*. To the rear is a smaller somite hull, darker in fln- 
iab. which lends to the ballroom. During race days this is 
used os a dining hall, but is always ready for dnnr-r* nnd Im- 
immipiu entertainment*. The room i* Mo feet long and BO 
feet in width, unoliatnictrd from one end to the oilier by 
post or pillar It Is a marvel of arebikcluie nnd decorative 
art, rich ami imposing in appennuuv The door i* of |*>l 
isbrd oak, contracting with a ceiling lluil is worked out in 


are different in design 
from one another, ap- 

( taliug to every taste, 
‘rom these rooms a view 
of the truck i« obtalued. 
and a Ix-lated party need 
not forego the pleasures 
of watching the rnevs 
while satisfying their 
hunger. On the second 
floor nnd thow above 
Use ceilings ore low, and 
the hall* are nearly 
square on all four sides, 
lire walls and ceiling* 
being finished In wood. 
There are no carpet* in 
the bouse, rugs being 
used exclusively, and 
Hie enormous propor- 
tion* uf some of the 
rooms mid halls have 
iiccow.il nird the *|>eclnl 
maiiufm'turw of many 


feet long arni !M) feet 
wide will extend from 
end to cud. seamless 
throughout. The 43 bed 
mom* are also n feature 
of the boas.- These arc 
of various sixes for the 
use of incuibrra nnd 
their families. The fur- 
niture U Imre ami simple, and llie decoration* of each 
room in perfect tunic. Some of Umae rooms are large enough 
to servo as reception rooms. If so desired. The building is 
IlgbUst liy electricity, ansi all convrnirnrr* of n hotel are 
tlwic ro l*r found. A howling alley is also beticnth, and per- 
is'tual music can lie furnished by tbe mighty urrb«*irion in 
the ballroom. Tills Insfrumeiil is wakl to lie the largest In 
the world. and was manufactured at a cost of MS.fiOO. It Is 
4" fss t lii length nnd ID in depth, and supplied with all vari- 
eties of music from the La lest walls to a classical overture. 
The cuisine and general manage moot of the bouse arc look- 


A venue Several crow streets ore main streets, om-Ii for 
its own section of this great conglomerate of [■copies and 
tongue*. 

The reason for this l« the fact that Manliattnn Island is 
approached over its surrounding water* from every direc- 
tion with equal Mac and equal force. Tin- inrush of trade 
uuski's the heart of tho island a vortex in which dUuiKiions 
of main and side and hock streets are almost swallowed up. 

In such a swirl it would sue in impossible that any long 
street parallel with the greatest current* of the city should 
remain calm and undisturbed, should pursue its uuuchalant 

Digitized by < 


ctl after by Mr. Adolph Nelson, who admirably perform* tho 
duty. As a club house, the members of the New York .look 
cy Chib ran desire nothing more, and when the general sur- 
rounding* *ud advantages are taken into consideration, tbu 
verdict must necessarily he one of unqualifldd aduuralion 


A WALK ON SEVENTH AVENUE. 

BT DAVID UBAIIAM I’UILLII’*- 

WtiKJt tbe knowledge of most New York [hm>|>1c ns to 
Hcvcutli AveDue l* Mined, it Is found to cousin In ilwsr 
farts— that Seventh Avenue is wide, that it is empty look 
ing; that it extends north and south hot went Sixth and 
Eighth avctiww. 

To this positive if narrow information is added an Im- 
pression or mipk-loa that Seventh Avenue is in some way 
not what it ought to be. Whether this lack is duliies* or 
w irked nuas or urcltwanow, no one can say. Hut all urn sat 
hik'd that Seventh Avenues obscurity is it* own fault, and 
that more extended knowledge of it would In* unprofitable 
Tbe fact la. however, that Seventh Avenue is wi>rthy of 
consideration from llie very peculiarities w hkb have made 
it neglected. 

In every city there i* one sireel which i* entirely givco up 
to retail trade. It* sidewalks are thronged with titru and 
women promensaling and shopping, while lietwrm the side 
walk* carriage and street cars and wagons laden with the 
smaller art trie* of merchandise arc involved in a tangle 
w liirh *1 times become* a block. ThU street is called the 
tuuin street. 

flock from it anil parallel with it are several streets, the 
number being in pro|io(liuu to the sire of the city, which 
have many of the characteristic* of the main street, hut have 
a less degree of nrtivitv Tbe first of there lack street* w ill 
Ik- nearly like the nukt street, the next will ho less active, 
and tbe next will lie more nearly a residenre street. 

Till* simple and natural arrangement of main *tm-l and 
bock streets, with side streets taking coin* from them, will hr 
found in every American city except New Yolk. Here it 
dot* not hold At all. 

Broadway may in a certain sense lie the main street. But 
Fifth Avenue I*’ also a main street — the highway of wraith 
and fashion Third Avenue i* also a main street, and Ninth 


THE CLUB-HOUSE OF THE NEW YOltK 
JOCKEY CLUB. 

Oiuut credit U due to Mr. John A. Morris for il*e coin -op- 
tion and carrying out of the magnificent clubhouse of the 
New York Jockey Club Tills houne is hi* crowning work, 
and nuke* complete the finest rare course in the country. 
The idea of Mr, Morris has been high, hut the achievement 
cannot lie said to have fallen below Hie height of perfection 
aimed at. The club bouse at Morris Park, Westchcatcr, is 


heavy hand* of gold of Ki-tmisuMire design. The wainscot- 
ing nses six feel. mid is of bird'aeye maple. Above IliU the 
wall U.LIncrusta Walton, and a «loep fnexe alaive this is af- 
ter Ten lev*, representing country scenes of festivity. Tbu 
colors arc dark, ami have a tapestry effect The fire-place 1* 
most imposing, with its brood polidicd panel* of hird s-rye- 
uiapte reaching lo tbe ceiling, while uUivc the mantel are 
two portions of marble reliefs representing y oaths dancing, 
singing, and pluying upon musical instrunw-nt*. after the 
celebrated work of Luca Della Robbia. Tliia room opens 
upon a wide ptauo. 
which seal* about one 
lliou'ciod people, from 
whence the memlicrH 
may command a view of 
lint race*. To one side 
of lltc ballroom is a U- 
dse*' reception room, fin 
Uheddf/i Jnjnnrse. Tbu 
wall* ami ceiling* are 
of delicate design, with 
wide panel* of hnniboo. 
The effect in very charm 
ing, the colon soft, and 
ItarmonlxiBg with llie 
furniture and rug*. 
From the main hall run* 
a smoking -ronm. wiUt 
prods of green oak. and 
wall anil rcilluc of Jap- 
anese paper. Here also 
Hie harmony b wonder 
fully preserved, and 
there is a suggestion of 
e-sihetie comfort in it. 
liu the mine floor are 
several smaller dining 
roisn* adjacent to the 
lallroom. Oil tbe floor 
above arc tbe hilliard- 
n Niros, fluislirsl iu ap 
proprinte color*, mid 
there are also ten private 
dining - room*. These 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. 1800. 


460 


way a* a peaceful hunk street. Yi't Seventh 
Avenue li thus tranquil, and even nt lire very 
centra of the wbiil - - Fourteenth Street lo 
Twenty third— it scarcely railed. 

Seventh A venire enn be explained in one 
way only. Each of lire oilier long tlmn line 
lomr definite purpme, is the imiwl for dour- 
ly defined thing*. and together they form n 
Mfleknl outlet for nil that is distinctively 
New York. Seventh Avenue citmo into «■ 
istence hecuuse distance required a loue rtreet 
between Sixth a ud Highlit n venue*. ami there 
fore to it hove drifted people and businera 
enterprise* that Inwi no pwe in the whirl 
You will Hud a little of everything, and not 
any one thing on a great atwle. 

Taken by Itadf. there to nothing except the 
long and wide vlOii to suggest that it is a 
street in a grant city. You have to glance 
over at the towering Imitdings of llrondway 
to ntnim yourself. Even in the busiest 
hour of lire day lire wagon* hnve plenty of 
room, iukI rapid progress may be mode. This 
in Itself is remarkable wlren you consider 
bow many of the veliiclc* that blockade 
oilier avenues might more ounvuntenlly pass 
through here Tire ildewnlk* are little crowd- 
ed when com pur i-tl with tbe sidewalk* of any 
other busirirw street. There Is nn air of In- 
dolence and n lark of hurry that is almost 
like a small town. 

When you come rn inquire into die kinds 
of liusinriucs, you find peculiarity there also 
Of course saloons abound ana thrive, tiie 
comer* being almost all taken by them, hut 
the three Seventh Avenue businesses are gro- 
eerie*, second-hand clothing shops, and base- 
men l shoe shop*, where more shoe mending 
Ilian shoe- selling is done 

I imagine Uiat if a small man from n smidl 
town wi n- to move wiili Id- fumily into New 
York, lie would gravitate to Seventh Avenue 
anil stnrt a grocery Indeed, it must he that 
such |wreons. of moderate prosperity and of 
much con linn, routing in the post from olbrr 
countries ami from oilier part* of this coun- 
try. have segregated in Seventh Avenue a» 
Mnull grrmriw or petty iletder* of one kind or 
another: for Seventh’ Avenue, crowded with 
little shops from its beginning lit the slums 
almost to Fifty-ninth Street, is a series of 
m-igliliorbonds, each pregnant with gossip 
nrul tittle mule, each dotted with doorway 
hotKMibbiog*, 

I went into a delicti or more shops there 
tire other day. A* I opened euoli door, n bell 
rang in Uic back of the I nurse This some- 
times brought the proprietor to view, hut 
niorj ofk'tt canned a child to dart from wintc- 
wherc hack to the sidewalk, and call in a 
grown person from a chattering or argument- 
ative grout). Once 1 could rouse iioJn«iy at 
nil. ami niter I had mp]ivd loudly upon a 
•how case several Urns*, tin* man who kept 
the elwp next door came in. lie said the 
proprietor luul gone lo get a drink, and 
imd asked him to watch the store. " ] don't 
know tin- price of any thing, "be added. *• but 
If you do. I might sell It to you I gtira* It 
would lie all right. " if 1 luul not heunl the 
reminding rumble of an elevated train. I 
should hare forgotten that it was New York. 

The shop keeper* ail have their families nl 
hand, and generally several other families 
also, for Seventh Avenue is almost a tene- 
ment house street, It is prohnhle that ll does 


moat of the cobbling for the west side. The 
cobblers and their families live in the hxse 
inent*. ansi you descend to them, guided by 
signs at tlte liead of the inwefiMuit stain. 
Buxines* is so leisurely Unit you will And the 
cobbler asleep, and Use baby whittling ids 
bench with n shoe knife. 

The dealers In second Itand clothing are iib 
■ mnw a» rhe grocers They are hidden 
in iH-hind a curtain of ■' pants'' hung across 
the door. They are sharp at a bargain, l>nt 
arem to expect less prirra than such dealers 
lit other ports of the city. Second hand cloth- 
ing shop* everywhere have a descried nir; 
here they seem thoroughly nt home. 

You «ui get good groceries cheap in Sev- 
enth Avenue, chcaprr than anywhere else in 
the city. So you ate not surprised to find 
in the side street* hut off the avenue many 
boarding houses where lodging amt meals of 
a rcapectabto but fnr from luxurious kind are 
to I*- had nt very low rates. And in these 
boarding houses you And the best claw of 
people to whom Seventh Avenue is lire out. 
let. Here are clerks and shop girls, who are 
honest, and rat great store by their respect 
ability. They have little money to upend; 
they are not ambitious; they wear " Sunday 
clothes. ' and looked drwaed up. Those who 
feet mik'd upon to tie tough limi it possible 
to do it dimply and noisily in the seventh 
Avenue saloons. Tire re arc back rooms for 
women, where •’gent*” are not allowed un- 
nceomponicd by ladies. aud where they may 
nut smoke. 

But the chief life of Seventh Avenue— «*- 
pccinlly- in warm weather— comes from tire 
colored people. They treed to promenade in 
Sixth Avenue, which still bear* n name rein 
inisrent of that time, hut now they have de- 
serted Sixth Arenue, and make Seventh Av- 
enue gay of summer erasing! with tlrelr loud 
laughter and good nalured remark* They 
are the chief |«»trons of the second • hnnri 
■hop*, a* tli* loud pattern* of the curtains of 
" panU" plainly show. You may see some 
curious cost iimrs on the streets a* the result 
of this patronage ansi of the exubenutl tastes 
of the negroes. 

Seventh Avenue goes to bed early— earlier 
than tray other part of the city. After ten 
o'clock the policeman turn rather a solitary 
time of it. except when the tough clerk* are 
nut harmlessly proclaiming their devilish- 
nem And yet Seventh Avenue ha* been the 
scene uf many murder*. This is durato tire 
early quiet of it, making It a good place for 
robbery with the aid of tbc knife and lire 
mndliug 

There were once many dangerous saloons 
Imre, and aim some notorious concert balls, 
hut only a few of them remain, and the pu 
lice do not allow thrm to disturb five early- 
Itluinbeftag inhabitants. Hven the Tub of 
Hlocsl ' lias become fairly decent Tlrere 
are halfway outbreak* nt tlic frequent hulls 
given by sundry " associations'* of not over- 
savory characters. But neither the nsaociw- 
t Iona nor the guests ttl tire bull* belong to 
Seventh Avenue. 

A* tire years pass, Seventh Avenue ln-come* 
duller and duller It seems to In; drifting id 
together out of touch with New York life. 
This is a necessary result, for Seventh Av- 
enue is the only lull in the storm— the solitary 
great “hock struct." 



Trig iitscrsstos nr thesr columns of tire 
rules which will be applied to yachting in 
this country in tlic future, begun MrtMi weeks 
ngo. ntM netressrily be deferred temporari- 
ly. from I bo pro wore of the racing event*, 
hut will lie resumed at an early date 

Tur, niSM'i.T enunro from the sharp diri- 
■ion now exist I hr between 1 lie rne ing and n««s- 
rnclng treat*— tire practirnl exclusion of the 
owners of the latter from lire excitement nnd 
interest of racing— i* a matter wtiieh hn* en 
gaged the eurnrol ntlentimi of those Interested 
in lire future of the sport, and various rein- 
ed Ira liars been suggested. In my opinion, 
relief must lie sought In the direction of 
■’ Cruiser*' Haras '' aud •• Hanilirnpti." which 
latter nre in Uii* country nt present an almost 
unknown quiuitity. The EiUu-ra Yacht Club 
at it* Kpring regalia made an effort (not oa- 
iwcialty Kiicccwftill in this direction Thi* 
partial' failure «r<i*r, not from any lack of 
good will or intent, but from n lack of the 
knowledge of the condition* neccsaary to be 
applied to insure successful handicaps 

llan-lica|M were first brought prominently 
forward in England in 1875 (by lire Isle of 
i’lirtieck Yacht Cltib). Tlrey arose (** now 
in tlikw country) from the nccmauiie* of tire 
situation, the club, on organization, em- 
bracing boats of grant diversity of tonnage 
mid model, arid it being <HfliruH to class them 
for club rare* naiisfvtorily. An examina- 
tion of Uie English Yachting Animal for 
i«7B shows but eleven hand imps sailed in 
all Hngtnnd during the preceding year of 
which live were given by the I. O 1* Y C. 
The rules adopted by that dub, ns neceraary 
to insure successful handicap*. have stood 
tire tied of time, and in substance nre in fores 
to-day. A member of lire mnnnkUec which 
a ‘■si-tiil in preparing the rub-* lui* drawn up 
in del nil. at the request of lire Corinthian 
Yacht Club of New York, for tire club liook 
«m Routine * Jnrt Issued, a rat nf standard 
rule* fur bnudicupv l'bc necessity for each 


of tire provisions thereof having liecn shown 
by experience., compliiuice with Thera should 
result in successful rurx-i. Willi a view to 
affording opportunity for a fair trial for 
hsodieuj)* in these water*. I uppend them 

STANDARD Kl'I.K* FOR HANDICAP MATCH KM 
of I'll I! CORINTHIAN YACHT CtCtr Of NKVV 
YORK. 

I. IUiiiIs-sjm ron*t tw llinkul hi ;arhl* Muaging to 
Hi- rtsti gliliig Hit- saiuK 

II. Tim banritompra «r fe«nitir»pp»r* =i»t lie * 
wwliiM r»f KKHtlra of Uie cluh- 

III. Tlii-lin.iiillrjp(vri>r haiKtliwpfan -hall have on- 
lit- oiolml nl ' 


i»!IOU«* ***111 h» i«»-n 1 « jrmrliln of lltj rtg, 
jw ur <1 :•**«* i-anurnertl In hnoJnnti* ik] 
I lull* *»■ t<> "iic nl I--OU, vis. ; 1 1 clsmsl 


lllg letigll. "—1, m I . 

m. Or W fiwf ; l.nv 


1 In- (llatlllMi'nl «inoi.( 

4 llm mm nf III* wli.iilny nm in urn clam. 

ot hnmllc*p|>n> ibikI p*e|ii!c. 
•• nnffA, l*n v nui til nilnw. 


•rn— iMtiKiini-lr. 

Vltl. Tlrelwatloipi 
hiltvmaliiiti conenrulng Ihn . 


I'li 1 • • ■■ * ■ i- 1 • i--'.- I _■ "■ i. 


IX T*«- Mi an iSiall tmn-'»lu*W-c«*-i 
X- /nmofu'W* nflui Ihu MarU*s-gliii Um ham 
CK4*r or iMintkwmwr* m <ni tli.«i-.->, snnpraeU, iv 
judgnl lire! Mlletl U 


illl|M>tillg In 


in III (In.- I> 

III" <04100 

XI. Itiuiillrapfvr* inns li««s m> |mr»mi 
nut twill Minus In * inMch Bader n-dt i 
All Thoocsh-ot gMnon* t-iiliKi« ai 
mi".— nml nil ili.-tlilrlV-iu (nr ditto rMnt n 
XIII IYiiKU* »uU he it< ll»r«i»l la writ 
ml to llirJMl iii|» Caoanilltli" of tlir li all, Wl 
InOf Iiihi» *lm-* oomptellug Mo tosi*. t 
ol fin m mux ha x.'Vwd with ait| p»n»r 
o - Lh-ly [arfdM In l«w ti“ <•( llm rlali l 
I* h--M III Ihu Kalllmr ‘ 'utuulthn- on uXi 


YACIITrNO IKTKKKKT IN Till* COtriCTUV 
unquestionably oeuliv* to day in the 441 foot 


chua.and wliile It may seem radi to prophesy 
among so many new boats, 1 am strongly of 
the lmpreni.il m that at the end of the m inton 
h will be foiitwi Unit in the dual test— prixe- 
w Inning tlrey will stand approximately a* 
follow* fur the moons Irere given: At the 
head of tire clas* I should bracket NmUilti* 
and Jhrbitw. An examination of the nub 
lUlu-d *hecT plan and midship section of .Vnu. 
till** indicalc* u marked *iniilnrity of design 
to .Mineral and Tnrmtt. lull with a some 
what greater proport ionme beam, and, of 
enure*, with (over Minrmt) treiil advaiilage 
in liglitnes* of coiMtriiction It eoti Id Imruly 
fall Ihnt w Mkilful a desigarr a* Wintriug- 
ham should have been iui|ires»ed with the 
embodiment <if Iheorv exhibited before hi* 
eyes in the hull of iurntu— constructed by 
him on Fife, dun flcaign* Inal year— witli 
the great similarity between thi* bowl mid 
iff serai, and with the unparalleled record of 
i'arma last wwson nn lire lakes, If Xautiln*. 
ns I cofitidc-ntly expert, is ui the end of the 
reason at the head nf the clam. It will Ire an 
object -lemon in the ml vantage* of "free 
trade " in yachts and designs which should 
of itself defrul any *orli IrgiilnUon n* Sen- 
ator Fry 's proposed bill. 

" Barbara " 1 rnackrt with " Naim- 
Lra." for Fife, wlm I* very wide awake, bus 
pul into her more "American idea*" than 
lie did \n Minrmt. The SUlenrenl that Min- 
rrrvi embrace* • • American Idea* " is not mere 
patrrotism; even mcual inspection show* a 
wide departure from tire lines of corre 
spending EnglUi boatc— my “ten -raters.'' 
luirlxtnt also, her sailing length being nlioiit 
IM feet, will receive a very cmisidcnblc 
amount of lime from tire exponent* of “ pow- 
er ' in the class, which should enable Iter lo 
win. In ibi* respect .Yrwfi7iu is also n gain- 
er. the Mimllcr sail plan Ireing p-iwible by 
mson of Irer finer litre*. Next in the class 
I slrould he inclined lo place (ilvritina and 
Siftm.ira, OUtrinna. possibly, because she 
I* partly *ii unknown quunlily . ami Sajpmnra 
purtly ?rom the aduiinihte way in which die 
will doubllcsk Ire sailed (which amounts lo 
more in the souller da***-* than most people 
would credit), and partly because sire I* the 
most modern of the Burge** Ixatta, and will 
I lave to concede lies time tbnu some of tlic 
other bout*. 

•• Jwic*," ■' MtNROI.A." AND " OWESRK " 
should UII (he middle division of lire clan*, 
nml, a* I am inclined in think, in tire order 
named, though pmuihly- .tf/usol-r may do l<-t- 
Icf tl mu Jmtftt, us indued slie should from 
lighter cniiMrurtiou i Jttrie.t having cross 
rat the ocean), and from Irer being "railed 
harder. '* AmrHk, with liei 4700 feet of 
rail area, must give lime lo the entire class. 
Whether die can <Ui it. if, a* h piol-al.lv tire 
foci, alio lured* all Irer motive power to’ pro- 
pel Irer "power "(to-called). may lie dmilrud 
Thi* leave* ( 'lira and Ikulrt* unpbcoJ. Of 
these. I'nnt */wnl,l la- the lust of tire class. 
Time allowance is uuivermlJy racognitcd a* 
liot iM'iug coni|renaalinu for shorter wuier- 
liuc length Tire iwxicpicd rule U. ax is well 
known, that within economic limit* oppor- 
luuity for speed vain* *s lire square root of 
I- w. I. A* i* equally well known, time al- 
lowance replace* only a fraction of this dis- 
advantage (varying from fifty to sixty per 
cent, iu the different club*). 


"UviRA " brinu i n hi. i: rrkt shorter on 
the water Hire tlmu tire oilier* in tire class, 
tlrey should certainly dispose of her easily. 
It I*. however, mure than douUful wlu tht r 
they tnn do so frt'ro * corrected mi-usutv 
lireol is I some iv lint under) 50 feci: dBmi 
will figure out (ray) 57 feel, aud Ownwi fail- 
ing length will lie IuIhmiI) ,V> fret (with her 
4000 feel *a)l area) These difference* rapre- 
seut, over a 2A mile eourra. the following time 
allowances: by birth Lire N. Y. Y.C and the 
ticnvmnbak* riik*,fl niinulc* 4U seconds, and 
4 minute* 57 second.* rrtqwrelively ; and l»y 
the Hurt' rn and C. Y. t'. of N. V. rule*, 7 
minutes 44 seconds, and 5 minute* 41 seronds 
respectively In uiy opinion, slic will make 
a close race for the high-powered licats. 
Btutrit, lire only centre lnx*nJer. earn** a 
weight of reaponstMiity It may Ire fmrly 
assumed that she represent* ud Ihnt ix best 
in tire centre- Irnard model Her designer (Mr 
Burgess) alnndH at tbc heart of Uic world as. 
n dxwqjinrr in the large centre tmard classes. 
Hi* skill in lire ]sa»l ha* permitted our reten- 
tion of lire greiil inlernalional yadil trophy; 
but I think that Ml Burgos himself would 
shrink from predicting in wliut piMitiou 
among bis four representatives in the 4ft- foot 
racing clits* lirttlnjr will finish the wawin. 
Iu light airs, very posubly, die will finish 


bout*. 


the lop of tire claw, and sJie may sur- 
s all by beating Mr. Burge**'* kcei 


The growth ovtachtino in ibis country 
is. to *ny the te»M.{cxtr»onlinary as well tu> 
interesting. 1 have recently looked over the 
first number of Fox'* Yachting Annual (New 
York. 1878). Curiously enough, he begin* 
his brief preface with the words, ' The 
growth of yachting In tire l ulled Stabs." 
His list embrace* 401 bonis, hailing all tlic 
way from Portland lo 5x»u Francisco. Tire 
particular* given comprise one item wliieh 
to dny we baldly consider ii(-cc**nrr to note 
— “ No of men' — though it is inti-rortlng lo 
rec llnit tire 0>4uinA*<r ( I>-*(er Wullark ) mrrieil 
n crew uf ill . nil told, while MniMt i Hdwanl 
Burgcsa), itesiuiuxl. suirnSsYr ifi'r/u. by llerrc- 
bhull. Was con lent with u crew uf 2 The 


dimensions of lUurh ttt (a e. b. cat) are not tin 
interiirtiug. Sin; bad n water-line length of 15 
feet, a tH'sin of 6 feet fl inches, and u draught 
of 1 foot 1 inch. To take up a boot of that 
dny corresponding u* nenr a* may Ire with 
the 48 s of to-day. and oomiwre her dimen 
moiia we find, Jfairagaamtl. keel sloop . own- 
er. F. G. Dexter, port. Boston; I. w. 1,, 45 feet 
7 inches; beam, 15 feet 8 Incbes; draught, 5 
feet 5 inches. Shewn* built in 1859, l»y Van 
Dnccn. altered In INTO, and carried n erew r.f 
5 men Coninnre her With AUnmk, with 
her wider Hire differing probably by not more 
than 1 inch, she bud 1 foot 8' inches more 
lien in. and drew 4 feet 9 inches Iras water. 
Again. Orica ic, b. sloop)— owner, J. Vi. Conp- 
rr. port. New York; builder, llemshoff-- 
w.x* 4# feel OB tire water-line, had n 15 foot 
beam, drew 4 feet 8 iuebra, and carried a 
crew of 3 men. Compure Irer with Mr. Bur- 
gess's lust centre Inured creation. Rratrir, 
tbeir water line Ic-ngtli* being practically the 
same; linttru lias mi extreme Ix-nm of 1 ford 

I inch greater, and a water line bread tb of 

II inches greater, ami draw* 2 feet It) iuchca 
more water. 

Tire yacht ci.rw at Uiat time furnish- 
ing particular* were 24 In number, Port- 
land. Peiuamln. and Si.n Frabciseo Ire- 
iug tin' limits cif their locutions Cuntrn>t 
tbb with tire American yacht list it* it ap- 
pear* today (I take the volume for ISMi. 
which conic* llrat to itandi. The boat* of 
which |»rticolnr* are given thereto numU-r 
2955. nnd tire yacht elulrt are 95 in number 
(iwx to men I km six Iceyncfat club*). Of u 
I nilli. it may be said that tho “gmt »|»«»rt " 
lias held It* own in the past twenty year*. 

Little by little, I note, the other club* 
luro adopted or are adopting ibe varioua 
improvements in tbc detail of yacht racing 
which were intrealiKTil and hare liecn rt.ti- 
sirtenlly inlvra nted by the f-nlniliinti Yacht 
Cluh (the hut -comer in the yudii- raring 
Md in than watgra) from li* farnmikwi 
Club progriunme* are now lire more attrac- 
tive from appearing in the colors of the re- 
spective cIiiIm*. Copying the well known 
"Curinthiun Red," lire Seawnnbak* now 
tree blue, arai llie Atlantic (this year for the 
Am lime) nil. ihnugti. pc-rhnpc, tliruiicb 
eonrtwy, tlrey might have left it to tbc Co- 
rinthians. Cbnrl*. also, uf Ihc cuurve* to Iw 
railed have been supplied lust year nnd thi* 
year by tlic Eastern nml Scawanhaka clults 
l*> competilora. .Single gun slarl* ( 'starling 
firing ) is helng experimented with liy lire 
different rlltb*. and the lucal roursea iu New' 
York Bay have been changed mulo U-gin 
ami end lieUiw the Narrow- Even a* we gn 
to pres*, the S«'awanli*kn is alsmt pasciiu; * 
rew-ili ui en allotylug one man for each ten 
feel of wwlcr liiK’ to la* a pruferaioonl in 
amateur nice*. Lust, arid liy no menus least, 
a* brrcluforo noted in these column*, "rail- 
ing length. " under it* various name* of 
‘ ‘ rut lire."" curriHted nreasurenvr nl, ' ' railing 
ruling," nnd " racing length, '' Is iN'inggradu 
ally necepled nn<i mlopted. Mor»*>V‘-r. re 
slnctiou* upon t bo sail" to be carried, and 
the luunner nf selling nnd lisndlhig tbasn. nre 
disappearing. The Alluiitir. iu iu special 
race* on the Kid for exam pie, waives its rule 
regarding club lutauiils. nnd suspend* Its 
' ' cruising trim ' allowances. That ull throe 
lldrars are tmun -Yemeni* ix not to he doulrted. 
iukI Ihnt credit should Ire given to lire club 
with which Urey originated would seem but 
fair. 

Mutt I Tilts year ngnin tell tits same old 
story of tire Yale Harvard boat-race at New 
London ? It lonka very much like it. Last 
Saturday I weut down to New London to 
luive u look at tire crews nt work on tire 
Thames. I saw enough of Yale's eight lo 
convince nre that Confidence in it* work i* 
not misplaced. As a whole, the crow im 
pressed rye r.j being the finest I luul ever 
Seen on the river. Rowing* long swinging 
stroke. Mt finished in style and lucked by so 
much power that it gnx’e one the imprewsiun 
of culling for little effort, lire Yolo crew 
sent it* shell along at a rapid rate. The 
oars entered Uic water in n vicious man- 
ner. and were swept through cleanly and in 
almost perfect time; leaving the water with 
out a splash, they scenitd to Jump toward tho 
liow of the boaL Then, ns if rcenrilnc w 
much lioxte, they moved more slowly until 
the full reach, where, with a little tow. they 
became “ faced, "and were ready to rntcrtlre 
water uguin. It wa* a pretty sight, and n 
convincing aigunrent that lire rumor* of fast 
time made nl New Haven were nut far from 
correct. The body work, with the exception 
of Nn 2. wascverythlng that could lie drain’d. 
Tire hand* were shirt away quickly, but under 

C effect control, and were well followed up 
y the bock and shoulder*. The last (art 
or Uie recover was slow, and Uie slides were 
never allowed to rush. 

Trot WATERMANSHIP tip THE CREW is 
dean, and seldom any water file* from the 
oars. To mun it all up. there was little to 
criticise urn I much to praise. One thing, 
however, did impress me unfavorably. ni«l 
that was (he movement of the shell It di-t 
not appear to respond ns quickly us it should 
have. There i* no doubt hut that the Yule 
crow is poorly treated this year. For sack 
henry men the shell tlrey are rowing in it 
pre-i nl Is by nn mean* what it should be. 

• hat the men are rowitu; fust there can I*' no 
question. 1ml if tlrey were projierly boated, it 
would rankc n great diheixncc in the way 



JUNE 20. mi. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


46: 


the shell Is driven through tire water. There 
lx now a tendency to bury tlie bow at every 
catch. The crew ih rowing emeutkally the 
MUM) stroke it hud lust year, hut there Id 
more strength uml beef in the lumt The men 
■re all in the pink of condition, with the ex- 
ception, rswdhly, of Goutd.wlio huu h*d » tern- 
notary lllnrw, and aeeiB natiltol of victory. 
They have every reason to tie. for. bnrriug 
accidents. I don't sec how they two he defent 
Ml. «nd with surh men ns Cook. Holloa, mid 
Roger* to keep them an to their work, there 
Is not much danger of their confidence lining 
allowed to diminish their ml. Conditions 
favorable, I shall expect to ace the record 
hrokrn wlien the day of the great race comes. 

Several r.xrKn;Mr_vrs were tried in 
the Yale l*oat during l lie lost week of rowing 
at New Haven. Not only wma Simms given 
n llule chance again to stroke, in Gould * nlt- 
«Mice, but ibe bow received change* as well. 
Boil let pulled for a lime at 2. nnd Simms hud 
a try at bow. The boat went very well too. 
but the effect on the cnsunl olwervnr vm 
really more favorable than the hard fuels of 
rowing would entry to the eyes of an oars- 
man. though Simms’s oar lent n meal graceful 
finish to the Crew ns it came toward one. 
which has been noticeably wanting in the 
grwn how inra. Italliel wus pulling well, 
notwithstanding bis short Stature, and when- 
ever Captain Brewster need* a aiihstitnle up 
forward, lie run count on this man luting lu 
good trim. He Is older and of more arasem- 
esi timber than is usual in college crew*. It 
would not surprise me if this proved to lot 
lire Anal ordor. tboiigli Mills is stronger Uuin 
Crosby — stronger than Simms, if lie had ns 
much knowledge of ln>w to apply his force— 
anil lie is far latter in height nnd nwh thnu 
Bnllirt. Hr may leant to control his slide 
before nice day. 

Dwnrit mv cnrrrciBM on Simms as a 
stroke, lie Is a first da** oar at No. 2 He 
might lmve Just a hit more muscular energy 
and pul a pound or two more Into his sweep, 
lull ire could hardly do tatter in regard to 
form and time than he doea now. Ely ha* 
improveil in lime, and thanks to steady and 
prolonged appeals from the coach, he lias 
dropjHsl many of ids old faults, particularly 
ihni of getting In lute Hi* blade now goes 
into the water with the others, nnd lie keep* 
his slide under ldiff well. HcffdBngcr towers 
mIhivc tire other men in the boat nnd pulls 
willi grent power, but he is bv no means nit 
ideal our. lie drops his shoulder nnd screws 
himself a roil im I in the Ireut. He Imih learned 
well how to lake bold of the water nnd then 
put Id* shoulders on, Be sure lie has n good 
<»ir. Mr Cook, or there may Is? vmic swear- 
ing at Donahue if Yule should try another 
Seven oared race. Besides. Heffelflngor could 
never get overboard from No. ft a* PhiL 
Allen did from stroke, and think of n 210 Ih. 
pnMNgrrt Paine Ih not lire flabby liny who 
went to I’hlhii.lelplliii in April. His H«h 
looks hard nnd firm, ire works wiUi n Htendy 
determination, though not much dash, nnd 
will make an onr similar in that respect to 
Ferris. Initraml, t like lib work tictlcr than 
JleiTrlfingers. 

Brewster imi.LMrm.Ka as though he hail 
the weight of more than the heaviest Yale 
crew on Id* shoulder*, but apart from (his 
his work is. as that of such a veteran should 
Ire. axed lent. Hagenniui ami Cook are Irving 
to see if their united efforts cannot dispel 
the wraith of Charlie Courtney, which still 
hover* aliout the cxCorneliian and plays 
India witii his catch. When the Irent goes 
slow and tire stroke is kept down. Cook and 
I luge noun are Us> mitdi for tire Ithaca ghost, 
but when they begin to lilt her up. Courtney 
allows up every time. If Harvard makes you 
go fa»l enough, well sec Cornell rowing at 
No. 7. Captain Brewster. Gould b stroking 
more and more like Allen every day, and if 
he can only get a little more snnp into his 
work, will make u worthy successor to Inst 
year's captain. Tlrere is, of course, always 
the chalice Ibnl a new min may Im* Ida 
In-ad in n race, hut Gould seems os liulc 
likely to do that ua any new oar. 

While EVERTTnncr. oom an well with 
Yale oil lire Thames, mailers at tin- Harvard 
quarters nrr assuming n wrlous nod sure-to- 
lre defeated iwpeet, The misfoctUDea which 
have befallen Uic Harvard crew thin reason 
have been enough o Mainly to discourage 
any eight. Tire inability to secure Bancroft 
a* 'cnacli was a damper at tire outset. The 
death of Shaw left a plarc in the Imat which 
< oukl not be Ailed. The refusal of Cranston 
to row deprived tire crew of mueh -nroded 
strength, and now. owing to the accident to 
Captain Perkins, the crew at tills late hour 
finds itself unsettled as to who will stroke. 
Powers, who took Perkins’* real when the 
latter twisted his arm two weeks ago. will 
probably fill the position, and Perkins, if his 
arm permits, will iwoUild)' go in at No 2. all 
ref which is bad. very, for Perkin* wils doing 
f.ui- work at stroke and seemed destined to 
make a name for himself The only fortu- 
nate tiling which bos happened is the pro 
wince of Mr, Keyes at New lrendon He 
went down with the cre w, and will probably 
remain with it to the day of the race. If 
anybody can shake the men together, be ran, 
as "l have already written many limes. 

I* TUX EACR OF EVKRT IWSCOrlUORMKRT. 
however, the crew bn* mode rapid progress 
Ibu jvkst two weeks. Powers ami Keltou are 


working together, and oil the men have great- 
ly improved since I saw than last The lime 
is much better, and Hie stroke longer. Tlrere 
are still many defect* in tho rigging, but 
these will ta remedied in good mwu. row. 
era ho* a bad habit of raising Ills shoulders 
on the stroke, but in otlirr respects be i* 
doing surprisingly well, considering the short 
time lie Jin* broil In the stroke **t, Kdlon. 
Lynam. and Newell are nil doing good »mk. 
and have greatly improved in style awl fiuwh. 
Vail Is looking « little line, bill with run; he 
will lie aide to do bi* share on the day of the 
race. Cummings Is slow both nt the catch 
nnd nt the finish . ire does not aeem to realize 
the fuel Hint lire day of tire race is drew at 
hand Watrisa and Itanioul are doing fairly 
well, but tliey are not at all whnt we expect 
to And In a 'varsity wliell. The crew hangs 
Indly at the full reach, and apparently lacks 
endurance, for after rowing two or threw 
mitre, old faults begin to la; *een, nnd the 
shell is acldnm if ever on ila keel. 

lx SKILL. STHKNHT1I. AXIl KKitritAXrtc the 
Yale crew i* far ahead of Harvard's. There 
is Aetualiy no comparison between the two 
on form lo day (Sunday k Yule should win 
the race easily, hut whether die will or not 
remain* to iw seen. Tin; presence of Keyes 
nt New [yindim tins lmd n good effect uihiu 
H arvard, and tho men are working as tlrey 
never worked before. If they improve us 
rapidly this week as last, they will Vet give 
Yale a good race-. It will ta high titlre about 
three o'clock oil the 3Hlh, and as the water at 
tbsi hour I* generally pretty rough, there I* 
n chance of the race Wing called at eleven in 
the morning, and rowed upstream liistend of 
down. If this is decided upon, the two crews 
will tom up for courses. As it ia now. Har- 
vard ha* the east. 

pROIIAlll.Y Tint MOST SOTABLE FBATURS 
of the lawn tennis amton thus fnr has liern 
the continued Mirers* of young Mr. E. I* 
Hall Clone observer* of tic game noticed 
his great improvement last year, and more 
I him one then predicted that bis eider brother, 
V. G Hall, would lie compHlod to yield to 
him during the present reason. These pre- 
dictions have already been vended , for not 
only did the younger brother give Uu; elder a 
sound I staling in their Only meeting — during 
the tournament at Washington— hut. in addi- 
tion. his recool throughout the season has 
bee® far taller. That the prevloira vicioriea 
of young Mr. Halt hnvc not born flukes was 
demonstrated last week, when be succeeded 
In winning the Tnxedo Invitation tourna- 
ment from Mich strong adversaries ns (). 9. 
Cainplall, A. E. aud M. R Wright. 9. T. 
Chare;. A W, PiuA, and V. G. Hall. True, ho 
did not directly defeat Mr. Campbell, but 
most of the player* were disposed to give 
hint just a* murli credit for winning from 
Mr. A. E. Wright, when the latter was fresh 
from his victory over the champion. Camp 
Iteil's defeat by Wright was lire sensation of 
a most lUCCWNul tournament. I havti never 
licfore seen the Utter exhibit so much pluck 
and endurance It Im* long brou hk» ambi- 
tion to defeat Camptall. nnd while Ire lias al- 
most always succeeded in making a close 
fight. I think I am correct in staling that, of 
tla ir many meetings, hast week's was die only 
one in which lie has been the victor. 

E. L. Hall met lira ruter defeat of the 
season, nnd tire champion not only regained 
•rime of ilia lost laurels, hut also showed liiat 
the practice of the week wo* fast bringing 
him into form, in the handicap tournament 
which immediately followed the scratch 
event nt Tuxedo. Tire champion, placed at 
scratch, wus compelled t<> owe half fifteen 
and concede hilt fifteen more to aiicIi good 
men a* the Wright and Hull brothers and 
H. T. Chase. That he should have succeeded 
in defeating M K. Wright nnd V 0- Hall nt 
Midi heavy odds i» rather surprising, anil 1 
am inclined to think that the lailcr player 
hon fallen off rather than improved in his 
piny since lost year. Cainplieirs defeat by 
the younger Hall, the same raid* being con- 
ceded, was even more to the chnm pion’s 
credit, for ibe mutch was ho clure that the 
slightest piece of luck might cosily have 
turned lire scale either way. Three seis were 
idaved, ami Ike final figure* in favor of Hull 
were 4-«. 9—7. 9-7. Hall ami 9. T. Chase 
came togrttar in (he final round of the lum- 
tlicup. nnd as they met on even rerms. the 
latter mutt Ire wnrmiy congratulated nn his 
victory. Tire double* were not nearly so lo- 
lemtlng a* tire single*, though I wn« very 
much surprised at the gtuxl stand made by 
Chare and Deane Miller Against V G. Hall 
and Campbell in the final round. Ilnll and 
Csmptiell were tlie champion* la double* in 
lH>-9. but have not played together since their 
defeat by Taylor nnd Slrauim in 1SW. Their 
play last week was rather ragged, lull tlwy 
succr-rded in winning from Miller and Chase 
in a five set match. 

Titx Oiuxur La«k Tixxn Cltb tour- 
mment.also played last week. can hardly Ire 
nailed nil unqualified surcess. An unfortu- 
nate conflict of dates w ith tire Tuxedo Club 
deprived Orange of the presence of several 
of the ••star'' players, any onr of whom might 
have made nil interesting tight with Clarence 
Unban for the club challenge cup, which i* 
now the properly of that player by virtue of 
victories In three suceeasive years Tire Or- 
angi; club in certainly unfortunate ill its con- 
test* fire thl* cup. for. If I remember rightly, 
one of Hobart's victories was won by default 


from A- E. Wright, and Inst week's contest 
with Richard Stevens wn* liltlc more than a 
walk-over. To an oh! timer the growing 
nlwrnrc of interest in (lie louruiimcnl at Or- 
ange is quite painful, for in tuvit years tlrere 
name ground* at Mountain Staiiou were the 
scene of Uic moat brilliant contests of the 
treason. Tire "crack " players were accus 
tnmrd to look upon the spring and fall tour- 
rminrnra of tire club as events only scorn-.! ia 
interest io Uie ehampionship irwetlng m New 
port. Last week the dim; interesting fi-uliire 
wiih the match In tire Anal round of ladies' 
single* lietwre-n Mias Cahill and Mrs Fel- 
lows Morgan. No one Hus|rectcd that Mrs. 
Morgan was capable of playing such a game; 
and alUiougb Mias Cahill won the match, it 
was only after two hurd fought deuce and 
vantage rets, and I hoard miwc than one 
spectator say that Mrs. Morgan, although 
liealeu. showed every bit a* much skill a* her 
famous adversary. Mis* Cnliill's victory wna 
her recuml for the club challenge cup. Sire 
must win it ottco mure before it become* her 
awn property. 

It is to matRETTKir that two such prom- 
lirenl meinbt.-r* of the Nulwrml Associntion 
ns the New York and Grange lawn teuuia 
club* sliould entirely disregard a new nnd 
liti|ioiliiiU rule ul opted by tire A*aocialion 
at tho Inal annual convention, I refer .to 
Rule 3». which mpiires Uic presence of 
a referee ut every tournament given un- 
der tire auspices of the Association. A* II 
luippetm. Isorh of llu-se cluba lire fortunate 
in poMeasing executive officer* who nre corn- 
petent and capable of nianngiug a tourna- 
inent. but all elulie nre not w> happily situ- 
ated. Tbc rule is a good one, and it seem* a 
pity lhat 11 should liecome u dead letter oa 
account of on entire ditregnrd of its provi- 
sions l>v two surh prominent cluha. 

Mr J. T. Clark wo* defeated again in this 
year's contest for the championship of ibo 
Philadelphia District. HU comiueror wna 
Mr. (' T, Lee. who was in turn defeated by 
Mr. M. D. Smith, the hitter thus retaining the 

championship. 

This week some of the “ crack ’’ players nre 
struggling for ihe New England champion- 
ship at New Haven. The EfadMB River 
Association tournament uUntcU oilier*. 

AtsoEii tiik platers of the genller sex 
there is already great excitement over the 
championship contest at Phlladelphin next 
week. This brings to niiml tho rule re- 
cently made regarding Iwo-minute rests to 
I* pcimittrvl in tho champinoaliip* fur wiv 
nil'll. Heretofore the lack of ruling in 
this matter has more limn once placed a 
player in a decidedly embarrassing J*wi- 
tlon For Insusoe, 1 have aecu two giru in 
a c«inte*t— very evenly matched in play, per- 
haps — batik- over ii set until the one of Iras 
strength, seeing defeat staling her In lire fnce, 
asked far a cruntion of play until die was 
reeled. Her opponent knew perfectly well 
that " reM" meant pomitily ii change in the 
fortune of the game, and yet could not very 
well refuse. TblsRby no’mcans fair Tlrere 
is no out-door game into which endurance 
does not enter largely; It Is part of one's 
form to Ire able to lost, ami it is perfectly silly 
to stop play inorderllislunonfthecniilcttnnls 
may rest. "Reducing the matter to " t wo-inln- 
uU;’’ rests is an improvement, hut not good 
enough. There should tie uo rests at nil . uml 
women who cannot Inst n ranlch should re- 
main at home, ami atmim; tlM-mm'Ivcs on ■ 
lawn. Fancy a man stopping mid-d Islaoce of 
a boat-race to rent! 

For the etr*t time in a number of year* — 
aliout ten, I Irelieve— I’nnceton an Saturday 
defeated Yale in tlie filial game for tin.' base- 
ball championship, score S lo 2, winning, aa 
this column lost week said she would, by 
heavy tatting. In point of good tall the 
gome was not so good as sillier of Ibe two 
preceding gam**. In fact, tbc best game of 
t|i« series was the opening one at New Ha- 
ven. where, until King made Ida high throw 
to Dana, ami let in Yale's runners and rat- 
tled Princeton, beautiful playing was tbc 
role. The game Saturday wma character- 
irod by extremely brilliant "plays ami abom 
inahlr error* ou lire side of Princeton. Yale 
put up a steady strong game, fielding beauti- 
fully. though Case misjudged n Ay that 
might have saved a lain; of two. Tlrere 
were a cnuplo of rank decisions by the um- 
pire. especially when Calhoun wus called out 
on *trlk(* on a bull that I doubt If ho could 
liave reached with hi* tat ; hot honor* were 
easy, for Princeton suffered etiiially, at least 
one man being given first o« tails when be 
should have I wen called out no strikt*. 
Brokiiw pul up the tied game behind the 
bat he hn« slmwn this year, and appeared a 
bit more like ibe Brokaw of last year, but 
111* throwing is enough to break one's heart , 
three time* tlrere is no knowing wlial would 
liave Isroome of Princeton's chance for vic- 
tory had not Durell anti Dana been remark- 
ably clever in stopping his throws. 

Kiso likewise HAVE Dara an extremely 
difficult ball lu handle, but the Princeton 
Aral baiu-mnn was equal to it, hi* fielding of 
thi* and Brokaw's unsightiy tow l>eing ns 
IKS-ltr work a* could ta *ecn on any field. 
On the other band. Dann made a couple of 
waful errors. In faet. Princeton marie six 
error*, while Yale matlr but two, and of these, 
strange to relate. 1'ixtie, tlie bwl buck st<q> 
in interoollcgiato Imsc-tall. committed one 
Poole, by-tbe-way, wna nut in lm brat form, 


allowing one maa to steal second on him— 
uu unusual occurrence. MeClung plnjid 
like it veteran, mid Bowers was strong nml 
steady under an laccsMBt liorntardment of 
Sis' ({•Him! Alt's! He is n good man. and hat 
done well by old Yale; that ire sliould not 
have struck out more men l» due cbietly to 
tlie fact that hr bow bad extremely strung 
batters to «rm*. Young played a giem 
game for Princeton; some of bis pitching 
wna simply marvellous, Uiough it did nut 
average as high as Dial in either of the other 
two gimre*. lie modes beautiful play in an 
out at first, and batted a home run. King 
playwl a good ganw. making a very brilliant 
running ciiicb of a difficult fly Istrk of third. 
The wisdom of Captain Dana in retaining 
Knickerbocker nt short despite criticisin. has 
been diown lu tire championship scrim, He 
has pul up a good cottrisleltl game, fielding 
sharply and without error. Ramsdell.tboiigh 
not seen until tire second entne. has begun 
his bane-tall career — b* is a Freahmou- in a 
tnifll auspicious manner. Mnrphy played a 
Mier ean*o at short in the Ynle-Cresrent 
Ilian Saturday, due to tire fact of his talug 
laid up awhile, and luring sent la the outer 
field. 

Before msMissnsn Tint snuECT for the 
sea.wm. I must congratulate Captain Calhoun 
on the masleriy manner in which lu; ha* 
handled his men. Star ting with material 
ttat was not particularly promising, lu; ilc- 
veloped it ao well as to make u hard and un- 
certain figlit with protahly one of lire strong- 
est Ci ii lege nines we have ever ace it Tlio 
fielding of Yale lia* bro-n Hire tlinmgliout 
Uie reric*. t '*|itnin Dima likew ise d«>i rve* 
pratsu for tire eAirllent way be ha* IieUI bis 
team down. It is a question whether il Is 
more dlOlcull to develop green men wlio are 
willing nnd eager to Irani, or U> handle vet 
eran*. several of them slam, anti all of them 
with a very large and deeply seated opinum 
uf their own prowess. 

First i-olo week of the se*«on Is never 
very interesting, ibe men Iwing in only fair 
form, and tire rare finished ou Saturday at 
Meadow Brook Ima been no especial excep- 
tion. save fur (he uuexjvected showing made 
by the Westchester Country Club team. 
C>n Monday User met lire Hockawny mtoimI 
team, nnd simidy played nil arutuid tliein. 
making 17 gnnls to their opponents' 4*. la 
juslice to li(H.'knway, it ia only fair to *»v 
lhat nut one of the team wn* Ju any kind of 
form. Westchester, on the oilier hand, show- 
ed exeeptkiual strength, every man playing 
up to hi* form, to say nothing of tlie slee|*. ■ 
Bates, wlw. being an uuknown quantity, liad 
no handicap, win proved to be the beit malt 
on the icmn. Wrdnradny tlie Westchester 
team (liandk-apped 12 goals) met the first 
Itoekiiwav. which gave them 29 goals This 
Wa« tlie euaett !tud bsrdcvt game of tire Week, 
the latter winning by only a quarter gnat 
Naturally, of conn*;, the Kocknways did nut 
show up'in last year's form, while tire VFmI 
Chester men were somewhat cocky over Mon 
day 'a victory. Krone, Uiough off in form, 
played • strong game, and Clwevcr mnde 
Htanl very bnllianl run*. Both Cuwdin 
and Ruthenord pined steady — tlselr strung 
point, by -tlie-wav. for tlrey can always be 
depended upon. Itultrerfonl particularly ii 
very strong on tack bond Strok**, mid play- 
ed a beautiful game at "tack" on W«d tree- 
day. Fur Westchester Brockman nl»y«vi a 
sirong ganre— murk Iwtler than on Monday. 
Puller, who ia alwnva good, showed .'•uiir; 
tip top Ireail-work. lute*'* star appeared to 
liuve hot considerahte of il* M<imlny efful- 
gence, aud at times Iw was quite rattled. 

TnriuuiAY bholgiit Meadow Rnook 
handicap (M gnalsi and Essex (19 goals; to- 
gether in a gnnre.Uieonly interesting feature* 
uf which were Hitchcock's several brilliant 
runs and all round play, and the very steady 
and safe work uf Koblnaou. In fact. Ihcoc 
two aliout played tire game for their respec- 
tive rides, tliougb Belmont rarrii-d the hail 
once or twice with his old lime dl l TMW, 
nnd Biol gave ocensionnl glimrae* of wlist 
he enn do when in form. None of the 
Meadow Brooks were in form; but Wln- 
tbrop was altogether out of it, ami niade- 
siBif execratile iiiIshm. For Esrox, Robin- 
non ovcrehnHowed tlie rest; hi- is a sure 
player, true on tbc tall, and ulwuya safe to 
be detrended on. Farr once or twice did 
rometiiing worth noting, but il only empiia 
si ceil tlie mod io ere work that predominated. 
Collier certainly worked hard enough, play- 
ing a hurrah came that k* not apt to iniike 
goals, Meadow llrwik scored Itj goals — 
whilewasliing Essex. On hulurday. first 
Roekanay and Meadow Brook game logith 
or for the finals in lire Hempstrnd Handicap 
cups, in the fattest gome of the week, aud 
tlie Uuor won by tbelr handicap. Both team* 
shown! greatly improved form over that in 
lire first nf il*c wrok. Eath team earned 
goal* Rutherford an»l Cbeevcr played ex 
ceptiannliv strong, and Belmont mode a grail 
after a brilliant run. This week lire Herbert 
trophies are living playc-d for at Uie Country 
Club of Westchester, and the week following 
take* us to Ensi-x. 

At the E*rox County Country Club: 

June 23d, 5 p.m.— M eadow' Brook Club 
against Country Club of Wi-MelicMer 

Juno 8Sd. 3 p.m. — I’ biUdciphia Country 
Club against E«stx County Couatry Club. 

Sane day, 0 P JL— First against aecuml 
team of the liuckawny Club 

Cast AM W. Whit»EY. 



468 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 18WL 


MONACO. 

K lx ten month* licncc. namely, on ibe 16th 
of April, 1W2, tbe great gambling establish 
nrant at Monaco will close Its doors forever. 
Oo that day the agreement between the gov 
rrnmeut of the principality anti the world- 
faated hell of Monte Carlo expires, and them 
is not the remotest cbnnce of lu being re- 
newed. It was the knowledge of the pre- 
sent ruler's determined attitude lu the matter 
which has alone prevented the French gov- 
ernment from availing itself of its position 
ua suzerain power to tnkc immediate steps 
toward tiro suppression of this plague-spot of 
Europe— slept, which both President Grvvjr 
and President Carnot hare repeatedly been 
urged to adopt, not only by popular senti- 
ment. but also by nearly even- one of the 
great monarchies of tbe Old World. Kuaaia. 
Germany. Italy, and Great Britain have been 
pnrtirulurly pressing in their applications to 
the Paris government to put a slop to the 
scandal . and it may safely lie averred that 
Queen Victoria would never have oonde- 
ikvuded to pay such marked and gracious 
attention during her recent slay at Gratae to 
the Prince ami Princess of Monaco had site 
Ml IM M Mtisfarlorv assurances concern- 
ing the approaching close of llio gambling 
palace at Monte Carlo. On the occasion of 
her former Maya In the south of France the 
strict and slcro old lady bad indignantly re- 
fused the bouquets and boskets of flowers 
sent to her by tlie laic Prince Charles III., 
whereas this spring she not only received the 
reigulug Prince and Prince* at Grnsse with 
all the honor* due to sovereigns, hut even 
went so fur as to send. Ant. her ambassador, 
tl.c Earl Lytton, and a day Inter her daughter. 
Princess Beatrice, with Prince Batten berg, 
to return the visit at Monte Carlo. 

Prince Albert, whose tuarrisge a couple of 
yean* ago with the enormously wealthy wid- 
ow the Duchesse de Kkbelieu. a daughter 
of tbe New Orleans and Parisian banker 
Urine, lias enabled bim to dispense with the 
$000,000 annually contributed toward tbe 
civil list of the sovereign of Monaco by the 
management of the Monte Carlo Casino, baa 
already untitled the latter that ho has no 
intention of renewing the lease, and accord- 
ingly M. Blanc, anti bis two brotlrars-in law. 
*• Prince ” Boland Bonaparte am! Prince Con- 
stnnlhie Had zl voile, who arc the principal 
share holder* of the Casino company, have 
already perfected their arrangements for the 
transfer of tboir operations to Andorra, the 
little Pyrenean republic outlie Franco Span- 
ish frontier lino. Under their auspice* a 
company entitled Uie Cercle des Elrangera 
d' Andorra I the Strangers' Club of Andorra! 
Iuu been successfully floated at Paris, and 
no less lhau forty tbousuud $100 shares have 
already been disposed of at a heavy premium. 
All llic plans for the new buildings at An- 
dorra have been perfected, and to those who 
are acquainted with the French Riviera it 
may Ihi of Interest to learn that the new the- 
atre designed for Andorra is an exact repro- 
duction of tbe theatre on tlio Jetty promo- 
node at Nice. 

It was not until after much hesitation that 
tlsc syndicate owning the Monte Carlo Casino 
concession decided upon Audorra aa tbe 
scene of their future operations. They had 
previously endeavored to secure an abiding 
place for tlieir roulette, their trentoet qua- 
ran te. ami their rougi--ct-nnir tollies in aevera] 
other parts of Europe — including Vulduz. t ho 
capital of the little principality "of Liechten- 
stein: Ssn Marino, the tiny republic in north- 
ern Italy: at 8uxons-k«- Bains: at Aix-les- 
Bains and even at Belgrade and Sofia. Ev- 
erywhere, however, their overtures were re- 
jected, and after diwnusing Ibe rival merits 
of Tangier and Andorra, they Anally decid- 
ed in favor of the Utter, 

Andorra has been on independent republic 
since tlie days of Charlemagne, who. in the 
year 77*. conllimcd tbe right*, privileges, and 
freedom of •* the valleys and sovereignties of 
Andorra." The territory comprises about 
100 square miles, and the populalluu numbers 







m « 

"t ■ . ' w 

y 0 




about 8000. It is governed by a council of 


us with sorrow 
mid delight, and 
wins from us the 
cry of Rossetti : 
~6ii. timid say-lark, 
iW thy fllaM 

Lears as In-nlsht 
Ilia nlKfaUB- 

galsJ* 

Ami the moon and 
liinl odd a more 
lender significance 
to the niglii. 

My little wood- 
thmsli was only an 
humble American 
cousin of tlie 
thrush that glud 
dened the English 
hedge* in Kprn- 
ser's time and the 
mavis of gentle 
Chaucer. Bf nev- 
er saw the green 
shores of bhake- 
Hpearc's England, 
nor beard the 
plaintive nut hi- in 
of tbe nightingale, 
"must musk-ul, 
most mclsncholy. " 

He could not 
even fly, having 
been born with a 
crippled wing. 
Now flight is as 
much a part of 
the worn! I’ ’ — 


ikjesom. so it is 
not strange that 
the wind mocked 
bis feeble note and 
the blossom* heard 
It wllh pity. Borne 
dny they knew 
the wind would scatter them like snow-flakes 


council elect a first and second syndic, to morrow Ilian a little brown thrush with a 


or mayor, to preside ami to wield the execu- 
tive power. The costume of these two dig- 
niton ra it of a character to strike awe Into 
the hearts of lliooe who may eventually Tisit 
tlie little republic for the purpose of trying 
their luck at the gambling tables. It is com- 
posed of silver buckled shoe*, blue stocking*, 
red garters, gray k nor -breed**, broad scarlet 
sash, black cloak, Catalan cap, and a gigantic 
black cocked hat perched on top of the cap. 


which Ike history, Ike traditions, the laws, 
and Ibe customs of the ancient republic are 
hopelessly jumbled together. The primitive 
character of the people may be estimated by 
tbe fact that the salary and allowance* of tlie 
first syndic— the chief magistrate of tho re- 
public — amount to the magnificent sum of 
sixty pesetas, or about twelve dollar*, per 
annum. 


TILE POET AND THE BIRD. 


Tint poet, the birds' next of kin, la tlieir 
best interpreter. Bbnkevpeare'a ini-mungi-r 
of morn ami Milton's solemn bird of ulglit 
began the song that all tire poets' hinis from 
Thompson to our own Longfellow are slug 
iog now. The lark at heaven's gale that 
sang for Shakespeare, and lira other whose 


note " startled the dull night from his watch- 
tower in lira skies," waking grave Milton 
from celestial dreams, serin to have added a 


new glory to morning, ami set the krv for all 
the larks that have snug since. The night- 
ingale that pleased tlie ritcocc of that won- 
derful night in " Paradise Lost " still floods 


On the edge of the woods where the Ui rush's 
nest lay stood tho poet's house. He was 
blind. But be song so that men wondered 
as they listened, and said. "11c is like the 
nightingale, whose strains are sweetest when 
she sings w ith her breast agninst a thorn." 

Still tlie blossoms bent pityingly above bis 
brad when be walked through tlie leafy for 
... . - — | 

ulight 

skies today If we fsdo and die to-morrow, 
Ilian to lie dint out from the glories of June 
like the poet." 

It Is hard to have to look at happiness 
through another's eyes. The little crippled 
thrush bad the instinct of flight within him. 
lust as he bad the beautiful gift of song in 
his liny soul, and each day be watched hi* 
brmlirr* with wistful eyes as they circled 
farther and farther above him. They came 
lack to Uie nest at night weary enough, but 
they brought wonderful talc* of lira sight* 
aou scene* of the outer world. 

"It is a million times greater than this 
Met," they cried, as Uicy crowded under the 
mothers wing. "It ends in a brand river 
as blue as the sky." 

"That is tbe fish's sky," the mother said. 
" They breathe the water and sail through it, 
as you sail through the air on vour wings 
Strange tree* and plants grow beneath llic 
water which drop pearly shells for blos- 
soms. The little fish hide In the branrhrs of 
the tret* as you played at hide-and-seek lu 
tbe great oak today. Oh. it Is a wonderful 
world!" 

Tlie titrusk lrasrd all this, and chirped the 
single plaintive note he hud lcurm-d in lira 
silence and loneliness of the deserted nest. 
It caught the ear of lira poet, and thrilled 
him strangely, as if his own sorrow had 
found a voice, uud wus speaking to him 
He lob! the peo 


through the fragrant dusk. 



AMXJKIIA, TUB NEW MONTE CARLO. 


pic what it said, and they mnrvrlleri at th« 
aadni-w of the message "It Is lit* best 
song." they cried, hut’ they did not know 
that its supronirst touch of grief and longing 
was an echo of the poor bird's note. 

That night llic ihrusW safely folded under 
his mother's wing, had a wonderful dream 
He dreamed that he could fly.' ‘Tlie tender 
blue of the sky deepened and brightened in 
the beam* of the morning sun.'nnd with a 
glad song the little bird sprang up toward 
the zenith, as a humming bird darts iDto Ibe 
calyx of a freshly opened flower. Ah, the 
rapture of that dream! ' Far beneath him his 
sober bued brother* seemed to drift like 
brown motes in the dazzling sunlight. 
Buoug wlnged birds brusbrd by him, bring 
ing si range odor* from apk* islands, ami the 
keen breath of the sea Screams glistened 
like silver threads in tbe web of fields and 
forest below him, and far off. against tbe rim 
of lira sky. lay the great blue river, in which 
his brother* had said the world ended. He 
knew then that he should sec the fish sailing 
through the shiniDg water, and lira curious 
trees with shells for blossoms. He gathered 
himself for a lust eager effort, and. oh, joy I 
his wing had touched the cool surface of lira 
water, when be awoke. 

Tbe nest was empty. The friendly night, 
out of which bau blossomed this Imppy 
dream, was gone, and the little bird knew 
that his mother and brollrars had gone wllh 
it. not to return. But the ecstasy of the 
dream flight was upon him. Crippled anil 
deserted, Iralplem a* a leaf on the wind, or a 
blossom crushed into the mould by a can-Uas 
foot, Ira raised his head ami poured forth a 
song so rapturous, so ravlahlugly sweet, that 
the very leave* of the trees farmed to thrill 
in sympathy with the Joyful notes. 

The poet was walking with bent head along 
the woodland path, wrapped in melancholy 
musing*. Hn bod reached (he humble nest, 
und paused a moment, when upswinging 
from the leafy covert came a strain os if joy 
Itself were besieging lira gate* of morning. 
" Even Uie birds mock my sadnna," be 
thought, and a brother poet's words recurred 
to him: 

•' Vet mil IW Wo* to God's osreel sir 
Mr little hint* rim; (rni of cant, 

Aad lisntliuru Wnawims ciurjshafe. 


Tin btackhinW t- 


“ l/x. where I ha liwitnc alders part. 
Wliltflxaomnl enallims, bUtbe id heart. 
Above ellll waliva skin sad dsn. 


" I!" whMo rnnntl-deMoe tUr tho (no, 
Tpt lenctliredni! •aminos nVr tl«m mm: 
The nuisdow puot H still es if Urn. 


“ Wbtlr In Ibe jwoeifnl ft- 1. Is lbs sharp 
P-sd. qulul; Slid thningh txtirli's bluu deep 
Tbe bJIcui ctuad-wiuge elelnluer sweep,* 

"One must have eyes to paint that pic- 
ture, "he mid to himself, bitterly. "As well 
expect a blind poet to write such vciw as 
that a crippled bird, who has never known 
the Joys of flight, should match lira ecstasy 
of tne wing just ended. " 

There was a rusiliug in the grass nt Ills 
feet. H« stooped and picked up the little 
wood thrush, whose liny body yet quircml 
with the exultant pastiou of it* song. Gcu 
Ur Ira psssed his huinl over the crippled w iug. 
Ills practised Ungers felt out tbe trouble, and 
diriued that the bird liad never used bis 
winga for flight. It lay quite still, as if it 
was cTea then under the spell of that won- 
drous dream. 

" I’oor tiny bird!" tho poet said, tenderly. 
■' An empty ue*t, n crippled wing, and yet a 
song of faith and Joy' What other Icawms 
will you leach me! Hereafter we will sing 
glad songs together; you lo me, I to the 
world!" Maht Wakkmax Botsfuuu. 


GOOD-BYE I 

This on out wont «bu tsklag leave of ibe factored 
bat wbew Uuetrtlrt'e Sluauc-b UUIrr* raeblee ne to say 
It to S» ellnck of liver oMBpIalnt, it h bj do means •ail, 
bat decidedly foil/. Similarly. If ibe creat tonic elurr- 
auve lebevre trow dys|wpsb or kld«*y iroablu woe*, 
pmcace Joy. Mulu j, r bramalWm, sod nvuraVU Sr* 
also teoauu which tbW reeaeily dlepoieesac e .— ( Jtr.J 

MRS. WINSLOWS NOVTllIXa BTMUJ* 
baa been um -1 f.,r »m ftfly j->r» by snllllaiis nt 
auMliers l« Ibelr cbllrtim m l,lk- trelfalnir. wllli ixvk-et 
eon cm. ll mmiIIms Ibe clilM, Mfleue llic mm., sllaye 
ell |>ain,curee wM relic. end Is U* bn-: remnJ. gw 
dleribm. Sold by <ln.ftp.is Is every |wrl or tbe 
■urlij. Twenty-Sir ceuu a bouit— (Jdt.J 

Wmom baby wse sifk. we cure twr Certorll, 

Wlran die w«* a Chiu. ,l,„ rrlnl lor CsMorta. 
Wbiur riiu In, ini- Mmm.sIw cllinu lo Canorla 
u .,... i.i.i ,-t.n.ii u -i... 7. ..... - 


HttOWNW nOrsRHOU* 1'ANACRS. 

••THHOMKAT PAIN ItRLIRVKM." <ur«* 
(.vuniw. tulle. colds i ell palun SStie. a Umlw-f A4 

BIN) WNt* I 'AMPBORATKD BA PON ACBO 
UKNTIPUICB lu. UK Tirru. UKUL'IUlS, a 
— (4da| ^ 

OR. LYON'S l*Rt«rKiTTOOrn POWDKIL 
Wbllru* Ibt leetb ood |iBnA<« ibe brcaih. *sc.-(id 

t-tiuee twvrr tisrr any dysprtaU sflrr a wttwel 
of AupwJurs It-llrrs. Sold rvrrywlwta-( AtiT 

••1 onri.il one live without It" la whel many lad 
eey ut the Cauws UvcsnsaSoLta— {4d* J 


Digi 


L.OOQ 




THE CITY OF TACOMA. 

BY WILLIAM WILLARD HOWARD. 


T HE way of building an American 
city lias changed, The pioneer 
no longer makes an humble be- 
ginning in the wihlcmv**. and 
wait* for the shvlhfulT^Ircli uf 
civilization. The history of America is full 
of (hat sort nf thing, hut at heat it was u rath- 
er alow and old fashioned way. und often- 
times it wna altogether loo uncertain to be 
comfortable. In most rase* tbe hopeful pin- 
oeer grew gray and died before the march of 
civilization readied Ilia neiglilxirliood, and 
sometime* it never reached there at all. The 
unwritten history of America would be full 
of tbat sort of thing, tun, if any budy cared 
enough nbout It to bunt it up The modern 
pioneer ikm things differently. Instead of 
going off Into the wilderauM by himself and 
wasting the tirat years of Ida life waiting for 
the march of civilization, which too often 
never cottiee, he get* behind the march of 
nviliznlion and pushes at it with all his 
strength until he gel* It Into hi* chosen spot. 
Then be sells Ida town Iota, and lives like a 
prince ever afterward. 

Here is the city of Tacoma, one of the very 
Intent creation* of the modern pioneer The 
peculiar advantages of Its site hove been 
know n ever since Puget Sound wus discover 
cd.und yet the march of civilization would not 
be there now if the modern pioneer had not 
pushed it to lire bead of Commencement Uav 
and loft it there. Ho could not very well 
have push'd it fnrtlirr, bemuse Tacoma is 
absolutely the last trench of the march of em- 
pire. In Tacoma there i* no West. 

The pioneer in Ibht disc was the Northern 
Pacific Railroad. There came a time In tlw 
construction of this great steel thoroughfare 
when a definite limit had to ho placed upon 
|L* westward progress — when some spot 
should be picked out and culled the end of 
the road. The managers of the mad picked 
out Itrelieudof Commencement Huy. and put 
it down on their map* a* Tacoma, the west- 
ern terminus of the Northern Pacific Hall 
road. There was a sort of saw mill commu- 
nity at Tacoma at that time, but the aide 
bodied nieu in it would hardly have made a 
corporal * guard i anil when it heard that it 
waa to become one of tbe im|H)rtant cities of 
the American continent it airoply gaapeil in 
awe and wonder. When it Imd done guspiug 
It set to work buying town lots. In this in- 
atnnrc. as in many other* that have come un- 
der my notice in lire Watt, it was found tbat 
the railroad company, or prison* intimately 
cotmected with It, had secured about all the 
town lots that were worth securing at that 
lime ; but this circumstance was w but eventu- 
ally gave tire place its rise In life, The men 
wlio hud bought the lowu site bud plenty of 
money, aud what was a great deal better for 
the future of the town, they had the sense 
and liberality to use It properly. Brood busi- 
ness streets and wide rssiacnce avenues were 
laid out among the stump* aud uuder brush, 
and many thousands of dollar* were spent in 
£ them in good shape for the coming 
Men who buy town lot* for mere *rrec- 
Illative purpose!* rarely do that aortof tiling. 
They prefer to wait until some one else has 
■nude the Improvement* before taking a con- 
spicuous part in public matters. 

After these premonitory symptom* of new 
life TacoinaTMuard through a w retched period 
of doubt ami suspense. There was some de- 
lay about the railroad. Tire Cascade Moan- 
lain* bod risen up in front of it aud tinned it 
smith, so that it was forced to seek the Pa- 
cific roast by way of the Columbia River and 
Portland. Oregon. This wo* a «ud blow to 
the sudden hope* of Tacoma, and many per- 
son* grew tired of holding town lot* fur a 
rise. It wo* in 18*3 that the Commencement 
Hay site was ebuseu as the terminus of the 
rilfruad, but it wu not until 1888 that tire 
railroad overcame the Cascades and came 
into Tacoma by tire direct route. Between 
1873 and 1888 wa* n very long time to people 
who had Western ideas of building a etty, 
and in all that lime the place had gathered to- 
gether about 9000 inhabitants, most of whom 
had come iu to settle when the line over (lie 
Cascades wa* pretty nearly completed. It 
was not until the arrival of the direct line of 
railroad that the young city awoke to a sen* 
of ita possibilities, and then it bestirred itself 
with a suddenness that caused ollrer people 
tn wonder what bud bruken louse ou Puget 
Sound. 

People besieged the railroads, the west coast 
strum sh i i*i. anu even tire wagon rood*, in a 
spontaneous movement toward Puget Sound 
in general and the city of Tacoma in partic- 
ular. The East sccmtsl to have become aware 
of Tacoma* existence for the first tlnre. and 
there was apparently a simultaneous desire 
among all kind* of people to buy town Iota 
und to lake a hand In teal estate speculation 
zem-rnlly. Then; could lie only one result. 
Tacoma grew a* few cities of the world have 
grown. Tire stump* disappeared from the 
hill side, and house* aloud In tlrelr places. 
Mill*, factories, warel reuses, railway yard*, 
aud elevator* began to fill up tbe low ground 
.n tire water * «lge. and stores, simps, and 
otllec6 multiplied in the Undue** street*. Two 


getting^tiK 


years of this sort of thing mode a wonderful 
change In Tacoma. Tire census lost Juno 
gave the citv a population of 40.1&S. Tbe 
census of 1K80 showed a population of 730. 
Here Is an increase of #,iw per cent, in ten 
year*. 

There was good reason for all this. While 
the city wax growing at such a tremendous 
rate, and while people were falling over one 
Mother It lire frantic effort to get rich in 
real-estate transactions, a large number of 
very shrewd AMD wore spending a great deal 
of good money in the neighborhood of Puget 
Sound. Most of them were buying timber 
lands, and Other* were gelling control of coal 
lied*, iron mints, anti such thing*. Men came 
all the way from Pennsylvania, Michigan, and 
Maine to get a chance to buy Washington 
timber; and Urey were men, too, who knew 
what they were about Many of them wire 
expert* in lumber matters, and they knew a 
good thing when they saw it, They did not 
buy fur the sake of selling out again tbe next 
day; on tbe contrary, llrey bought for the 
purpose of building mill* and raw lag lumber 
fur market. Most of them cured nothing for 
the real estate excitement In the city of Ta- 
coran. although some af them bought prop- 
etty there for the purposes of their business; 
all that Urey sought wa* a place where their 
looney might be invested to Unit it would 
come back to them some day quadrupled in 
quantity. The rapidity with which the Um- 
ber land of Washington was bought tip by 
Eastern investor* showed that Ibis wa* the 

I ilace that Uie lumbermen had been looking 
or ever slnco Pennsylvania tod Michigan hud 
given up their (lores of pine. There l* raid 
to be enough marketable timber in Washing- 
ton In supply tire American demand for many 
generations to come, and vet most of It basal- 
ready pound into tbe hands of men who mean 
to build saw mill* and look for new markets. 
The greater part of the lumlicr now being cut 
I* used on the Pacific roast , and satire of it 
goes down the coast as far M Chili and other 
South American rouulrirs. For tbe pu*t two 
year* * great deal of lumber bus been uwd In 
tire city’ of Tacoma in the construction of 
building*, but when tbe rush of building be- 
comes n trifle sluggish, as* it must eventually, 
Uie mill* wUl be compelled to find markets 
elsew Irene. At the present price of lumber 
and lire present rate of freight they can hard, 
ly hope to reach the Eastern markets, al 
though some of the shingle-mill* send red 
cedar ohiugle* to St. Paul and ollrer Western 
cities. It would seem, therefore, that the nul- 
Urul outlet for the Waabiuelou lumber would 
be the western coast of North and South 
America, and possibly, for manufactured 
stuff. Chios und Japan. Odd would think 
that there were enough mills in the city of 
Tacoma now to supply all those markets, and 
many yet to be created. There are at present 
about fifteen mills, which have a total cu- 
pucity of am than u million feet of sawed 
lumlicr per day. Tliat means three hundred 
millions a year; and yet the Tacoma man will 
unhesitatingly say that the limber of tbe State 
of Washington cannot be cut in a hundred 
years. Tire timber belt is estimated io con- 
tain one hundred and seventy live billion feel 
of saleable stuff. Tire area of timber laud is 
asserted to 1* equal to the entire Stale of 
Iowa. ThiH immense stretch of forest laud 
U covered by fir and cedar trees, Rim« of 
which grow to a height of two hundred aud 
fifty feet. 

Peratins unnrquainled with the facts would 
naturally suppose Hint this remarkable ex- 
tent of timber lands covered about nil of the 
State of Washington, but os a matter af fact 
the timber covets only the western part of 
lire State, from tbe Cascade Mountains to 
tbo Pacific Ocean. The great stretches of 
land lying east nf the Cascades contain lim- 
itless possibilities iu tbe w av of stock raising 
and agriculture, to ray nothing of such di- 
versified industries os fruit raising and coni 
digging. bop-growing and silver-mining. To 
person* who are more familiar with the lat- 
est discoveries In ee-ulral Africa than with 
llie topography of the Pacific Northwest it 
may be well to say that the Slate of Wash 
ington is by nature divided into two part* by 
the Cuaulu Mountains, which extend north 
and south parallel with tbu Pacific Ocean. 
Tbe western half is the portion covered hy 
timber. Its chief natural feature U Puget 
Bound, whirh has not inappropriately been 
called the Mediterranean of America" The 
sound come* down through the middle of 
the timber region to a point about half wsy 
between the Oregon line and British Colum- 
bia. At Uie head of lire sound stands Ta- 
coma, which Is thus In about tbe middle of 
what is known os western Washington, The 
eastern half of the Mate cotilains tire great 
Columbia River Valley and the broad plains 
beyond. This is properly tire agricultural 
part of the State, although tbo western half 
will be found to be wonderfully productive 
when the Umber has b*cu removed. 

The natural nuth-t for tbe products of 
western Washington is Puget Sound, became 
tbe Round is the central figure of Uie coun- 
try itself. Ocean going steamships and sail- 


ing vessels of Uie largest size can land at 
almost all of tin- ports on the sound. Tire 
obvious outlet for the products of eastern 
Washington i* the ntllrouils. At present the 
only traBtconUnculal line croxriug Washing- 
tou is the Northern Pacific It handles moM 
of the products of eastern Washing!- iu. The 
western terminus of this railroad U at Ta- 
coma. Tire bead of navigation on Puget 
Bound is also at Tacoma The obaerefag 
man can draw his own conclusions; lire 
pc»plc of Tacoma har« drawn ilrelo-. 

It is in the natural order of things that llie 
products of the soil, the mine, the mill, und 
the factory should seek the nearest market. 
If for no other raison than that tire distant 
market is leas secure to lire producer than 
tire irear rnurket. Tacoma is the nean-st mar- 
ket for a large putt of Western Washington, 
and idso for the west-bound products of east- 
ern Washington. Tile wheut grown in east, 
era Washington comes to Tacomu not only 
by these natural law* of trade, but also be- 
cause here la the terminus or llie railroad: 
lire other products of the soil luid the mioe 
com to Tacoma for the same reason, and 
the limber comes to be (awed because lire 
transportation of lug* to Commencement 
Bay is quick and easy, either by water or by 
rail. To properly appreciate Tacoma's ad- 
vantage* it should he borne in mind that tire 
Btule of Washington is 300 mile* king from 
cast to w est, and 349 mile* wide from north 
to smith. Tire peculiar way In wlilrh Puget 
Sound bisects lire western half of this great 
stretch of country places Tacoma practically 
In tbe commercial centre of Ibr Slate, mid 
yet Tacoma Is a seaport town which bn* it* 
line* of ocean-going stetiiudiips and Its fleets 
of tailing vessels. What the people of Ta- 
coma are trying to do t* iu concentrate at 
Tacoma the sale and shipment nf Washing- 
ton pi relucts, Tire uue iletii of wheat alone 
would make Tacoma a great city, for lire 
quantity of wbent that ran lie grown iu past- 
ern Washington i* welluigb beyond calcula- 
tion. People nf the odd and churlish New 
England soil or the worn-out lantU of lire 
Middle Stales still refuse to believe that one 
hundred bushels of wheat cun be grown on 
one acre of land. Tlrey are not to be blamed, 
because, in their experience, a crop that will 
run twenty bushels to the acre Is a pretty 
good crop; yet. at the recent exposition ut 
Spokane Fulls, a proud farmer exhibited one 
hundred anil nut bushel* of wheat that hud 
Isrcu grown on one acre or hind. This is by 
no menus an average yield, bat is rather mi 
exception which shows wlial i* within the 
range of possibility in the Pacific Northwest. 
It Is cluitutd. however, that the average of 
the harvest of 1880 In ill* MUIbeaslern coun- 
ties of Washington was alioiit fifty bushel* 
per acre, tbe larger yields linking up this 
average running ns high as sixty five and 
seventy bushels per acre. This wus in the 
Walla Walla country, which is tire oldest 
agricultural region in the State. Tire Ilig 
Bend country, which has been mure recently 
opened to settlement, cluims nn average for 
1890 of fifty bushels per acre. Cloud corn 
cun be grown in there districts, but at present 
wheat take* precedence as u prnll l making 
crop. To farmers of other putts of the 
American continent there average* seem to 
be enormously large, and iu truth they are; 
hut it should he borne in mind that this is 
the first prodigal harvest* af a new soil. 

Most of this wheat Is shipped to Tacoma 
to be sent to foreign market*, nlthougb a 
targe quantity is ground at Tucuma mills fur 
local licruaml. In tbe course of time Taco- 
ma will nulurally brcoinc a flour making 
point as well a* a W brat- shipping purl, ana 
in that event tbe future prosperity of the 
city will be mado doubly sure. A substan- 
tial beginning in this direction bus already 
becu made. Tire milllug capacity is now 
almut 1400 harTels per tiny which will soon 
be doubled by new mill*. Tbe fluurinilU 
will have the advantage of cheap fuel, which 
Is always an important factor in the build- 
ing of a large milling centre. An almaM in- 
exhaustible supply of ciml lies within twenty 
miles of tbu city, and a* It govs to Tacoma 
on tbe down grade, it establishes the question 
of cheap fuel fur nil time to come. 

The nearness of cheap fuel will work to 
Tacoma'* advantage in other way* and no- 
ticeably In the maoafacturae o"f iron, for 
there are within ninety miles of tbe city great 
deposits of excellent Iron ore. Tbu produc- 
tion of coke has already been begun at thr 
coal field*. The quality of tire coke i* said 
to be vety good, The abundance of this 
coking coni ha* already set in niolinii in Ta- 
coma a g»ld and silver smelter, which prem- 
ium tn give the city some importance a* a 
financial centre. At present must uf tbe 
ore* rent to the smelter are mined in tbe 
Ca-ur d'Alene mining district, hut in time 
tbe mine* of Alaska will add materially to 
the smelter’s output. This mean* trade for 
the Tacoma merchant, fur the miner natu- 
rally make* bis purchases of supplies in tbe 
town that buys bis ores. That Alaska la 
In-lieved to he enormously rich in precious 
luiuend* it shown by the large number uf 


experienced miners who arc constantly 
ing there to try tlrelr fortunes. * 

To turn from the smelting of silver to the 
quest ion of Iren raising I* something >,f H 
jump, even to tire elastic ooinprelreu»i,,n of 
the West, yet it i* only one of the many ec- 
centricities nf nature in lire IVittc North- 
west, w Irene nothing seems to lie impoeu.jtiU. 
It may be said with etitire juMite. I think. 
Ilial hop raising was tire nbuirer industry of 
I’ugct Bound, although ;Jre manufacture of 
lumber may lay winre claim tn that disliitc- 
£*■ „ TIm ' growing of hope began |„ lhe 
Puyallup \ alley as long ago a* 1804. It wa* 
a Mtiall beginning. but it held it* own and 
grew slowly, until Ibn excellence of Wash- 
ington bop* was pretty well OSUUubed. 
After that the hop onslncw had a laiom ns 
they »uy in the West, nmi it j* still growing 
with a yearly output of nearly two million 
dollars' w orth. Tire soil of the Puget Bound 
region is peculiarly adapted to bop culture, 
and tire long season* are favorable to the dry- 
ing and curing of harvested horn. Tire 'la- 
coma product lia* a strong hold on the J^ jn . 
don market. 

The noil that U favorable to the growing 
cif Imps W rich enough for almost any thing 
else, which in fully shown in the variety and 
excellence of other tiling* that thrive In the 
Hew Stale. Tire people assert that they eau 
raise belter fruit than California can. and 
more of jt.wltli the cxerptinn of orangi-s and 
lemons and other tropical fruits, As the 
Btatc I* new and undeveloped, tire ugrii-iilt ii- 
ral possibilities are as yet hardly appreciated. 
Tire climate is unusually well adnpteil to 
fruit culture, and. lu fact, to the growing of 
all manner of grain*, vegetables, and gratae*. 
The winters arc mild and equable, with u 
temperature something like Ihnt of Tc-unrs- 
see. The summer* arc long and cool, la 
winter-time one Would naturally expert to 
find at Tacoma the ciitnnte of the arctic cir- 
cle, hut tire geographical position is here at 
fault, at ii-ust so fur ns practical result* ure 
concerned. \\ ere there no such thing a* t Ire 
warm current of Jo pan beating against the 
Pacific coa-t, the chief winter feat tin- of Ta- 
coma would lie Its Ice palace; lint the warm 
wind* of the Pacific have more influence lima 
the colil of tire Nortb. and a* a result, Tuco- 
nis 1ms h great deal more rain Hum snow. 
.She may have a great deni more min in the 
w hiter reason than sire waul*, hut tbat t» one 
of the llsneiis In her di malic rose. There I* 
pkmiy of rain in Tacoma, hoi Urera I* much 
wore in Bitka, Alaska, which Is said to lie the 
lull iii-il city in tire world. Much of tire min 
in Tacoma is little mure Umu a sort of Brotcfa 
mi*, and people get accustomed to Ibnl sort 
of tiling lu lime. Tire Tacomu people **)’ 
tbut the rainy Benson i* not unpleasant, w bile, 
on the other band, they usM-rt that their sum- 
mer season is the most delightful in tire 
known work), Tlrerc is tome show of rea- 
son for this rather sweeping assertion. The 
city is far enough north to be cool iu summer, 
especially at night, and it I* sufficiently under 
tire influence of tbe mild Pacific climate to 
have plenty of brightness and sum-lube foe 
months at a time. Tbe people of Tacoma 
may nut have a (•i-rfeet climate, and proba- 
bly do nut, but they conic much nearer to it 
Hun most of us on this North American 
continent, lu Tacoma, however, climate 
is not made it marketable commodity at so 
much per front foot. The people ate too 
busy with other things to boom lire price 
uf climate. When the resource.! of Wash- 
ington are exhausted they may go Into the 
buNBcn of selling climate, but that Con- 
tingency at present treeing to be too remote 
to be considered. When one lakes into ac- 
count the almost endk-re variety and bound - 
ltws extent of the natural resource* of tlic 
Stale and its tributary neigh bon. tbe won- 
der is nut that people should take hold and 
make a lot of moDgjr iu a ridiculously short 
lime, hut tint they would be able to nuke 
choir* of something to la-giu on. That nun 
Is indeed fortunate who I* not bewildered 
by the variety of choice. These thing* are 
keenly appreciated hy Uie people of Tacoum, 
anil, what Is better, they are wire enough to 
*« that lire best thing that they ran do is to 
develop the natural resource* of the Stale as 
thoroughly us puasible. Bpeculallugin town 
lots i* ail very well in Its way, but it does 
not help the State, and what iloe« nr-l help 
tbe Stale cannot help the town. Iu my ula 
nervation urituag American cities I have 
found tbut real estate bourn* have invariably 
done inure harm than good. It would be an 
easy matter to point out cose* where com 
field* outside of Hie legiUnmtn line of devi l- 
opmeot «fe Ireld by pcnplu w ho bought them 
at the rate of #8011 a lot. I ant clad to see 
that the Tucuuix Chamber of Comnii'rce. 
Which is tire natural 1 easier in such matters, 
la guided by the rlfcht idea* of building u 
great city. Tbe secretary. Mr. C. A. Snuw- 
den. ati: •* We are going «n the theory Ibnt 
if we can get lire Stale settled, this city will 
be able to bold its own. Wc behove Hint 
Tacoma I* certain tn lie Hie metropolis of 
this emwmously rich State, and tliat wire! u.- 
have got to do now ia to get the Stole dcvel- 


SUPPLEMENT TO HAIi 



3. Pacific Avenue. i. Elevator and Cult Hunker*. 5. A View from Ituilraod Bridge, G. Mount Tara 


A Bit of Ninth Street. 



f 

K, 

tj;-- ; m* 


M 

pjr 


\ii*- BU 




fbKLY, JUNE 20 , 1881 . 


47 1 



r>?n’S. — D rawn nv Chari-e* Drahaw. 
tlie Union Club. 7. Alone the Wliarvt*. 


8. A Tacoma Saw Mill. 9. A Trpical Home. io. The oldfU IWI Tower in Amnim, II. The Tacoma TIikiIn, 


472 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


oped, ami that development will build the 
city." This U tin* sort of talk that Tacoma 
need* more Hum anrthing cUe: ami it is n 
talk, ton, (but should be bucked by sulwlaD 
tial died*. Tacoma and her Puget Sound 
neighbors arc almost loo youug a* yet to 
point to thing* done, but tbey can call atten- 
tion to things that they arc now doing, which 
will 1* something of u guarantee fur the fu- 
ture. 

Anyone nan ace the advantage of develop, 
ing the State, aud Incidentally of the effect 
that such development will have un the price 
of town lot* iu Taooma. Nearly all (be 
prraluctN of the Stahi nunt come to Puget 
Sound to market. This means a lively cur 
rying trade, not only by railway trains, hut 
by ocean-going vench; and at the points 
wln-rc the two come most advantageously to. 
gi-thcr I here will he the largest centres of 
population. Already the ocean currying trade 
lias become of respectable proportions. Ven- 
ae!.* now load ut Taooma for nearly alt pari* 
of tbe world. TIk> trade in tea from Japan 
bus grown so rapidly thnt entire ship loads of 
tea are now received at the Tacoma wbarvea. 
An effort is being made to foster this trade 
to tbe extent of mitkiug Tucomu one of tbo 
chief tea porta of the United States, I see 
no reason why it should not lie tuoceaifiil. 

There arc so many material possibilities 
within Tacoma's reach, and no many differ- 
ent kinds of resources to take into considera- 
tion, that in treating of them us n whole one 
hardly knows where to twgiit or when to 
lnvo off. The lapse of time and tbe devel- 
opment of tlie Stale will set all these tiling* 
uroiuht, so that the close of the next decode 
will tell us more aimed Tacoma than we can 
prophesy now. The people themselves have 
a faith In the future that is apparently aa 


steadfast u» the rock* of the Olympian range, 
and it would scorn to lie impossible that such 
faith could be misplaced, especially a* it i* 
upheld by energy that would carve out for- 
tune* fn mi a waterless deeerl What pleaae* 
and oftentimes surprises tbo Basicra traveller 
is the matter of- fact wav in which these Ta- 
coma people have set out to buiti! a city. 
They take «i many tilings for granted, that 
one cannot help ImlievSng iu them if be tried. 
They build private bonus that would lie n 
credit to Eastern cities of double the size; 
and as an apparent part of their tU'-thralics! 
proceeding lin y go about their social duties 
as though they hail been living in the place 
for a quarter of a century. The social side 
of a city is often a test of the faith of its 
people. I could point out pretentious cilies 
on the North American continent where 
very many good folk du not go into society, 
because they do not expect the city to outlast 
the social year, and they arc unwilling to 
form social relations that may at any mo- 
ment be dUaolrod by the collapse uf tbe 
town. 

•• It may seem strange to an Eastern per- 
son." said a Western lady to me not long ago. 
" but it l* a fact that I do not know my next- 
door neighbor. Tbey are very good people, 
too. I am told; but I cnniKit think of begin- 
ning a social existence here until my hus- 
band ia sure that the town will |»m. ami that 
the people will stay here. Meanwhile I have 
only mr husband uml my pony for company, 
loo-i.l of soc ial call* and such things. I have 
long rides in tbe country, and I realty know 
the rocks and bushes and hills for miles 
around much hetier than I know the par- 
lors of my neighbors' house*." 

There w little of this sort of thing in Ta- 
coma. The Indies have established their so- 


cial conditions na comprehensively as iu tbe 
older East, and to some extent the men have 
done the iuine. Tbe Eastern visitor to Ta- 
coma will And hardly any difference in the 
social atmosphere from that to which lie has 
been nceuaioined. with the exception, per- 
hupa, that the conversation is more than like- 
ly to have for iu chief topic tbe grow th and 
glory of the Pacific Northwest. I should 
think that. In view of the attending circum 
stances, this might be pardoned. When one 
cousidcrx the process of Tacoma’s growth — 
which is. after all, more of au impulse than 
a process— it is by no means strange that the 
materials for a social condition should be 
profusely abundant; yrt the wonder L* that 
these people should have time for society 
out r.f tike buriv-burly of their high-pressure 
civilization They prolmhly think more rap- 
idly than their Eastern friends, and certainly 
tbey wem to net much more quickly. Tbcir 
mental proem* is something of the nature of 
the instantaneous shutter of a pliotograpbie 
Inn. It will make a decision like a snap 
shot if occasion demands, or It will take 
plenty of time to it if there is anything to Im 
gained by delllientioa. This is peculiarly a 
Western attribute, which is caused chiefly 
by cireumslnncea. Tbe Eastern man gets 
It when bis mental faculties become accll- 
runted. Mental acclimation oftentimes costa 
a lot of money. It Is lew expensive in Taco- 
ma than in many places, mainly because there 
are not enough old settler* in the place to 
make themselves felt, It is usually tbe old 
settler cif a town who makes the new inbnli- 
itant'a education unduly expensive. Tbe de- 
fective moral quality cif bring a stranger is 
tuntelhlug that the old settler instinctively 
resents, and he early seeks opportunity to 
'•lake down " tbe stranger by all the liuau- 


dnl cunning that he can bring to bear. There 
is altogether loo much of this sort of thing in 
the West, aud presumably in tbe Kurlhweet, 
although many Eastern places would stand 
convicted on the same charge. It is more rep- 
rehensible in the West than in tbe East, be 
cause most Eastern towns arc not trying to 
attract new citizens, while Hie West is of 
necessity seeking new people and new capi- 
tal. In Tacoma, however, tlw- overwhelming 
preponderance of utter rt ranger* makes this 
sort of thing difficult, although the most char- 
itably disposed M(*OU could nut say that it 
did riot exist. Tacoma will do well to care- 
fully preserve her present enviable reputation 
for fair dealing ami commercial ItMicaly. 

I have every reason to believe Ibut in 
course of time Tncoiua will become one of 
the great trade centres of the United Stale*. 
Tim future rests quite us much with the peo 
pie tbemraWw mm w ith the natural mourcai 
of tbe Hlnte, and if tliey want f«.*n or live 
time* ** many houses on tbe doping liill-aide 
a* they have there now. they must expect In 
create the necessity for them. The natural 
location U in itself an incentive to tbe build- 
ing of line house*, us the views from it can 
hardly lie aurpawed in the Puget Sound re- 
gion. Tire dominating feature of tbe fnnd- 
wupe all about is the white bulk <if .Mount 
Tacoma, which rises Into I lie wiutlM-asIrrn 
*ky fnwn the wooded *tee|*» of the distant 
Cascades It l* not Ilia highest mountain in 
llie United States, nor is its a 'Cent a matter 
of more than ordinary difficulty, vet hoc in 
T aroma a good view of its massive while 
crown is worth something in actual cash. 
Town lots having a view of the mountain 
sell for more money in open market than 
those which look out upon tbo lea* pictu- 
resque country roundabout. 


THE PARIS THEATRE LIBRE. 

BY A C. TOWNSEND, 
the Tht-filre Libre waa made up of pieces 


\17TTHIX tlic post few day* an announce- 

' T me ut 1 ms gone the round* of the daily 
prut* to the effect tliat certnin of tlir leading 
roember* of Beaton society have determined 
U> establish in that city an uulitution founded 
upon tbe broad lines of the French Tbefflre 
Libre. Following aa it doe* upon tlic heels 
of a similar announcement from London, the 
news is at IttU calculated to provi>ke more 
or lens interest as to the history, aims, and 
general doings of tin* original scheme upon 
which the imitation i* baaed. To start with, 
it is somewhat unfortutulc that the title 
Th.Vurr Libre will not admit of exact trans- 
lation. " Free Theatre," the literal iranrin 
tlon, hardly exp leases what is meant to be 
convryed. for that, incur English-speaking 
tongue, would more hr less lmpl*a linuBr 
where dramatic cntcrlaiumeut is furuislMxi 
to i lie public or to a privileged audience freo 
of any cost of admittance. Surh is hr no 
means tin- end for which the TluTitre Libra 
was established, or which il* later imitator* 
have in view. It is tbe object of this article 
to give a clear and precise account of tlw 
exact conditions under which a handful of 
youug Parisian enthusiast* founded what i* 
dow an institution of world wide celebrity, 
aud cue which has already been duplicated 
in mote than our European city, and is now 
likely to And a home among our own jieuplc 
and "surrounding*. In Berlin the imitation 
intually exist* under tile title uf the Frm 
Biihn*. sin! a ‘elect circle of the dramatic 
world of fxmdon are at present busily en- 
gaged upon formulating a scheme with tlie 
■ante object* in view ii« those poowaavd by 
the founder* of the TheAtre Libre in Paris. 

Tlw French, or, to sneak more precisely, 
the Parisian, Ttie.it le Libra U in itself tbe out- 
come of a very recant movement- II* exist- 
ence is doe to the individual efforts of one 
man. and a man, too, of no special promi- 
nence in dramatic, literary, or artistic circles, 
hut Himply a youug clerk! engaged at u siiiall 
monthly salary in tin- offices of a certain gB* 
company in the French capital. His name is 
A wire Antoine, and his age even now I* hut 
thirty three, lie having Ik-pji bom ut Limoges 
in 1M8. Like many another toiler on the 
"three-legged stool.’' at a very early age lie 
became mage strut k. and y ruined to change 
the desk and ledger for the sick and buskin. 
Fate, however, uvmoi against him; his cir- 
rumManee- compelled him to earn a living as 
he went, and an attempt to gain admission to 
the dramatic claaara cl the Pari* Conran-*, 
loirn was uiMticcwfal. Hi* determination, 
not withstanding this failure, still remained 
olsitiualely Arm ; nor was a long absence from 
the capital aide to weaken »L Antoine was 
called away to serve Ids compulsory four 
ears in tbo army, but returned to Paris and 
office desk even more stage struck than 
before. Hi* firs; step was to join tbe Corel* 
GauloiH, a small bohemian club of draiualic 
tendrnr ina. whom members wen- in the hab- 
it of giving oocc a month a dramatic per- 
formance nt a Mimli bull called ihc Elysco 
des Beaux -Arts. in tbe suburb of Montmartre. 
It win iu tlie little theatre which till* build- 
ing contains that on Marrh 30, 1*37, tin- 
Puds Tlidfflre Libra lira came into practical 
and vrtuul existence. 

At the Cerda Gaidais Antoluc bad made 
tlie acquaintance of certain young dramatic 
nuilw-. Mich ns Artliur llyb Jules Yidal, 
Paul Alexl*. and Ltxm I In. tuque These pnr- 
tirulur names lire given for tlie reason that 
tlw programme of tltu flrsl |*.-rfonuuuce of 


from their several peo*. Byi wa* rc*jton 
sible for a abort sketch entitled f'n 1‘i'i- 
frt, Vidal for a piece culled f*t (Vunk 
To Alexis Itrlongrd the authorship of Bad- 
emoiuUe while Henblqo* bad re- 

cently enjoyed tbo doubtful distinction of 
tbe refusal, by the management of the Odi-uu, 
of hi* play Janjiu* jMmuur. Tim clur- 
artrra in these four pieces were allolU-d to 
tbe more dramatically gifted of tlie club's 
members, and, under the dirretimi and stage 
mauageuii-ut of youug Antoine, rehearsals 
were halt! in a siimII room in the Run dc 
Maistre, hired for Ibut purpose for tbe not 
extravagant sum of two franc* a ulglit. Kvcu 
this outlay, small ns it wus, was a csinsidcra- 
tion to the -'I in ^nrse* of th« young Thespi- 
ans, awl indeed it was found imp.wi-ibic to 
give the actual presentation until Antoiue'i 
monthly salary day came round. Out of hi* 
modest stipend, null the addition of a few 
francs siibseritMsl by Iun brother cnthua m M a , 
the rental of tbe little bolt awl the other in- 
cidental expense*, including costumes and 
properties, were paid. 

When the night of the performance ar- 
rived, tlw hull was tilled with an audience 
composed, for the most part, of friend* of 
the nmuii-ur*. but including ICTWlI literary 
Dien of prominence. a few theatrical tuin- 
ager* aud one or two critics connected with 
the lending journal*. Tlunigli the whole 
performance was a genuine mkxxms, the chief 
honors of tbe evening foil to llriiniiiui’’* play, 
Jitn/nn Jhmomr. bo pronounced Was the 
effect it produced upon the more critical por- 
tion of the audience, tliat tbe manager of the 
Odooo. tbo very man who bud previously re- 
fiised it, sought out the author, acknow- 
ledged bis error, mid asked for the option of 
purchasing the play. TIwmcccm of the bow 
undertaking was emphatically expressed in 
tire column* of tbe next morning * Journals. 
The reason of its existenrr — to afford young 
and unknown author* uml actor* an opjwr 
tunity of testing their individual nxcritM and 
capabilities — wa* pointed out, and congratu 
lotion* tendered the young eollnwluta for 
lludr resolve to render taenisel vrs indepemient 
of the ultra -conservative and inacceaalble 
Parisian tii<-atre». whet liet sulisldizi-d or not. 
Strongest ami most outspoken of their sup- 
porters wa* Rmik Bergcrat, the famous critic 
of the /Ygitnr, wIkim- pungent articles are 
written over the nvmdr plvuu of "Callliao.'' 

It is not surprising. Uicn, tliat immreliately 
upon the astonishing SUCCMtof their Oral en- 
deavor, Antoine and bis fellow-member* of 
the TlieAtre Libre determined to rvjH'ul the 
experiment. For this second event two relay* 
were at once put into rehearsal— Oscar Mt-ie- 
nier# Kh Fumiilt aud the critic Bergerat’a 
-Vtril JikqAiinr*y«<'. Tbe perfr, nuance was 
given on the night of Slay Hist, two month* 
lifter tlie club's initial attempt, ami upon tht* 
occasion the aucces* wa* i-wn more jure- 
nouneeil. Tin- aiKileiicc wns, if piaoiiile. of 
li lliglwr crade lliuu on the irirnuirahle even- 
ing in March. «nd Included every name 
among I'arisiau literary and dramatic circle*, 
unfamiliariiy with wbk'b would "argue one's 
self unknown." It is safe to say that Pari# 
that night contained no buppier or piuuder 
man than young Andre Antoine, anil this in 
Spite of tbe fact llmt the treasury of the The- 
fitre Libra found il*rlf face to face with a de- 
ftcll of some few hundred francs 

Tlie «-**nn wa* now t«K) fur advanced to 
admit of another performance being giv- 


en. but a determination wa* come to and 
publicly announced that a scries of regular 
monthly entertainments would be given 
throughout the ensuing autumn, Subjoined 
to the lumouncemi-nl was nil appeal, especial- 
ly directed to young litterateurs and utlHt. 
for suiMcriplion* to the whole course of eight 
performances. For a single /a ufrtrif. or or- 
chestra mat, the amount fixed upon was one 
hundred francs, or twenty dollars in our own 
currency. In addition to this, an nppea) wua 
made to the better-known and n cul liner mem- 
bers uf the literary world, and aim to a portion 
of the Parisian world of fasti ion, for pecunia- 
ry assistance This latter jwtitioa, however, 
did not produce morn than acme seven or 
eight hundred dollars, white of the bun- 
dled seat autiecrlpUuoa aaked for but thirty- 
seven were token up. Still Antoine's enthu- 
siasm was equal to tlie emergency, He re- 
signed his clerkship iu tbe gas’ company's of. 
flee, and from that day until this has devoted 
himself entirely to Uic affairs of rise scheme 
which he originated. His first step was to 
leone some suitable room* In the Rue Blanche, 
where- rehearsals might take place and oili- 
er burineM of Uhi institution be properly at- 
tended to. These room* are still the lwwd 
quarter* uf the Theatre Libre. 

On tlie evening of November 11. lrw?. the 
play of .Saar PKjlovtbx, u dramatixalion by 
Byi and Vidal of the brothers Guncrairt * fa- 
moua novel, was given at tlie same little thea- 
tre of the Elyara <lc* Bcaux-Art*. It wa* ilie 
Inst performance the birthplace of the TbBln 
Libre w as to sec. So greul w as the applause, 
aud so emphatic the expression of iltc audi- 
ence'* approval . that the luudlurd wua seized 
with fear for the *nf«tv and stability of hi* 
building, and firmly refused to allow another 
nerfonnonce to U- given within it* wall*. 
Nothing daunted by tbe action of lliis excep- 
liiinallr conscientious laud lord. Antoine and 
bis folio • era immediately migrated u> a sub- 
urban theatre called the (iaiete Manipur 
nasre. w litre the remaining performances of 
the *cric* were given in due order. The 
whole season was a vast success: It* receipts 
were dOM upon clcTcn tlinusand frnnrs, 
while the number of regular subecrlben bad 
rist n to seventy -eight. Tit* chief successes 
of the season (IW7-8) were Heuniques 
EtiKtr Brandi* ; 1st Frmmt fit Tafntrtn, of 
the poet; Cm idle Meadh; Dc Banvillc* 1* 
Bairn r ; Tolstoi's /'lirowrivrt' <U* fMbw; 
and one of the pantomime performam-v* now 
so murii in vi iguc - l*aul Margiieritle* J Vrrvf. 
Aaaiaat'n 'If it Ffmmt So ended the socond 
year of the sturdy infant tbe Thcdtre Libre. 

Its third seosuti opened with a subucription 
list of 230. and a balance to iu credit of 
over thirty five thousand francs. An ar- 
rangement" had meanwhile been made with 
tin; iiroprictors of tlie Minus I’lai'iru in the 
Boulevard dc Strasbourg, whereby that house, 
more conveniently situated than the Guieic 
Montparnasse, was placed ar tlm club'* dl* 
poanl for one night in each month. YYitli 
tbe funds now ai bis iJi-|mihh), Antoine «>( 
at last iu a |>osition to compensate hi* nswoci- 
oti-s far Ibeir time und serviotw, and to in- 
dulge iu tbe necessary outlay for more ade- 
quate raenery anil accessories Fromiuent 
among tlie riiccc*m* of lsn-f-9 were La 
P.ittif rn Ikingtr, of the brnllier* Goncoiirt; 
Caluile Memlet's Im Rnne FLtmuirttt ; Hcn- 
nb|ltc'* Ln Iforl dm Bur /T Knghuu ; Zola's 
Sf.nltirini, anil George Aucey'a Lr* lrri)Mtra- 

The season of 183b- 5*0 was not marked by 


any special change In tbe policy ami admin- 
btration of tin; Tlowtre Libra. Another 
work of Ancry'a, I.' find* J/t )>irf>. met with 
especial favor, a* did Is* Print Zrrngnnno, 
n draiuuiiziition of Edmond dc Gonrourt'* 
liook, Jean Jullieti's Lr JUaitrr, and Ibsen's 
Hrrtnant*. 

During lire season which is now jn*t draw- 
ing to It* clone the Tliffitre Libre has grown 
to be regarded as a fixed and permanent in- 
stitution. Its Mibst-rilx-rs have now reaebrti 
the number of eight hundred, and so great 
has becu the demand for seal* at its presenta- 
tions that it wa* found decenary tu give each 

E formanra in duplicate, so n» to iircoimtin- 
B tlw crowd* uf would In; spectator*. For 
tlicac sixteen performances tlw Kul>«crlptio»a 
have am. moled to no U«« than 7.1, hut) fmoc* 

It ikuy als>> be mrnlinncd that during dki 
aeaKiu of l*WS-9 Antoiin- and his troupe ap- 
peared in London in one or two of their chief 
sui-L-esses, while hut year they visited Bros 
sel* for the same (NirpOM During tlie pur 
sent season they Tiara given several jm rform- 
anrcM at the famous Forte Saint Martin, pro- 
renting Boniface's Ttiul* Isrwfiur and the 
prolific Heimlque * Bur! dn Ihie <T Kugltun. 

While on (his point, it i* most inlerreting to 
note that twenty three of the plays first pro- 
duced bv the Tin-litre Libre during it» three- 
years of existence have been tircept<d by 
and played at other and regular tlwatrra. 
Henniquc's Janjne* Btinumr enjoyed a pro* 
perous run at the Oleou, w hile Theodore dc 
Jlanrille's Bamr Im* been liooored by it* in- 
clusion in the repertory of tlie CVmifdie 
Fran i^aise. The total number of new and 
original plays produced in there three years 
ha* been 125. Tbe work* of over sixty au- 
thors and rom posers have been iulrud'ucerl 
to an intelligent portion of Use public , at 
least one half of whom were previously un- 
known even by name. It must not lie *up- 
posed that this list i* composed of writers of 
mediocre talent, for it includaa the naiiM-s of 
wicll men aa Ibsen, TolaloT, Zulu, Tourguo- 
nief, and Goncourt 

In one reaped tlie Tiiektra Libra hat been 
fortunate, It* performances having bran 
strictly private, tlie purr base of admission at 
llw doom being imnosaible. and an entree 
only to be obtained by subu-riptlon or mvi- 
tat ion, any supervision by the government 
censors ha* been avoided. In the light of 
recent theatrical happening* in IVrta. nota- 
bly the unorcountable suppression of Sar- 
dou's Thrrmidor, the advantage of lira im- 
munity it apparent. With a very few ex- 
cepliona. every part in the pieces pUyed by 
tlw TbfftUV Lllira iius been undertaaen by 
amateurs, or. more correctly speaking, by 
Ukc« not ucluat meiulH-rs of tlw .lrantatSc 
prnfrMton. ,S ud re Antoine himself is u most 
finished and clever actor, unexcelled in iiia 
own jarllculnr stylo by any member of lire 
Parisian ltogc. To quote an experU-lidHl 
and com|M.-tent critic: "There is no odor, 
not even the great l 'oqiwlin himself, wlw i* 

Ins auperior in exquisite naluraiiu-ss; n<> act* 
or who giro* you more delicate liitjin-wiuna 
of art ora inure complete illusion of reality.” 

Of what Id* ordmnry iiitciligvncc and hi* nd- 
ininislnil ivc alulitii * arc. llw tmeecss of Ihc 
Thftllre Libra la the bret pn-.f Under Ida 
guidance it now afford* to young authors 
and actor* a tiiunce for tin- display, or ut * 
least for tlie trial, of xuch talent and ability ,-ia 
they may j «.*«■!« without die year* of w.’nr v 
w lilting at the door* of ibe more convcatir 
nl and tradition-huund l'aiisiaa theatre*. *t Ti 





NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JUNE 27, 1801. 


# 


THE Si'll l' 111! AX FINISH— Dhawx bt T. dk Tntturruu- ISbk 1’aob 47® ] 


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HARPER'S WEEKLY 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO l«f | 


HARPER'S MAGAZINE 

FOR JULY. 

OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, 
lly GlOICX William Ci-IIIL With I'orimn . cn^wl from 
* recent photograph. 

LONDON— SAXON AND NORMAN 
By WALTER HnvM Wiih JO illustration* 

TIIF WARWICKSHIRE AVON 
Third Paper. By A. T. QltU.RR CorcH. Willi 34 illintr*. 
liuns tiy Alfred I'sR'iin*. 

ClIRlSTIANITV AND SOCIALISM. 

By lh« Kn ). M. BicKLOV, l> I>. 

SOME AMERICAN RIDERS. 

ThinI Piper. lly Col. T. A. Doiki*. U S. A. With » full- 
| <**!*" illustrations In mi paintings by FREDERIC KswixoroS 

BRITICISMS AND AMERICANISMS. 

By Bramikh M ati hews. 

THE REPUBLIC OF PARAGUAY. 

By ThKOPORB CHILD. Willi Map ami 13 Illustrations 
AN IMPERATIVE DUTY. 

Pari I. by William Dean Howells. 

PETER IBBETSON. 

Part II By Groanr. MaCRIFR. With 14 ilhislratioeis 
(nun drawing* I»y the Author. 

THE MARQUEE DE VALDEFLORES. 

A Sinn- By Thomas A. Janvier. With 5 illustration* 
drawn by W. T. ShBDUEY. 

• DAD’S GRAVE." 

A Sketch. By I El win Smith. 

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENTS: 

•' Editor's Easy Chair," "Editor's Stvdv," "Editor's 
Drawer.” 

Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. 


Harpers Weekly, 

No. 1801. 

WITH COVER. AND ‘VPPl.fcMRNT CoVTAINIXO 
AS H.I.nrTRATIUN IN TINT. ENTITLED " TUB 
jAPANRHh rRRTIVAI. TO MONO DAMH,” DRAWN 
BT f. D. WELDON. 

TERRS : IU IlMT* 4 tOt*l—$» RO A TEAR. IX MnXO. 

AshariryViuti* Duly hyin nii euy .YmiiiAtt. 


omo and McKinley. 

rPHE Republican* of Ohio, willi great enthusiasm, 
1 anti ala Convention tiuprecetleiitedly large, hare 
nominated Mr, MrKlNLKY for the Governorship. Mr. 
SHKKMAX and other noted leader* were present. and 
the nominating speech urn* made by Mr FoKaKEK. 
The hold of tliat gentleman upon his pnrty is difficult 
In understand; but w luili-ver it lie, tlie circumstances 
of the occasion allowed great party uuanimity , There 
is 1111 doubt, ns we snid u week or two wince, tliat the 
Ohio campaign will be watched with great interest, 
and iLs result will lie indicative of the ehanictrr of 
the national contest next year. If Mr. McKinley 
should be elected by a derided majority, the Itepubli 
runs will force the fighting in 'JI2 upon the issue of 
'N8, Should lie lie defeated, the JtemocralR would do 
llie same. But the Republican confidence is show 11 
by the enthusiastic unanimity of llie nomination mid 
tile jubilant spirit of the Con vent ion. The party lead 
ers are very sure of success, or they would not have 
challenged a light not only upon protection, hut upon 
that form of it known n» the McKinley tariff They 
know, of course, that defeat tins year in Ohio upon 
the tariff hill and its author as platform nnd can- 
didate, following the general result of the autumn 
elections last year, would lie almost a decisive blow 
to the Republican party, and certainly forecast Re- 
publican defeat next year. 

Oil the other hand, the election of Mr. Me K IX LEY 
by a large vote would show clearly a reaction from 
the feeling of iusL autumn, and a reconsideration 
of the verdict against the tariff. Congress would 
meet with the Republicans inspirited, and eager to 
offer a thoroughly orgnuixed opposition to u large 
Imt cumbrous majority apprehensive of itself, and it 
is by uo means sure that the session would not end 
with IVmnrralir prospect* clouded by Democratic 
legislation. It must not be forgotten, on the oilier 
hum), that Ohio is generally a Republican Btute. and 
tliat unusual efforts will lie made for Republican. sue- 
cess for llie reasons already mentioned It is lung 
since a Slate election has n hi 1 mu tided such interest, 
mid should Governor Campbell lie renominated by 
the Democrats, bulb parlirs will have a represents' 
live who** personality strengthen* his party. Gov- 
ernor Campbell has been aide to justify the high 
anticipations which attended his election. As with 
his fellow -Democrat. Governor I’attihkix, of Pennsyl- 
vania. Iuh personality and his tifliciul conduct have 


conciliated general regard and respect, and have so 
been of great service to his party. 

Ill the sum t* way Mr. McKinley, by character, abil 
ity. and public service, is a candidate whose personal 
itv will aid his party. Hi* name is identified with 
it* chief policy and it* most important recent public 
measure. He will advocate it tipou the stump with 
knowledge and skill, and his argument will carry 
with it a not ineffective appeal to the pride of Repub. 
licau Ohio. But for hint still more than his election 
as Governor of Ohio is involved in the campaign. 
Should he be elected, and the tariff consequently lie- 
come certainly the national issue of next year, lie 
must become necessarily an important figure in tlie 
speculation* for tlie Presidential nomination. He 
would be quite us available a* President Harrison. 
It cannot tie said (bat his constant public appearance 
since the result of last year’s elections has injured 
his personal prestige. It ha* rather increased it. and 
it has introduced him personally to a larger circle of 
llie country. For all linn reasons the course of po- 
litical events in Ohio will be followed attentively. 
Tlie DomorraU will not evade the issue which the 
nomination of Mr. McKinley present*. Tlie cam- 
paign will be one of education, and fortunately the 
character of both candidates, assuming the Demo 
erotic nomination of Governor Campbell, will pre- 
vent a diversion of interest to personal and official 
accusation*. It ought to be a campaign of educa- 
tion for tlie country as well as for Ohio. 

SOUTH CAROLINA UNIONISM SIXTY 
YEARS AGO. 

Thr student of political questions will find tlie pu 
pent in the Political Science Qimrfnly of timely in- 
terest. The Vuarteri]/ ha* entered upon its sixth 
volume, and the second number of tlie volume, which 
is just issued, contains several notable articles. In- 
deed all of them arc valuable, and llie excellent rec- 
ord of political event* at the end of every number is 
very serviceable. The <^uni-trrl)f is edited by the 
university faculty of political science of Columbia 
College; and Professor J. \V. IU’NiiBMa. of tliat facul- 
ty, contribute* to the June number a consideration 
of our international responsibility— a subject to which 
general attention ha* been recently railed by the 
correspondence with Italy in regard to the murders 
by the mob in New Orleans. An interesting paper 
in tlie present number, also, is a brief account of the 
Union party in South Carolina during the nullifica- 
tion epoch of sixty years ago. by Gaillard Hunt. 
Tlie facts stated are in detail known to few, nnd in 
general only to students of our ]iolitics. 

When the civil war begun tberv wen* a few noted 
South Carolina names conspicuously identified with 
llie cause of the Union. But the Slate of CtUIOOH, 
with these few exceptions, seemed to bo united in de- 
fence of bn views. Mr Hunt points out that seven- 
ty years ago the State of South Carolina was singu- 
larly isolated in feeling from the Union. Not tlie 
country at large nor tlie union of States, but his own 
State, was the object, carefully cultivated, of the boy's 
devotion and pride It was an intensely provincial 
life which such feeling fostered, and tlie conditions 
of slavery imposed upon it made the little communi- 
ty a strict oligarchy, The spirit expressed ill the 
Virginia ami Kentucky resolution* of '98, and in the 
Hartford Convention of 1814. a latent distrust of 
union and readiness to secede, was the dominant 
political feeling of the State. Tlie local agitation be 
gan with the remonstrance against the fund bill, the 
protective tariff of nearly seventy year* ago. The 
protest w as an expression of the general feeling that 
the hill was unjust, although not absolutely uncon- 
stitutional. In lHtffi. however, the IjegUlutlirr dc- 
nmiueed it a* unconstitutional, but no action was taken. 
Ill IRM "the woollens bill” wu* pa-**ed by Congee**, 
and a violent explosion of hostile feeling followed in 
South Carolina, which plainly contemplated resist 
anee. This produced a strong declaration of loyalty 
to the Union, supported l»v aonir of the chief leaders 
of public opinion in tlie State, and the division of sen- 
timent was very bitter. The Union men were all op- 
|Hisrd to a high tariff as unconstitutional, unjust, nnd 
oppressive, hut lltey discountenanced nil method* of 
violent ns ire**. 

Tlie Union men were distributed evenly throughout 
the Stale, lull the stronghold was Charleston, and thr 
name* of IaJwxdkk, PmnuLK. Guimkk. PrrTIOKr. and 
Dayton showed tlie social importance of the party 
Disunion or nullification became the issue in local 
politic*, and divided society also. Tlie arguments for 
union wen- those which subsequently bei-ame so fa 
miliar to the country, to which Webster gave per- 
manent form in hi* reply to IIaYNE. Nullification 
was denounced by itouth Carolinian* in South Caro- 
lina a * l reason and rebellion, and an nrmed conllicl 
wa* contemplated as probable. Events, however, fol- 
lowed the usual law in Mich situations. Tlie extreme 
view prevailed, and as the nullification sentiment 
took more threatening form, it captured many of 
the Union men. But even after the Nullification 
Convention of 18.12 had finished its work, a Stale 
Convention of the Union party was held, and Ran 
Pell lll'NT introduced the resolution* of which the 


Aral declared "that the Union party acknowledge 
no allegiance to any govern men t except that of .. 
United Stales The Nullification Con vent ion. lid* 
ever, was ready for secession if “ coercion *' should b* 
attempted. The result was really a victory for i«e 
Nullification party. If it did not get all it desired. i; 
obtained much more than might have been expected 
The Union parly was crushed. Some of its mem- 
bers left tlie State, and henceforward there was little 
opposition to tlie dominant party. The article •* « 
interesting study. It thinks that tlie fallacy of Cal 
H orn's theory of the compatibility of the right of 
cession with union was nowhere more clearly sera 
or more simply and conclusively exposed than kr 
those who were moat devoted and honored South- 
Caroliuiaus. 

MEN, NOT PRINCIPLES. 

The address of the Democratic State Committee of 
Kentucky to the Democrat* of that State show* au 
apprehension that there may be tome divention upon 
wind it calls a side i**ue. Tlie real question it al- 
lege* to be the reduction of (axes to a legitimate 
limit. On other question* it hold* that a Democrat 
docs not cease to lie one because of any view that lie 
may hold, and tlie address define* Democracy in a 
phrase which recalls Governor Hili.k remark. "I 
am n Democrat." " He is a Democrat.” says the 
Kentucky* committee, "who votes the Democratic 
ticket," Tliat is to say. whoever can get a regular 
party nomination represent* the party. If a friend 
of free silver secures tlie regular Democratic noinitia 
lion in a district, that fact determine* that he is a 
D emocrat, and good Democrat* may vote for him. 
If an anli-free-silvrr man should secure the same 
prixe in tlie next district, lie is a good Democrat, and 
the faithful may support him. But if a protection- 
ist. like the late Mr. Randall, procures llie regular 
nomination in still another district, he b not a g<«*l 
Democrat, because llie tariff is not a side issue. But 
no provision is mud* for this situation. The address 
says only tliat lie is a Democrat who vote* the Dem- 
ocratic ticket, and certainly in Mr. Randall'* cose 
the ticket was always Democratic. 

The only significance of such a party deliverance 
in legat'd to the political situation is that the night 
is very dark. It is certainly an amusing sliding 
scale of party principles that whatever view in * 
convention succeeds in nominating a ticket i* the 
principle of the party. There are doubtless ques- 
tions upon which there will be difference* within a 
pnrty. Bui tlie idea of party does not allow differ 
ehce U|kui question* so important as to he subjects of 
platform declaration. If a good party man may 
differ from the platform at all, he may certainly 
choose iiis (mints of difference. If the platform de- 
clares for civil service reform, for instance, and an 
opponent of reform is regularly nominated as a can 
didate, a vote for him cannot make a good party man 
of tlie voter who holds the principle a* declared by 
the platform Or is it the man and not the measure 
the candidate and not tiie principle, which ia to be 
considered ? Mr. BUCHANAN, who is good Demo 
erotic authority, said in 1856 that his individuality 
was merged in the platform, He held that it w»* 
the party principle and policy, not the candidate 
who merely symbolixad them, that the voter must 
consider. 

It is, of course, good mugwump doctrine that a 
man of |>er*oiia1 un worthiness is not to be voted for 
merely because he ha* secured a nomination. Mug 
wMinp* hold that voting for a man who buy* a nom- 
ination, for instance, cannot become proof of party 
orthodoxy' without causing great mischief in llie 
pnrty. RoMUOO Bohuia, Pope Alexander Sixth 
used to sajr tliat Papa ALEXANDER must not be held 
responsible for the conduct of 8er Rodriuu. Hut 
when some inquisitive fellow asked what will become 
of Pope Alexander when Rodrioo Boruia goes b> 
hell, lu* Holiness had uo convenient reply. There 
are great risks in voting for a friend of fret* rum l«e 
cause he i* nominated by a party of low taxes, while 
there iv ou Id lie no risk in voting fora frieud of low 
taxes although he also favored a railway to the 
moon, because tliat is not a present question. Tlie 
situation, as tlie Kentucky address plainly show-*, re 
quires very delicate handling. But one of its diffi- 
culties is that in trying to nay nothing there is great 
danger of raying too much. It is a situation in 
which ail parlies that propose to steal fish must be 
sure of the length of tln-ir coats. 

FLUCTUATIONS OF PARTY FAVOR. 

The fiuciuntinn of political favor wa* shown in the nr 
counts of the preliminary pro reeding* of the late Ohio itr- 
putdican Convention. Sriutnr Srkhm an i» a lender »r whom 
llie Ohio Republicans may be justly proud. Ex Govern sir 
FobaKRR. to llie country at large, i« * very different figure 
But the crest enthusiasm of Ha- boar w»* for Mr Forakek 
li was not *iiip;i«<Hsl by that for Mr. McKinley, white the 
reception of Mr. Sherman's nnnie was respectful, indeed, 
but no more 

Yet among Rrpublicnu statesmen now firing, none cer 
tninly take* preoedenci- of Mr Siikkman. He uud Senator 
Emtixns and Senator IIoak maiutain in character and »t»U- 



K'Xt 57. lJ»t. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


Ityind public service the Republican tradition, nod no In- 
teiligcnt Hcpulilitnn in Oliin lint must feel Ibo significance 
of the preference of the enthusiasm of the party for Mr. 
rnRAKRR rather Ibnn for Mr. Bukhman. In hi* .speech 
M Capitol Square in Columbus. Mr. McKimlky raid that 
tie party could look hock without shame. Hut is not lire 
backward glance inspiring because it reveal* leader* like 
Smkiimvx. Eovcxm, Chase. Skwahh. Si maeh, LixcolxT 
Would it lie inspiring if It were a vista of Qcay. Ditdlky, 
Pi. att, Fohakkh, and other ooiiaplcitona chiefs of the pre- 
terit timet 

Hr. Forakkr ia understood in aim at Mr. SaeRMA.s'a seal 
is the Senate, or at A DoRiinalion fur the Vice Presidency 
wlili Mr. Blaine. Aa a suceewnr to Mr. Siikrmam, Mr. Fora- 
krr. eitlrer ns Senator or President of tbe Senate, would be an 
•Keedlngly suggestive figure. It was a fair bit at tbe Dem- 
ocrats. during the Convention, that a Senator should not u* e 
hi* mat to money, and should be a resident of the Stale, be- 
eaiire it is understood dial money played a large part in tbe 
election of Senator Payer, wliiln Senator Brick llvea largely 
out of the State. lint it is no less true that a parly should 
select its ablest and most distiiiBuished and experienced 
■tat email fur the Senate, nnd its prestige suffers by rejecting 
such a man quite as much as by selecting an absentee. 

ANOTHER GREAT COLLEGE GIFT. 

A ¥oxo tiwi pleasant announcement* of tire Commence- 
ment M-aron U that of the gift of n million dollars to Colgate 
University in New York, formerly Madison University. from 
.Iamks II. Couiatk. Tiie same institution nh© receives one 
hundred and fifty tliousnnd dollnrs from the sumo munifi- 
cent le-ncfnctor, and it* Iheologiral seminary the sum of 
eighty thousand duilara from the estate of ELI 1‘khrt, of Al- 
bany. Mr. CoLOATR calls his gift the Dodge Memorial 
Fund, in eomnieiuorulLm of his friend tlw lute President of 
the University, Bhbx Doikik, and he coutemplalea the ex- 
penditure of lire income for the development of Lite institu- 
tion in accordance with (lie views of Dr. Donas. 

ThU gift i« of n kind which l* distinctively American, and 
Mr. CoiiOAT* wisely makes it while be is still living and can 
wolelt lire results. The gifta for educational purpose* ia 
this country within the last few year* are very grant, and 
one of the best signs of tire limits is the fact that the higher 
institutions of ienrning do not decline, hut, on the crmtmry. 
offer enlarged fu-ilitie* in every department of study, and 
pass urnler the control of men who are not only qualified ns 
scholars, hut a* incu uf affairs and administrative ahiiity. 
The number of young men of the heel modern spirit who 
are now at the head of suclt institutions is very great. 

While the range of the college scheme of study is enlarged, 
there U no reason to Iwlievc that its Mauriiml Is decUnlng, 
and while applied science now bolds a place in Imporruuoe 
formerly unknown, lire fact does not necessarily imply neg- 
lect of philosophical, or what is known as classical study. 
Indeed, it is doubtful whether the value of " higher educa- 
tion," not only for the learned professions, but for itaclf, 
was mr more generally acknow Irdged. 

TORRID COMMENCEMENT WEATHER. 

DiTtnto tbe (ommrncement exerews on a torrid day. a 
clergyman, melting in hi* black hraadcloth, turned to a melt, 
ing brother, listening with him to tire wisdom of lire gradu- 
ating Seniors, nnd murmured. "Brother .luXK*, the Ireart, mis- 
trusting. asks if this lie joy." It is a question which has been 
asked with profound feeling during lire recent Commence- 
ment celebrations In Hie pcrfervld days, ami It U n bard fate 
for tire young orator, who ha* I teen anticipating for long 
months tire culminating moment of hi* college course, to fiml 
tbe charm* of hi* eloquence competing with the mercury 
at n hundred ia lire shade, or with a tremendous thunder- 
storm. 

The tradition of June Commencements seems In lie so firmly 
established that it cannot now be disturbed, and whether the 
lu-art mistrusts lire joy Dr not. the exercise* must pmcred- 
But we are cajoled hv the wonl with which we are taught to 
describe our zone. Nothing could be more intemperate Uiau 
llm recent weather, or the wentlrer which June generally 
brings. In s<|Utbern Europe or lire tropics no more trying 
bents are experienced, and even iu India it is not the degree 
of bent, but its persMcnre. which U I'xtiuuMlog. 

It Is, happily, the waut of that persistence which is lire 
considaiUui uf our hot weather. We know that our " healed 
terms " will not la«t long, and that three or four hot days w ill 
end in it Morin and relief. In lire mean time, the press, that 
itnlversnl friend nnd munscllor, a* usual, wisely fulfils its 
office by advising us all to keep cool. It i* a counsel like 
that of Dhkkkh's street crowd, which ml vised the smaller boy 
iu the fight to go in ami win. In these bouts of hot weather, 
however. It Is tire other sale that wins, and the pres* can only 
confirm the promptings of tire good arose of every render in 
urging moderation, aim! tire advice of the philosopher In 
" «w-k tire shade, and find w isdom in the neglect " of all un- 
MMMMjr effort. 

BACCARAT AND POLITICS. 

Tttr. excitement produced in Knglaod by the baccarat 
sr-ntiilal lias not declined as we write, and Is very suggestive. 
I>r. I* ahxka'h remark in Ills pulpit iu London expreases tire 
■mire real conviction: '* Not a mutt or woman connected with 
tin* Iwtcanii ease come* out of It with tire slightest honor.'’ 
All the collateral revelations enhance the unpleasant facts, 
Everybody feel*, and justly. Hint it is a kind of national dis- 
grace. and no Englishman but has an uncomfortable convtc- 
l iuit tliat other countries nrr smiling at England. 

Tbe Prince of Wide* i* the scapegoat, and bears the male- 
dictions. Bnt with a incl which, if not Ills own. Ire had (Ire 
good ran** to approve, Ire ha* put forward Mr Ki>wahi> 
BTAjotoric, Secretary at War. to say in Parliament tliat the 
Prince now sec* the error of Judgment which he committed 
in not requiring Sir William GukuomCtomiau i turned late- 


ly to report the matter to bis commanding ulTleer. The same 
tact, from whatever sotiroe supplied. Induced Mr Stax rote 
to add on cxpix-tt-lon of bis private opinion (but It was cer- 
tainly a natural hesitancy which |*aused in taking a course 
which must have blighted an old friend's career Irretrievably. 

Of course an expression of regret by a Field- Marshal In 
tire British army that Ire had condoned clreating at cards hy 
a brothrr officer would not be accepted if tire Fichl-MarshoJ 
were not the " King tliat dull he." The truth is that Eng- 
lish society lias been brought fare to face with wliat lire 
French call an impossible situation. The quality of the man 
who is to be K ing has been conspicuously demonstrated. No- 
laxly i« deceived, or pretends to be. It U not a folly of youth 
which Is to be forgiven; it is tire revelation of the habile and 
character of a man which are to lie endured, and the revela- 
tion is not whispered or hinted. It bt a matter of evidence 
in court, of a jury verdict, of acknowledgment In Parliament 
The political results of tbul famous game of baccarat will bo 
important. 

DESIRABLE IMMIGRATION. 

Tint Omaha lice says that " lire country cannot now af 
ford to exclude worthy foreigners who come bt-re to make 
homes, to assimilate with nur people, to give their industry 
to the material development of the country, nnd to become 
consumers of the products of our farm* and factories." It 
Is certainly undeniable that there can be no objection to de- 
sirable Immigrants. That is true now. a* it bus been true 
always. But tbni is not the queMion uf immigration. It is 
tire undesirable Immigrants, in the first place, and then the 
syMem which stimulates abnormal Immigration. 

During tlie last decade more than five millions of foreign- 
ers came to llii* Country. In Hungary, Poland, and Buraia 
age u U are busily engaged, nut in the interest of Anwrirnn 
industry, politics. and prosperity, but solely for tire profit of 
steamship and emigrant companies, to aitruci and despair h 
immigrants to our shores. American laws are passed to re* 
due* the chances of employment of wurknreu in Europe, 
and *« to invite them to America. This U not a system of 
natural iminigrntloa. It is the abnormal stimulus of an ab- 
normal Immigration. This Is the question, and not wlrether 
intelligent, thrifty, skilful, *Dd worthy people will Ire wel- 
come 

The prerent system tend* to bring to this country the 
mast worthies* people, who liare no capacity to become use- 
ful und desirable citizens, and whose coming is a just rearon 
for public anxiety. Even should Urey go at once to some 
part of the country where they might find employment, Urey 
would not lie nectMarily a gain, unless Ute mere increase 
of numbers, wholly irrespective of character *>r capacity , is a 
gain. A republican government cannot bo wisely controlled 
by n tnUofllnneoux and Ireterogeneous multitude of people 
who have no common language, faith, traditions, customs, 
or intelligence, merely because they luvc been dumped upon 
the American continent. Constitutional liberty is to be 
maiulaintHl only upon certain conditions. Bepublican gov- 
ernment was possible lit this couutry a liuadred yean ago, 
wlren it whs organized here. Bui ll would uol have been 
possible In central Axis. The question of lire regulation of 
Immigration Is a question to be determined by facts and re- 
flection, not by saying that desirable immigrant* are to be 
desired. 

UNIVERSITY EXTENSION. 

Tnr. Legislature of New York, at its htte session, appro- 
priated $10,000 to be expended by tbe Regents of tire Uni- 
versity in exli'Diliug to such communities of the Slate as 
may Ire desirous of cooperating with them opportunities 
aod facilities for higher education. In order more fully to 
inform the public mind sud lo invite practical suggestions, 
one of the Begents of Ute University offers n prize nf fttXI 
for lire best brief article for newspaper or magaxine u|»n 
ike aJvaniagea anti brat methods of university exleusion. 

“Three copies of the paper or magaxine containing tire com- 
peting article* •houW lie fib*! with tire secretary of the university 
by J-ily 1st if practicable, soil tire prise sill be awarded at the 
annual university con rotation in tire Senate-Chamber nt Albany, 
July H iu H», 1»9I. Tirere *tv »o Imlutians as to treatment nr 
length, ami in awarding tile prise the force of the paper will be 
orosMeiad rather than lire literary form, Three wbo intend to 
romprte sliouhl apply for documents, ubich ra ill be sent five l>y 
the American Society fur the Kttvnelm* of University Tekchiuc, 
HUM chestnut Utter*. P.iikdnlpliU; by lire University and School 
Extension, PoaLoffioe Hoi 1*2, Brooklyn, X. Y. ; and bv tire Re- 
gents' Ml ire, Utuverriiy of tire Star of New York, Albany.’’ 

A University Extension Council will be appointed from 
candidates selected hy tbe colleges and universities nf lire 
State, and the general interest in Hie subject on lire part nf 
tlie colleges and teachers will secure for the new system a 
fair aud Intelligent trUL 

RECOGNITION OF THE CHILIAN 
REVOLUTIONISTS. 

Tub insurgent* in Chili have naked the European govern- 
ments for a recognition nf belligerency; that is to say. that 
Urey shall be treated a* making legitimate war. It is a re- 
quest that they shall he acknowledged os a power on lire 
same footing with the government of HAt.MACKUA.atid equal- 
ly entitled to the Mute treatment which Ire receives. This is 
a request of the highest importance. Its ronccwaion would 
Ire u moral vldory for tbe insurgent*, and tbe first step taw 
ard tlrelr Independence and the overthrow of tire govern 
tophi of Chill with which at present other government* hold 
diplomatic relation*. 

Ilasty recognition of belligerency is always mischievous, 
lreouire it may serve merely to prolong a contest which U 
really hnpHrw, nnd so to increase bloodshed, suffering, and 
low. When tire present United Slates were British oohminB 
striving for their independence, it was very long before tlrey 
receivevi such recognition. When they were u great power 
menaced by the armed tectwoon of a ( km federal ion of 
States, they regarded tlie busty rucoguiliuu of the Confeder- 


•175 

ary of States, in Stover's plmijc, though plnitsibie in form, 
as none the less injurious or unjustifiable. 

Our sympathies ant naturally witb a revolution which t* 
apparently maintainni by a people again*! an army com* 
nuoded hy a chief who has unquestionably acted illegally 
in important mailers, and who has dispersed a (‘lUigreh* hy 
which he was deposed. Tire American inMinrt is well cx- 
prewsnt by a remark which was made at tlie time of tire 
trouble between AxniiLW Joiixmik und Congress: “I don't 
know the precise merit* of the quarrel, but in a light I mn 
for Cong res* a* against tbe Executive." So fur ns there- L« 
any popular feeling in tbu country upim the Cliilinn revolu- 
lion. It is not for Bai u*< »:ixa Tire question, however, is 
not to be decided by general syrapatliy, but hy tire armal 
situation. IUlmackua is supp<irt«vl by the army, and there- 
fore liohls tlie larger part of tbe country, aud a Congre** 
eleeWd under military atupicea suMain* blm. The insur- 
genw hold four of the eighteen provinces and the navy, and 
are upheld hy the Congress of ISMft, which is lire l««l Con 
grew* elected without military Mipervbion This Congress 
is tire only present aocewdble rrpreseiilntivc of the pofHlhir 
will, and it may lie runrideml a fair i|uc*iioa whether Bai. 
MACKit* doe* not Irehl Ida position wholly illegally und l«y 
fotre. Meanwhile it may Ire avminred tiiat lire admiriKim 
tion will consider the question in a wise mid truly American 
spirit. 

PERSONAL. 

A THKATRic'Ai. jrerf.in ounce wn* given at Haltin' ral Casile 
recently, in which the part* were taken hy ineiuWr* ..f 
Qiipcii Vhtoiiia'* lionwhohi. 

— Frofraaor Iaraki. ('. Bt rereu.i. uf tire United Htales tie- 
nlogical Survey, uhoapeot mneh time IubI tear iu exploring 
tbo Mount St. Klin* region in Alaska, has gone liark lo con- 
tinue bU work this summer. If |wu»ib)e, Ire and his itMiw-i- 
itl« will scale the mountain’s snowy suniiui:,a feat wlileli 
they could not armniplUh lost seasreu,altlM>ilgh they wi re 
above the snow line fire thirl) -five eoHarrnlive day s. Pro* 
fntMir Krssxi.r. is a Ajrecia<i»i in tire study of glacier*, nnd 
says that those of Mount St. Elias are Many liures larger 
than any in Knrope. 

— IluXRlOi BcHMHJX«l, a Ilamlmrg mllllonulrv. Itasde- 
o it led to leave his great fortune to charitable inalitiithuia 
iu his native city. He proposes to bare the most of It used 
III I'Uilding and supporting nu asylum fire mimarrirvl wo- 
men. 

— General ARMSTROM), founder of tbo Hampton School 
for Indians and negroe*. is tire son nf a iiiisaioiinry, mid was 
born in tbe Sandnicb Islands, where his fallu-r wna sta- 
I miied. He is lo visit his birthplace tins aninmrr. When 
Ire began hi* norit among tire negroes in the South, isith 
lliliwelf and III* wife were absolutely imriftci»ed !•)' lire 
whiles. 

-Secretary of the Treasury F<»'ikk is a famous whUt- 
player, aud tiuds ph-o>aut tverearimi iu" taking trirks” 
wlren bis attention i* not con lined t»> closely to unravelling 
tire problem* of national finance. 

—Captain William A. Axihikws, who has just started 
from rite MasMielinsetrH nail in a host fifteen feet long to 
rare with Captain Jdhiaii Wauuks LaWLOR across the At 
lanlic to Land’s End, KnglniHl, for a silver cup and 9T><NN>. 
is well knowu aa lire skipper uf lire Aaari/**, u boat nllielerti 
feet long, iu nhich Axnsxw* and his brother crossed to 
England iu Ir'Td. Tire voyage was made safely in forty- 
five days; Iuit wlren, in lw. Captaiu Axohi ws attempted 
a similar trip nloire in tire /tori’ Secret, which win* fifteen 
feet long, Ire was (arid to give ap after butt I ing with tire 
waves in rough weather sixty-on* days, ansi sailing only 
fifteen hundred miles; Ire was taken on boards Norwegian 
liark and brought to New York. His rival, Captain LaW- 
lArlt. although a younger ni*u, i* nu experienced sailor, and 
navigated tire yacht AVerrrisA, thirty fret long, when »ho 
<-n wool from New York lo the Paris Exhibition in ltofik 
Captain Lawuih is a sou of tire veteran naval arrliitcct II. 

J. I.AWUHI, and bU Ixial is a little Us* than fifteen feet 
long. The rival cruft are named lire .l/mseirl and tire Sea- 
Serpent, and were built for tire race. 

— M. EllTKI, who built the lofty tower At Tart*. and iaaaiit 
to liave projected still more dm mg plans fur mid-nir struc- 
tores, eonre* iinlurully liy his snaring ami fit ions, lie liv* 
high up on lire Jungfrau, in the Nwres Alps, anil bus ju*t 
obtained lenve of the goTernmeiit lo have n rnilrmid built 
up tire mountain to Iris ryry. 

—The sales of Vii-uni linin'* works still eon ti iiim to Ire 
very large, tlie jrwsnh from them anioiinting to over 
l,«KCt7:t franc, during tire past five years. 

— HWiop IhiANK.nf Albany, who lia* lieen travelling Iu 
EngUinl. lies Ui'O given the degree* of LI.-D.ainl D.D. by 
the utiiversitrea of Cambridge und Oxford. 

— M. Sabcky, lire French dramatic critic, bn* grown sn 
fat tliat Ire baa given up dining, iu tlie hoiie i»f reducing hi* 
llfwli. 

— Hev. 9 ahtri. J rxg Barrows, D.D., of Boston, mlitornf 
tire Ckrittian Ref hire, has a tcwird fire all-around neeom- 
plisliment which few men ran equal. When lull eight 
yam old Ire went to work iu tire eon tiling- rre on ofCubmel 
Hob, of printing-press fame, his mother, a widow with *tx 
children, helping to eke out lire fumily liiunu-es by making 
a slioe-hlncking. for which she had uu old receipt. While 
working ill Colonel IliMC'a oltiew yonng Bamiiowm attended 
uiglit school*, picked up a knowledge »f lelegnipliy, nml 
learned steiMignipbr. Ester Ire wo, a n'|H>rler on a New 
Y ork daily newspaper, aud then wna appointed Wii.ijam II. 
riltvr ami's private seerelnry nt Wiuhlngton. When Hamil- 
TtiV FIMI became BeerotRry.of Stale, be retained Mr. Hau- 
iuiW'S. During Hie liitler'sstay ill Wasblnglon be studied nr 
Columbian University, aud wlren be left there be took Hie 
divinity couise at Unit un!. Hi* summer v oral ions liciqienl 
In ra)lr>iiMl-Hiirt eying and a, a ncivs|>a|ier cnrTe*|mhdeiil on 
tbe Western plains, where Ire im-l anil travelled with l’t .<- 

TKR ill (lie tetllik lust I’llinpiligu, III K.'i he hersnre 

pastor of lire Meeting-haims Hill Clnirrh iu Dorchester, 
and five yearn later Ire was railed to tire editorship of tlm 
t:\eltliuM Refietrr, Unfit* u strict Baptist, lie is now no au- 
thority on UnitnrianUm, and its stanch Mippmter, H. Im* 
written several books, and ha, a tvpulalbin as a Creek and 
Sanscrit scholar. 


476 


HAUPEirS WEEKLY 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. Mi 



y Google 


THE SL'BL’KIIAN — Duawsj 


T. UK TllULftTKl t* - |Skk IV 


4T») 









478 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV.. NO. ISO], 




-AS YOI* J.IKK IT." WITH APOLOGIES. 

nv ri.wKi. Mtm minks. 

ThK siiida’-sm* Hull sifted llniidtflt llte leave*, llte shadows 
Hint I hr shivering maple* cital, dill nut nil Ibc forms 

Hint wandered Ihrougb llic grove at Cusll* Point. Two 
spirit* fainter ill, in (Im- >IuiIi>w> movrrl beneath the lm«, In 
vi li >ni i lie very bmuclte* ImvwmI in homage, mid whose gentle 
llriid lM>m mil I|m> ihiisic* lluil lltey »(t-pprd Upon 

' Stand hv this tree. Dick." spoke n merry voice; hut all 
vl>.. hmtti II cmi iilrd n a* Inn tlie murmur of the lim-M- 
'Thou riirml not for Ibr modern maul mid man. mi turn 
tliV laack upon IIh’Iii. Anlcu i» I adore llicc, mid lliuu. of all, 
didst love tlie greenwood wrll " 

ll was the height of realism - tlie r< -alism of the peel It 
«'m not convent Wmal. u was fur removed front common 
pliitT, hut tlicii* wa* ii reality in the tree*. Hip gm*s, thr akira 
alsive, mid the wood Im id depths Irryond. There was a little 
lun nnii-h ri-nliiy a» fur a» the luai went, n ml iIip occasional 
uliiule of n loromnliVL* settled all douMs a* lo lime. But 
ii n IT. mli’d new sot>**»t Ions, and one might forget the audl 
cure if lie lul l a front sent mid htokrd acro>« the rustic stage. 
Where ll>r summer fln»m hliotsomed ami llte sunmotrs 
daiUTtl. And l.-iog llitia nil thought of modem folk, itcuf 
to I In* hHontotire whistle. regardless of the great ritv just 
across I he wafer, one might •itciint of long ago. and conjure 
up tlie people of Ihr age of ronmuee. Thin i* thr age of 
h nitwit, of mailer of fact mundane realities, iu which tlie 
Unk of rrul wider plnyna prominent pint, and genuine buzz- 
saw* induce h uterus arming the feminine purl ion of tlie 
aud truce; tmi beneath the quivering leaven, tlie air redolent 
with new mown liav, the |ia»loral play Miemrd a liil of real 
life, and the mortem* world hut a tlremri. It wiu at Hoboken. 
New Jmejr. on thr Kith of June— thr moat rrmnrkiihto lfltli 
of Jiiim- a* fur as heat went llutt llte local Signal Service 
Im* chronicled, Mr* Su-vm* h ot her ground* for the oc- 
eiuiou, I he actor* volunteered llteir service*, ami the Rev. 
Dr Houghton mill several oilier clergymen cam llielr Influ- 
ence iu favor of it. The performance was for the Leix-lit of 


MRS. AGNES ROOTIl AS Al'tlRET. 

St. Mirlincl'a Home nod St Catharine's Home, and the pro- 
ni"l< i* of I lie childly wife ahly set* Hided In their eodeavora. 
Ticket* were in itcmuud they were at n premium, in fact— 
Iml the seals were limli«*l. Neatly n thousand people could 
la< accnmnwHiuinl. mill tlm manager* would ilispre* of no 
more tickets Hum there were scats Request* came from 
distant cities, and high prices were • ifTcreal for tlie |wlvilrge 
• d standing And duly il wns a privilege to mm; the fol- 
I'flviiur cunt In the most dainty comedy of At You fJJu It. 
even if yo*t did have to aland. The persons represented, as 
the olil Looks have il. were: 

tlrlsiMlil. Mr. Mnnrlr* RiTTTin.ire 

■I > i \ 'Mk M.re 

li.".-l..*l ItultH Mr I* II llsrklua 

Ih.k* F.eilrOck Mr. Fr.arr emitter 

T.KirS-S-w . .. Mr. r-p-o l. li frool 

Miv*r Mr JuSu 1 S'.lhv.. 


J .nine ilr I 1 ..I- M'- SSAues It... ih 

Sim InM Mr. 4 P. fl.uk 

M.hhIM. Mm K.«r Ovklm 

A-wtrs* Mr*. Af>*. rs**h 

Cel. . Ml** V|.*i Allen 

ft Vlf.. VI. - 1 . l r,le*n 

1.WI- I.K.C.M 

Tim residence of Mr* Steven* wn* converted into oimi 
large greenroom. mid ciiHi player luiil a room lo bimM-lf. 
Mr .1 T Sullivan i* quoted a» having remarked il.ut he ha*l 
" lirc-oasl iu Spittilunk. KaUttuuuu, and Oshkosh, mid nev- 


er even honed to strike anything on earth as good as this." 
Which leads one to suppose that ihc gentleman has high 
Me** nf dressing rooms for tlm future. 

“Ah. Will," nuoih the honest RurUge. turning from a 
C"Ul«'inpJn!ion of the stage to the audience, "dost thou rernll 
tbr time when thou and Kemp** and I went to the Green 
w-lch Palace, where the (jueen'a court was held at Christmas- 


llnte? Mftllinkl the damarl* of todiiv may vie with Use 
munis of fair Elizabeth t ome, look thee. Will note thou 
I In* dancing rye**, lire full nil cheeks, a* fair ii* ever dmind 
around a Siraifi.nl May- pile Hut I will close. thy art i» 
alaive nil. We canto Iu watch llto play. ami not Iu liotr l I k 
audience. " 

"Tlion must hold nir as ii woman, Dirk.'' relumed Ihc 
oihrr. "for thou d*a*l sock lo tuk by contraries. Hut llion 
art a good fellow, thy ways are winning. Iboitgli wltal «■»»■ 
1 for all the world's society? It is it picture full of Imtiily, 
and, In truth, they are fain Iml now the music »ia»i*. luio 
tliy bark to the world, and let us live again in the forest 
of Arden." 

The nrclMwtra nf tlir Madison S*piarv Tlicatri' wn* hidden 
brliiDd Ihc trees, ami a* the music slnrletl up. Ibr nudierire 
leaned forward in iiiitirl|Mlion. All the resorts uLsjui New 
York contributed their <|inau of fashionable gitcsl* and 
Fifth Avenue was emptied fot llic aficrnoon. Those whe 
rrmainnl in town, ami !b<«* who bad iw.t gone far away 
seemed lo regard Hie place a* a sort of widely rendezvous 
and everybody appeared in thrir Ijrat— ihat is, if their lr«i 
was liglit and airv enough. At three o'clock n fanfare an 
(10111X1*) Hie beginning, uud Adam and Orlandu appeared 
from behind Ihc Iree*. 

" What say you, I)kh." whispered one of il*e iintrm 
gnr*u. " rememberest thou when I played Adam at the 
G toiler 

“I* truth. " tlx other lauglte*l. "lltose time* were rare. 
Thou wert cvrrv-o cnrvflll of lliy fret I marvelled that iIkki 
sboiildsl make Adam lame; and every one that since linth 
followed thee hath tu |ini|*-d in and out the forest way*." 

"But this were nirc enniigli to inakr tlie old man young 
again. 'tlie poet cued, admiringly "Note ihou Orlando 
Ay, marry, but lie bath it gentle manner 'Ti» Hie Orlalid" 
that I saw before mine eyes long ere the quill biul inurrwl 


the virgin page that made hint live. Couldst tlww be a bet 
ter one thy self. Dickie Burlmgc?" 

The pastoial had I ••gull, mid fur a little while Arcadia 
was the world in wliirh llic |*euple live*l. Orlando was 
ideal in Ids acting, deserving of nothing but pmi**-. and Hie 
wiwld was not so far furgot lint what plenty uf applause 
was forth coming. If we were all suddenly translated to a 
leal Arcadia, we would no doubt greet Hn- first ircnlle slirp 
herd with an encore when he had finished n Itinc upon hl« 
pipe, hut after a while we might gel ucciutnmcd to such 
lltlngs. and accept ibetn as a mnttei nf course. The aiMli- 
ence in Ibis case did not gel beyond tlie llrsl slag* and the 
grove of Arelen mug wllli much well deserved applause 
Once in n while it seemed lost in contemplation of I Im- sioih-. 
lait il always apprecialevl the g*ss| points. Society «el*lom 
forgeu itself, and peril np* it mighl lake more gentle shep- 
herd* Hian the real Atntdin | ••••»*«<*-* to bring stwiety to the 
reallzaikm iliat Amulla wasn't run fo* ii« partimlm hetw- 
fit any more Ibnn for llir gentle lunrful slirpitcril How- 
ever, Orlando made n lilt at Hie lieginuirig. and Celia and 
Rosalind won tlie hearts of nil ns soon a* tlu-v entered 
One might Imagine that everybody hod been brought up 
in the forewt. so tialnmlly did they make Hn lr enirsoccs 
ami exits, mid you wsldiril iIm-iii from a distance until theyr 
pks-ed behind a c«lur hedge fur in Hie latckground TlieV 
never weme*! to burry In anil fr*i, and Hint lent an clriwnt 
of comfort and ease peculiarly refreshing on ihat ho*, hot 
day. T 1 m* play ran smuotbly along, and Duke Fret Wrick 
and Ids court arrived on lime. 4 'imrlni (be Wresth-r was 
there, and lie was am ’liter bit of modern realism that plrascst 
every lowly, for. in trulli, lie wo* a wrestler by pr*ifc**ion 
Of cuuree pcojdu knew that Duke Frederick wua only a 


JUNE 27, mi. 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


479 


make belkrve tjiurper. Iml there wua nil dt- TllP 

mini ol fuel in Sir William Muldoon. 1 UB SL KL ,{,iAN - 

••Come, where L» this young gallant l list is So much bn.i been written ami raid of Ihe 
mi desirous lit lie with lire mother itarihT" great Sii bill bull Handicap. inn hi tto Shecpa- 
asked Ihe big man, throwing aside his long lirtul liny truck (if the Coney r lahind Jixkev 
cloak. Club. tlmt many pioplc who bavo liule if 

Mr, William Mllldoon stoml before lire au- liny interest in i ucing are curious lo know 
drenreinflenli colored light* und black trunks, why this race should make sorb an exiraorrii- 
His magnificent form wn* shown loadvaatngie. nary - stir in luif affairs, mu I why such an inl- 
and the muscles of liis arms and legs were menu? assemblage of men atul women should 
plainly seen The men in the audience acre undergo raiioy discomforts in order to wit- 
in the" minorilv. anil their shouts of welcome nr*» a mntesl of the sort- lluiidicnp* like 
were I art in tire cluiru* Ural broke from Ihe the Bulmrinia. while iu> old as the century 
women. It »»« an involuntary hotnnge to in England, an* ei imperatively new in lire 
giant strength- -it was a remnant of Unit l.' idled Slule*,arid ute the most popular ru- 
feelinr ibai ltd old Roman tochity lo the dug events offered for compel in. m by our 
amphitheatre. We are not rrentun-* of per- jockey dull*. The Suburban lluudicup, of 
feet civilization as yet: Mr William Muldouii which onr turf gut re make mi ranch, is inod- 
li a* claimed the homage of thr fair putriciana riled after the famoua Pity and Suburban . f 
of tlrese modern iliiys. After duly wa ruing England. The distance is lire same, and tl u 
hi* challenger, Mr. MnUlii.in and Hie »lrlp)kug cumllllno* almost alike. The idea of ant-h a 
Orlando eni tonred The Indies quite enjoyed handicap is to tiring tin; poorest aud the best 
it ns Mr. Muldoou deftcritod geometrical fig Itones together hjr so equalizing lire weight 
■ires ill the nir with hi* opponent. Hut he carried hy each, that no home in the rare, if 
didn't get a fair fail out of him. tocmise the properly trained, ought lo have any Bdvun- 
whole play would havclioen ruined If be had. tags over another. The tondiettpper g*-n 
Mr. Muldoon yielded gracefully at last to Mr ernllv pitches hi* top weight at 130 pounds. 
Shakespeare's ideau.mid Ml In’lbe gluund. Il aud lib Isittom weight at 80 pound*. ThU 
took tour men to carry him away, and imme- make* a difference of 40 pound* between ito 
dintely after be disappeared from view the lop and liottom homes, which, in the estiuiu- 
wortliy gentleman hastened lo complete the lion of the most export turfmen, ought to 
arrangemrnla forasure. enough pri/.-. tight, in bring the tost and lue poorest on terma of 
which lii* line* were: " I.ouk out fur ill* light. equality in a race over a mile aud a quarter uf 
Jake’ Watch hi* right!'' ground’ 

There wua no curtain to raise for the second In tlic last Suburban handicap Kingston 
act. no scene* to drift; tot you knew that wa* allotted the top weight at 180 pound*, 
this wa* the real forest of Arden, while the while Strvke. Carroll, and Itico hud tiic hot 
tlral act had taken place in an racliaid near tom weight at DO pound* each. Not one <>( 
Oliver's hnuacand arvrml other localities iluly these home* accepted the weight assigned 
deoenbed on tile play hill Tile court of the them, and were declared out of the handicap, 
tiamsh.d Puke S , with a background of lor- The neat top weight after Kingston at 130, 
ester* in Lincoln-green. wn-t held iimkrcluudv was Tunny at 128, and this wa* accepted hy 
skiw, and the audience begun to tremble tit Ids owner, winch in effect mean# that the 
the thought. It looked very much os though work of the handicapper i* regarded a* not!*- 
il wa* going to ruin: that was carrying real factory hy the owner accepting the weight. 
Urn a little too fur. and the play-book dido t Thu horae accepting lire lowest weight in the 
call for any such performance on the part of last Suburban wa* Isaac fowls, with 98 
nature. Everybody liad their beat hata and pound-; uud a* Tenny started with 128. there 
gown* on. and it wouhln'l lie udvisable lo wua thus 30 pound* between Ihe lop and 
ruin them wo early in (he weaann— there were bottom weight* that Started. The race was 
the disturbing tbougiil* of thr on-looker* wun by LonntJika., cairyiug 110. Major Domo 
Hut the forest folk went right along with being second, with 1I>1, and t'amiu* third, 
their part*. with 113. Banquet waa fourth, with 110. 

“ A dainty Itaeuliml," the poet murmured, uml Teuny Afrit, with 128. All five were 

hh lire lithe figure was seen tbixrttgh the tree-, dune logeltoi at the ltul*li. to that the work 

•• It wn* ever wrong that a boy should play of the iiuudicappcr must he deemed to have 
that runt. A mistress after mine own heatt, been successful, (lie element of uncertainly 
fair Rosalind. A benlsnn upon Uiee. for I imving ohlnint*! throughout the race. trail 
dream almost that I still live. Hey. Dickie until the lost half dozru stride*. 

Iln ua rascal, what say e*l thou? Woukkltliou Then there Is another popular »iilo to these 
turn to die audience now?' " baadknpe. By tire Jut* allot tarot of weight* 

"Nay, nay." the other IsuglHit. " fur there Ihe pour hurscnuui with u second clast tone 
U no audience to turn lu. They have Ik'd, I* placed nil an equal footing with the rich 

sweet Will, fur mark you how il ruins." horw-mun with u first- chct* horse. Then, 

'• But the forest company tuiu* not." said again. Hie rich but uuforiiniiilc turfman wlih 
the poet. " Fair Hosnlind doth act the gul u -econdcluss nniuul ha* the aaju* opportu- 
Uni in protecting Celia, ami yonder tree will oily to win a* the pour ton fortiimi!i* turf- 
shield them both. " man with a first class horse. All distinction* 

The actcirs all showed a sweet Arcadian are levelled ill aiiandicap like the Suburban, 
indifference fur the non that poured down. The race wo* first ran it) June. 1884. and wa* 
hut they couldn't play before nu audience won hy General Monroe fium a Held of 20 
that wn* hurrying to shelter a» fust a* pos- starters. The tone wee owned hy a modest 
Able. Bo Uic company smused ttomMlvc* W«*lcto*trr County contractor mimed McFJ- 
hy indulging in anachronisms, such ns cigar* mrcl.nnd bis good fortune led him toturfapec- 
and cigarettes. umbrella* mid rubiwr cloaks. uUltoo that impoverished him. In IB83 Mr 
Suddenly the rain ceaard. some of the uudi- Time Lorillunl IWlied Uie unkiiowu l*un- 
cnce returned, and the performance went on liac upon a dated public, anil defeated Mou- 
•g*ln. but tlterv wm more or lew nntwilu w a -ogram. (he gran test favorite that cv«r started 
cxliihitnl by wicietr, for the rain threatened fur the race, Teony alone excepted. I’uutiac 
to fall again before long. Dome ualmpurtsut was ia nt ligli; w'eiglit. and had never pre- 
part* were cut. aiul the sung "Blow. Wow vinusltr run in this country. In lfHfl <^»p- 
thou winter wiud," was otuiued. for the wind, gniu S .s Bm»u, the Pitisbuic coal king, 
although a summer wind, needed no meloiii- won with Troubadour, and beside* the value 
ou* invocation, a* it was blowing with great uf ihe stake, won |W>.(KM> iu wager* agmmi 
vigor at the time, fcWWJ which to bud iove*.terf. Captain 

The art between Rosalind ami Orlando w»* Brown hod discovered early ill the spring 
perfect in Its art and grace. It told that deli- that Troubadour would prove a great ntce- 
cule touch which nur la- so easily marred. hone, anil wu furtuuuie enough to get hi* 
•• I’riihee, tell me, ?VI1I." whlsjwivd the old money on lu the uutepoet book* at raids 
actor, "doth Orlando win her love? Fur ranging from 130 to l against to 30 to 1 
in truth, have 1 wellnigh forgot the ending ' against' This was the mint successful ivrrp 
Ay. marry. Dickie, so he doth. Would ever planned on the American turf. Many 
Rosalind to lew than human lo withstand Walk makers toil to relire from bunioes*. In 
nucli wooing? And the youth would Indeed 1887 Kurus won fur Mr. A. J. Consult, of the 
to sorry that to failed to win the gentle Itiaa. Pennsylvania Railroad. Thin was a fluke. 
Ay. Dickie, win to must, but were his tirau- however, as the two favorite*— Ben Ali arxl 
lira! not tore lit might wra> the charming kjnlto— rallying tons of the public money. 
Celia, tto; fair Audrey. Uie winsome l*hii‘to, were left standing at the post. In IR8IJ Klk- 
for 1 tell thee. Iasi, mail might do no belter, wood won the Sul mi him. after a great con- 
Sawc*t thou ever a fairer lot of nwuls? Nay. text at tto finish with Terra C-otia and Firen- 
nav, not I." m. It was up to that time the fastest Subur- 

The day grew more in keeping with tto ton run hy two m coral* There wua 30 to I 
melancholy Jam* The bouncing Audrey against Elkw.axl in the betting. Mr. Oral/, 
and sweet Vha-tie could nut win a smile from owner of Kikwixtd. never laid any goud fur- 
tto dark heaven*. The cloud* grew heavier tunc l hereafter, and lost hi* liorec* one hy 
ul! the while. Neither country simplicity one. Ilia success was rilber too much for 
nor courtly grnev could win the undivided him or for hi* trainer. Ill-i name Is mtw Hu- 
nt inti inn of the audience. The play pro thing toil a memory on the turf, 
greased rapidly, and Rotollnd lira! Ju»t An- In 1889 the tote August Belmont won with 
Hhed the epilogue when tto rain storm buret Itoeetond. The contest wa* not lu tlmt year 
forth again, and everybody scampered away, by any mciuis liigli class, and excited ciie 
Tlw two uadowy frieral*. reganllea* of tto least amunnt of euthii*iu*m of any tto tor- 
rain and too thin to blow away, sal upon a linn. Kneels oils rinses* eoinpetilor* at the 
slump iu the Wage plot. flnidi were Terra Cotta, width bud run sec 

" A pretty id vl," quoth llu! actor. "Thou mid the year to-fure, and tto mare Goigo. 
wert a genius, will, to bring such sweet per- owned by tto late Seiialor Heunt. of Cali 
fcction to *o fair a thought," furnto. Mr Belmont, however, was then the 

The other smiled. "The actors may mar proudest man that had Isv-n seen upon t to 
n piece, good Dickie, as thou knowtto, but turf fur many a day. and lie showered costly 
tin* wa* a rare hd I tell thcr that ttoy all prrsrnU upon GarriMin. tto Jockey that rude 
did well, und so il seemed like life. The the horse, ami upon his wife. Last year tto 
country clown is himself a* mluro made Suburban wa* the sensational <xnu*v>i uf the 
him, and. though hi» part be Miiull. to have decode. Those equine giant*, Siilratuf, Tcn- 
hitn true lo life the actor mu*l lie greater ny. and CnaMus met six oilier* in die fray, 
than any country clown may to. Ho it was. and ail records wi re broken at tto end, when 
today: all being great, the smallest part was Sdvulor, catty lug the lop Weight, 128 pound*, 
true to life It titled perfectly when brought toat t *win« a neck in the mile and a quarter 
together, and the picture wn* Complete— a in 900]. Tenny half a length away. If wa* 
picture, Dickie, not soon forgotten." liu* matveliuu* cottUal which afterward led 


to the match ram between Salvator and ounce of sulky blond that i* positively * 
Teuny. each carrying 122 pounds, iu which quantity in all tto son* of Ifayun d'Or, us 
the mile and a quarter was run in 2 US, Sal Httoh sir In Tea Tray as in 1st* *icp-biniher 
vatnr winning by a short toad. Tenny. Tlicn tlie crowd walled piiiknily 

The Huburban this year was a thrilling for Tenuy, their Idol heyultd alJ qumiuti. 
content indeed, not soon W to; fonfoticn by Hut he came tint, as he had gone directly to 
tto 80.000 persons who saw it. Teuny and tto post from Ills stable and was seen only 
Tea Ttay were the popular Idoh. The pub- for a moment at the iwrade tofure the start 
lie money rushed in like a mighty wave upon Finally ito eventful moment came, uml 
lire torok milkers in support uf 'I enuy. w hile Uie tone* were lined before Starter ( ghl- 
liisBep^ bmi her. Tea Tray, had tto undivided well Hi# Itog was pulsed in the sir n» ho 
Mipporlof hurvemcD and I miner*, who wager- couxrd Ito toys into line and into motion, 
cd lug money, tuid who Uml uWrved hi* lirltl- and catching "them all well abienst. except - 
i.Liit work at the Brighton Bench irark prv ing tin; lienwti Imrsc L)«tritakn. down went 
llntlnnry to the race, lu slate uf the good the flag, and tto rare fur the eighth Sub- 
work of the handicapper in adjusting the uitian had togira Out into the light shot 
weights, and thereby giving every horse a Mujor IXtwnn Carrying hi* red. White, ami 
chance to wiu. nrii'her the public nor the blue a length in the U-ud ua tto Imumh cunic 
hoTK-rai-n could begot fora moment Into- down at a li-rriflc puce toward thr gru'i'l 
lieve lists* there was uuy possibility of d«feal sinud. (amiu* next, with tto dusky ituinil 
for both Tenny and Yea Tray It was a Ura bustling Banquet Into it goral puslilou hy 
question only uhkh uf Ibe two sons of Kay on the rail. These three tod ihiy ligiil la-tween 
d'Or would win. Imum M urphy, tUrk sklnncd i twin and the flekl tlmt followed, which 
nad wealthy, had the mount ou Tenny; Gar- ter wo* headed hy Isaac Lewi*, thru Vitr.- 
rtwin. to uf the deadly whip and the ’viduus lames, Dent nth, and Riley in u hunch, «Wl\w 
s|mi is. Uml tto- seat on Tr-u Trnv, ami how Tenny. Tea Tray, and Lontilaka bronchi up 
could two such noiimils, ridden by these great I lie rear. Thai first furlong, whirli brtxighl 

e*l Jnckeyv of tin' time, fail to finish lu tho them to Ito stand iu front of the tlioiiKtnd* 
front rank of the field of flying horse* ? The of rare goci*. was run In 13 second*. Il w** 
other eight Itones were toil as chaff before a heart breaking pare fur the botsea will, t(, a 
tto wind, Veteran raccgrwr* looked with top wrigtna, and It wo* mude mure »o | Q ,| 1(J 
rtHnmuenilion upon the owners who dared next furlung. where they swept around |j (<! 
to pxy f230 starling fee, and send thorough turn, and cotupleled the quarter uf n ti, j i t . j 
bred* like Major Domo. laianinka, Filxjnima. 24i x-f'md*. Tea Tray was then lust 0 f y 
und Bnuquct to eoutest against imperial Itorees flviug bnuch, with Triiny just in frunt „t 
like Tenuy and Tea Trnv. Nu allotment of him. nud tlie brown horse Luiiuiaka erghu, 
weight, they contended, could liriug mtcli an- Out in front Major Domo, with his light 
linids on nu equal footing. And so Ute bet- weight of 104 pound*, was cutting out • ter- 
ting went on hot and lively in tlie overcrowd- ritir pace, with CmutUR at Ids sstidie-eirtli, 
td ring. Willi 100 book mnkera shouting the mid itemutli corning thrimgh with nil In* 
odd*, nod 10.000 men eager In taking Itom. *pcnl Tlie bulf mile was run In the fast 
The ware of support on Teuny could not lie time of SO second*, und the terrific pace «n 
reflated. From • to A against, hi* price went bcgliinlng to tell on ihe heavily w eight, d 
dawn to even niutiey. then In 4 to 3 against, burses, while those in fnuit were liavelllug 
llieu frmn 3 to fi oeuiriHt. mill finally tto eo- with resistless force keeping up tlie sternly 
tliuviuKtlc admirers of the awsy-lmck home pace, *ud nmuing every furlong of tto race 
cheerfully pul up 03(8) to win $2U0. Tton in the average time of 12J vcconds, 
the tide of money flowed In upon Tea Tray. " Now walch Tenny move up." wax ll.n 
Tenny'* Mep-brnthrr. On it came in thou- cry uf Kiltie and the thought of ikiolMouds. 
sands and thousand*, stnilgiil atwl place. But Tenny would not move up. The anx- 
Wogcra of f 11)00 aguiiist $K<U that the Iiuumi ion* crowd scanned tto field, and raw Garri- 
would he no worse lliun second were n» plea- son last with Ten Tray . belaboring him with 
tiful as apple# iu an orchard, and the remain- whip and spur, whtle'tlie sulky brute never 
ing eight horse* in the race, with their line gained a yard an tto flying told lieyond him. 
]iedigiee mid their great Jockey*, were only (MOO Murphy wa* b ftp elc ml j f n’inlii wM| 
considered in calenlating tto cltaoew of the Tenny, using his hand*, hi* knees, and Ins 
horse tlmt would run third. Only one mini spur* to force him along. Fifteen lengths 
in a hundred supported any one uf them to out in front was oiil' the raelug Major Domo, 
win, and only one mnn in fifty backed auy .Martin, hi* jnckcr. hugging Uie rails, run I 
one uf them for the place. ’ having a clear fluid lu front Within a length 

The bugle scumled Ito fateful call for the of him wa* Dcmuth .carrying tto white -uk 
horse* to Ito post. The stream of humanity and (be scarlet cap of the Mclx-wee ri.nfrd- 
flowed out of the totting ring- Out and mit crncy. and chwc up to him lay Cassius, Fit* 
it came until it covered nil Ihe green gtu>* james. and Banquet. Tto three-quarter* of 
upon the velvety lawn, mull it COWM Ihe a mile tod bull run m I uimute and Iff si c 
mauive grand ataml. till it filial Ito roof, till oral*, and if Teony was ever to come up 
il overflowed tto haleoulea lu the dubhouse. fium tto rerir, now was hi* time or never 
till It made tto paddock black, and thru it 1> came the liule sway-back, tlie red and 
flowed arrow the track into tlie nut field, white stripes flushing past I.iuntnk*. Uilry. 
Uiouraud* upon thousand* fighting fur a and Inane Law I*, until fwm living ninth. Ihe 
vantage-ground to wiinnm tlie euntrst he- hlid uf tto puldic wa* sixth. " Irony wius! 
tween these favored giants of the turf. TcOBJ wins!" Vra# the sluttll of excited thou- 
Out upon tto track came a beautiful cltm- annd*. but iiuiiuitly he frll lw< k again, whiln 
nut horse, witli pluited mane, carrying radon Luiuitnku iu navy blue ttaslied up from Uio 
uf canary und purple, and on ids back wa* reur. am, passing Riley, Isaac Lewis, and 
Taylor, one of the greatest jockey* that \*c Tenny. nuiie play for the flying lender* U-- 
ciui boast of. This etoataut horse was Isaac yond." The mile tod been run iu the grant 
Lewis, a speedy fellow in mexicrate cumpany, time uf I miuntc and 41 seconds — f»-i rnuiigli 
hut Ito Sulxirhan crowd cured nothing for to kill any horse wiib 128 ixiumls upun such 
him. with his Wj pound*, ami to pii*»*.-<r tin- a track. ' Major Ihmio was -till in the lewd 
noticed to the post Tton came rilxjame*, by a leuglh, Uemutli seraMid, < assin* third, 
the brown horee which carried the hivpcft of Banquet fourth, ami I-umitakn fifth, nil cto**i 
the Mania confederacy Tto dusky Harnea, together. I’p went Murphtr'i whip, and 
in liright orange waist aud blue sleeves mid down it citmo ou Tenuy '« flank: up and 
cap. Sat jauntily upctl its back There wua down il went n dozen times, hut not u foot 
n slight ripple of uppluitic. fur the lluggin of ground rouht the famuiis son of Ihtyun 
colors are dear to race-goer*, having been d'Or gain upon tlroae in front of him. Isanc 
worn in many a well-fought battle won by Lewis. Ten Tray, und Riley were thru hope 
Salvator, king of the turf, aud Flrcoitc, the le»*ly out of the rnr-c. Into the stretch swept 
uiictoilrngcd queen. the leaders. Martin still hugging the rati with 

Out through the pruldork gate came Ito Major Duma, and leading tiv a length, 
mustudooic Major Domo. looking a* fit a* " Twtny 'a toalen. Major Domo win*!" wa* 
human hand* could make him. with Martin, the melancholy shout of thousand-. Just 
the winner of one Suburbun 1 1 and leap, wear- then Demuth. which had licen running see- 
ing the color* red. while, and Idun, No no- nod, dropped buck, aud Fltxjatoe* look hi# 
licruf him wa* taken by the expecliiut crowd pUce. w iihCnraius third .and LiwuUikn fourth. 

At best, they urgued, to wu# but an outcast "Major Dumn win*?" w*s ugiiin the shout, 
from tto stable of Mr. David Dunham "No; Fltrjamci wins!" was slmuted I Kick. 
Withers, the master of Brook dale, slid tow " took at Cassiu* comer cried a thonwind 
could such as to ever hope, even with 104 admirers uf the horse. And as they pawed 
pound* up. to tout Uie royal Tenny and the the furlong pole, thr me* looked a* if II would 
princely Ten Tray. Then came Ixaiiiiaka. la: Major Dumufirsi. Fiizjumc* terand, und 
ni* brown neck n’rchcd. with Brrgrn in the t'aaslus third. But then came Bergen on 
middle. There wn* a clieer. not forthe hurae, the oulaide with the Imiwn whiilwiiid I.uati- 
bitl for the most |*>p»ilar Jockey of the day. tnk*. riding with wliip and spur, and all the 
w how honevty t* iicyuud qucsiimi. and w bu-e dcspemle energy whldi lie ever potfiMMNi. 
skill i» not so’rpa*w*l bv any boy on the turf Stride tty stride- lw- gained upon the Ihrru 
Few gave any thought to thi* brown imrse. tonlera. A sixteenth uf a mile from home 
I.uxnuika, even with Bergen lo pilot him. he ha# prawn! ('iinsiaa, in flv« rtiurr Jumps to 
fur wn* be too not an outcast frmn ihe stable ha* |t*s*t*l Filxjumes, which horse i* tiring 
of Mr*. George L l-ncillard. now tlie Connies* rapidly, and u* the centre uf the Maud I* 
Agreda. and wa# to out sold for the paltry reached he gets on even term* with Major 
sum '-if $275? 1I..U could hr with IIOihjiidJs iKinm. slick- hi* siuir* Into Ids bone for Ito 
bent tlie eliumpinn* who carried tire hope* last time, lirings down hi* whin with a UT- 
atid lire money of tire race-goers the euun- rillc swish, pulls bi« mount tugetlirr, und lift* 
try wide? In rapid •accession CUDi' De- hint over the lure, n winner by half « length 
iniilli. Riley, and Banquet, horse* that were in tlie -cumul fnsleat S*ibiinain ever run; 
deemed to have u lure «:hancc. Then it Major Domo -eculid, but not di*grsced. Can 
tremendous shout went up that wh- echoed *ii>* third, u toad totter tton Btuiuilrt: he u 
from eltlb bouse in field, and fium field lauk head totter tton Kilxjium-s; ire a bi nd tol 
to ciuLi bnitH'. nod the black aud while col- ter 1 1ran Tenny ; the other four straggled out. 
ors of William Lakeland were mtn. Every Tlmt wn* tow tto race was run and won. It 
hotly knew that Hie horse waa Ten Tray, and wa# a triumph of tto liaralrriippet's url It 
lira jockey was Garrison. Fit to Ito hour wn* a great Wow to those who speculate on 
did to look Never wn* a liorac -cut to lire popular favorites regardless of the weight 
post in U tter condition for a great race, they carry. It wn* one of tliox- successful 
Lakeland looked with pride upon bis horse, races ttol do much to promote tto progress 
and lohl hi* friend* Hist to imw no iwMsilul- uf lire turf and inspire public interest iu 
ily of defeat- He failed to remember that racing. 




GETTING READY FOR THE BOAT-RACE— THE VAI.E AND I 



ufi/rx/«r^v. 


/(/IK// Mt 


W Y/TLC LUMDIfiO spur 


AT NEW LONDON.— D*»*» »v W. P. 8ktiihk.— [8** P»ob 4S5.] 




482 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV-, NO. 1801. 



nchicvrd n certain kind of An a «l*y of festival draw* nigh. the young 
fiune mid earned a grunt deal men of every street Lave n consultation. and 
of money. decide whether they will have rfiuAi If the 

^ Aaa man Emmet belonged decision be for having it, tliry collect coturi- 
to that unfortunate da** bullous for tbe npriw from every house, 
known n* nrnuioual drunk- and nu ll atrrrt bu one AuAi The |«rt* of 
ards Me could never driuk Ibe ihuAi, which have been carefully kept, are 
' n mo ^ , ' r * l ‘ ,in - Bn d when I l»on gntlierud and fitted up. On the fusial 
mfKgp— once be look a glass of wine, day lire rfnaAi ia drawn by decorated oarn. 

It nraa alwaya Uie beginning and. like Ibe Trojan Irorse. moves at tlie 
of a arrinuk drliuucb. Ilia midtile of tlie pmersaion. with musician* and 
dissipation* led him twice to maaked grsticulalors in ila flank liefore it 
madhouses. orcaaionetl the go maidens d tutted In gsvly colored silk, 
diaruplion of Ilia domealit fashioned like firemen wilk *•/«•* t»- limn 
™ relation*, and guve him a canes with sounding rings) In their right 

moat unenviable notoriety bands, ami singing kiffuri I tonga for cncrair 
i all over Ibe country. Ife aging people al ibeir work I After it ftdlowa 

bought, some fifteen years jwtat (a movable stage) having female tlan- 
ago. the Van Kenaaelarr cera not more than fifteen yearn of age Then 
Place, on the Hudson, anil come singers and inuaictaiia The pn* imum 
when not actiog made it ia in care of elderly men dressed in UokiiM-i- 
his borne . He wa* divorced Amiri. which are equivalent to tlie foreign 
from Ilia wife a year or more a wallow tail*. They have under them vomit: 
ago. Hiv only a»n for aome a lent ami workmen, who render willing *cr 
mBa.. time acted ai bit fatlirr'a vice at the command of tlie makirn* 

" "wg manager. When tlie pneeuian renchra the abnne 

in which the festal ceremony ia 

....... men with Ap.»A<jri (two abort square wtsal 

t o rlap a aignul tlie pnxnakM 

bV Livimo. In lovely Nlamla balls Then tlie maidens dame on the stage 

geographically secluded for aa lliry have Inn taught by ihuti-ing nua 
i reotiirics. as one vaat fam tem swpecially for Ibe occasion. On the way 

ily. tin- Japan*** have devrl bark from the abrinr tlie priseuion match 
oped tlreir aociable und **- ca Ihrougb tlie alreetM according to the pr 

’ "r" •" tbetlc temperament to its vicn ’ 1 J J a .— . 

full. Nature haa favored 
them with mild climate, 
clear sky. and benutiful land 
J. K. tuutrr.-raoa * Paanooura scape*. which invite them 

out to open-air diversions, 
and make them fmiival-lov- 
JOSEPH K. EMMET. ing people. They decorate thuir streets on 

fcalal dava with lanterns, flower*, arcltes. and 
BY JVO. mILMRR HPSRP images, and have fireworks, nun. w ratling. 

Tut* very popular German d hik'd come, -~z:z^zr— !: :L: 1 

than haa juat died of pneiinninu at the age banner*. emblems, and representations of hi* 

df Ofiy. He bad a alugular liohl upon I Ik toriral or — — z — ’ -* — 

theatre -going people of Amoricu. and for 
nearly twenty five yearn, despite eccentrici- 
ties of condiict which would have ruined a 
lew popular man, be has continued to play 
to crowded bouse* wbenever and wherever 

lie appeared, lie waa by no mcun* a great r „, , 

actor, and Ills art, if nrt It can be called, con- All, Imwerur, consist of the figure repre 
sistod only in the exhibition of a plia-c of lit* rented, a compartment with musician*, and 
own personality. This phnse was al once hn- u car upon which them! are drawn. Simple 
morons and pathetic, and was not at nil above il'itbi U one-atoried. WimAmAi two-storied, 
the taste and comprehension of Uic masse* and Aou/i d.uAi i* a heap of flower* made of 
of the people. It was, therefore, possible for paper. In ancient times boko (-pears) were 
him to continue to exhibit it, and to act one carried before the festival procession. Af- 
cliararter, in what wa* virtually 11 k *ame terward Ui«c trc!!i 

play, during the whole time of hi* theatrical shaped poles, with richly embroidered silk 

career. And what wa« more Us Uic purpose. 1 •* i... 

so far a* be wa* concerned, hi* one chnniclrr 
wa* a* attractive during the la*t few years 
as It liad (wen at the beginning. lie made so 
much money that reek less prodigality anil 
mad diaaipntions did not by any mean* coo- ... _ l r 
sumo all of Ida accumulation*. forming 

He waa I aint in 8t. Louis, ami claimed to v:!"™ ... .. r , .... . , .... 

lie a distant relative of Robert Emmet, the name kobt-d/iahi (tpciir dtuhi) indicating the 
Irish patriot. He hud u sweet voice, mid —'-*-• 
learned wiiiiout effort to play upon one mu- 
sical instrument ami another At a military 
school in hi* boyhood lie was the lender of 

the hand, and bis first appearance on the tain* 

stage wa* in a variety theatre. where, during age on the top. wearing tin embroidered 

tlie war time, when drum music wa* more silken robe, represents Ibe — — “ 

highly esteemed tluiu uow. be performed a who invaded Corea in '.WO A.D 

solo on the snare-drum Previous to this lio - J.. ~ Cl 

land been fora little while a sign tmiiilcr. In expedition to punish the Cot-cans for dia- — 

variety theatre* in St. I»uia and elsewhere loyalty, hut died on the way. Tlie Em proas, aion, Wi 

In the West. Ik sang and danced ansi took though in the tenth month of pregnancy at 

part* in the extravagant pkn affected at tbnt lime, led the army id person, vowing 

such plnrin of amusement. Ilo early tried that site would not give birth to tbc child 

German dialect songs, and from the first was till her happy return and tlie accomplish 

successful in them, lie waa also a negro ment of the will of her husband. After the 

minstrel, ami travelled all over the country capture of Die capital of Corea, she set up a 

with such a show. stone monument la-fore Ibe principal gate of — r 

Emmet's chanrn ratnc to him when he at- the castle, on wliirh was inscribed tlie cause (created in the pros| 

traded the attention of the famous actor and of the invasion. Hbe planted there bur -pear whence he received t 

manager. Hen de liar. Tliat veteran told also, which whs kepi sacred in Core* for ing the centre of a — „ 

the young man that he waa throwing hi* many a generation. The Corcan king made Nicholson 'a loss will la 1 widely felt, for lie 

talent* away on the variety und negro min » vow. saying: •* Though the sun may rise deeply beloved by hi* parishioner*, 
slrel stage, lie suggested that hi* trick of from tin- west, or the river Arinarc flow 
Imitating the German dialn-i be uliliccd in backward to its source, we and out daccnd 

anmeUting approaching u regular play. Tlie ants will not change in our loyally. Our Till.’ \V4TlfR rll<i><T rib’ 
result of tliia advice wa* that Mr. ('httrla ships, which shall carry our tributes to Ja- 1 * 

Gayler waa engaged to write a play embody- pan. shall not have their helms dry” (that is HARROW II I 1IALL. 

ing Mr. I)e Bar'* idea*. Mr. Guylcr con- they ahull be always busily movingl. “If we . v]nnv vnnau-u n . V na 

Mructed Frih. our (Wsii German. A five or our tlesccndunla should break tliia vow, 

years' contract waa entered into between tlie god* of heaven and earth shall punish Tin: trouble with Harrow by Hall waa tlu 
iirlor and playwright, (lie latter also ngreeing u* ” The Empress Itsl back her army, and it waa haunted, and. what wa* w orve.lhe glio> 
to act as manager. In November. lHfltt. this having anivtsf at Tsuktwbi. in Japan, Imre did not content itself with merely appnarin 
first play wa* produced in nuffnlo. and from a child, who wa* enthroned as Emperor al the bedside of IlKalllieted |>erxui who sa' 
the begi’iuiing was an Immense popular am- OJIu under Use regency of his mother. The it. but pcrrisied in remaining them for or 
cea* There was novelty in the venture. Km pres* ha* Iwn since regarded as a kind mortal hour liefore it would disappear, 
whirh enabled the actor to exhilisl the at- of gininliaii angel of the natiuual valor aud It never apprartd except on t'liristinas Ev 
tractive pliase of hi* |wrao«inliiy to gtent ltd- of happy child- waring and then a* the clock wa* striking twelvi 

vantage. Ilia awcet and syiu pathetic voice. The Uiwer story of the AkU^m/iuAi is occu- in which respect uloue was It lacking in tlu 
hi* engaging smilo— whicii’ slmweil his white ple«l by musiciana and men with miok*. who originality which in these day* i* a *u 
mid even teeth— Ilia stnlwart figure ami over- make various gestures keeping lime with the qn>t mom of sneers* in spectral life. Tl. 
flowing good nature, had licru counted upon music. Tlie Itird which project* from I Ik owners of llarrowby Hull had done tlie 
by Use playwright, and tlie public turren- lower story repmeuta Amro, a mythical laird level Itcsi to rid themselves of the damp an 
derrd at once and for all tinir. lie never Inst wliicli is aupmMMxl to bo tbc king of Uk fowls dewy Indy who ruse up out of the beat las 
the favor which waa won al Ibis performance, of tlie air. It ia -aid tliat A»mO» dues inH kill room floor at mhlaigllt, but without aval 
Everywhere lie met with the wuuc kiml of tlx- insects nor pluck young buds of trees. They had tried snipping the clock, ki tin 
success, and holli he mid Mr. Gayler were and tliat it appears on earth when a lienevo Uk ghoal woukl bol know when it wa» rail 
soon mnklng very handsome profit*. Mr. lent ruler is upon Uk throne and peace and night, but she turned up juat tlie same, wit 
Gayler wrote another play. Curl. Ibr FMIer, plenty reign in tbu land. It i* proper, then. Haul fearful musmutie personality of ber 
which, l hough not a failure, whs not buttons that the bird should be placed under the feet aud Utetv -lie would •.land until everythin 

ful In tlac same measure a* Full of tile good Empress Jingo, wliosp regency alamt ber wa* soaked through. 

Since then Knunrt, till hedied, played one wa* one of tbc happy epochs in the history Them tbu owners of I Inf row by Hull calkt 
inodillcntiiMi und another of Fntt. hut iti llm of Jn|mn. Tlie hofouitu/ii is al*ati Jt5 feet upevery crack in the floor with the very la- 
main it was always tbc same old ptav, in high. iH feet long, and H fert wide. It ha* <|uu)ily of hemp, aud over this was placed 
which Kminet NM>g ami danced. curesMHi lit- two large wheels aud a yoke, and Is drawn by layer of tar and can vus: tlie wall* were tmn 
tie children, and introduced a ting a* hi* in- two oxen. When it goes through a street water-proof. and the door* and windows lik> 
timntr friend. Tltese were Ihintrs which ap- gate »r under an ureh. the upper sturv is let wise, the proprietor* having conceived tl 
peuied to the jttuplu, aud w ith them Euimut down into the lower, so a* to Icaecu the Ldgbt. notion that Uk unexon. i*cd lady wuuld tlu 


-*lv decided programme. and hull* Iwfore 
Ibe house* of tlie principal contributor*, 
where Uk maiden* dance. The master of 
the house gives them refreshments, and a 
cerinlu sum of money folded in paper and 
tied with ktting* of nil ami golden colors as 
aAdgi (n mark of congintulaliont. 

• tn tlie day after tlie festival tlie dwii is 

.... taken to pieces, and carefully kept to bo fit- 

i , B - i_ a, races, w ratling, ted up on a future occasion. Thu* the d/uAi 

ind proersuona In tbe latter arc borne tlHg». i« liamlcd down from generation to genera 

, - rf l::z Hoo a* a memorial, and aliout which okl 

thnlogical characters, of which folk* delight to talk to their grandcliiktren. 

the princi|»il is rfirsA*. N. Amkxomomi. 

/AmAi ha* hern used since about tbe mid- 
dle of tbe seventeenth century In some 

pnrtsof tlie empire iti* called A«Aw; in other*, THE BISHOP-KI.Ef’T OK 

mmti. TlieTe are three kind* of dn*hi — lHlll'il'KVV' 

rfosAJ simple. iUtodosAi. and haun AuU. JllLHAtaht. 

’ -* * * Lath In the night of June 17th Uk Rcver- 

end Isaac 1.. Niduilson was electrd llishnp 
of the Episcopal Ifiiax^of Milwaukee U|x>n 
the eleventh latllol. Ilr NirhoUon, who is 
tmnKd to succeed Uie lligbl llevervod Cyrus 
Frederick Knliclit. who dlisl a abort time 

... since, waa born in lUltimnrc about forty ai-v- 

develnped into umbrella «D yam ago. He received Ilia earlier islti- 

r , . :I.L!y .::!t cation at 8t. Timotby's Hull. CaBtoovlllr, 

curtain* around them, and aurmounlrd hv Maryland, and after graduating waa obliged 
spear bhula. Their altupe bus been modi- to defur Ills college crairao on account of ill 
tied io various way*, according to the pojut- health. Entering hi* fallKr's hank in IhtlU- 
lar taste of different age*, and the full devel- more, he remained there for seven yean, hc- 
opment ia seen In the ArWb*<frt«A«. which haa coming a member of the firm. Ily that time 
the upper story smaller titan the lower. Ik had gained in health, and being desirous 
forming n sort of pyramid, tbe apex of of receiving a college education, lie entered 
which i- represented by Hk » end, lira into Dartmouth, and graduated therefrom 
™: ii 1 ; hdi=!q; ii In 1*09. While a college student he was 

origin. brought under certain influence* tliat turned 

/fuA»-<hj*Ai is illustrated in our Supple- hia mind towunl the ministry, and Ik there, 
ment. The posts ami beam are lacquered fore entered tlie Alexandria Snilurj, wheru 
black, and ornamented with gilt. The cur- he look a theological onurac under liishop 
— — richly embroidered silk. Tlie itn Wldttiogham. from whom he received dea- 

■* — *— -- -con’s order* in 1871. A year later lie was 

Impreia Jingo, ordained jwleat by liishop 1‘inkney. and cn 

Her hits- terrd into the assistant rectorship of fit. 

iiand. Uk Emperor c hutti, uiMlertook an Paul's Church, Baltimore. After four vara 

-*•-•— »-•- • — j lc wt u culled to Uk Church of the A seen - 

.Iww, “‘vilmiiHler, Marvland, from wlietusi 
lie went, in 1879. to 8t. Mark * Church. Phil. 
ndelpbia. of which Ik i* still rector. I)r. 
Nicholson baa been att ardent worker, and 
hi* influence i* extensive. In irgtil he whs 
circled Bishop of Inrlinna, but declined tli<- 
elevatloO, a* he fell that Ills work al that 
time was with hi* pariah He is deeply in- 

, •_ ., ?erity of Nadiotali, from 

iha degree of B.T.D. Be- 
largr congrrgation, Dr 


it difRruH to leak into the room idler then- 
precnulion* had liecn taken; hut even this 
did not mrticc. Thu following Cltrirtmii.s 
Eve she appeared us promptly as la-fore, and 
nearly frightened tlie occu|>ant of the room 
to ds-ath lay silting down alongside of him. 
ami gazing with her csvemou* blue eya 
into his; aud he noticed too Hint in her long 
aqueonsly Umy lingera hits of dripping sa- 
weed were entwined, the ends lmnging down, 
and Iliac ends sIk drew across Ilia fort-hcait 
until he became like one insane. And then 
be swooned away, and was found itncon- 
scion* in hia bed the next morning by liia 
host. He was simply saturated with' sea- 
water. and from the combined i-ffecla of 
fright and the walking be received be nevrT 
recovered, dying four yam later of |«ieu 
mon in and ucrvoua prostration al the age of 
aeventy eight. 

The next year the maxler of Harrow by 
Hall decided not to have Uie beat spare ben- 
room opened at nil. thinking that pcrlnpe 
the ghost's thirst for making herself disa- 
greeable would he satisfied by haunting Uk 
furniture. Imt the plan wa* as unavailing as 
Uk innnv tliat had prcceiictl il 

TIk glirot appeaitsl h* uatul in the room 
—tliat i*. il was suppoaml *hed id. because tlio 
jianginga wete dripping wet the next morn 
ing, und in l I k parlur below the haunted 
pMMti a emit damp spot appated <m the ceil- 
ing— hihI finding no one liierc.abc immediate- 
ly set out to learn Uk miwjn why. anil site 
chose uone ollK'i to limint limn the owner of 
the llnrron liy bitnself She found him in hi* 
own cozy room drinking w libkcy— straight 
whiskey it was — and felicitating himself 
upon having foiled ber ghnetubln. when nil 
or a Hiidden the curl went out of hi* hair. Ilia 
w hiskey In ill h* filled mid overflowed, and lie 
win, himself in u condition similar to that of 
a man who lias fallen into a water hurt. 
Wlien he recovered from the sltock. which 
wan a painful one. he tmw before bim the lady 
of the cavernous cyca and nea-wead tinge r». 
The right was vi unexpected and so terrifying 
Uiat he fainted, hut immediately name to. lav 
cause of the vast amount of water in hie hair, 
which trickled down over bis face and re- 
stored bis consciousness. 

Now it mi bnppened that I Ik- master of 
llarrowby wa* a brave mail, and while ho 
wa* not particularly fond of interviewing 
gliiwt*. i-Npceinlly such quenching ghost* ns 
Ibe one before him, he wax not going to Ik 
daunted liy an apparition. He bad paid the 
lady the compliment of fainting from the 
effect* of his first surprise, and now that lie 
load conic to. he intended to find out a few 
things lie felt Ik hud a right to know. He 
would Irave liked to pul on a dry suit of 
clot Iks firet. hut the apparition declined to 
leave hint for an instant until Uk hour waaup, 
ansi Ik wa* forced to deny himself Unit plca- 
*ure. Every time- Ik would move, she Would 
follow him, with the ruHiilt that everything 
*Ik came in contact with g«i« a due-king. In 
an effort to warm himself tip, lie apnniarheri 
the fire, an unfortunate move, as it turned 
out, because it brought Uie ghost right over 
tlie fire, which Immediately was extinguish- 
ed. The whiskey iH-rame utterly valueless 
us a comforter to bis chilled system, because 
il wa* by this time diluted to « proportion of 
ninety per cent, of water The only thing 
be cotllil do to ward off Uie evil rftrcU of 
hi* encounter hr did. and that wo* in swal- 
low ten two grain quinine pills, which he 
mansged to gel into hi* mouth before tint 
glioM had time to interfere. Having done 
this. Ik turned with some asperity to tbu 
glusil. ansi mid: 

'• Far lie It from me to Ik impolite to a 
woman mm lain Uu I'm hanged If It wouldn't 
please me la -1 ter if you'd slop these infernal 
visirs of vour» to this house. Go sit out on ' 
IIk lake, if you like Uiat sort of thins; soak 
Uk water- Ihiii_ If you wish, lull don't come 
into u gcnllcmiiii'* house and saltirale him 
ansi lit* |Missc*sii>na in this way. It is d — d 
disagreeable. " 

"Henry llart wick Ogh'Umrpe.' - M iid the 
ghost, in a gurgling voice. " you dou't know 
what you are talking about." 

"Madam." returmsl tint unhappy bouse- 
bolder. ' I wish that remark were strictly 
truthful. I was talking about you. Il would 
lot hlilllingH aud lienee— nay. pound*, in my 
pocket, in. uluni. if I did not know you.'' 

"That is a bit of specious nonsense." re- 
turned the gluwt. throwing a quart of indtg 
mtlioii into lire fare uf Uk master of liar 
rowliy •• It may rank high a* irpartr*'. 
hut tus a comment upon my rtalement thsi 
roil do not know what you are talking about. 

It savors of irrelevant Impertinence. You 
do lint know tliat I uni mmprlh'il to Imuut 
till* place year after year by iDexonihlc fate. 

It is no pli-asute to me to enter this bouse, 
noil ruin und mildew everything I touch. I 
never aspinsl to be a •huncr-bath. but it is 
my doom. Do you know who I am?” 

"No. I don't," relumed tbc master of 
llutTowiiy. " I fclMMtld *ny vou were Uk 
Lady of tlie Lake or Little Snflio Waters." 

“You arc a witty man for your y<*r*.“ 
said Uk ghost. 

“Well, my humor i* drier thun yours ever 
will he." returned tbc master. 

"No doubt. I'm never dry. 1 am Uk 
W ater Ghost of Harmwhy Hall, and dry- 
ness is It quality enurelr licvond my wildest 
lio|w I I ui vi- Ims'u the inriimlatni of that 
highly tinplessant office for two hundri*! 
year* to night." 

“ How Uie deuiX' dill you ever com*' to get 
elected?" uski'd I lie miuier. 

“I'm a suicide. I’m the ghost of liul 



ivne 21. ie»,. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY 


483 


pri whcwe picture hangs over the mantel 
['■ere In the drawing-room. 1 should liarc 
»*n yuur gtvai .great great great-great mnt 
if I had lived, Henry Hart wick Oglethorpe, 
for 1 WfW the own sister of yuur Rrcht-gtviU- 
great ercai grandfather." 

“ Wluit induced you to get this haunt' into 
such • hole?" 

"1 was not to blame. sir." returned the 
lady. "It was my faUier'a fault. He it was 
who built Harrow i.y Hall, and that liaunted 
room ww to have been mine. My father 
hml it furnished In pink and yellow, know- 
ing well Hint blue anil gray formed the only 
combination of color 1 amid tolernte. He 
did u just to spite me. ami I declined to live 
in the room , ao he said I could live Ibere nr 
•ml on the Ihwii. lie didn't care which. Tbnt 
night I run from the home, and jumped over 
the cliff into Hie sen " 

"That was rash." said the master of Har- 
row by. 

" So I've heard." returned the glicwt “If 
I had known wliat Ibo cnaenqtSCIKea were 
going lobe. 1 never would bnve jumped; but 
I reidlv never realized what I was doing until 
after ( wiu drowned. I lnul been drowned a 
week when a sea n.vmph came to me and in- 
formed me that I was to he one of her follow- 
er* forever afterward, adding that it should 
Im> my doom to liauut llarvowliv Hull fur 
one hour every Cfariatnm* Eve throughout 
the reel of eternity. I was to Imuut thut 
room an such Christmas Eves as I found It 
inhabited, and if U should turn mil not to 
lie inhabited, 1 was and am to spend the 
allotted hour with tin' Lead of the house " 

" I’ll sell the place. 1 

"That you ran not do, for it is nlso re- 
quired of me lisat I sliali appear Mthedetd* 
nre to he deli venal to the purchaser, and di- 
vulge to him the awful secret of the house " 

•• I>» you mean to tell me Uiat on every 
Christinas Eve that 1 don't faamiea to have 
■somebody in that guina - ebamU-r, you arc 
cning tu haunt me wherever 1 may be, ruin 
Ing my whiskey, taking all the curl out of 
my hair, extinguishing my fire, am! winking 
me. through to the skin":" demanded the 
master. 

That * about Hm; fixe of it. Ami w lint Is 
more." *ald the water glnal. “It doesn't 
make the slightest difference where you are. 
if 1 find that room empty, 1 douse you with 
my spectral pre* — " 

Here the clock struck one, and immedi- 
ately the apparition faded away. It was per 
Imps more of a trickle than a fade, hut as a 
Disappearance it was complete. 

"By George!" ejaculated Use master of 
llarrowhy, wringing his hands. " It 1* dol- 
lars lodougtiiiuts that next Christmas t bore's 
an occupant of tint room, or I spend the 
night in it hnlh-iub.” 

But the master of llarrowhy would havo 
lost bis bet bud tlirre been any one there to 
take him up. for when Christmas Eve canto 
around again, In: was in his grave, never hav- 
ing recovered from the cold contracted Unit 
awful night, lliirrowhy Hall was dosed, 
and the heir to the estate was iu London, 
where to him in his chamber* came the same 
experience thut his father had gone through, 
saving only that, being younger and stronger, 
lie survived the shock. Everything in his 
room* was ruined— his clocks were rusted iu 
1 Ik> work*: a tine collection of wsicr-colnr 
drawings was entirely sjxiilrd by like on- 
slaught of the witter ghost: ami what was 
worse, the a]Mrl!i>enl* below his weredrench- 
nl with tlse water soaking through the flonra, 
a damage for wliir-h lie was compelled to 
pay, and which resulted in his living requested 
by Ills landlady to vacate Uic premises. 

The story nf the visitation inflicted upon 
his family had gone abroad, and no one could 
lie got to invite him nut to anything save 
afternoon leas and receptions. Kallseis of 
daughter* declined to permit him to remain 
in tlirir houses later than eight o'clock at 
night, not knowing but that some emergency 
might arise in the supernatural world which 
would require the unexpected appearance of 
the water ghost iu this on nights other than 
l 'hrwtmas Eve. and before the mystic hour 
when weary church yard*, ignoring the rules 
which arc supposed to govern ixilite society, 
liegiu In yawn. Nor would Hie girl* litem 
seises have anything to do with him. frnnng 
the destruction by Lite sudden Incursion of 
aqueous femininity of the costume* which 
they held most dear. 

So the heir of Hamtwhv Hall resolved, as 
hi* ancestor* for several ireiurntiutu liefore. 
him hail resolved. Iliat something must lie 
done. His Drat thought »»■ to inuke odi* of 
hi* servants occupy the haunted room at llte 
crucial moment ; but iu this be failed, because 
the senrtot# tltsmssNss knew the history <if 
that room and rebelled. None of his friends 
would (xinsant to sacrifice their personal com- 
fort to hi*, nor was there to be found in wll 
England a man no poor as tu be willing to 
occupy the doomed clianilier on Christmas 
live for pay. 

Then the thought came to the heir to have 
tltc fireplace in the room an larged, so that 
he might evaporate the ghost at its first ap- 
I leaniiKv. and lie wa* felicitating himself 
upon Uic ingenuity of his plan, when lie re 
■ iirlilliemi what hi* father hiul told linn — 
how that no fire could withstand the lady's 
extremely cnuingliMie dampness Ami then 
he bethought him of steam pipe*. These, 
ho remembered, could lie hundreds of feet 
deep in water and still retain suflirient Iwnt 
In drive the water away in vapor, ami ns a 

result of ibis tl tlic haunted room wu* 

healed by dry steam to a watering decree. 



and ihc Itcir for six months attended daily "Ah, hut I shall thaw out again, and then Here even llte word* from on the water 
the Turkish baths, so thut when Clirhimas you'll see. Instuud nf ihc comfortably tepid, ghost's lips, and the dock s.lnn \ one. There 
Eve came Ire could himself withstand the grniul ghost I have Incn in tire post. air. I was a momentary tremor Hiroi.glutut lire Ice. 
awful temperature of lire roam. shall Ire ice-water." cried the lady, threaten. lasund form, and tire moon, coming out front 

The scheme whs only partially strecitofiil Inglv. behind a cloud, shone down on tire rigid 

'rite water ghost appeared at the specified " Jfo, you won't, either, “ returned Ogle, figure of a la-auliful woman sculptured in 
time, and found the lreir of Harrowby pro Ihorpe; •• for wlien you are frozen stiff. I ckwr. transparent Ice; there stood the ghost 
pared : Imii hot as the loom was. it only abort- shall send you to a cold storage warehouse, of llarrowhy Hull, conquered by the cold, it 
cited lrer visit by five minutes in lire hour, and there shall you remain au icy work of prisoner for all time 

during which time the nervous system of lire art forever inure." The heir of llarrowhy had won at last, and 

young master was wdlnigh shattered, and " But warehouses hunt." u.dnv in u large storage house In London 

tin- room itself was cracked anti warped tuan " So they do, but tlik warehouse cannot stauiis the frigid form of one who will never 
extent wbk.ii required the outlay of a large burn. It la mntie of aslvstn*. and surround- again fiood the house of Oglethorpe with w oe 
sum of money to remedy. Anti worse than ing it are fireproof walls, and within those und m« water. 

this, as the last druti of tire water ghost was walls the temperature is now and shall for- A* for lire lreir of llarrowhy, hi* surra* 
slowly staling Itself out on the floor, die ever bs did 3 below aero— low enough to make in tinping with a ghost Inis made him fNiuotts. 
whis|terrd tn her would be Conqueror that an icicle of any llan to in this world— tir the u fame that still lingers about him. aliliougfa 
his scheme would avail him nothing, lrecauw next," tire master mlded. with au ill sup- hi* victory took place aotntt twenty years ago . 
there was plenty more water where she caine pressed chuckle. and so far from being unpopular with tilt: 

from, nnd that uext y ear would find her re- " For the last lime let me beseech you. I fair »o, as lit wiih wlien we first knew Itim, 
habilitated and a* cxttspcralittgly saturating would go tm my knees to you. Ogb-iltorpe. Ire Itas not only I ■ecu married twit*, bill i* Ut 
a* ever. were they not already /jvq>/mf,- I Isrg of you lead a third bride to the altar before the year 

It was then that (he natural action nf tltc do not don—" i» out- 

mind, in going from one extreme to the other, 

suggested to tiie ingenious lreir of Hnritiwby = - — ir =— t — : : - ■ ■■■ - - ■ n 

tire mean* by which lire water ghost mis 
ultimately conquered. and hapnliieas once 
more came within tire grasp of thu bouse of 

Tire lreir provkdiMl himself with a warm 
suit of fur underclothing, lire furry side in. 

Over this he placed a rubber garment, tight- 

fitting, into whiclt Ire go* Jn*t a* a woman t # 

grta into a jeraey. On ton of this he placed A f i\ 

another set of under clothing, this suit made St V LtPI^V I \ 

of wool, anti over this wa* anoiiier rubber /Ay & dk \ 

garment Upon bis Irend lie placed n light /wH W| fj,J_ \ VI \ 

and eomfortablc diving-hclnret. ami on Had. \l V, 1 

on tire following Christmas Eve he awaited V 

the coming of his tornrentor. r<At 

It was a bitterly cold night tliat lirought to . VVlBlffl V B| > V I «jp\ 

a close this twenty fourth day of Hwiuber. j ■ M r Ha *. 

Tlte nir riuUiilc was still, but the tcnipernutru / I MB ijm. I faBre 

was below zero. WiUiiu all was quiet, the vKMl I IMy, ajjftT 

servants of llarrowhy Hall awaiting with ' v Muf V t 

tieiUing beatls the outcome of llrelr master's ■ttlffi'W IV 

canipuign against hi* supetimtural visitor. flXMHmr 

The ntasler himscif was lying on Uic Iasi M-.rltwK j|| 

in the haunted nsom, clad aslms already I recta H ft I 

indicated, and— 

The clock ciangtrl out the hour of twelve. 

There whs a sudden Imnging of door*, a 1. I Bfir 

blast of cold air swept through the halls, Uic f *, 8 

do-jr trading into llic haunted cltamber flew WD ^SSa 

open, a splash waa lieard . and lire water ghost JraHV pC 

was seen standing at lire side of the heir nf JPw 

Hatvowliy. from whore outer dresa there ^v. WiTi 

streuimsl rivulets of water, hut whose own | .*■' ■' - ... { 

t arson deep down under the various ganttetit* Mi . -* ^ «»M%MmySSn*~ "*"* ] 

* wore, was as dry atul as warm as he could _ ’’ “• .vmuT-mm i 

" Har said tbo young nwater of Harrow- ^ 

If tliat b true." returned ^tbe ghiwi. "May 

1 ask where did you get Uiat liat:” ' MBn I* 

•Terialtily, madam," nturittsi the mas- (DJ* mm ,wMi .■■Vh 

ter, courlcoiislv. " It b ii little pirtabli- ob- B mm 

servatorv I had made for Just such emergen- jflreMpw III . ' 

cira aa lliii* llul, tell me. is it true that you I Kil 

tal hour— to stand where I stand, to sit where H ia 

"That is my delectable fate," returned the &&? $' 

;V \Ve1l ga out on Uie lake," said tbo mas- 

•• You can't get rid of me tlinl way," re- v**- — r- • — - --»* — 

jwaed (111 gljNl^ “Tlie _walcr won't 8 wh1- 

"But, my dear sir," returned tltc glioat, — - - — .... ..... Ju j 

with a pale idlieUnce. 'it i-. fearfully told ' ' \ |i|V. 

out there. You will U< frown hard Irefore 

you're lwen nut ten minutes. '' ^ ӣ.l* f a7 i'il 1 * 1 ~ ' *' ' f 

•*Oh no. I'll not,” replied the master. "I 
am very warmly tlmord. Come P Tliis 

last In a tone of commaud Ibai made the THE BEECHER STATE E IN BROOKLYN, 

ghost ripple. 

And they started. Hksuv Ward Bk»'hkr was m> easily tbc Ibai the effigy of Henry Ward Beecher Ire- 

They bad not gone far before the water first citizen of Brooklyn during the genera- long*. Tire most central and accereilde place 
gho-t allowed signs of distress lion for which lie lived there that tire thiol of Bi-ouklyn i» Uh- triaugle in front of the 

"You walk loo slowly, "sire said. "lam city of tlw Union n«s bet known through- City Hall, which waa finally cltoecn for tlte 
nearly frozen. My knees are ui stiff now I out the country a* his home. Thai a man so piltpotc: but if lire statin: iiatl laen turmsl 
can hardly move. I besoccli you tu help me preemltteul In bis lifetime slum Id Ire com- away from (lie City Hull, a* It liad been 
to limber up by accelerating yuur move- nremoralcd by a (smsplrauius monument after nuggcsletl tbnt it should ia-. it would have 
menu" ’ ’ liis (lentil w*» a simple recognition of tbe flu tss-n visitde. in a front view, tnily from a dirt- 

" I should like to oblige a lady," returned nea* of thing*. The lack of Hitch * inoiiu lance at which the detail would have l»-«n 
tire master, coartoomly. •' hut m v clothes are nrent would have tj.-enadiM-ie.iit not so much bwt, ami even then from a walk which is lit- 
rather heavy, ami a hundred yanis an hour I" his memory a* to the public spirit of hi< lie fr«s|aenled, By feeing it toward the* ny 
is alsjut my ancetL Indeed, I think we fellow cilia-ns. He himself miglit Iwvo con- Hall It b brought into immediate view from 
woukl Is-Ucr sit down licre on this snow drift, tcniplatod this neglect with tire rquanimily tire lir<sirl paved plara whlcli is virtually a 
ami ulk mutters over.” shown on a like occasion by the old Roman, prolongation of Montague direct. Tlie spot 

" IV. not! IVi lki* do «<j. I lag" cried the wbodcclnred Hint lie would much rathrr have where it stands la really the centre of Br.«;ik- 
gliof'. " Let nre move on, I feel myself licople asking, "Why is Catos statue n»t iyn.su far as so centrifugal and expansive a 
growing rigid as it is. If we slop here. I here V than " Whv i* Otto's statue here J“ town end lie miitl to I in re a centre, and ia 
Sliall Ijc frozen stiff." This latter query w often Inspired by our in the immediate neighborhood of an arcld- 

“ That, madam." said the master, slowly, tiulilic Mrttitc*. but time I* no danger of lt« leclural group wbieb is among the finnt in 
and Seftlrig hlmwlf on an ioecake tliat ‘la ra-iiig put about the stntue of Henry Ward either city, coinnriaing a* it doo* the Acud 
why I have brought you here. AYc have Ueeclrer for uotne general iomi yet toiume. He cmy i>f iliuic, lire Art Building, tbe Brook 
I *een Oil this spot just ten minutes; we have lias been dead hut four year*, and already a lyn Library, and lire Church of the llolv 
fifty more. Take yuur lime about it. madam, public memorial of him in UreM.klyti has name Trinity 

but freeze, that is all 1 usk of you." to be conspiciiouv liy it* ahacnci* That tin- A* (lie memorial is nut iu any special or 

"I cannot move my right leg now." cried memorial of him waa worth waiting for will exclusive ren*? a tribute of Plymouth Church 
tbn gbnat, In despair, " and my overskirt is a not l«e disputed by any of those who have to it* pastor tbe aculplue was dispensed from 
solid sheet of ice. Oh, goml. kind Mr. Ogle- bad tint oppnrtunfljr of arcing Mr Ward'* it lido taking tu represent Mr. Beecher in the 
tkorne. Ugiitafia'. and thaw me lonec," work during iu brngrata. or by the public to pastoral capacity which it wit* always |,j 3 
" Never, madam. It taut nut lie. 1 have wbkh It is now displayed. pride and pleasure tn transcend. TliesLaiue 

you at last." There luts Iweu some dbcuarinu in tin? pres* ia a monument to llte first ritizjcn of Hns.k 

" Run for the tce-|kirk. then. and stall me Pi of (lie two citle* almul the placing of the sla lyn. ami manifi'slly rcprenmls, both in the 
the heart, which 1 fuel even now ia congeal- tile. Inti this will now prolwbly la: admitted central figure and in itsartnrarH iIh- Imaul 

ing, and so end my misciy." tu Itave been tuoat fortuisate. It wa* at find hum-miiy nf tbc man. Fmm the mere om- 

•" Let it cungeal. my I, I'll not commit intended tbnt the monument almuld adorn tour and altitude of a living man we dcrivn 

murder." returned t igii-tbrope. •* You have Piwpn-1 l*ark, but it was a wise frcling that some impeuselon of his cbnracU-r. and a slat 
drenched me and mine for iwri hundred h-d to (lie abanduttinenl of UiIh purpnae, for m-. to la- siicrcsafol. simuUl give in a ceneral 
and threv year*, niaslani. To-night you lutvc it is not to an outlying pleasure -ground, but view this name grucral imprcmlou N-dn-.v 

bud your last drench." * to a opucu "lu atuotig tlic Ibrongs uf men" cun look at Mr. AVatdn iepre»eaUili.in t-f 



484 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1M! 




TUE PKKCltEtt BTATL'K IN FRONT op TIIB CITY IIAl.l.. IlltOOKI.YN 






JUNE S7, 1891. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


485 




COLLEGE BOATRACING IX 
AMERICA. 

BY CAfil’Alt Vf. WIDTH KY. 

Tim earliest recorded college boating In 
tli is country got* kfk *o 1(1113. wlim Vale 
wia spreading consternation among Ibo end 
•»’li lie local lie i !■»•*. of tbr fair* nn«l Fourth of 
J ily festivities iu llie rural districts of Cod. 
n cticuOUHiiicluiwtlA. ami New York. Col- 
ic IP archives fail to <l«»l very qwcifl rally 
with these Aral aquatic conquest*. but time 
ami Ibo collegian*’ fanciful cuiicepthm have 
jointly cast a glamour of romance about 
thiwc primitive athletic dara which Una mom 
than supplied the deficiency, Even the 
townsfolk hare fulleu victimK (and not tin 
Willing one*) to the blandishment* of tbo 
picturesque nud prolific undergraduate mem- 
ory, ami Dm visitor to New Havod today 
may. without great search, find many an 
"oldest inhabitant " who will wnx garrulous 
on the proven* of Yale oarsmen in those an- 
cient day*. For ten year* there was no boat, 
racing at Yale other than the annual dcaccnl* 
on the country butnpklua' eapccial Odd of uc- 
tlvlty. Boating, in fuel. wu» neither a recog 
nixed nor organized college »|Kirt, truioiug 
waa an unexplored mystery, ami desultory 
work was the order of the day. Harvard, 
In the mean time, with all the glorious facil- 
ities presented by the Charles River. was be- 
ginning IlkewliHi to take on a boating spirit. 

Intercollegiate history docs not enlighten 
us on llm first days of rowing at Cambridge, 
but a certain dear old boy. for whose memory 
1 have loo much respect to permit a single 
doubt to darken eveu one of bis deliciously 
impossible yarns, ha* poured Into my ear by 
iIki hour woudrotis talc* of their prowess. 
Who shall *«y ll»at eveu In those early day* 
lliore was no rivalry between tlirsc, our two 
greatest seal* of leumknu? If Yale humbled 
the pi ule of the country lads in carrying 
away the prize* at Unit Fottltli of July re 
gnttu. Harvard, so my ancM-nt mariner in- 
forms me. was no less victorious in stealing 
•way l lie hearts of ilic lasses wbo lined the 
hank nf tbe Charles whenever the college 
buys went out for a pull 

Tbe organization or Ihesporl wits, of enurae, 
a tiaturnl sequence. ami In 18411 seven mem- 
ben* of the Yale cluaa of '44 formed, under tlie 
uiiiue of the Yale Bint Club, the first rowing 
club in America. They had a four-oared 
W hi tell ail bout. 19 feet 'long, about 4 wale, 
and n*ed IS fret oar*. In that sumo your 
I brer other lioat* Wete purrlwsed by tbe stu- 
dents. one of tlicin being a luputrcak gig for 
H nan*. Tills, for the time being, was the 
pride of tho university, to say nothing *>f 
New llavi-it. It was long, narrow, and so 
fast thin tl*e rcmarkaldu taka of Ibo rarber 
IsaaLs were in great danger of bring effac'd 
altogether from collegiate recollection. 

In the following year tlic Harvard class of 
'441 hud tlw distinction of fornilug the litst 
boat club in that university. They pur- 
chased an eight mired boat, called OneiVin, 
that lia*l been built for a race bet worn 
Boston mechanic*, and many a contest it 
won for them. It whs a heavy lap streak. 
8? feet long. feet in it* w hint part. ami 
tapered gtudi.'.lly to bow ami stern. It sat 
low in the watrr, hail no shear was floor'd 
half-way up to tbu gunwale with wooden 


in ‘43 at Yak. followed by Harvard in '44. 
the sport took on a boom that carried it 
along with a splurge for a few >«ar», but 
rather left it to shift for lUulf in about 4tt 
Tlie college faculties all this limn btul by no 
means encouraged Uniting, though they had 
tolerated it. but in '51 tlie student* at Cam- 
bridge hod a town row. and forthwith an or- 
der went oat from the Harvard faculty pro- 
hibiting tbe construction of any new lusts; 
consequently, la '31, '32. and ’53. Harvard dr- 
pended for succeaa u|kiu Imt one bout, the 
trust worthy Onrul». and right well did she 
serve them. 

In ’58 Yale and Harvard contested their 
first race, August ild.nl Centre Harbor, take 
Winnlpiseogce. in eight oared luurgus. over a 
two mile course. The prize wna a joiir of 
bluck walnut oars, ami Harvard wou in the 
Owuiit by four Irnrtlts. a curious fmlure 
being that tbe stroke oar In bull boat* 
rowed u|K>u the starboard side. Hauling at 
ibis time, nud in tbe one or two yean imme- 
diately following, wo* not in a particularly 
nourishing condition at Hut v uni. Yale * de- 
feat naturally gave her a bit of a set down, 
ami consequently then: wu* ho rare again 
until '55. when Yale again challenged. This 
time it was rowed at Hpring field, u mile 
n half tuid return, awl wn* uguin won by 
Harvard in an eight-oared barge. Yalo row- 
ing a six-cured hurge. Yalo btul a superior 
lsiat in this y«iar. with wooden outrigger*, 
but pulled a short, jerky stroke, 00 to the 
minute, and were niud out of It. After this 
year the boating spirit at Harvard took uu a 
great boom. 

Tbe Unit 'varsity (mat was constructed— a 
51 foot lap Mi cull, with no rudder— new mod- 
els were ni.uir, and for tbo first time out- 
riggers and spruce oar* were seen nt ('am 
bridge. Tbcre was no race in ’57 with Vole 
but that year marked a turning point in f n ! 
tercollegmto racing. Harvard built a *ix- 
oarctl shell— tbe fire* one in America — 10 feet 
long (made abort in order to turn a stake 
citstly i, 28 inches wide amidships, and Weigh 
ing 150 pounds. Tbe abell was mode of 
white pine, and fitted with iron outriggers 
similar to those in use now. with the excep- 
tion that the care were not fasten'd in. 
A<hl to this outfit spoon oare. ami it is hardly 
nectaaary to say lhal the Harvard crew of '5fl 
were so elated that visions of aquatic victory 
cliased everything else out of their beads, ft 
was a great stride in rowing in thoM days. 

I n May. '58. the Jlarrartl Magarint prop, im d 
tbe establishment of an annual luierci.lle 
giale regalia. Forthwith circulars were sent 
to Brown, Yale, ami Trinity. At a meeting 
called nt New Haven. May 2flrh, arrange- 
ment* were made for a three mile race llul 
year at Springfield. July 23d Conshlerulde 
preparation wa» made by both Yale and 
Harvard for ibis event, it seeming to l>c filled 
with more iinportnnce Hum those which luul 
gone before It. Tim drowning of tbu Yale 
stroke a few days previous id the day set 
for the rocu put an end to tbo regatta for 
lhal year, however. The impetus that laid 
been given rowing, by It* further recognition 
in the establishment of an intercollegiate ro- 
gutia, went merrily alotig.nnd iu 59 tbe crews 
settled to their work more earnestly. For 


strips, anil hud hardwood graliugB at either 
end t hat were tlie crew's absolute delight. On 
every state occasion these gratings were 
mblled. oiled, and polished until they shone 
again. Plain flat wooden tholepins lilted into 
tbe gunwale; she hod six wliitcusli nar*. Tim 
Oneida stands out prominently mid gallantly 
in tbo first days of college boating. Bite was 
a good boat, and won tbe first race with 
Yale in '52; situ was never beaten. In fact, 
until ‘5A. when race- lsiat* were introduced, 
ami iu '57 slic wo* Hold in order to purchase 
n entft better adapted to excursion* and 
lews to racing. The only boat In those 
days that approached Ourwla was Ntarmnf 
at New Haven, which in its turn become 
famous. It had room for six passengers, 
the captain's elevated seal being ut the ex- 
treme end. from where lie could look over 
tbe beads of the crew. In those day* col- 
lege boat* were constructed more for plea- 


suring than racing, and accommodation was 
invariably mode for guest*. 

But t ho*** were good old dnya, mu re enough 
—at least »o my ancient mariner tells me. 
Tlie drudgery of training wax unkoowu. No 
such discipline as we are accustomed to now- 
adays would huve been permitted. Rowing 
was a recreation first, last, and always. The 
crew* were ebixtcn ou uccouul of llieir popu- 
larity ns well ns strength and general fitness, 
and when they rowed half the university 
turned out to watch and clteer. Ron lug 
day* were veritable carnival* of aquatic aporf, 
and not an available boat In college or lowu 
rode at auehnr on such an occasion. About 
the only system observed *u tlmt tbu best 
oarsmen— tbo ones likely to fill tbn varsity 
— hail absolute control of tbu bouts in the 
evening, while llxi beginners were permitted 
to take their work In tbu morning. Begin 
ning with the establishment of rowing clubs 


4S6 


HARPER'S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 1501. 


tlii* Ural rime they began to train. rentrictlng 
HreinwtVM to HMffit, dry Umul. oaimeii], noil 
fruit occasionally. They rmi four mlh*» be- 
fon* breakfast, finishing up in good speed; 
pulled weights in Urn 'gymnasium; rowed 
the full course every evening: anti pnitl 
more attention to Uie stroke Brown »ur- 
rreded also in mustering a crew. Tlic nice 
wn* rowed on Ijike (Juln*nr*ni*>int. mile 
nml a half and return, in six oared shells, 
and won by llarennl. Ttic following year, 
fit), wu a tic-petition in mule* ami remits of 
'-50, Harvard rowing in a new shell. longer 
nnd narrower than any she Imd nml. This 
year also saw lire tint of Freshman and Boplt- 
■irnore mm between Harvard and Yule. 

Front tins year (W| tin til M there were 
no nun between Yale and Harvard; ltotb 
ervwr*. however, did eomu training every 
yenr, nnd wete continually seeking improve- 
ment* on tlieir method*. I luring Ibis period 
«f intercollegiate letlniiL'y some good at Icart 
war accomplished in tin* arcuntie surveying 
of the course at riprlngflcld nnd on Luke 
Quinsigmuorid. with the n-sttlt nf showing 
that the time matte prcviiMitiy wna not nt all 
to be relied upon, the Mailing and ttiiishhig 
flag* having liven moved from time to time 
without (inj- especial regard for accuracy. In 
‘64 came kale's first victory, mid wonderful 
Inulitiiuis concerning Mr Vi'illmr Bacon and 
Hint redoubtable cn-w yet hover about the 
ball* at New llnven. looking buck from 
our present athletic vantage-ground upon the 
work lion* bv thi* rrew, we w onder the men 
accomplished whin they dhl; prolmldy no 
crew in the history of American boating ever 
went thtoiigh MUM training. It may in 
teres! oarsmen of to-day to tend n leaf from 
lire daily work of those men: "They nmsr 
at xlx. walked and mu before breakfast. on an 
absolutely empty stomneb, between three and 
live miles, running in heavy (tunnels more 
Hum half the distance. and part of ibnlat full 
speed. After breakfast and recitation they 
rowed alNHit four mile* at speed, and again 
iu the afternoon tbe same distance .... much 
of their rowing Mug • on lime.' Beef. mut- 
ton, ocmsionally chicken. toasted bread. bill 
cil rite, nnd wcuk leu was the Itill of fan*. No 
wine or beer, and Imt few vegetables.'' 

One of tlic curiosities of Ibis ngc of Ath- 
letic ignorance wns tlie report in n daily pa- 
per of tlw race, in which the Harvard men. 
who had been training without shirts, nnd 
appeared consequently with hrownetl hacks, 
were declared to have anointed themselves 
with some kind of coloring preparation wnr- 
ranted t« strike terror to the hearts of tlu-ir 
rivals. Tlic costume* of the crew in this the 
■rniteM mis- up 10 that lime were: for Yale, 
-blue handkerchiefs, flesh - colored shirts, 
ami White trouser* for liarviml. " ml 
liiualkcirhiefs, white shirts, and blue trou- 
sers." Mr. Hh cam's effective work continued 
Ihrough Rl. and again Yale won in 1? mitt* 
tites 41 j second*, the fastest time ever made 
in Ibia country f«ur a three mile race with a 
turn Yules work in both tlwwc years wn* 
line direct result of indefatigable effort ubly 
directed. Tlo- form w-aa in it good, the men 
rowing d quick, jerky stroke, hut their lime 
wan excellent, and they had tlic great advan- 
tage of long practice together In 'IM Yale 
began a scries of experiments llinl Insled, 
with morn or l«-ss disaster, for about ten 
years. N'ul content with the good material 
Inf it* kind), Mr. Bacon had micwtled. after 
his several yenra of hard work, in developing, 
some new men got boM of tin- reins, nnd a 
stroke rowed principally with tlic arms wns 
iulrudueed. 

How curiously throughout the history of 
college rowing we Hod every now nnd again 
llte substance being fursaken fur the shadow ' 
First Yale, tlrcn Harvard. then Yale ngnin; 
ami Harvard ev en to this «Uy is only just 1*. 
ginning. after a long auccemkm of ilefents. 
1o see through the glass darkly Well, tbit 
Yule crew of '60 wns defeated, mid so aim 
were those of «T. 'OK and '00 Iu three 
years, by tbe wny, the ours uml by Isilh 
crews were **lmrl«-r than they arc now. while 
those of '45 wen* longer Tile defeats ad- 
nduirtered to llarvnrd l*v Ynk* in '04 ami '05 
enrrird with them severe hut masterly lessmt* 

I bill were h-nrned silently and thoroughly 
llm vied took warning of tlw " fine " I mined 
crew from New lliiven. nml kept her men in 
sufficient flreh to permit of working ufl n 
few poumls mi tbe d.«y of tlw great struggle. 
In llrere- three year* linrvnnl made consider- 
able progress, ssnil i»-giiti to look about for 
new Held* nf runqurrt. As early as ‘$7 a de- 
rm? tu visit Eutnpe ami try concInMuus with 
the English nnivnsllirs Is-ranm' manifest, 
and the Init-mailonii) Kegaltu thrown open 
to the world in ronnci-tion with the- Iritis 
Expixdtiun afforded the desired opportunity. 
A great effort was made, but as sirs- could 
muster onlv seven men worthy of a seat in 
Ihe shell, Harvard was compelled to Ik- con- 
tent that yenr with n victory over Yale 

Again. in '68. Ilm trip to Rngluml was 
agitated, anil a ch nl letup- ss-nl Oxford. Thi* 
w«* accepted, ami nil Harvard won In-ids- It- 
self with elution. From tbiit slay on tbe hn- 
roaieter of lliiivurd * nth let it* esteem climbed 
Mrwdilv upward. Tlw- crew was ws-ll received 
uhrond.aml nude nn extremely furnmlih* itn- 
prreelon. Space doe* tort permit <if going 
more into detail; Harvard was «h-fcntssl by 
six seconds in a four mile nice wiili Oxford, 
though it is not improlxiblr that had liar 
Vurd (lursurd Ihe smite policy ns the- English 
crew, and taken Oxford 1 * water, giving Hm- 
hack wash she wn* afterward compelled In 
take, the tunu would rotaluly Lave been 


leas Harvard's coxswain wn* too xparls- 
mna like for Iks; Englishmen. 

A* though to add Insult to injury. Yale in 
the fallowing yenr, '70. defeated her. but hal- 
ing fosiled ski the turn, the rue* waa awarded 
to Harvard Yale introduced sliding scuts in 
Ibis year, uml they were Immediately taken 
up by nil tlic rowing college*. The sliding 
Heat* of those days, however, were primitive 
afTaii* They con»isls><l of a pirn* hoard about 
4 by 12. with grooved boxwood runners sliding 
nn steel nothing to regnbtie tit* slide, or 
keep it from jumping off the runners. Har- 
vard was the Uml crew In thi* year to *it 
" hard up.” instead of in tint centre of tleo 
shell. No nice was arranged between liar- 
vard nnd Yale la *71. though Hu- Utter sent 
n challenge, and nil Araochtlion of Am*-r 
Iran College* was formed, to which belouged 
Amherst. Bowdoin. Brown. Harvard, nnd 
Agrirtilliiml Collrgi* of MiuuiM-husetU. Tin* 
ra<s- *>f that yenr wa* won hvtbo lust named. 
wi:li Harvard ancond. In (2 Vole followed 
the rest, nnd joined the AasocUlion; and in 
that yenr proditted tlw woc« en w in her 
hiMary. Tlw raec was tl Springfield-- three 
tulk-sstraigfiiawHv, with six college* entered. 
Amhetst won. Yam liuisliing Inst, And yet in 
thnt IkhU sat If. J Conk, who W;t* receiving 
his tlrst lewotis in a bitter oclronl, nnd was 
afterward to thi so ntncli for Yale Imnting. 

TIm- conHitltalion of Ynle worker* tlmi fob 
lowed thi* gloomy event, concbul«l thnt they 
were narking on the wrong l»«is; they had 
Irb-d elmit jrtky Birokes and long slow 
one*, profesaionnl roa riling had I wen follow- 
evl since 14. mid tlie foundntlon of a strong 
winning stroke sterner! os far off ax ever. It 
was resolved, therefore, lo nrrv Ihe wnr into 
Africa; so in tin* spring of "731 Mr Conk 
made his trip to England, lie spent mnnv 
months no the Thame*, closely watebing tlie 
Oxfonl nnd Cnmhridgt- oarsmen, and when 
he returned he In-ought w-Slh him the funda- 
mental principle" of mwing. upon which nml 
through which be bns developed such exrel. 
lent result* He brought to Amorim "iho 
long sweep ami slow n*eorcr of the Eng- 
lishmen. and lie left behind the short alkie." 
in mbieh he Imd la*en instriH-bsl, It wax hy 
no means llte English stroke a* wen in Kair 
land tlml lie produced, hut n «rrt»ke fotindtsl 
ii|>on iIm* rutlimeiil* of thnt wltieli for yenr* 
had given u* the most flnisMl narVmen. 
That roar, at Kpringth-ld in a three-mile 
siniigliinwuy, saw tlw ftr*l pmclicul test of 
the new- stroke, nnd Ynle turned out the hert 
rrew she had in yenra. The newspapers hud 
poked a civtit tlenl of fun at tlw Cook or 
rwalMi stroke, but the crew rowed In ex- 
cellent form, oi-vertlwleao. nnd won In a field 
that Iticbul* *1 llnrvanl. which flnisked third 
In Wesleyan's sernnd, Amherst, Massachu- 
setts Agricultural College. Williams. I»*rl 
ntatuli Trinity, Colnmhia, Ikiwdoin. anil 
Corn ell. la 74. til Saratoga, single nar ra<-»-s 
were tlrst Intrmlucrsl In-twccn Yale. Ifnrvani, 
nnd Cornell. In tbp 'vnrsity mce of three 
mike Mmlghtnwny. liter** were nine crews 
entered, im-liuling Trinity nml Princeton. 
Ynh* riii*l Harvard Iwrxiur entangled iu a 
foul, and Columbia, which hnd it good crew, 
won Thirteen crew* cnntaMed ut Sura toga 
In "75. Cornell won that yenr. with Ynle 
sixth, notwithstanding her rrew being cap- 
tained nml stroked bv Mr. Cook. 

In lire winter of this year Ynle withdrew 
from the rowing a*socinlinn of colleges, ami 
challenged liarviml to nu eight-oared four- 
mile nice, which wn* rwumptly accepted, ami 
thus licgnn the YahsItnrVHfd ii'iimal istutests 
ns we timl them to-dny Tltongh llarvnrd 
bad accepted Yale'* challenge, yet sire re- 
mained in tiie general assoclHtlon, nml in Til 
wnt a six-tMied erew lo Knnitogn. which was 
defcatexl hy Coroell. and tire eight oared 'var- 
sity, stroked by llaireroft. suffered similarly 
in the met* with Ynh*. Mrokesl by C«N>k. In 
September nf the same year Ynh* sent n fonr- 
mml erew to lire Cenlt-nnul. which defeati-d 
liotli tbe English fit* from Cambridge and 
ColumhiA. After the Komlogn regatta of this 
yenr. Harvard withdrew from tire neenrint loo, 
nntl in 77 mnde nrntngcfireot* with Yak) for 
n rare at Springfield. It wn* very freely 
jH-edlcted.by those who km-w nothing of tlie 
subject, that intprcM would continue in the 
Somlogti regatta, nml the Yale llarv aril race 
prove stupid ami iinulleiulcil ; hut the result 
was the onjwrtite, Snratogn died, ami Spring* 
flchl. or New |,i union, a* it became next year, 
boomed. In 77. and 70 I la rvarel, stroked 
hy Bancroft, defeated Yale with im reusing 
ease, the race of '77 by seven rewinds, anil 
that of '70 by on* minute nml forty-three «ec- 
ottds. Mr Cook luting left college, some 
disastrous experiments were miule in tbe 
stroke i luring the In*! two years Two years 
later, in June. >11. Columbia scuta four-wuwl 
rrew abroad to iinrtlclpnte in the Henley re- 
gatta. which, niter many triala nnd tribula- 
tion*. Ihtally secured tlo: Henley cup. the 
only English aqunilr trophy. I Ik-IIovc, that 
hn* ever been brought to this country. 

In '81 Cornell sent nfour cmred crew. which 
hail won the iiitcreullegixlc rai-e at the lake 
(Jeorge regatta in 'W», in England fur the 
Henley event, t if the misfortune* thnt befell 
ibis unlucky crew a coin mn could lie written 
did space permit. After endless discussion 
xml a great display of snobls-ry by the Eng- 
lish (Kinsmen, their entry wn* Anally accept- 
ed Tlrey puli*-' I inanv a diu-oiirugltig race 
in F.ug'siiral. Imt the luckless crew were never 
victorious. They went over to the Conti- 
nent. nud rowed on the I hum Is- against « Yi- 
enuni'rew. ami Irete they also lost, one of the 
men being accused by Ihe other*, of selling lire 
race. 



In Ynle continued following the will* 
o'-w isji hi (rermitting x profexsionnl director- 
ship of its rowing. By some very sophis- 
tical theories, Davis, the prnfcasMMtal. had 
intrencheil himself in the consider, irion of 
some of tlic powers, and there he remained. 
Ynh- won in '80 and '81 from Ifurvard under 
this regime, and the unfortunate result wa* 
to strengthen tlie bold of n man ami system 
thnt should have been sent mi their way rejoi- 
cing. They failed to look more ckioely into 
the enure. Had they done an. it would have 
been discovered lint In threw yenr* llnrvanl 
Imd ls-eu particularly unfortunate, nml n 
warning should have been accepted in the 
fnc-l Hint notwithstanding this. Yale won 
lay but It few second* in Kl. However, Davi* 
ruled, and Ynle in '82 tiegan it •wrles of ex- 
prriini-nt* in rigging and stroke timl were 
nbeurd. Tlie result was a " d**ukev -engine 
stroke," tliui gnvc all loyal friends nf Yale lire 
horrors, nnd trow Bob Cook's Mood la hi* 
vein*. The training tire men underwent wns 
enough to have killed them . they were over- 
trained. ami eoutplciely demoralized, of 
course Harvard won. In 'Kl Mr. Cook came 
to the rescue, und out of cits on hroogbl forth 
tlw* li*st erew Ynle had turned out up to thnt 
time. It lowered the record lo W.fll. uml 
raised a great hope iu tlic hreastx of all Ynl« 
men. 

Meanwhile Harvard wh* inking a turn at 
making fnul ex|wrinients In the winter of 
'84 Bancroft, liarviml * ablest adviser, cessed 
coaching the crew. Instead of getting torn* 
gnulunte who hud hern tnugh! iti lhe Ihuvcroft 
•chool to aid him In coaching, the enptnin 
secretly employed a profexsionnl sculler, 
totiilly nilbmtL experience in long-distance 
eight-onred rowing t«> counsel ximI advise. 
Y'ale during this lime wns likewise experi- 
encing lute rind dlarenalons. The captain of 
the erew and Creik were not able to ugris*. 
tlie erew wnsdiMirinuixrd. nnd the men badly 
trained. Tlw result wns nn easy victory for 
ilxrvanl, nnd Ihe nut costlv one six* hnd 
ever gutm*!. Good m-ore- at Yale predomi- 
nated. nnd Mr. Cook was persuaded to lake 
the crew iu band again. At H«rv«r<j till- 
systematized work continued Tlie histonr 
«if college Ixmting from Hist day to thi* » 
easily told. Yale has continued' under on® 
able guidance, gone on improving her stroke, 
nml turning out the nuret finished crew*. 
Harvard has had dism-nsion fol lowing dissen- 
sion, one cnach ibis year, nnother with Ids 
own pet theories the next. While Yale bns 
hern tiirningout fast and rvinurknhly flnislred 
crew*, that Itav* won since >16. Harvard has 
slowly ts-rn struggling Inek to sound rowing 
principles. Lwti year especially there were 
hopeful sign* that augur well for the near fu- 
ture f ruuhl M ■■A ou the conckiiig itelk- 
cd* mid untlerlyiog basis of 111* two crews, 
hut there is no space for comments or erili- 
ciwn in thb article, which deal* only with 
the history of fuels, as briefly ns possible. 
Since the dissolution of the old nssoctation. 
Columbia, Cornell, ami tire University of 
Pennsylvania hove maintained crews, nnd in 
the isist two year* had tin atiittm) race, but 
tbeir form is greatly inferior to either Ynle 
r-r Harvard. Yales greatest crew was that 
of KK. which gave the rtt»c»t exhibition of 
rowing ever seen in America, it lowered 
Ihe record lo 20.10. and was undoubtedly 
the fastest crew that ever wit in a boat, It 
is too bod the men were not sent abroad 
Lust year tbe Ynh* accepted a challenge 
from (lie Atnlnnia rrew. probably the fastest 
nniMtollegiale eight Iu tire country, nnd oil 
May $4*1. after tire stroke, when a mile nnd 
a quarter out, hud broken hi* txir and Jumped 
overboard, woo the four-mile ran* with ut- 
most ease, seven nu-n sending au eight oared 
si tell over lire water at a rat* of which an 
eight would is* proud. $ucb, then, is (Ire bare 
history of reillege boat racing In till* country. 
Tire moat interesting hit* nf reminiscence f 
have lecn eomfielhal to leave for Hiiother 
time, tbe ubjcct Iu this article being to put n 
more or law* complete resume in print. 



Thii TYT*o i. xFT wkkk made these column* 
announce s.tp»/ntnt us tire mart “modern*' 
of tlx* liurgtaa boats It I* hardly necessary 
to say that “ inodenite" wns inleoded. 

Tub ANTtDAT. "THtitn hack* of the Atlantic. 
New York, awl Scnwntlliakn Yacht clulm 
have llulshed up lire Aral w«-k of lire season 
most sueeeaafully. Of rourse all raring In- 
terest »n< centred In the new bonis, though 
the entries were disappointingly few; I'rini 
did not route on front Newport, and Nap*- 
mm, having pul buck to Ihoton (owing to 
defective ronn ruction and improper material 
in her ehannefcst. only nrtivisl on Friday, nnd 
wa* tlrereforc mhwing. tltougk entered; till* 
rediireil tlw- r lns» lreiu ill New York lo f*mr 
starter*. -•** ijfotwM will probablv mil in Ike 
Corinthian. Jmre 8*d. und Ailatulc -pee ml on 
tire ISM. a* we are On tire press, and may i»>«- 
Xibly give 1/h‘riiimt one or two inteTC-ting 
ni<*-‘ If she also I* n» signally defeated n* 
have Isreu 7>»ra. Jtfiiisofir.and Ai»«/#7im, there 
will remain little dnitht of the p*«lti-in to 
which t/brriilH'l bcntitUsI in the riant. 

Two wkkkh a on this count* derlnrcd 
that Ol'iriituii would lie an astonishing sue 
cess or a dismal failure. Her performances 


the pn*t week have certainly hero remarkable 
In nil kinds of w outlier slit* has willed aw.vy 
from her rival* in the new eln** with increas- 
ing rose 6 Im< lias shown the finest »*,rk la 
cIom sailing, and in tire Ireavy weather on 
Thursday stood up beautifully with the 
driest deck in the fleet. The attempt ln*t 
week lo " place " the boats is on the whore 
instilled by lire racing so far; X-iutitv list 
been disappointing, though in tlie Ktawan- 
hak* met* on Paturdny she made u very ptet- 
IT rare with IrbrMM She seem* to go b-1- 
U-ra» she get* tuned u». trloriana bos Iwaten 
.Vinenki both In lire Atlantic race, which may 
lie disposed of in n won! iu "tiglit wea- 
ther. with a "oldier's wind nil the wav round 
the course." and in the New York race, 
which wn* in many respect* a fair test. In 
heavy weather nnd turning to win* I waul. 
Gtifritiwi not only sqimmlrrrd her field, but 
actually oui-oliuwd tnrm. Afiarohr, it* pre 
dieted, w on from Jtmim on reaching, on lire 
Atlantic day; reaching living tin* |«iint of 
anilitig which depends least 01 rm-lel and 
must on motive power; and. when it mine 
on to blow nn Thurwdnv. living, as I said she 
would Is*, "sillied harder " limn Jrmim, slie 
promptly carried nwny something n* soon u 
"Ire mrl the jump of sen i>ut«iib* the Hook. 
On Snturdnv the wind wn* very light, 
was not In ft. tire nut lieiog between Gtori- 
itna ami Xiinh'lut. It appenra that -V « ntilnt 
is cwnvased pretty well up to the limit, only 
receiving over the New York course 58 »r- 
ond* from (Horton*, nnd it would seem a* 
Ihough she was lo tie anotlier example of 
the impnaaibiliiy of riding two Jmnres nt 
owe, and ns though she Were none lire bet- 
ter for her rvnemhlancc in ccttuin direct lou* 
to Fife Jun.'s design* 

MncgOLA'" WISH AT OK T HI*" DAT. though 
tlie fiM-t wns not mentioned in any of Ihe re- 
port* of the race, may h*vc Ireen lo a great 
extent due lo a collision wliirli occurred with 
(ilorinutt early Iu lire race. It *eem* that 
wltfU (Honatut ItifY*-*! out of itinrtJn» wen- 
tlrer. MinrM .1 luffeil lo prevent her passing. 
Thismnmenvre changing tire relative.tlM>ugli 
not the netunl, posiljon* of the Ijnnts. resull- 
cd lii tire immediate cataMMum-nt of a tech- 
nical overlap. ThewnpOfi. under lire rule. 
(HtiHonii hnllcil Minroto. t-iniinitig Imt titrlits. 
Miuf&i promptly kept uwny , i,,i 
followed suit. and. irearing down on irer. 
raked her rigging with her main hnotn. nich- 
ing fln*l Hie runner a ml next lire shroud* Tlie 
blow lieiog a severe one, while it did not 
break either the runner or tlw* shrouds, ap- 
parently caused tlie taut rigging of tire .Via- 
roi* to st retch, and sprang or weakened Irer 
ina*l so. timl from that point on it gave evi- 
dence of weeklies* Finally. n» tbe bout* 
rnnir out from behind tire Honk, an oninlou* 
'•crock '" waa beard, and the must appeared 
to give away in three plnrex simull niusxrRly, 
Through extreim* promptaro* in getting the 
mnin-snii off her, sire wu* unvi-d tin* danger 
incident to an actual breaking of lire mast, 
but ber raring career for tell days lo come 
will be n blank. 


TnisAneiDKKT At*r*AH*ToitAVK been the 
ilireel result of that noxious qualification of 
tbe rolling rules which provide* that a yacht 
must hegin to luff l.oforr nil overlap It** been 
ralnbllshed, so far a* her right to luff for Ike 
iMtrpnspnf preventing anotker yacht to pu*a 
irer lo wimlwsrrl i* mncrracd. This quali- 
fication wa* originally kntriMiuefsl hy tire Sen 
wanluika, nml w ns afterward adopted by Ike 
New York. At In title Mnsnaclmactt*. ami. I 
Irelieve. Eastern yndit elulia. Tlmt tlie |re*»- 
viwi i* harmful milter 1h.m Is-nclleial was 
indicated by thi* unfortunate uceurretxee. 
which kept .Viamfu out nf Sntimlny's rare, 
and likely enough prevent her from jxtrtlrl- 
pating iu some half dozen coming events. It 
ha* never appeared Iu the Yacht Kneiiig As- 
sociation role* in Great Britain or in tlw* 
ruk'* of the Ci -mil liiati Ynelil Club of New 
York, and it would Ire wi4| if it wen* strick- 
en from tire rules of those dubs in which it 
now exist*. 


Iy ta to UK noted that Hlorionn «a the 
New York day succeeded In carrying her 
mil. and currying it suecemfully nnd well. 
Ailntirable nnd roost luteliigenl eonatrueiion 
alone run hnvr produced this result There 
are n number <>f devices CNipkqreil in the 
b int to sirenglhen while lighientng couuroi- 
tion. Indeed it is evident that great iulrlli- 
grnoc lias Uren put Into the Ismt at evrry 
fxiint. ami the contrast to the crumpled chan- 
nel* of Miutolo nnd and lire for 

mer'a breakdown on Thundny. does not re- 
dound lo lire credit of lire leailitig Emlerti 
builder. It U one tiling to design a hull over 
which may lie spread theoretically a great 
ana nf canvas, ami a very different tiling to 
construet am) gear and *i»y Die ma»t hi as to 
stand the strain of the runvns iulendnl to tie 
spread. I'ulfM construction meets In every 
purl i< ul. ir tire demands made upon it. Ihe 
ivmt must Inlsir under tin* enormous dtssil 
vantage of being always compelled lo rail 
with less canvas than she was designed lo 

cnrrv. 

There are certain physirol limitation* upon 
tbe strength of iron and wood, and certain 
limitxtMiii* on the amount of weight which 
can la* siireewifiilly carrier) aiofl on Itonts of 
various *J»*v ami them* fact* tend lo place 
a limit on available sail area. 

A* l.npih'Tti raid many years ngn in Eng- 
land, " I ran cut their sail* nil light. Imt tle-y 
have got to get spao* and gear that will rtntiil 
them. It i« «M thing tu put power ami nil 


put power anil nu 


JUNE «. 19»l. 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


4R7 


#rri» into » iK»t • w- 1 and n very 

different quest loo «>Im:u otic Ut-sl» with a 
44. feci water line. 


I 


It hap «»•£* often mill Hint llie mime 
men who, a* a railing eummiitcr.drrisc u mle 
mt-niiii r fawn I. immediately turn arouml 
ami ns individual* do'Mieirliest togri around 
It. In my opinion, tta water line length rule 
ns the sole length element to lie laknn inm 
account in measure incut Inu received n fninl 
hl«iw in 0toriV*«o'e Mcnw HanwIiofV linn 
*• taateu ll>t> rtlle " in tar tremendous over 
ImiiE forward nod aft anti ita reversal curves 
nf tar col-water. O/an'nmr nflunt in a liar- 
>ior awl awaiting measurement is awnnlcd 
a water line length of 4.'» feet only (she la 
some 10 inches Starter titan Hie uHtera), hut 
as rhiii as site bed* to llie breeze, anil (lie 
wind nerts u downward prewnre nr weight 
upon tai mils, causing Iter hull to sink levrn 
afew Inches h she jralua enormously upon 
them in actual water line lenglk Thu being 
no. we shall lure next year plenty s»f Imita- 
tors of Uertealtoll'* genius. In oilier words, 
some element Iwsidre mere water line length 
must he introduced into the measurement, 
for llnnsliof, In unfer to lenl thr rule, luts 
produced in (ifarutruj a boat of ua sbnotnial 
type, L r..n Iwot unduly devchtpcd in one 
respect. 

How his ingenuity should lie taadi-d off 
may not at Urat right lie apjstrcnt. To return 
to the " forepart of the stem to the iiftcr|uirt 
of i he MeTti pom on deck” rule, cither with 
nr willtwit the somewhat arbitrary *' deduct- 
ing tta breudlh,"' would result in tta now 
old fashioned English cutler lmw; mid yet 
Is-ngih. as being die great speed factor, must 
be in some way sufHrivntly taxed, must filter 
in* ini important element into the method of 
ctUenlaliflg the Itoul'a mmumremenb It rosy 
lie that to ui n taut, my, on thirty percent, 
of Iter orertiiiug lit tta how, and incoty 
per cent, of her overhang at the stem tas be- 
ing less important | would meet the difficulty. 


The weather m.ayki* such t|ueer pranks 
last week tliai tta lawn tenuis programme 
fen* seriously interfered with. No plater, 
however rooil his condition, could have last- 
ed through a hard fought match of live sets 
under tta taking suns i>f Tuesday ami 
Wednesday, mid I thought that the officials of 
tin* New Haven Lawn dub, under the an* 
pires of which tta tournament for the chaoi- 
piottoliip of New England was held, showed 
great good sense in not compelling the con- 
testants to commence plitv umkr such nd- 
vente conditions. The clay court is natal 
exclusively at New llavcn, and after llie sur- 
face I ms received such a thorough linking as 
it ilid on Turaday lust. It U easy to Imagine 
the danger to wliirb a player was subjected 
iT compelled to exert himself to Hie uiim»*t 
under such circnmataacoa. During tta* lnt- 
ter port of the week, when the temperature 
became delightful for playing, the ruin com- 
pelled renewed |HMtponrmenl of the Hudson 
River Association IMIBIIMl at Hastings, 
and left tta llnsl match in draibtei at New 
Haven to be played on Monday of this week, 
too lain for comment in this column. 


The loss or the N r.w EaouiahCluuupton* 
ship by Mr. R 1*. liiinliiictoo, Juii .nasfnre- 
slind»fe«*d by hi* defeat during the previous 
week nt the hands nf Mr. E lv Hall, Jnu-.in 
the club (uiiruameul of tta* New Haven U*n 
tlluU. ThU Mr, Hall, who must not ta con- 
fused with Mr. K. L Hull, of New York, Is 
hard!) to ta nutkad among second class play- 
ers. unless be lias improved wonderfully since 
last summer, and hi* victory dcm**it*trat**s 
that Mi Uuiitington must still lie suffering 
from the effects of the accident which pre 
veoteii hint from competing in the iuterml- 
Ifgiate louruauieut last fail. Luck of prac- 
tice, however, was also a cause of ItU poor 
showing, for ill the cltampionslilp round Inst 
week there was a decided Improvement iu 
III* pliiv This Hum* ta was defeated by Mi 
V. T. tar, of Philadelphia. mil a first cUw 
mao. to ta wire, hoi certainly much tatter 
titan Mr. K E. Hall, and one who hod recent- 
ly shown hi* mettle hy defeating Mr. ,1. S. 
Clark in llie I'hitalelphia Pwlcl loom- 
auent. Lee's game is not <«ue of the brilliant 
order. Extreme cam sod accuracy are its 
strung points, awl in those respect* lie re- 
mind* one forcibly of another player of tta 
suiur name, ft. A. Let-, of llarvnnl (’Diver- 
sity. Five sets had to ta piny nl tafore Lee 
captured the championship from lluntinglon 
last week, and indeed if the hitler eullld 
have mads but one point at it rritlcnl mn 
meat in the SEcnnd •*•!, In; would bnve Won 
the match In Btralght mi*. Iliintingloti 
would have tacit tta owner of the ( ham 
pionsliip Cup if ta had tieeo *ucren«ful this 
year, hut it uow goes to Philadelphia, tuul 
Mr. lee must defend it in 1893. I have 
heard It staled that tta prvsen’ summer may 
possibly ta the lust in which I r. Huntington 
will contest f.*r t*--n ms Itonura. If Hus ta 
true. I know Hint there will ta a general de- 
sire among the players to sec him regain Ins 
form of last mwo hi. *nd make a strong hid 
for tta ltalUiuul churapUtaship. 


The Nr.w Haven rortis tuEs r. outside of 
tta championship round, rails fur hut little 
comment. Lee fairly ntrurd his right to 
play in tta clnampiou-diip round Irj winning 
from Hiich good men as M. R H’ right nn«l 
Ford llillitingtoo. Tta nutrh witli Wright 
was close. Imt I loit iu tta flnul round with 
Ford Huntington wo* almost a walk-over for 
tta Philadelphia player. When piny ended 



TUB "ULtlKlAM'-taa a Pantn>is«vu m ('■ns t l"n»r»«v, Jt»«rrn*T. 


for the week, the final round of doubles was bo well together as they might ta. How 
left undecided. Tta Huntington brothers, i» inclined to gel a little behind, and then, a* 
and Lee. with F. G Hencli. <if New Haven, if to make up for it. lie get* a little ahead, 
n* a partner, were to play it off on Monday Tta men in 1 ale’s taint are not sitting up to 
of this week. Reach is especially strong in it as they should, hut row with hldu slight- 
doubles, unless lie become* rattled. and with ly Item, and give one llie impression of being 
such a careful partner us Lee, ought to have ready to slump do** n at auy Stroke. The 
won Hie match. Iiaiul* on tta shoot are earned very low. 

partially accounting, 1 think, for the sloop 
The ctiAMiroxsniP tochxamkxt of tta mg podltan In which tta •boulder* are 
Southern Lawn-tennis Association wa* de- aliowrsl Ut nslapt Uicmtelves. Unless my 
tided Inst week ul Wilmington. Tile Wash- eyes have deceived me, tta Ysle OMV, hi- 
ingtoo playm ihought that their best man. Mnwl of showing marked improvetnent, bn* 
,1. C. Havidsim, who has only recently shown lost in form since last 1 saw 1L 
himself tatter than McCauley, would give A. 

If. S. Post, nf Baltimore a Itard tus*le for tta Wrr* Haiivarp rr is ittmcuaKT. The 
championship of the numciation. The ex- past week has done wonder* for them. Not 
erosive tawt warned lo nffect Dnvidftori more only are Uiey rowing longer and cleaner, hut 
Hum Ills adversary, however, and Post won they are going much faster. There Is do com- 
with comparative case. Althuugh Duvidvm liariMa SotWMB tta crew which left Gam- 
might liarc made ft tatter showing under bridge two weeks ago and tta crew which 
different conditions, lie is hy no mouia the leave* tta Harvard ftoat at New London. It 
equal in skill of young Mr Pom. who ha* I* Hie kudo crew, but under the able couch- 
successfully defended the championship since lug of Keyes, the whole style and general ap. 
ItSta. mid fully enrued tta right to ta oonald pearance Lave changed. The four «ern men 
cretl tta ‘•crack" player of the South lire airman perfectly together, ami Powers 

•wms lo ta able tc* hit Ita stroke op at will. 
Me, H- A. Taylor ho* recently returned It is no longer a fwsti’im wbriher they can 
from u trip abroad, which wns taken for tta row over thirty strokes lo the minute, the 
tam-fii of hi* I teal ih. He return* much Ini crew know* now that it can. for Power* ho* 
proved in lirnlth and *lrength. hut informs demonstrated lo Ikrnt thut so far as Ita num 
Die that ta* |»*»itlvcly will not nompelc in any tar of Mlrokes are cuucerued.h* can d i ivc them 
tournament ihia summer, not even defending in as fast as they want to receive them, 
hi* title to the Middle .Slain championship 

this week. Mr. Taylor’* retirement, together Keltoh’s waterm-anrhii’ is not very 
With that of Mr. 11. W. Slocum, Jun,, his good. I notice that be is inclined In cwrry 
partner lo •louhlu*. takes u prominent pair hi* sweep too high ou Ita recover, and the 
from the cbiunpioosUip tournament at Nat- slightest roll of the boat scent* to muiplete- 
cn Ialaud ttext week. Holnrt and Hall, the ly u|mH him for the time being. Vail fol- 
prrseEit eliamptons, are tarred from competl- lows Keltou bmutifally. and this, 1 think. 
Hon. mid altogether tta prospect for an in- i* his strongest recommendation, Cuin- 
tercMing tournament t* not overbright. I Diings acts its though he was half asleep 
suppiue lltsl Huntington and Camptall will nil Ita time, but lie may wake up Ita* 
again plnv togelher. and as both have re- day of tta race. Lynam has improved 
cenlly been defeated in single*, vtare will ta greatly, and ho* at last, I think, gained an 
t-ome curiosity as to how Uiey will ocrpiit understanding of what llie stroke is like, 
themselves in combination. Ran tool is pulling in Ills fame happy g*>- 

lurky fa*lii(>n,and show* little improvement 
I iaiokkd over the Yale and Harvard over a week ago. Captain Perkins at 3 
news Saturday, and nm inclined to think i» rowing fairly well for n man with a lame 
Hint llie race next Friday will not ta such a arm. hut I am inclined to litink he could ta 
walk-over for Yah* a* a week ago it appeared of more use to lire crew If ta wa* out of the 
total Yale is uot keeping up to liersiaiidani boat, and had allowed Jones lo take his 
A* I watcltcsl them alow I y paddle their sltt-ll place. Perkins in good condition la an oar 
along. I could pick out faults which have of more tlian average ability, hut with an 
taen perfect strangers to the Yale erew* of anu disabled ho is by no means so good a 
the past few years. What I said lost week won as Junes. Newell Isa* Improved sr.me- 
nltoul llie way in whirii the oani are Itandtal. wltat. lait ta l* not so effective as lie might 
I say to-day; tall it is in regard to the body It# if he would hold liis Hide at the catch In- 
work that I make my criticism tlii* week. He- Mead of kicking It out from under him. 
yond a question Ita IkhJv work of the Yale ’01 

crew is pootvr titan tlint of any crew that lias From a general impreswon gathered by 
represented the blue for years. The first watching the two crew*. I am inclined to 
break i* at ?. and it it a break. In Ira* I pick out Yale a* llie pmiovWf winner, and 
nm greatly mistaken. Ibrrei will he two stroke yet tlsere I* *omt*thing about the way in 
oar* it) tta Yah* sliell on the day of llie great which tta Harvard crew nrrwL* ilsshcH along 
rare. Tta Cornell tendency 'of Ta row- wbicli influence* your tatter ludgmetii. and 
lug itecorrrs painfulty appnri-nt after a mile cnuscs you toheaiento before giving a deckled 
or two. Ho d*te* m»t seem to keep his ac opinion. Ihith rrews are giwsl. Both ate 
quiml Yule form, tail geu into Hie Cornell rowing practkally the same stroke. The 
sly la uf "letting It go." Yale rvew ha* the advantage In Ita clean 

Now this must have some effect on stroke, way In which it Itandle* its oar*, iu general 
and it evidently does, for I notice that ta watermanship, ami in the steadiDi-sx with 
lift* to make a great effort to keep the num- which it carries it* larttt along on Ita keel. 

1rt of stroke* down to wliai is called for hy Harvard ha* the advantage of being better 

Coach Cook. "How thirty-two to tta mill together in it* body work, and n squurer 
tile, hut grind ita-m in.” was what I heard finish to Hi* stroke. Cao Iwttef body work 
him tell the crew, but after they had been win against strength ami watermanship ? 
at it for a few moment* I counted then at This will ta decided oo Friday, 
thirty four ami thirty five. Cnless Hie two 

stern nu n get tatter together within tta next Polo were at Wk*tchk)»tkr was a dis 
few days, it will nuke a great difference in mil one in point of wenttar, but allowed 

tta result of the race. some of Hie best play of the season. On 

Morality, Morristown 03 goal*} played Phi In- 
The must glaring KaIXT in the body rh-lphia (3 goid*). and after some Lard play- 
work and general sit up of Yale's crew, how- lug w on in the last ten second* of the Ultra 
ever. Ls in the appnannceof I Irff cl fingernail period by ludf a goal. The Morristown team 
the wav in which lie holds himself Hef- played a fair game. Niooll and I»nl bring 
felAngcr’s hock i* a sight lo behold. He dor* It- umlu support. Nicoll promises lo Ir'oo*- 
not seem to lum- tta strength lo hold him- of the atrongvst players in tta association, if 
self up straight. He pulls with gn-w poor- ta gets Rome good'jwactice work; he Is an 
er, tail in doing It he plum himself in a iniwt exceptionally strong hitler, acmling tta tall 
unromforuhle positimi-- not only uneum- freauratly lialf tta length of tta field The 
fortuble, hut also fatiguing. The c-onse- PhUadclphlan* are good bluer*, and are uni 
qiiraio* is that ta U llie first man In the crew formly fair, tail show tta liu-k of outside 
to show signs of distress. This is rather practice. They have no team to play against, 
strange when you consider Id* great muscle* and consequently no chanr-c of improving, 
and gmieral build. Bow and 3 arc also uot Theu, too. their ponies don't start quit U 


enough nor ride In. Tn other w trd*. their 
giuiw: is too slow nod niild, siiwl mote adapted 
to croquet than polo. 

The Rih-kawav fimt team wa* to have 
played Essex OH \V.-dnr*d«y (all Tuesduy 
gmiMW being pijr<t]K*Di-ii ill order to pre Hie 
player* **i opportunity of losing their mum-y 
at flic Sutairtiiin'l, biit’failesl to show up. and 
the game went to Wcstcbestev by default. 
On that <Uy tlte Ibickan-ay second team met 
Kiis-x, amt won by lo 5. and showisl 

S ently tmprovisl pCsy over the exhibition nt 
endow Brook Isxl week. Steven* really 
did tin.* work of the day. though Fmnckt* 
plnyisl well, I-a Montague made some gmid 
strokes, but he doesn't ride in. pu**ihly"*uv- 
Ing Itls puny for latck piny, for ta i* a pret- 
ty nun for lively work. "For Essex. Rnhio- 
w*B played bis usual slendy game; the team 
would (ni lost without him, Dallelt was fair 
at limes, but was rallied, and not up to hi* 
usual form Fait showed Improvement over 
tta preemiing week, thougli be U vatucles* in 
a *crlmn*age ; he iloesn't seem to got in and do 
anything. IV lien lie gets the tall lu the open, 
however, his fast ponies rnable him to dally 
with It for a few brief ecstatic moment*, 
Collier play isi his usual Imriitn smnini guinr; 
»o much earnest effort mure intelligently di- 
rected would make u valuable player. 

The same day Meadow Brook and West- 
Chester came together in the prelllcst game 
of ita week, score 11} to 10} iu favor of tire 
latter. Mr. Belmont won indisposed, ami Car- 
roll was sill util ii led. Tbit reduced llieir hand- 
icap It go*K bat tire team felt the loss of Mr. 
Belmont nuny times orerlliol taforo Itagiuuo 
*»* fliii*li«l Ihichcock played a great game; 
Winlhrnp sl»ow«l improvement on his form 
of last week ; Carroll did very well ; hut Bird 
was way off. and wa* never hi ft at any stago 
of llie game. Tta playing of Wewlebesler 
was remark aid v good ; tta ti-iun land never 
done tatter. Iliame gromul VM t-videmly 
dugenlal to Bales, for ta bntceil up aud 
allowed cxceptiomd form. In fact, every m*u 
on the Country Club team played liatxl and 
skilfully Meadow Rrouk enrurd 10 goal* 
and Westchester 8. Thursday, Morristown 
plH.ved Bockaway secoiel team, which had 
suliMitutcd K. J. Kraneke in place of Tower, 
and ta Turnure for It. La Montague, tire 
handicap being the aamc The game wn* too 
one-shled to be esjieciitlly inlcresiing. Mor- 
ristown inade hut 3 goafs, ami lost through 
not having * good forward man, Kiwed n«s 
III with a Severe tandacta, and. I bough o*i 
the field did noth jug, Fraorke did very well, 
inuking most of Hie goals; but Stevens again 
did the most effective playing ou tta Kock- 
awny team, which made « goals. Turuure 
also did well. Strange to relate, there were 
no penalties of any kind throughout Hie Hire*) 
jreriisjs of | day. 

<)» Sati hday, for the Turnure Cun*. In 
the OrM trial. Nkoll aud l-ord eariMst 13| 
goals, wbitewaxliing Cooley and H. N F**i 
ter. who were uliuwed 9 goals In Ita linn)' 
Nicoll ami Lord met II C. Groomeand II 
1‘. MeKean; they allowed Hie t .-iladelpbians 
7 goal*, and were winners hy a score of IS} 
goals to 7}. This same team won these cups 
last ytnr nt Kockaway, and have proved 
theuiM-lves « strung pair, carrying, a* they 
do, quite a heavy handicap. In the flnul 
event for the Hrrfsrrt Trophies, Westchester, 
allowed one goal, met ltockaway second 
team, and earned S}. while their opponent* 
scored but 2}. W rat ctaster pUyeil a fust 
Mroug gnnse, Putter (E.C ) inakinga mwi ef- 
fective tack, scltlom failing lo hit tta tall to 
lit* team at Ita right imuueot. Havenueyer, 
IWkmon. and Butrs were equally good in 
their place. Of Ita Kix kawuys, Slevetu wu* 
the onlv oue playing up to final, and lie did 
mast of the work for hi* team. Ttayouogrr 
Francke. with Mime experience in match 

E rne*, promise* lo ta a* good or Is-tter Umw 
i brother. U Montague wo* short of p>.>- 
nles. owing to oue having Iwn injured early 
in Hie game. The game was a good one, anil 
wound up a very sticct*>«fiit lourDafireut. 
ThU week play i* at Orange, and then we go 
to ('edarhurst. from July 1st to lltfa, of the 
Polo Amoctatkm Cup*, 

Tn JOINT canor regatta of Ita Marine 
and Field Club ami Maiiliaitau Athletic 
dub wu llie greutral affair of its kind thut 
I in* ever been nailed in these waters. Not 
before have been seen in one event so many 
of Hie country « crack aaMuca, a fact npprei i 
•toil when it is known Hint among the Harters 
were U Bowyer Vaux. a veteran whom every 
one knows; Quick. of Yonkers, present hol<(- 
er of the InternalMMial trophy , George I* 
IhmglusA. tta hII round chaiiipinu of the 
American Canoe Association . Paul Buller.nf 
Lowell, MimehllMM, one of the ablest ra- 
i«N-istA in tire country; I.lncolo B Palmer, 
one of the best all round cniirers iu tta us- 
•ocktloa; and William Whitlock, one of tta 
best sailors in lix-al waters. The munnge. 
men t Ilf Ita affair wa* perfect, ami the sport 
rnm**pomiingly good. The three-mile tin- 
chuwiflcd sailing rail- went to W.M.llrowm-ll. 
iu the A'«w-«c-*Ac. I h. 4 in 23 sec. Tandem 
paddling event, one mile, ruptured hy l*alm- 
er and Douglas* in Ha* Cricket, 5 m :Ki sec. 
Senior sculling event, 11 iniles. l*aul Butler 
won easily, fe ltli Uir H<ay. in 49 nt. 57 ««-. 
D. H. God*lanl wnn Club Cup race, 4} miles, 
with the /It*, in 41 in. fid sec., ami Uultk 
captured, with Cm. the M.A.C, challenge 
trophy, after a close race, in 33 m. 49 aec. 

l .uo.u W U’urrvrv 



4Htf 


HARPER’S WEEKLY. 


VOLUME XXXV., NO. 180!. 





THE STATUE OF ARC HBISHOP 
HUGHES. 

Fiktt year* ago on Jane 24tli, He John 
llie Kapilst's Day. Archbishop llnghi x found- 
ed tlicCollegeof St. John. at Fnrdliam. New 
York, mid bis memory will lx? honored this 
year upon the name day. wlien his stntiHj 
will be unveiled nt tlie college grounds. A 
similar tribute will Im paid to Mr Beecher, 
in Brooklyn, nt lire mine time; mid il is a 
Mnii^e coincidence, owing to tbe fact of 
tbe two meu Intvint' guile abroad in 1 **01 , 
at tbu request of tills government, in order 
to exert tlicir personal itillnencc witli tlic 
foreign |xj were and prevent lire recognition 
of tha Soothers Confederacy. Mr ImclMir 
went to England, while tire Archbishop 
visited the court of France and interested 
tbe Kmjnur in tbe Nortbern enuw. The 
amount of twelve thousand dollars was 
rmiaod by a committee of the admirers of the 
prattle, who are by no mount confined to 
lire Jtnsnan (,'ulho’ic Cbuivb. Judge O'Brien 
w*» chairman ol tire fund, and tin* friends 
of St. John's College have furthered tlic work 
with all IntoretL Tire statue of tbe Arch 
hilltop represent* him in the ecclesiastical 
street dress of bis rank, wbieb is only used 
in this country at out door ccrrmonica. Tlie 
figure la dignified mid stalely, corresponding 
to the manlier of lire man. and It the work 
•f Mr. William It. O'Donovun. The statue 
i§ ciwt In brass, being eight feci two Inchrn 
in bright, reeling upon a tirasa plinth ono 
foot high. About tbis plimli are the tvui 
hits of tlie four Evangelist*, die englit licing 
tlic front one. aa emblematic of tbe Arch. 
t>i«liop Tlie pedestal is live and one-half 
feet In height, of polished pink granite, per- 
fectly plain. The cast was made by Maurice 
J. i*ower. 

1‘poa Wednesday, June 3tth, this Maine 
will Im presented to the college liv Judge 
» O limn, and accepted by the {iredileni, Fa- 
User Scully. Archbishop Corrigan will llten 
unveil the work, mid an «rnl!un will be modu 


by Archbishop Hran. of I'hiliulclphin Tin 
ceremonies will follow upon tlic t’oiniueoi 
meat exercise* of the college, ami will lw a 


ferred to Senulor Abholt. 
The new Premier lias in- 
vited llso. old mein beta of 
the cabinet to retain their 
portfolios, and be himself 
I ins taken the position of 
President of the Privy 
Council, and retained that 
of lender of the government 
in the Senate Sir lln tor 
Lunev via will probably bo 
tbo leader in the Home of 
Commons Tlie bend of 
tho Department of Kail- 
way* bos not yet been 
luii'ind, but it U likely that 
the Premier will exercise a 
very close supervision over 
that office himself 
The Hon John Joteph 
Caldwell Abholt has just 
completed Ills seventieth 
year, and was born in St. 
Andrews, Quebec. HU fa 
tber was the rector of 8t 
Andrew's, and prepared tlic 
son for McGill College, 
where he was graduated in 
1845. Two yean later he 
was called to tlm bar. He 
practised law for twelve 
yeura, and I wen me a lead- 
ing authority in rommer- 
Hid law In 1HS» hV was 
elected as representative of 
Ids native county in the As- 
sembly of United Canada, 
iukI held this place until tbe 
union in 1W, when he lw- 
came a member, reprcsent- 
iiitf tlie Mime constituency, 
of tlie Dominion Parlia- 
ment. lu 1883 he was Solicitor General In 


cabinet of John Sntidllclil Macdonald, 
latt resigned lie fore Ills chief lost power. In 
Uie tame year bn wiu created a Qitccn't 
ou unsel. 

After leaving tlic cabinet, Mr. AbUitt pre- 
I Rul'd and procured the postage of what is 
known as Uie Insolvency Act of .1804. the 
basis of the preaeut Dominion bankruptcy 
laws. 

lu 1873 Mr. Abbott, who was still a mem- 


ber of Parliament, was tlic 
legal adviser of Sir Hugh 
Allan iu his negotiations 
with Sir John Macdonald's 
government over tbu pro- 
word Canadian Pacific 
Kailway. Ho was deftwt- 
ed for re election to Parlia- 
ment, and remained lu prl- 
vale life for seven years. 

That time was devoted ex 
dusively to his law prac- 
tice. 

Before again living elected 
to Pmllaiin-iit, Mr. Ablxilt, 
with Sir Hector Languviu. 
went to London to present 
the cow of the province of 
Quelicc in the praeordingx 
arising out of the dismissal 
lry I.ieutcnant-Governor Lo- 
lelller de St. J usl of his pro- 
visional ministry. Mr. Ab 
lodt was successful, ami 
the Marquis of Lome, then 
Governor-General, was di- 
rected to consult bb min- 
isters in tli* matter; tbo 
Lieutenant • Governor was 
dumissed. In 188(1 Mr. Ab- 
bot l reentered Parliament 
for bit old constituency of 
Argwiteuil.- In 1881 he was 
appointed to the Senate, 
and lias sine* been the lead- 
«* of that body, lu !W 
hr accepted Sir John Mnc- 
doiiald's invilallim to join 
flm cabioi't without a port- 
folio. He tvns always one 
of Sir John's most trusted 
advisers. 

In the United Slates not much is known lawyer. He I* a man of great wealth, the 
Mr Abbott, though it Is remembered that large bulk of which was made in the diates 
in his curly manhood be was in favor of join- of tho Canadian Pacific Hallway, 
ing the fortunes of Canada with Hume of 
the United Stales. Not much is pnpulsrly 
known of hint In Canada, where be is chief- 
ly thought of In connection with the scandal 
mid the overthrow of Sir John Macdonald's 
first odminisiration, and ns the author of a 
not very satisfactory insolvency law. In his 
profession lie is esteemed as a very shrewd 


THOROUGHBREDS 

llave *' Maying qaal.lMS. • That it, nmi|wtitbin <)■*« 
not discourage lima ruinual lu IW taw L* 
IKipalsr favor, llnatrttrr'e teinxli Hillers Imt I Ik 
kail mid k»|it II- Tbe |wu|ila ii( Aowrics twoqfiilaa 
Il oa tlie cliMinpl'* wlnart lu all emimu wltb Urm 
vtcloM nugs OMtorlx, dyipeptfib llrsr roaiplaliil, 
i-MiMtl|iMiiMi, rlianmalkiii, sad Hilary Umlbk. It 
xlirsja vtluc. — I .Mr ] 


must fitting memorial of the founder. 

THE NEW CANADIAN PREMIER. 

Lonn ST.iM.r.r, the Governor General of 
Canada, mntle no undue basic in selecting a 
Premier to succeed the lute Sir John Mac 
di maid Tlievo an- a great many coullieling 
interests in tlie Conservative party, and for 
several ymre past it bus taken all of Sir John 
Macdonald* wonderful tact to hold it livgeth- 
cr In Miming a successor lo Hlr John, lint 
Governor-General did not hnve to hxik for 
s man equal in ability to Hie dead leader, for 
there is no *neh man iu Canaria; Imt lie has 
evidently tried lo get oimi who would uiitag- 
otiixe aa little us potsildc the I'leiich and 
anti Catholic factious, mid at the miiic lime 
pleaae tin- Pacific Railroad iimgnatea. llnw- 
ever list* selection of Senator AldioU, of Mnn- 
Iresl. may solve tbu Hist |«rt of Hie problem, 
il IMIIM sniL'Iy answer the second very satis 
fselurily, Senator Abbott's leltiHons to the 
Cini sib an Pacific Kuilremil have always lieeu 
very choc. anti Ids nppoimurent ns Premier 
of the Dominion has lire name significance 
iw would in this country the election of Mr. 
Jay Gould s chief lawyer, or the legal adviser 
of Mi. C. P. Ilnniiiigtou. lo the Presiileney 
of lire UniUsl Stairs, 

Tlie Governor-General first asked Sir John 
Thompson to form a cabinet, but thut gen 
tlcnun. who is a convert to Uie Knmau < atli- 
nlic Church. ethically saw that no cidanct 
icinx'd by him would have the siippori of a 
untied jKiity. mid he declined, nl the same 
lime suggesting that I be luvluilou be tiuua- 


TilE COLUMBIAN EXPRESS, VIA 
PEN NSYLV ASIA 1( A I LRO A D. 

The hew foot Iralu to Chicago by the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, which entered the 
Service on Juou 7th a* the Clilrngu Special, 
has been rechristciwd "The Columbian Kx 
prem " iu liouor of tbe groat fuir. Iu lx 
stowing this title on live new train, the 
Pennsylvania KaUroud Company has taken 
the initiative among the railroads in rocug- 
liking the merits of tbe World s Exposition 
by providing spcdal facilities for the com- 
fortable mid apredy uiovemmt of visitor.- 
The train is particularly worthy of tiemirig 
Hie bouuftd title It Is the ri|»efcl example 
of train construction, ns il rnntuin* arcom- 
inodaliois for Uksvu who dealn; luxurious 
apartment)) as well as for those who sock 
the eomforU of a well-appointed passenger 
conch Tlie Pullman drawing-room, sleep- 


Ex press leaves New York 4.00 P M.. Phila- 
■ Ulpinu fi35 P.M. Hnirishiirg tl.3«J P M. 
every day, arriving, al Chicago 5.13 P.M. 
Ui« next day.— [A«r.J 


inunv II BXKliaa I Ik < silil. «lin« ibe ausis. sll.o • 
all pxlu, rsi«v wiui! relic, slid Is ilia tax -syiuilT I.t 
dunlin tkilil by drucclMs In swry pait of tbe 
WvrM. T*swly-av« ctwU s bulUc.— lAils.| 


Warns baby was sick, wc care lire IMoOi, 

Wmii sbs nia s I ’liilil, va« coni fur I'vflurlA 

W Ikii sbe bscamr Hire, vile clang to Caxoris 
Wwu six hail CblbJraii, ob( wm« dm Cmww- 

• MAI 

HttoWNW till! HKlllil.ll PANACEA. 


HARPER S PERIODICALS 

/Vryrar.f Mlayr/its 

HAftrr.R S MAflAXIXK K IV 

UAtn-KK s weeKir t 

ll tni-KM X RAZAR _.L l «• 

UAHMK X Y»VSG 1‘ZortK S«I 

Boukxlbv* ssj rtMtoiastem reually ra. 
orlva vu|s«ris44i«s Halre-n««ii<i» win 
4mvt In the |iu>* »l»r» ■bnuM Iw «m.m. 
imifS by IM uOIr* Mm»y UrAir iw Urm. 
HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK 


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